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934:, a key leader of the anti-Nazi movement, that overthrowing Hitler was simply something that they could not do and that he should find other officers to take part in the plot. Hitler called a meeting of the General Staff, where he declared that he would smash the West within a year. He also vowed to "destroy the spirit of Zossen", a threat that panicked Halder to such an extent that he forced the conspirators to abort their second planned coup attempt. On 7 November, following heavy snowstorms, Hitler put off X-Day until further notice, which removed Brauchitsch and Halder's primary motivation for the plot.
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Western powers that year. Brauchitsch reluctantly agreed to read the document to Hitler and did so in a meeting on 5 November. Brauchitsch attempted to talk Hitler into putting off X-day by saying that morale in the German Army was worse than in 1918. Brauchitsch went on to complain: "The aggressive spirit of the German infantry is sadly below the standard of the First World War ... certain symptoms of insubordination similar to those of 1917–18."
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758:(party head and de facto head of civil administration of the province). Koch was known as something of a crook who greatly enjoyed the power he possessed, and who would bring violence to his enemies. As neither Koch nor Brauchitsch wanted to lose their jobs in the region, the two attempted to keep their feud unofficial. As a result, Berlin hardly learned of their dispute.
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980:. After France had been occupied and divided, he and the rest of the high command were looking forward to a similarly easy and swift campaign against Great Britain, now seriously weakened by the French campaign. He was confident that Britain would be easily defeated: "We consider the victory already won. England remains secure, but only so long as we choose." Had
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got underway, his health was starting to fail. Even so, he continued his work, as he was determined to take Moscow before the start of winter. The army's failure to take Moscow earned Hitler's enmity, and things worsened for him, as he suffered a heart attack in
November. He was also informed that he
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started to consider overthrowing Hitler, who had fixed "X-day", the invasion of France, as 12 November 1939. Both officers believed that the invasion was doomed to fail. On 5 November 1939, the Army
General Staff prepared a special memorandum purporting to recommend against launching an attack on the
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be presented to OKH, Halder suggested transferring
Manstein somewhere to the east, excluding him from the planning process. Brauchitsch agreed and transferred him to Silesia. However, Hitler invited a group of officers to lunch, and Manstein was among them. He managed to present his plan directly to
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Brauchitsch's assignment in the
Artillery Department was to reorganize artillery formations and implement lessons learned in the closing months of the war. He added ideas of his own, including modifying the classification system for light, medium, and heavy artillery. Heavy artillery, formerly known
568:
in an infantry regiment. Alternative sources suggest that upon graduation he became a lieutenant in the Royal
Elizabeth Guard Grenadiers but got himself transferred from this "socialite outfit" to the Third Field Artillery Regiment. A medical condition made him unfit for service in the infantry, so
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had a long tradition of military service, and like his forefathers, Brauchitsch was raised in the tradition of the
Prussian officer corps. His family moved in the leading social circles of Berlin's high society, and his family name and father's military rank put him on equal footing with any officer
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In 1925, Brauchitsch met
Charlotte Rueffer, the daughter of a Silesian judge. He wanted a divorce, but his wife refused. Rueffer later married a bank director named Schmidt, who drowned in his bath during a visit to Berlin. When Brauchitsch returned from East Prussia in 1937, the pair resumed their
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in early April 1941, the
Germans committed some 337,000 men, 2,000 mortars, 1,500 artillery pieces, 1,100 anti-tank guns, 875 tanks and 740 other armoured fighting vehicles, all of which were under the overall command of Brauchitsch. By the end of the month, all of Yugoslavia and Greece were in
897:. What is commonly referred to as blitzkrieg did not develop until after the campaign in the west in June 1940. It was not the cause but rather the consequence of victory. Brauchitsch himself had to be convinced that armour could act independently at the operational level, before the campaign.
662:, but Brauchitsch managed to remain in service. He remained with the General Staff, where he had no opportunity to use his knowledge of artillery. Eventually, in 1920, he was permitted to transfer to the staff of the 2nd Artillery Regiment. The following year, he worked in the
887:", but blitzkrieg was not a theory or an official doctrine. The campaign did not resemble the popular perception of what became known as blitzkrieg. The Panzer divisions were spread thinly among the infantry and were not granted operational independence or grouped
815:. The homosexual allegations were in reality a trap set by Hitler as an excuse to dismiss one of the aristocratic senior officers within the Army High Command. Fritsch's removal was a severe test of the stability of the German internal administration of that time.
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Hitler. The following day, Hitler ordered
Brauchitsch to accept Manstein's plan, which the FĂĽhrer presented as his own. Despite his original scepticism, Brauchitsch eventually saw the plan's potential and felt that the army had a real chance of success in France.
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Die
Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des
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The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal
1053:(officers reserve), where he remained without assignment until the end of the war; he never saw Hitler again. He spent the last three years of the war living at his castle-like hunting lodge "Dreiröhren" in the
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Brauchitsch welcomed the Nazi policy of rearmament. The relationship between Hitler and Brauchitsch improved during Brauchitsch's confusion about whether to leave his wife for his mistress, in the middle of the
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In 1918, together with thousands of other officers, he was dismissed to the Reserve Corps. But the next year he was back as a major. The German military underwent a forced reduction in 1919 to comply with the
1014:
Brauchitsch ordered his army and commanders to cease criticism of racist Nazi policies, as harsh measures were needed for the "forthcoming battle of destiny of the German people". When Germany turned East and
1023:, Brauchitsch did not protest when Hitler gave the German army the same instructions as the SS on whom to kill in the occupied territory, but he later issued a series of decrees that ordered that
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characterizes Brauchitsch as "an outstanding professional who lived up to the traditions of his profession, but especially lacked the strength of personality to deal with Hitler". Historian
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came to power and began to expand the military, in order to realize Hitler's military ambitions. On 1 February 1933, Brauchitsch was named commander of the East Prussian military district (
867:
expected economic support from the Reich in return for his military collaboration. Fritsch had already told Brauchitsch that the Italian military was in "extremely poor fighting shape".
