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Throughout the whole country the people do not kill any living creature, nor drink intoxicating liquor, nor eat onions or garlic. The only exception is that of the
Chandalas. That is the name for those who are (held to be) wicked men, and live apart from others. ... In that country they do not keep
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pigs and fowls, and do not sell live cattle; in the markets there are no butchers' shops and no dealers in intoxicating drink. In buying and selling commodities they use cowries. Only the
Chandalas are fishermen and hunters, and sell flesh meat.
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were created on a particular occasion and have remained virtually unchanged. Historically this order of society, notions of purity and pollution were central, and activities were delineated in this context.
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There are frequent references to the forest-dwellers in the post-Rigvedic literature; the
Chandalas were one of these primitive people, who belonged to the fringes of the society.
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Though he is physically almost practically unknown, save and except in Bengal, calling someone a
Chandal is the ultimate insult and humiliation of a Hindu anywhere under the sun.
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classes, mentioning the
Chandala group in particular, who were said to be the untouchable class of people born of the union between a Shudra male and a Brahmin female.
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97:. However, since the Vedic corpus constitute the earliest literary source, it came to be seen as the origin of caste society. In this view of caste,
240:, similarly means those outside the varna system. Chandala is a term referring to "unclean" castes and is used as a vlur in many parts of India.
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divides the society into four groups ordered in a hierarchy; beyond these, outside the system, lies a fifth group known as the
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This article is about the outcaste group in
Hinduism. For the modern-day community in Bengal formerly known as Chandals, see
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is used as a pejorative or an insult among Hindus, even though castes known as such are not practically present outside
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362:(1886). "On To Mathura Or Muttra. Condition And Customs Of Central India; Of The Monks, Viharas, And Monasteries.".
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Panchama means "of the fifth," and therefore outside the fourfold classical system of caste, or
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During his travel across India in the 4th-5th centuries CE, Chinese traveler
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was a hierarchical social order in ancient India, based primarily on the
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The Pariah
Problem: Caste, Religion, and the Social in Modern India
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66:) is a Sanskrit word for someone who deals with the disposal of
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mentioned
Chandalas while talking about the people of India:
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classification. They were referred to as belonging to the "
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The
Namasudras of Bengal: profile of a persecuted people
308:. University of California Press. pp. 63, 511.
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110:, of which the Chandala became a constituent part.
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278:. Lynne Rienner Publishers. pp. 3â4.
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473:Scheduled Castes of Himachal Pradesh
137:mentions their degradation from the
415:Dictionary of Hindu Lore and Legend
275:Untouchable: Dalits in Modern India
261:. Concept publishing. pp. 2â3.
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113:The first mention of the fourfold
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508:Scheduled Castes of Uttarakhand
365:A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms
335:. Blumoon Books. p. viii.
163:Reference by travelers to India
117:division is found in the later
47:A man belonging to Chandala or
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503:Scheduled Castes of Jharkhand
498:Scheduled Castes of Rajasthan
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51:caste in East Bengal in 1860.
417:, Thames & Hudson, 2004
255:Chandrashekhar Bhat (1984).
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488:Scheduled Castes of Gujarat
458:Scheduled Castes of Haryana
443:Social groups of Bangladesh
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468:Scheduled Castes of Bihar
463:Scheduled Castes of Delhi
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27:Outcaste in Hindu society
214:Viswanath, Rupa (2014).
147:In many parts of India,
38:Chandal (disambiguation)
513:Social groups of Assam
453:Social groups of Nepal
329:Biswas, A. K. (2000).
272:S. M. Michael (1999).
258:Ethnicity and Mobility
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36:. For other uses, see
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133:, meaning fifth. The
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413:Anna Dallapiccola,
383:Bodhipaksa (2016).
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198:References
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157:Namasudras
135:Yajur-Veda
192:Namasudra
131:panchamas
49:Namasudra
34:Namasudra
18:Chandalas
302:(2004).
181:See also
60:Sanskrit
56:Chandala
149:Chandal
119:Rigveda
86:History
68:corpses
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360:Faxian
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153:Bengal
99:varášas
74:lower
64:ŕ¤ŕ¤ŁŕĽŕ¤Ąŕ¤žŕ¤˛
234:varna
139:varáša
129:" or
123:varáša
115:varáša
104:Varáša
91:Varáša
76:caste
72:Hindu
419:ISBN
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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