Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

6020: 6021: 63: 5897: 5885: 5873: 70: 1111: 1294: 1258: 140: 90: 1240: 1276: 1222: 4140: 1061: 1204: 1172: 4645: 4766: 273: 4716: 1312: 5909: 1144: 1079: 1326: 4842: 4518: 4417: 4295: 4287: 4279: 2959: 1097: 1007: 5861: 4117: 10239: 4941:). Russia took full responsibility for all the rights and obligations of the USSR under the Charter of the United Nations, including the financial obligations, and assumed control over its nuclear stockpile and the armed forces; Soviet embassies abroad became Russian embassies. On 25 December – just hours after Gorbachev resigned as president of the Soviet Union – the Russian SFSR was renamed the Russian Federation (Russia), reflecting that it was now a sovereign state with Yeltsin assuming the 10251: 2166: 6815:

Constituent Assembly decides: the Russian state is proclaimed by the Russian Democratic Federal Republic, uniting peoples and regions in an indissoluble union, within the limits established by the federal constitution. Of course, the above resolution, which did not thoroughly regulate the entire system of federal relations, was not considered by the authorities as having legal force, especially after the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly.'

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severe drought, contributed to a famine that caused between 3 and 10 million deaths. Coal production decreased from 27.5 million tons (1913) to 7 million tons (1920), while overall factory production also declined from 10,000 million roubles to 1,000 million roubles. According to the noted historian David Christian, the grain harvest was also slashed from 80.1 million tons (1913) to 46.5 million tons (1920).

247: 5495:, which existed until 9 January 1957 when the ChIASSR was re-established though only the southern border's original shape was retained. It declared sovereignty on 27 November 1990 as the Chechen-Ingush Republic. On 8 June 1991, the 2nd Chechen National Congress proclaimed a separate Chechen-Republic (Noxchi-Cho) and on 6 September began a coup which overthrew the Soviet local government. 259: 258: 251: 4407:, the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, being a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, devolves to the Union the powers which according to Article 1 of the Constitution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics are included within the scope of responsibilities of the government bodies of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. 256: 254: 4930:. Although the 12 December vote is sometimes reckoned as the moment that the RSFSR seceded from the collapsing Soviet Union, this is not the case. It appears that the RSFSR took the line that it did not need to follow the secession process delineated in the Soviet Constitution because it was not possible to secede from a country that no longer existed. 250: 255: 249: 253: 257: 252: 4989:(1917–1946) and Council of Ministers (1946–1991). The first government was headed by Vladimir Lenin as Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR and the last by Boris Yeltsin as both head of government and head of state under the title of president. The Russian SFSR was controlled by the 6154: 5606:

As noted by Corresponding Member RAS RAS V. I. Suslov, who took part in large-scale studies of the relationship between the economies of the republics of the USSR and the RSFSR in the late Soviet era: "The degree of inequality of economic exchange was very high, and Russia was always the losing side.

1983:

The RSFSR dominated the Soviet Union to a significant extent. For most of its existence, the Soviet Union was commonly (but incorrectly) referred to as "Russia". While the RSFSR itself was only one republic within the larger union, it was the largest, most powerful and most highly developed of the 15

1536:

and Siberia, trailing in production to only the United States and Saudi Arabia. In 1974, there were 475 institutes of higher education in the republic providing education in 47 languages to some 23,941,000 students. A network of territorially organized public-health services provided health care. The

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and geopolitical reality". However, based on the historical community of peoples and relations between the three states, as well as bilateral treaties, the desire for a democratic rule of law, the intention to develop their relations based on mutual recognition and respect for state sovereignty, the

4198:

issued a decree, proclaiming Russia a democratic federal republic under the name "Russian Democratic Federal Republic". However, the Bolsheviks dissolved the Assembly on the following day and declared its decrees null and void. Conversely, the Bolsheviks also reserved a number of vacant seats in the

5798:

The flag of the Russian SFSR changed numerous times, with the original being a field of red with the Russian name of the republic written on the flag's centre in white. This flag had always been intended to be temporary, as it was changed less than a year after its adoption. The second flag had the

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increasingly replacing money as a medium of exchange and, by 1921, heavy industry output had fallen to 20% of 1913 levels. 90% of wages were paid with goods rather than money. 70% of locomotives were in need of repair, and food requisitioning, combined with the effects of seven years of war and a

4916:

by an overwhelming majority: 188 votes for, 6 against and 7 abstentions. The legality of this ratification raised doubts among some members of the Russian parliament, since according to the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1978 consideration of this document was in the exclusive jurisdiction of the

6814:

However, historically, the first proclamation of the federation was made somewhat earlier – by the Constituent Assembly of Russia. In his short resolution of 6 (18) January 1918, the following was enshrined: 'In the name of the peoples, the state of the Russian constituent, the All-Russian

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after recall of its members by the several union republics). After the dissolution, Russia took full responsibility for all the rights and obligations of the USSR under the Charter of the United Nations, including the financial obligations. As such, Russia assumed the Soviet Union's

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became the starting point of the state's economic activity. In March 1921, at the X Congress of the RCP (B), the tasks of the policy of "war communism" were recognized by the country's leadership as fulfilled, and a new economic policy was introduced at Lenin's suggestion.

212: 210: 209: 198: 221: 218: 214: 207: 205: 204: 202: 201: 200: 195: 5599:(State General Planning Commission) of the RSFSR, which replaced GOELRO, was reorganized into the Gosplan of the USSR. His early task was to develop a unified national economic plan based on the electrification plan and to oversee the overall implementation of this plan. 245: 222: 216: 169: 166: 208: 206: 196: 213: 228: 5093:

and on 18 October 1991 declared its independence. The Russian constitutional court overturned the declaration on 13 March 1992. In February 1994, a separate agreement was reached with Moscow on the status of Tatarstan as an associate state in Russia with confederate

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Unlike the previous Russian constitutions, the 1978 Constitution devoted an entire chapter (Chapter II) to the description of the economic system of the RSFSR, which defined the types of property and indicated the goals of the economic tasks of the state.

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was renamed and partitioned. Upon the ratification of the new Soviet constitution, the ASSR was elevated into a full Union Republic on 3 December 1936. On 25 October 1990, it declared sovereignty and on 16 December 1991 its independence as the

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On 21 April 1992, the Congress of People's Deputies of Russia approved the renaming of the RSFSR into the Russian Federation, by making appropriate amendments to the Constitution, which entered into force since publication on 16 May 1992.

1623:

destabilised the Soviet Union. Following these events, Gorbachev lost all his remaining power, with Yeltsin superseding him as the pre-eminent figure in the country. On 8 December 1991, the heads of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus signed the

5421:. On 9 January 1957, Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast was re-established in its present borders, first as a part of Stavropol Krai and from 19 July 1958 as a part of the Kalmyk ASSR. On 18 October 1990, it declared sovereignty as the Kalmyk SSR. 5567: 1632:(CIS) as a loose replacement confederation. On 12 December, the agreement was ratified by the Supreme Soviet (the parliament of the Russian SFSR); therefore the Russian SFSR had renounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and 4735:. On 8 February 1955, Malenkov was officially demoted to deputy Prime Minister. As First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, Nikita Khrushchev's authority was significantly enhanced by Malenkov's demotion. 4876:, the capital of the Soviet Union and Russia, Yeltsin strongly supported the President of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev. On 23 August, Yeltsin, in the presence of Gorbachev, signed a decree suspending all activity by the 4925:

and recalled all Russian deputies from the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. A number of lawyers believe that the denunciation of the union treaty was meaningless since it became invalid in 1924 with the adoption of the

5503:

in early 1993. In response, the western Ingush districts after a referendum on 28 November 1991 were organised into an Ingush Republic which was officially established on 4 June 1992 by decree of Russian President as the

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of the Soviet Union with priority of Russian laws over Union-level legislation in 1990 and 1991, the last two years of the existence of the USSR. The Russian SFSR was composed of sixteen smaller constituent units of

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The economy of Russia became heavily industrialized, accounting for about two-thirds of the electricity produced in the USSR. By 1961, it was the third largest producer of petroleum due to new discoveries in the

4183:. The state it governed, which did not have an official name, would be unrecognized by neighboring countries for another five months. The initial stage of the October Revolution which involved the assault on 6845: 3178: 3117: 159: 6949: 6415: 192: 5595:

After the formation of the Soviet Union, the economy of the RSFSR became an integral part of the economy of the USSR. The economic program of the RSFSR (NEP) was continued in all union republics. The

540: 7104: 3102: 10745: 6158: 3948: 3927: 3906: 3885: 3797: 2706: 6980: 6130:"Law of the USSR of 14 March 1990 N 1360-I 'On the establishment of the office of the President of the USSR and the making of changes and additions to the Constitution (Basic Law) of the USSR'" 3781: 5443:. Upon the return of the Balkars, the KBASSR is re-instated on 9 January 1957. On 31 January 1991, the republic declared sovereignty as the Kabardino-Balkar SSR and from 10 March 1992 as the 4921:. However, by this time the Soviet government had been rendered more or less impotent, and was in no position to object. On the same day, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR denounced the 4937:

that by agreement of the member states of the CIS the Russian Federation would assume the membership of the Soviet Union in all UN organs (including the Soviet Union's permanent seat on the

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stated that " Union Republic is a sovereign state that has united in the Union" and "each Union Republic shall retain the right freely to secede from the USSR". On 12 June 1990, the

157: 9158: 8194: 7468: 7289:Закон Российской Федерации от 21 апреля 1992 года № 2708-I «Об изменениях и дополнениях Конституции (Основного Закона) Российской Советской Федеративной Социалистической Республики» 5263: 5259: 4392:

in 1913, and Lenin's goal of 8.8 billion kWh was reached in 1931. National power output continued to increase significantly. It reached 13.5 billion kWh by the end of the

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The final name for the republic during the Soviet era was adopted by the Russian Constitution of 1937, which renamed it the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR).

5349:. Upon the ratification of the new Soviet constitution, the ASSR was elevated into a full Union Republic on 3 December 1936. On 12 December 1990, it declared sovereignty as the 6481:

The Bolsheviks' enemies gave the name 'Sovdepia' to the area under the authority of the Soviets of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies. The comic-opera term was intended to mock .

4974: 5374: 4030: 1748: 9562: 9545: 5342: 5018: 4465: 1644: 272: 6799:"Round Table the Influence Of National Relations on the Development of the Federative State Structure and on the Social and Political Realities of the Russian Federation" 6312: 9592: 1628:. The agreement declared dissolution of the USSR by its original founding states (i.e., renunciation of the 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR) and established the 6104:. J. Davis. p. 58); the Mensheviks were allowed to legally hold a congress in 1920 and continued to be elected to the Congress of Soviets until being outlawed in 1921 ( 158: 5321: 5150:. Initially composed of several national districts, one-by-one these left the republic until 7 November 1924 when the remains of the republic was partitioned into the 5097: 5245: 5159: 2469: 1680: 5793: 4403:

By the will of the peoples of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, who decided on the formation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics during the

2696: 75: 9535: 7443: 1907:) for the nascent state of the Soviets of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies. Speakers of colloquial English coined the term "Bololand" to refer to the land of the 6933: 62: 10760: 10055: 9555: 2701: 2520: 1890:

of the turbulent year of 1917. Initially, the new Soviet state did not have an official name and was not recognized by neighboring countries for five months.

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At a total of about 17,125,200 km (6,612,100 sq mi), the Russian SFSR was the largest of the fifteen Soviet republics, with its southerly neighbor, the

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into an ASSR. On 27 September 1990, it declared sovereignty as the Yakut-Sakha Soviet Socialist Republic. From 21 December 1991, it has been known as the

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of the entire country. Soviet propaganda declared the plan was basically fulfilled by 1931. The national power output per year stood at 1.9 billion

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The 1978 constitution of the Russian SFSR was amended several times to reflect the transition to democracy, private property and market economy. The new

8028: 7643: 5508:. The same decree de jure created a Chechen republic, although it would be established only on 3 June 1994 and carry out partial governance during the 6972: 9789: 6862: 6438: 1774: 6070: 5557: 5487:

until 22 March when the territory was portioned between North Ossetian and Dagestan ASSRs and the Georgian SSR. The remaining land was merged with

4626: 4350: 1501: 7380: 6133: 5288:. On 16 July 1956, it was downgraded in status to that of an ASSR and re-subordinated to RSFSR. It declared sovereignty on 13 October 1991 as the 5938: 5896: 5884: 5872: 4485: 3777: 2760: 4819: 9027: 6673: 5933: 5780:

of Russia. Though this image has a Western origin, Russians themselves have accepted it. The native Soviet Russian national personification is

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was quickly advancing through the Russian SFSR, and was approximately 10 miles (16 km) away from Moscow. However, after the defeat in the

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of the Japanese home islands remains in dispute with Japan and the United States following the peace treaty of 1951 ending the state of war.

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Penguin Books, London, 4th reprint (1983), pp. 257–258. The draft treaty was published for propaganda purposes in the 1921 British document

6383: 5332: 5060: 2002:, which it remains to this day. This name and "Russia" were specified as the official state names on 21 April 1992, in an amendment to the 5210:. Re-established on 12 February 1991, it declared sovereignty on 4 September of that year. On 5 May 1992, it declared independence as the 4549:

in which the Soviets suffered over 1,100,000 casualties, they achieved victory following the surrender of the last German troops near the

4270:

within the former Russian Empire had seceded, reducing the size of the country even more, although some were conquered by the Bolsheviks.

9672: 9642: 7908: 7637: 7436: 5255: 4461: 4093: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4034: 2510: 2334: 1763: 9929: 9889: 9799: 9610: 9126: 7868: 5405:

into an ASSR. On 27 December 1943, upon the deportation of the Kalmyks, the ASSR was disbanded and split between the newly established

5317: 5241: 5078: 4827: 3373: 1577: 672: 322: 6119:

Historical Dictionary of Socialism. James C. Docherty, Peter Lamb. Page 85. "The Soviet Union was a one-party Marxist-Leninist state."

5827:, with the main difference being a minor repositioning of the hammer and sickle and most notably adding a blue vertical stripe to the 10588: 10393: 9917: 9812: 9684: 9470: 7279:// Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian SFSR and Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR Daily. – 1992. – No. 2. – Article 62 5547: 5537: 4203:

for the opposition parties in proportion to their vote share at the Congress. At the same time, a number of prominent members of the

3941: 2287: 4961:). According to law, during 1992, it was allowed to use the old name of the RSFSR for official business (forms, seals, and stamps). 10431: 10335: 9822: 9739: 9632: 8793: 7596: 7553: 2410: 2042: 1283: 1116: 7325: 7141:

Decree of the President of the Russian SFSR 06.11. 1991 N169 "On activity of the CPSU and the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR"

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had succeeded in gaining the confidence of the Soviet leaders and had thus been able to learn the inside story about Bolo affairs.

5057:

autonomous oblasts. The latter was part of the Kirgiz, then the Kazak ASSR until 1930 when it was directly subordinated to Moscow.

4880:

in the territory of Russia. On 6 November, he went further, banning the Communist Parties of the USSR and the RSFSR in the RSFSR.

9762: 9569: 9436: 8330: 8235: 8150: 7677: 7408: 4934: 4596: 4200: 3723: 3534: 1968:. The final Soviet name for the constituent republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, was adopted in the later 1355: 650: 5377:

into an ASSR. It declared sovereignty on 13 December 1990 as the Mordovian SSR. Since 25 January 1991, it has been known as the

4903:. The document, consisting of a preamble and fourteen articles, stated that the Soviet Union no longer existed "as a subject of 10765: 10725: 10535: 10287: 9460: 9305: 9034: 8451: 7486: 7429: 6309: 5844: 5207: 4346: 2621: 2202: 1950: 1589: 1403: 837: 69: 5284:

was integrated into the RSFSR's administrative structure. On 31 March 1940, it was elevated into a full Union republic as the

10614: 10501: 9947: 9448: 9414: 9402: 9397: 9288: 8546: 8209: 7888: 7619: 6916: 6872: 6781: 6754: 6727: 6655: 6641: 6184: 4927: 3550: 1533: 9874: 8930: 7183: 6341: 4994: 4869: 1616: 10473: 9984: 9752: 8880: 8592: 7845: 7625: 7571: 7481: 5030: 4850: 4619: 4050: 3920: 3727: 3680: 3218: 2638: 2455: 2339: 2232: 2197: 6932:

Courtois, Stéphane; Werth, Nicolas; Panné, Jean-Louis; Paczkowski, Andrzej; Bartošek, Karel; Margolin, Jean-Louis (1999).

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with Central Asia and East Asia. The area is rich in mineral resources, including petroleum, natural gas, and iron ore.