871:, Germany's Foreign Minister and the main architect of the Axis alliance, constantly interfered with Brauchitsch's efforts, as he wanted to see his work consolidated at all costs.
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855:
In the final months before World War II, Brauchitsch focused on Italy's potential to aid the Nazi military cause. In May 1939 he inspected the Italian military installations in
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930:, where he "arrived in such poor shape that at first he could only give a somewhat incoherent account of the proceedings." After that meeting, both Brauchitsch and Halder told
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Hitler flew into a rage, accusing the General Staff and Brauchitsch personally of disloyalty, cowardice, sabotage, and defeatism. He returned to the army headquarters at
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Brauchitsch was born in Berlin on 4 October 1881 as the sixth child of Bernhard Eduard von Brauchitsch, a cavalry general, and his wife, Charlotte Bertha von Gordon. The
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and became dependent on his financial help. Brauchitsch served as Commander-in-Chief of the German Army from February 1938 to December 1941. He played a key role in the
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against Hitler for which he denounced several former colleagues. Later, he excused himself to Halder, claiming he had been forced to do so to save a relative's life.
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844:, although he did not resist Hitler's plans for war, again preferring to refrain from politics. Yet in April 1939 Brauchitsch, together with Colonel General
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or official. In his teens, Brauchitsch was interested in politics and was fascinated by art. To help him pursue these interests, his father enrolled him at
786:", and informed Hitler of the disagreement. Brauchitsch claimed he had done his duty, saying laconically, "Civilians are not allowed to enter that area."
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In the aftermath of the failure at Moscow, Brauchitsch was dismissed as Commander-in-Chief of the German Army on 19 December and was transferred to the
782:
churches in the district. Even though Brauchitsch managed to prevent the SS replacement of the army troops in the region, Himmler categorized him as "a
670:
as "corps artillery", now became "reinforcement artillery". He also added emphasis on the combination and cooperation between artillery and infantry.
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describes him less sympathetically as a "spineless individual, who was frightened by Hitler. He was no person to lead any type of front or revolt."
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1085:. He was held until August 1948, when the British government announced that he would be brought to trial before a British military tribunal in the
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The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 – The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches
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Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile
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on 4 February 1938. At the time of this promotion Brauchitsch was also granted cabinet-level rank and authority, though not the formal title of
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In 1910, Brauchitsch married his first wife, Elizabeth von Karstedt, a wealthy heiress to 300,000 acres (1,200 km) (469 square miles) in
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495:, the Wehrmacht's attack on Moscow, Brauchitsch was dismissed as Commander-in-Chief. He spent the rest of the war in enforced retirement.
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891:, as they would be in the 1940 invasion of Western Europe. The operative method of the Wehrmacht in Poland followed the more traditional
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823:; Hitler set aside his usual anti-divorce sentiments and encouraged Brauchitsch to divorce and remarry. Hitler even lent him 80,000
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984:, the plan for the invasion of Britain, succeeded, Hitler intended to place Brauchitsch in charge of the new conquest. As the
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557:. During his time serving the empress at court, he learned manners and bearing that were noted for the rest of his life.
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2197:"German Field-Marshals: All for Trial as War Criminals". No. 51162. The Times (London). 28 August 1948. p. 4.
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Brauchitsch supported harsh measures against the Polish population, which he claimed were needed for securing German
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The German Invasion of Yugoslavia: Insights For Crisis Action Planning And Operational Art in A Combined Environment
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in June 1941, he again played a key part, making modifications to the original plan. Like his friend and colleague,
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1129:. They were divorced in 1938 after 28 years of marriage, as Brauchitsch had developed another romantic interest.
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After the surprisingly swift fall of France, Brauchitsch was promoted to field marshal in July 1940, during the
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so he could afford the divorce. Over time, Brauchitsch became largely reliant on Hitler for financial help.
545:, where in his final year he belonged to the top class for gifted students and was chosen, like his brother
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he was transferred to an artillery regiment. He was put in charge of training recruits in riding and
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planned to replace the army guards in East Prussia with SS men, with the purpose of persecuting
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The Knight's Cross Bearers of the German Wehrmacht 1939–1945 Part III: Infantry Volume 3: Br–Bu
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883:, Brauchitsch oversaw most plans. The Polish campaign was often cited as the first example of "
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After suffering a heart attack in November 1941 and being blamed by Hitler for the failure of
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in a British-controlled military hospital in Hamburg before facing trial for conspiracy and
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Die Ritterkreuzträger der Deutschen Wehrmacht 1939–1945 Teil III: Infanterie Band 3: Br–Bu
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In August 1945, Brauchitsch was arrested at his estate and imprisoned by the British at
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1897:"The Avalon Project, Nuremberg Trial Proceedings Vol. 10, Ninety-Eighth Day, page 468"
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2325:"The Avalon Project, Nuremberg Trial Proceedings Vol. 10, Ninety-Eight Day, page 468"
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I (Commander of the 1st military district) was expanded. Brauchitsch was promoted to
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439:. Born into an aristocratic military family, he entered army service in 1901. During
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1822:. Office of United States Chief of Counsel For Prosecution of Axis Criminality. 1946
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At the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, Brauchitsch had reached the rank of
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1061:. One of his few public comments after retirement was a statement condemning the
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443:, he served with distinction on the corps-level and division-level staff on the
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573:. He then joined the General Staff office in Berlin, where he was promoted to
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and Brauchitsch was appointed its first commanding general on 21 June 1935.
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1681:"German Generals: Brief Who's Who of the High Command of Nazidom's Army".
1559:"German Generals: Brief Who's Who of the High Command of Nazidom's Army".
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affair. They married immediately after Brauchitsch had divorced Karstedt.
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Grand Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary (military)
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1283:(30 September 1939) as Colonel General and Commander-in-Chief of the Army
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in October 1933. The staff of the 1st Division formed the staff of the
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2854:"Generalfeldmarschall Heinrich Alfred Hermann Walther von Brauchitsch"
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In Pursuit of Military Excellence; The Evolution of Operational Theory
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1817:"Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression, Volume IV, p. 725, Document 2098-PS"
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only if their anti-German sentiments were "especially recognizable".
