361:
2876:
5470:
5484:
1366:
7396:
2911:
70:
790:
2891:
6235:
1030:
original Perso-Arabic script made in the 20th century. Two Latin alphabets and one
Cyrillic alphabet are also used, though to a much lesser extent. The two Latin-based and the Arabic-based Uyghur alphabets have 32 characters each; the Uyghur Cyrillic alphabet also uses two iotated vowel letters (Ю and Я).
1599:
The
Chinese government have implemented bi-lingual education in most regions of Xinjiang. The bi-lingual education system teaches Xinjiang's students all STEM classes using only Mandarin Chinese, or a combination of Uighur and Chinese. However, research have shown that due to differences in the order
1121:
wrote, "In these cases it would be particularly inappropriate to normalize to the East
Turkish literary language, because by so doing one would obliterate traces of national elements which have no immediate connection with the Kaschgar Turks, but on the contrary are possibly derived from the ancient
1249:
as one of Islam's essential components and the tazkirah literature reinforced the sacredness of the shrines. Anyone who does not believe in the stories of the saints is guaranteed hellfire by the tazkirahs. It is written, "And those who doubt Their
Holinesses the Imams will leave this world without
1029:
The modified Arabic-derived writing system is the most common and the only standard in China, although other writing systems are used for auxiliary and historical purposes. Unlike most Arabic-derived scripts, the Uyghur Arabic alphabet has mandatory marking of all vowels due to modifications to the
2933:
The Karluk language started to be written with the Perso-Arabic script (Kona Yëziq) in the 10th century upon the conversion of the Kara-Khanids to Islam. This Perso-Arabic script (Kona Yëziq) was reformed in the 20th century with modifications to represent all Modern Uyghur sounds including short
1244:
provides an account of the Muslim
Karakhanid war against the Khotanese Buddhists, containing a story about Imams, from Mada'in city (possibly in modern-day Iraq) came 4 Imams who travelled to help the Islamic conquest of Khotan, Yarkand and Kashgar by Yusuf Qadir Khan, the Qarakhanid leader. The
1595:
According to reports in 2018, Uyghur script was erased from street signs and wall murals, as the
Chinese government has launched a campaign to force Uyghur people to learn Mandarin. Any interest in Uyghur culture or language could lead to detention. Recent news reports have also documented the
1297:
who inhabited Kāshghar and Bālāsāghūn, the inhabitants were not Uighur, but their language has been retroactively labelled as Uighur by scholars. The
Qarakhanids called their own language the "Turk" or "Kashgar" language and did not use Uighur to describe their own language, Uighur was used to
2694:
alternate, with the voiced member devoicing in syllable-final position, except in word-initial syllables. This devoicing process is usually reflected in the official orthography, but an exception has been recently made for certain Perso-Arabic loans. Voiceless phonemes do not become voiced in
6279:
1116:
wrote, "In the
Turkish of Káshghar and Yarkand (which some European linguists have called Uïghur, a name unknown to the inhabitants of those towns, who know their tongue simply as Túrki), ... This would seem in many case to be a misnomer as applied to the modern language of Kashghar".
1439:(also known as Lopluk) that falls under the Eastern dialect of the Uighur language is classified as a critically endangered language. It is spoken by less than 0.5% of the overall Uighur speakers population but has tremendous values in comparative research.
1159:) and didactic poetry (propounding "moral standards and good behaviour"), besides poems and poetry cycles on topics such as hunting and love and numerous other language materials. Other Kara-Khanid writers wrote works in the Turki Karluk Khaqani language.
1089:
is considered to be the true descendant of Old Uyghur and is also called "Neo-Uyghur". According to
Frederik Coene, Modern Uyghur and Western Yugur belong to entirely different branches of the Turkic language family, respectively the
2821:
of Uyghur is CV(C)(C). Uyghur syllable structure is usually CV or CVC, but CVCC can also occur in some words. When syllable-coda clusters occur, CC tends to become CVC in some speakers especially if the first consonant is not a
2077:, introduce non-final stress, and be analyzed as |Vj| or |Vr| before a few suffixes. However, the conditions in which they are actually pronounced as distinct from their short counterparts have not been fully researched.
2347:(or vowel raising) as well as vowel harmony. Words usually agree in vowel backness, but compounds, loans, and some other exceptions often break vowel harmony. Suffixes surface with the rightmost value in the stem, and
1288:
was behind the idea of renaming Turki to
Uyghurs. The use of the term Uyghur has led to anachronisms when describing the history of the people. In one of his books the term Uyghur was deliberately not used by
6652:
1564:. As a result, Uyghur can be heard in most social domains in Xinjiang and also in schools, government and courts. Of the other ethnic minorities in Xinjiang, those populous enough to have their own
2950:
also are in use to a much lesser extent. Unusually for an alphabet based on the Arabic script, full transcription of vowels is indicated. (Among the Arabic family of alphabets, only a few, such as
5445:/ɦɛm.mɛ ʔɑdɛm zɑtidinlɑ ʔɛrkin, ʔiz.zɛt hørmɛt wɛ ɦoquqtɑ bɑpbɑrɑwɛr bolup tuʁulʁɑn. ʔulɑr ʔɛqilʁɛ wɛ widʒdɑnʁɑ ʔigɛ ɦɛmdɛ bir birigɛ qerindɑʃliq munɑsiwitigɛ χɑs roh bilɛn muʔɑmilɛ qiliʃi kerɛk/
5437:
Hemme adem zatidinla erkin, izzet-hörmet we hoquqta bapbarawer bolup tughulghan. Ular eqilghe we wijdan'gha ige hemde bir-birige qërindashliq munasiwitige xas roh bilen muamile qilishi kërek.
5427:ھەممە ئادەم زاتىدىنلا ئەركىن، ئىززەت-ھۆرمەت ۋە ھوقۇقتا باپباراۋەر بولۇپ تۇغۇلغان۔ ئۇلار ئەقىلغە ۋە ۋىجدانغا ئىگە ھەمدە بىر-بىرىگە قېرىنداشلىق مۇناسىۋىتىگە خاس روھ بىلەن مۇئامىلە قىلىشى كېرەك۔
1155:). The book, described by scholars as an "extraordinary work," documents the rich literary tradition of Turkic languages; it contains folk tales (including descriptions of the functions of
1596:
existence of mandatory boarding schools where children are separated from their parents; children are punished for speaking Uyghur, making the language at a very high risk of extinction.
1236:
Modern Uyghur religious literature includes the Taẕkirah, biographies of Islamic religious figures and saints. The Taẕkirah is a genre of literature written about Sufi Muslim saints in
6587:
1576:, have access to schools and government services in their native language. Smaller minorities, however, do not have a choice and must attend Uyghur-medium schools. These include the
1383:
It is widely accepted that Uyghur has three main dialects, all based on their geographical distribution. Each of these main dialects have a number of sub-dialects which all are
1284:
The historical term "Uyghur" was appropriated for the language that had been known as Eastern Turki by government officials in the Soviet Union in 1922 and in Xinjiang in 1934.
1600:
of words and grammar between the Uighur and the Chinese language, many students face obstacles in learning courses such as Mathematics under the bi-lingual education system.
5455:"All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood."
6073:
4735:
elsewhere had the greatest influence on Uyghur. Loanwords from these languages are all quite recent, although older borrowings exist as well, such as borrowings from
7056:
5879:
Sven Anders Hedin; Erik Wilhelm Dahlgren; Axel Lagrelius; Nils Gustaf Ekholm; Karl Gustaf Olsson; Wilhelm Leche; Helge Mattias Bäckström; Harald Johansson (1905).
1660:
Uyghur has a seven-vowel inventory, with and not distinguished. The vowel letters of the Uyghur language are, in their alphabetical order (in the Latin script),
1443:
The Central dialects are spoken by 90% of the Uyghur-speaking population, while the two other branches of dialects only are spoken by a relatively small minority.
6024:
2769:
phonemic, as they occur as allophones in native words, the former set near front vowels and the latter near a back vowels. Some speakers of Uyghur distinguish
6713:
6660:
7240:
Hamut, Bahargül; Joniak-Lüthi, Agnieszka (2015). "The Language Choices and Script Debates among the Uyghur in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China".
2734:
with back vowels can be broken when either or in suffix-initial position becomes assimilated by the other due to the preceding consonant being such.
7016:
7024:. 2006 Middle East & Central Asia Politics, Economics, and Society Conference. Sept 7 – 9, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA. Archived from
10945:
10827:
10699:
4717:, which again have come through Uzbek and to a greater extent, Chagatai. Many words of Arabic origin have also entered the language directly through
1298:
describe the language of non-Muslims but Chinese scholars have anachronistically called a Qarakhanid work written by Kashgari as "Uighur". The name "
6525:
955:
of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region; it is widely used in both social and official spheres, as well as in print, television, and radio. Other
11072:
1698:
Uyghur vowels are distinguished on the bases of height, backness and roundness. It has been argued, within a lexical phonology framework, that
668:
1225:
were developed from dialects in the Chagatai-speaking region, showing abundant Chaghatai influence. Uyghur language today shows considerable
6682:
6476:
8410:
1425:
1375:
7546:
731:
6637:
Mamaitiim, Sagittarm (28 May 2013). "The Research on the Language Problems in Xinjiang Uyghur-Han Bilingual Teaching of Mathematics".
