Vegetarianism and religion

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that vegetarianism is such an important facet of Hindu practice in light of the fact that animal sacrifice was a significant and much valued Hindu Vedic ritual for ages. Guru Nanak in his writings clearly rejected both sides of the arguments—on the virtues of vegetarianism or meat eating—as banal and so much nonsense, nor did he accept the idea that a cow was somehow more sacred than a horse or a chicken. He also refused to be drawn into a contention on the differences between flesh and greens, for instance. History tells us that to impart this message, Nanak cooked meat at an important Hindu festival in Kurukshetra. Having cooked it he certainly did not waste it, but probably served it to his followers and ate himself. History is quite clear that Guru Hargobind and Guru Gobind Singh were accomplished and avid hunters. The game was cooked and put to good use, to throw it away would have been an awful waste

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VI requested all Zoroastrians to be vegetarians: "ku.san enez a-on ku urwar xwarishn bawed shmah mardoman ku derziwishn bawed, ud az tan i gospand pahrezed, ce amar was, e.g. Ohrmaz i xwaday hay.yarih i gospand ray urwar was dad." Meaning: They hold this also: Be plant eaters (urwar xwarishn) (i.e. vegetarian), O you, men, so that you may live long. Keep away from the body of cattle (tan i gospand), and deeply reckon that Ohrmazd, the Lord has created plants in great number for helping cattle (and men)."

207:. Ahimsa aims to prevent the accumulation of such karma. Jains consider nonviolence to be the most essential religious duty for everyone (ahinsā paramo dharmaḥ, a statement often inscribed on Jain temples). Their scrupulous and thorough way of applying nonviolence to everyday activities, and especially to food, shapes their entire lives and is the most significant hallmark of Jain identity. Jains do not practice animal sacrifice as they consider all sentient beings to be equal. 290:

enslave themselves to suffering. Hinduism holds that such influences affect the person who permits the slaughter of an animal, the person who kills it, the person who cuts it up, the person who sells it, the person who buys it, the person who cooks it, the person who serves it up, and the person who eats it. They must all be considered the slayers of the animal. The question of religious duties towards the animals and of negative karma incurred from violence (

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mountain leek), although in modern times this rule is often interpreted to include other vegetables of the onion genus, as well as coriander – this is called pure vegetarianism or veganism (純素, chúnsù). Pure vegetarianism or veganism is Indic in origin and is still practiced in India by some adherents of Dharmic religions such as Jainism and in the case of Hinduism, lacto-vegetarianism with the additional abstention of pungent or fetid vegetables.

243: 22: 1020: 1326:, the son of the founder of the religion, noted that a vegetarian diet consisting of fruits and grains was desirable, except for people with a weak constitution or those that are sick. He stated that there are no requirements that Baháʼís become vegetarian, but that a future society would gradually become vegetarian. 'Abdu'l-Bahá also stated that killing animals was somewhat contrary to compassion. While 569:, a disciple of the Buddha named Mahamati asks "ou teach a doctrine that is flavoured with compassion. It is the teaching of the perfect Buddhas. And yet we eat meat nonetheless; we have not put an end to it." An entire chapter is devoted to the Buddha's response, wherein he lists a litany of spiritual, physical, mental, and emotional reasons why meat eating should be abjured. However, according to 656: 598:

when monks from the Indian geographical sphere of influence migrated to China from the year 65 CE on, they met followers who provided them with money instead of food. From those days onwards Chinese monastics, and others who came to inhabit northern countries, cultivated their own vegetable plots and bought food in the market. This remains the dominant practice in China,

1202:). Muslims who can afford to do so sacrifice domestic animals (usually sheep, but also camels, cows, and goats). According to the Quran, a large portion of the meat has to be given towards the poor and hungry, and every effort is to be made to see that no impoverished Muslim is left without sacrificial food during the days of feasts like Eid-ul-Adha. On the other hand, 1164:, an ascetic Jewish sect. The present academic consensus is that Jesus was not an Essene. There is no historical record of Jesus' precise attitudes to animals, but there is a strand in his ethical teaching about the primacy of mercy to the weak, the powerless and the oppressed, which Walters and Portmess argue can also refer to captive animals. 1175:, do not maintain that Jesus himself was a vegetarian, but instead argue that many practices which occur in the contemporary industrialized farming system, such as the mass culling of day-old male-chicks in the egg industry, are incompatible with the life of peace and love to which Jesus called his followers. 289:

influences which result from violence. The suffering of all beings is believed to arise from craving and desire, conditioned by the karmic effects of both animal and human action. The violence of slaughtering animals for food, and its source in craving, reveal flesh eating as one mode in which humans

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recommended a vegetarian diet for his followers because he held that it helps one to avoid certain impurities: "Killing an animal for sport, pleasure or food means catching all its bad impressions, since the motive is selfish....Impressions are contagious. Eating meat is prohibited in many spiritual

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The Pahlavi scriptures state that in the final stages of the world, when the final Saviour Saoshyant arrives, man will become more spiritual and gradually give up meat eating. Vegetarianism is stated to be the future state of the world in Pahlavi scriptures – Atrupat-e Emetan in Iran in Denkard Book

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states "And God said: Behold, I have given you every herb yielding seed which is upon the face of all the earth, and every tree that has seed-yielding fruit—to you it shall be for food," indicating that God's original plan was for mankind to be vegan. According to some opinions, the whole world will

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In China, Korea, Vietnam, Taiwan, and their respective diaspora communities, monks and nuns are expected to abstain from meat and, traditionally, eggs and dairy, in addition to the fetid vegetables – traditionally garlic, Allium chinense, asafoetida, shallot, and Allium victorialis (victory onion or

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urged the Buddha to make complete abstinence from meat compulsory, the Buddha refused, maintaining that "monks would have to accept whatever they found in their begging bowls, including meat, provided that they had not seen, had not heard, and had no reason to suspect that the animal had been killed

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from killing people or animals. The matter of whether this forbids Buddhists from eating meat has long been a matter of debate, however, as vegetarianism is not a given in all schools of Buddhism. The first Buddhist monks and nuns were forbidden from growing, storing, or cooking their own food. They

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The Mahabharata (12.260; 13.115–116; 14.28) and the Manu Smriti (5.27–55) contain lengthy discussions about the legitimacy of ritual slaughter and subsequent consumption of the meat. In the Mahabharata both meat eaters and vegetarians present various arguments to substantiate their viewpoints. Apart

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As a true Vaisnavite Kabir remained a strict vegetarian. Kabir far from defying Brahmanical tradition as to the eating of meat, would not permit so much, as the plucking of a flower (G.G.S. p. 479), whereas Nanak deemed all such scruples to be superstitions, Kabir held the doctrine of Ahinsa or the

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Mahayana lay Buddhists often eat vegetarian diets on the vegetarian dates (齋期 zhāi qī). There are different arrangement of the dates, from several days to three months in each year, in some traditions, the celebration of the bodhisattva Avalokitesvara's birthday, enlightenment and leaving home days

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Throughout the whole country the people do not kill any living creature, nor drink intoxicating liquor, nor eat onions or garlic. The only exception is that of the Chandalas. That is the name for those who are (held to be) wicked men, and live apart from others. ... In that country they do not keep

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on a permanent basis, lay practitioners often eat vegetarian on the 1st (new moon), 8th, 14th, 18th, 23rd, 24th, 28th, 29th and 30th days of the lunar calendar. In accordance with their Buddhist peers, and because many people are both Taoist and Buddhist, they often also eat lenten on the 15th day

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Throughout Sikh history, there have been movements or subsects of Sikhism which have espoused vegetarianism. I think there is no basis for such dogma or practice in Sikhism. Certainly Sikhs do not think that a vegetarian's achievements in spirituality are easier or higher. It is surprising to see

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Some suggest that the rise of monasteries in Mahayana tradition to be a contributing factor in the emphasis on vegetarianism. In the monastery, food was prepared specifically for monks. In this context, large quantities of meat would have been specifically prepared (killed) for monks. Henceforth,

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which implies advocacy of "not just a vegetarian, but a vegan lifestyle"; however, numerous scholars over the centuries have concluded that the Śūraṅgama Sūtra is a forgery. Moreover, in the Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra, the same sutra which records his retraction of permission to eat meat, the

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from the debates about domestic animals, there is also a long discourse by a hunter in defence of hunting and meat eating. These texts show that both ritual slaughter and hunting were challenged by advocates of universal non-violence and their acceptability was doubtful and a matter of dispute.

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However, it is strange that now-a-days in the Community-Kitchen attached to the Sikh temples, and called the Guru's Kitchen (or, Guru-ka-langar) meat-dishes are not served at all. May be, it is on account of its being, perhaps, expensive, or not easy to keep for long. Or, perhaps the Vaishnava

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This chapter on meat-eating is another later addition to the text, which was probably done earlier than the Rāvaṇa chapter. It already appears in the Sung, but of the three Chinese versions it appears here in its shortest form, the proportion being S = 1, T = 2, W = 3. It is quite likely that

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monks, and sometimes practiced by members of the general population during Taoist festivals and fasting days. It is similar to Chinese Buddhist vegetarianism. Varying levels of abstinence among Taoists and Taoist-influenced people include veganism, veganism without root vegetables, lacto-ovo

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Buddha explicitly identifies as "beautiful foods" honey, milk, and cream, all of which are eschewed by vegans. However, in several other Mahayana scriptures, too (e.g., the Mahayana jatakas), the Buddha is seen clearly to indicate that meat-eating is undesirable and karmically unwholesome.

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Buddhism, where monasteries were in remote mountain areas and the distance to the nearest towns made daily alms rounds impractical. There, Buddhist monks and nuns could cultivate their crops, store their harvests, cook their meals, and accept money to buy foodstuffs in the market.

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organization promoting veganism as "God's ideal diet", and the Shamayim V'Aretz Institute, which promotes a vegan diet in the Jewish community through animal welfare activism, kosher veganism, and Jewish spirituality. One source of advocacy for Jewish vegetarianism in Israel is

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for 'subtle life forms'; minuscule organisms). The goal is to cause as little violence to living things as possible, hence they avoid eating roots, tubers such as potatoes, garlic and anything that involves uprooting (and thus eventually killing) a plant to obtain food.

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so that the meat could be given to them". There were prohibitions on specific kinds of meat: meat from humans, meat from royal animals such as elephants or horses, meat from dogs, and meat from dangerous animals like snakes, lions, tigers, panthers, bears and hyenas.

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non-destruction of life, which extended even to that of flowers. The Sikh Gurus, on the contrary, allowed and even encouraged, the use of animal flesh as food. Nanak has exposed this Ahinsa superstition in Asa Ki War (G.G.S. p. 472) and Malar Ke War (G.G.S. p. 1288)

305:, the predecessor of Hinduism, meat-eating was not banned in principle, but was restricted by specific rules. Several highly authoritative scriptures bar violence against domestic animals except in the case of ritual sacrifice. This view is clearly expressed in the 1430:(full moon). Taoist vegetarianism is similar to Chinese Buddhist vegetarianism, however, its roots reach to pre-Buddhist times. Believers historically abstained from animal products and alcohol before practicing Confucian, Taoist and Chinese folk religion rites. 3301:"If you are a vegetarian and an animal right activist are you still required to follow the animal sacrifice ritual of Eid-al-Adha? If you do not does that make you a bad muslim in any way? Plus are there alternative methods of showing your gratitude to God?" 1414:

vegetarianism, and pescetarianism. Taoist vegetarians also tend to abstain from alcohol and pungent vegetables such as garlic and onions during lenten days. Non-vegetarian Taoists sometimes abstain from beef and water buffalo meat for many cultural reasons.