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By early November 1939, Brauchitsch and Chief of the General Staff
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Hitler and Spain: The Nazi Role in the Spanish Civil War 1936-1939
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and appointed him the new army chief on the recommendation of the
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A dispute emerged a few years later when Brauchitsch learned that
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Although Brauchitsch felt at home in Prussia, he had a clash with
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After three years in the Artillery Department, he was promoted to
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by Hitler in commemoration of the occupation of Czechoslovakia.
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Walther von Brauchitsch (1881–1948). Eine politische Biographie
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was lost and so the plan was shelved and eventually cancelled.
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Germany: A Reference Guide from the Renaissance to the Present
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701:(promoted in 1928). In October 1931, Brauchitsch received his
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2819:"Balkan Operations Order of Battle German Forces April 1941"
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Operation Barbarossa: The German Invasion of Soviet Russia
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Saxe-Meiningen Honour Cross for War Merit (2 January 1918)
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in 1925. As of 1 November 1927, Brauchitsch was appointed
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2873:"Italian and German Officials..Will Go On to Libya Today"
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484:. For his part in the Battle of France, he became one of
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German Commander-in-Chief during World War II (1881–1948)
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2798:. United States Army Command and General Staff College.
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1981:
1969:
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and later transferred to a British military hospital in
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had a malignant cardiac disease, most likely incurable.
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Recipients of the Order of Michael the Brave, 1st class
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After the war, Brauchitsch was arrested on charges of
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Recipients of the clasp to the Iron Cross, 1st class
2471:
The Blitzkrieg Legend: The 1940 Campaign In the West
2327:. Lillian Goldman Law Library, Yale Law School. 2008
1899:. Lillian Goldman Law Library, Yale Law School. 2008
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1113:. The couple had a daughter and two sons, including
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Military personnel from the Province of Brandenburg
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1093:. However, he died, aged 67, on 18 October 1948 of
3645:Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
3595:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Cross of Liberty
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2405:
1487:
1468:
1230:Order of Merit of the Kingdom of Hungary 1st Class
990:could not gain the requisite air superiority, the
793:in 1936. When the Commander-in-Chief of the Army,
3020:Newspaper clippings about Walther von Brauchitsch
2833:
2540:Planning for Conflict in the Twenty-First Century
2429:The Conspiracy Against Hitler in the Twilight War
1610:
3630:Prisoners who died in British military detention
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2488:Harris, J. P. (1995). "The Myth of Blitzkrieg".
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413:(4 October 1881 – 18 October 1948) was a German
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941:Brauchitsch with Hitler in Warsaw, October 1939
411:Walther Heinrich Alfred Hermann von Brauchitsch
110:Walther Heinrich Alfred Hermann von Brauchitsch
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2717:] (in German). Scherzers Militaer-Verlag.
2604:Walther von Brauchitsch. A Political Biography
1934:
3655:Recipients of the Order of the Yugoslav Crown
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609:. Between 1914 and 1916, he took part in the
3600:Grand Cordons of the Order of the Rising Sun
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964:. Brauchitsch and Halder did not approve of
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2148:
1218:The Honour Cross of the World War 1914/1918
908:defence of the Polish Post Office in Danzig
533:, the military academy Brauchitsch attended
60:4 February 1938 – 19 December 1941
3165:
3151:
2839:"Brauchitsch, Heinrich Alfred Walther von"
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914:Invasion of Western Europe and the Balkans
31:
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1963:
945:While preparations were underway for the
486:twelve generals promoted to field marshal
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3126:4 February 1938 – 19 December 1941
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589:. He was appointed staff officer to the
560:Upon graduation in 1900 he received his
541:in Potsdam. He later transferred to the
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3580:German Army World War II field marshals
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2732:Thomas, Franz; Wegmann, GĂĽnter (1993).
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729:in Königsberg. As a consequence of the
506:in 1948 before he could be prosecuted.
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3123:Chief of the German Army High Command
2895:"Hitler Plans the Invasion of Britain"
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2642:Adolf Hitler: A Biographical Companion
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1999:
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1418:(General of Artillery) –1 October 1935
543:Hauptkadettenanstalt GroĂź Lichterfelde
531:Hauptkadettenanstalt GroĂź Lichterfelde
3605:Lieutenant generals of the Reichswehr
3570:Französisches Gymnasium Berlin alumni
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2104:British Broadcasting Corporation 2014
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1410:(Lieutenant General) – 1 October 1933
1295:Imperial Order of the Yoke and Arrows
645:, and ended the war with the rank of
48:Commander-in-Chief of the German Army
3575:German Army personnel of World War I
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3061:1 February 1933 – 1 April 1937
2759:. The University Press of Kentucky.
2688:The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich
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1784:
1772:
1753:
1710:
1695:
1625:
1498:
1481:
1362:(First Lieutenant) – 18 October 1909
1214:for 25 service years (17 April 1920)
953:, then serving as chief of staff of
1685:. 13 November 1939. pp. 39–43.
1563:. 13 November 1939. pp. 39–43.
1426:(Colonel General) – 4 February 1938
1354:(Second Lieutenant) – 22 March 1900
1300:Grand Cross of the Royal Bulgarian
1244:Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
454:, Brauchitsch was put in charge of
13:
2740:] (in German). Biblio-Verlag.
2664:War and Economy In the Third Reich
2454:] (in German). Podzun-Pallas.
2446:Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000) .
1386:(Lieutenant Colonel) – 1 June 1923
1251:Order of the White Rose of Finland
652:
14:
3671:
3093:21 June 1935 – 1 April 1937
3013:
2387:The Origins of the Final Solution
1242:Grand Cross of the Royal Italian
910:, rejecting the clemency appeal.
801:, Hitler promoted Brauchitsch to
789:Brauchitsch obtained the rank of
3565:Deaths from pneumonia in Germany
3522:
3505:
3477:
3285:Eduard Freiherr von Böhm-Ermolli
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
2899:British Broadcasting Corporation
2389:. University of Nebraska Press.