7456:
7427:
2777:
in Russian loans, but this is not represented in most orthographies. Other phonemes occur natively only in limited contexts, i.e.
6420:
10305:
8454:
773:
6556:
5885:. Lithographic institute of the General staff of the Swedish army [K. Boktryckeriet, P.A. Norstedt & söner. p. 659.
1254:. Shaw translated extracts from the Tazkiratu'l-Bughra on the Muslim Turki war against the "infidel" Khotan. The Turki-language
999:
6452:
Hann, Chris (2011). "Smith in Beijing, Stalin in Urumchi: Ethnicity, Political Economy, and Violence in Xinjiang, 1759–2009".
1641:
teaches the language to diaspora children online as well as publishing a magazine written by children for children in Uyghur.
1010:, especially in northern dialects. In addition to other Turkic languages, Uyghur has historically been strongly influenced by
10938:
10820:
10692:
7137:
7118:
7099:
7073:
7045:
7005:
6336:
6306:
6262:
6206:
6178:
6134:
6009:
5980:
5944:
5846:
5628:
5413:
4433:
8472:
6035:
7079:
5572:
360:
6744:
4209:
3477:
2665:
2553:
2166:
383:
1167:. Ahmad bin Mahmud Yukenaki (Ahmed bin Mahmud Yükneki) (Ahmet ibn Mahmut Yükneki) (Yazan Edib Ahmed b. Mahmud Yükneki) (
8599:
6296:
5804:
5770:
5700:
4658:
726:
6252:
6168:
7194:
7175:
6754:
6493:
2647:
932:
7400:
2333:
11092:
11087:
11082:
11067:
10931:
10813:
10685:
8403:
4269:
3619:
2567:
2560:
2480:
1137:, published a Turkic language dictionary and description of the geographic distribution of many Turkic languages,
8502:
7210:
7148:
6721:
4948:
4938:
4483:
4317:
3183:
3051:
3020:
3008:
2536:
2190:
2182:
1840:
1701:
646:
373:
7539:
7413:
6947:
Our 'Messy' Mother Tongue: Language Attitudes Among Urban Uyghurs and Desires for 'Purity' in the Public Sphere
5619:
3175:
1709:
1553:
531:
1277:
commissioned dictionaries on the major languages of China which included Chagatai Turki language, such as the
8027:
8022:
7449:
7334:
6124:
4071:
4021:
3519:
2934:
vowels and eliminate Arabic letters representing sounds not found in Modern Uyghur. Unlike many other modern
2574:
2487:
1817:
1110:
wrote that the Turkic language spoken in Kashgar and used in Kara Khanid works was Karluk, not (Old) Uyghur.
296:
7025:
1457:
Uyghur is spoken by an estimated 8–11 million people in total. In addition to being spoken primarily in the
315:
9535:
8595:
7229:
4201:
4161:
3857:
2875:
2545:
1826:
1184:
1139:
658:
426:
5396:
5361:
5326:
5291:
5256:
5216:
5182:
5151:
5120:
5089:
5053:
5020:
4989:
2839:
2835:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2731:
2730:→ , when the preceding consonant is voiceless. Lastly, the rule that /g/ must occur with front vowels and
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2703:
2699:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2348:
2337:
2329:
2313:
2305:
2227:
2219:
2109:
2101:
2093:
2085:
2055:
2048:
1780:
1077:
87:
11077:
8450:
8396:
6533:
4578:
4441:
3767:
2753:
only exists in very recent Russian and Chinese loans, since Perso-Arabic (and older Russian and Chinese)
2134:
1774:
1717:
766:
741:
736:
272:
5602:
4523:
3719:
3355:
2656:
2583:
2452:
2319:
2158:
2142:
2070:
1795:
1725:
956:
6971:
Proceedings of the 30th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information and Computation: Oral Papers.
5878:
2285:
Lowering tends to apply to the non-high vowels when a syllable-final liquid assimilates to them, e.g.
2207:'Finn'. Between two syllables that contain a rounded back vowel each, they are realised as back, e.g.
11057:
9444:
8086:
7532:
7342:
5606:
5527:
4521:
4481:
4439:
4431:
4383:
4315:
4267:
4207:
4199:
4159:
4119:
4117:
4069:
4019:
3981:
3979:
3937:
3897:
3855:
3815:
3765:
3717:
3665:
3617:
3565:
3517:
3475:
3435:
3393:
3353:
3311:
3271:
3229:
3181:
3173:
3123:
3085:
3083:
2336:, but phonological analyses claim that they play a role in vowel harmony and are separate phonemes.
2317:
2188:
2180:
2164:
2156:
2140:
2132:
1849:
1787:
1723:
1715:
1707:
1699:
1103:
1095:
663:
566:
7357:
7309:
7254:
11062:
9925:
9464:
9429:
8530:
7840:
7496:
7442:
7365:
6322:
3939:
3437:
3125:
3061:
3030:
2974:
2599:
2508:
2466:
1803:
541:
490:
239:
4921:
My (cell) phone shut down (关机; guānjī), so I wasn't able to send you a text message (短信; duǎnxìn).
4601:
like in many other languages. There are two numbers: singular and plural and six different cases:
1168:
10954:
10836:
10708:
10626:
10320:
9578:
9489:
9371:
9366:
8201:
7915:
7869:
7852:
7817:
7778:
7637:
7583:
4385:
3273:
3231:
2590:
2494:
2459:
1430:
1190:
1045:
995:
152:
6499:
10349:
10166:
9848:
8673:
8668:
8639:
8627:
8255:
8228:
8041:
7895:
7785:
7481:
7249:
6194:
5528:"Chinese Language Policy and Uyghur Youth: Examining Language Policies and Language Ideologies"
4574:
3056:
3025:
3004:
2965:
2374:
2011:
1957:
1900:
1638:
1384:
1099:
1086:
924:
912:
807:
797:
759:
485:
441:
235:
75:
24:
6326:
6151:
5997:
5932:
5880:
5836:
5690:
1240:. Written sometime in the period between 1700 and 1849, the Chagatai language (modern Uyghur)
11036:
10912:
10794:
10638:
10614:
10337:
10300:
8798:
8375:
8061:
7571:
7486:
6690:
5970:
5794:
5760:
3899:
3817:
3567:
3071:
3040:
2993:
2636:
2473:
2412:
2028:
1975:
1919:
1565:
746:
697:
692:
495:
243:
10512:
8351:
6653:"Google Translate supports new languages for the first time in four years, including Uyghur"
5863:
2304:
Official Uyghur orthographies do not mark vowel length, and also do not distinguish between
10881:
10285:
10146:
9965:
9945:
9930:
9666:
9631:
9439:
8191:
8017:
7753:
7279:
6969:
Mi, Chenggang, et al. "Recurrent Neural Network Based Loanwords Identification in Uyghur."
5882:
Scientific Results of a Journey in Central Asia 1899–1902: Lop-Nor, by Sven Hedin [1905
3313:
2501:
1693:
1278:
1007:
2351:
are transparent (as they do not contrast for backness). Uyghur also has rounding harmony.
2073:(above) and through loanwords. Underlyingly long vowels would resist vowel reduction and
8:
10984:
10598:
10578:
10342:
10269:
9970:
9920:
9915:
9326:
8893:
8477:
7991:
7900:
7707:
4766:
3667:
2619:
2528:
2421:
2223:
2105:
1408:
1113:
1068:
702:
182:
9955:
9940:
8555:
7128:
Johanson, Lars (1998). "History of Turkic". In Johanson, Lars; Csató, Éva Ágnes (eds.).
5896:
Dankoff, Robert (March 1981), "Inner Asian Wisdom Traditions in the Pre-Mongol Period",
5716:
Clauson, Gerard (1965). "Review An Eastern Turki-English Dictionary by Gunnar Jarring".
