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561:
65:
1341:, despite having made a speech 2 weeks before, saying there would be no such reforms. Initiated on 22 January 1991, it was intended to withdraw money from circulation for reallocation to the production of consumer goods, which were in short supply. In a speech, Pavlov stated that the reason for the withdrawal was the government's belief that money was being sent to the Soviet Union from abroad, fueling inflation. Although ridiculed by the Soviet press at the time, three years later the truth of Pavlov's statement was verified.
2956:
1483:. On 21 June, four days after Pavlov's speech, Gorbachev addressed the Supreme Soviet and told delegates that there were no differences in opinion between him and Pavlov. Even when he had been able to secure his position, Gorbachev's power within the system was already faltering, although he succeeded in getting the enhanced powers previously given to the Cabinet of Ministers reversed. The power struggle between Gorbachev and Pavlov was not over, with Gorbachev, on July 29, 1991, promising Yeltsin and
1222:
1606:
1381:. Exchange could be postponed, but only through specialized government commissions. Due to this short exchange window, long queues formed in front of Soviet savings banks, even though it was also possible to exchange money at workplaces and post offices. This reform also dealt a crippling blow to Soviet citizens who had saved their money and could not move fast enough to get it exchanged; some lost as much as 15,000 - 30,000 rubles overnight.
490:. He succeeded Gostev to become Minister of Finance in Ryzhkov's government in 1989 and his time in the post was considered uncontroversial, even though Lira Rozenova, Deputy Chairman of the State Committee for Prices, was not elected to the post of Chairman of the State Committee for her advocacy of Pavlov-backed plans for centrally administered price reform. He was the only minister in Ryzhkov's Government who was also a member of the
1318:
1459:
and the
Ministry of Defense. According to Laptev, the mood was such that if a vote had been taken Pavlov would have won. At the time, both the Soviet secret police and the military establishment in general wanted to strengthen the authority of the Soviet Government and so they too supported Pavlov's
1584:
that
Gorbachev was indisposed. As the day wore on it soon became apparent that Pavlov had been drinking since he issued several contradictory orders and repeated himself. In retrospect he admitted that he had been drinking with his son the day before. On the same day, his fellow plotters decided to
1397:
In June 1991, Pavlov, who felt that the office of Prime
Minister had limited power, discovered that Gorbachev planned to replace him as Prime Minister. In response, he arrived at the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union "visibly nervous", and in his report to the Supreme Soviet, he was forced to tell
1384:
In the end the reform proved unsuccessful. The government only managed to withdraw 14 billion rubles from circulation of the country's money supply against an intended target of 81.5 billion rubles. As a result, the Pavlov reform did not put an end to inflation. Prices for items including food and
1296:
upon his election as Prime
Minister, and the Soviet press described him as a "bold and complex man" who was against full marketization but who believed that the Soviet Union was even more oppressive towards workers than even the most advanced capitalist societies. One of his first actions as Prime
1617:
between 1994 and 1995. He resigned at the request of the bank's board of directors, who informed him that they had decided "to provide him an indefinite leave of absence." In
February 1996, shortly after his resignation, the bank's license was revoked for violating the banking laws set up by the
419:
from abroad. Although ridiculed at the time, the statement was later proven to be true. In June the same year, Pavlov called for a transfer of power from the
President of the Soviet Union to the Prime Minister and the Cabinet of Ministers. When that failed, he joined a plot to oust Gorbachev. In
1413:
According to Pavlov, the union's problems remained insoluble as long as
Gorbachev retained so much power and had limited time to address important issues. To break the impasse, Pavlov called for a transfer of power from the President of the Soviet Union to the Prime Minister and the Cabinet of
1349:
ordering the Soviet financial system to stop accepting and exchanging banknotes issued in 1961. The directive also included 50-ruble and 100-ruble banknotes issued in 1991. On 23 January 1991, the government began restricting monthly bank deposit withdrawals to 500 rubles with the official
466:
in 1979, and became a member of the State
Planning Committee's board in 1981. He held the office as head of the State Planning Committee's Finance Department, the department which oversaw all aspects of the country's planned economy. He served as First Deputy Minister of Finance in
1549:
in August 1991. Pavlov's inclusion in the committee has been used to demonstrate its unwillingness to revert to pre-Gorbachev policies. The committee's main goal was to ensure that the Soviet Union continued as a highly centralized union state. The
Emergency Committee was led by
424:, which tried to prevent the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Pavlov was arrested for his involvement in the coup and went on to work in the banking sector in post-Soviet Russia. He can be seen as the last legitimate Soviet head of government since his successor,
3183:
1454:
to take part in constitutional negotiations and he promised to tell
Gorbachev about the vote. In his place stood Ivan Laptev, a pro-Gorbachev reformer, who did not trust Lukyanov and tried to stall the vote by demanding a statement from the KGB,
1414:
Ministers, (specifically, he wanted the Cabinet to have the right to issue decrees on economic affairs without the approval of the president, to propose legislation on its own, a larger role in social and economic policy making, control over the
3168:
1418:
and he taxation inspectorate, and a special mandate to go after organized crime), even creating a five-point resolution to that end for the legislature to consider. Pavlov received support for the idea from the
1369:
who failed to follow Pavlov's orders, along with the widespread existence of local monopolies, which tended to have their own definition of luxury goods and as a result imposed higher prices on such items.