1402:(Major General) – 1 October 1931
1343:
1104:
523:rather than a military academy.
399:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
290:
277:
264:
246:
191:
2606:] (in German). Peter Lang.
2317:
2190:
1889:
1809:
1674:
1445:Corruption within the Wehrmacht
1281:Knights Cross of the Iron Cross
874:
836:, Brauchitsch opposed Hitler's
708:
666:, in the Artillery Department.
537:In 1895 Brauchitsch joined the
212:
187:
3625:People indicted for war crimes
3610:Military personnel from Berlin
2979:"Werner von Haeften 1908–1944"
2564:. W. W. Norton & Company.
1552:
1434:(Field Marshal) – 19 July 1940
1309:Royal Hungarian Order of Merit
968:. When Manstein demanded that
842:intervention in Czechoslovakia
637:. Brauchitsch was awarded the
580:
521:Französisches Gymnasium Berlin
466:borrowed immense sums of money
435:during the first two years of
1:
2404:Biesinger, Joseph A. (2006).
2244:German Historical Museum 2014
1450:
1339:1st Class (26 September 1942)
1330:Order of the Cross of Liberty
1163:
1136:Brauchitsch was the uncle of
1069:Postwar confinement and death
509:
3560:Deaths from bronchopneumonia
2938:"Polish Theatre: Blitzkrieg"
2914:"Interview with Ian Kershaw"
2469:Frieser, Karl-Heinz (2005).
2412:. Facts on File Publishing.
1592:Encyclopædia Britannica 2014
1370:(Captain) – 18 December 1913
1314:Grand Cross of the Romanian
1224:Wehrmacht Long Service Award
1042:
615:Battle of the Argonne Forest
7:
3024:20th Century Press Archives
2755:Whealey, Robert H. (1989).
2666:. Oxford University Press.
2427:Deutsch, Harold C. (1968).
1438:
1328:Grand Cross of the Finnish
1325:1st Class (20 October 1941)
1263:Order of the Yugoslav Crown
1237:German Red Cross Decoration
1203:House Order of Hohenzollern
978:1940 Field Marshal Ceremony
643:House Order of Hohenzollern
10:
3676:
2579:Kirchubel, Robert (2013).
2502:10.1177/096834459500200306
2369:
1316:Order of Michael the Brave
1226:1st Class (2 October 1936)
1156:, who were members of the
1117:, who later served in the
664:Ministry of the Reichswehr
627:Second Battle of the Aisne
3423:
3381:
3265:
3250:
3224:
3189:
3128:
3121:
3110:
3095:
3084:
3078:
3063:
3051:
3040:
3035:
2998:"Walther von Brauchitsch"
2960:"Walther von Brauchitsch"
2794:Zajac, Daniel L. (1993).
2517:Hart, William E. (1944).
2473:. Naval Institute Press.
2297:Thomas & Wegmann 1993
2118:, pp. 563, 569, 570.
1730:Thomas & Wegmann 1993
1669:Thomas & Wegmann 1993
1547:Thomas & Wegmann 1993
1311:with Swords (31 May 1941)
1304:with Swords (15 May 1941)
1205:with Swords (15 May 1917)
1179:
735:Befehlshaber im Wehrkreis
619:Third Battle of the Aisne
404:
394:
344:
332:
324:
304:
259:
254:
242:
231:
223:
166:
156:
136:
105:
100:
96:
86:
74:
64:
53:
46:
42:
30:
23:
3132:FĂĽhrer und Reichskanzler
2983:German Historical Museum
2692:. Simon & Schuster.
2640:Nicholls, David (2000).
2598:Löffler, Jürgen (2001).
2431:. Minnesota University.
2383:Browning, Christopher R.
1394:(Colonel) – 1 April 1928
1271:with Clasp (7 June 1939)
1195:with Swords (7 May 1915)
1017:invaded the Soviet Union
932:Carl Friedrich Goerdeler
799:accused of homosexuality
555:Empress Augusta Victoria
549:five years before, as a
151:British-occupied Germany
3635:Prussian Army personnel
3492:Walther von Brauchitsch
3391:Robert Ritter von Greim
3323:Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb
3293:Walther von Brauchitsch
2964:Encyclopædia Britannica
2707:Scherzer, Veit (2007).
1337:Order of the Rising Sun
1275:Clasp to the Iron Cross
1265:1st Class (1 June 1939)
1138:Manfred von Brauchitsch
1121:during World War II as
1099:crimes against humanity
1087:British occupation zone
1057:mountains southwest of
478:invasions of Yugoslavia
476:and oversaw the German
357:Meuse-Argonne Offensive
25:Walther von Brauchitsch
3406:Wolfram von Richthofen
3100:General der Artillerie
3068:General der Artillerie
2621:Naveh, Shimon (1997).
2542:. Praeger Publishing.
2538:Hanley, Brian (2007).
1415:General der Artillerie
1378:(Major) – 15 July 1918
1150:Hans Bernd von Haeften
957:, produced his famous
942:
869:Joachim von Ribbentrop
603:34th Infantry Division
534:
464:military district. He
177:Elizabeth von Karstedt
3368:Maximilian von Weichs
2775:Wheeler-Bennett, John
2583:. Osprey Publishing.
1611:Helmut Krausnick 2014
1302:Order of St Alexander
1297:, Grand Cross in 1940
1115:Bernd von Brauchitsch
940:
838:annexation of Austria
832:Like Colonel General
733:the command position
683:6th Infantry Division
631:Battle of Armentières
623:Aisne-Marne offensive
601:, he served with the
529:
452:Nazi seizure of power
325:Years of service
236:Adolf von Brauchitsch
3348:Walter von Reichenau
3256:Generalfeldmarschall
3190:Marshal of the Reich
2779:The Nemesis of Power
2075:Wheeler-Bennett 1967
2060:Wheeler-Bennett 1967
2045:Wheeler-Bennett 1967
2030:Wheeler-Bennett 1967
1431:Generalfeldmarschall
1288:Military Merit Cross
1010:Operation Barbarossa
791:general of artillery
660:Treaty of Versailles
607:Guards Reserve Corps
416:Generalfeldmarschall
374:Operation Barbarossa
338:Generalfeldmarschall
309:Imperial German Army
190: 1910;
3373:Erwin von Witzleben
3275:Werner von Blomberg
3047:Werner von Blomberg
2946:. 25 September 1939
2562:Hitler: A Biography
2234:, pp. 115–116.