3003:
In the table below the alphabets are shown side-by-side for comparison, together with a
2718:
with back ones. Devoicing of a suffix-initial consonant can occur only in the cases of
951:, and various other countries have Uyghur-speaking expatriate communities. Uyghur is an
10768:
10543:
10315:
10249:
10198:
10151:
10095:
9825:
9768:
9494:
8650:
8419:
7670:
7326:
6607:
6429:
6093:
5913:
5741:
5733:
5547:
5497:
4718:
4654:
4594:
4586:
3395:
2899:
2432:
2081:
1337:
1126:
1072:
991:
687:
446:
9950:
8560:
7224:
939:. Apart from Xinjiang, significant communities of Uyghur speakers are also located in
350:
10522:
10182:
10056:
10001:
9893:
9801:
9796:
9753:
9675:
9406:
9386:
9311:
9288:
9061:
8943:
8913:
8755:
8746:
8698:
8688:
8535:
8467:
8317:
8206:
7862:
7807:
7723:
7700:
7693:
7491:
7190:
7171:
7133:
7114:
7095:
7069:
7041:
7001:
6750:
6615:
6611:
6564:
6489:
6332:
6302:
6258:
6202:
6174:
6130:
6097:
6005:
5976:
5940:
5842:
5800:
5766:
5745:
5696:
5624:
5551:
4698:
4642:
4630:
3066:
3035:
2984:
2951:
2395:
2380:
2089:
1344:
1290:
1218:
1206:
1202:
1160:
1039:
952:
707:
505:
451:
365:
Geographical extent of Uyghur Language in China (Xinjiang) and outskirts of Xinjiang.
247:
187:
2678:
Uyghur voiceless stops are aspirated word-initially and intervocalically. The pairs
379:
11010:
10855:
10763:
10727:
10593:
10588:
10558:
10517:
10497:
10386:
10381:
10325:
10295:
10244:
10133:
10006:
9986:
9935:
9902:
9863:
9858:
9853:
9811:
9806:
9788:
9636:
9626:
9530:
9479:
9474:
9449:
9376:
9069:
9046:
9041:
8971:
8966:
8961:
8923:
8863:
8788:
8731:
8726:
8711:
8482:
8433:
8287:
8216:
8211:
8056:
7996:
7968:
7963:
7958:
7748:
7738:
7617:
7555:
7513:
7476:
7065:
6991:
6950:
6599:
6485:
6457:
6085:
5905:
5725:
5539:
5489:
5226:
5063:
4961:
4954:
4762:
4740:
4732:
4728:
4710:
4702:
4682:
4678:
4662:
4590:
2935:
2884:
2870:
2390:
2369:
2364:
2215:
2097:
1650:
1604:
1561:
1341:
1325:
1317:
1311:
1226:
1194:
1091:
1064:
1049:
1023:
1019:
1015:
971:
967:
920:
825:
712:
561:
510:
475:
404:
231:
157:
147:
10141:
8051:
7675:
5543:
4918:
1sg-GEN cellphone-POSS.1sg shut.down, so 2sg-DAT text.message send-CAP.NEG-PST.1sg
2914:
2698:
Suffixes display a slightly different type of consonant alternation. The phonemes
2147:
undergo apicalisation after alveodental continuants in unstressed syllables, e.g.
1329:
11000:
10871:
10850:
10748:
10743:
10722:
10573:
10563:
10553:
10502:
10492:
10366:
10239:
10234:
10229:
10118:
10108:
10103:
10071:
10061:
10046:
10036:
10026:
9996:
9960:
9910:
9873:
9838:
9778:
9758:
9738:
9703:
9688:
9683:
9606:
9545:
9525:
9520:
9515:
9459:
9351:
9321:
9270:
9245:
9230:
9204:
9199:
9179:
9164:
9109:
9051:
9036:
9031:
9016:
9011:
8956:
8888:
8868:
8803:
8778:
8706:
8683:
8585:
8550:
8545:
8520:
8492:
8346:
8341:
8329:
8310:
8292:
8279:
8196:
8161:
8122:
8101:
8068:
8046:
8001:
7934:
7905:
7857:
7847:
7802:
7797:
7658:
7607:
7503:
7361:
7338:
7275:
4752:
4736:
4690:
4646:
4606:
4602:
2943:
2608:
2403:
2385:
2344:
1631:
1581:
1449:
is common in the northern parts of where Uyghur is spoken, but not in the south.
1446:
1360:
1003:
673:
480:
456:
421:
139:
7383:
Unicode based TrueType/OpenType fonts of the Uyghur Computer Science Association
7109:
Hahn, Reinhard F. (1998). "Uyghur". In Johanson, Lars; Csató, Éva Ágnes (eds.).
6478:
The Xinjiang Conflict: Uyghur Identity, Language Policy, and Political Discourse
6352:
11015:
11005:
10968:
10896:
10886:
10778:
10758:
10753:
10583:
10527:
10507:
10310:
10275:
10264:
10259:
10254:
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10113:
10051:
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10016:
9878:
9868:
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8933:
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8883:
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8828:
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8565:
8525:
8510:
8369:
8171:
8145:
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7592:
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7508:
7377:
4758:
4714:
4694:
4565:
2827:
2445:
1589:
1534:
1399:
1348:
1222:
1214:
1107:
1082:
1053:
975:
607:
580:
546:
500:
436:
224:
8540:
7297:
Online Uyghur, English, Chinese Multi-directional Dictionary (Arabic Alphabet)
6089:
5729:
5580:
2340:
only occurs in words of non-Turkic origin and as the result of vowel raising.
11051:
10568:
10442:
10418:
10361:
10190:
10123:
10081:
10066:
9991:
9843:
9748:
9621:
9616:
9469:
9381:
9361:
9356:
9346:
9336:
9331:
9306:
9260:
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9139:
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9094:
9089:
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9006:
9001:
8996:
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8986:
8981:
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8928:
8908:
8903:
8898:
8878:
8858:
8843:
8838:
8833:
8793:
8783:
8768:
8763:
8716:
8678:
8580:
8570:
8223:
8166:
7824:
7406:
Transliteration of Minority-Language Place Names Using Hanyu Pinyin Letters (
6603:
4744:
4650:
4634:
4622:
4618:
4614:
4041:
4038:
2939:
2926:
2831:
1573:
1542:
1538:
1462:
1421:
1412:
1164:
983:
979:
960:
936:
6461:
5834:
10548:
10413:
10376:
10076:
10041:
10031:
10011:
9883:
9763:
9728:
9718:
9713:
9698:
9586:
9510:
9414:
9391:
9084:
8951:
8873:
8823:
8773:
8575:
8515:
5475:
4748:
4598:
4421:
4418:
4371:
4368:
4305:
4302:
4107:
4104:
3705:
3702:
3655:
3652:
3605:
3602:
3423:
3420:
2947:
2517:
1518:
1395:
1333:
1285:
1274:
1267:
1210:
653:
622:
612:
10923:
10805:
10677:
5644:
333:
10459:
10435:
10408:
10398:
10371:
10356:
10332:
10156:
9733:
9656:
9651:
9611:
9341:
8032:
7663:
7315:
Uyghur English Dictionary (in Uyghur Latin, Arabic and Cyrillic scripts)
6030:[The Compendium of Turkic Languages Was for All Turkic Peoples].
5614:
5610:
4610:
2066:
1895:
1879:
1865:
1768:
1752:
1738:
1585:
1577:
1482:
1436:
803:
519:
213:
6996:
5737:
2883:
Military Museum of Xinjiang written in Uyghur (using Arabic script) and
10487:
10425:
10403:
9773:
9646:
8248:
8239:
4638:
4571:
2955:
2858:
2006:
1870:
1834:
1743:
1627:
1619:
1526:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1118:
1060:
987:
948:
944:
940:
632:
536:
110:
106:
102:
20:
7155:
7036:
Dwyer, Arienne (2001). "Uyghur". In Garry, Jane; Rubino, Carl (eds.).
6955:
5917:
4783:) for the word "orange", rather than the ubiquitous Mandarin loanword
4769:
and other mass media, for example, will use the rare Russian loanword
2925:
of the People's Republic of China. Address written in Uyghur with the
2898:, Xinjiang, written in Uyghur (using Arabic script) and Chinese (both
10876:
10464:
10452:
10447:
10391:
9723:
8462:
8388:
7758:
5718:
The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland
5695:(illustrated ed.). University of California Press. p. 145.
2850:
2843:
2074:
1952:
1811:
1623:
1611:
1510:
1494:
1246:
1237:
571:
343:
326:
307:
288:
7058:
Greetings from the Teklimakan: A Handbook of Modern Uyghur, Volume 1
6233:
4925:
Below are some examples of common loanwords in the Uyghur language.
1365:
10430:
7524:
7291:
6254:
The ETIM: China's Islamic Militants and the Global Terrorist Threat
6101:
5909:
5799:(illustrated, reprint ed.). Taylor & Francis. p. 75.
5483:
4686:
2922:
2910:
2823:
2818:
1615:
1557:
1514:
1486:
1458:
1230:
1134:
1102:, although in geographic proximity, is more closely related to the
907:
880:
602:
592:
526:
431:
391:
264:
7434:
7395:
7331:
6237:
Journal of the Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs, Volumes 12–13
6153:
A Sketch of the Turki Language: As Spoken in Eastern Turkistan ...
5865:
A Sketch of the Turki Language: As Spoken in Eastern Turkistan ...
