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In more recent times, it has been common for soldiers to return home with souvenirs, such as enemy weapons and flags, while larger military items captured in battle, particularly weaponry such as machine guns and artillery pieces, became the property of the state to which the soldiers responsible for
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provides an academic perspective of
Australian war trophy practices during the twentieth century. Major R. S. Billett, "War Trophies from the First World War", 1999, provides an illustrated history of Australia's World War One trophies of war, while A. P. Fox, "Silent Sentinels: The War Trophies of
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Paper (117 X 17) for the agenda of the UNESCO General
Conference "REPORT BY THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL ON THE PREPARATION OF A DRAFT DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES RELATING TO CULTURAL OBJECTS DISPLACED IN CONNECTION WITH THE SECOND WORLD WAR" (Paris, 17 September
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agency responsible for culture has been seeking to resolve issues relating to cultural objects displaced in connection with the Second World War. However, the conference in Spring 2007 failed to reach a consensus on a draft non-binding declaration.
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This followed a recommendation from the
Intergovernmental Committee for Promoting the Return of Cultural Property to its Countries of Origin or its Restitution in case of Illicit Appropriation (Paris, 7–10 February 2005) referred to in
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also displayed these items as well as cultural objects, which later came to be called war trophies. Body parts of slain enemies have sometimes served as trophies since antiquity, in a practice called
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All seizure of, destruction or wilful damage done to institutions of this character, historic monuments, works of art and science, is forbidden, and should be made the subject of legal proceedings.
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The property of municipalities, that of institutions dedicated to religion, charity and education, the arts and sciences, even when State property, shall be treated as private property.
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the First New
Zealand Expeditionary Force in War and Peace", B. A. Hons, Otago University 1987, examines the story of New Zealand's World War One war trophy collection (
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authorized the removal of certain property from
Germany, such as the merchant marine fleet. Germany, during the war, had removed large quantities of
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In the present day, the taking of war trophies continues, but weapons that are taken home as souvenirs are often deactivated first. According to
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In the 20th century, the victorious alliance states removed large quantities of property, including cultural objects. After the
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from the countries that it had occupied. In some cases, for example the Soviet "trophy brigades", official looting was
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Many works of art moved from their pre-war locations during the turmoils of the 20th century.
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332:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires: LitografĂa, Imprenta y EncuadernaciĂłn de Guillermo Kraft. 1882.
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by an invading force. Common war trophies include flags, weapons, vehicles, and art.
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authorized the removal of large amounts of property from
Germany, which it termed "
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Convention for the
Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict
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However, the article was not much respected during the remainder of the century.
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taken as trophies by enemy forces sometimes inspired years of added warfare.
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93:, military victories were commemorated with a display of captured arms and
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376:"Japanese Nambu Type 14 Pistol: Still Seen in the Most Curious Places"
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Trofeos de la
Reconquista de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires en el Año 1806
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No.45 of
Resolutions of UNESCO General Conference, October 2005.
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400:"Danny Nightingale case: Is the era of the war trophy over?"
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In 1954, a further convention was signed at the Hague:
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and swords were taken as trophies by the
Americans.
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260:, and two protocols have strengthened its force.
176:of dead Japanese as war trophies, and during the
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109:assembled from such items on a battlefield. The
140:in 1806 and exhibited as a war trophy at the
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428:1954 Convention – Summary on UNESCO website
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350:available on-line at www.kiamatetoa.com
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361:Some of these removals, are listed in
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134:Viceroyalty of the RĂo de la Plata
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417:Avalon Project – Yale Law School.
222:with him after his tour in Iraq.
344:To The Victor Belongs the Spoils
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308:Helmet and spurs of Saint Olaf
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203:as the taking of "trophies".
20:War trophies decorating the
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180:, as many as three million
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66:Indo-Pakistani war of 1965
218:for illegally bringing a
174:took the skulls and teeth
27:Saint-Louis-des-Invalides
238:Hague Convention of 1907
132:colours captured by the
53:is an item taken during
172:, some American troops
115:human trophy collecting
303:Trophy (architectural)
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153:the capture belonged.
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138:first British invasion
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64:A war trophy from the
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142:Santo Domingo convent
130:71st Regiment of Foot
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72:, India (a Pakistani
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162:Treaty of Versailles
42:Flag, trophy of the
406:. 28 November 2012.
105:) was originally a
236:Article 56 of the
193:Potsdam Conference
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136:troops during the
117:. The recovery of
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495:Victory monuments
214:was subject to a
212:Danny Nightingale
24:of the chapel of
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480:Aftermath of war
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189:Second World War
101:(from the Greek
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298:Trophy of arms
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269:United Nations
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168:". During the
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383:. Retrieved
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288:Prize of war
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146:Buenos Aires
119:Roman eagles
107:war memorial
91:ancient Rome
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293:Prize (law)
170:Pacific War
166:reparations
490:Law of war
464:Categories
385:2021-03-20
363:Looted art
315:References
240:, stated:
232:Looted art
230:See also:
201:euphemised
187:After the
178:occupation
74:M4 Sherman
51:war trophy
44:Winter War
95:standards
70:Longewala
475:Trophies
404:BBC News
380:Guns.com
283:War loot
276:See also
197:property
103:tropaion
500:Weapons
485:Looting
81:History
55:warfare
453:2007).
267:, the
265:UNESCO
191:, the
182:guntĹŤs
160:, the
99:trophy
220:Glock
144:, in
32:Paris
30:, in
22:vault
97:. A
89:and
85:In
68:at
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49:A
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