10594: 10350: 9912: 9907: 9627: 9575: 8325: 7944: 7561: 7491: 7476: 7272: 6906: 6282: 5428: 4922: 4913: 4909: 4862: 4823: 4813: 4805: 4259: 3715: 3705: 2913: 2658: 2529: 2364: 2282: 2212: 2207: 2192: 1961: 1927: 1704: 1629: 1605: 1569: 1565: 755: 7214: 5202:, now recognized as genocide, as collective punishment for alleged collaboration with the German occupation regime in 10790: 10775: 10599: 10164: 10115: 10048: 9859: 9587: 9189: 9093: 8758: 8647: 8582: 7883: 7742: 7566: 7537: 7527: 7362: 7037: 6943: 6694: 6578: 6467: 6263: 6209: 5199: 4986: 4477: 4242:, the establishment of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (RSFSR) was proclaimed. On 3 March 1918, the 4026: 4022: 4018: 4014: 3132: 2349: 2314: 2252: 2227: 2222: 2058: 1814: 10584: 10465: 10401: 10194: 10182: 10006: 9996: 9952: 9767: 9443: 9392: 9275: 8506: 8489: 8155: 7532: 5706: 5472: 5458: 5155: 4953:. The Soviet Union officially ceased to exist the next day. The change was originally published on 6 January 1992 ( 4538: 3962: 3508: 3496: 3397: 2682: 2450: 2303: 2217: 184: 89: 5701:

During its 76-year existence, the Russian SFSR anthem was the same as the Soviet anthem (unlike other republics):

1933:

Internationally, the Russian SFSR was recognized as an independent state in 1920 only by its bordering neighbors (

10750: 10672: 10555: 10406: 10345: 10199: 10187: 10043: 10028: 9942: 9844: 9426: 9246: 8300: 7838: 7542: 7522: 5851:, the flag of the Russian Federation was changed to the original civil ensign with its original 2:3 proportions. 5832: 5527: 4607:. The territory of the ASSR was divided between other administrative units of Russian SFSR and the Georgian SSR. 4489: 4404: 4239: 4086: 3701: 2877: 2584: 2538: 2324: 2262: 2247: 1991: 1915: 1672: 1165: 824: 654: 7232:Расчленёнка. Кто и как развалил Советский Союз: Хроника. Документы. — М., Закон и право. 1998. — C. 58. — 209 с. 6889: 5843:, with a notable difference of the flag ratio being 1:2 instead of the original 2:3 ratio. After 1993, when the 4223:) and local government (Trutovsky). Lenin's government also instituted a number of progressive measures such as 4207:

had assumed positions in Lenin's government and lead commissariats in several areas. This included agriculture (

1964:, Russia (the RSFSR), alongside the Transcaucasian SFSR, the Ukrainian SSR and the Byelorussian SSR, formed the 10416: 10140: 10120: 9817: 9431: 9256: 9184: 8905: 8531: 7964: 7416: 6505: 6377: 5637: 5231: 5105: 5050: 4425: 4204: 4164: 3432: 3347: 2802: 2359: 2344: 2293: 2050: 1908: 1859: 1752: 1133: 24: 6828: 10677: 10426: 10211: 10038: 9902: 9854: 9615: 9409: 9283: 9266: 8701: 8416: 8240: 8200: 7954: 7878: 7873: 7777: 7452: 5816: 5561: 5360: 5219: 5054: 4899:

signed the "Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States", known in media as the

4303: 4224: 3655: 3485: 3200: 2906: 2892: 2626: 2380: 2298: 2176: 1851: 1696:, nuclear stockpile and the control over the armed forces; Soviet embassies abroad became Russian embassies. 1693: 1640: 1456: 937: 307: 5391:

into an ASSR. It declared sovereignty on 20 September 1990. Since 11 October 1991, it has been known as the

10730: 10662: 10526: 10516: 10355: 9807: 9482: 9377: 9178: 9086: 8987: 8967: 8870: 8521: 8471: 8335: 8180: 8145: 7828: 5641: 5500: 5109: 4789: 4508: 4255: 4195: 3899: 3878: 3369: 2887: 2842: 2797: 2606: 2601: 2596: 2003: 1573: 1411: 113: 7301: 10647: 10421: 10088: 10070: 9836: 9694: 9655: 9622: 9312: 9300: 9216: 9118: 8885: 8622: 8494: 8401: 8355: 8345: 8310: 8190: 8065: 8050: 7704: 7670: 7082: 6097: 5831:

This version of the flag was used from 1954 all the way to 1991, where it was changed due to the ongoing

5211: 5101: 4139: 4010: 3857: 3773: 3523: 3246: 3230: 2374: 2026: 1969: 1549:" restructuring policies, including the introduction of non-state owned enterprises (e.g. cooperatives). 1362: 918: 6066: 5578:

subordinated directly to the RSFSR. It declared sovereignty on 3 July 1991 as the Karachay-Cherkess SSR.

10785: 10280: 10083: 10060: 10033: 8945: 8778: 8560: 8541: 8441: 8431: 8426: 8018: 7898: 7377: 7288: 5753: 5554:

was elevated into an ASSR. On 12 December 1990, it declared sovereignty as the Soviet Republic of Tyva.

5544:

into an ASSR. Declared Sovereignty on 22 December 1990 as the Mari Soviet Socialist Republic (Mari El).

5179: 4611: 4557: 4512: 4433: 4079: 3665: 3600: 3238: 2938: 2857: 2668: 2385: 1986:

it was an open secret that the country's federal structure was "window dressing" for Russian dominance.

1894: 1387:

lost all of its value due to overprinting. It would be replaced that same year by the new Soviet ruble.

1066: 6599: 6129: 10800: 10795: 10125: 10098: 10001: 8997: 8977: 8950: 8706: 8466: 8225: 8104: 8033: 7913: 6538: 5781: 5714: 5627: 5346: 5336: 5072: 5071:. On 11 October 1990, it declared its sovereignty, as the Bashkir SSR, which in 1992 was renamed the 3793: 3785: 3310: 3080: 2770: 1345: 10093: 6670: 5439:

on 8 April 1944, the republic is renamed as Kabardin ASSR and parts of its territory transferred to

10206: 8511: 8350: 8320: 8185: 8099: 8008: 7971: 7355: 7265: 5824: 5777: 5684: 5530:

into an ASSR. Declared sovereignty on 23 November 1990 as the Komi SSR and from 26 May 1992 as the

5402: 5388: 5151: 4946: 4457: 4354: 3442: 1708: 1656: 1596:

and stated that the RSFSR shall retain the right of free secession from the USSR. On 12 June 1991,

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Letter to the Secretary-General of the United Nations from the President of the Russian Federation

5908: 4644: 4310:

famine, killed an estimated 5 million, primarily affecting the Volga and Ural River regions.

1636:

declared Russia's independence from the USSR itself and the ties with the other Soviet republics.

10642: 10568: 10372: 9455: 9017: 8992: 8828: 8677: 8637: 8340: 8285: 8170: 8038: 6746:

The French Revolutionary Tradition in Russian and Soviet Politics, Political Thought, and Culture

6543: 5748:

is a recognizable symbol of the Russian SFSR (and the Soviet Union as a whole) and the towers of

5710: 5483:, on 7 March 1944 the ChIASSR was disbanded and the Grozny Okrug was temporarily administered by 5194:'s Army, ending the Russian Civil War in Europe. On 18 May 1944, it was reduced to the status of 4615: 4243: 3757: 3739: 3719: 3606: 3578: 3070: 2852: 1741: 1676: 771: 418: 237: 10521: 5475:

was elevated into an ASSR and subordinated to Moscow. Following the en masse deportation of the

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The Big Show in Bololand: The American Relief Expedition to Soviet Russia in the Famine of 1921

5713:, which went on to become the anthem of independent Russia since 1991. In 2000, Vladimir Putin 5551: 5541: 5450: 5326: 5281: 4765: 4399:

Paragraph 3 of Chapter 1 of the 1925 Constitution of the RSFSR stated the following:

3288: 3166: 2976: 2711: 2611: 2007: 1700: 512: 10511: 6367: 5815:

reform was undertaken within the Soviet Union. This change incorporated an update for all the

2591: 10735: 10692: 10604: 10563: 10377: 10273: 10254: 9226: 8982: 8723: 8696: 8657: 8597: 8396: 8365: 8275: 8023: 7959: 6551: 5721:"Workers of the world, unite!" was commonly used and shared with other Soviet republics. The 5667:

Victory Day is the second most popular holiday in Russia as it commemorates the victory over

5223: 5090: 4896: 4715: 3588: 2882: 2867: 2745: 2500: 2481: 1995: 1893:

Anti-Bolsheviks soon suggested new names, however. By 1919 they had coined the mocking label

1879: 1593: 7421: 6459: 6174: 5461:

was raised into an ASSR. Declared sovereignty on 26 December 1990 as the North Ossetian SSR.

4838:", pitting the Soviet Union against the Russian Federation and other constituent republics. 4163:

The Soviet government first came to power on 7 November 1917, immediately after the interim

10540: 10016: 9879: 9699: 9497: 9211: 9012: 8920: 8915: 8667: 8602: 8360: 8295: 8290: 8280: 8250: 8245: 8205: 7712: 6556:- "Misused for: a Bolshevik. Also collective singular = the Bolshevists. Also attributive." 5819:

as well as for the flag of the Soviet Union itself. The flag of the Russian SFSR was now a

5653: 5607:

The product created by Russia largely supported the consumption of other union republics".

5378: 5367:. In 1964, it was renamed the Karakalpak ASSR. It declared sovereignty on 14 December 1990. 5271: 5267: 5064: 4649: 4546: 4526: 4393: 4228: 3562: 3365: 2812: 2807: 2787: 2553: 1585: 1030: 1012: 509: 494: 485: 478: 465: 455: 10103: 7103:

Constitution (Basic Law) of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (approved by

7003:"Source List and Detailed Death Tolls for the Primary Megadeaths of the Twentieth Century" 5860: 8: 10657: 10636: 10630: 10243: 9972: 9777: 9706: 9514: 9363: 9241: 9163: 9136: 9007: 8763: 8713: 8632: 8536: 8370: 8315: 8270: 8265: 8260: 8215: 8175: 8140: 8082: 7996: 7927: 7789: 5729:

are still widely seen in Russian cities as part of architectural decorations. The Soviet

5726: 5672: 5657: 5468: 5454: 5432: 5289: 5203: 5163: 5113: 5022: 4942: 4938: 4854: 4638: 4577: 4358: 4334: 3530: 3475: 3343: 3128: 2958: 2847: 1883: 1684: 1679:

on 26 December, which by that time was the only functioning parliamentary chamber of the

1609: 1469: 1378: 384: 4777:. Under his rule, the Russian SFSR and the rest of the Soviet Union went through a mass 4753:

were restored by Khrushchev and they were transferred from the Georgian SSR back to the

2648: 10667: 10550: 10110: 10021: 9338: 9251: 9141: 9131: 8935: 8910: 8900: 8890: 8875: 8860: 8818: 8748: 8733: 8672: 8652: 8642: 8612: 8587: 8572: 8516: 8456: 8446: 8305: 8128: 8114: 8109: 8055: 7991: 7801: 7333: 7156: 6079: 6039: 6015:[rɐˈsʲijskəjəsɐˈvʲetskəjəfʲɪdʲɪrɐˈtʲivnəjəsətsɨəlʲɪˈsʲtʲitɕɪskəjərʲɪˈspublʲɪkə] 5990:[rɐˈsʲijskəjəsətsɨəlʲɪˈsʲtʲitɕɪskəjəfʲɪdʲɪrɐˈtʲivnəjəsɐˈvʲetskəjərʲɪˈspublʲɪkə] 5848: 5702: 5661: 5649: 5444: 5285: 4956: 4739: 4728: 4684: 4680: 4634: 4437: 4180: 4176: 4168: 4153: 3844: 3808: 3747: 3735: 3643: 3596: 3336: 3234: 3222: 3136: 3124: 3044: 2837: 2543: 2490: 1977: 1887: 1863: 1855: 1553: 524: 506: 149: 7403: 10652: 10218: 10158: 9937: 9723: 9419: 9221: 9206: 9148: 9053: 8805: 8773: 8768: 8753: 8728: 8577: 8526: 8476: 8406: 8384: 8229: 8013: 7949: 7939: 7903: 7806: 7772: 7750: 7695: 7378:

Law "On Amendments and Additions to the Constitution (Basic Law) of the Russian SFSR"

7033: 6939: 6912: 6868: 6777: 6750: 6723: 6651: 6574: 6501: 6463: 6373: 6259: 6205: 6180: 5836: 5820: 5738: 5722: 5616: 5513: 5509: 5295: 5183: 5082: 5014: 4904: 4841: 4782: 4778: 4517: 4416: 4294: 4286: 4278: 4263: 4188: 3731: 3695: 3691: 3584: 3411: 3393: 3381: 3256: 3242: 3226: 3193: 3146: 2999: 2947: 2765: 2691: 2548: 2122: 1973: 1922:. In July 1918, the fifth All-Russian Congress of Soviets adopted both the new name, 1625: 1620: 1601: 1538: 1473: 732: 6452: 5683:. Similar parades take place in all major Russian cities and cities with the status 4802:

Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

4773:

In 1964, Nikita Khrushchev was removed from his position of power and replaced with

4258:

of World War I. In July 1918, the fifth All-Russian Congress of Soviets adopted the

10330: 9002: 8940: 8895: 8838: 8743: 8662: 8627: 8436: 8087: 7986: 7794: 6014: 5989: 5971: 5531: 5517: 5406: 5311: 5306:

to Central Asia, the ASSR was disbanded. The territory was partitioned between the

5146:

was formed on 20 January 1921 after the Bolshevik Red Army evicted the short-lived

5137: 5133: 5125: 4900: 4809: 4534: 4212: 4208: 4172: 3687: 3546: 3464: 3421: 3214: 3204: 2558: 1900: 1875: 1867: 1847: 1505: 1477: 1247: 976: 801: 521: 503: 491: 462: 370: 338: 6450:

Mawdsley, Evan (2007). "Sovdepia: The Soviet Zone, October 1917 – November 1918".

6330: 5564:

declared sovereignty. Since 3 July 1991, it has been known as the Gorno-Altai SSR.

5499:, all authority passed to the self-proclaimed government which was renamed as the 10545: 10506: 10367: 10130: 9343: 9295: 9201: 9062: 9022: 8925: 8865: 8855: 8843: 8788: 8607: 8001: 7976: 7755: 7384: 7366: 7276: 7218: 6677: 6603: 6495: 6316: 6286: 6236: 6106: 6074: 5761: 5745: 5694: 5676: 5645: 5392: 5356: 5173: 4892: 4888: 4774: 4724: 4672:, making them part of the RSFSR. The status of the southernmost Kurils, north of 4669: 4449: 4381: 4232: 4216: 4130: 3827: 3361: 3299: 3277: 3156: 3049: 2750: 2653: 1557: 1542: 1521: 1452: 1102: 693: 488: 482: 459: 297: 7119:

The Constitution (Basic Law) of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

6532: 5238:

in March 2014, a move largely considered illegal by the international community.

5033:

were disbanded on 27 October 1924 and replaced by the Soviet Union republics of

19:"Soviet Russia" redirects here. For the former socialist nation as a whole, see 10687: 10682: 10150: 10078: 9358: 9348: 8960: 8833: 8094: 8060: 7784: 7737: 6229: 6062: 6035: 5840: 5749: 5640:(23 February), which honors Russian men, especially those serving in the army; 5575: 5488: 5484: 5418: 5414: 5370: 5307: 5249: 5215: 5195: 5010: 4950: 4441: 4389: 4247: 4220: 4122: 3385: 3377: 3321: 3266: 3033: 3019: 2988: 2862: 2673: 2110: 2102: 2074: 1954: 1871: 1832: 1720: 1668: 1664: 1660: 768: 719: 605: 6798: 6426:

The names Russian Federation and Russia have been equal since 25 December 1993

4572:

were exiled to Central Asia for their alleged collaboration with the invading

4353:

into a single federal state, the Soviet Union. The treaty was included in the

1608:

the first and only President of the RSFSR, a post that would later become the

10714: 10697: 10531: 10011: 9067: 8972: 8481: 8220: 7811: 7059: 6624: 5835:. The flag was changed to a design that resembled the original ensign of the 5800: 5769: 5588: 5492: 5480: 5410: 5303: 5191: 5143: 5121: 4858: 4743: 4732: 4688: 4665: 4600: 4561: 4368:, Russian abbreviation for "State Commission for Electrification of Russia" ( 4322: 4251: 4069: 3765: 3453: 3403: 3090: 3060: 2872: 2735: 2663: 2616: 2400: 2066: 1972:. By that time, Soviet Russia had gained roughly the same borders of the old 1886:(Old Style: February). The October Revolution was thus the second of the two 1597: 1517: 994: 930: 629: 575: 408: 398: 7269: 6279: 5339:

into an ASSR. It declared sovereignty on 26 October 1990 as the Chuvash SSR.

5081:

was formed on 27 May 1920 on the territory of the western two-thirds of the

4704: 1707:, completely abolished the Soviet form of government and replaced it with a 10411: 10308: 10296: 9894: 9715: 9109: 8848: 7833: 7823: 7211: 6647: 5828: 5808: 5773: 5440: 4785:

took power in March 1985 and introduced liberal reforms in Soviet society.