10469:
6074:"Modular History: Identity Maintenance before Uyghur Nationalism"
4674:
2854:
2847:
2080:
The high vowels undergo some tensing when they occur adjacent to
1569:
1549:
1506:
1498:
1490:
1466:
1294:
1250:
faith and on Judgement Day their faces will be black ..." in the
1130:
928:
637:
597:
551:
412:
387:
120:
4765:
is common in spoken Uyghur, but stigmatized in formal contexts.
1229:
influence as a result from Chagatai, including numerous Persian
8333:
5187:
4915:
Më-ning telfon-im guenji, shunga siz-ge duenshin ewet-elmi-dim.
4706:
2903:
2895:
1530:
1522:
1502:
1372:
1198:
1156:
1011:
806:, you may see unjoined letters or other symbols instead of
627:
587:
7310:丝路语通 Online Uyghur–Chinese Dictionary and translation services
2826:. In Uyghur, any consonant phoneme can occur as the syllable
849:
840:
834:
7382:
7149:"Disharmony and Derived Transparency in Uyghur Vowel Harmony"
6025:"Türki tillar diwani pütün türkiy xelqler ücün engüshterdur"
5412:
The following is a sample text in Uyghur of Article 1 of the
4722:
4099:
4096:
3795:
3792:
3153:
3150:
2918:
1302:" was used by the Soviet educated Uyghur Qadir Haji in 1927.
1258:
was written by M. Sadiq Kashghari. Historical works like the
1183:) (Hibet ül-hakayık) (Hibbetü'l-Hakaik) (Atebetüʼl-hakayik) (
556:
98:
1371:
Lopnor Uighur is classified as Critically Endangered by the
277:
Working Committee of Ethnic Language and Writing of Xinjiang
69:
7301:
6027:تۈركى تىللار دىۋانى پۈتۈن تۈركىي خەلقلەر ئۈچۈن ئەنگۈشتەردۇر
4705:
which have had a strong influence on Uyghur. Many words of
4626:
4582:
2880:
617:
7296:
7276:
Greetings from the Teklimakan: a handbook of Modern Uyghur
4912:مېنىڭ تەلەفونىم گۇئەنجى، شۇڭا سىزگە دۇئەنشىن ئەۋەتەلمىدىم.
4543:
4540:
4532:
4503:
4500:
4492:
4461:
4458:
4450:
4413:
4410:
4405:
4402:
4394:
4360:
4357:
4353:
4350:
4337:
4334:
4326:
4289:
4286:
4278:
4229:
4226:
4218:
4181:
4178:
4170:
4147:
4144:
4139:
4136:
4128:
4091:
4088:
4080:
4057:
4054:
4049:
4046:
4030:
4001:
3998:
3990:
3959:
3956:
3948:
3919:
3916:
3908:
3877:
3874:
3866:
3837:
3834:
3826:
3787:
3784:
3776:
3739:
3736:
3728:
3687:
3684:
3676:
3639:
3636:
3628:
3587:
3584:
3576:
3539:
3536:
3528:
3497:
3494:
3486:
3457:
3454:
3446:
3415:
3412:
3404:
3375:
3372:
3364:
3333:
3330:
3322:
3293:
3290:
3282:
3251:
3248:
3240:
3211:
3208:
3203:
3200:
3192:
3145:
3142:
3134:
3105:
3102:
3094:
1714:, and modern Uyghur lacks a clear differentiation between
390:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
7354:
6588:"Bilingual Education in Xinjiang in the Post-2009 Period"
6419:
Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Garry F.; Fennig, Charles D.
5835:
Mehmet Fuat Köprülü; Gary Leiser; Robert Dankoff (2006).
2890:
2761:. Perso-Arabic loans have also made the contrast between
2745:
were borrowed from Arabic and have been nativized, while
2737:
Loan phonemes have influenced Uyghur to various degrees.
2214:
Any vowel undergoes laxing and backing when it occurs in
2069:, but long vowels also exist because of historical vowel
1125:
Probably around 1077, a scholar of the Turkic languages,
846:
837:
7314:
7055:
Engesæth, Tarjei; Yakup, Mahire; Dwyer, Arienne (2009).
2842:, which never occurs word-initially. In general, Uyghur
1213:
until the early 20th century. After Chaghatai fell into
5521:
5519:
5517:
6586:
Gupta, Sonika; Ramachandran, Veena (1 November 2016).
6353:"Did you know Lopnor Uighur is critically endangered?"
1002:
word order. More distinctly, Uyghur processes include
6454:
Focaal: Journal of Global and Historical Anthropology
4551:
4548:
4511:
4508:
4469:
4466:
4345:
4342:
4297:
4294:
4255:
4252:
4245:
4242:
4237:
4234:
4189:
4186:
4009:
4006:
3967:
3964:
3927:
3924:
3885:
3882:
3845:
3842:
3803:
3800:
3755:
3752:
3747:
3744:
3695:
3692:
3647:
3644:
3595:
3592:
3555:
3552:
3547:
3544:
3505:
3502:
3465:
3462:
3383:
3380:
3341:
3338:
3301:
3298:
3259:
3256:
3219:
3216:
3161:
3158:
3113:
3110:
2954:, distinguish all vowels without the use of optional
831:
7403:
at Wikisource, published by the Library of Congress.
7015:
Duval, Jean Rahman; Janbaz, Waris Abdukerim (2006).
6988:
The Lopnor Dialect of Uyghur: A Descriptive Analysis
6399:
6397:
5972:
Animal and Shaman: Ancient Religions of Central Asia
5830:
5828:
5692:
One Thousand Languages: Living, Endangered, and Lost
5514:
5465:
1178:
1172:
978:. Like many other Turkic languages, Uyghur displays
927:
with 8–13 million speakers, spoken primarily by the
2961:The four alphabets in use today can be seen below.
1469:, Uyghur was also spoken by some 300,000 people in
1347:(the East Karluk languages), and more distantly to
828:
7054:
6903:
6899:
6897:
6428:
1489:, both in 1982. Smaller communities also exist in
7239:
6585:
6394:
6277:
6250:
6059:Farhang-i wāžahā-i fārsī dar zabān-i ūyġūrī-i Čīn
6004:, vol. 4, Motilal Banarsidass, p. 379,
5872:
5825:
5677:
4755:origin have also reached Uyghur through Russian.
11049:
6557:"China Separating Muslim Children from Families"
6418:
6170:Persian Literature: A Bio-Bibliographical Survey
2179:'work; job; service'. After velars, uvulars and
7154:. Cambridge: Harvard University. Archived from
6894:
6244:
4865:
2917:(on the left) and barbershop (on the right) in
6199:Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World
4906:
4830:
4808:
4797:). In a sentence, this mixing might look like:
4665:: e.g. ability. Verbs may be negated as well.
2706:anywhere in a suffix alternate as governed by
10939:
10821:
10693:
8404:
7540:
7450:
7421:
7407:
7170:. Translated by Lee, Anne. İstanbul: Yıldız.
6414:
6412:
6294:
6234:Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs (1991).
6034:(in Uyghur). 11 February 2010. Archived from
5623:(18th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
5532:Journal of Language, Identity & Education
5371:
5336:
5301:
5266:
5231:
5195:
5161:
5130:
5099:
5068:
5031:
5000:
4967:
4774:
767:
6810:
6193:
6166:
5425:
5388:
5353:
5318:
5283:
5248:
5208:
5174:
5143:
5112:
5081:
5045:
5013:
4981:
4685:throughout its history, it has adopted many
897:
891:
885:
870:
864:
858:
57:
51:
45:
10953:
10835:
10707:
7014:
6990:(Doctoral thesis). University of Helsinki.
6940:
6938:
6936:
6427:. Dallas, Texas: Ethnologue. Archived from
6149:
5861:
5526:Han, Yawen; Johnson, David Cassels (2021).
4709:origin have come into the language through
1201:after the 13th century, developed into the
10946:
10932:
10828:
10814:
10700:
10686:
8626:
8411:
8397:
7547:
7533:
7457:
7443:
7094:. London: University of Washington Press.
6409:
6315:
6288:
6160:
5930:
5525:
2797:only morpheme-final. Therefore, the pairs
774:
760:
732:East Turkistan National Awakening Movement
359:
68:
7253:
6995:
6985:
6954:
6636:
6526:"The 'Patriotism' of Not Speaking Uyghur"
6271:
6240:. King Abdulaziz University. p. 108.
6129:. Harvard University Press. p. 113.
6122:
5964:
5962:
5939:, Taylor & Francis, pp. 236–41,
5689:Arik, Kagan (2008). Austin, Peter (ed.).
4898:
4826:
4570:Like other Turkic languages, Uyghur is a
7127:
6944:
6933:
6554:
6116:
6002:History of Civilizations of Central Asia
5898:Journal of the American Oriental Society
5620:Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary
2909:
2889:
2874:
2332:'my language'); these two sounds are in
1376:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
1364:
886:
859:
46:
16:Turkic language of the Karluk sub-branch
7161:on 8 February 2006 – via uwm.edu.