765:
1276:
following a heart attack in December 1990, Pavlov was elected to the new position of Prime Minister as a compromise candidate, and became chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers. He and his two
525:. In 1993 he proudly admitted that during his tenure as Minister of Finance, and later Prime Minister, he had deceived several Western banks and creditors by lying about the Soviet Union's
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441:
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333:
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1435:
to comment on the proposal. In retrospect, Alksnis notes that this resolution could have become a coup d'état had Pavlov consulted with them earlier. According to historian
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on 14 January, with 279 votes in favor, 75 against, and 66 abstained, while approval for the majority of his ministers followed within a few weeks. Pavlov was considered a
3213:
1044:
656:
641:
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3026:
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916:
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transport rose by 100–300 percent, while the Soviet standard of living decreased sharply and the state budget deficit increased by an estimated 20–30 percent of
1361:, in particular, were now considered free in the sense that negotiation became possible between producers and the distributor. According to Philip Hanson in his book,
517:, having overseen a rapid increase in the Soviet money supply and the increase in inflation it caused. Pavlov also set the exchange rate for the ruble against the
3208:
1521:
was prompted by the slow disintegration of the Soviet Union that resulted from Gorbachev's reform policy and Yeltsin's drive towards an independent Russia. The
2624:
1626:
between 1996 and 1997, and in 1998 also became a vice president of the American firm Business Management Systems. He worked both as vice president of both the
1259:
672:
1589:
where his wife took care of him. As with all the others, Pavlov was arrested following the collapse of the coup. Shortly after Pavlov was hospitalized with
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2593:
753:
667:
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1293:
941:
636:
3100:
3085:
1472:
646:
450:(bureaucratic) career as a government economist; he started working for as an official of the Ministry of Finance in 1959, and became a member of the
3193:
3080:
3075:
3060:
1174:
3178:
2424:
3110:
713:
1576:, the KGB Chairman, had told Pavlov of the coup on 18 August, one day before it began. He was asked by Kryuchkov to meet his co-plotters at the
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1614:
1403:
884:
478:
on 15 August 1986, and retained that post until 7 June 1989. Throughout the period, and later as Minister of Finance, Pavlov supported the
459:
429:
373:
265:
2952:
1698:Постановление Верховного Совета СССР от 28 августа 1991 г. № 2366-I «Об освобождении Павлова В. С. от обязанностей Премьер-министра СССР»
1559:
1529:, which weakened the government's already tenuous hold on the economy. Pavlov received a draft of the New Union Treaty on 12 August at a
1456:
411:, commonly referred to as the Pavlov reform, in early 1991. Early on he told the media that the reform was initiated to halt the flow of
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381:
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1555:
1252:
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502:
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1326:
602:
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2732:
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program. Soyuz, through a vote, was able to increase the powers of the Cabinet of Ministers, and gave the institution the right of
1446:
By the afternoon, the majority of Soyuz members favored an immediate vote. The Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union,
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1179:
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874:
612:
487:
115:
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703:
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2529:
2501:
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2459:
2238:
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2027:
1974:
1907:
1821:
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whilst remaining in custody. He was released on recognizance not to leave in January 1993 and granted amnesty by the Russian
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534:
491:
1518:
1512:
421:
3130:
1530:
1159:
3163:
3123:
849:
625:
580:
451:
320:
1545:
Opposing the decentralization stance taken in the treaty, Pavlov was one of the key players in the establishment of the
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2911:
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1432:
1358:
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1039:
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808:
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538:
522:
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161:
107:
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911:
607:
1427:, who called for an immediate vote on the issue. However, several members of Soyuz also demanded a statement by the
3173:
1934:
1306:
1164:
1100:
923:
797:
541:. Silayev never forgave Pavlov and relations between the two grew even more icy when Pavlov became Soviet Premier.
1338:
1034:
743:
365:
1298:
1189:
1139:
844:
834:
1526:
1475:, told Gorbachev of the possibility of a coup attempt against him, and the Soviet leader became worried when
1366:
1105:
1074:
585:
22:
2371:
1655:
1353:
Under the orders of Pavlov, the Government freed forty percent of prices on 1 January 1991, and introduced
1120:
552:
400:'s second government. He went on to succeed Ryzhkov as head of government in the newly established post of
3223:
2633:
2521:
2019:
1717:
1496:
1089:
1049:
1024:
864:
514:
505:– Pavlov was the only nominee from Ryzhkov's second government to be overwhelmingly elected by the
455:
401:
79:
3218:
1373:
Soviet citizens had only three days from 23 to 25 January to exchange their old 50 ruble and 100 ruble
1110:
560:
64:
1069:
475:
389:
202:
2441:
2319:
1398:
delegates of the faltering state of the Soviet economy. However, Pavlov blamed this on the ongoing
823:
818:
813:
2451:
1935:Постановление Верховного Совета СССР от 14 января 1991 г. N 1900-I «О Премьер-министре СССР»
906:
738:
3184:
Members of the Central Committee of the 28th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
1350:
explanation that this was to freeze the income of corrupt officials, capitalists and criminals.