4754: 4696: 4692: 4652:, considered by many historians as a decisive turning point of World War II 4585: 4581: 4573: 4314: 4307: 4145: 4126: 3632: 3621: 3538: 3210: 2329: 2155: 2118: 2086: 1836: 1493: 1460: 1446: 1193: 1084: 891: 698: 617: 311: 278: 20: 7359: 7244:История крушения СССР: политико-правовые аспекты. — М., 2001. — C. 299—300 6690: 5270:. Until 7 July 1958 – Mongol-Buryat ASSR. On 27 March 1991, it became the 4116: 10460: 9757: 9719: 9711: 9333: 9317: 9231: 9173: 8043: 7850: 7727: 7132:

Decree of the President of the Russian SFSR of 23 August 1991 No. 79

6172: 5812: 5804: 5733:

are also encountered, often on military equipment and war memorials. The

5398: 5384: 5117: 5034: 4835: 4550: 4460:

on 5 December 1936, the size of the RSFSR was significantly reduced. The

4453: 4429: 4318: 3709: 3610: 3592: 3570: 3558: 2980: 2792: 2782: 2432: 2391: 2369: 2094: 2046: 2038: 1546: 1513: 1407: 1229: 688: 559: 7002: 5679:, hosted by the President of Russia, is annually organised in Moscow on 1374:

As Chairmen of the Council of Ministers – Government of the Russian SFSR

9747: 8072: 7732: 7722: 7256:Юридический механизм разрушения СССР. — М, 2016. — С. 254—255. — 448 с. 5734: 5680: 5505: 5350: 5042: 4700: 4629:

in 1944, the Russian SFSR annexed their easternmost territories around

4604: 4542: 4493: 4481: 4473: 4469: 4396:

in 1932, 36 billion kWh by 1937, and 48 billion kWh by 1940.

4364:

One of the early ambitious economic plans of the Soviet government was

3351: 2755: 2633: 2130: 2126: 2114: 2082: 2019: 1828: 1755: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1449: 1265: 475: 452: 9078: 7117: 6331:"Petroleum Geology and Resources of the Volga-Ural Province, U.S.S.R." 6256:

European Dictatorships: A Comparative History of the Twentieth Century

6100:

formed a Socialist coalition government that lasted until March 1918 (

5978:

1918–1936: Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (Russian:

10450: 10313: 9967: 9962: 9784: 9677: 9507: 9168: 7717: 6864:

After the Vote Was Won: The Later Achievements of Fifteen Suffragists

5757: 5690: 5523: 5364: 5120:

and Orenburg Governorate populated by Kirgiz-Kaysaks (former name of

5046: 5038: 4707:– was annexed by the Soviet Union and made part of the Russian SFSR. 4630: 4569: 4530: 4326: 4184: 3822: 3542: 3357: 2643: 2445: 2140:, with mountainous tundra regions mainly concentrated in the east of 2106: 1946: 1843: 1840: 1561: 1509: 1211: 5811:. Interesting because it was used until Stalin's death when a major 5516:

would again suspend the government on 15 November 1996. The present

5176:. On 17 September 1991, it declared sovereignty as the Dagestan SSR. 4246:

was signed, giving away much of the westernmost lands of the former

1730: 9957: 9502: 9236: 9196: 6093: 5730: 5476: 5187: 5068: 5063:

was formed on 23 March 1919 from several northern districts of the

5045:

until December 1929, when it too became a full Union republic, the

4999:

Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

4997:, which prompted President Yeltsin to suspend the recently created 4673: 4661: 4657: 4149: 3839: 3743: 3566: 3389: 3009: 2817: 2515: 2054: 1489: 925: 895: 703: 530: 434: 7655: 7404:

Full Texts and All Laws Amending Constitutions of the Russian SFSR

6340:. 1983, U.S. Department of the Interior – U.S. Geological Survey. 5587:

In the first years of the existence of the RSFSR, the doctrine of

10496: 10455: 9849: 9353: 8195:

Foreign Relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine

8077: 7270:"On renaming of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" 7172: 6908:

Lenin: A Political Life: Volume 1: The Strengths of Contradiction

6319:. Encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com. Retrieved on 22 June 2011. 6173:

R. W. Davies; Mark Harrison; S. G. Wheatcroft (9 December 1993).

5596: 5436: 5140:

oblasts. On 19 April 1925, it was renamed Kazak ASSR. (see below)

4884: 4781:. Even after Brezhnev's death in 1982, the era did not end until 3574: 2495: 2439: 2396: 2141: 2090: 2078: 2070: 2034: 1938: 1934: 1560:

and the world's first constitutionally socialist state guided by

1151: 1048: 429: 6500:. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. p. 687. 2041:

on the northwest; and to its southeast in eastern Asia were the

1455:

from 1917 to 1922, and afterwards the largest and most populous

10746:

Countries and territories where Russian is an official language

10265: 7686: 7089: 6310:

The Free Dictionary Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic

5668: 5086: 5004: 4873: 4541:, the Germans were pushed back. In 1942, the Wehrmacht entered 4445: 4365: 2098: 2030: 1942: 1854:

25 October] 1917. This happened immediately after the

1688: 1652: 1639:

On 25 December 1991, following the resignation of Gorbachev as

1525: 1497: 1485: 1319: 1179: 360: 345: 5363:

into the Kara-Kalpak ASSR; from 5 December 1936 a part of the

4975:

Government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

2061:; 1911–1949). Within the Soviet Union, the RSFSR bordered the 1694:

UN membership and permanent membership on the Security Council

1545:, began to be liberalized starting in 1985 under Gorbachev's " 1496:. The capital of the Russian SFSR and the USSR as a whole was 9772: 9650: 7451: 7291:// «Российская газета», 16 мая 1992 года, № 111 (447), с. 3–5 6571:

A History of Modern Russia from Nicholas II to Vladimir Putin

6006:Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика 5981:Российская Социалистическая Федеративная Советская Республика 5765: 5718: 5218:

of Ukraine overturned the declaration, but compromised on an

4727:

became the new leader of the USSR. In January 1954, Malenkov

3554: 3040: 2308: 2137: 1384: 1301: 44:Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика 6931: 6278:

Declaration of Rights of the laboring and exploited people (

5709:. In 1990, the RSFSR adopted its own separate anthem called 4845:

Flag adopted by the Russian SFSR national parliament in 1991

9884: 9660: 7152:"Gorbachev is Ready to Resign as Post-Soviet Plan Advances" 6606:. Russians.net (23 August 1943). Retrieved on 22 June 2011. 5013:

was formed on 30 April 1918 on the territory of the former

2354: 2319: 2182: 2062: 1911:(a term identified from 1919 onwards with the Bolsheviks). 1619:

in Moscow with the temporary brief internment of President

1481: 7410:

Russian Federation; The Whole Republic a Construction Site

7268:

approved the Law of the RSFSR #2094-I of 25 December 1991

7055:Развитие электроэнергетики в СССР (к 80летию плана ГОЭЛРО) 6891:

Lenin's Plan for Building Socialism in the USSR, 1917–1925

6861:

Adams, Katherine H.; Keene, Michael L. (10 January 2014).

6372:. Honolulu: University Press of the Pacific. p. 183. 6176:

The Economic Transformation of the Soviet Union, 1913–1945

5453:

was formed on 5 December 1936 upon the disbandment of the

4553:, ultimately pushing German forces out of Russia by 1944. 2057:) and the People's Republic of China (China, formerly the 9869: 9689: 5302:

into an ASSR. On 28 August 1941, upon the deportation of

5244:

was formed on 16 February 1922 upon the elevation of the

4385: 942: 907: 6204:(sixth ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 458. 5794:

Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

5540:

was formed on 5 December 1936 upon the elevation of the

5526:

was formed on 5 December 1936 upon the elevation of the

5427:

was formed on 5 December 1936 upon the departure of the

5258:

was formed on 30 March 1923 as due to the merger of the

4818:

On 29 May 1990, at his third attempt, Boris Yeltsin was

4313:

The economic impact of the Civil War was devastating. A

2136:

Roughly 70% of the area in the RSFSR consisted of broad

1568:

was adopted in 1918. In 1922, the Russian SFSR signed a

813:• Russian SFSR renamed into the Russian Federation 6935:

The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression

6596: 5756:

in Moscow are Russian SFSR's main architectural icons.

5335:

was formed on 21 April 1925 upon the elevation of the

4584:, 1941–1945), and territory was incorporated into the 6239:(in Russian). Hist.msu.ru. Retrieved on 22 June 2011. 5387:

was formed on 28 December 1934 upon the elevation of

5373:

was formed on 20 December 1934 upon the elevation of

5298:

was formed on 19 December 1924 upon elevation of the

5089:. On 30 October 1990, it declared sovereignty as the 2777:

De-satellization of the Socialist Republic of Romania

1410:

was still in the hands of the Soviets even after the

6894:. Novosti Press Agency Publishing House. p. 48. 6719:

The Blackwell Encyclopedia of the Russian Revolution

6168: 6166: 5929:

Bibliography of the Russian Revolution and Civil War

5401:

was formed on 20 October 1935 upon the elevation of

5345:

was formed on 1 February 1926 upon elevation of the

4912:. On 12 December, the agreement was ratified by the 4832:

Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR

1862:(most recently led by opposing democratic socialist 1365:

from 29 May 1990 to 10 July 1991, then as President.

321:

Union Republic of the Soviet Union with priority of

7302:"Конституция РСФСР в редакции от 12 апреля 1978 г." 5807:. The next flag was used from 1937, notably during 5799:letters РСФСР (RSFSR) written in yellow within the 5124:). Further enlarged in 1921 upon gaining land from 4751:

Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

1962:

with the treaty on the creation of the Soviet Union

6531: 6451: 6434: 6432: 6092:After the October Revolution, the Bolsheviks, the 5636:The public holidays for the Russian SFSR included 5359:was formed on 20 March 1932 upon elevation of the 5182:was formed on 18 October 1921 on the territory of 4749:On 9 January 1957, Karachay Autonomous Oblast and 4723:After the death of Joseph Stalin on 5 March 1953, 1556:, the Russian Soviet Republic was proclaimed as a 1370:Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR 6225: 6223: 6221: 6163: 5520:government was re-established on 15 October 1999. 4834:on 12 June 1990, which was the beginning of the " 2109:) (Included in USSR in 1940) to its west and the 1703:, coming into effect on 25 December 1993 after a 1572:officially creating the USSR. The Russian SFSR's 10712: 9958:Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences 6850:. International Universities Press. p. 130. 5621: 4656:At the end of World War II Soviet troops of the 4351:Transcaucasian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic 4238:On 25 January 1918, at the third meeting of the 3960: 3653: 6530: 6429: 6102:Historical Dictionary of the Russian Revolution 5972:[rɐˈsʲijskəjəsɐˈvʲetskəjərʲɪˈspublʲɪkə] 5939:Bibliography of the post-Stalinist Soviet Union 4486:Karakalpak Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic 2025:The international borders of the RSFSR touched 1994:, which concluded on the next day, the RSFSR's 1528:. It was the first socialist state in history. 1406:existed briefly on 19 January 1918, but actual 6564: 6562: 6253: 6218: 5934:Bibliography of Stalinism and the Soviet Union 5803:and encased within two yellow lines forming a 5172:was formed on 20 January 1921 from the former 4591:On 3 March 1944, on the orders of Stalin, the 2006:, and were retained as such in the subsequent 1764:"Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" 860:17,125,200 km (6,612,100 sq mi) 10761:States and territories disestablished in 1991 10281: 9094: 7671: 7437: 6258:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 67. 6254:Besier, Gerhard; Stokłosa, Katarzyna (2014). 6249: 6247: 6245: 6004: 5979: 5961: 5148:Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus 4954: 4828:Congress of People's Deputies of the Republic 4087: 2914: 1541:since the late 1970s under General Secretary 42: 10721:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic 7032:. London: Macmillan Press Ltd. p. 236. 6833:. Oxford University Press. pp. 330–336. 6680:. Marxistsfr.org. Retrieved on 22 June 2011. 6621:Intercourse between Bolshevism and Sinn Féin 6592: 6590: 5960:1918: Russian Soviet Republic (Russian: 5644:(8 March), which combines the traditions of 5005:Autonomous republics within the Russian SFSR 4424:Many regions in Russia were affected by the 1924:Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic 1914:On 25 January 1918 the third meeting of the 1439:Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic 1423:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic 6843: 6559: 6199: 5660:; and like all other Soviet republics, the 5320:was formed on 19 April 1925 when the first 4985:The Government was known officially as the 1463:(USSR) from 1922 to 1991, until becoming a 10771:1991 disestablishments in the Soviet Union 10756:States and territories established in 1917 10288: 10274: 9101: 9087: 7678: 7664: 7444: 7430: 7360:"On the national flag of the Russian SFSR" 6979:. UC Press E-Books Collection, 1982-2004. 6860: 6830:The Prophet Armed Trotsky 1879-1921 (1954) 6328: 6242: 4919:Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR 4769:Ethnographic map of the Soviet Union, 1970 4683:– the north-eastern portion of the former 4106: 4094: 4080: 2921: 2907: 1655:. The next day, after the lowering of the 1414:opened its first and last session in 1918. 1377:Served as acting head of government while 1351:Official language in the courts from 1937. 271: 7027: 6938:. Harvard University Press. p. 123. 6888:Ugri͡umov, Aleksandr Leontʹevich (1976). 6887: 6826: 6587: 6493: 6179:. Cambridge University Press. p. 6. 5574:was elevated into an ASSR and instead of 4742:was transferred back to the RSFSR as the 4335:First Congress of the Soviets of the USSR 4317:emerged in Russia, despite the threat of 1815:Learn how and when to remove this message 10432:Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia 6977:Bread and Authority in Russia, 1914-1921 6769: 6749:. Oxford University Press. p. 224. 6617:The Bolshevik Revolution 1917–23, vol. 3 6573:. Harvard University Press. p. 84. 6449: 5737:continues to be honored, especially the 5689: 4840: 4764: 4714: 4643: 4614:was joined with the Russian SFSR as the 4516: 4415: 4293: 4285: 4277: 1866:(1881–1970)) which had governed the new 1552:On 7 November 1917 , as a result of the 9108: 8331:Collective Security Treaty Organization 7105:Twelfth All-Russian Congress of Soviets 7080: 6904: 6742: 6715: 6568: 6365: 5550:was formed on 10 October 1961 when the 5471:was disestablished and its constituent 5467:was formed on 5 December 1936 when the 5353:and on 31 August 1991 its independence. 5186:within the Russian SFSR, following the 4935:Secretary-General of the United Nations 4908:parties agreed to the formation of the 1356:All-Russian Central Executive Committee 10713: 10536:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 9127:Index of Soviet Union–related articles 6722:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 343. 6305: 6303: 6301: 6299: 5206:. On 19 February 1954, the oblast was 5100:was formed on 26 August 1920 from the 5049:. The RSFSR retained the newly formed 4564:(1878–1953), General Secretary of the 4359:Second Congress of Soviets of the USSR 4347:Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic 4341:, by which Russia was united with the 4194:On 18 January 1918, the newly elected 1984:republics. According to Matthew White 1617:August 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt 1404:Russian Democratic Federative Republic 1166:Belarusian People's Republic (portion) 10502:1949 East German State Railway strike 10474:World Federation of Democratic Youth 10269: 9082: 7889:Judicial system of the Russian Empire 7659: 7425: 6773:The Russian Revolution: A New History 6691:"Russia the Great: Mineral resources" 6643:The Great Big Book of Horrible Things 6636: 6329:Peterson, James A.; Clarke, James W. 6013: 5988: 5970: 4933:On 24 December, Yeltsin informed the 4668:off the coast of East Asia, north of 4405:Tenth All-Russian Congress of Soviets 4380:ссии), which sought to achieve total 2043:Democratic People's Republic of Korea 1138:Ukrainian People's Republic (portion) 281:(red and white) between 1956 and 1991 10373:Soviet response to the Marshall Plan 9028:Unified Sports Classification System 7184:Из СССР В СНГ: подчиняясь реальности 6983:from the original on 27 October 2021 6697:from the original on 19 January 2011 6552:participating institution membership 6272: 6159:article 171 of the 1978 Constitution 6155:article 114 of the 1937 Constitution 5570:was formed on 17 November 1990 when 5280:was formed on 23 July 1923 when the 5025:, the Turkestan ASSR along with the 4620:Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic 4357:, adopted on 31 January 1924 by the 2456:World Federation of Democratic Youth 1918:proclaimed the establishment of the 1753:adding citations to reliable sources 1724: 1651:), the Russian SFSR was renamed the 1610:Presidency of the Russian Federation 110:Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! 7685: 6970: 6716:Shukman, Harold (5 December 1994). 6366:Sokolov, Vasily Andreevich (2002). 6296: 6136:from the original on 13 August 2011 5632:Public holidays in the Soviet Union 5572:Karachay-Cherkess Autonomous Oblast 5560:was formed on 25 October 1990 when 4991:Communist Party of the Soviet Union 4981:List of leaders of the Russian SFSR 4878:Communist Party of the Russian SFSR 4343:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic 4187:occurred largely without any human 1966:Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 1649:Communist Party of the Soviet Union 13: 10595:Sovietization of the Baltic states 8326:Commonwealth of Independent States 7356:Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR 7266:Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR 7259: 6113: 6067:"Lenine's Migration A Queer Scene" 5662:Great October Socialist Revolution 5491:Kizlyar district and organised as 5429:Kabardino-Balkar Autonomous Oblast 4949:was lowered and replaced with the 4923:Treaty on the Creation of the USSR 4914:Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR 4910:Commonwealth of Independent States 4824:Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR 4814:1993 Russian constitutional crisis 4339:Treaty on the Creation of the USSR 3967: 2530:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states 2004:then existing Constitution of 1978 1630:Commonwealth of Independent States 838:End of the Soviet political system 744:• Soviet republic proclaimed 277:The Russian SFSR (red) within the 14: 10812: 10466:World Federation of Trade Unions 7394: 6952:from the original on 27 June 2018 6386:from the original on 2 April 2015 6347:from the original on 2 April 2015 5922: 5200:deportation of the Crimean Tatars 4478:Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic 3981: 16:Soviet republic from 1917 to 1991 10683:January 1991 events in Lithuania 10341:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina 10295: 10250: 10249: 10237: 6905:Service, Robert (24 June 1985). 6847:The Soviet Revolution, 1917-1939 6844:Abramovitch, Raphael R. (1985). 6796: 5907: 5895: 5883: 5871: 5859: 5847:was officially dissolved in the 5473:Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Oblast 5459:North Ossetian Autonomous Oblast 5208:transferred to the Ukrainian SSR 5156:North Ossetian Autonomous Oblast 5128:and again in 1924 from parts of 4260:Constitution of the Russian SFSR 4219:), post offices and telegraphs ( 4138: 4115: 4063: 2957: 2451:World Federation of Trade Unions 2164: 2133:) to the south in Central Asia. 1990:On 25 December 1991, during the 1928:Constitution of the Russian SFSR 1729: 1582:Declaration of State Sovereignty 1324: 1310: 1292: 1274: 1256: 1238: 1220: 1202: 1184: 1170: 1156: 1142: 1109: 1095: 1077: 1059: 1041: 1023: 1005: 987: 969: 243: 190: 185:State Anthem of the Soviet Union 155: 136: 88: 68: 61: 10407:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic 7371: 7348: 7318: 7294: 7282: 7247: 7235: 7223: 7202: 7188: 7177: 7163: 7144: 7135: 7126: 7110: 7097: 7081:Никитин, Олег (February 2010). 7074: 7046: 7021: 6995: 6964: 6925: 6898: 6881: 6854: 6837: 6820: 6790: 6776:. Basic Books. pp. 1–496. 6763: 6736: 6709: 6693:. Russian Information Network. 6683: 6664: 6630: 6609: 6524: 6494:Patenaude, Bertrand M. (2002). 6486: 6443: 6420: 6409: 6398: 6359: 6322: 6028: 5963:Российская Советская Республика 5787: 5715:re-introduced the Soviet anthem 5528:Komi (Zyryan) Autonomous Oblast 5435:. After the deportation of the 5264:Buryat-Mongol Autonomous Oblast 5260:Mongol-Buryat Autonomous Oblast 4891:, Yeltsin, Ukrainian President 4870:1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt 4806:1991 Soviet coup d'etat attempt 4627:reconquering Estonia and Latvia 4490:Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic 4254:, in exchange for peace on the 4240:All-Russian Congress of Soviets 3975:Not internationally recognized. 1916:All-Russian Congress of Soviets 1740:needs additional citations for 1714: 825:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 6770:McMeekin, Sean (30 May 2017). 6200:Riasanovsky, Nicholas (2000). 6193: 6148: 6122: 6086: 6056: 5997: 5951: 5638:Defender of the Fatherland Day 5300:Volga German Autonomous Oblast 4987:Council of People's Commissars 4928:first constitution of the USSR 4795: 4760: 4205:Left Socialist Revolutionaries 4165:Russian Provisional Government 3969: 3433:General Secretariat of Ukraine 1860:Russian Provisional Government 1850:state on 7 November [ 1600:(1931–2007), supported by the 25:Soviet Russia (disambiguation) 1: 10766:1917 establishments in Russia 10726:Republics of the Soviet Union 10688:January 1991 events in Latvia 10678:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia 10427:Socialist Republic of Romania 10402:People's Republic of Bulgaria 10394:People's Republic of Albania 10363:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état 9790:Political abuse of psychiatry 9582:Congress of People's Deputies 8236:Political abuse of psychiatry 7453:Republics of the Soviet Union 6049: 5817:flags of the Soviet Republics 5622:National holidays and symbols 5562:Gorno-Altai Autonomous Oblast 5361:Kara-Kalpak Autonomous Oblast 5228:Russian military intervention 5220:Autonomous Republic of Crimea 5015:Turkestan General-Governorate 4968: 4731:from the Russian SFSR to the 4719:The Russian SFSR in 1956–1991 3983: 3201:Great Stand on the Ugra River 2893:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia 1641:President of the Soviet Union 1578:Congress of People's Deputies 673:Congress of People's Deputies 10673:Collapse of the Soviet Union 10663:Fall of communism in Albania 8881:Traditions and superstitions 7644:Pridnestrovian Moldavian SSR 7417:Full 1918 RSFSR Constitution 7058:(in Russian). Archived from 5833:collapse of the Soviet Union 5568:Karachayevo-Cherkessian ASSR 5501:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria 4687:, the founding state of the 4597:population forcibly deported 4509:Eastern Front (World War II) 2888:Fall of communism in Albania 2843:Polish Round Table Agreement 2798:Cuban intervention in Angola 2013: 1992:collapse of the Soviet Union 1870:after the abdication of the 1412:Russian Constituent Assembly 114:Workers of the world, unite! 7: 10648:End of communism in Hungary 10417:Hungarian People's Republic 9953:Academy of Medical Sciences 8547:Water supply and sanitation 6098:Menshevik-Internationalists 5687:or City of Military Glory. 5375:Mordovian Autonomous Oblast 5250:Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) 5041:. The latter contained the 4955: 4456:. With the adoption of the 3497:Provisional Priamurye Govt. 2276:Allied and satellite states 2051:Mongolian People's Republic 2008:1993 Constitution of Russia 1970:Soviet Constitution of 1936 1667:and its replacement by the 1433:), previously known as the 1363:Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR 10: 10817: 10781:Former countries in Europe 10741:Former socialist republics 10412:German Democratic Republic 7198:На гибель Советского Союза 7173:. Kto i kak uprazdnil SSSR 7030:Imperial and Soviet Russia 6973:"8 Leaving Troubled Times" 6867:. McFarland. p. 109. 5791: 5776:is an animal symbol and a 5625: 5614: 5610: 5582: 5222:within Ukraine. After the 4978: 4972: 4799: 4699:including the capital and 4691:(1871–1918) and later the 4568:, later Premier, when the 4558:Karachay Autonomous Oblast 4513:Great Patriotic War (term) 4506: 4468:were transformed into the 4426:Soviet famine of 1932–1933 4372:сударственная комиссия по 4321:against profiteering. The 2147: 1718: 1537:economy, which had become 1383:Between 1917 and 1919 the 1354:As Chairman of the VTsIK ( 1252:Byelorussian SSR (portion) 18: 10623: 10600:Information dissemination 10577: 10527:1956 Hungarian Revolution 10517:1953 East German uprising 10485: 10443: 10386: 10323: 10303: 10231: 10175: 10149: 10069: 9992: 9983: 9928: 9835: 9798: 9738: 9641: 9603: 9523: 9385: 9376: 9326: 9274: 9265: 9117: 9047: 8804: 8568: 8559: 8392: 8383: 8136: 8127: 7935: 7926: 7861: 7703: 7694: 7612: 7589: 7551: 7510: 7467: 7460: 7212:Беловежское предательство 7170:V.Pribylovsky, Gr.Tochkin 7028:Christian, David (1997). 6827:Deutscher, Isaac (1954). 