1310:", which eschews the eating of food that has been artificially preserved, flavoured, or chemically altered in any way. Some Rastafari consider it to also forbid the eating of meat but the majority will not eat pork at the very least, considering it unclean. 1251:

was also famously a vegetarian. In January 1996, The International Vegetarian Union announced the formation of the Muslim Vegetarian/Vegan Society. There is also a Vegan Muslim Initiative, founded in 2017. They encourage Muslims to try a vegan diet during

581:, this chapter on meat eating is a "later addition to the text....It is quite likely that meat-eating was practiced more or less among the earlier Buddhists, which was made a subject of severe criticism by their opponents. The Buddhists at the time of the 1448:(Meaning Sky, Earth and Spirit) is the doctrinal book of those who follow Faithism. The precepts for behavior can be found throughout the book which include" a herbivorous diet (vegan, vegetable food only), peaceful living (no warring or violence; 1381:, was first taught eating meat by the evil one who came to him in the guise of a cook. This was the start of an age of great evil for Persia. Prior to this, in the Golden age of mankind in the days of the great Aryan Kings, man did not eat meat. 119:

pigs and fowls, and do not sell live cattle; in the markets there are no butchers' shops and no dealers in intoxicating drink. In buying and selling commodities they use cowries. Only the Chandalas are fishermen and hunters, and sell flesh meat.

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relied entirely on the generosity of alms to feed themselves, and were not allowed to accept money to buy their own food. They could not make special dietary requests, and had to accept whatever food alms givers had available, including meat.

96:, vegetarianism is less commonly viewed as a religious obligation, although in all these faiths there are groups actively promoting vegetarianism on religious and humanitarian grounds, and many other faiths hold vegetarian and 1646: 671:, homeplace for most Sikhs, has the third highest percent of vegetarians out of all 29 Indian states. There are two views on initiated or "Amritdhari Sikhs" and meat consumption. "Amritdhari" Sikhs (i.e., those who follow the 780:, which includes references to a herbivore diet. While vegetarianism has not traditionally been viewed as mainstream in these traditions, some Jews, Christians, and Muslims practice and advocate vegetarianism. 1088:

and the use of animal products for any purpose, although some of them say it is not required. Other groups point instead to allegedly explicit prophecies of temple sacrifices in the Messianic Kingdom, e.g.

1256:, making it a "Veganadan". Proponents of vegetarianism in Islam have pointed to the teachings in the Quran and the Hadith which instruct kindness and compassion towards animals as well as avoiding excess: 806:

regarded vegetarianism as a moral ideal, and a number of modern Jewish groups and Jewish religious and cultural authorities have promoted vegetarianism. Groups advocating for Jewish vegetarianism include

1334:(the governing body of the Baháʼís) have stated that these teachings do not constitute a Baháʼí practice and that Baháʼís can choose to eat whatever they wish, but to be respectful of others' beliefs. 736:

O Pandit, you do not know where did flesh originate! It is water where life originated and it is water that sustains all life. It is water that produces grains, sugarcane, cotton and all forms of life.

1456:, service to others, angelic assistance, spiritual communion, and communal living when it is feasible to do so. Freedom and responsibility are two themes reiterated throughout the text of Oahspe. 4096: 1437:

and oyster products or otherwise be pescetarian for some believers. Many lay Taoists who follow modern sects such as that of Yi Guan Dao or Master Ching Hai are vegan or strictly vegetarian.

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In modern India, the food habits of Hindus vary according to their community or caste and according to regional traditions. Hindu vegetarians usually eschew eggs but consume milk and

1765: 221:

Hinduism has a wide variety of practices and beliefs that have changed over time. Only some sects of Hindus observe vegetarianism, an estimated 33% of all Hindus are vegetarians.

1330:, the head of the Baháʼí Faith in the first half of the 20th century, stated that a purely vegetarian diet would be preferable since it avoided killing animals, both he and the 2840:

Eric Baratay, l'anthropocentrisme du christianisme occidental, Si les lions pouvaient parler, essais sur la condition animale, sous la direction de Boris Cyrulnik, Gallimard,

345:, a c. 5th-century-CE secular text of Hindu or Jain origin, insists on moral vegetarianism or veganism. These texts strongly condemn the slaughter of animals and meat eating. 1277:"A good deed done to an animal is as meritorious as a good deed done to a human being, while an act of cruelty to an animal is as bad as an act of cruelty to a human being." 3458: 459:

the Hindu goddess Gadhimai, is honoured every five years with the slaughter of 250,000 animals. This practice was banned from 2015. Bali sacrifice today is common at the

2485:

meat-eating was practised more or less among the earlier Buddhists, which was made a subject of severe criticism by their opponents. The Buddhists at the time of the

45:

The practice of vegetarianism is strongly linked with a number of religious traditions worldwide. These include religions that originated in India, such as Hinduism,

4144: 1045:(although shellfish and other non-vertebrate products are generally considered acceptable during some periods of this time); vegan fasting is particularly common in 5079: 2258: 5407: 5111: 1493: 4181: 726:(any ritually slaughtered meat) meat because of the Sikh belief that sacrificing an animal in the name of God is mere ritualism (something to be avoided). 641::147) states that "There are no accurate statistics, but I would guess—and it is only a guess—that worldwide about half of all Buddhists are vegetarian". 3913: 2628:

The ideas of devotion and service in Vaishnavism have been accepted by Adi Granth, but the insistence of Vaishnavas on vegetarian diet has been rejected.

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institutes an outright ban on meat. The majority of Indians eat meat and only about 30% of India's 1.2 billion population practices lacto-vegetarianism.

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Kalechofsky, Roberta. Rabbis and Vegetarianism: An Evolving Tradition. Micah Publications. Massachusetts, 1995. pp. 16, 54, 55, 65, 66, 68, 70, 71.

2163: 1244:, established vegetarianism as the norm for his followers and meat products are not permitted at the legacy fellowship center or farm. The former 1417:

Vegetarianism in the Taoist tradition is similar to that of Lent in the Christian tradition. While highly religious people such as monks may be

3811: 3785: 3759: 2691: 7587: 4837: 2280: 1730: 2431: 1160:. Some Christian vegetarians, such as Keith Akers, argue that Jesus himself was a vegetarian. Akers argues that Jesus was influenced by the 7567: 7534: 7012: 732:

states that all living beings are connected. Even meat comes from the consumption of vegetables, and all forms of life are based on water.

565:, the Buddha revoked this permission to eat meat and warned of a Dark Age when false monks would claim that they were allowed meat. In the 3938: 3732: 3045: 2986: 2100: 1757: 1513:

disciplines because therein the person catches the impressions of the animal, thus rendering himself more susceptible to lust and anger."

455:

tradition has a custom of animal sacrifice. The ritual sacrifice normally forms part of a festival to honour a Hindu god. For example, in

7794: 7717: 3690: 3484: 1001:

era, and not eating meat brings the world closer to that ideal. As the ideal images of the Torah are vegetarian, one may see the laws of

187:. No use or consumption of products obtained from dead animals is allowed. Moreover, Jains try to avoid unnecessary injury to plants and 2327: 375:. According to a survey of 2006, vegetarianism is weak in coastal states and strong in landlocked northern and western states and among 53:. With close to 85% of India's billion-plus population practicing these religions, India remains the country with the highest number of 7391: 4378: 3209: 969:(the injunction not to cause 'pain to living creatures'). Many Jewish vegetarians are particularly concerned about cruel practices in 5375: 5199: 2757: 2729: 3331: 3137: 7777: 7680: 7629: 5025: 4383: 4174: 7782: 7604: 7489: 5612: 2663: 1126: 3889: 3412: 2141: 798:

vegetarianism is not often viewed as mainstream, a number of Jews have argued for Jewish vegetarianism. Medieval rabbis such as

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explicitly prohibits eating of some kinds of meat, especially pork. However, one of the most important Islamic celebrations,

576: 3091: 2857: 2054: 1261:"Transgress not in the balance, and weigh with justice, and skimp not in the balance...earth, He set it down for all beings" 637:

do not practice vegetarianism. All Buddhists, including monks, are allowed to practice vegetarianism if they wish to do so.

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The Word of Wisdom: the Forgotten Verses A discussion of Latter-day Saint (LDS or Mormon) beliefs and vegetarian principles

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It is referred to by the English word "vegetarian"; however, though it rejects meat, eggs, and milk, this diet may include

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think that being a vegetarian for reasons other than health is un-Islamic and it is a form of emulation of the infidels (

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Religious Studies Route A: Religious, Philosophical and Ethical studies and Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism and Sikhism

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where it states that such offerings are eaten, what may contradict the very purpose of Jesus' purportedly sufficient

4108: 1708:(1886). "On To Mathura Or Muttra. Condition And Customs Of Central India; Of The Monks, Viharas, And Monasteries.". 667:

Some followers of Sikhism do not have a preference for meat or vegetarian consumption. However, the Indian state of

7809: 7727: 7712: 7544: 7005: 6783: 6215: 4918: 4785: 1073: 1221:). On the other hand, the Rishi order in Kashmir were historically described as abstaining from meat consumption. 7722: 7707: 7609: 7514: 7499: 7207: 7182: 7107: 6400: 5974: 5359: 5327: 1624: 7747: 7737: 7685: 7670: 7665: 7549: 7494: 7484: 7431: 7242: 7227: 7072: 6915: 6455: 5010: 4995: 4938: 3327: 1816: 562: 321:'s maxim that "Nonviolence is the highest duty and the highest teaching," as advocating a vegetarian diet. The 3910: 3389: 2789: 2564: 1866:

Hindu Manners, Customs and Ceremonies: The Classic First Hand Account of India in the Early Nineteenth Century

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Diet for Transcendence (formerly published as Food for the Spirit): Vegetarianism and the World Religions

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Young, Richard Alan. Is God a Vegetarian?. Carus Publishing Company. Chicago, 1999. pp. 4, 7, 56, 117.

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Schwartz, Richard H. Judaism and Vegetarianism. Lantern Books. New York, 2001. pp. 1, 12, 16, 19, 188.

2740: 1331: 1093:, where so-called peace offerings and so-called freewill offerings are said that will be offered, and 1005:

as actually designed to wean Jews away from meat eating and to move them toward the vegetarian ideal.

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have indicated their preference for a simple diet, which could include meat or not. Passages from the

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Hindus have romanticized fishermen and the consumption of fish through poetry, literature, and music.