1623:
1619:
1770:
479:
1899:
1889:
1679:
1638:
1627:
296:
3158:
3153:
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1484:
957:
518:
1580:, where on 19 August, he and his co-conspirators appeared on live television and told the
8:
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1468:
1226:
1054:
733:
498:
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2740:
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2418:
2230:
2220:
1813:
1573:
1492:
1407:
1115:
2445:
2343:
1389:. In the aftermath of the reform, inflation exceeded the 50 percent mark every month.
529:. In 1989, Pavlov gathered together enough information on the errors and omissions of
2887:
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2782:
2714:
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2573:
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2546:
2525:
2515:
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2234:
2187:
2023:
1970:
1903:
1895:
1817:
1757:
1718:"Valentin Pavlov: Gorbachev's prime minister and figurehead of the 1991 Russian coup"
1476:
1342:
1285:
1281:
1064:
127:
122:
100:
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2824:
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2677:
1671:
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1500:
1447:
983:
952:
349:
2490:
The Rise and Fall of the Soviet economy: An Economic History of the USSR from 1945
2295:
1752:. "Silaev, Ivan Stepanovich" [Valentin Sergeyevich Pavlov]. praviteli.org.
1499:, would be removed from their posts following the signing and ratification of the
1363:
The Rise and Fall of the Soviet economy: An Economic History of the USSR from 1945
3070:
3011:
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2854:
2776:
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2701:
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1630:
and the International Academy of Management and later headed a department of the
1551:
1534:
1420:
1334:
1273:
483:
397:
142:
2270:[President of Chasprombank resigns: Valentin Pavlov changes job again].
1613:
After his release from custody, Pavlov became a director of the commercial bank
3001:
2866:
2848:
2818:
2812:
2806:
2788:
2689:
2647:
2602:
2511:
1436:
1424:
2540:
3147:
3065:
3006:
2996:
2842:
2836:
2794:
2665:
2471:
Executive Power and Soviet Politics: The Rise and Decline of the Soviet State
1581:
1451:
1440:
1402:
between the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union and the Supreme Soviet of the
1204:
1079:
975:
510:
357:
306:
3043:
3016:
2955:
2721:
2653:
2267:Президент Часпромбанка ушел в отставку: Валентин Павлов снова меняет работу
1958:
1749:
1722:
1572:
and other hardliners who were determined to take action to oust Gorbachev.
1569:
1488:
530:
526:
468:
446:
425:
416:
412:
269:
184:
154:
3169:
Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation alumni
2991:
2872:
2800:
2398:
1966:
1410:
across the entire Soviet Union, or at least in certain economic sectors.
1399:
1149:
989:
2272:
1594:
1562:
1503:, with Nazarbayev to be appointed in Pavlov's place as Prime Minister.
1199:
328:
26:
2265:
2253:
1637:
Pavlov died in Moscow on 30 March 2003, and was buried on 2 April at
1354:
970:
2372:"Valentin S. Pavlov, 66; Soviet Prime Minister Led Failed 1991 Coup"
2016:
The Tragedy of Russia's Reforms: Market Bolshevism against Democracy
1525:
being prepared called for further decentralization of power to the
1378:
1374:
996:
965:
310:
2184:
The Collapse of Communism in the USSR: Its Causes and Significance
2324:[Pavlov, Valentin Sergeyevich] (in Russian). Archontology
1697:
1605:
1577:
1415:
1302:
677:
463:
385:
34:
1439:, Pavlov's program "was not directed as much at Gorbachev as at
1321:
A new 50-ruble banknote issued in 1991 during the Pavlov reform.
1317:
1480:
1346:
369:
361:
286:
261:
2013:
1406:(RSFSR), which, he argued, could be resolved by introducing a
1586:
1154:
432:
in breach of what were the Soviet constitutional principles.
3204:
Expelled members of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
1810:
The Central Government of Russia: From Gorbachev to Putin
1428:
1386:
2348:[Last Prime Minister of the Soviet Union dies].
2111:
2109:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
1887:
1871:
1869:
2300:[Memory Book: Chasprombank] (in Russian). Banki
2126:
2124:
2096:
2094:
509:. As Minister of Finance, Pavlov was supportive of the
1891:
The Barefoot Shoemaker: Capitalizing on the New Russia
1854:
388:. Pavlov was appointed to the post of Chairman of the
3189:
People's commissars and ministers of the Soviet Union
2517:
Democratization and Revolution in the USSR, 1985–1991
2148:
2136:
2106:
2079:
2060:
2048:
2036:
1995:
1983:
1939:
1866:
2397:Овчинников, О. (Ovchinnikov, O.) (8 November 2000).