6597:Soviet Russia information 6539:Oxford English Dictionary 6458:. Pegasus Books. p. 6230:Конституции РСФСР 1918 г. 6073:16 September 2018 at the 6005: 5980: 5962: 5845:Soviet form of government 5642:International Women's Day 5628:Public holidays in Russia 5347:Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast 5337:Chuvash Autonomous Oblast 5224:2014 Ukrainian revolution 5162:(all subordinates to the 5073:Republic of Bashkortostan 4861:was elected president by 4434:Central Black Soil Region 4333:On 30 December 1922, the 4304:Russian famine of 1921–22 3939: 3918: 3900:Luhansk People's Republic 3897: 3879:Donetsk People's Republic 3876: 3855: 3838: 3821: 3642: 3631: 3495: 3474: 3463: 3452: 3431: 3320: 3309: 3298: 3287: 3276: 3081:Principality of Chernigov 2813:1984 Los Angeles Olympics 1957:of 1919–1922 in Ireland. 1904: 1878:imperial dynasty of Tsar 1604:pro-reform movement, was 1590:Soviet form of government 1394: 1346:national anthem of Russia 1340: 948: 936: 924: 914: 902: 887: 883: 873: 869: 864: 856: 851: 847: 834: 821: 811: 798: 785: 765: 752: 742: 729: 716: 712: 681: 639: 635: 623: 611: 601:• 1917–1924 (first) 599: 595: 585: 581: 565: 553: 549: 539: 440: 428: 391: 378:Recognised languages 376: 366: 356: 331: 286: 270: 120: 106: 57: 52: 43: 36:Russian Soviet Federative 34: 10791:Modern history of Russia 10776:Former countries in Asia 10585:Emigration and defection 10422:Polish People's Republic 8321:Prime Minister of Russia 7083: 7054: 6911:. Springer. p. 98. 6569:Service, Robert (2005). 5944: 5825:flag of the Soviet Union 5778:national personification 5707:State Anthem of the USSR 5705:until 1944 and then the 5403:Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast 5389:Udmurt Autonomous Oblast 5152:Ingush Autonomous Oblast 4872:of 19–21 August 1991 in 4868:During the unsuccessful 4788:On 12 April 1978, a new 4710: 4610:On 11 October 1944, the 4599:upon the accusations of 4521:The Russian SFSR in 1940 4502: 4458:1936 Soviet Constitution 4420:The Russian SFSR in 1936 4411: 4355:1924 Soviet Constitution 4298:The Russian SFSR in 1929 4290:The Russian SFSR in 1924 4282:The Russian SFSR in 1922 4273: 4179:, the second of the two 4175:, was overthrown in the 4152:and a key figure in the 3506: 3176: 3100: 3018: 3008: 2998: 2634:Czechoslovakia 1976–1990 1709:semi-presidential system 1681:All-Union Supreme Soviet 1512:(Volgograd after 1961), 1508:(Petrograd until 1924), 10643:Fall of the Berlin Wall 10569:1981 protests in Kosovo 10507:Rebellion of Cazin 1950 10244:Soviet Union portal 8759:Social entrepreneurship 8648:Forced public apologies 8583:Anti-American sentiment 6544:Oxford University Press 5754:Saint Basil's Cathedral 5711:Patrioticheskaya Pesnya 5246:Yakut Autonomous Oblast 5198:alongside the criminal 5160:Sunzha Cossack District 4945:. That same night, the 4883:On 8 December 1991, at 4616:Tuvan Autonomous Oblast 4612:Tuvan People's Republic 4539:Soviet winter offensive 4525:Just four months after 4488:was transferred to the 4244:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 4107:Early years (1917–1920) 3758:Eurasian Economic Union 3607:Parade of sovereignties 3071:Principality of Polotsk 2878:End of the Soviet Union 2853:Fall of the Berlin Wall 2413: (until 1948) 2388: (until 1977) 2377: (until 1989) 2311: (until 1961) 2290: (until 1961) 1953:and by the short-lived 1920:Russian Soviet Republic 1687:, had already lost the 1677:Soviet of the Republics 1673:USSR was self-dissolved 1435:Russian Soviet Republic 1382: 1376: 1373: 1367: 1360: 1353: 1350: 1343: 367:Official languages 238:Patrioticheskaya Pesnya 10751:20th century in Russia 10136:Stalinist architecture 9890:Science and technology 9800:Ideological repression 9728:Soviet Airborne Forces 9666:Destruction battalions 8507:Social security system 8490:Science and technology 8156:Classified information 7982:Central Russian Upland 7305:constitution.garant.ru 7217:12 August 2020 at the 6602:26 August 2010 at the 6315:13 August 2011 at the 6280:original VTsIK variant 5698: 5552:Tuva Autonomous Oblast 5542:Mari Autonomous Oblast 5506:Republic of Ingushetia 5451:Northern Ossetian ASSR 5409:and parts adjoined to 5351:Republic of Kyrgyzstan 5327:Republic of Kazakhstan 5282:Karelian Labor Commune 5019:delimitation programme 4895:and Belarusian leader 4855:President of the RSFSR 4851:all-Russian referendum 4846: 4790:Constitution of Russia 4770: 4720: 4679:On 17 April 1946, the 4653: 4633:and within the modern 4603:with the invaders and 4595:was disbanded and its 4522: 4421: 4409: 4299: 4291: 4283: 4262:. By 1918, during the 4233:equal rights for women 4129:and the leader of the 3348:Provisional Government 3289:Grand Duchy of Finland 3167:Principality of Moscow 2567:Protests and uprisings 1441:, and unofficially as 323:republican legislation 23:. For other uses, see 10693:Breakup of Yugoslavia 9918:List of metro systems 9471:Collective leadership 8968:Russian tsars regalia 8301:Intelligence agencies 8024:Great Russian Regions 7768:Expansion (1500-1800) 6971:Lih, Lars T. (1990). 6743:Bergman, Jay (2019). 6454:The Russian Civil War 6291:III Congress revision 6285:7 August 2011 at the 5693: 5425:Kabardino-Balkar ASSR 5262:of the RSFSR and the 5112:oblasts and parts of 5091:Republic of Tatarstan 4897:Stanislav Shushkevich 4849:On 17 March 1991, an 4844: 4768: 4718: 4647: 4520: 4419: 4401: 4297: 4289: 4281: 4171:, which governed the 3989:Not fully controlled. 3823:Republic of Tatarstan 3716:Constitutional crisis 2883:Post-Soviet conflicts 2868:Breakup of Yugoslavia 2771:Albanian–Soviet split 2482:Anti-Soviet partisans 2425:Related organizations 1960:On 30 December 1922, 1705:constitutional crisis 1594:citizenship of Russia 131:Worker's Marseillaise 10541:1970 Polish protests 10522:1956 Poznań protests 10387:Soviet-allied states 9880:Net material product 9823:Censorship of images 9740:Political repression 9700:Soviet Border Troops 9633:First Deputy Premier 9217:1965 economic reform 9212:Soviet space program 9035:World Heritage sites 8412:Droughts and famines 7965:Environmental issues 7713:Proto-Indo-Europeans 7387:from 1 November 1991 7383:16 July 2011 at the 7365:10 June 2017 at the 7358:from 22 August 1991 6676:27 July 2011 at the 5654:Spring and Labor Day 5457:and its constituent 5379:Republic of Mordovia 5272:Republic of Buryatia 5268:Far Eastern Republic 5065:Orenburg Governorate 4853:created the post of 4822:the chairman of the 4650:Battle of Stalingrad 4639:Pytalovsky Districts 4527:Operation Barbarossa 4394:first five-year plan 4196:Constituent Assembly 3762:Annexation of Crimea 3370:Constituent Assembly 3247:Second Patriotic War 2863:Barricades in Latvia 2808:1980 Moscow Olympics 2788:Cuban Missile Crisis 1858:toppled the interim 1749:improve this article 1701:Russian constitution 1659:from the top of the 1586:separation of powers 1500:and the other major 1470:autonomous republics 1457:constituent republic 1035:Priamurye Government 1017:Far Eastern Republic 555:• 1917 (first) 495:directorial republic 466:directorial republic 10731:Communism in Russia 10658:Romanian revolution 10631:Revolutions of 1989 10512:1953 Plzeň uprising 9948:Academy of Sciences 9763:Population transfer 9707:Soviet Armed Forces 9570:Congress of Soviets 9551:Presidium/Politburo 9515:Soviet anti-Zionism 9364:West Siberian Plain 9242:Revolutions of 1989 9179:Great Patriotic War 9164:New Economic Policy 8886:Forms of addressing 8495:Academy of Sciences 8452:Financial districts 8316:President of Russia 8241:Political divisions 8201:Freedom of assembly 8083:West Siberian Plain 7829:Great Patriotic War 7790:February Revolution 7613:Non-union republics 7603:Transcaucasian SFSR 7413:by D. S. Polyanski. 7275:20 May 2009 at the 7160:, 13 December 1991. 7150:Francis X. Clines, 7084:Плюс электрификация 6671:Chronicle of Events 6542:(Online ed.). 6235:2 July 2018 at the 6202:A History of Russia 6110:. R. Wesson, 1978). 5727:Soviet coat of arms 5673:Great Patriotic War 5469:North Caucasus Krai 5465:Chechen-Ingush ASSR 5455:North Caucasus Kray 5445:Kabardino-Balkarian 5433:North Caucasus Kray 5290:Republic of Karelia 5232:disputed referendum 5204:Taurida Subdistrict 5164:North Caucasus Krai 5130:Jetysui Governorate 5023:Soviet Central Asia 4939:UN Security Council 4593:Chechen-Ingush ASSR 4578:Great Patriotic War 4545:. Despite a deadly 4225:universal education 4181:Russian Revolutions 3942:Zaporizhzhia Oblast 3774:Invasion of Ukraine 3563:Great Patriotic War 3535:Cultural revolution 3476:Transcaucasian SFSR 3344:February Revolution 3231:Emancipation reform 3129:Council of Uvetichi 2979: • 2975: • 2848:Revolutions of 1989 1998:was changed to the 1888:Russian Revolutions 1685:Soviet of the Union 1492:formed the largest 1379:President of Russia 1368:As Chairman of the 1216:Uzbek SSR (portion) 655:Congress of Soviets 625:• 1991 (last) 518:July–December 1991: 385:Languages of Russia 10668:Singing Revolution 10551:June 1976 protests 10336:Soviet occupations 9593:Military Collegium 9461:Capital punishment 9339:Caucasus Mountains 9252:Post-Soviet states 9132:Russian Revolution 8936:Russian given name 8522:Telecommunications 8472:Petroleum industry 8336:State of emergency 8181:Far-right politics 8146:Capital punishment 7992:Meshchera Lowlands 7846:Russian Federation 7802:October Revolution 7597:Karelo-Finnish SSR 7354:Resolution of the 7157:The New York Times 7062:on 22 October 2018 6080:The New York Times 6040:Russian Federation 5957:Historical names: 5849:Russian Federation 5703:The Internationale 5699: 5312:Stalingrad Oblasts 5286:Karelo-Finnish SSR 5212:Republic of Crimea 4957:Rossiyskaya Gazeta 4847: 4771: 4740:Karelo-Finnish SSR 4729:transferred Crimea 4721: 4685:Kingdom of Prussia 4681:Kaliningrad Oblast 4660:occupied southern 4654: 4523: 4422: 4300: 4292: 4284: 4177:October Revolution 4169:Alexander Kerensky 4154:October Revolution 3858:Republic of Crimea 3809:Russian Federation 3752:Presidential terms 3644:Karelo-Finnish SSR 3597:Chernobyl disaster 3337:Russian Revolution 3235:Russo-Japanese War 3223:1812 Patriotic War 3137:Battle of Kulikovo 3125:Council of Liubech 2838:Singing Revolution 2612:Novocherkassk 1962 2000:Russian Federation 1978:Great Northern War 1874:government of the 1864:Alexander Kerensky 1856:October Revolution 1683:(the other house, 1653:Russian Federation 1562:communist ideology 1554:October Revolution 1534:Volga-Urals region 1474:autonomous oblasts 1320:Russian Federation 1288:Karelo-Finnish SSR 1121:Karelo-Finnish SSR 720:October Revolution 587:Head of government 150:The Internationale 38:Socialist Republic 10786:Federal republics 10708: 10707: 10653:Velvet Revolution 10615:Telephone tapping 10589:list of defectors 10378:Tito–Stalin split 10263: 10262: 10227: 10226: 10219:Hammer and sickle 10161:and their groups 10159:Soviet dissidents 9938:Communist Academy 9855:Economic planning 9831: 9830: 9724:Soviet Air Forces 9643:Security services 9563:General Secretary 9546:Central Committee 9488:Political parties 9420:Brezhnev Doctrine 9415:Foreign relations 9372: 9371: 9313:Autonomous okrugs 9227:Soviet–Afghan War 9207:Sino-Soviet split 9149:Russian Civil War 9076: 9075: 9043: 9042: 8623:Domestic violence 8555: 8554: 8477:Russian oligarchs 8402:Aircraft industry 8379: 8378: 8356:Mass surveillance 8346:Search and rescue 8311:Political parties 8191:Foreign relations 8123: 8122: 7922: 7921: 7914:Historical cities 7773:Tsardom of Russia 7653: 7652: 7585: 7584: 6918:978-1-349-05591-3 6874:978-0-7864-5647-5 6797:Ikov, Marat Sal. 6783:978-0-465-09497-4 6756:978-0-19-884270-5 6729:978-0-631-19525-2 6657:978-0-393-08192-3 6550:(Subscription or 6492:Note especially: 6186:978-0-521-45770-5 6065:(16 March 1918). 5837:Tsardom of Russia 5739:Banner of Victory 5723:hammer and sickle 5617:Culture of Russia 5514:Khasavyurt Accord 5510:First Chechen War 5296:Volga German ASSR 5236:annexed by Russia 5214:. On 13 May, the 5184:Crimean peninsula 5083:Kazan Governorate 5017:. As part of the 4905:international law 4783:Mikhail Gorbachev 4779:era of stagnation 4560:was dissolved by 4547:five-month battle 4264:Russian Civil War 4201:Central Executive 4148:, founder of the 4125:, founder of the 4104: 4103: 4070:Russia portal 3998: 3997: 3692:Belavezha Accords 3674: 3673: 3585:Era of Stagnation 3551:Industrialization 3517: 3516: 3394:Soviet-Polish War 3330: 3329: 3311:Russian Manchuria 3257:Tsardom of Russia 3243:October Manifesto 3227:Decembrist Revolt 3219:Petrovian reforms 3187: 3186: 3147:Novgorod Republic 3111: 3110: 3027: 3026: 2931: 2930: 2766:Sino-Soviet split 2746:Tito–Stalin split 2741:Czechoslovak coup 2719: 2718: 2659:Ukraine 1989–1991 2597:East Germany 1953 2539:Soviet occupation 2059:Republic of China 1980:of 1700 to 1721. 1974:Tsardom of Russia 1926:(RSFSR), and the 1839:(1879–1940), the 1825: 1824: 1817: 1799: 1645:General Secretary 1626:Belovezha Accords 1621:Mikhail Gorbachev 1602:Democratic Russia 1574:1978 constitution 1478:autonomous okrugs 1419: 1418: 1336: 1335: 1332: 1331: 1152:Estonia (portion) 1126: 1125: 1089:Germany (portion) 1053:Finland (portion) 789:State sovereignty 733:Russian Civil War 613:• 1990–1991 528:semi-presidential 419:Russian Orthodoxy 260: 229: 176: 141: 10808: 10801:Communist states 10796:Former countries 10497:Goryani Movement 10477: 10469: 10435: 10397: 10331:Yalta Conference 10290: 10283: 10276: 10267: 10266: 10253: 10252: 10242: 10241: 10240: 9990: 9989: 9898: 9753:Collectivization 9498:Marxism–Leninism 9383: 9382: 9272: 9271: 9103: 9096: 9089: 9080: 9079: 9056: 9003:Russian language 8946:National symbols 8566: 8565: 8485: 8442:Fishing industry 8432:Economic regions 8427:Defence industry 8390: 8389: 8134: 8133: 8088:Russian Far East 7987:Northwest Russia 7945:Cities and towns 7933: 7932: 7795:Russian Republic 7701: 7700: 7680: 7673: 7666: 7657: 7656: 7511:Former parts of 7487:Byelorussian SSR 7465: 7464: 7446: 7439: 7432: 7423: 7422: 7402: 7388: 7375: 7369: 7352: 7346: 7345: 7343: 7341: 7332:. Archived from 7326:"Наука в Сибири" 7322: 7316: 7315: 7313: 7311: 7298: 7292: 7286: 7280: 7263: 7257: 7251: 7245: 7239: 7233: 7227: 7221: 7206: 7200: 7192: 7186: 7181: 7175: 7167: 7161: 7148: 7142: 7139: 7133: 7130: 7124: 7123: 7114: 7108: 7107:on 11 May 1925). 7101: 7095: 7094: 7078: 7072: 7071: 7069: 7067: 7050: 7044: 7043: 7025: 7019: 7018: 7016: 7014: 6999: 6993: 6992: 6990: 6988: 6968: 6962: 6961: 6959: 6957: 6929: 6923: 6922: 6902: 6896: 6895: 6885: 6879: 6878: 6858: 6852: 6851: 6841: 6835: 6834: 6824: 6818: 6817: 6811: 6809: 6794: 6788: 6787: 6767: 6761: 6760: 6740: 6734: 6733: 6713: 6707: 6706: 6704: 6702: 6687: 6681: 6668: 6662: 6661: 6634: 6628: 6613: 6607: 6594: 6585: 6584: 6566: 6557: 6555: 6547: 6535: 6528: 6522: 6521: 6516: 6514: 6490: 6484: 6483: 6478: 6476: 6457: 6447: 6441: 6436: 6427: 6424: 6418: 6413: 6407: 6402: 6396: 6395: 6393: 6391: 6363: 6357: 6356: 6354: 6352: 6346: 6335: 6326: 6320: 6307: 6294: 6276: 6270: 6269: 6251: 6240: 6227: 6216: 6215: 6197: 6191: 6190: 6170: 6161: 6152: 6146: 6145: 6143: 6141: 6126: 6120: 6117: 6111: 6090: 6084: 6060: 6043: 6034:Later used as a 6032: 6026: 6025: 6024: 6023: 6017: 6012: 6008: 6007: 6001: 5995: 5992: 5987: 5983: 5982: 5974: 5969: 5965: 5964: 5955: 5911: 5899: 5887: 5875: 5863: 5558:Gorno-Altai ASSR 5532:Republic of Komi 5518:Chechen Republic 5407:Astrakhan Oblast 5357:Kara-Kalpak ASSR 5126:Omsk Governorate 4995:1991 August coup 4960: 4901:Belovezh Accords 4857:and on 12 June, 4810:Belovezh Accords 4703:seaport city of 4535:Battle of Moscow 4325:collapsed, with 4306:, also known as 4173:Russian Republic 4142: 4119: 4096: 4089: 4082: 4068: 4067: 4066: 4054: 3992: 3991: 3978: 3977: 3954: 3933: 3912: 3891: 3870: 3850: 3840:Chechen Republic 3833: 3816: 3805: 3804: 3702:USSR dissolution 3618: 3617: 3547:Collectivization 3465:Byelorussian SSR 3422:Russian Republic 3418: 3417: 3253: 3252: 3215:Treaty of Nystad 3143: 3142: 3057: 3056: 2985: 2984: 2983: 2961: 2951: 2933: 2932: 2923: 2916: 2909: 2832: 2779: 2730: 2575:Poland 1944–1989 2559:Operation Jungle 2478: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2426: 2277: 2187: 2185: 2179: 2168: 2167: 2158: 2152: 2151: 2022:, being second. 