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Certain Islamic orders are mainly vegetarian; many Sufis maintain a vegetarian diet. Some Muslims in

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which lasted till about 500 BCE according to the chronological division by modern historians. In the

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Mary L. Zamore, ed. The Sacred Table: Creating a Jewish Food Ethic (New York, NY: CCAR Press, 2011).

2688: 993: 259: 128:, Chinese pilgrim to India (4th/5th century CE), A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms (translated by 7458: 7453: 7386: 7339: 7212: 7152: 7127: 7112: 6823: 6798: 6682: 6185: 6075: 5484: 5000: 4815: 4658: 4342: 4297: 1548: 1373:

is respect and kindness towards all living things and condemnation of cruelty against animals. The

1023: 199:

Every act by which a person directly or indirectly supports killing or injury is seen as violence (

54: 6385: 3345: 946: 942: 179:, literally "non-injuring"). Vegetarianism is considered mandatory for everyone. Jains are either 7411: 7299: 7279: 7232: 7217: 7052: 6945: 6537: 6055: 5255: 5151: 4970: 4495: 4457: 4327: 4312: 4217: 2427: 1014: 3716: 3646: 3638: 3205: 3041: 7401: 7366: 7304: 7294: 7274: 7202: 7057: 7042: 7037: 6330: 6230: 5914: 5659: 5311: 5263: 5247: 4810: 4805: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4490: 4332: 4287: 3933: 3674: 3100: 2978: 2860:, Reprinted with permission from "Contemporary Halakhic Problems, Volume III", KTAV Publishers. 2575: 2303: 2110: 1481: 1134: 907: 476: 6622: 4641: 3488: 3459:"APJ Abdul Kalam's Death Anniversary: 10 Lesser Known Facts About the 11th President of India" 2815: 1837: 1094: 7463: 7426: 7421: 7376: 7361: 7324: 7314: 7284: 7192: 7177: 7147: 7092: 7047: 6960: 6752: 6667: 6420: 6085: 5764: 5391: 5175: 4537: 4522: 4442: 4247: 1891: 1538: 1184: 1130: 927: 911: 702:(the holy book of Sikhs, also known as the Adi Granth) say that fools argue over this issue. 3712: 2295: 1496:, focused on articles related to neopaganism and vegetarianism, it was edited by the author 1323: 613:

In the modern Buddhist world, attitudes toward vegetarianism vary by location. In China and

7468: 7448: 7252: 7237: 7097: 7087: 6803: 6657: 6572: 6480: 6335: 6145: 6005: 5580: 5271: 5239: 5127: 5119: 5030: 4980: 4532: 4337: 2331: 1563: 1369:, a sect of Zoroastrianism, explicitly promoted vegetarianism. One of the main precepts in 1248: 1034: 978: 931: 843: 789: 680: 265: 248: 93: 2726: 2298:

Hindus: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices (Library of Religious Beliefs and Practices)

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Some Jewish vegetarians have pointed out that Adam and Eve were not allowed to eat meat.

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https://web.archive.org/web/20120518014142/http://www.innernet.org.il/article.php?aid=107

1709: 1284:"O sons of wisdom, do not turn your stomachs into graveyards for animals (Daiif Hadith)." 1157: 1077: 923: 919: 887: 867: 831: 372: 314: 180: 77: 6440: 6135: 5979: 2870: 7247: 7222: 7122: 7102: 7082: 6874: 6864: 6778: 6707: 6642: 6592: 6450: 6160: 6015: 5789: 5295: 5143: 5005: 4975: 4755: 4745: 4527: 4472: 4322: 3593: 3566: 3104: 2526: 2518: 2015: 2006:

Dharani, D. (2018). "Medicine in Thirukkural, The Universal Veda of Tamil Literature".

1833: 1558: 1245: 1153: 1050: 773: 714:, 'greed') involves a drain on the Earth's resources and thus on life. The tenth guru, 672: 329:(sin) was born when creatures started to devour one another from want of food and that 149: 2667: 7157: 6788: 6672: 6542: 6532: 6527: 6425: 6165: 6140: 6045: 6030: 5995: 5939: 5889: 5844: 5794: 5749: 5699: 5596: 5524: 5492: 5476: 5460: 5135: 5087: 4867: 4680: 4317: 4264: 4049: 4034: 4016: 3995: 3980: 3946: 3885: 3753: 3722: 3680: 3650: 3598: 3368: 3231: 3070: 3023: 2841: 2821: 2765: 2642: 2619: 2594: 2530: 2473: 2307: 2296: 2229: 2204: 2179: 2133: 1962: 1926: 1897: 1870: 1843: 1736: 1237: 1210:

and is not obligatory: even caliphs have used non-animal means of sacrifice for Eid.

1046: 859: 851: 741: 715: 699: 566: 338: 3274: 3248: 1961:. State University of New York Press. New York, 2001. pp. 41, 42, 61, 62, 187, 191. 1084:(or veganism) and encourage these practices as preferred lifestyles or as a tool to 1081: 7077: 6950: 6940: 6879: 6793: 6742: 6712: 6687: 6647: 6557: 6315: 6295: 6220: 6035: 5869: 5824: 5779: 5744: 5645: 5638: 5588: 5556: 5444: 5223: 4985: 4740: 4653: 4505: 3588: 3578: 3300: 2510: 1672: 1598: 1528: 1523: 1472:

concerns as well as the welfare and rights of animals. Vegetarian practitioners of

1406: 1355: 895: 883: 660: 618: 310: 294:) against them is discussed in detail in Hindu scriptures and religious law books. 216: 204: 34: 5809: 3859: 2032: 481: 165:, and this makes the Jains prefer food that inflicts the least amount of violence. 154: 6955: 6894: 6884: 6859: 6702: 6632: 6627: 6597: 6512: 6470: 6340: 6310: 6300: 6260: 6250: 6190: 6150: 6130: 6080: 6040: 6010: 5969: 5964: 5734: 5709: 5564: 5335: 5207: 4953: 4887: 4547: 4254: 4148: 4130: 4112: 4100: 4069: 3942: 3917: 3095: 3088: 2744: 2733: 2695: 2579: 2568: 2058: 2051: 2039: 1864: 1492:

as sources for the Pagan view of vegetarianism. During the 1970s the publication

1394: 1149: 970: 875: 863: 707: 650: 590: 585:

did not like it, hence this addition in which an apologetic tone is noticeable."

558: 76:

it is promoted by scriptures and religious authorities but not mandatory. In the

6869: 4076:, foreword by Isaac Bashevis Singer (Badger, California: Torchlight Books, 1997) 2393: 2358: 2070:

Alsdorf pp. 572–577 (for the Manu Smriti) and pp. 585–597 (for the Mahabharata).

1787: 1397:

promotes vegetarianism deeming it the "most healthful and virtuous way to eat".

830:

has named 75 contemporary rabbis who encourage veganism for all Jews, including

6977: 6972: 6967: 6662: 6637: 6612: 6445: 6290: 6270: 6235: 6180: 6170: 6120: 6115: 6025: 6000: 5954: 5899: 5864: 5849: 5819: 5814: 5739: 5724: 5704: 5694: 5468: 5367: 5215: 5183: 4948: 4857: 4584: 4422: 4409: 4363: 4222: 4123: 3670: 2952: 2699: 2489:

did not like it, hence this addition in which an apologetic tone is noticeable.

1370: 1351: 1327: 1138: 1106: 998: 974: 903: 835: 777: 684: 634: 393: 389: 38: 4135: 2713:

by Gyani Sher Singh (PhD), Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee. Amritsar:

2281:"Thousands of Animals Have Been Saved in Nepal as Mass Slaughter is Cancelled" 1225:

has been said to have subsisted on a 90% plant-based diet, largely made up of

691:, Rarionwalay, etc.) are vehemently against the consumption of meat and eggs. 7824: 6925: 6828: 6732: 6617: 6582: 6567: 6435: 6415: 6375: 6365: 6350: 6325: 6320: 6275: 6200: 6125: 6090: 5949: 5919: 5879: 5714: 5689: 5500: 4832: 4775: 4417: 4279: 4269: 4242: 4227: 4194: 4159: 4105: 3969: 1497: 986: 954: 847: 668: 546: 490: 368: 65: 3182: 385:

showed that as few as one third of upper-caste Indians could be vegetarian.

6889: 6833: 6818: 6813: 6727: 6717: 6607: 6602: 6507: 6475: 6430: 6280: 6100: 6020: 5944: 5929: 5909: 5904: 5884: 5874: 5799: 5774: 5759: 5729: 5604: 5343: 5303: 5020: 5015: 4903: 4842: 4730: 4648: 4636: 4589: 4510: 4447: 4432: 4237: 4232: 3602: 3510: 2465: 1241: 962: 891: 765: 440: 359:. Devout Lingayats do not consume beef or meat of any kind including fish. 298: 85: 4081:

Holy Cow: The Hare Krishna Contribution to Vegetarianism and Animal Rights

3547: 3305:

Ask the scholar, Islamic question and answer website of shaikh Ahmad kutty

3151: 6722: 6697: 6577: 6562: 6517: 6465: 6460: 6345: 6245: 6225: 6210: 6195: 6175: 6095: 6060: 5859: 5834: 5829: 5804: 5784: 5769: 5719: 4958: 4685: 4626: 4574: 4552: 4462: 4452: 4136:

What Gives Us the Right to Kill Animals? – A Jewish view on Vegetarianism

3116: 2201:

The Oxford India companion to sociology and social anthropology, Volume 1

1715: 1477: 1468:

communities, however many do follow a vegetarian diet often connected to

1426: 1347: 1194: 1156:. Cowherd encouraged members to abstain from eating of meat as a form of 1114: 1102: 935: 915: 871: 855: 839: 803: 799: 334: 322: 318: 306: 276: 129: 3390:"Vegan and Muslim: Why I kept my plant-based diet secret from my family" 3018: 3016: 2019: 525:, still follow these strictures today. These strictures were relaxed in 6935: 6773: 6747: 6677: 6587: 6552: 6547: 6502: 6360: 6155: 6065: 5631: 5548: 5423: 4943: 4872: 4852: 4710: 4690: 4467: 4302: 4059: 3929: 3583: 2522: 2472:. Buddhist Tradition Series. Vol. 40. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. 1821:

Riches and Renunciation. Religion, economy, and society among the Jains

1509: 1489: 1485: 1469: 1418: 1122: 1118: 1042: 899: 879: 827: 812: 808: 729: 723: 703: 695: 676: 428: 356: 3756:"Extracts from The Writings Concerning Health, Healing, and Nutrition" 3065: 3063: 675:, the Official Sikh Code of Conduct) can eat meat (provided it is not 6265: 5934: 5839: 5532: 4877: 4735: 4675: 3013: 2390:"Nirvana Sutra: Appreciation of the "Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra"" 2105: 1616: 1374: 1366: 1303: 1226: 1214: 630: 550: 506: 502: 448: 379:

in general, 85% of whom are lacto-vegetarians. In 2018, a study from

352: 30: 3721:. Wilmette, Illinois, US: Baháʼí Publishing Trust (published 1982). 2514: 1953: 1951: 1949: 451:, and so forth condemn animal sacrifice and consider it a sin. Only 242: 6990: 6737: 4990: 4821: 4725: 4209: 4190: 4154: 4118: 3060: 2785: 2561: 2546:

The Rhetoric of Immediacy. A Cultural Critique of Chan/Zen Buddhism

1465: 1449: 1240:, who founded the Bawa Muhaiyaddeen Fellowship of North America in 1222: 1110: 1062: 688: 629:, some schools do not eat meat, while most do. Most Theravadins in 538: 514: 510: 494: 444: 424: 192: 184: 107: 73: 69: 4119:

The Fellowship of Life archive of British activism since the 1970s

3679:(5th ed.). Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. 3616: 6808: 5652: 5516: 4631: 4427: 1946: 1862: 1543: 1409:: sù shí) refers to a particular restricted diet associated with 1253: 1161: 1038: 1002: 614: 599: 518: 436: 432: 376: 170: 137: 81: 61: 50: 46: 21: 2896: 1172: 5854: 4882: 4715: 4695: 4609: 4604: 4515: 2926: 2562:"Misconceptions About Eating Meat – Comments of Sikh Scholars," 1869:. Henry K. Beauchamp. Courier Dover Publications. p. 110. 1705: 1694:. Westport: Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 3–14, 97–99, 232–233. 1679:. Albany: State University of New York Press. pp. 123–167. 1453: 1445: 1434: 1410: 1230: 1207: 1019: 821: 817: 769: 761: 750: 452: 405: 397: 281: 175: 159: 125: 1476:

will often see their standpoint as a natural extension of the

1080:, take a literal interpretation of the Biblical prophecies of 6522: 4700: 4670: 4599: 4594: 1605:. Albany: State University of New York Press. pp. 37–91. 1473: 1464:

There is no set teaching on vegetarianism within the diverse

1422: 1378: 1307: 1270:"Whoever is kind to the creatures of God is kind to himself." 1189: 958: 886:. Other rabbis who have promoted vegetarianism have included 719: 626: 622: 534: 530: 526: 460: 456: 342: 333:

always destroys every creature " It is also reflected in the

286: 233: 101: 97: 89: 26: 4064:

Food for the Gods: Vegetarianism & the World's Religions

2927:"Ohn-Bar Guesthouse in Amirim – About the village and hikes" 2737: 4720: 4665: 4621: 4542: 3754:

The Research Department of the Universal House of Justice.

2073: 1480:. Organizations like SERV refer to the historic figures of 985:, responding to what he considers abuses within the kosher 914:. Other notable advocates of Jewish vegetarianism include 795: 776:) all have strong connections to the Biblical ideal of the 711: 522: 464: 401: 1358:. The religion prohibited slaughtering or eating animals. 1152:

in 1809, were one of the philosophical forerunners of the

941:

Jewish vegetarians often cite Jewish principles regarding

3935:

Sparks of the Truth: From the Dissertations of Meher Baba

2042:. Mahabharata 12.260 s 12.268 according to another count. 1168: 655: 5080:

An Essay on Abstinence from Animal Food, as a Moral Duty

2572: 2061:. Mahabharata 3.199 is 3.207 according to another count. 981:

has raised these concerns in the short documentary film

2641:

by Dr. Gopal Singh, World Sikh University Press, Delhi

2092: 1280:– Hadith: Mishkat al-Masabih; Book 6; Chapter 7, 8:178 561:

strongly denounce the eating of meat. According to the

4094:

Buddhist Resources on Vegetarianism and Animal Welfare

3966:

Religious Vegetarianism: From Hesiod to the Dalai Lama

3782:"MANICHEISM i. GENERAL SURVEY – Encyclopaedia Iranica" 3006: 3004: 2164:"The Hindu – Changes in the Indian menu over the ages" 1978:

Mahabharata 3.199 is 3.207 according to another count.

1959:

Religious Vegetarianism: From Hesiod to the Dalai Lama

1689: 1291:"Beware of meat, for meat can be as addictive as wine" 1287:– Hadith: Fayd al-Qadīr Sharh al-Jami' as-Saghīr 2/52 679:). "Amritdharis" who belong to some Sikh sects (e.g., 5112:

Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes

1677:

Religious Vegetarianism From Hesiod to the Dalai Lama

1603:

Religious Vegetarianism From Hesiod to the Dalai Lama

4066:(Pythagorean Publishers. May 1998. 978-096261692.1) 3886:"geraldgardner.com - Letters to Earth Religion News" 3711: 3567:"Religion and Animal Welfare—An Islamic Perspective" 1671: 1597: 961:

diet. Some Jews point to legal principles including

285:) applied to animals is connected to avoid negative 158:

The food choices of Jains are based on the value of

3123:, The Rosicrucian Fellowship (publisher), 492 pages 3001: 1061:. This tradition greatly influenced the cuisine of 3992:The Great Compassion: Buddhism & Animal Rights 2384: 2382: 2380: 1863:Antoine Dubois, Jean; Carrie Chapman Catt (2002). 1148:, a Christian vegetarian sect founded by Reverend 2897:"The Shamayim V'Aretz Institute | מכון שמים וארץ" 2501:Hurvitz, Leon (May 1967). "The Surangama Sutra". 2228:. Vol. 33 to 50. Anmol, India. p. 854. 2098: 1889: 1554:Religious restrictions on the consumption of pork 1167:Other, more recent Christians movements, such as 485:Buddhist influenced Korean vegetarian side dishes 467:. However, animal sacrifice is illegal in India. 317:(8.15.1). For instance, many Hindus point to the 309:(3.199.11–12; 13.115; 13.116.26; 13.148.17), the 7822: 3609: 2293: 1842:(Edition: 2 ed.). SUNY Press. p. 165. 1350:was a religion established by the Iranian named 575:harvcoltxt error: no target: CITEREFSuzuki2004 ( 108:Religions originating in the Indian subcontinent 4013:Rabbis and Vegetarianism: An Evolving Tradition 3669: 3448:Bawa Muhaiyaddeen Fellowship web-site Farm page 2901:The Shamayim V'Aretz Institute | מכון שמים וארץ 2428:"Lankavatara Sutra – The Faults of Eating Meat" 2377: 2328:"Leading a Buddhist Life and the Five Precepts" 1617:"What Do You Know of the Akhand Kirtani Jatha?" 1318:While there are no dietary restrictions in the 718:, prohibited the Sikhs from the consumption of 411: 4189: 2618:by Surindar Singh Kohli, Singh Bros. Amritsar 2166:. Archived from the original on 26 August 2010 606:hold the highest importance to be vegetarian. 7006: 4838:Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine 4175: 2979:"74 Rabbis Urge Jewish Community to Go Vegan" 663:, all people eat a vegetarian meal as equals. 427:. The majority of the sects of Hinduism like 16:Religious practices involving not eating meat 4015:. (Micah Publications. Massachusetts, 1995. 3532: 3530: 3528: 3367:. Srinagar: Gulshan Publishers. p. 75. 2689:Vegetarianism and Meat-Eating in 8 Religions 1832: 1026:, vegetarian and one of the founders of the 3617:"Is the Meat Industry an Offense to Islam?" 2251:"Hindu sacrifice of 250,000 animals begins" 2223: 2084:sfn error: no target: CITEREFIshwaran1983 ( 7013: 6999: 4182: 4168: 4048:(Carus Publishing Company. Chicago, 1999. 3945:. Myrtle Beach: Sheriar Press. pp. 24–25. 3645:. Oxford: Oneworld Publications. pp. 3643:A concise encyclopedia of the Baháʼí Faith 3538:"You are what you Eid: Ramadan for vegans" 3356: 2134:"The myth of the Indian vegetarian nation" 2008:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress 1925:. Global Authors Publishers. p. 260. 1917:Badlani, Dr. Hiro G. (23 September 2008). 1896:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 99. 1728: 1405:In Chinese societies, "simple eating" (素食 617:, monks typically eat no meat, with other 505:school of Buddhism, which predominates in 173:is based on the principle of nonviolence ( 5376:Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows 5200:Thirty-nine Reasons Why I Am a Vegetarian 3632: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3592: 3582: 3525: 3317: 3185:. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2809: 2807: 2652:tradition is too strong to be shaken off. 2353: 2351: 2349: 1722: 1503: 337:(5.27–44), a traditional Hindu law book ( 5026:World Esperantist Vegetarian Association 4115:The use of rennet in Abrahamic religions 3152:"History of Vegetarianism – Early Ideas" 2548:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 2359:"What the Buddha Said About Eating Meat" 2320: 2079: 1890:Schmidt, Arno; Fieldhouse, Paul (2007). 1788:"Dietary code of practice amongst Jains" 1690:Iacobbo, Karen; Michael Iacobbo (2004). 1585:Ahimsa: Non-Violence in Indian Tradition 1582: 1037:, vegetarianism is practiced as part of 1018: 654: 602:, and part of Korean Mahayanan temples. 480: 423:) is the ritual killing of an animal in 297:Hindu scriptures belong or refer to the 153: 20: 5613:You Are What You Eat: A Twin Experiment 3911:"False Beliefs, Book Two: Meat Eating." 3560: 3558: 3556: 3203: 3144: 2500: 2420: 2203:. Vol. 1. OUP India. p. 151. 2005: 1916: 7823: 5051:List of vegetarian and vegan companies 3989: 3623: 3564: 3410: 3387: 3175: 3172:. London: I. B. Tauris pp. 30–35. 2813: 2804: 2764:. New Delhi: Lotus Press. p. 38. 2616:Guru Granth Sahib, An Analytical Study 2557: 2555: 2470:The Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra: A Mahāyāna Text 2464: 2458: 2452: 2414: 2346: 2294:Julius J. Lipner (23 July 1998). "9". 2131: 2099:Yadav, Y.; Kumar, S (14 August 2006). 1957:Walters, Kerry S. and Portmess, Lisa. 1758:"India tells West to stop eating beef" 1755: 1704: 1086:reject the commodity status of animals 756: 638: 586: 570: 41:has a wide variety of vegetarian food. 6994: 5168:Behind the Scenes in Slaughter-Houses 4828:Nederlandse Vereniging voor Veganisme 4163: 3808:"Mazdak Mazdakism. Zoroastrian Sects" 3636: 3477: 3362: 3334:from the original on 22 January 2009. 3183:"William Cowherd (brief information)" 2907:from the original on 30 December 2018 2755: 2543: 2302:(Paper ed.). Routledge. p. 2261:from the original on 8 September 2013 1377:states that the evil king of Persia, 7020: 6769:Ben & Esther's Vegan Jewish Deli 6356:A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada 3840:from the original on 4 December 2015 3735:from the original on 21 January 2012 3693:from the original on 21 January 2012 3553: 3511:"IVU News – Islam and Vegetarianism" 3281:from the original on 27 January 2018 3255:from the original on 27 January 2018 3212:from the original on 27 October 2010 3126: 2248: 1792:International Vegetarian Union (IVU) 1768:from the original on 13 October 2018 1653:from the original on 30 October 2021 1055:Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria 965:(the law which prohibits waste) and 7659:Category:Religion and ... 3762:from the original on 8 October 2010 3718:The Promulgation of Universal Peace 3324:15th World Vegetarian Congress 1957 2552: 2365:from the original on 15 August 2008 2198: 1923:HINDUISM PATH OF THE ANCIENT WISDOM 1798:from the original on 9 January 2016 1627:from the original on 5 January 2009 589::64–65) points to a passage in the 13: 5104:Reasons for not Eating Animal Food 4033:. (Lantern Books. New York, 2001. 3959: 3892:from the original on 29 April 2006 3814:from the original on 31 March 2018 3788:from the original on 31 March 2018 3437:God, His Prophets and His Children 3413:"Eating less meat is more Islamic" 3346:"Vegetarian Dalam Timbangan Islam" 3318:Arzenjani, Mohd. Almamoon (1957). 3275:"Quran Surah Al-Hajj ( Verse 36 )" 3249:"Quran Surah Al-Hajj ( Verse 28 )" 3136:. International Vegetarian Union. 2959:from the original on 17 March 2018 2933:from the original on 22 March 2018 2226:Encyclopaedia of Political Parties 2144:from the original on 8 August 2018 1587:. London: Rider. pp. 107–111. 1440: 1388: 1337: 537:, and other countries that follow 14: 7842: 5072:On Abstinence from Eating Animals 4966:North American Vegetarian Society 4087: 3411:Mayton, Joseph (26 August 2010). 3388:Sheikh, Rahil (15 January 2020). 3158:from the original on 16 July 2012 3089:The Wisdom of the Vegetarian Diet 2989:from the original on 2 March 2018 2877:from the original on 6 March 2016 2792:from the original on 27 June 2009 2249:Lang, Olivia (24 November 2009). 1823:, Oxford 1995, p. 26–30, 191–195. 1756:Nelson, Dean (20 November 2009). 1361: 6784:Green Elephant Vegetarian Bistro 4919:Christian Vegetarian Association 4151:for a technical Sikh perspective 3866:from the original on 22 May 2006 3140:from the original on 5 May 2012. 3048:from the original on 27 May 2011 3039: 2593:, by I.J. Singh, Manohar, Delhi 2434:from the original on 4 July 2008 1306:generally follow a diet called " 1074:Christian Vegetarian Association 258: 241: 5328:Vegetarian Cooking for Everyone 4083:(New York: Lantern Books, 2004) 3923: 3904: 3878: 3860:"Paganism and Native Religions" 3852: 3826: 3800: 3774: 3747: 3705: 3663: 3503: 3451: 3442: 3430: 3404: 3381: 3338: 3311: 3293: 3267: 3241: 3224: 3197: 3110: 3080: 3033: 2971: 2945: 2919: 2889: 2871:"What's Jewish About Being Veg" 2863: 2850: 2834: 2778: 2749: 2720: 2704: 2682: 2656: 2632: 2609: 2584: 2537: 2494: 2446: 2408: 2287: 2273: 2242: 2217: 2199:Das, Veena (13 February 2003). 2192: 2156: 2132:Biswas, Soutik (4 April 2018). 2125: 2064: 2045: 2026: 1999: 1990: 1981: 1972: 1910: 1883: 1856: 1826: 1810: 1780: 1711:A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms 1313: 1068:Some Christian groups, such as 1008: 7478:Category:... and religion 6916:Vegetarian and vegan symbolism 5272:Moosewood Collective Cookbooks 5011:Vegetarian Society (Singapore) 4996:Toronto Vegetarian Association 4939:International Vegetarian Union 3487:. Lokpriya.com. Archived from 3328:International Vegetarian Union 2224:O.P. Radhan (September 2002). 1749: 1698: 1683: 1665: 1647:"Sikhism: A Universal Message" 1639: 1609: 1591: 1576: 1459: 1342: 1198:, involves animal sacrifices ( 1059:fasts 210 days out of the year 563:Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra 224: 115:Vegetarianism in ancient India 68:is mandatory for everyone; in 1: 7392:politics in the United States 6931:Vegetarian and vegan dog diet 6855:Food for Thought (restaurant) 5453:Diet for a New America (film) 5232:The Benefits of Vegetarianism 5096:A Vindication of Natural Diet 4863:Vegan Prisoners Support Group 3170:Of Victorians and Vegetarians 2101:"The food habits of a nation" 1692:Vegetarian America: A History 1570: 388:Many coastal inhabitants are 382:Economic and Political Weekly 362: 5280:The Farm Vegetarian Cookbook 4500:Seventh-day Adventist Church 4142:Fools Who Wrangle Over Flesh 3352:(in Indonesian). 8 May 2008. 3134:"The Bible Christian Church" 2820:. Hachette UK. p. 117. 2639:A History of the Sikh People 1893:The world religions cookbook 1298: 1028:Seventh-day Adventist Church 417:Animal sacrifice in Hinduism 412:Animal sacrifice in Hinduism 7: 6900:The Pitman Vegetarian Hotel 5320:The Sexual Politics of Meat 4438:Environmental vegetarianism 4293:Environmental vegetarianism 3994:. New York: Lantern Books. 3977:Animals and World Religions 3676:Bahá'u'lláh and the New Era 3121:New Age Vegetarian Cookbook 1534:Environmental vegetarianism 1516: 1294:– Hadith: al-Muwaṭṭa' 1742 1266:– Surrah Ar-Rahman 55:8–10 997:again be vegetarian in the 973:and high-speed, mechanized 557:On the other hand, certain 470: 210: 10: 7847: 7831:Vegetarianism and religion 5416:Making a Stand for Animals 5192:Fifty Years of Food Reform 4934:Hare Krishna Food for Life 4848:Vegan Awareness Foundation 3546:(Hadith identification by 3154:. The Vegetarian Society. 2756:Singh, Prithi Pal (2006). 2666:. sgpc.net. Archived from 1332:Universal House of Justice 1182: 1051:Oriental Orthodox Churches 1012: 953:as reasons for adopting a 787: 783: 648: 644: 474: 214: 147: 143: 37:promote vegetarianism and 7658: 7477: 7136: 7026: 6908: 6842: 6761: 6493: 6071:Maximilian Bircher-Benner 5988: 5682: 5669: 5623: 5509:Fat, Sick and Nearly Dead 5434: 5400:The End of Animal Farming 5384:The Vegan Studies Project 5059: 5043: 4929:French Vegetarian Society 4924:European Vegetarian Union 4914:Boston Vegetarian Society 4896: 4798: 4784: 4565: 4481: 4408: 4401: 4351: 4278: 4260:Vegan organic agriculture 4208: 4201: 4099:11 September 2012 at the 4031:Judaism and Vegetarianism 3941:27 September 2011 at the 3206:"Was Jesus a vegetarian?" 