6711:
6000:, in C. E. Bosworth, M.S.Asimov (ed.),
5995:
5968:
5904:(1), American Oriental Society: 87–95,
5895:
5889:
5715:
1293:. The name Khāqāniyya was given to the
384:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
11050:
8418:
7018:An Introduction to Latin-Script Uyghur
6742:
6714:"Uighur Poets on Repression and Exile"
6683:"Google Translate adds five languages"
6321:
6061:, Tehran: Bunyād-i Nīšābūr, p. 57
6056:
5959:
2938:, Uyghur is primarily written using a
1603:Uyghur language has been supported by
1556:and Uyghur is an official language of
1245:shrines of Sufi Saints are revered in
906:
879:
10927:
10809:
10681:
9566:
8625:
8392:
7528:
7438:
7420:Uyghur Scripts Latinization Project (
7184:
7165:
7068:: University of Kansas Scholarworks.
7035:
6949:(M.A. thesis). University of Kansas.
6712:Freeman, Joshua L. (13 August 2020).
6523:
6474:
6403:
6376:
6251:Reed, J. Todd; Diana Raschke (2010).
5935:, in Lars Johanson, Éva Csató (ed.),
5792:
5758:
5601:
5414:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
4812:
4681:stock, but due to different kinds of
4185:
3691:
3591:
1252:Tazkirah of the Four Sacrificed Imams
1242:Taẕkirah of the Four Sacrificed Imams
7554:
7146:
7108:
7089:
6927:
6915:
6888:
6876:
6864:
6852:
6840:
6828:
6816:
6804:
6793:
6781:
6769:
6488:: East-West Center. pp. 12–13.
6451:
6388:
6221:
6071:
5819:
5688:
1420:: Spoken in an area stretching from
1407:: Spoken in an area stretching from
1394:: Spoken in an area stretching from
1063:, rather, it is a descendant of the
1059:Modern Uyghur is not descended from
9567:
7464:
6197:; Ogilvie, Sarah (2009), "Uyghur",
6126:The Sacred Routes of Uyghur History
5998:"Literature of the Turkish Peoples"
5838:Early Mystics in Turkish Literature
5426:
5389:
5354:
5319:
5284:
5249:
5209:
5175:
5144:
5113:
5082:
5046:
5032:
5014:
5001:
4982:
4968:
4869:
2838:which only occurs in the onset and
1316:The Uyghur language belongs to the
974:, which includes languages such as
13:
8374:Languages between parentheses are
7204:
7189:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.
7168:Modern Uyghur Grammar (Morphology)
7040:. H. W. Wilson. pp. 786–790.
6963:
6743:Nevins, Andrew (23 October 2023).
6689:. 26 February 2020. Archived from
6659:. 26 February 2020. Archived from
6425:Ethnologue: Languages of the World
6295:Edmund Herzig (30 November 2014).
6173:. Psychology Press. p. 1026.
4902:
4894:
2707:
2155:'harm'. They are medialised after
727:East Turkistan Government in Exile
14:
11104:
7263:
7038:Facts About the World's Languages
6284:. Indiana University. p. 12.
5841:. Psychology Press. p. 158.
2923:Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
2664:
2655:
2646:
2618:
2598:
2589:
2582:
2573:
2566:
2559:
2552:
2544:
2535:
2516:
2507:
2500:
2493:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2451:
2431:
2420:
2411:
1848:
1839:
1825:
1816:
1802:
1794:
1786:
1773:
1558:Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
1554:recognized ethnic groups in China
1459:Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
1305:
1145:Compendium of the Turkic Dialects
933:Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
7394:
7388:
7378:Arabic Uyghur in different fonts
6945:Thompson, Ashley Claire (2013).
6904:Engesæth, Yakup & Dwyer 2009
6524:Byler, Darren (2 January 2019).
6484:. Policy Studies. Vol. 15.
6281:Education in Xinjiang, 1884–1928
5482:
5468:
824:
788:
7285:
7113:. Routledge. pp. 379–396.
6921:
6909:
6882:
6870:
6858:
6846:
6834:
6822:
6798:
6787:
6775:
6763:
6736:
6705:
6675:
6645:
6630:
6579:
6548:
6517:
6468:
6445:
6382:
6370:
6345:
6227:
6215:
6187:
6143:
6065:
6050:
6017:
5989:
5924:
5855:
5813:
5786:
3009:International Phonetic Alphabet
2812:
1048:are the direct ancestor of the
647:Persecution of Uyghurs in China
8378:of the language on their left.
7422:
7408:
7132:. Routledge. pp. 81–125.
6555:Sudworth, John (4 July 2019).
6167:C. A. Storey (February 2002).
5752:
5709:
5682:
5671:
5662:
5637:
5595:
5565:
5407:
4793:
2864:
1618:are available in Uyghur; five
1179:
1173:
892:
865:
52:
1:
11073:Subject–object–verb languages
7348:
6123:Rian Thum (13 October 2014).
5796:The Caucasus: An Introduction
5762:The Caucasus: An Introduction
5678:Hamut & Joniak-Lüthi 2015
5544:10.1080/15348458.2020.1753193
5503:
5416:with an English translation.
4677:of the Uyghur language is of
2714:occurs with front vowels and
2354:
2065:Uyghur vowels are by default
1096:Northeastern Turkic languages
1092:Southeastern Turkic languages
957:ethnic minorities in Xinjiang
915:: Uyğurçä; formerly known as
7268:
7230:Resources in other libraries
7187:The Turfan Dialect of Uyghur
6718:The New York Review of Books
6331:. Harvard University Press.
6078:The Journal of Asian Studies
2879:A signboard in front of the
1832:
1809:
1766:
1644:
1300:Altishahri-Jungharian Uyghur
659:Civil Servant-Family Pair Up
7:
5975:. I.B. Tauris. p. 50.
5461:
4889:
4878:
4861:
4850:
4839:
4821:
4804:
4751:. A number of loanwords of
2940:Perso-Arabic-based alphabet
2781:only in few interjections,
1692:. There are no diphthongs.
1354:
1328:. It is closely related to
1193:, through the influence of
1052:, including Uyghur and the
898:
871:
742:Uyghur Human Rights Project
737:Uyghur American Association
682:Uyghurs outside of Xinjiang
58:
10:
11109:
7185:Yakup, Abdurishid (2005).
7090:Hahn, Reinhard F. (1991).
6986:Abdurehim, Esmael (2014).
6979:
6639:Xinjiang Normal University
6301:. I.B.Tauris. p. 23.
6278:Benjamin S. Levey (2006).
6201:, Elsevier, p. 1143,
5931:Brendemoen, Brett (1998),
4721:after the introduction of
4668:
4563:
4559:
3044:
2868:
2522:
2515:
2513:
2506:
2485:
2478:
2430:
2428:
2419:
2417:
2410:
2408:
2334:complementary distribution
1648:
1358:
1309:
1037:
1033:
925:Uyghur Perso-Arabic script
18:
11029:
10993:
10977:
10961:
10905:
10864:
10843:
10787:
10736:
10715:
10649:
10622:Southern (Shanghai) Sign
10607:
10536:
10480:
10284:
10222:
10175:
10132:
10094:
9979:
9901:
9892:
9824:
9787:
9674:
9665:
9577:
9573:
9562:
9503:
9405:
9287:
9213:
9060:
8942:
8754:
8745:
8697:
8649:
8638:
8634:
8621:
8614:
8594:
8501:
8449:
8442:
8426:
8360:
8328:
8303:
8278:
8237:
8184:
8154:
8138:
8131:
8115:
8094:
8085:
8010:
7979:
7951:
7933:
7888:
7833:
7771:
7731:
7722:
7684:
7646:
7625:
7616:
7591:
7582:
7562:
7472:
7401:Uighur romanization table
7343:China Radio International
7302:Uyghur–Chinese Dictionary
7292:Uyghur-English Dictionary
7225:Resources in your library
6749:. MIT Press. p. 78.
6746:Locality in Vowel Harmony
6626:– via ResearchGate.
6090:10.1017/S0021911812000629
5765:. Routledge. p. 75.
5730:10.1017/S0035869X00123640
5372:
5337:
5302:
5267:
5232:
5225:
5196:
5162:
5131:
5100:
5069:
5062:
4960:
4788:
4775:
4725:around the 10th century.
4547:
4531:
4507:
4491:
4465:
4449:
4393:
4349:
4341:
4333:
4325:
4323:
4314:
4309:
4301:
4285:
4277:
4275:
4266:
4261:
4241:
4225:
4217:
4215:
4198:
4193:
4177:
4169:
4167:
4158:
4153:
4143:
4127:
4079:
4029:
4005:
3989:
3963:
3947:
3923:
3907:
3881:
3865:
3841:
3825:
3775:
3727:
3683:
3675:
3673:
3664:
3659:
3651:
3635:
3627:
3625:
3616:
3611:
3583:
3575:
3573:
3564:
3559:
3551:
3535:
3527:
3525:
3516:
3511:
3501:
3485:
3461:
3445:
3419:
3403:
3379:
3363:
3337:
3321:
3297:
3281:
3255:
3239:
3191:
3133:
3109:
3093:
2672:
2670:
2641:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2613:
2579:
2439:
2437:
2426:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2325:
2309:
2005:
1951:
1894:
1876:
1869:
1864:
1862:
1772:
1742:
1737:
1696:occurs in some loanwords.