1987: 1906: 1868:Russian Republic 1846:established the 1835:(1870–1924) and 1820: 1813: 1809: 1806: 1800: 1798: 1757: 1733: 1725: 1663:building of the 1361:As chairman the 1328: 1327: 1314: 1313: 1296: 1295: 1278: 1277: 1260: 1259: 1242: 1241: 1224: 1223: 1206: 1205: 1188: 1187: 1180:Latvia (portion) 1174: 1173: 1160: 1159: 1146: 1145: 1130: 1129: 1113: 1112: 1099: 1098: 1081: 1080: 1063: 1062: 1045: 1044: 1027: 1026: 1009: 1008: 991: 990: 981:Russian Republic 973: 972: 966: 965: 950: 949: 843:25 December 1993 830:26 December 1991 817:25 December 1991 807:12 December 1991 802:Belovezh Accords 781:19 February 1954 761:30 December 1922 570: 481: 479:Marxist–Leninist 458: 379: 275: 262: 261: 231: 230: 178: 177: 143: 142: 92: 72: 65: 47: 46: 45: 32: 31: 10816: 10815: 10811: 10810: 10809: 10807: 10806: 10805: 10711: 10710: 10709: 10704: 10619: 10573: 10560:Soviet reaction 10546:Croatian Spring 10490: 10488: 10481: 10475: 10467: 10439: 10433: 10395: 10382: 10368:Berlin Blockade 10319: 10318: 10299: 10294: 10264: 10259: 10238: 10236: 10223: 10171: 10145: 10065: 9979: 9924: 9896: 9870:Internet domain 9865:Five-year plans 9827: 9794: 9734: 9637: 9599: 9531:Communist Party 9519: 9478:Passport system 9368: 9344:European Russia 9322: 9261: 9202:Khrushchev Thaw 9181:(World War II) 9159:Creation treaty 9113: 9107: 9077: 9072: 9059: 9052: 9039: 8998:Public holidays 8993:Political jokes 8978:Personification 8931:Names of Russia 8800: 8719:Life expectancy 8551: 8483: 8375: 8226:Law enforcement 8119: 8105:Protected areas 8002:Smolensk Upland 7997:Oka–Don Lowland 7977:European Russia 7918: 7857: 7743:Mongol invasion 7690: 7684: 7654: 7649: 7608: 7581: 7547: 7512: 7506: 7456: 7450: 7400: 7397: 7392: 7391: 7385:Wayback Machine 7376: 7372: 7367:Wayback Machine 7353: 7349: 7339: 7337: 7336:on 9 March 2014 7324: 7323: 7319: 7309: 7307: 7300: 7299: 7295: 7287: 7283: 7277:Wayback Machine 7264: 7260: 7254:Лукашевич Д. А. 7252: 7248: 7242:Станкевич З. А. 7240: 7236: 7228: 7224: 7219:Wayback Machine 7207: 7203: 7193: 7189: 7182: 7178: 7168: 7164: 7149: 7145: 7140: 7136: 7131: 7127: 7116: 7115: 7111: 7102: 7098: 7085: 7079: 7075: 7065: 7063: 7056: 7052: 7051: 7047: 7040: 7026: 7022: 7012: 7010: 7009:. February 2011 7001: 7000: 6996: 6986: 6984: 6969: 6965: 6955: 6953: 6946: 6930: 6926: 6919: 6903: 6899: 6886: 6882: 6875: 6859: 6855: 6842: 6838: 6825: 6821: 6807: 6805: 6795: 6791: 6784: 6768: 6764: 6757: 6741: 6737: 6730: 6714: 6710: 6700: 6698: 6689: 6688: 6684: 6678:Wayback Machine 6669: 6665: 6658: 6650:. p. 368. 6635: 6631: 6614: 6610: 6604:Wayback Machine 6595: 6588: 6581: 6567: 6560: 6549: 6529: 6525: 6512: 6510: 6508: 6491: 6487: 6474: 6472: 6470: 6448: 6444: 6437: 6430: 6425: 6421: 6414: 6410: 6403: 6399: 6389: 6387: 6380: 6364: 6360: 6350: 6348: 6344: 6333: 6327: 6323: 6317:Wayback Machine 6308: 6297: 6287:Wayback Machine 6277: 6273: 6266: 6252: 6243: 6237:Wayback Machine 6228: 6219: 6212: 6198: 6194: 6187: 6171: 6164: 6153: 6149: 6139: 6137: 6128: 6127: 6123: 6118: 6114: 6091: 6087: 6075:Wayback Machine 6061: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6046: 6033: 6029: 6019: 6018: 6010: 6002: 5998: 5985: 5967: 5956: 5952: 5947: 5925: 5920: 5919: 5918: 5915: 5912: 5903: 5900: 5891: 5888: 5879: 5876: 5867: 5864: 5823:version of the 5796: 5790: 5762:national flower 5746:Matryoshka doll 5695:Matryoshka doll 5677:military parade 5650:Valentine's Day 5634: 5626:Main articles: 5624: 5619: 5613: 5585: 5489:Stavropol Krays 5393:Udmurt Republic 5174:Dagestan Oblast 5007: 4983: 4977: 4971: 4893:Leonid Kravchuk 4889:Brest (Belarus) 4816: 4800:Main articles: 4798: 4775:Leonid Brezhnev 4763: 4725:Georgy Malenkov 4713: 4664:Island and the 4566:Communist Party 4515: 4505: 4450:Western Siberia 4414: 4390:Imperial Russia 4382:electrification 4276: 4161: 4160: 4159: 4158: 4157: 4143: 4135: 4134: 4131:Bolshevik party 4120: 4109: 4100: 4064: 4062: 4057: 4056: 4052: 4045: 4033: 4021: 4008: 4000: 3999: 3980: 3979: 3966: 3952: 3931: 3910: 3889: 3868: 3848: 3831: 3814: 3803: 3798:2022 annexation 3782:Mass emigration 3770:2020 amendments 3753: 3711: 3697: 3684: 3683: 3675: 3616: 3602: 3580: 3527: 3526: 3518: 3416: 3399: 3362:Kornilov affair 3340: 3339: 3331: 3300:Congress Poland 3278:Russian America 3251: 3239:1905 Revolution 3206: 3197: 3196: 3188: 3157:Vladimir-Suzdal 3141: 3133:Mongol conquest 3121: 3120: 3112: 3055: 3050:Russkaya Pravda 3045:Baptism of Rus' 3037: 3036: 3028: 2993:pre-9th century 2971: 2969: 2949: 2942: 2927: 2898: 2897: 2833: 2830: 2823: 2822: 2775: 2751:Berlin Blockade 2731: 2729:Cold War events 2728: 2721: 2720: 2644:Kazakhstan 1986 2475: 2470: 2468: 2461: 2460: 2427: 2424: 2417: 2416: 2278: 2275: 2268: 2267: 2188: 2183: 2177: 2175: 2165: 2156: 2150: 2016: 1985: 1951:Treaty of Tartu 1821: 1810: 1804: 1801: 1758: 1756: 1746: 1734: 1723: 1717: 1592:), established 1588:(unlike in the 1558:sovereign state 1543:Leonid Brezhnev 1453:socialist state 1415: 1401: 1390: 1325: 1311: 1306:China (portion) 1305: 1293: 1287: 1275: 1269: 1257: 1251: 1239: 1233: 1221: 1215: 1203: 1197: 1185: 1171: 1157: 1143: 1137: 1120: 1110: 1103:Japan (portion) 1096: 1088: 1078: 1070: 1060: 1052: 1042: 1034: 1024: 1016: 1006: 998: 988: 980: 970: 876: 840: 827: 814: 804: 791: 778: 758: 748:25 January 1918 745: 735: 725:7 November 1917 722: 708: 694:Interwar period 677: 671: 662: 649: 626: 614: 602: 572: 568: 556: 535: 520: 502: 474: 473: 451: 450: 424: 377: 352: 348: 341: 327: 320: 306: 298:Sovereign state 296: 282: 266: 263: 244: 241: 232: 191: 188: 179: 156: 153: 144: 137: 134: 111: 102: 101: 100: 97: 93: 85: 84: 81: 79: 77: 73: 66: 48: 41: 39: 37: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 10814: 10804: 10803: 10798: 10793: 10788: 10783: 10778: 10773: 10768: 10763: 10758: 10753: 10748: 10743: 10738: 10733: 10728: 10723: 10706: 10705: 10703: 10702: 10701: 10700: 10690: 10685: 10680: 10675: 10670: 10665: 10660: 10655: 10650: 10645: 10640: 10633: 10627: 10625: 10621: 10620: 10618: 10617: 10612: 10607: 10602: 10597: 10592: 10581: 10579: 10575: 10574: 10572: 10571: 10566: 10553: 10548: 10543: 10538: 10529: 10524: 10519: 10514: 10509: 10504: 10499: 10493: 10491: 10486: 10483: 10482: 10480: 10479: 10471: 10463: 10458: 10453: 10447: 10445: 10441: 10440: 10438: 10437: 10429: 10424: 10419: 10414: 10409: 10404: 10399: 10390: 10388: 10384: 10383: 10381: 10380: 10375: 10370: 10365: 10360: 10359: 10358: 10353: 10348: 10343: 10333: 10327: 10325: 10321: 10320: 10317: 10316: 10311: 10305: 10304: 10301: 10300: 10293: 10292: 10285: 10278: 10270: 10261: 10260: 10258: 10257: 10247: 10232: 10229: 10228: 10225: 10224: 10222: 10221: 10216: 10215: 10214: 10204: 10203: 10202: 10192: 10191: 10190: 10179: 10177: 10173: 10172: 10170: 10169: 10168: 10167: 10155: 10153: 10147: 10146: 10144: 10143: 10138: 10133: 10128: 10123: 10118: 10113: 10108: 10107: 10106: 10096: 10091: 10086: 10081: 10075: 10073: 10067: 10066: 10064: 10063: 10058: 10053: 10052: 10051: 10046: 10036: 10031: 10026: 10025: 10024: 10019: 10014: 10004: 9999: 9993: 9987: 9981: 9980: 9978: 9977: 9976: 9975: 9965: 9960: 9955: 9950: 9945: 9940: 9934: 9932: 9926: 9925: 9923: 9922: 9921: 9920: 9915: 9913:Rail transport 9910: 9908:Railway system 9900: 9892: 9887: 9882: 9877: 9872: 9867: 9862: 9857: 9852: 9847: 9841: 9839: 9833: 9832: 9829: 9828: 9826: 9825: 9820: 9815: 9810: 9804: 9802: 9796: 9795: 9793: 9792: 9787: 9782: 9781: 9780: 9770: 9765: 9760: 9755: 9750: 9744: 9742: 9736: 9735: 9733: 9732: 9731: 9730: 9704: 9703: 9702: 9697: 9687: 9682: 9681: 9680: 9670: 9669: 9668: 9658: 9653: 9647: 9645: 9639: 9638: 9636: 9635: 9630: 9628:Deputy Premier 9625: 9620: 9619: 9618: 9611:Heads of state 9607: 9605: 9601: 9600: 9598: 9597: 9596: 9595: 9585: 9579: 9576:Supreme Soviet 9573: 9567: 9566: 9565: 9560: 9559: 9558: 9553: 9543: 9538: 9527: 9525: 9521: 9520: 9518: 9517: 9512: 9511: 9510: 9505: 9500: 9493:State ideology 9490: 9485: 9480: 9475: 9474: 9473: 9463: 9458: 9453: 9452: 9451: 9441: 9440: 9439: 9429: 9424: 9423: 9422: 9412: 9407: 9406: 9405: 9400: 9389: 9387: 9380: 9374: 9373: 9370: 9369: 9367: 9366: 9361: 9359:Ural Mountains 9356: 9351: 9349:North Caucasus 9346: 9341: 9336: 9330: 9328: 9324: 9323: 9321: 9320: 9315: 9310: 9309: 9308: 9298: 9293: 9292: 9291: 9280: 9278: 9269: 9263: 9262: 9260: 9259: 9254: 9249: 9244: 9239: 9234: 9229: 9224: 9219: 9214: 9209: 9204: 9199: 9194: 9193: 9192: 9187: 9176: 9171: 9166: 9161: 9156: 9151: 9146: 9145: 9144: 9139: 9129: 9123: 9121: 9115: 9114: 9106: 9105: 9098: 9091: 9083: 9074: 9073: 9071: 9070: 9065: 9058: 9057: 9049: 9048: 9045: 9044: 9041: 9040: 9038: 9037: 9032: 9031: 9030: 9020: 9015: 9010: 9005: 9000: 8995: 8990: 8985: 8980: 8975: 8970: 8965: 8964: 8963: 8958: 8953: 8943: 8938: 8933: 8928: 8923: 8918: 8913: 8908: 8903: 8898: 8893: 8888: 8883: 8878: 8873: 8868: 8863: 8858: 8853: 8852: 8851: 8841: 8836: 8831: 8826: 8821: 8816: 8810: 8808: 8802: 8801: 8799: 8798: 8797: 8796: 8786: 8781: 8776: 8771: 8766: 8761: 8756: 8751: 8746: 8741: 8736: 8731: 8726: 8721: 8716: 8711: 8710: 8709: 8704: 8694: 8693: 8692: 8682: 8681: 8680: 8675: 8670: 8660: 8655: 8650: 8645: 8640: 8635: 8630: 8625: 8620: 8615: 8610: 8605: 8600: 8595: 8590: 8585: 8580: 8575: 8569: 8563: 8557: 8556: 8553: 8552: 8550: 8549: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8524: 8519: 8514: 8512:Space industry 8509: 8504: 8499: 8498: 8497: 8487: 8479: 8474: 8469: 8464: 8459: 8454: 8449: 8444: 8439: 8434: 8429: 8424: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8404: 8399: 8393: 8387: 8381: 8380: 8377: 8376: 8374: 8373: 8368: 8363: 8358: 8353: 8351:Urban planning 8348: 8343: 8338: 8333: 8328: 8323: 8318: 8313: 8308: 8303: 8298: 8293: 8288: 8283: 8278: 8273: 8268: 8263: 8258: 8253: 8248: 8243: 8238: 8233: 8223: 8218: 8213: 8203: 8198: 8188: 8186:Federal budget 8183: 8178: 8173: 8168: 8163: 8158: 8153: 8148: 8143: 8137: 8131: 8125: 8124: 8121: 8120: 8118: 8117: 8112: 8107: 8102: 8097: 8095:North Caucasus 8092: 8091: 8090: 8085: 8080: 8070: 8069: 8068: 8063: 8058: 8048: 8047: 8046: 8036: 8031: 8029:Highest points 8026: 8021: 8016: 8011: 8006: 8005: 8004: 7999: 7994: 7989: 7984: 7974: 7972:Extreme points 7969: 7968: 7967: 7957: 7952: 7947: 7942: 7936: 7930: 7924: 7923: 7920: 7919: 7917: 7916: 7911: 7906: 7901: 7896: 7891: 7886: 7881: 7876: 7871: 7865: 7863: 7859: 7858: 7856: 7855: 7854: 7853: 7843: 7842: 7841: 7836: 7831: 7821: 7820: 7819: 7814: 7804: 7799: 7798: 7797: 7787: 7785:Russian Empire 7782: 7781: 7780: 7770: 7765: 7764: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7745: 7740: 7735: 7730: 7725: 7720: 7715: 7709: 7707: 7698: 7692: 7691: 7689: articles 7683: 7682: 7675: 7668: 7660: 7651: 7650: 7648: 7647: 7641: 7635: 7629: 7623: 7616: 7614: 7610: 7609: 7607: 7606: 7600: 7593: 7591: 7587: 7586: 7583: 7582: 7580: 7579: 7574: 7572:Lithuanian SSR 7569: 7564: 7558: 7556: 7549: 7548: 7546: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7530: 7525: 7519: 7517: 7508: 7507: 7505: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7482:Azerbaijan SSR 7479: 7473: 7471: 7462: 7458: 7457: 7449: 7448: 7441: 7434: 7426: 7420: 7419: 7414: 7406: 7396: 7395:External links 7393: 7390: 7389: 7370: 7347: 7317: 7293: 7281: 7258: 7246: 7234: 7222: 7201: 7187: 7176: 7162: 7143: 7134: 7125: 7109: 7096: 7073: 7045: 7038: 7020: 6994: 6963: 6944: 6924: 6917: 6897: 6880: 6873: 6853: 6836: 6819: 6789: 6782: 6762: 6755: 6735: 6728: 6708: 6682: 6663: 6656: 6638:White, Matthew 6629: 6608: 6586: 6579: 6558: 6523: 6506: 6485: 6468: 6442: 6428: 6419: 6408: 6397: 6378: 6358: 6321: 6295: 6271: 6264: 6241: 6217: 6210: 6192: 6185: 6162: 6147: 6121: 6112: 6107:Lenin's Legacy 6085: 6063:Arthur Ransome 6054: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6045: 6044: 6027: 5996: 5994: 5993: 5976: 5949: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5942: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5924: 5923:Bibliographies 5921: 5917: 5916: 5913: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5858: 5855: 5854: 5853: 5841:Russian Empire 5813:vexillological 5792:Main article: 5789: 5786: 5750:Moscow Kremlin 5664:(7 November). 5623: 5620: 5612: 5609: 5584: 5581: 5580: 5579: 5576:Stavropol Krai 5565: 5555: 5545: 5535: 5521: 5485:Stavropol Kray 5462: 5448: 5422: 5419:Stavropol Krai 5415:Krasnodar Krai 5396: 5382: 5371:Mordovian ASSR 5368: 5354: 5340: 5330: 5315: 5293: 5275: 5253: 5239: 5216:Verkhovna Rada 5177: 5167: 5141: 5095: 5076: 5058: 5011:Turkestan ASSR 5006: 5003: 4973:Main article: 4970: 4967: 4797: 4794: 4762: 4759: 4712: 4709: 4641:in 1944–1945. 4618:, becoming an 4504: 4501: 4484:). The former 4438:North Caucasus 4413: 4410: 4275: 4272: 4268:several states 4248:Russian Empire 4144: 4137: 4136: 4123:Vladimir Lenin 4121: 4114: 4113: 4112: 4111: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4102: 4101: 4099: 4098: 4091: 4084: 4076: 4073: 4072: 4059: 4058: 4009: 4006: 4005: 4002: 4001: 3996: 3995: 3993: 3957: 3956: 3945: 3936: 3935: 3924: 3921:Kherson Oblast 3915: 3914: 3903: 3894: 3893: 3882: 3873: 3872: 3861: 3852: 3851: 3842: 3835: 3834: 3825: 3818: 3817: 3811: 3802: 3801: 3678: 3677: 3676: 3672: 3671: 3668: 3662: 3661: 3659: 3650: 3649: 3646: 3639: 3638: 3635: 3628: 3627: 3624: 3615: 3614: 3521: 3520: 3519: 3515: 3514: 3512: 3503: 3502: 3499: 3492: 3491: 3488: 3482: 3481: 3478: 3471: 3470: 3467: 3460: 3459: 3456: 3449: 3448: 3445: 3439: 3438: 3435: 3428: 3427: 3424: 3415: 3414: 3378:Bolshevik Coup 3334: 3333: 3332: 3328: 3327: 3324: 3322:Uryankhay Krai 3317: 3316: 3313: 3306: 3305: 3302: 3295: 3294: 3291: 3284: 3283: 3280: 3273: 3272: 3269: 3267:Russian Empire 3263: 3262: 3259: 3250: 3249: 3194:Tsarist Russia 3191: 3190: 3189: 3185: 3184: 3182: 3173: 3172: 3169: 3163: 3162: 3159: 3153: 3152: 3149: 3140: 3139: 3115: 3114: 3113: 3109: 3108: 3106: 3097: 3096: 3093: 3087: 3086: 3083: 3077: 3076: 3073: 3067: 3066: 3063: 3054: 3053: 3031: 3030: 3029: 3025: 3024: 3022: 3015: 3014: 3012: 3005: 3004: 3002: 3000:Rus' Khaganate 2995: 2994: 2991: 2970: 2967: 2966: 2963: 2962: 2954: 2953: 2944: 2943: 2936: 2929: 2928: 2926: 2925: 2918: 2911: 2903: 2900: 2899: 2896: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2858:January Events 2855: 2850: 2845: 2840: 2834: 2829: 2828: 2825: 2824: 2821: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2790: 2785: 2780: 2773: 2768: 2763: 2758: 2753: 2748: 2743: 2738: 2732: 2727: 2726: 2723: 2722: 2717: 2716: 2715: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2699: 2694: 2686: 2685: 2679: 2678: 2677: 2676: 2671: 2669:Lithuania 1991 2666: 2661: 2656: 2651: 2646: 2641: 2636: 2631: 2630: 2629: 2624: 2614: 2609: 2604: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2588: 2587: 2582: 2569: 2568: 2564: 2563: 2562: 2561: 2556: 2551: 2546: 2541: 2533: 2532: 2526: 2525: 2524: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2498: 2493: 2485: 2484: 2476: 2467: 2466: 2463: 2462: 2459: 2458: 2453: 2448: 2443: 2436: 2428: 2423: 2422: 2419: 2418: 2415: 2414: 2408: 2394: 2389: 2383: 2378: 2372: 2367: 2362: 2357: 2352: 2347: 2342: 2337: 2332: 2327: 2325:Czechoslovakia 2322: 2317: 2312: 2306: 2301: 2296: 2291: 2285: 2279: 2274: 2273: 2270: 2269: 2266: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2250: 2245: 2240: 2235: 2230: 2225: 2220: 2215: 2210: 2205: 2200: 2195: 2189: 2174: 2173: 2170: 2169: 2161: 2160: 2149: 2146: 2111:Azerbaijan SSR 2103:Lithuanian SSR 2075:Belarusian SSR 2015: 2012: 1955:Irish Republic 1872:Russian Empire 1833:Vladimir Lenin 1823: 1822: 1737: 1735: 1728: 1721:Name of Russia 1716: 1713: 1665:Moscow Kremlin 1584:, established 1465:sovereign part 1417: 1416: 1395: 1392: 1391: 1389: 1388: 1385:Imperial ruble 1381: 1375: 1372: 1366: 1359: 1352: 1349: 1341: 1338: 1337: 1334: 1333: 1330: 1329: 1322: 1316: 1315: 1308: 1298: 1297: 1290: 1280: 1279: 1272: 1262: 1261: 1254: 1244: 1243: 1236: 1226: 1225: 1218: 1208: 1207: 1200: 1190: 1189: 1182: 1176: 1175: 1168: 1162: 1161: 1154: 1148: 1147: 1140: 1127: 1124: 1123: 