2762:The History of Sikh Gurus 2694:26 September 2008 at the 2184:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 2057:29 September 2007 at the 2038:10 September 2007 at the 1996:Mahabharata section LXVI" 1400: 694:In the case of meat, the 303:historical Vedic religion 203:), which creates harmful 7137:Religion and ( 6824:The Sound Lounge, London 6799:Little Pine (restaurant) 6683:Colleen Patrick-Goudreau 6186:Narasinh Narayan Godbole 5360:The Bloodless Revolution 5001:Vegetarian Federal Union 4816:Food Empowerment Project 4659:List of meat substitutes 3168:; Gregory, James (2007) 2738:http://www.sikhwomen.com 2567:28 December 2008 at the 2503:Journal of Asian Studies 1987:Mahabharata 13.116.37–41 1675:; Lisa Portmess (2001). 1601:; Lisa Portmess (2001). 1549:History of vegetarianism 1178: 55:vegetarians in the world 6946:Plant-based action plan 6693:Satchidananda Saraswati 6538:Tabitha Brown (actress) 5352:Livestock's Long Shadow 5256:Diet for a Small Planet 5160:Shelley's Vegetarianism 4971:Order of the Golden Age 4458:Replaceability argument 4328:Vegetarian Diet Pyramid 4313:Lacto-ovo vegetarianism 4218:Animal-free agriculture 3715:(1912). MacNutt (ed.). 3040:Foer, Jonathan Safran. 2856:Rabbi J. David Bleich, 2786:"The Sikhism Home Page" 2743:27 October 2009 at the 2578:17 January 2009 at the 2544:Faure, Bernard (1991). 1583:Tähtinen, Unto (1976). 1236:Sri Lankan Sufi master 1082:universal vegetarianism 1015:Christian vegetarianism 949:, moral character, and 749:Sikhs who eat meat eat 7535:Hellenistic philosophy 6331:Francis William Newman 6231:Martin Luther Holbrook 5312:Diet for a New America 5264:The Vegetarian Epicure 5152:What is Vegetarianism? 4909:Bible Christian Church 4811:Beauty Without Cruelty 4806:American Vegan Society 4288:Economic vegetarianism 3920:Retrieved 5 July 2011. 3916:3 October 2011 at the 3565:Rahman, S. A. (2017). 3101:Rosicrucian Fellowship 3094:1 October 2009 at the 2814:Clarke, Steve (2020). 1834:Klostermaier, Klaus K. 1623:. UniversalFaith.net. 1508:The spiritual teacher 1504:Meher Baba's teachings 1296: 1146:Bible Christian Church 1135:Rosicrucian Fellowship 1105:groups, including the 1070:Seventh-day Adventists 1030: 747: 664: 501:Monks and nuns of the 486: 477:Buddhist vegetarianism 404:are encouraged to eat 313:(11.5.13–14), and the 166: 121: 42: 7795:spirituality podcasts 7718:the French Revolution 7260:education in Pakistan 6668:Isa Chandra Moskowitz 6421:Russell Thacher Trall 6386:Johan Lindström Saxon 6086:Lucius Duncan Bulkley 5392:Animal (De)liberation 5176:Why I Am a Vegetarian 4443:Ethics of eating meat 3990:Phelps, Norm (2004). 3637:Smith, Peter (2000). 3363:Qadri, Shafi (2002). 2711:Philosophy of Sikhism 2573:The Sikhism Home Page 1539:Ethics of eating meat 1258: 1185:Islamic vegetarianism 1022: 967:Tza'ar ba'alei hayyim 928:Isaac Bashevis Singer 912:Yitzhak HaLevi Herzog 734: 658: 484: 157: 112: 24: 7788:in the United States 6804:Moosewood Restaurant 6658:Moosewood Collective 6573:Crescent Dragonwagon 6481:Kathleen Keen Zolber 6146:James Elmslie Duncan 6006:Bertrand P. Allinson 5240:Living the Good Life 5128:Fruits and Farinacea 5031:World Vegetarian Day 4981:ProVeg International 4369:Fictional characters 4155:Sikh History on Diet 4147:30 June 2006 at the 4111:14 July 2014 at the 4106:Rennets and religion 4046:Is God a Vegetarian? 4044:Richard Alan Young, 3834:"How to Eat to Live" 3042:"If This Is Kosher…" 2953:"Rabbinic Statement" 2698:April/May/June 2007 2014:(2018–19): 101–108. 1839:A survey of Hinduism 1564:Vegetarian nutrition 1452:), living a life of 1249:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam 1219:tashabbuh bil kuffar 1133:groups, such as the 1101:. Several Christian 1078:Christian anarchists 1035:Eastern Christianity 983:If This Is Kosher... 979:Jonathan Safran Foer 947:environmental ethics 932:Jonathan Safran Foer 844:Nathan Lopes Cardozo 790:Jewish vegetarianism 681:Akhand Kirtani Jatha 419:(sometimes known as 6921:List of vegan media 6850:Cranks (restaurant) 6653:Joanne Lee Molinaro 6623:Frances Moore Lappé 6411:William O. Stephens 6406:Ernest Lester Smith 6396:Richard H. Schwartz 6381:Henry Stephens Salt 6371:Ulma Doyle Register 6306:Harry Willis Miller 6286:Alice Garrett Marsh 6241:John Harvey Kellogg 5895:James E. McWilliams 5660:The Animals' Agenda 4642:Microbial cellulose 4617:Gelatin substitutes 4580:Chicken fillet roll 4308:Lacto vegetarianism 4129:12 May 2015 at the 4027:Richard H. Schwartz 4009:Roberta Kalechofsky 3619:. Animals in Islam. 3105:Esoteric Christians 2396:on 16 February 2013 2334:on 7 September 2008 1762:The Daily Telegraph 1729:Bodhipaksa (2016). 1494:Earth Religion News 924:Richard H. Schwartz 920:Roberta Kalechofsky 908:She'ar Yashuv Cohen 832:Jonathan Wittenberg 774:Abrahamic religions 757:Abrahamic religions 315:Chandogya Upanishad 78:Abrahamic religions 7681:capital punishment 7630:Transgender topics 7208:coping with trauma 7183:capital punishment 7108:Transgender people 6875:New Riverside Cafe 6865:Lentil as Anything 6843:Former restaurants 6779:Crossroads Kitchen 6708:Alicia Silverstone 6643:Hetty Lui McKinnon 6593:Carol Lee Flinders 6451:Severin Wielobycki 6161:Charles W. Forward 6016:Charles R. Attwood 5790:Caldwell Esselstyn 5296:Moosewood Cookbook 5144:The Ethics of Diet 5006:Vegetarian Society 4976:ProVeg Deutschland 3968:(2001) edited by: 3584:10.3390/ani7020011 2732:2 May 2009 at the 2113:on 29 October 2006 2082:, p. 119–120. 2033:Mahabharata 12.260 1559:Vegetarian cuisine 1273:– Hadith: Bukhari 1154:Vegetarian Society 1137:, have encouraged 1131:Christian esoteric 1057:, which generally 1031: 673:Sikh Rehat Maryada 665: 487: 266:South Indian style 249:North Indian style 232:Indian vegetarian 167: 150:Jain vegetarianism 43: 7818: 7817: 7605:Sexual abstinence 7490:African Americans 7243:domestic violence 7073:Hittite mythology 6988: 6987: 6789:Greens Restaurant 6673:Bawa Muhaiyaddeen 6543:Suzy Amis Cameron 6533:Edward Espe Brown 6528:Martha Brotherton 6489: 6488: 6426:Frederick Towgood 6391:James Scholefield 6336:R. E. O'Callaghan 6166:Michael Allen Fox 6141:Daniel Dombrowski 6046:George Bedborough 6031:Horace A. Barrows 5996:Phyllis B. Acosta 5890:John A. McDougall 5845:Avery Yale Kamila 5795:Gary L. Francione 5750:T. Colin Campbell 5700:Suzanne M. Babich 5597:The Game Changers 5541:Live and Let Live 5525:Forks Over Knives 5485:Peaceable Kingdom 5477:Post Punk Kitchen 5461:A Cow at My Table 5408:Vegetable Kingdom 5136:The Pleasure Boat 5120:Nature's Own Book 5088:Vegetable Cookery 5039: 5038: 4868:The Vegan Society 4681:Nutritional yeast 4561: 4560: 4397: 4396: 4318:Ovo vegetarianism 4265:Vegan school meal 4079:Steven J. Rosen, 4001:978-1-59056-069-3 3985:978-0-19-979068-5 3728:978-0-87743-172-5 3686:978-0-87743-160-2 3656:978-1-85168-184-6 2827:978-1-5104-7953-1 2771:978-81-8382-075-2 2758:"3 Guru Amar Das" 2670:on 20 August 2009 2647:978-81-7023-139-4 2599:978-81-7304-058-0 2591:Sikhs and Sikhism 2479:978-81-208-1655-8 2313:978-0-415-05182-8 2235:978-81-7488-865-5 2210:978-0-19-564582-8 2052:Mahabharata 3.199 1932:978-0-595-70183-4 1903:978-0-313-33504-4 1876:978-0-486-42115-5 1849:978-0-7914-2109-3 1673:Walters, Kerry S. 1649:. 13 March 2009. 1599:Walters, Kerry S. 1238:Bawa Muhaiyaddeen 1095:Leviticus 7:15–20 1047:Eastern Orthodoxy 860:Geoffrey Claussen 852:Shmuly Yanklowitz 811:, a contemporary 742:Guru Granth Sahib 716:Guru Gobind Singh 700:Guru Granth Sahib 567:Lankavatara Sutra 545:According to the 392:. In particular, 373:lacto-vegetarians 325:also states that 275:The principle of 181:lacto-vegetarians 169:Vegetarianism in 100:idea among their 74:Mahayana Buddhism 7838: 7520:Films about LGBT 7265:environmentalism 7168:authoritarianism 7021:... and religion 7015: 7008: 7001: 6992: 6991: 6961:Planetary health 6951:Sustainable diet 6941:Plant-based diet 6880:Nix (restaurant) 6794:Hiltl Restaurant 6743:Umberto Veronesi 6713:Hannah Sunderani 6688:Mathew Pritchard 6648:Tracye McQuirter 6558:Chloe Coscarelli 6496:cookbook authors 6441:Emil Weilshäuser 6316:Reuben D. Mussey 6296:William Metcalfe 6221:Philippe Hecquet 6136:Daniël de Clercq 6036:Geoffrey Barstow 5980:Sophie Zaïkowska 5870:Thomas Lepeltier 5825:A. Breeze Harper 5780:George Dornbusch 5745:Jodey Castricano 5680: 5679: 5646:Vegetarian Times 5589:Eating You Alive 5557:PlantPure Nation 5445:The Animals Film 5288:Laurel's Kitchen 5224:A Fleshless Diet 4986:ProVeg Nederland 4796: 4795: 4741:Vegetarian bacon 4654:Meat alternative 4406: 4405: 4206: 4205: 4184: 4177: 4170: 4161: 4160: 4005: 3954: 3927: 3921: 3908: 3902: 3901: 3899: 3897: 3882: 3876: 3875: 3873: 3871: 3856: 3850: 3849: 3847: 3845: 3830: 3824: 3823: 3821: 3819: 3804: 3798: 3797: 3795: 3793: 3778: 3772: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3751: 3745: 3744: 3742: 3740: 3709: 3703: 3702: 3700: 3698: 3667: 3661: 3660: 3634: 3621: 3620: 3613: 3607: 3606: 3596: 3586: 3562: 3551: 3545: 3534: 3523: 3522: 3520: 3518: 3507: 3501: 3500: 3498: 3496: 3491:on 21 March 2015 3481: 3475: 3474: 3472: 3470: 3455: 3449: 3446: 3440: 3434: 3428: 3427: 3425: 3423: 3408: 3402: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3385: 3379: 3378: 3360: 3354: 3353: 3342: 3336: 3335: 3315: 3309: 3308: 3297: 3291: 3290: 3288: 3286: 3271: 3265: 3264: 3262: 3260: 3245: 3239: 3228: 3222: 3221: 3219: 3217: 3201: 3195: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3179: 3173: 3167: 3165: 3163: 3148: 3142: 3141: 3130: 3124: 3114: 3108: 3084: 3078: 3067: 3058: 3057: 3055: 3053: 3037: 3031: 3020: 3011: 3008: 2999: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2975: 2969: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2949: 2943: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2923: 2917: 2916: 2914: 2912: 2893: 2887: 2886: 2884: 2882: 2867: 2861: 2854: 2848: 2838: 2832: 2831: 2811: 2802: 2801: 2799: 2797: 2782: 2776: 2775: 2753: 2747: 2724: 2718: 2708: 2702: 2686: 2680: 2679: 2677: 2675: 2660: 2654: 2636: 2630: 2613: 2607: 2588: 2582: 2559: 2550: 2549: 2541: 2535: 2534: 2498: 2492: 2491: 2462: 2456: 2450: 2444: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2424: 2418: 2412: 2406: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2392:. 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Cooper 6081:Ernest Bonnejoy 6041:Sidney H. Beard 6011:Thomas Allinson 5984: 5970:Corey Lee Wrenn 5965:Kim A. Williams 5735:Will Bulsiewicz 5710:Neal D. Barnard 5675: 5673: 5671: 5665: 5619: 5565:What the Health 5436:Films and shows 5430: 5336:The China Study 5208:The Meat Fetish 5063: 5061: 5055: 5035: 4954:Meatless Monday 4892: 4888:World Vegan Day 4788: 4780: 4751:Vegetarian mark 4567: 4557: 4477: 4393: 4347: 4274: 4197: 4188: 4149:Wayback Machine 4131:Wayback Machine 4113:Wayback Machine 4101:Wayback Machine 4090: 4070:Steven J. Rosen 4002: 3975:Lisa Kemmerer, 3972:; Lisa Portmess 3962: 3960:Further reading 3957: 3943:Wayback Machine 3928: 3924: 3918:Wayback Machine 3909: 3905: 3895: 3893: 3884: 3883: 3879: 3869: 3867: 3858: 3857: 3853: 3843: 3841: 3832: 3831: 3827: 3817: 3815: 3806: 3805: 3801: 3791: 3789: 3780: 3779: 3775: 3765: 3763: 3752: 3748: 3738: 3736: 3729: 3710: 3706: 3696: 3694: 3687: 3671:Esslemont, J.E. 3668: 3664: 3657: 3635: 3624: 3615: 3614: 3610: 3577:(2). 