1655:
1634:provides news in Uyghur.
1452:
1148:
1104:Siberian Turkic languages
664:Xinjiang internment camps
567:Tianshan Snow Lotus Group
370:
358:
341:
324:
305:
286:
281:
271:
260:Official language in
258:
253:
221:
201:
175:
136:
126:
116:
94:
82:
67:
44:
39:
34:
7371:
7366:China Central Television
7360:26 December 2018 at the
7337:28 February 2019 at the
7320:
6604:10.1177/0009445516661885
6026:
5969:Baldick, Julian (2000).
5793:Coene, Frederik (2009).
5759:Coene, Frederik (2009).
5508:
2975:Uyghur Cyrillic alphabet
1473:in 1993, some 90,000 in
1351:(which is West Karluk).
542:The Girl from Dabancheng
132:8–13 million (2021)
19:Not to be confused with
11093:Vowel-harmony languages
11088:Languages of Kyrgyzstan
11083:Languages of Kazakhstan
11068:Agglutinative languages
10955:Languages of Uzbekistan
10837:Languages of Kyrgyzstan
10709:Languages of Kazakhstan
10619:Northern (Beijing) Sign
8304:Disputed classification
6475:Dwyer, Arienne (2005).
6462:10.3167/fcl.2011.600109
6257:. ABC-CLIO. p. 7.
6057:Badīʻī, Nādira (1997),
5424:
1706:has a back counterpart
1191:Middle Turkic languages
1169:w:tr:Edip Ahmet Yükneki
1140:Dīwān ul-Lughat al-Turk
1046:Middle Turkic languages
1018:, and more recently by
996:left-branching language
872:Uyghur tili, Uyƣur tili
532:Doppa Cultural Festival
8628:Sino-Tibetan languages
6298:The Age of the Seljuqs
4886:
4875:
4858:
4847:
4836:
4818:
4801:
4575:agglutinative language
3005:phonetic transcription
2966:Uyghur Arabic alphabet
2930:
2907:
2887:
2793:rarely initially, and
2749:from Persian less so.
2343:Uyghur has systematic
2316:'knowledge') and back
1566:autonomous prefectures
1380:
1326:Turkic language family
1185:w:tr:Atabetü'l-Hakayık
1100:Western Yugur language
972:Turkic language family
966:Uyghur belongs to the
881:[ʊjˈʁʊɾ.tɪ.lɪ]
796:This article contains
372:This article contains
61:Uyƣur tili, Uyğur tili
25:Western Yugur language
11037:Russian Sign Language
10913:Russian Sign Language
10795:Russian Sign Language
8063:Old Anatolian Turkish
7166:Tömür, Hamüt (2003).
2994:Uyghur Latin alphabet
2913:
2893:
2878:
2853:clusters by means of
2230:) environments, e.g.
2187:they are realised as
2128:'in/at (the) water'.
2104:), and post-alveolar
1607:since February 2020.
1385:mutually intelligible
1368:
1256:Tadhkirah i Khwajagan
959:also use Uyghur as a
747:World Uyghur Congress
238:(official in China),
7280:University of Kansas
7130:The Turkic Languages
7111:The Turkic Languages
6357:Endangered Languages
6150:Robert Shaw (1878).
5996:Kayumov, A. (2002),
5937:The Turkic languages
5862:Robert Shaw (1878).
1630:. Outside of China,
1626:serve as the Uyghur
1279:Pentaglot Dictionary
1078:Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk
908:[ʊj.ʁʊɾˈtʃɛ]
721:Uyghur organizations
669:Strike Hard Campaign
74:"Uyghur" written in
10662:NM = Inner Mongolia
7992:Chaharmahali Turkic
7147:Vaux, Bert (2001).
7031:on 22 October 2006.
6724:on 15 November 2020
6618:on 6 September 2021
6104:on 4 September 2015
6072:Thum, Rian (2012).
5668:Engesæth 2009, p. 7
5583:on 25 December 2018
4767:Xinjiang Television
4629:are conjugated for
4579:subject–object–verb
1639:Muyesser Abdul'ehed
1153:Türki Tillar Diwani
1149:تۈركى تىللار دىۋانى
1114:Robert Barkley Shaw
1069:Kara-Khanid Khanate
1000:subject–object–verb
76:Perso-Arabic script
11078:Languages of China
10994:Minority languages
10978:Regional languages
10865:Minority languages
10737:Minority languages
10716:Official languages
10199:Formosan languages
8420:Languages of China
7409:少数民族语地名汉语拼音字母音译转写法
6930:, pp. 394–395
6918:, pp. 589–590
6867:, pp. 381–382
6505:on 11 October 2017
5933:"Turkish Dialects"
5617:(eds.). "Uyghur".
5498:Languages of China
4719:Islamic literature
4585:are inflected for
2931:
2921:oasis city in the
2908:
2888:
2846:tends to simplify
2819:syllable structure
2809:do not alternate.
1637:Poet and activist
1552:are one of the 56
1481:in 1998, 3,000 in
1381:
1127:Mahmud al-Kashgari
1073:Mahmud al-Kashgari
1071:, as described by
992:grammatical gender
899:Uyghurche, Uyƣurqə
11045:
11044:
10962:Official language
10921:
10920:
10844:Official language
10803:
10802:
10675:
10674:
10218:
10217:
10214:
10213:
10210:
10209:
10203:
10195:
10187:
10090:
10089:
9820:
9819:
9558:
9557:
9554:
9553:
9283:
9282:
9279:
9278:
8610:
8609:
8386:
8385:
8370:extinct languages
8274:
8273:
8270:
8269:
8266:
8265:
8180:
8179:
8081:
8080:
8028:South Azerbaijani
8023:North Azerbaijani
7929:
7928:
7718:
7717:
7522:
7521:
7399:The full text of
7242:Linguistik Online
7211:Library resources
7139:978-0-415-08200-6
7120:978-0-415-08200-6
7101:978-0-295-98651-7
7075:978-1-936153-03-9
7047:978-0-8242-0970-4
7007:978-951-51-0384-0
6536:on 3 January 2019
6338:978-0-674-97046-5
6308:978-1-78076-947-9
6264:978-0-313-36540-9
6208:978-0-08-087774-7
6180:978-0-947593-38-4
6156:pp. 102–109.
6136:978-0-674-59855-3
6011:978-81-208-1596-4
5982:978-1-86064-431-3
5946:978-0-415-08200-6
5848:978-0-415-36686-1
5630:978-0-521-15255-6
5459:
5458:
5451:English original:
5405:
5404:
5125:doctor (medical)
4741:Mandarin language
4557:
4556:
2985:Uyghur New Script
2944:Cyrillic alphabet
2695:standard Uyghur.
2676:
2675:
2639:
2611:
2531:
2448:
2406:
2211:'also his arm'.
2124:'face; hundred',
2063:
2062:
1858:
1857:
1690:⟨ü⟩
1686:⟨u⟩
1682:⟨ö⟩
1678:⟨o⟩
1674:⟨i⟩
1670:⟨ë⟩
1666:⟨e⟩
1662:⟨a⟩
1378:
1291:James A. Millward
1219:standard versions
1207:literary language
1203:Chagatai language
1161:Yusuf Khass Hajib
1040:Chagatai language
953:official language
804:rendering support
784:
783:
491:Cyrillic alphabet
398:
397:
380:rendering support
376:phonetic symbols.
273:Regulated by
11100:
11058:Turkic languages
10948:
10941:
10934:
10925:
10924:
10830:
10823:
10816:
10807:
10806:
10702:
10695:
10688:
10679:
10678:
10631:
10201:
10193:
10185:
9899:
9898:
9672:
9671:
9575:
9574:
9564:
9563:
8752:
8751:
8647:
8646:
8636:
8635:
8623:
8622:
8619:
8618:
8447:
8446:
8434:Standard Chinese
8413:
8406:
8399:
8390:
8389:
8136:
8135:
8129:
8128:
8092:
8091:
7959:Khorasani Turkic
7949:
7948:
7729:
7728:
7623:
7622:
7589:
7588:
7556:Turkic languages
7549:
7542:
7535:
7526:
7525:
7459:
7452:
7445:
7436:
7435:
7431:
7425:
7424:
7417:
7411:
7410:
7398:
7308:
7259:
7257:
7200:
7181:
7162:
7160:
7153:
7143:
7124:
7105:
7086:
7085:on 1 April 2010.