1114: 1106: 1105: 1100: 1092: 1091: 1082: 1074: 1073: 1064: 1056: 1055: 1046: 1038: 1037: 1028: 1020: 1019: 1010: 1002: 1001: 992: 984: 983: 974: 962: 961: 956: 946: 945: 940: 934: 933: 928: 922: 921: 916: 912: 911: 904: 900: 899: 889: 885: 884: 881: 880: 877: 874: 871: 870: 867: 866: 862: 861: 858: 854: 853: 849: 848: 845: 844: 841: 835: 832: 831: 828: 822: 819: 818: 815: 812: 809: 808: 805: 799: 796: 795: 792: 786: 783: 782: 779: 766: 763: 762: 759: 753: 750: 749: 746: 743: 740: 739: 736: 730: 727: 726: 723: 717: 714: 713: 710: 709: 707: 706: 701: 696: 691: 685: 683: 682:Historical era 679: 678: 676: 675: 666: 664:Supreme Soviet 657: 643: 641: 637: 636: 633: 632: 627: 624: 621: 620: 615: 612: 609: 608: 606:Vladimir Lenin 603: 600: 597: 596: 593: 592: 589: 583: 582: 579: 578: 573: 566: 563: 562: 557: 554: 551: 550: 547: 546: 543: 537: 536: 534: 533: 515: 497: 468: 444: 442: 438: 437: 432: 426: 425: 423: 422: 416: 406: 395: 393: 389: 388: 380: 374: 373: 368: 364: 363: 358: 354: 353: 351: 350: 343: 335: 333: 329: 328: 326: 325: 314: 308:Union Republic 300: 290: 288: 284: 283: 276: 268: 267: 265: 264: 235: 233: 182: 180: 147: 145: 128: 125: 118: 117: 104: 103: 94: 87: 86: 74: 67: 60: 59: 58: 55: 54: 50: 49: 40: 35: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10813: 10802: 10799: 10797: 10794: 10792: 10789: 10787: 10784: 10782: 10779: 10777: 10774: 10772: 10769: 10767: 10764: 10762: 10759: 10757: 10754: 10752: 10749: 10747: 10744: 10742: 10739: 10737: 10734: 10732: 10729: 10727: 10724: 10722: 10719: 10718: 10716: 10699: 10698:Yugoslav Wars 10696: 10695: 10694: 10691: 10689: 10686: 10684: 10681: 10679: 10676: 10674: 10671: 10669: 10666: 10664: 10661: 10659: 10656: 10654: 10651: 10649: 10646: 10644: 10641: 10639: 10638: 10634: 10632: 10629: 10628: 10626: 10622: 10616: 10613: 10611: 10608: 10606: 10603: 10601: 10598: 10596: 10593: 10590: 10586: 10583: 10582: 10580: 10576: 10570: 10567: 10565: 10561: 10557: 10554: 10552: 10549: 10547: 10544: 10542: 10539: 10537: 10533: 10532:Prague Spring 10530: 10528: 10525: 10523: 10520: 10518: 10515: 10513: 10510: 10508: 10505: 10503: 10500: 10498: 10495: 10494: 10492: 10484: 10478: 10472: 10470: 10464: 10462: 10459: 10457: 10454: 10452: 10449: 10448: 10446: 10444:Organizations 10442: 10436: 10430: 10428: 10425: 10423: 10420: 10418: 10415: 10413: 10410: 10408: 10405: 10403: 10400: 10398: 10392: 10391: 10389: 10385: 10379: 10376: 10374: 10371: 10369: 10366: 10364: 10361: 10357: 10354: 10352: 10349: 10347: 10346:Baltic states 10344: 10342: 10339: 10338: 10337: 10334: 10332: 10329: 10328: 10326: 10322: 10315: 10312: 10310: 10307: 10306: 10302: 10298: 10291: 10286: 10284: 10279: 10277: 10272: 10271: 10268: 10256: 10248: 10246: 10245: 10234: 10233: 10230: 10220: 10217: 10213: 10210: 10209: 10208: 10205: 10201: 10198: 10197: 10196: 10193: 10189: 10186: 10185: 10184: 10181: 10180: 10178: 10174: 10166: 10163: 10162: 10160: 10157: 10156: 10154: 10152: 10148: 10142: 10139: 10137: 10134: 10132: 10129: 10127: 10124: 10122: 10119: 10117: 10116:Printed media 10114: 10112: 10109: 10105: 10102: 10101: 10100: 10097: 10095: 10092: 10090: 10087: 10085: 10082: 10080: 10077: 10076: 10074: 10072: 10068: 10062: 10059: 10057: 10054: 10050: 10049:Cyrillisation 10047: 10045: 10042: 10041: 10040: 10037: 10035: 10032: 10030: 10027: 10023: 10020: 10018: 10017:Working class 10015: 10013: 10012:Soviet people 10010: 10009: 10008: 10005: 10003: 10000: 9998: 9995: 9994: 9991: 9988: 9986: 9982: 9974: 9971: 9970: 9969: 9966: 9964: 9961: 9959: 9956: 9954: 9951: 9949: 9946: 9944: 9941: 9939: 9936: 9935: 9933: 9931: 9927: 9919: 9916: 9914: 9911: 9909: 9906: 9905: 9904: 9901: 9899: 9893: 9891: 9888: 9886: 9883: 9881: 9878: 9876: 9873: 9871: 9868: 9866: 9863: 9861: 9860:Energy policy 9858: 9856: 9853: 9851: 9848: 9846: 9843: 9842: 9840: 9838: 9834: 9824: 9821: 9819: 9816: 9814: 9811: 9809: 9806: 9805: 9803: 9801: 9797: 9791: 9788: 9786: 9783: 9779: 9776: 9775: 9774: 9771: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9761: 9759: 9756: 9754: 9751: 9749: 9746: 9745: 9743: 9741: 9737: 9729: 9725: 9721: 9717: 9713: 9710: 9709: 9708: 9705: 9701: 9698: 9696: 9693: 9692: 9691: 9688: 9686: 9683: 9679: 9676: 9675: 9674: 9671: 9667: 9664: 9663: 9662: 9659: 9657: 9654: 9652: 9649: 9648: 9646: 9644: 9640: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9617: 9614: 9613: 9612: 9609: 9608: 9606: 9602: 9594: 9591: 9590: 9589: 9588:Supreme Court 9586: 9583: 9580: 9577: 9574: 9571: 9568: 9564: 9561: 9557: 9554: 9552: 9549: 9548: 9547: 9544: 9542: 9539: 9537: 9534: 9533: 9532: 9529: 9528: 9526: 9522: 9516: 9513: 9509: 9506: 9504: 9501: 9499: 9496: 9495: 9494: 9491: 9489: 9486: 9484: 9481: 9479: 9476: 9472: 9469: 9468: 9467: 9464: 9462: 9459: 9457: 9454: 9450: 9447: 9446: 9445: 9442: 9438: 9435: 9434: 9433: 9430: 9428: 9425: 9421: 9418: 9417: 9416: 9413: 9411: 9408: 9404: 9401: 9399: 9396: 9395: 9394: 9391: 9390: 9388: 9384: 9381: 9379: 9375: 9365: 9362: 9360: 9357: 9355: 9352: 9350: 9347: 9345: 9342: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9332: 9331: 9329: 9325: 9319: 9316: 9314: 9311: 9307: 9304: 9303: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9290: 9287: 9286: 9285: 9282: 9281: 9279: 9277: 9273: 9270: 9268: 9264: 9258: 9255: 9253: 9250: 9248: 9245: 9243: 9240: 9238: 9235: 9233: 9230: 9228: 9225: 9223: 9220: 9218: 9215: 9213: 9210: 9208: 9205: 9203: 9200: 9198: 9195: 9191: 9190:The Holocaust 9188: 9186: 9183: 9182: 9180: 9177: 9175: 9172: 9170: 9167: 9165: 9162: 9160: 9157: 9155: 9152: 9150: 9147: 9143: 9140: 9138: 9135: 9134: 9133: 9130: 9128: 9125: 9124: 9122: 9120: 9116: 9111: 9104: 9099: 9097: 9092: 9090: 9085: 9084: 9081: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9061: 9060: 9055: 9051: 9050: 9046: 9036: 9033: 9029: 9026: 9025: 9024: 9021: 9019: 9018:Seven Wonders 9016: 9014: 9011: 9009: 9006: 9004: 9001: 8999: 8996: 8994: 8991: 8989: 8986: 8984: 8983:Playing cards 8981: 8979: 8976: 8974: 8971: 8969: 8966: 8962: 8959: 8957: 8954: 8952: 8949: 8948: 8947: 8944: 8942: 8939: 8937: 8934: 8932: 8929: 8927: 8924: 8922: 8919: 8917: 8914: 8912: 8909: 8907: 8904: 8902: 8899: 8897: 8894: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8882: 8879: 8877: 8874: 8872: 8869: 8867: 8864: 8862: 8859: 8857: 8854: 8850: 8847: 8846: 8845: 8842: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8811: 8809: 8807: 8803: 8795: 8792: 8791: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8782: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8772: 8770: 8767: 8765: 8762: 8760: 8757: 8755: 8752: 8750: 8747: 8745: 8742: 8740: 8737: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8708: 8705: 8703: 8700: 8699: 8698: 8695: 8691: 8688: 8687: 8686: 8683: 8679: 8678:Mental health 8676: 8674: 8671: 8669: 8666: 8665: 8664: 8661: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8651: 8649: 8646: 8644: 8641: 8639: 8638:Ethnic groups 8636: 8634: 8631: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8619: 8616: 8614: 8611: 8609: 8606: 8604: 8601: 8599: 8596: 8594: 8591: 8589: 8586: 8584: 8581: 8579: 8576: 8574: 8571: 8570: 8567: 8564: 8562: 8558: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8496: 8493: 8492: 8491: 8488: 8486: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8473: 8470: 8468: 8465: 8463: 8460: 8458: 8455: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8438: 8435: 8433: 8430: 8428: 8425: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8408: 8405: 8403: 8400: 8398: 8395: 8394: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8382: 8372: 8369: 8367: 8364: 8362: 8359: 8357: 8354: 8352: 8349: 8347: 8344: 8342: 8341:Civil defense 8339: 8337: 8334: 8332: 8329: 8327: 8324: 8322: 8319: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8304: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8286:Media freedom 8284: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8231: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8211: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8196: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8177: 8174: 8172: 8171:Criminal code 8169: 8167: 8164: 8162: 8159: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8151:Civil Service 8149: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8138: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8126: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8089: 8086: 8084: 8081: 8079: 8076: 8075: 8074: 8071: 8067: 8064: 8062: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8053: 8052: 8049: 8045: 8042: 8041: 8040: 8037: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8027: 8025: 8022: 8020: 8017: 8015: 8012: 8010: 8007: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7990: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7980: 7979: 7978: 7975: 7973: 7970: 7966: 7963: 7962: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7953: 7951: 7948: 7946: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7937: 7934: 7931: 7929: 7925: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7900: 7897: 7895: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7882: 7880: 7877: 7875: 7872: 7870: 7867: 7866: 7864: 7860: 7852: 7849: 7848: 7847: 7844: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7827: 7826: 7825: 7822: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7812:Russian state 7810: 7809: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7800: 7796: 7793: 7792: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7783: 7779: 7776: 7775: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7766: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7748: 7746: 7744: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7710: 7708: 7706: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7693: 7688: 7681: 7676: 7674: 7669: 7667: 7662: 7661: 7658: 7645: 7642: 7639: 7636: 7633: 7630: 7627: 7624: 7621: 7618: 7617: 7615: 7611: 7604: 7601: 7598: 7595: 7594: 7592: 7588: 7578: 7577:Moldavian SSR 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7559: 7557: 7555: 7550: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7520: 7518: 7516: 7509: 7503: 7502:Ukrainian SSR 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7474: 7472: 7470: 7466: 7463: 7459: 7454: 7447: 7442: 7440: 7435: 7433: 7428: 7427: 7424: 7418: 7415: 7412: 7411: 7407: 7405: 7399: 7398: 7386: 7382: 7379: 7374: 7368: 7364: 7361: 7357: 7351: 7335: 7331: 7327: 7321: 7306: 7303: 7297: 7290: 7285: 7278: 7274: 7271: 7267: 7262: 7255: 7250: 7243: 7238: 7231: 7226: 7220: 7216: 7213: 7210: 7209:Воронин Ю. М. 7205: 7199: 7196: 7195:Бабурин С. Н. 7191: 7185: 7180: 7174: 7171: 7166: 7159: 7158: 7153: 7147: 7138: 7129: 7121: 7120: 7113: 7106: 7100: 7093:(in Russian). 7092: 7091: 7086: 7077: 7061: 7057: 7049: 7041: 7039:0-333-66294-6 7035: 7031: 7024: 7008: 7004: 6998: 6982: 6978: 6974: 6967: 6951: 6947: 6945:9780674076082 6941: 6937: 6936: 6928: 6920: 6914: 6910: 6909: 6901: 6893: 6892: 6884: 6876: 6870: 6866: 6865: 6857: 6849: 6848: 6840: 6832: 6831: 6823: 6816: 6804: 6800: 6793: 6785: 6779: 6775: 6774: 6766: 6758: 6752: 6748: 6747: 6739: 6731: 6725: 6721: 6720: 6712: 6696: 6692: 6686: 6679: 6675: 6672: 6667: 6659: 6653: 6649: 6645: 6644: 6639: 6633: 6626: 6622: 6618: 6612: 6605: 6601: 6598: 6593: 6591: 6582: 6580:9780674018013 6576: 6572: 6565: 6563: 6553: 6545: 6541: 6540: 6534: 6527: 6520: 6509: 6503: 6499: 6498: 6489: 6482: 6471: 6469:9781933648156 6465: 6461: 6456: 6455: 6446: 6440: 6435: 6433: 6423: 6417: 6412: 6406: 6401: 6385: 6381: 6375: 6371: 6370: 6362: 6343: 6339: 6338:Pubs.USGS.gov 6332: 6325: 6318: 6314: 6311: 6306: 6304: 6302: 6300: 6293:), article I. 6292: 6288: 6284: 6281: 6275: 6267: 6265:9781443855211 6261: 6257: 6250: 6248: 6246: 6238: 6234: 6231: 6226: 6224: 6222: 6213: 6211:0-19-512179-1 6207: 6203: 6196: 6188: 6182: 6178: 6177: 6169: 6167: 6160: 6156: 6151: 6135: 6132:. Garant.ru. 6131: 6125: 6116: 6109: 6108: 6103: 6099: 6095: 6089: 6082: 6081: 6076: 6072: 6068: 6064: 6059: 6055: 6041: 6037: 6036:national flag 6031: 6022: 6016: 6003:Russian: 6000: 5991: 5977: 5973: 5959: 5958: 5954: 5950: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5926: 5910: 5905: 5898: 5893: 5886: 5881: 5874: 5869: 5862: 5857: 5856: 5852: 5850: 5846: 5842: 5838: 5834: 5830: 5826: 5822: 5818: 5814: 5810: 5806: 5802: 5795: 5785: 5783: 5782:Mother Russia 5779: 5775: 5771: 5770:national tree 5767: 5763: 5759: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5742: 5740: 5736: 5732: 5728: 5725:and the full 5724: 5720: 5716: 5712: 5708: 5704: 5696: 5692: 5688: 5686: 5682: 5678: 5674: 5670: 5665: 5663: 5659: 5655: 5651: 5647: 5643: 5639: 5633: 5629: 5618: 5608: 5604: 5600: 5598: 5593: 5590: 5589:war communism 5577: 5573: 5569: 5566: 5563: 5559: 5556: 5553: 5549: 5546: 5543: 5539: 5536: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5522: 5519: 5515: 5511: 5507: 5502: 5498: 5494: 5493:Grozny Oblast 5490: 5486: 5482: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5466: 5463: 5460: 5456: 5452: 5449: 5446: 5442: 5438: 5434: 5430: 5426: 5423: 5420: 5416: 5412: 5411:Rostov Oblast 5408: 5404: 5400: 5397: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5383: 5380: 5376: 5372: 5369: 5366: 5362: 5358: 5355: 5352: 5348: 5344: 5341: 5338: 5334: 5331: 5328: 5323: 5319: 5316: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5304:Volga Germans 5301: 5297: 5294: 5291: 5287: 5283: 5279: 5278:Karelian ASSR 5276: 5273: 5269: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5254: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5240: 5237: 5234:, Crimea was 5233: 5229: 5225: 5221: 5217: 5213: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5192:Baron Wrangel 5190:'s defeat of 5189: 5185: 5181: 5178: 5175: 5171: 5170:Dagestan ASSR 5168: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5144:Mountain ASSR 5142: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5127: 5123: 5122:Kazakh people 5119: 5115: 5111: 5110:Semipalatinsk 5107: 5103: 5099: 5096: 5092: 5088: 5085:populated by 5084: 5080: 5077: 5074: 5070: 5067:populated by 5066: 5062: 5059: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5016: 5012: 5009: 5008: 5002: 5000: 4996: 4992: 4988: 4982: 4976: 4966: 4962: 4959: 4958: 4952: 4948: 4944: 4940: 4936: 4931: 4929: 4924: 4920: 4915: 4911: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4881: 4879: 4875: 4871: 4866: 4864: 4860: 4859:Boris Yeltsin 4856: 4852: 4843: 4839: 4837: 4833: 4829: 4825: 4821: 4815: 4811: 4807: 4803: 4793: 4792:was adopted. 