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Shapiro 820:, a vegetarian 792: 786: 759: 746: 740: 708:overconsumption 653: 651:Diet in Sikhism 647: 591:Surangama Sutra 574: 559:Mahayana sutras 479: 473: 463:shrines of the 414: 365: 273: 272: 271: 270: 269: 263: 254: 253: 252: 246: 237: 236: 227: 219: 213: 152: 146: 135: 123: 117: 110: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7844: 7834: 7833: 7816: 7815: 7813: 7812: 7807: 7802: 7797: 7792: 7791: 7790: 7785: 7780: 7770: 7765: 7760: 7755: 7750: 7745: 7740: 7735: 7730: 7725: 7720: 7715: 7710: 7705: 7704: 7703: 7693: 7688: 7683: 7678: 7673: 7668: 7662: 7660: 7656: 7655: 7653: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7637: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7591: 7590: 7585: 7580: 7575: 7570: 7565: 7560: 7552: 7547: 7542: 7537: 7532: 7527: 7522: 7517: 7512: 7507: 7502: 7497: 7492: 7487: 7481: 7479: 7475: 7474: 7472: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7456: 7451: 7446: 7441: 7436: 7435: 7434: 7429: 7424: 7419: 7414: 7409: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7374: 7369: 7364: 7359: 7358: 7357: 7352: 7350:mental illness 7342: 7337: 7332: 7327: 7322: 7317: 7312: 7307: 7302: 7297: 7292: 7287: 7282: 7277: 7272: 7267: 7262: 7257: 7256: 7255: 7245: 7240: 7235: 7230: 7225: 7220: 7215: 7210: 7205: 7200: 7198:climate change 7195: 7190: 7188:child marriage 7185: 7180: 7175: 7170: 7165: 7160: 7155: 7150: 7144: 7142: 7134: 7133: 7131: 7130: 7125: 7120: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7095: 7090: 7085: 7080: 7075: 7070: 7065: 7060: 7055: 7050: 7045: 7040: 7034: 7032: 7031:) and religion 7024: 7023: 7018: 7017: 7010: 7003: 6995: 6986: 6985: 6983: 6982: 6981: 6980: 6978:Pollotarianism 6975: 6973:Pescetarianism 6968:Flexitarianism 6965: 6964: 6963: 6958: 6948: 6943: 6938: 6933: 6928: 6923: 6918: 6912: 6910: 6906: 6905: 6903: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6867: 6862: 6857: 6852: 6846: 6844: 6840: 6839: 6837: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6771: 6765: 6763: 6759: 6758: 6756: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6740: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6685: 6680: 6675: 6670: 6665: 6663:Charity Morgan 6660: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6638:Mary McCartney 6635: 6630: 6625: 6620: 6615: 6613:Madhur Jaffrey 6610: 6605: 6600: 6595: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6565: 6560: 6555: 6550: 6545: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6525: 6520: 6515: 6510: 6505: 6499: 6497: 6491: 6490: 6487: 6486: 6484: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6446:Ellen G. White 6443: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6408: 6403: 6398: 6393: 6388: 6383: 6378: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6323: 6318: 6313: 6308: 6303: 6298: 6293: 6291:Elmer McCollum 6288: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6271:Susan M. Levin 6268: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6236:Isaac Jennings 6233: 6228: 6223: 6218: 6216:William Harvey 6213: 6208: 6206:Alexander Haig 6203: 6198: 6193: 6188: 6183: 6181:Mahatma Gandhi 6178: 6173: 6171:Peter Foxcroft 6168: 6163: 6158: 6153: 6148: 6143: 6138: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6121:Antonio Cocchi 6118: 6116:Henry S. Clubb 6113: 6108: 6103: 6098: 6093: 6088: 6083: 6078: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6028: 6026:Eduard Baltzer 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 6001:William Alcott 5998: 5992: 5990: 5986: 5985: 5983: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5955:Sunaura Taylor 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5900:Vesanto Melina 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5867: 5865:Maxwell G. Lee 5862: 5857: 5852: 5850:Michael Klaper 5847: 5842: 5837: 5832: 5827: 5822: 5820:Michael Greger 5817: 5815:Lewis Gompertz 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5740:Georges Butaud 5737: 5732: 5727: 5725:Yves Bonnardel 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5705:Martin Balluch 5702: 5697: 5695:Carol J. Adams 5692: 5686: 5684: 5677: 5667: 5666: 5664: 5663: 5656: 5649: 5642: 5635: 5627: 5625: 5621: 5620: 5618: 5617: 5609: 5601: 5593: 5585: 5577: 5569: 5561: 5553: 5545: 5537: 5529: 5521: 5513: 5505: 5497: 5489: 5481: 5473: 5469:Meet Your Meat 5465: 5457: 5449: 5440: 5438: 5432: 5431: 5429: 5428: 5420: 5412: 5404: 5396: 5388: 5380: 5372: 5368:Eating Animals 5364: 5356: 5348: 5340: 5332: 5324: 5316: 5308: 5300: 5292: 5284: 5276: 5268: 5260: 5252: 5244: 5236: 5228: 5220: 5216:The New Ethics 5212: 5204: 5196: 5188: 5180: 5172: 5164: 5156: 5148: 5140: 5132: 5124: 5116: 5108: 5100: 5092: 5084: 5076: 5067: 5065: 5057: 5056: 5054: 5053: 5047: 5045: 5041: 5040: 5037: 5036: 5034: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4962: 4961: 4956: 4949:Meat-free days 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4900: 4898: 4894: 4893: 4891: 4890: 4885: 4880: 4875: 4870: 4865: 4860: 4858:Vegan Outreach 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4830: 4825: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4802: 4800: 4793: 4782: 4781: 4779: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4662: 4661: 4651: 4646: 4645: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4614: 4613: 4612: 4607: 4597: 4592: 4587: 4585:Coconut burger 4582: 4577: 4571: 4569: 4563: 4562: 4559: 4558: 4556: 4555: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4538:Pythagoreanism 4535: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4519: 4518: 4513: 4503: 4493: 4487: 4485: 4479: 4478: 4476: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4430: 4425: 4423:Animal welfare 4420: 4414: 4412: 4403: 4399: 4398: 4395: 4394: 4392: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4355: 4353: 4349: 4348: 4346: 4345: 4340: 4335: 4330: 4325: 4320: 4315: 4310: 4305: 4300: 4295: 4290: 4284: 4282: 4276: 4275: 4273: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4251: 4250: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4225: 4223:Black veganism 4220: 4214: 4212: 4203: 4199: 4198: 4187: 4186: 4179: 4172: 4164: 4158: 4157: 4152: 4139: 4133: 4121: 4116: 4103: 4089: 4088:External links 4086: 4085: 4084: 4077: 4067: 4057: 4042: 4024: 4006: 4000: 3987: 3973: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3955: 3922: 3903: 3877: 3851: 3825: 3799: 3773: 3746: 3727: 3704: 3685: 3662: 3655: 3622: 3608: 3552: 3544:. 30 May 2019. 3524: 3502: 3476: 3465:. 27 July 2019 3450: 3441: 3439:, pgs. 150–157 3429: 3403: 3380: 3373: 3355: 3350:muslimah.or.id 3337: 3310: 3292: 3266: 3240: 3223: 3196: 3174: 3143: 3125: 3109: 3079: 3059: 3032: 3012: 3000: 2970: 2944: 2918: 2888: 2862: 2849: 2833: 2826: 2803: 2777: 2770: 2748: 2719: 2703: 2700:Hinduism Today 2681: 2655: 2631: 2608: 2583: 2551: 2536: 2509:(3): 482–484. 2493: 2478: 2457: 2445: 2419: 2407: 2376: 2345: 2319: 2312: 2286: 2272: 2241: 2234: 2216: 2209: 2191: 2155: 2124: 2091: 2072: 2063: 2044: 2025: 1998: 1989: 1980: 1971: 1945: 1931: 1909: 1902: 1882: 1875: 1855: 1848: 1825: 1817:Laidlaw, James 1809: 1779: 1748: 1741: 1721: 1697: 1682: 1664: 1638: 1608: 1590: 1574: 1572: 1569: 1567: 1566: 1561: 1556: 1551: 1546: 1541: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1520: 1518: 1515: 1505: 1502: 1461: 1458: 1442: 1439: 1402: 1399: 1390: 1387: 1371:Zoroastrianism 1363: 1362:Zoroastrianism 1360: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1328:Shoghi Effendi 1315: 1312: 1300: 1297: 1183:Main article: 1180: 1177: 1139:pescatarianism 1127:Orthodox monks 1107:Desert Fathers 1053:, such as the 1013:Main article: 1010: 1007: 943:animal welfare 936:Aaron S. Gross 904:Jonathan Sacks 836:Daniel Sperber 788:Main article: 785: 782: 778:Garden of Eden 758: 755: 738: 685:Damdami Taksal 649:Main article: 646: 643: 635:Southeast Asia 475:Main article: 472: 469: 413: 410: 371:, so they are 369:dairy products 364: 361: 264: 257: 256: 255: 247: 240: 239: 238: 231: 230: 229: 228: 226: 223: 215:Main article: 212: 209: 163:(non-violence) 148:Main article: 145: 142: 111: 109: 106: 39:Indian cuisine 33:, India. Many 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7843: 7832: 7829: 7828: 7826: 7811: 7808: 7806: 7803: 7801: 7798: 7796: 7793: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7775: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7766: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7744: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7702: 7699: 7698: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7684: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7663: 7661: 7657: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7635:Vegetarianism 7633: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7589: 7588:Pre-Columbian 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7556: 7555: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7523: 7521: 7518: 7516: 7513: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7503: 7501: 7498: 7496: 7493: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7482: 7480: 7476: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7433: 7430: 7428: 7425: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7410: 7408: 7405: 7404: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7390: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7382:peacebuilding 7380: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7360: 7356: 7355:schizophrenia 7353: 7351: 7348: 7347: 7346: 7345:mental health 7343: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7333: 7331: 7328: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7316: 7313: 7311: 7308: 7306: 7303: 7301: 7298: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7286: 7283: 7281: 7278: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7268: 7266: 7263: 7261: 7258: 7254: 7251: 7250: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7236: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7228:death penalty 7226: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7204: 7201: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7189: 7186: 7184: 7181: 7179: 7176: 7174: 7173:birth control 7171: 7169: 7166: 7164: 7163:animal rights 7161: 7159: 7156: 7154: 7151: 7149: 7146: 7145: 7143: 7140: 7135: 7129: 7126: 7124: 7121: 7119: 7118:Vegetarianism 7116: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7068:Homosexuality 7066: 7064: 7061: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7049: 7046: 7044: 7041: 7039: 7036: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7029:Some topic... 