2163:, pp. 604–605.
2094:, pp. 137–139.
2077:, pp. 471–472.
2032:, pp. 470–472.
2017:, pp. 349–350.
2002:, pp. 339–340.
1990:, pp. 233–234.
1978:, pp. 128–130.
1935:New York Times 1939
1925:, pp. 116–117.
1886:, pp. 115–117.
1874:, pp. 114–116.
1806:, pp. 111–112.
1787:, pp. 110–111.
1756:, pp. 108–109.
1307:Grand Cross of the
1249:Grand Cross of the
1095:bronchial pneumonia
962:("sickle cut") plan
894:Vernichtungsgedanke
725:) and chief of the
37:Brauchitsch in 1939
3620:Nazi war criminals
3363:Ferdinand Schörner
3358:Gerd von Rundstedt
3333:Erich von Manstein
3117:Werner von Fritsch
2682:Shirer, William L.
1698:, p. 105-106.
1257:Golden Party Badge
1239:(5 September 1938)
1220:(18 December 1934)
1154:Werner von Haeften
951:Erich von Manstein
943:
881:invasion of Poland
850:Golden Party Badge
848:, was awarded the
795:Werner von Fritsch
739:lieutenant general
731:German re-armament
675:lieutenant colonel
641:1st Class and the
635:Battle of Flanders
535:
516:Brauchitsch family
425:Commander-in-Chief
384:Invasion of Poland
81:Werner von Fritsch
3660:Silesian nobility
3465:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3419:
3418:
3396:Albert Kesselring
3318:Georg von KĂĽchler
3313:GĂĽnther von Kluge
3222:
3221:
3141:
3140:
3129:Succeeded by
3104:Georg von KĂĽchler
3096:Succeeded by
3072:Georg von KĂĽchler
3064:Succeeded by
3036:Military offices
2835:Krausnick, Helmut
2747:978-3-7648-1734-3
2724:978-3-938845-17-2
2699:978-0-671-72868-7
2673:978-0-19-820599-9
2571:978-0-393-06757-6
2519:Hitler's Generals
2461:978-3-7909-0284-6
2396:978-0-8032-5979-9
1862:, pp. 35–36.
1323:War Victory Cross
1318:(11 October 1941)
1269:Sudetenland Medal
1158:German resistance
1148:driver, and also
1089:, most likely in
992:Battle of Britain
982:Operation Sealion
807:Army High Command
593:, stationed near
502:, but he died of
493:Operation Typhoon
408:
407:
205:Charlotte Rueffer
3667:
3535:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3518:
3510:
3509:
3508:
3498:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3473:
3436:
3435:
3343:Friedrich Paulus
3308:Ewald von Kleist
3289:
3263:
3262:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3202:
3201:
3167:
3160:
3153:
3144:
3143:
3111:Preceded by
3079:Preceded by
3041:Preceded by
3033:
3032:
3008:
3006:
3004:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2974:
2972:
2970:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2920:. Archived from
2909:
2907:
2905:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2830:
2828:
2826:
2821:. Leo Niehorster
2807:
2790:
2770:
2751:
2728:
2703:
2691:
2677:
2655:
2636:
2617:
2594:
2575:
2553:
2534:
2513:
2484:
2465:
2442:
2423:
2411:
2400:
2364:
2358:
2349:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2321:
2315:
2309:
2300:
2294:
2259:
2253:
2247:
2241:
2235:
2229:
2223:
2220:Island Farm 2007
2217:
2211:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2152:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2119:
2113:
2107:
2101:
2095:
2089:
2078:
2072:
2063:
2057:
2048:
2042:
2033:
2027:
2018:
2012:
2003:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1950:
1944:
1938:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1893:
1887:
1881:
1875:
1869:
1863:
1857:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1821:
1813:
1807:
1801:
1788:
1782:
1776:
1770:
1757:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1733:
1727:
1714:
1708:
1699:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1678:
1672:
1666:
1629:
1623:
1614:
1608:
1595:
1589:
1580:
1574:
1565:
1564:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1538:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1502:
1496:
1485:
1479:
1466:
1460:
1290:1st Class (1939)
1259:(20 April 1939).
1246:(3 January 1939)
1232:(20 August 1938)
1170:Helmut Krausnick
1160:against Hitler.
1036:Battle of Moscow
947:Battle of France
865:Benito Mussolini
768:Heinrich Himmler
611:Battle of Verdun
575:first lieutenant
539:military academy
474:Battle of France
429:Oberbefehlshaber
379:Battle of France
362:Battle of Verdun
296:
294:
293:
283:
281:
280:
270:
268:
267:
255:Military service
250:
216:
214:
195:
193:
189:
143:
119:
117:
101:Personal details
89:
77:
58:
35:
21:
20:
3675:
3674:
3670:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3665:
3664:
3540:
3539:
3538:
3528:
3523:
3521:
3511:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3497:sister projects
3494:at Knowledge's
3488:
3478:
3476:
3468:
3466:
3457:
3425:
3415:
3377:
3287:
3252:
3246:
3218:
3195:Reichsmarschall
3191:
3185:
3171:
3137:
3125:
3119:
3106:
3092:
3082:
3074:
3060:
3049:
3016:
3011:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2987:
2985:
2968:
2966:
2949:
2947:
2927:
2925:
2924:on 5 April 2016
2903:
2901:
2884:
2882:
2862:
2860:
2843:
2841:
2824:
2822:
2767:
2748:
2725:
2700:
2674:
2652:
2633:
2614:
2591:
2572:
2550:
2481:
2462:
2439:
2420:
2397:
2372:
2367:
2359:
2352:
2344:
2340:
2330:
2328:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2310:
2303:
2295:
2262:
2254:
2250:
2242:
2238:
2230:
2226:
2218:
2214:
2206:
2202:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2183:
2179:
2171:
2167:
2159:
2155:
2149:Niehorster 2014
2147:
2143:
2135:
2122:
2114:
2110:
2102:
2098:
2090:
2081:
2073:
2066:
2058:
2051:
2043:
2036:
2028:
2021:
2013:
2006:
1998:
1994:
1986:
1982:
1974:
1970:
1962:
1953:
1949:, pp. 132.