2200:
2160:
2121:
2091:
1916:
454:
in 1962. Early in his career he also worked for the
384:, he became head of the Financial Department of the
3214:
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
1842:
1830:
1789:
1777:
1479:informed him of mysterious troop movements outside
1715:
1301:– the Cabinet of Ministers – from the
3199:State Committee on the State of Emergency members
1807:
356:; 26 September 1937 – 30 March 2003) was a
3145:
2632:
3209:Recipients of the Order of the Badge of Honour
16:Soviet official and Russian banker (1937–2003)
2938:
2618:
2218:
2181:
1957:
1297:Minister was to move the headquarters of the
1253:
3125:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
2423:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1609:Pavlov's gravestone at Pyatnitskoye Cemetery
1473:United States ambassador to the Soviet Union
1404:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
460:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
430:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
374:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
2401:[Central Bank - Central Gang ...].
1744:
1742:
1740:
1533:meeting and managed to get it published in
376:, Pavlov began his political career in the
2945:
2931:
2625:
2611:
2396:
1963:The Soviet Colossus: History and Aftermath
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1260:
1246:
440:Born in Moscow, Pavlov graduated from the
396:, and later became Minister of Finance in
63:
2254:Ъ-Газета — Пресс-конференция по делу ГКЧП
2014:Reddaway, Peter; Glinski, Dmitri (2001).
1547:State Committee on the State of Emergency
471:'s ministry from January to August 1986.
409:initiated the 1991 Soviet monetary reform
408:
92:14 January 1991 – 28 August 1991
3194:Ministers of finance of the Soviet Union
2962:Ministers of Finance of the Soviet Union
2538:
1860:
1748:
1737:
1604:
1365:, Pavlov's reform was undermined by the
1316:
462:(RSFSR). Pavlov started working for the
435:
174:17 July 1989 – 26 December 1990
3179:Heads of government of the Soviet Union
2364:
2177:
2175:
1702:
1670:, Valentin Pavlov's son Sergey Pavlov (
1600:
1312:
3146:
2563:
2487:
2468:
2154:
2142:
2115:
2085:
2073:
2054:
2042:
2001:
1989:
1945:
1875:
1836:
1795:
1622:. Pavlov then worked as an advisor to
2926:
2606:
2510:
2440:
2206:
2166:
2130:
2100:
1922:
1848:
1783:
492:Presidium of the Council of Ministers
474:Pavlov was appointed Chairman of the
215:15 August 1986 – 7 June 1989
2172:
2345:УМЕР ПОСЛЕДНИЙ ПРЕМЬЕР-МИНИСТР СССР
1716:Montgomery, Isobel (4 April 2003).
1288:, were approved and elected by the
452:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
321:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
13:
1585:depose Pavlov, sending him to his
1556:Vice President of the Soviet Union
1305:to the former headquarters of the
1290:Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
507:Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
402:Prime Minister of the Soviet Union
80:Prime Minister of the Soviet Union
14:
3240:
2587:
1888:Kvint, Vladimir Lʹvovich (1993).
1651:Order of the Red Banner of Labour
1632:International Union of Economists
544:
480:centralized price reform proposal
3229:Burials at Pyatnitskoye Cemetery
3042:
2954:
2186:. Resistance Books. p. 29.
1661:
1307:State Committee for Construction
1220:
559:
533:, the future Soviet Premier and
2434:
2390:
2336:
2312:
2288:
2258:
2247:
2212:
2007:
1951:
1928:
1881:
1519:1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt
1513:1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt
1392:
1339:dissolution of the Soviet Union
422:1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt
420:August, he participated in the
366:dissolution of the Soviet Union
2276:(in Russian). 2 September 1995
1801:
1691:
1644:
1506:
1329:, commonly referred to as the
1327:Soviet monetary reform of 1991
1:
1423:parliamentary faction leader
1272:Following the resignation of
1175:Political abuse of psychiatry
754:Congress of People's Deputies
23:Eastern Slavic naming customs
2634:Premiers of the Soviet Union
1656:Order of the Badge of Honour
1457:Ministry of Internal Affairs
1309:to strengthen his position.
1278:First Deputy Prime Ministers
553:Politics of the Soviet Union
537:, to weaken his position as
7:
2878:Vladilen Niktin (1989–1990)
2570:McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP
2522:Brookings Institution Press
2399:"ЦБ - центральный Банд ..."
2352:(in Russian). 31 March 2003
2297:Книга памяти: "Часпромбанк"
2020:US Institute of Peace Press
1491:, Minister of Defense, and
1450:, had already departed for
714:Central Executive Committee
380:in 1959. Later, during the
354:Валéнтин Серге́евич Па́влов
346:Valentin Sergeyevich Pavlov
10:
3245:
3164:Businesspeople from Moscow
2598:archives (requires log-in)
2321:Павлов, Валентин Сергеевич
1808:Shevchenko, Iulia (2004).