7025: 7016: 7011: 7009: 7004: 7002: 6997: 6996: 6993: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6970: 6969: 6966: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6953: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6944: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6934: 6932: 6929: 6927: 6926:Juice fasting 6924: 6922: 6919: 6917: 6914: 6913: 6911: 6907: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6853: 6851: 6848: 6847: 6845: 6841: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6829:Veggie Galaxy 6827: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6766: 6764: 6760: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6733:Lauren Toyota 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6618:Mollie Katzen 6616: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6604: 6601: 6599: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6583:Rip Esselstyn 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6568:Sue Donaldson 6566: 6564: 6561: 6559: 6556: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6544: 6541: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6529: 6526: 6524: 6521: 6519: 6516: 6514: 6511: 6509: 6506: 6504: 6501: 6500: 6498: 6492: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6416:Alan Stoddard 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6404: 6402: 6401:James Simpson 6399: 6397: 6394: 6392: 6389: 6387: 6384: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6376:Rollo Russell 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6366:James Rachels 6364: 6362: 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6351:Cyril V. Pink 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6326:Scott Nearing 6324: 6322: 6321:Helen Nearing 6319: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6276:Andrew Linzey 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6256:William Lambe 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6222: 6219: 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6207: 6204: 6202: 6201:Walter Hadwen 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6174: 6172: 6169: 6167: 6164: 6162: 6159: 6157: 6154: 6152: 6149: 6147: 6144: 6142: 6139: 6137: 6134: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6126:Edwin Collier 6124: 6122: 6119: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6111:George Cheyne 6109: 6107: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6091:J. L. Buttner 6089: 6087: 6084: 6082: 6079: 6077: 6074: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5993: 5991: 5987: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5960:Richard Twine 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5950:David Sztybel 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5920:David Olivier 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5876: 5873: 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5841: 5838: 5836: 5833: 5831: 5828: 5826: 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5810:Valéry Giroux 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5715:David Benatar 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5690:Elisa Aaltola 5688: 5687: 5685: 5681: 5678: 5668: 5662: 5661: 5657: 5655: 5654: 5650: 5648: 5647: 5643: 5641: 5640: 5636: 5634: 5633: 5629: 5628: 5626: 5622: 5615: 5614: 5610: 5607: 5606: 5602: 5599: 5598: 5594: 5591: 5590: 5586: 5583: 5582: 5578: 5575: 5574: 5570: 5567: 5566: 5562: 5559: 5558: 5554: 5551: 5550: 5546: 5543: 5542: 5538: 5535: 5534: 5530: 5527: 5526: 5522: 5519: 5518: 5514: 5511: 5510: 5506: 5503: 5502: 5501:A Sacred Duty 5498: 5495: 5494: 5490: 5487: 5486: 5482: 5479: 5478: 5474: 5471: 5470: 5466: 5463: 5462: 5458: 5455: 5454: 5450: 5447: 5446: 5442: 5441: 5439: 5437: 5433: 5426: 5425: 5421: 5418: 5417: 5413: 5410: 5409: 5405: 5402: 5401: 5397: 5394: 5393: 5389: 5386: 5385: 5381: 5378: 5377: 5373: 5370: 5369: 5365: 5362: 5361: 5357: 5354: 5353: 5349: 5346: 5345: 5341: 5338: 5337: 5333: 5330: 5329: 5325: 5322: 5321: 5317: 5314: 5313: 5309: 5306: 5305: 5301: 5298: 5297: 5293: 5290: 5289: 5285: 5282: 5281: 5277: 5274: 5273: 5269: 5266: 5265: 5261: 5258: 5257: 5253: 5250: 5249: 5245: 5242: 5241: 5237: 5234: 5233: 5229: 5226: 5225: 5221: 5218: 5217: 5213: 5210: 5209: 5205: 5202: 5201: 5197: 5194: 5193: 5189: 5186: 5185: 5184:Figs or Pigs? 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Sikhs.org. 2787: 2781: 2773: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2752: 2746: 2742: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2728: 2723: 2717: 2712: 2707: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2690: 2685: 2669: 2665: 2659: 2653: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2635: 2629: 2625: 2624:81-7205-060-7 2621: 2617: 2612: 2605: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2587: 2581: 2577: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2563: 2558: 2556: 2547: 2540: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2497: 2490: 2488: 2481: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2466:Suzuki, D. T. 2461: 2454: 2449: 2433: 2429: 2423: 2416: 2411: 2395: 2391: 2385: 2383: 2381: 2364: 2360: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2333: 2329: 2323: 2315: 2309: 2305: 2300: 2299: 2290: 2282: 2276: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2245: 2237: 2231: 2227: 2220: 2212: 2206: 2202: 2195: 2187: 2181: 2165: 2159: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2128: 2112: 2108: 2107: 2102: 2095: 2087: 2081: 2080:Ishwaran 1983 2076: 2067: 2060: 2056: 2053: 2048: 2041: 2037: 2034: 2029: 2021: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2002: 1993: 1984: 1975: 1968: 1967:0-7914-4972-6 1964: 1960: 1954: 1952: 1950: 1934: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1913: 1905: 1899: 1895: 1894: 1886: 1878: 1872: 1868: 1867: 1859: 1851: 1845: 1841: 1840: 1835: 1829: 1822: 1818: 1813: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1783: 1767: 1763: 1759: 1752: 1744: 1738: 1735:. Windhorse. 1734: 1733: 1732:Vegetarianism 1725: 1717: 1713: 1712: 1707: 1701: 1693: 1686: 1678: 1674: 1668: 1652: 1648: 1642: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1612: 1604: 1600: 1594: 1586: 1579: 1575: 1565: 1562: 1560: 1557: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1530: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1521: 1514: 1511: 1501: 1499: 1498:Herman Slater 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1457: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1438: 1436: 1431: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1415: 1412: 1408: 1398: 1396: 1386: 1382: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1359: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1335: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1311: 1309: 1305: 1295: 1292: 1288: 1285: 1281: 1278: 1274: 1271: 1267: 1264: 1262: 1257: 1255: 1250: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1234: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1211: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1196: 1191: 1186: 1176: 1174: 1170: 1165: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1142: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1125:, all of the 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1091:Ezekiel 46:12 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1066: 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1016: 1006: 1004: 1000: 995: 990: 988: 987:meat industry 984: 980: 976: 972: 971:factory farms 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 939: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 877: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 849: 848:Kerry Olitzky 845: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 823: 819: 814: 810: 805: 801: 797: 791: 781: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 754: 752: 743: 737: 733: 731: 727: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 697: 692: 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 662: 657: 652: 642: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 611: 607: 603: 601: 595: 592: 588: 584: 578: 572: 568: 564: 560: 555: 552: 548: 547:Vinaya Pitaka 543: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 499: 496: 492: 491:First Precept 483: 478: 468: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 418: 409: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 386: 384: 383: 378: 374: 370: 360: 358: 354: 350: 346: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 320: 316: 312: 308: 304: 300: 295: 293: 288: 284: 283: 278: 267: 261: 250: 244: 235: 222: 218: 208: 206: 202: 197: 194: 190: 186: 182: 178: 177: 172: 164: 162: 156: 151: 141: 139: 134: 131: 127: 120: 116: 105: 103: 99: 95: 91: 87: 83: 79: 75: 71: 67: 66:vegetarianism 63: 58: 56: 52: 48: 40: 36: 32: 28: 25:A vegetarian 23: 19: 7600:Psychedelics 7568:Mesoamerican 7439:superstition 7372:negotiations 7335:the internet 7330:intelligence 7138: 7117: 7028: 6890:Pink Peacock 6870:Minerva Café 6834:Veggie Grill 6819:Souley Vegan 6814:Slutty Vegan 6753:Alan Wakeman 6728:Haile Thomas 6718:Bryant Terry 6608:Richa Hingle 6603:Dick Gregory 6508:Mayim Bialik 6476:Tzachi Zamir 6431:Sidney Trist 6281:Clair Linzey 6101:Job Caudwell 6076:George Black 6021:William Axon 5975:Laura Wright 5945:Peter Singer 5940:Jérôme Segal 5930:Emelia Quinn 5925:David Pearce 5910:David Nibert 5905:Gemma Newman 5885:Reed Mangels 5875:Howard Lyman 5800:Joel Fuhrman 5775:Alan Desmond 5760:Brenda Davis 5730:Will Bonsall 5658: 5651: 5644: 5637: 5630: 5611: 5605:Maa Ka Doodh 5603: 5595: 5587: 5579: 5571: 5563: 5555: 5547: 5539: 5531: 5523: 5515: 5507: 5499: 5491: 5483: 5475: 5467: 5459: 5451: 5443: 5422: 5414: 5406: 5398: 5390: 5382: 5374: 5366: 5358: 5350: 5344:Skinny Bitch 5342: 5334: 5326: 5318: 5310: 5304:Fit for Life 5302: 5294: 5286: 5278: 5270: 5262: 5254: 5246: 5238: 5230: 5222: 5214: 5206: 5198: 5190: 5182: 5174: 5166: 5158: 5150: 5142: 5134: 5126: 5118: 5110: 5102: 5094: 5086: 5078: 5070: 5021:Viva! Health 5016:Veggie Pride 4904:Alcott House 4843:Plamil Foods 4820: 4761:Sausage roll 4637:Konjac jelly 4590:Coconut milk 4496:Christianity 4482: 4448:Meat paradox 4433:Deep ecology 4238:Raw veganism 4202:Perspectives 4080: 4073: 4063: 4045: 4030: 4012: 3991: 3976: 3965: 3934: 3925: 3906: 3894:. Retrieved 3880: 3868:. Retrieved 3854: 3842:. Retrieved 3828: 3816:. Retrieved 3802: 3790:. Retrieved 3776: 3764:. Retrieved 3749: 3737:. Retrieved 3717: 3713:'Abdu'l-Bahá 3707: 3695:. Retrieved 3675: 3665: 3642: 3611: 3574: 3570: 3542:the Guardian 3541: 3515:. Retrieved 3505: 3493:. Retrieved 3489:the original 3479: 3467:. Retrieved 3462: 3453: 3444: 3436: 3432: 3420:. Retrieved 3417:The Guardian 3416: 3406: 3394:. Retrieved 3383: 3364: 3358: 3349: 3340: 3323: 3313: 3304: 3295: 3283:. Retrieved 3269: 3257:. Retrieved 3243: 3226: 3214:. Retrieved 3199: 3187:. Retrieved 3177: 3169: 3160:. Retrieved 3146: 3128: 3120: 3112: 3087: 3082: 3050:. Retrieved 3035: 2991:. Retrieved 2982: 2973: 2961:. 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Forster 6066:Rynn Berry 5989:Vegetarian 5880:Al-Ma'arri 5676:physicians 5632:Naked Food 5549:Cowspiracy 5493:Earthlings 5424:Meat Atlas 4944:Jewish Veg 4897:Vegetarian 4873:Veganmania 4853:Vegan flag 4736:Vegetables 4711:Soy yogurt 4691:Plant milk 4473:Tirukkuṟaḷ 4468:Speciesism 4343:By country 4303:Orthopathy 4138:chabad.org 4060:Rynn Berry 3285:26 January 3259:26 January 3216:23 October 1764:. London. 1571:References 1510:Meher Baba 1490:Iamblichus 1486:Pythagoras 1470:ecological 1419:vegetarian 1206:is only a 1158:temperance 1043:Great Lent 955:vegetarian 900:Asa Keisar 880:Shefa Gold 828:Jewish Veg 813:grassroots 809:Jewish Veg 730:Guru Nanak 706:said that 704:Guru Nanak 696:Sikh gurus 677:Kutha meat 493:prohibits 429:Vaishnavas 363:Modern day 7783:in France 7723:geography 7708:education 7610:Sexuality 7515:Evolution 7500:Economics 7402:sexuality 7367:mythology 7305:happiness 7295:geography 7275:ethnicity 7203:communism 7058:Fertility 7043:Astronomy 7038:Anarchism 6494:Chefs and 6266:Elmer Lee 5935:Tom Regan 5840:Joel Kahn 5674:authors, 5624:Magazines 5533:Vegucated 5044:Companies 4878:Veganuary 4676:Mock duck 4568:and drink 4543:Rastafari 4483:Religious 4374:Festivals 4338:Nutrition 4255:Nutrition 3513:. 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