1945:
1941:
1933:
1929:
1921:
1912:
1902:
1900:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1882:
1878:
1870:
1866:
1858:
1835:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1802:
1791:
1783:
1779:
1771:
1760:
1752:
1748:
1740:
1736:
1728:
1717:
1709:
1702:
1694:
1690:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1667:
1632:
1624:
1617:
1609:
1598:
1590:
1583:
1575:
1568:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1545:
1541:
1533:
1529:
1521:
1517:
1509:
1505:
1497:
1488:
1480:
1469:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1441:
1407:Generalleutnant
1346:
1253:(10 March 1939)
1193:Friedrich Order
1182:
1166:
1144:"Silver Arrow"
1107:
1071:
1045:
1012:
916:
877:
803:colonel general
764:ReichsfĂĽhrer-SS
711:
695:Weimar Republic
655:
653:Weimar Republic
583:
512:
450:After the 1933
390:
317:
311:
291:
289:
288:
285:Weimar Republic
278:
276:
275:
265:
263:
219:
218:
215: 1938)
210:
206:
198:
197:
194: 1938)
185:
181:
178:
145:
141:
140:18 October 1948
121:
115:
113:
112:
111:
87:
75:
59:
54:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3673:
3663:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3537:
3536:
3534:from Wikiquote
3519:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3463:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3450:
3444:
3442:
3433:
3424:Grand Admirals
3421:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3387:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3303:Wilhelm Keitel
3300:
3295:
3290:
3282:
3280:Fedor von Bock
3277:
3271:
3269:
3260:
3251:Field Marshals
3248:
3247:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3214:Hermann Göring
3210:
3208:
3199:
3187:
3186:
3179:Grand Admirals
3175:Field Marshals
3170:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3147:
3139:
3138:
3130:
3127:
3120:
3112:
3108:
3107:
3097:
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3083:
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3065:
3062:
3050:
3042:
3038:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3015:
3014:External links
3012:
3010:
3009:
2994:
2975:
2956:
2934:
2910:
2891:
2878:New York Times
2869:
2850:
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2808:
2791:
2771:
2765:
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2746:
2729:
2723:
2710:Bundesarchives
2704:
2698:
2678:
2672:
2660:Overy, Richard
2656:
2651:978-0874369656
2650:
2637:
2631:
2618:
2612:
2595:
2590:978-1472804716
2589:
2576:
2570:
2554:
2549:978-0313345555
2548:
2535:
2514:
2490:War in History
2485:
2479:
2466:
2460:
2443:
2438:978-0816657438
2437:
2424:
2419:978-0816045211
2418:
2401:
2395:
2378:
2377:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2365:
2363:, p. 315.
2350:
2348:, p. 240.
2338:
2316:
2314:, p. 313.
2301:
2260:
2248:
2236:
2224:
2212:
2208:Kirchubel 2013
2200:
2189:
2187:, p. 221.
2177:
2165:
2153:
2141:
2120:
2108:
2096:
2079:
2064:
2062:, p. 472.
2049:
2047:, p. 471.
2034:
2019:
2004:
1992:
1980:
1968:
1966:, p. 288.
1964:Biesinger 2006
1951:
1939:
1927:
1910:
1888:
1876:
1864:
1833:
1808:
1789:
1777:
1775:, p. 110.
1758:
1746:
1744:, p. 184.
1734:
1715:
1713:, p. 107.
1700:
1688:
1673:
1630:
1628:, p. 105.
1615:
1596:
1581:
1566:
1551:
1539:
1527:
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1503:
1501:, p. 102.
1486:
1484:, p. 103.
1467:
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1447:
1440:
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1387:
1383:Oberstleutnant
1379:
1371:
1363:
1355:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1333:
1332:(19 July 1942)
1326:
1319:
1312:
1305:
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1284:
1278:
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1266:
1260:
1254:
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1215:
1209:
1206:
1199:Knight's Cross
1196:
1189:
1181:
1178:
1165:
1162:
1123:Hermann Göring
1106:
1103:
1070:
1067:
1044:
1041:
1021:Wilhelm Keitel
1011:
1008:
1006:German hands.
915:
912:
876:
873:
846:Wilhelm Keitel
812:Reichsminister
743:1st Army Corps
710:
707:
679:Chief of Staff
654:
651:
591:XVI Army Corps
582:
579:
511:
508:
406:
405:
402:
401:
396:
392:
391:
389:
388:
387:
386:
381:
376:
366:
365:
364:
359:
348:
346:
342:
341:
334:
330:
329:
326:
322:
321:
306:
305:Branch/service
302:
301:
261:
257:
256:
252:
251:
244:
240:
239:
233:
229:
228:
225:
221:
220:
208:
204:
203:
202:
201:
183:
179:
176:
175:
174:
173:
170:
168:
164:
163:
158:
154:
153:
144:(aged 67)
138:
134:
133:
120:4 October 1881
109:
107:
103:
102:
98:
97:
94:
93:
90:
84:
83:
78:
72:
71:
66:
62:
61:
51:
50:
44:
43:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3672:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
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3588:
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3583:
3581:
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3556:
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3533:
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3520:
3516:
3515:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3493:
3485:
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3474:
3471:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3422:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3168:
3163:
3161:
3156:
3154:
3149:
3148:
3145:
3136:
3133:
3124:
3118:
3115:
3114:Generaloberst
3109:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3091:
3090:
3089:
3088:I. Armeekorps
3077:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3053:Commander of
3048:
3045:
3044:Generaloberst
3039:
3034:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3018:
3017:
2999:
2995:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2935:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2870:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2820:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2781:. Macmillan.