1666:In 2000 with support from
1510:
21:In this name that follows
20:
3119:
3051:
3040:
2969:
2912:Prime Ministers of Russia
2897:
2731:
2640:
2539:McCauley, Martin (1998).
1675:
1070:Material balance planning
771:1989 Legislative election
476:State Committee on Prices
407:As Prime Minister Pavlov
390:State Committee on Prices
353:
339:
327:
316:
302:
292:
275:
248:
243:
239:
229:
219:
208:
203:State Committee on Prices
200:
196:Vladimir Yefimovich Orlov
190:
178:
167:
160:
148:
136:
106:
96:
85:
78:
74:
62:
53:
46:
2344:
2320:
2296:
2266:
1685:
1487:that Pavlov, along with
885:Administrator of Affairs
464:State Planning Committee
444:in 1958. He started his
442:Moscow Finance Institute
386:State Planning Committee
334:Moscow Finance Institute
54:
3174:Politicians from Moscow
3052:Deputy heads of Finance
2488:Hanson, Philip (2003).
2469:Huskey, Eugene (1992).
2452:Oxford University Press
1227:Soviet Union portal
739:Soviet of Nationalities
428:, was appointed by the
2566:A Democracy of Despots
2219:Nadel, Laurie (1992).
2182:Lorimer, Doug (1997).
1620:Central Bank of Russia
1610:
1462:legislative initiative
1322:
1170:Ideological repression
1060:Science and technology
368:. Born in the city of
360:official who became a
2902:First Deputy Premiers
1680:East-West United Bank
1639:Pyatnitskoye Cemetery
1628:Free Economic Society
1608:
1511:Further information:
1320:
603:Collective leadership
436:Early life and career
364:banker following the
297:Pyatnitskoye Cemetery
116:First Deputy Premiers
2564:Murray, Don (1995).
2447:The Gorbachev Factor
2022:. pp. 273–274.
1601:Later life and death
1485:Nursultan Nazarbayev
1467:Shortly afterwards,
1313:1991 monetary reform
1180:Political repression
1145:Censorship of images
875:First Deputy Premier
613:Presidential Council
535:Russian SFSR Premier
488:Council of Ministers
235:Vyacheslav Senchagov
2596:The Washington Post
1668:Viktor Gerashchenko
1497:Chairman of the KGB
1469:Jack F. Matlock Jr.
1433:Ministry of Defense
1347:presidential decree
1195:Suppressed research
1185:Population transfer
1055:New Economic Policy
734:Soviet of the Union
704:Congress of Soviets
523:Soviet black market
499:Eduard Shevardnadze
456:Ministry of Finance
415:transported to the
378:Ministry of Finance
372:, then part of the
162:Minister of Finance
3224:Russian communists
3132:Russian Federation
3096:Nikolai Garetovsky
2982:Nikolai Bryukhanov
2977:Grigori Sokolnikov
1814:Ashgate Publishing
1678:) was a banker at
1611:
1574:Vladimir Kryuchkov
1493:Vladimir Kryuchkov
1408:state of emergency
1323:
929:Procurator General
917:Military Collegium
486:, Chairman of the
3219:Anti-revisionists
3141:
3140:
3033:Vladimir Rayevsky
2920:
2919:
2579:978-0-7735-1360-0
2556:978-0-582-43758-6
2547:Pearson Education
2531:978-0-8157-3748-3
2503:978-0-582-29958-0
2494:Pearson Education
2480:978-1-56324-059-1
2461:978-0-19-288052-9
2376:Los Angeles Times
2240:978-1-56294-170-3
2193:978-0-909196-73-8
2029:978-1-929223-06-0
1976:978-0-7656-2387-4
1909:978-1-55970-182-2
1896:Arcade Publishing
1823:978-0-7546-3982-4
1765:Missing or empty
1560:Interior Minister
1477:Anatoly Chernyaev
1357:of 5%. Prices of
1343:Mikhail Gorbachev
1299:Soviet Government
1282:Vladimir Velichko
1270:
1269:
1212:
1211:
1065:Era of Stagnation
1007:
1006:
892:
891:
780:
779:
686:
685:
657:General Secretary
642:Central Committee
343:
342:
259:26 September 1937
123:Vladimir Velichko
101:Mikhail Gorbachev
3236:
3133:
3126:
3101:Vladimir Panskov
3086:Victor Dementsev
3046:
2963:
2959:
2958:
2947:
2940:
2933:
2924:
2923:
2890:(Jan.–Nov. 1991)
2884:(Jan.–Nov. 1991)
2767:(Mar.–June 1953)
2724:(Aug.–Dec. 1991)
2710:(Jan.–Aug. 1991)
2627:
2620:
2613:
2604:
2603:
2583:
2560:
2535:
2507:
2484:
2465:
2429:
2428:
2422:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2262:
2256:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2222:The Kremlin Coup
2216:
2210:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2179:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2152:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2128:
2119:
2113:
2104:
2098:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1980:
1955:
1949:
1943:
1937:
1932:
1926:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1885:
1879:
1873:
1864:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1787:
1781:
1775:
1774:
1768:
1763:
1761:
1753:
1746:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1713:
1700:
1695:
1677:
1567:Defense Minister
1531:Security Council
1523:New Union Treaty
1501:New Union Treaty
1448:Anatoly Lukyanov
1286:Vitaly Doguzhiev
1262:
1255:
1248:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1160:Collectivization
1020:
1019:
984:De-Stalinization
958:Marxism–Leninism
953:Soviet democracy
947:
946:
850:State Committees
793:
792:
699:
698:
631:
630:
563:
549:
548:
503:Foreign Minister
355:
282:
258:
256:
244:Personal details
232:
225:Nikolai Glushkov
222:
213:
201:Chairman of the
193:
181:
172:
151:
139:
128:Vitaly Doguzhiev
90:
67:
57:
44:
43:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3233:
3144:
3143:
3142:
3137:
3131:
3124:
3115:
3091:Valentin Pavlov
3081:Vladimir Sitnin
3076:Alexei Poskonov
3071:Vasily Garbuzov
3061:Alexei Poskonov
3053:
3047:
3038:
3022:Valentin Pavlov
3012:Vasily Garbuzov
2987:Hryhoriy Hrynko
2970:Head of Finance
2965:
2961:
2953:
2951:
2921:
2916:
2907:Deputy Premiers
2893:
2727:
2636:
2631:
2590:
2580:
2557:
2532:
2504:
2481:
2473:. M.E. Sharpe.