4791: 4786: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4767: 4758: 4756: 4752: 4747: 4745: 4744:Karelian ASSR 4741: 4736: 4734: 4733:Ukrainian SSR 4730: 4726: 4717: 4708: 4706: 4702: 4698: 4694: 4690: 4689:German Empire 4686: 4682: 4677: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4666:Kuril Islands 4663: 4659: 4651: 4646: 4642: 4640: 4636: 4632: 4628: 4623: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4608: 4606: 4602: 4601:collaboration 4598: 4594: 4589: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4562:Joseph Stalin 4559: 4554: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4536: 4532: 4528: 4519: 4514: 4510: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4491: 4487: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4443: 4439: 4435: 4431: 4427: 4418: 4408: 4406: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4383: 4379: 4376:ектрификации 4375: 4371: 4367: 4362: 4360: 4356: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4337:approved the 4336: 4331: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4311: 4309: 4305: 4296: 4288: 4280: 4271: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4256:Eastern Front 4253: 4252:German Empire 4249: 4245: 4241: 4236: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4211:), property ( 4210: 4206: 4202: 4197: 4192: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4166: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4141: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4118: 4097: 4092: 4090: 4085: 4083: 4078: 4077: 4075: 4074: 4071: 4061: 4060: 4055: 4048: 4044: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4004: 4003: 3994: 3990: 3986: 3985: 3976: 3972: 3971: 3965: 3964: 3959: 3958: 3955: 3950: 3946: 3944: 3943: 3938: 3937: 3934: 3929: 3925: 3923: 3922: 3917: 3916: 3913: 3908: 3904: 3902: 3901: 3896: 3895: 3892: 3887: 3883: 3881: 3880: 3875: 3874: 3871: 3866: 3862: 3860: 3859: 3854: 3853: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3837: 3836: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3820: 3819: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3806: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3766:War in Donbas 3763: 3759: 3755: 3749: 3748:Five-Days War 3745: 3741: 3737: 3733: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3720:Privatization 3717: 3713: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3693: 3689: 3686: 3685: 3682: 3681:Modern Russia 3669: 3667: 3664: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3657: 3652: 3651: 3647: 3645: 3641: 3640: 3636: 3634: 3630: 3629: 3625: 3623: 3620: 3619: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3598: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3582: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3529: 3528: 3525: 3513: 3511: 3510: 3505: 3504: 3500: 3498: 3494: 3493: 3489: 3487: 3486:Russian State 3484: 3483: 3479: 3477: 3473: 3472: 3468: 3466: 3462: 3461: 3457: 3455: 3454:Ukrainian SSR 3451: 3450: 3446: 3444: 3441: 3440: 3436: 3434: 3430: 3429: 3425: 3423: 3420: 3419: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3404:War Communism 3401: 3395: 3391: 3387: 3383: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3367: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3354: 3353:Dvoyevlastiye 3349: 3345: 3342: 3341: 3338: 3325: 3323: 3319: 3318: 3314: 3312: 3308: 3307: 3303: 3301: 3297: 3296: 3292: 3290: 3286: 3285: 3281: 3279: 3275: 3274: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3264: 3260: 3258: 3255: 3254: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3202: 3199: 3198: 3195: 3183: 3181: 3180: 3175: 3174: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3164: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3154: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3144: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3123: 3122: 3119: 3107: 3105: 3104: 3099: 3098: 3094: 3092: 3091:Rostov-Suzdal 3089: 3088: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3078: 3074: 3072: 3069: 3068: 3064: 3062: 3061:Novgorod Land 3059: 3058: 3052: 3051: 3046: 3042: 3039: 3038: 3035: 3023: 3021: 3017: 3016: 3013: 3011: 3007: 3006: 3003: 3001: 2997: 2996: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2965: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2955: 2952: 2946: 2945: 2940: 2935: 2934: 2924: 2919: 2917: 2912: 2910: 2905: 2904: 2902: 2901: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2873:Yugoslav Wars 2871: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2854: 2851: 2849: 2846: 2844: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2835: 2827: 2826: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2778: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2767: 2764: 2762: 2761:Secret Speech 2759: 2757: 2754: 2752: 2749: 2747: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2737: 2736:Marshall Plan 2734: 2733: 2725: 2724: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2698: 2695: 2693: 2690: 2689: 2688: 2687: 2684: 2681: 2680: 2675: 2672: 2670: 2667: 2665: 2662: 2660: 2657: 2655: 2652: 2650: 2647: 2645: 2642: 2640: 2637: 2635: 2632: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2620: 2619: 2618: 2615: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2593: 2590: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2578: 2577: 2576: 2573: 2572: 2571: 2570: 2566: 2565: 2560: 2557: 2555: 2552: 2550: 2547: 2545: 2542: 2540: 2537: 2536: 2535: 2534: 2531: 2528: 2527: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2488: 2487: 2486: 2483: 2480: 2479: 2473: 2465: 2464: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2449: 2447: 2444: 2442: 2441: 2437: 2435: 2434: 2430: 2429: 2421: 2420: 2412: 2409: 2406: 2402: 2401:North Vietnam 2398: 2395: 2393: 2390: 2387: 2384: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2318: 2316: 2313: 2310: 2307: 2305: 2302: 2300: 2297: 2295: 2292: 2289: 2286: 2284: 2281: 2280: 2272: 2271: 2264: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2254: 2251: 2249: 2246: 2244: 2241: 2239: 2236: 2234: 2231: 2229: 2226: 2224: 2221: 2219: 2216: 2214: 2211: 2209: 2206: 2204: 2201: 2199: 2196: 2194: 2191: 2190: 2186: 2180: 2172: 2171: 2163: 2162: 2159: 2154: 2153: 2145: 2143: 2139: 2134: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2067:Ukrainian SSR 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2029:on the west; 2028: 2023: 2021: 2011: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1996:official name 1993: 1988: 1981: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1958: 1956: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1931: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1912: 1910: 1902: 1898: 1897: 1891: 1889: 1885: 1882:the previous 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1819: 1816: 1808: 1805:February 2022 1797: 1794: 1790: 1787: 1783: 1780: 1776: 1773: 1769: 1766: – 1765: 1761: 1760:Find sources: 1754: 1750: 1744: 1743: 1738:This section 1736: 1732: 1727: 1726: 1722: 1712: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1697: 1695: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1637: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1622: 1618: 1613: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1598:Boris Yeltsin 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1550: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1535: 1529: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1502:urban centers 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1451: 1448: 1444: 1443:Soviet Russia 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1399: 1393: 1386: 1380: 1371: 1364: 1357: 1347: 1344:Remained the 1342: 1339: 1323: 1321: 1318: 1317: 1309: 1307: 1304: 1300: 1299: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1282: 1281: 1273: 1271: 1268: 1264: 1263: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1246: 1245: 1237: 1235: 1232: 1228: 1227: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1210: 1209: 1201: 1199: 1196: 1192: 1191: 1183: 1181: 1178: 1177: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1163: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1149: 1141: 1139: 1136: 1132: 1131: 1128: 1122: 1119: 1115: 1108: 1107: 1104: 1101: 1094: 1093: 1090: 1087: 1083: 1076: 1075: 1072: 1069: 1065: 1058: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1047: 1040: 1039: 1036: 1033: 1029: 1022: 1021: 1018: 1015: 1011: 1004: 1003: 1000: 999:Russian State 997: 993: 986: 985: 982: 979: 975: 968: 967: 964: 963: 960: 957: 955: 952: 951: 947: 944: 941: 939: 935: 932: 929: 927: 926:ISO 3166 code 923: 920: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 890: 886: 882: 878: 872: 868: 863: 859: 855: 850: 846: 842: 839: 833: 829: 826: 820: 816: 810: 806: 803: 797: 793: 790: 784: 780: 777: 776:Ukrainian SSR 773: 770: 764: 760: 757: 751: 747: 741: 737: 734: 728: 724: 721: 715: 711: 705: 702: 700: 697: 695: 692: 690: 687: 686: 684: 680: 674: 670: 667: 665: 661: 658: 656: 652: 648: 645: 644: 642: 638: 634: 631: 630:Boris Yeltsin 628: 622: 619: 616: 610: 607: 604: 598: 594: 590: 588: 584: 580: 577: 576:Boris Yeltsin 574: 564: 561: 558: 552: 548: 544: 542: 541:Head of state 538: 532: 529: 526: 523: 519: 516: 514: 511: 510:parliamentary 508: 505: 501: 498: 496: 493: 490: 487: 486:parliamentary 484: 480: 477: 472: 469: 467: 464: 461: 457: 456:parliamentary 454: 449: 446: 445: 443: 439: 436: 433: 431: 427: 420: 417: 414: 410: 409:State atheism 407: 404: 400: 399:Secular state 397: 396: 394: 390: 387: 386: 381: 375: 372: 369: 365: 362: 359: 355: 347: 344: 340: 337: 336: 334: 330: 324: 318: 315: 313: 309: 304: 301: 299: 295: 292: 291: 289: 285: 280: 274: 269: 239: 234: 186: 181: 151: 146: 132: 127: 126: 123: 119: 115: 109: 105: 99: 91: 83: 71: 64: 56: 51: 33: 30: 26: 22: 10736:Eastern Bloc 10635: 10309:Soviet Union 10297:Eastern Bloc 10235: 10007:Demographics 9997:Antisemitism 9850:Central Bank 9768:Forced labor 9716:Spetsnaz GRU 9536:organisation 9444:Human rights 9393:Constitution 9276:Subdivisions 9154:Russian SFSR 9153: 9110:Soviet Union 8956:Coat of arms 8916:Martial arts 8824:Army culture 8814:Architecture 8784:Witch trials 8739:Prostitution 8685:Human rights 8618:Demographics 8532:Trade unions 8502:Shipbuilding 8462:Homelessness 8422:Central Bank 8417:Car industry 8256:Conservatism 8166:Constitution 8161:Conscription 7834:Eastern Bloc 7824:Soviet Union 7817:Russian SFSR 7816: 7747:Feudal Rus' 7626:Bukharan SSR 7620:SSR Abkhazia 7562:Estonian SSR 7515:Russian SFSR 7514: 7497:Russian SFSR 7496: 7492:Georgian SSR 7477:Armenian SSR 7409: 7401:(in Russian) 7373: 7350: 7338:. 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Retrieved 6124: 6115: 6105: 6101: 6088: 6078: 6058: 6030: 5999: 5953: 5809:World War II 5797: 5788:Flag history 5774:Russian bear 5743: 5700: 5666: 5646:Mother's Day 5635: 5605: 5601: 5594: 5586: 5496: 5441:Georgian SSR 5343:Kirghiz ASSR 5333:Chuvash ASSR 5322:Kirghiz ASSR 5180:Crimean ASSR 5061:Bashkir ASSR 5051:Kara-Kirghiz 5031:Bukharan PSR 4984: 4963: 4932: 4882: 4867: 4863:popular vote 4848: 4830:adopted the 4817: 4787: 4772: 4755:Russian SFSR 4748: 4737: 4722: 4697:East Prussia 4695:province of 4678: 4655: 4624: 4609: 4590: 4586:Georgian SSR 4582:World War II 4555: 4524: 4498: 4466:Kirghiz ASSR 4423: 4402: 4398: 4377: 4373: 4369: 4363: 4332: 4315:black market 4312: 4301: 4237: 4215:), justice ( 4199:Soviets and 4193: 4162: 4146:Leon Trotsky 4127:Soviet Union 3988: 3982: 3974: 3968: 3963:full list... 3961: 3947: 3940: 3926: 3919: 3905: 3898: 3884: 3877: 3863: 3856: 3794:Mobilization 3786:Debt default 3728:Chechen wars 3679:since 1991: 3656:full list... 3654: 3633:Russian SFSR 3622:Soviet Union 3539:Korenization 3509:full list... 3507: 3443:Russian SFSR 3352: 3211:Zemsky Sobor 3179:full list... 3177: 3103:full list... 3101: 3048: 3034:Ancient Rus' 2707:to Hong Kong 2702:East Germany 2654:Tbilisi 1989 2639:Romania 1977 2607:Hungary 1956 2602:Georgia 1956 2438: 2431: 2330:East Germany 2242: 2157:Eastern Bloc 2135: 2119:Georgian SSR 2087:Estonian SSR 2024: 2017: 1999: 1989: 1982: 1965: 1959: 1932: 1923: 1919: 1913: 1895: 1892: 1837:Leon Trotsky 1826: 1811: 1802: 1792: 1785: 1778: 1771: 1759: 1747:Please help 1742:verification 1739: 1715:Nomenclature 1698: 1669:Russian flag 1643:(and former 1638: 1633: 1614: 1580:adopted the 1566:constitution 1564:. The first 1551: 1530: 1494:ethnic group 1461:Soviet Union 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1427:Russian SFSR 1426: 1422: 1420: 1302: 1284: 1266: 1248: 1230: 1212: 1198:Soviet Union 1194: 1134: 1117: 1085: 1067: 1049: 1031: 1013: 995: 977: 959:Succeeded by 958: 953: 938:Internet TLD 915:Calling code 892:Soviet ruble 875:• 1989 794:12 June 1990 699:World War II 668: 659: 646: 618:Ivan Silayev 517: 499: 470: 447: 412: 402: 382: 357:Largest city 316: 312:Soviet Union 302: 293: 279:Soviet Union 121: 108:Motto: 107: 80:Bottom: Flag 29: 21:Soviet Union 10624:Dissolution 10564:Martial law 10487:Revolts and 10461:Warsaw Pact 10111:Phraseology 10056:Prohibition 10044:Linguistics 10029:Drug policy 10022:1989 census 9943:Cybernetics 9845:Agriculture 9758:Great Purge 9720:Soviet Navy 9712:Soviet Army 9584:(1989–1991) 9578:(1938–1991) 9572:(1922–1936) 9556:Secretariat 9427:Gun control 9334:Caspian Sea 9318:Closed city 9247:Dissolution 9232:Perestroika 9174:Great Purge 9008:tea culture 8861:Fairy tales 8724:Open access 8697:Immigration 8658:Gun control 8397:Agriculture 8366:Term limits 8276:Martial law 8271:Nationalism 8266:Irredentism 8261:Imperialism 8044:Caspian Sea 7960:Environment 7955:Earthquakes 7851:Union State 7839:Dissolution 7738:Kievan Rus' 7728:Early Slavs 7646:(1990–1991) 7640:(1990–1991) 7638:Abkhaz ASSR 7634:(1920–1924) 7632:Khorezm SSR 7628:(1920–1924) 7622:(1921–1931) 7605:(1922–1936) 7599:(1940–1956) 7590:Short-lived 7567:Latvian SSR 7552:Annexed in 7538:Kirghiz SSR 7528:Turkmen SSR 7455:(1922–1991) 7340:17 November 7310:17 November 7013:12 December 6803:Prof.Msu.RU 6701:22 November 6042:until 1993. 5805:right angle 5697:taken apart 5658:Victory Day 5399:Kalmyk ASSR 5385:Udmurt ASSR 5256:Buryat ASSR 5118:Bukey Horde 5114:Transcaspia 5098:Kirgiz ASSR 5055:Kara-Kalpak 5035:Turkmen SSR 5027:Khorezm SSR 4947:Soviet flag 4836:War of Laws 4796:Early 1990s 4761:1960s–1980s 4551:Volga River 4462:Kazakh ASSR 4454:Kazakh ASSR 4319:martial law 3688:August Coup 3611:War of Laws 3593:Perestroika 3571:Warsaw Pact 3559:Great Purge 3522:1923–1991: 3386:White Guard 3366:Directorate 3335:1917–1923: 3192:1480–1917: 3118:Feudal Rus' 3116:1240–1480: 2989:Rus' people 2981:Early Slavs 2948:History of 2793:Vietnam War 2783:Berlin Wall 2712:North Korea 2649:Brașov 1987 2617:Prague 1968 2580:Poznań 1956 2433:Warsaw Pact 2392:South Yemen 2370:North Korea 2283:Afghanistan 2203:Byelorussia 2095:Latvian SSR 2047:North Korea 2039:Scandinavia 1976:before the 1880:Nicholas II 1657:Soviet flag 1547:perestroika 1514:Novosibirsk 1447:independent 1408:sovereignty 1348:until 2000. 1234:Turkmen SSR 954:Preceded by 879:147,386,000 772:transferred 756:USSR formed 689:World War I 640:Legislature 560:Lev Kamenev 525:multi-party 507:multi-party 349:(1918–1991) 342:(1917–1918) 242:(1990–1991) 189:(1944–1990) 154:(1918–1944) 135:(1917–1918) 98:(1978–1991) 82:(1954–1991) 78:(1918–1937) 10715:Categories 10578:Conditions 10556:Solidarity 10489:opposition 10151:Opposition 10141:Television 10121:Propaganda 10094:Literature 9968:Naukograds 9963:Sharashkas 9897:(currency) 9875:Inventions 9818:Censorship 9748:Red Terror 9432:Government 9306:Autonomous 9289:Autonomous 9222:Stagnation 9185:Evacuation 9013:Television 8988:Philosophy 8921:Mass media 8911:Literature 8906:Inventions 8668:Healthcare 8603:Corruption 8593:Censorship 8484:(currency) 8361:Separatism 8306:Opposition 8291:Neo-Nazism 8281:Monarchism 8251:Liberalism 8246:Propaganda 8206:Government 8073:North Asia 7874:Journalism 7733:East Slavs 7723:Sarmatians 7533:Kazakh SSR 7330:www.nsc.ru 6987:27 October 6808:9 February 6554:required.) 6507:0804744939 6475:25 January 6416:Article 72 6405:Article 76 6379:0898757258 6096:, and the 6050:References 5735:Red Banner 5681:Red Square 5615:See also: 5318:Kazak ASSR 5242:Yakut ASSR 5079:Tatar ASSR 5043:Tajik ASSR 4993:until the 4979:See also: 4969:Government 4943:Presidency 4705:Königsberg 4605:separatism 4543:Stalingrad 4507:See also: 4494:Uzbekistan 4482:Kyrgyzstan 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A huge 5656:(1 May); 5548:Tuva ASSR 5538:Mari ASSR 5524:Komi ASSR 5447:Republic. 5431:from the 5365:Uzbek SSR 5138:Samarkand 5134:Syr Darya 5047:Tajik SSR 5039:Uzbek SSR 4746:in 1956. 4635:Pechorsky 4631:Ivangorod 4622:in 1961. 4570:Karachays 4556:In 1943, 4531:Wehrmacht 4308:Povolzhye 4217:Steinberg 4185:Petrograd 4047:1982–1991 4043:1964–1982 4039:1953–1964 4035:1927–1953 4031:1917–1927 4027:1894–1917 4023:1855–1894 4019:1796–1855 4015:1721–1796 3790:Sanctions 3740:Oligarchy 3670:1921–1944 3648:1940–1956 3637:1922–1991 3626:1922–1991 3543:Stalinism 3501:1921–1923 3490:1918–1920 3480:1922–1922 3469:1920–1922 3458:1919–1922 3447:1917–1922 3437:1917–1918 3426:1917–1918 3412:Emigrants 3398:Priamurye 3382:Civil War 3358:July Days 3326:1914–1921 3315:1900–1905 3304:1867–1915 3293:1809–1917 3282:1799–1867 3271:1721–1917 3261:1547–1721 3171:1263–1547 3161:1157–1331 3151:1136–1478 3095:1093–1157 3020:Garðaríki 2977:Antiquity 2674:Riga 1991 2664:Baku 1990 2554:Lithuania 2446:Cominform 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