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2766:0-8131-1621-X
2762:
2758:
2753:
2749:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2730:
2726:
2720:
2716:
2711:
2705:
2701:
2695:
2690:
2689:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2647:
2643:
2638:
2634:
2632:0-7146-4727-6
2628:
2624:
2619:
2615:
2613:3-631-37746-0
2609:
2605:
2601:
2596:
2592:
2586:
2582:
2577:
2573:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2545:
2541:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2523:Cresset Press
2520:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2486:
2482:
2480:1-59114-294-6
2476:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2444:
2440:
2434:
2430:
2425:
2421:
2415:
2410:
2409:
2402:
2398:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2379:
2375:
2374:
2362:
2357:
2355:
2347:
2346:Scherzer 2007
2342:
2326:
2320:
2313:
2308:
2306:
2299:, p. 49.
2298:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2257:
2256:Eurozine 2014
2252:
2245:
2240:
2233:
2228:
2221:
2216:
2210:, p. 98.
2209:
2204:
2193:
2186:
2185:Browning 2007
2181:
2175:, p. 76.
2174:
2173:Browning 2007
2169:
2162:
2157:
2150:
2145:
2139:, p. 50.
2138:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2117:
2112:
2105:
2100:
2093:
2088:
2086:
2084:
2076:
2071:
2069:
2061:
2056:
2054:
2046:
2041:
2039:
2031:
2026:
2024:
2016:
2011:
2009:
2001:
1996:
1989:
1984:
1977:
1972:
1965:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1948:
1943:
1936:
1931:
1924:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1898:
1892:
1885:
1880:
1873:
1868:
1861:
1860:Nicholls 2000
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1818:
1812:
1805:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1786:
1781:
1774:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1755:
1750:
1743:
1738:
1732:, p. 48.
1731:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1712:
1707:
1705:
1697:
1692:
1684:
1683:Life Magazine
1677:
1671:, p. 50.
1670:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1627:
1622:
1620:
1612:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1593:
1588:
1586:
1579:, p. 45.
1578:
1573:
1571:
1562:
1561:Life Magazine
1555:
1549:, p. 46.
1548:
1543:
1537:, p. 34.
1536:
1531:
1525:, p. 41.
1524:
1519:
1513:, p. 34.
1512:
1507:
1500:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1483:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1465:, p. 32.
1464:
1459:
1455:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1423:Generaloberst
1420:
1417:
1416:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1344:Dates of rank
1338:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1212:Service Award
1210:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1142:Mercedes-Benz
1139:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1105:Personal life
1102:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1050:FĂĽhrerreserve
1040:
1037:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1007:
1004:
1000:
995:
993:
989:
988:
983:
979:
974:
971:
970:Sichelschnitt
967:
966:Sichelschnitt
963:
961:
960:Sichelschnitt
956:
952:
948:
939:
935:
933:
929:
924:
921:
911:
909:
905:
904:
898:
896:
895:
890:
886:
882:
872:
870:
866:
862:
858:
853:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
830:
828:
827:
822:
821:Munich Crisis
816:
814:
813:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
787:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
766:
765:
759:
757:
756:
751:
746:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
706:
704:
703:major general
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
671:
667:
665:
661:
650:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
578:
576:
572:
567:
563:
558:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
532:
528:
524:
522:
517:
507:
505:
501:
496:
494:
489:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
462:East Prussian
459:
458:
453:
448:
446:
445:Western Front
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
421:Field Marshal
418:
417:
412:
403:
400:
397:
393:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
371:
370:
367:
363:
360:
358:
355:
354:
353:
350:
349:
347:
343:
340:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
320:
316:
315:
310:
307:
303:
299:
286:
273:
272:German Empire
262:
258:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
234:
230:
226:
222:
200:
199:
172:
171:
169:
165:
162:
159:
157:Resting place
155:
152:
148:
139:
135:
132:
131:German Empire
128:
124:
108:
104:
99:
95:
91:
85:
82:
79:
73:
70:
67:
63:
57:
52:
49:
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
3529:
3517:from Commons
3512:
3491:
3453:Erich Raeder
3440:Kriegsmarine
3427:
3411:Hugo Sperrle
3401:Erhard Milch
3353:Erwin Rommel
3338:Walter Model
3328:Wilhelm List
3292:
3254:
3193:
3183:Nazi Germany
3135:Adolf Hitler
3131:
3122:
3113:
3098:
3086:
3085:
3066:
3054:
3052:
3043:
3001:. Retrieved
2986:. Retrieved
2967:. Retrieved
2950:25 September
2948:. Retrieved
2941:
2926:. Retrieved
2922:the original
2902:. Retrieved
2883:. Retrieved
2881:. 2 May 1939
2876:
2861:. Retrieved
2842:. Retrieved
2823:. Retrieved
2795:
2778:
2756:
2737:
2733:
2713:
2708:
2687:
2663:
2644:. ABC-CLIO.
2641:
2625:. Francass.