2462:
2437:
2432:
2416:
2415:
2408:
2406:
2395:
2391:
2381:
2379:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2355:
2353:
2346:
2342:
2341:
2337:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2294:
2293:
2289:
2279:
2277:
2268:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2252:
2248:
2241:
2227:Millbrook Press
2217:
2213:
2205:
2201:
2194:
2180:
2173:
2165:
2161:
2153:
2149:
2141:
2137:
2129:
2122:
2114:
2107:
2099:
2092:
2084:
2080:
2072:
2061:
2053:
2049:
2041:
2037:
2030:
2012:
2008:
2000:
1996:
1988:
1984:
1977:
1969:. p. 396.
1956:
1952:
1944:
1940:
1933:
1929:
1921:
1917:
1910:
1886:
1882:
1874:
1867:
1859:
1855:
1847:
1843:
1835:
1831:
1824:
1806:
1802:
1794:
1790:
1782:
1778:
1766:
1764:
1755:
1754:
1747:
1738:
1728:
1726:
1714:
1703:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1664:
1647:
1603:
1552:Gennady Yanayev
1515:
1509:
1395:
1367:Union Republics
1335:monetary reform
1333:, was the last
1315:
1274:Nikolai Ryzhkov
1266:
1237:
1233:Other countries
1221:
1219:
1214:
1213:
1125:
1017:
1009:
1008:
980:
944:
934:
933:
902:
894:
893:
828:
790:
782:
781:
696:
688:
687:
682:
628:
626:Communist Party
618:
617:
576:
547:
519:American dollar
501:– Soviet
484:Nikolai Ryzhkov
438:
398:Nikolai Ryzhkov
317:Political party
284:
280:
260:
254:
252:
230:
220:
214:
209:
191:
179:
173:
168:
149:
143:Nikolai Ryzhkov
137:
132:
119:
118:
91:
86:
70:
58:
56:Валентин Павлов
55:
49:
48:Valentin Pavlov
42:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3242:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3128:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3108:
3106:Vladimir Orlov
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3057:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3029:
3027:Vladimir Orlov
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
3002:Alexei Kosygin
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2973:
2971:
2967:
2966:
2950:
2949:
2942:
2935:
2927:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2885:
2879:
2876:
2870:
2864:
2858:
2852:
2846:
2840:
2834:
2828:
2822:
2816:
2810:
2804:
2798:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2774:
2768:
2762:
2756:
2750:
2744:
2737:
2735:
2733:First Deputies
2729:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2719:
2711:
2705:
2699:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2675:
2669:
2663:
2657:
2651:
2644:
2642:
2638:
2637:
2630:
2629:
2622:
2615:
2607:
2601:
2600:
2589:
2588:External links
2586:
2585:
2584:
2578:
2561:
2555:
2536:
2530:
2508:
2502:
2485:
2479:
2466:
2460:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2389:
2378:. 1 April 2003
2363:
2335:
2311:
2287:
2257:
2246:
2239:
2211:
2209:, p. 429.
2199:
2192:
2171:
2169:, p. 426.
2159:
2157:, p. 116.
2147:
2145:, p. 112.
2135:
2133:, p. 290.
2120:
2118:, p. 111.
2105:
2103:, p. 435.
2090:
2088:, p. 215.
2078:
2076:, p. 110.
2059:
2057:, p. 233.
2047:
2045:, p. 232.
2035:
2028:
2006:
2004:, p. 114.
1994:
1992:, p. 113.
1982:
1975:
1950:
1948:, p. 191.
1938:
1927:
1925:, p. 153.
1915:
1908:
1880:
1878:, p. 109.
1865:
1863:, p. 191.
1853:
1851:, p. 334.
1841:
1829:
1822:
1816:. p. 32.
1800:
1788:
1786:, p. 131.
1776:
1736:
1701:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:, Luxembourg.
1663:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1646:
1643:
1602:
1599:
1578:Moscow Kremlin
1542:on 14 August.
1508:
1505:
1437:Jerry F. Hough
1425:Viktor Alksnis
1394:
1391:
1359:consumer goods
1345:then signed a
1314:
1311:
1303:Moscow Kremlin
1268:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1257:
1250:
1242:
1239:
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1093:
1085:
1084:
1083:
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1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1050:Kosygin reform
1047:
1045:Five-Year Plan
1042:
1040:Consumer goods
1037:
1029:
1028:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1005:
1004:
1003:
1002:
1001:
1000:
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973:
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932:
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924:People's Court
921:
920:
919:
909:
903:
900:
899:
896:
895:
890:
889:
888:
887:
882:
880:Deputy Premier
877:
869:
868:
860:
859:
858:
857:
852:
847:
839:
838:
830:
829:
827:
826:
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811:
809:Official names
805:
802:
801:
791:
788:
787:
784:
783:
778:
777:
776:
775:
774:
773:
768:
758:
757:
749:
748:
747:
746:
741:
736:
728:
727:
724:Supreme Soviet
719:
718:
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716:
708:
707:
697:
694:
693:
690:
689:
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683:
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680:
675:
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639:
629:
624:
623:
620:
619:
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615:
610:
605:
600:
599:
598:
596:Vice President
593:
583:
577:
574:
573:
570:
569:
565:
564:
556:
555:
546:
545:Prime minister
543:
539:Deputy Premier
515:Soviet economy
437:
434:
341:
340:
337:
336:
331:
325:
324:
318:
314:
313:
304:
300:
299:
294:
290:
289:
283:(aged 65)
277:
273:
272:
250:
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233:
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217:
216:
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113:
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110:
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103:
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93:
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82:
76:
75:
72:
71:
69:Pavlov in 1991
68:
60:
59:
51:
50:
47:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3241:
3230:
3227:
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3200:
3197:
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3185:
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3180:
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3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3134:
3129:
3127:
3122:
3121:
3118:
3112:
3111:Andrei Zverev
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3066:Arseny Zverev
3064:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3050:
3045:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3007:Arseny Zverev
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2997:Arseny Zverev
2995:
2993:
2990:
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2628:
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2614:
2609:
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2599:
2597:
2592:
2591:
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2575:
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2562:
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2552:
2548:
2544:
2543:
2537:
2533:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2486:
2482:
2476:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2442:Brown, Archie
2439:
2438:
2426:
2420:
2404:
2400:
2393:
2377:
2373:
2367:
2351:
2347:
2339:
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2315:
2299:
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2274:
2269:
2261:
2255:
2250:
2242:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2223:
2215:
2208:
2203:
2195:
2189:
2185:
2178:
2176:
2168:
2163:
2156:
2151:
2144:
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2127:
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2117:
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2110:
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2056:
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2031:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1998:
1991:
1986:
1978:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1959:Kort, Michael
1954:
1947:
1942:
1936:
1931:
1924:
1919:
1911:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1892:
1884:
1877:
1872:
1870:
1862:
1861:McCauley 1998
1857:
1850:
1845:
1839:, p. 87.
1838:
1833:
1825:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1804:
1798:, p. 88.
1797:
1792:
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1706:
1699:
1694:
1690:
1683:
1681:
1676:Сергей Павлов
1673:
1669:
1662:Personal life
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1642:
1640:
1635:
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1629:
1625:
1624:Promstroybank
1621:
1616:
1607:
1598:
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1592:
1588:
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1582:Soviet people
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1452:Novo-Ogaryovo