2622:
2603:
2599:
2580:
2561:
2558:Kershaw, Ian
2539:
2518:
2493:
2489:
2470:
2451:
2447:
2428:
2407:
2386:
2361:Löffler 2001
2341:
2329:. Retrieved
2319:
2312:Löffler 2001
2251:
2239:
2227:
2215:
2203:
2192:
2180:
2168:
2161:Kershaw 2008
2156:
2144:
2116:Kershaw 2008
2111:
2099:
2015:Frieser 2005
1995:
1983:
1971:
1947:Whealey 1989
1942:
1930:
1901:. Retrieved
1891:
1879:
1867:
1824:. Retrieved
1811:
1780:
1749:
1737:
1691:
1682:
1676:
1577:Löffler 2001
1560:
1554:
1542:
1535:Deutsch 1968
1530:
1523:Löffler 2001
1518:
1511:Löffler 2001
1506:
1463:Löffler 2001
1458:
1429:
1421:
1413:
1405:
1399:Generalmajor
1397:
1389:
1381:
1373:
1365:
1359:Oberleutnant
1357:
1349:
1235:Star of the
1191:WĂĽrttemberg
1167:
1135:
1131:
1118:
1108:
1083:MĂĽnsterlager
1072:
1063:20 July plot
1048:
1046:
1033:
1013:
996:
985:
975:
969:
965:
959:
955:Army Group A
944:
925:
920:Franz Halder
917:
901:
899:
892:
888:
878:
875:World War II
854:
831:
824:
817:
810:
788:
762:
760:
753:
752:, the local
747:
734:
727:1st Division
715:Adolf Hitler
712:
709:Nazi Germany
672:
668:
656:
584:
559:
542:
536:
530:
513:
497:
490:
470:Adolf Hitler
455:
449:
437:World War II
428:
415:
410:
409:
369:World War II
345:Battles/wars
336:
312:
298:Nazi Germany
142:(1948-10-18)
92:Adolf Hitler
88:Succeeded by
69:Adolf Hitler
55:
18:
3555:1948 deaths
3550:1881 births
3448:Karl Dönitz
3429:GroĂźadmiral
3298:Ernst Busch
3056:Wehrkreis I
2858:Island Farm
2092:Hanley 2007
2000:Harris 1995
1742:Shirer 1960
1174:Ian Kershaw
1111:Brandenburg
1079:South Wales
1075:Island Farm
1027:were to be
879:During the
834:Ludwig Beck
826:Reichsmarks
723:Wehrkreis I
705:promotion.
599:World War I
581:World War I
441:World War I
433:German Army
352:World War I
319:German Army
300:(1933–1941)
287:(1918–1933)
274:(1900–1918)
76:Preceded by
3544:Categories
3531:Quotations
3288:(honorary)
3003:20 October
2904:30 October
2844:1 November
2825:1 November
2496:(3): 335.
2137:Zajac 1993
1988:Overy 1995
1976:Naveh 1997
1451:References
1186:Iron Cross
1168:Historian
1164:Assessment
1146:Grand Prix
1140:, a 1930s
1025:Commissars
999:Yugoslavia
949:, General
903:Lebensraum
885:blitzkrieg
776:Protestant
750:Erich Koch
719:Nazi Party
691:Westphalia
639:Iron Cross
633:, and the
566:lieutenant
562:commission
510:Early life
500:war crimes
314:Reichswehr
260:Allegiance
161:Salzgitter
116:1881-10-04
65:Chancellor
3484:Biography
3383:Luftwaffe
3206:Wehrmacht
2928:20 August
2863:20 August
2510:159933010
2232:Hart 1944
1923:Hart 1944
1884:Hart 1944
1872:Hart 1944
1804:Hart 1944
1785:Hart 1944
1773:Hart 1944
1754:Hart 1944
1711:Hart 1944
1696:Hart 1944
1626:Hart 1944
1499:Hart 1944
1482:Hart 1944
1367:Hauptmann
1335:Japanese
1119:Luftwaffe
1043:Dismissal
987:Luftwaffe
861:La Spezia
755:Gauleiter
713:In 1933,
597:. During
577:in 1909.
504:pneumonia
457:Wehrkreis
431:) of the
243:Signature
238:(brother)
232:Relatives
56:In office
2918:Eurozine
2885:27 April
2804:32251097
2777:(1967).
2715:Archives
2684:(1960).
2662:(1995).
2560:(2008).
2385:(2007).
2331:24 April
1903:24 April
1826:23 April
1439:See also
1351:Leutnant
1293:Spanish
1286:Spanish
1127:adjutant
889:en masse
780:Catholic
717:and the
224:Children
3173:German
3026:of the
3022:in the
2988:29 June
2969:29 June
2376:Printed
2370:Sources
1321:Slovak
1201:of the
1091:Hamburg
1034:As the
699:colonel
687:MĂĽnster
681:of the
587:captain
571:driving
460:I, the
328:1900–41
217:
209:
196:
184:
180:
167:Spouses
147:Hamburg
127:Prussia
3470:Portal
2812:Online
2802:
2787:711310
2785:
2763:
2744:
2721:
2696:
2670:
2648:
2629:
2610:
2587:
2568:
2546:
2531:644906
2529:
2508:
2477:
2458:
2435:
2416:
2393:
1391:Oberst
1180:Awards
1059:Prague
1003:Greece
928:Zossen
859:, and
797:, was
784:junker
629:, the
625:, the
621:, the
482:Greece
423:) and
395:Awards
295:
282:
269:
123:Berlin
3514:Media
2736:[
2712:[
2602:[
2506:S2CID
2450:[
1820:(PDF)
1375:Major
857:Libya
647:major
564:as a
547:Adolf
468:from
211:(
207:
186:(
182:
3267:Heer
3177:and
3005:2014
2990:2014
2971:2014
2952:2007
2943:Time
2930:2014
2906:2014
2887:2018
2865:2007
2846:2014
2827:2014
2800:OCLC
2783:OCLC
2761:ISBN
2742:ISBN
2719:ISBN
2694:ISBN
2668:ISBN
2646:ISBN
2627:ISBN
2608:ISBN
2585:ISBN
2566:ISBN
2544:ISBN
2527:OCLC
2475:ISBN
2456:ISBN
2433:ISBN
2414:ISBN
2391:ISBN
2333:2021
1905:2021
1828:2021
1152:and
1055:Brdy
1029:shot
1001:and
840:and
778:and
772:Jews
613:and
605:and
595:Metz
551:page
480:and
333:Rank
192:div.
137:Died
106:Born
3181:of
3028:ZBW
2498:doi
1125:'s
1077:in
685:in
553:by
3546::
2981:.
2962:.
2940:.
2916:.
2897:.
2875:.
2856:.
2837:.
2525:.
2521:.
2504:.
2492:.
2353:^
2304:^
2263:^
2123:^
2082:^
2067:^
2052:^
2037:^
2022:^
2007:^
1954:^
1913:^
1836:^
1792:^
1761:^
1718:^
1703:^
1633:^
1618:^
1599:^
1584:^
1569:^
1489:^
1470:^
1101:.
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