1449:
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1426:
1422:
1417:
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1405:
1401:
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1382:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1337:prior to the
1336:
1332:
1331:Pavlov reform
1328:
1319:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1287:
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1241:
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1234:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1218:
1217:
1206:
1205:Soviet Empire
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
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1163:
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3017:Boris Gostev
2713:
2707:
2595:
2594:Obituary in
2565:
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2512:Hough, Jerry
2489:
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2435:Bibliography
2407:. Retrieved
2405:(in Russian)
2403:Compromat.ru
2402:
2392:
2380:. Retrieved
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1750:Staff writer
1727:. Retrieved
1723:The Guardian
1721:
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1615:Chasprombank
1612:
1591:hypertension
1570:Dmitry Yazov
1544:
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1489:Dmitry Yazov
1466:
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1393:Coup attempt
1383:
1377:for the new
1372:
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1294:conservative
1271:
1165:Human rights
1155:Gulag system
1130:
1101:Demographics
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1023:
995:
988:
863:
833:
798:Constitution
796:
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655:
531:Ivan Silayev
496:
473:
469:Boris Gostev
447:nomenklatura
445:
439:
426:Ivan Silayev
417:Soviet Union
406:
382:Brezhnev Era
345:
344:
281:(2003-03-30)
270:Soviet Union
266:Russian SFSR
231:Succeeded by
210:
192:Succeeded by
185:Boris Gostev
169:
155:Ivan Silayev
150:Succeeded by
87:
38:
30:
18:
3159:2003 deaths
3154:1937 births
3054:(1946–1992)
2992:Vlas Chubar
2875:(1989–1990)
2869:(1988–1990)
2863:(1985–1989)
2861:Murakhovsky
2857:(1985–1988)
2851:(1983–1985)
2845:(1982–1987)
2839:(1980–1986)
2833:(1976–1980)
2827:(1965–1973)
2821:(1965–1978)
2815:(1963–1965)
2809:(1960–1964)
2803:(1958–1960)
2797:(1957–1958)
2791:(1955–1957)
2785:(1955–1957)
2779:(1955–1964)
2773:(1953–1957)
2761:(1950–1955)
2755:(1942–1957)
2749:(1941–1946)
2747:Voznesensky
2743:(1934–1935)
2718:(Aug. 1991)
2704:(1985–1991)
2698:(1980–1985)
2692:(1964–1980)
2686:(1958–1964)
2680:(1955–1958)
2674:(1953–1955)
2668:(1941–1953)
2662:(1930–1941)
2656:(1924–1930)
2650:(1923–1924)
2155:Murray 1995
2143:Murray 1995
2116:Murray 1995
2086:Murray 1995
2074:Murray 1995
2055:Hanson 2003
2043:Hanson 2003
2002:Huskey 1992
1990:Huskey 1992
1967:M.E. Sharpe
1946:Murray 1995
1876:Murray 1995
1837:Huskey 1992
1796:Huskey 1992
1645:Decorations
1539:Moscow News
1507:August Coup
1400:War of Laws
1150:Great Purge
1116:Phraseology
1035:Agriculture
990:Perestroika
865:Premiership
695:Legislature
673:Secretariat
497:Along with
482:posited by
392:during the
323:(1962–1991)
303:Nationality
221:Preceded by
180:Preceded by
138:Preceded by
35:family name
31:Sergeyevich
3148:Categories
2888:Doguzhiyev
2771:Kaganovich
2715:Doguzhiyev
2684:Khrushchev
2273:Kommersant
2229:. p.
2207:Hough 1997
2167:Hough 1997
2131:Brown 1997
2101:Hough 1997
1923:Brown 1997
1898:. p.
1849:Hough 1997
1784:Hough 1997
1767:|url=
1595:State Duma
1563:Boris Pugo
1200:Red Terror
1190:Propaganda
1140:Censorship
1131:Repression
845:Ministries
835:Government
789:Governance
575:Leadership
329:Alma mater
255:1937-09-26
27:patronymic
2867:Maslyukov
2825:Polyansky
2783:Pervukhin
2741:Kuybyshev
2542:Gorbachev
2419:cite news
2409:12 August
1597:in 1994.
1527:republics
1375:banknotes
1355:sales tax
1106:Education
1075:Transport
971:Stalinism
901:Judiciary
744:Presidium
668:Politburo
586:President
211:In office
170:In office
97:President
88:In office
2882:Velichko
2837:Arkhipov
2831:Tikhonov
2759:Bulganin
2696:Tikhonov
2678:Bulganin
2672:Malenkov
2641:Premiers
2514:(1997).
2444:(1997).
2382:27 March
1961:(2010).
1758:cite web
1431:and the
1379:currency
1121:Religion
997:Glasnost
966:Leninism
942:Ideology
855:Cabinets
637:Congress
285:Moscow,
2873:Voronin
2855:Talyzin
2849:Gromyko
2819:Mazurov
2813:Ustinov
2807:Kosygin
2789:Saburov
2777:Mikoyan
2753:Molotov
2722:Silayev
2702:Ryzhkov
2690:Kosygin
2660:Molotov
2356:3 April
2328:3 April
2304:3 April
2280:3 April
1729:3 April
1672:Russian
1441:Yeltsin
1416:Gosbank
1090:Culture
1025:Economy
1016:Society
766:Speaker
678:Orgburo
647:History
581:Leaders
521:on the
513:of the
458:of the
362:Russian
350:Russian
311:Russian
2843:Aliyev
2801:Kozlov
2795:Kuzmin
2708:Pavlov
2666:Stalin
2576:
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1481:Moscow
1111:Family
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370:Moscow
358:Soviet
307:Soviet
287:Russia
262:Moscow
108:Deputy
39:Pavlov
25:, the
2765:Beria
2654:Rykov
2648:Lenin
1686:Notes
1587:dacha
1421:Soyuz
2574:ISBN
2551:ISBN
2526:ISBN
2498:ISBN
2475:ISBN
2456:ISBN
2425:link
2411:2021
2384:2013
2358:2011
2350:Utro
2330:2011
2306:2011
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1904:ISBN
1818:ISBN
1771:help
1731:2011
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249:Born
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