7084:
7078:. Archived from
7063:
7051:
7032:
7030:
7023:
7011:
6999:
6974:
6967:
6961:
6960:
6958:
6942:
6931:
6925:
6919:
6913:
6907:
6901:
6892:
6891:, pp. 22–26
6886:
6880:
6879:, pp. 59–84
6874:
6868:
6862:
6856:
6855:, pp. 80–84
6850:
6844:
6843:, pp. 82–83
6838:
6832:
6831:, pp. 84–86
6826:
6820:
6814:
6808:
6802:
6796:
6791:
6785:
6779:
6773:
6767:
6761:
6760:
6740:
6734:
6733:
6731:
6729:
6720:. Archived from
6709:
6703:
6702:
6700:
6698:
6693:on 21 March 2020
6679:
6673:
6672:
6670:
6668:
6649:
6643:
6642:
6634:
6628:
6627:
6625:
6623:
6614:. Archived from
6583:
6577:
6576:
6574:
6572:
6563:. Archived from
6552:
6546:
6545:
6543:
6541:
6532:. Archived from
6521:
6515:
6514:
6512:
6510:
6504:
6498:. Archived from
6483:
6472:
6466:
6465:
6449:
6443:
6442:
6440:
6438:
6432:
6416:
6407:
6406:, pp. 12–13
6401:
6392:
6386:
6380:
6374:
6368:
6367:
6365:
6363:
6349:
6343:
6342:
6325:(4 April 2016).
6319:
6313:
6312:
6292:
6286:
6285:
6275:
6269:
6268:
6248:
6242:
6241:
6231:
6225:
6219:
6213:
6212:
6191:
6185:
6184:
6164:
6158:
6157:
6147:
6141:
6140:
6120:
6114:
6113:
6111:
6109:
6100:. Archived from
6069:
6063:
6062:
6054:
6048:
6047:
6045:
6043:
6038:on 15 April 2013
6021:
6015:
6014:
5993:
5987:
5986:
5966:
5957:
5956:
5955:
5953:
5928:
5922:
5921:
5893:
5887:
5886:
5876:
5870:
5869:
5859:
5853:
5852:
5832:
5823:
5822:, pp. 83–84
5817:
5811:
5810:
5790:
5784:
5783:
5781:
5779:
5756:
5750:
5749:
5713:
5707:
5706:
5686:
5680:
5675:
5669:
5666:
5660:
5659:
5657:
5655:
5641:
5635:
5634:
5599:
5593:
5592:
5590:
5588:
5579:. Archived from
5569:
5563:
5562:
5560:
5558:
5523:
5492:
5490:Languages portal
5487:
5486:
5478:
5473:
5472:
5471:
5429:
5428:
5419:
5418:
5398:
5393:
5392:
5391:
5375:
5374:
5363:
5358:
5357:
5356:
5340:
5339:
5328:
5323:
5322:
5321:
5305:
5304:
5293:
5288:
5287:
5286:
5270:
5269:
5261:agar-agar jelly
5258:
5253:
5252:
5251:
5235:
5234:
5218:
5213:
5212:
5211:
5199:
5198:
5184:
5179:
5178:
5177:
5165:
5164:
5153:
5148:
5147:
5146:
5134:
5133:
5122:
5117:
5116:
5115:
5103:
5102:
5091:
5086:
5085:
5084:
5072:
5071:
5055:
5050:
5049:
5048:
5036:
5035:
5034:
5022:
5017:
5016:
5005:
5004:
5003:
4991:
4986:
4985:
4984:
4972:
4971:
4970:
4928:
4927:
4908:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4871:
4867:
4832:
4828:
4814:
4810:
4795:
4790:
4778:
4777:
4763:Standard Chinese
4731:in Xinjiang and
4703:Turkic languages
4683:language contact
4537:
4535:
4527:
4497:
4495:
4487:
4455:
4453:
4445:
4437:
4399:
4397:
4389:
4331:
4329:
4321:
4283:
4281:
4273:
4223:
4221:
4213:
4205:
4175:
4173:
4165:
4133:
4131:
4123:
4085:
4083:
4075:
4035:
4033:
4025:
3995:
3993:
3985:
3953:
3951:
3943:
3913:
3911:
3903:
3871:
3869:
3861:
3831:
3829:
3821:
3781:
3779:
3771:
3733:
3731:
3723:
3681:
3679:
3671:
3633:
3631:
3623:
3581:
3579:
3571:
3533:
3531:
3523:
3491:
3489:
3481:
3451:
3449:
3441:
3409:
3407:
3399:
3369:
3367:
3359:
3327:
3325:
3317:
3287:
3285:
3277:
3245:
3243:
3235:
3197:
3195:
3187:
3179:
3139:
3137:
3129:
3099:
3097:
3089:
3014:
3013:
2936:Turkic languages
2885:Standard Chinese
2871:Uyghur alphabets
2841:
2837:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2705:
2701:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2668:
2659:
2650:
2635:
2622:
2607:
2602:
2593:
2586:
2577:
2570:
2563:
2556:
2548:
2539:
2527:
2520:
2511:
2504:
2497:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2469:
2462:
2455:
2444:
2435:
2424:
2415:
2402:
2359:
2358:
2350:
2339:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2229:
2221:
2194:
2186:
2170:
2162:
2151:'you (plural)',
2146:
2138:
2111:
2103:
2095:
2087:
2057:
2050:
1860:
1859:
1852:
1843:
1829:
1820:
1806:
1798:
1790:
1782:
1777:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1721:
1713:
1705:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1651:Uyghur phonology
1605:Google Translate
1562:Standard Chinese
1465:, mainly by the
1434:
1387:to some extent.
1370:
1342:extinct language
1324:) branch of the
1312:Turkic languages
1266:were written by
1260:Tārīkh-i amniyya
1209:used all across
1182:
1181:
1180:Hibet-ül hakayik
1176:
1175:
1174:Hibat al-ḥaqāyiq
1150:
1050:Karluk languages
1024:Mandarin Chinese
910:
905:
901:
895:
894:
889:
888:
883:
878:
874:
868:
867:
862:
861:
856:
855:
852:
851:
848:
843:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
792:
791:
776:
769:
762:
562:Qurtulush Yolida
400:
399:
363:
353:
336:
329:
319:
318:
310:
300:
299:
291:
232:Uyghur alphabets
227:
142:
90:
89:
72:
63:
55:
54:
49:
48:
32:
31:
11108:
11107:
11103:
11102:
11101:
11099:
11098:
11097:
11063:Uyghur language
11048:
11047:
11046:
11041:
11025:
10989:
10973:
10957:
10952:
10922:
10917:
10901:
10860:
10839:
10834:
10804:
10799:
10783:
10732:
10711:
10706:
10676:
10671:
10645:
10625:
10603:
10532:
10476:
10287:
10280:
10206:
10186:(Indo-European)
10171:
10128:
10086:
9975:
9888:
9816:
9783:
9661:
9569:
9568:Other languages
9550:
9499:
9430:Central Tibetan
9401:
9275:
9209:
9056:
8938:
8741:
8693:
8641:
8630:
8606:
8590:
8497:
8438:
8422:
8417:
8387:
8382:
8381:
8356:
8324:
8299:
8262:
8233:
8176:
8150:
8127:
8111:
8077:
8070:Ottoman Turkish
8006:
7975:
7947:
7925:
7884:
7842:Fergana Kipchak
7829:
7798:Karachay-Balkar
7767:
7714:
7680:
7642:
7612:
7578:
7558:
7553:
7523:
7518:
7468:
7466:Uyghur language
7463:
7429:
7415:
7391:
7374:
7362:Wayback Machine
7351:
7339:Wayback Machine
7323:
7306:
7288:
7271:
7266:
7255:10.1.1.692.7380
7236:
7235:
7234:
7219:
7218:
7216:Uyghur language
7214:
7207:
7205:Further reading
7197:
7178:
7158:
7151:
7140:
7121:
7102:
7082:
7076:
7061:
7048:
7028:
7021:
7008:
6982:
6977:
6968:
6964:
6943:
6934:
6926:
6922:
6914:
6910:
6902:
6895:
6887:
6883:
6875:
6871:
6863:
6859:
6851:
6847:
6839:
6835:
6827:
6823:
6815:
6811:
6803:
6799:
6792:
6788:
6780:
6776:
6768:
6764:
6757:
6741:
6737:
6727:
6725:
6710:
6706:
6696:
6694:
6681:
6680:
6676:
6666:
6664:
6663:on 4 April 2020
6651:
6650:
6646:
6635:
6631:
6621:
6619:
6584:
6580:
6570:
6568:
6553:
6549:
6539:
6537:
6522:
6518:
6508:
6506:
6502:
6496:
6481:
6473:
6469:
6450:
6446:
6436:
6434:
6433:on 16 July 2012
6417:
6410:
6402:
6395:
6387:
6383:
6375:
6371:
6361:
6359:
6351:
6350:
6346:
6339:
6320:
6316:
6309:
6293:
6289:
6276:
6272:
6265:
6249:
6245:
6232:
6228:
6220:
6216:
6209:
6192:
6188:
6181:
6165:
6161:
6148:
6144:
6137:
6121:
6117:
6107:
6105:
6070:
6066:
6055:
6051:
6041:
6039:
6032:Radio Free Asia
6028:
6023:
6022:
6018:
6012:
5994:
5990:
5983:
5967:
5960:
5951:
5949:
5947:
5929:
5925:
5894:
5890:
5877:
5873:
5860:
5856:
5849:
5833:
5826:
5818:
5814:
5807:
5791:
5787:
5777:
5775:
5773:
5757:
5753:
5714:
5710:
5703:
5687:
5683:
5676:
5672:
5667:
5663:
5653:
5651:
5643:
5642:
5638:
5631:
5600:
5596:
5586:
5584:
5571:
5570:
5566:
5556:
5554:
5524:
5515:
5511:
5506:
5488:
5481:
5474:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5422:Uyghur Arabic:
5410:
5387:
5352:
5317:
5296:bean curd/tofu
5282:
5247:
5221:television set
5207:
5173:
5142:
5111:
5080:
5044:
5030:
4999:
4980:
4966:
4923:
4910:
4884:
4873:
4856:
4845:
4834:
4816:
4671:
4568:
4562:
4530:
4490:
4448:
4392:
4324:
4276:
4216:
4168:
4126:
4078:
4028:
3988:
3946:
3906:
3864:
3824:
3774:
3726:
3674:
3626:
3574:
3526:
3484:
3444:
3402:
3362:
3320:
3280:
3238:
3190:
3132:
3092:
2948:Latin alphabets
2873:
2867:
2815:
2376:
2357:
2345:vowel reduction
2203:'his nation',
1778:
1697:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1658:
1653:
1647:
1632:Radio Free Asia
1455:
1447:Vowel reduction
1428:
1379:
1363:
1361:Uyghur dialects
1357:
1314:
1308:
1264:Tārīkh-i ḥamīdi
1177:(هبة الحقايق) (
1081:. According to
1065:Karluk language
1042:
1036:
1004:vowel reduction
961:common language
921:Turkic language
903:
876:
845:
827:
823:
813:
812:
811:
802:Without proper
793:
789:
780:
751:
723:
722:
717:
684:
683:
678:
674:Uyghur Tribunal
650:
649:
642:
584:
583:
576:
523:
522:
515:
486:Arabic alphabet
472:
471:
469:Uyghur language
457:List of Uyghurs
378:Without proper
366:
349:
332:
325:
314:
313:
306:
295:
294:
287:
261:
254:Official status
228:
223:
197:
178:
171:
143:
140:Language family
138:
129:
128:Native speakers
86:
78:
60:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
11106:
11096:
11095:
11090:
11085:
11080:
11075:
11070:
11065:
11060:
11043:
11042:
11040:
11039:
11033:
11031:
11030:Sign languages
11027:
11026:
11024:
11023:
11018:
11013:
11008:
11003:
10997:
10995:
10991:
10990:
10988:
10987:
10981:
10979:
10975:
10974:
10972:
10971:
10965:
10963:
10959:
10958:
10951:
10950:
10943:
10936:
10928:
10919:
10918:
10916:
10915:
10909:
10907:
10906:Sign languages
10903:
10902:
10900:
10899:
10894:
10889:
10884:
10879:
10874:
10868:
10866:
10862:
10861:
10859:
10858:
10853:
10847:
10845:
10841:
10840:
10833:
10832:
10825:
10818:
10810:
10801:
10800:
10798:
10797:
10791:
10789:
10788:Sign languages
10785:
10784:
10782:
10781:
10776:
10771:
10766:
10761:
10756:
10751:
10746:
10740:
10738:
10734:
10733:
10731:
10730:
10725:
10719:
10717:
10713:
10712:
10705:
10704:
10697:
10690:
10682:
10673:
10672:
10670:
10669:
10666:
10663:
10660:
10657:
10656:HK = Hong Kong
10654:
10650:
10647:
10646:
10644:
10643:
10636:
10635:
10634:
10633:
10632:
10627:Hong Kong Sign
10620:
10611:
10609:
10605:
10604:
10602:
10601:
10596:
10591:
10586:
10581:
10576:
10571:
10566:
10561:
10556:
10551:
10546:
10540:
10538:
10534:
10533:
10531:
10530:
10525:
10520:
10515:
10510:
10505:
10500:
10495:
10490:
10484:
10482:
10478:
10477:
10475:
10474:
10473:
10472:
10467:
10457:
10456:
10455:
10450:
10440:
10439:
10438:
10433:
10423:
10422:
10421:
10416:
10411:
10406:
10401:
10396:
10395:
10394:
10389:
10384:
10369:
10364:
10359:
10354:
10353:
10352:
10347:
10346:
10345:
10335:
10330:
10329:
10328:
10318:
10313:
10308:
10303:
10292:
10290:
10282:
10281:
10279:
10278:
10273:
10267:
10262:
10257:
10252:
10247:
10242:
10237:
10232:
10226:
10224:
10220:
10219:
10216:
10215:
10212:
10211:
10208:
10207:
10205:
10204:
10202:(Austronesian)
10196:
10194:(Austronesian)
10188:
10179:
10177:
10173:
10172:
10170:
10169:
10164:
10159:
10154:
10149:
10144:
10138:
10136:
10130:
10129:
10127:
10126:
10121:
10116:
10111:
10106:
10100:
10098:
10092:
10091:
10088:
10087:
10085:
10084:
10079:
10074:
10069:
10064:
10059:
10054:
10049:
10044:
10039:
10034:
10029:
10024:
10019:
10014:
10009:
10004:
9999:
9994:
9989:
9983:
9981:
9977:
9976:
9974:
9973:
9968:
9963:
9958:
9953:
9948:
9943:
9938:
9933:
9928:
9923:
9918:
9913:
9907:
9905:
9896:
9890:
9889:
9887:
9886:
9881:
9876:
9871:
9866:
9861:
9856:
9851:
9846:
9841:
9836:
9830:
9828:
9822:
9821:
9818:
9817:
9815:
9814:
9809:
9804:
9799:
9793:
9791:
9785:
9784:
9782:
9781:
9776:
9771:
9766:
9761:
9756:
9751:
9746:
9741:
9736:
9731:
9726:
9721:
9716:
9711:
9706:
9701:
9696:
9691:
9686:
9680:
9678:
9669:
9663:
9662:
9660:
9659:
9654:
9649:
9644:
9639:
9634:
9629:
9624:
9619:
9614:
9609:
9604:
9599:
9594:
9589:
9583:
9581:
9571:
9570:
9560:
9559:
9556:
9555:
9552:
9551:
9549:
9548:
9543:
9538:
9533:
9528:
9523:
9518:
9513:
9507:
9505:
9501:
9500:
9498:
9497:
9492:
9487:
9482:
9477:
9472:
9467:
9462:
9457:
9452:
9447:
9442:
9437:
9432:
9427:
9422:
9417:
9411:
9409:
9403:
9402:
9400:
9399:
9394:
9389:
9384:
9379:
9374:
9372:Southern Qiang
9369:
9367:Northern Qiang
9364:
9359:
9354:
9349:
9344:
9339:
9334:
9329:
9324:
9319:
9314:
9309:
9304:
9299:
9293:
9291:
9285:
9284:
9281:
9280:
9277:
9276:
9274:
9273:
9268:
9263:
9258:
9253:
9248:
9243:
9238:
9233:
9228:
9223:
9217:
9215:
9211:
9210:
9208:
9207:
9202:
9197:
9192:
9187:
9182:
9177:
9172:
9167:
9162:
9157:
9152:
9147:
9142:
9137:
9132:
9127:
9122:
9117:
9112:
9107:
9102:
9097:
9092:
9087:
9082:
9077:
9072:
9066:
9064:
9058:
9057:
9055:
9054:
9049:
9044:
9039:
9034:
9029:
9024:
9019:
9014:
9009:
9004:
8999:
8994:
8989:
8984:
8979:
8974:
8969:
8964:
8959:
8954:
8948:
8946:
8940:
8939:
8937:
8936:
8931:
8926:
8921:
8916:
8911:
8906:
8901:
8896:
8891:
8886:
8881:
8876:
8871:
8866:
8861:
8856:
8851:
8846:
8841:
8836:
8831:
8826:
8821:
8816:
8811:
8806:
8801:
8796:
8791:
8786:
8781:
8776:
8771:
8766:
8760:
8758:
8749:
8743:
8742:
8740:
8739:
8734:
8729:
8724:
8719:
8714:
8709:
8703:
8701:
8695:
8694:
8692:
8691:
8686:
8681:
8676:
8671:
8666:
8661:
8655:
8653:
8644:
8632:
8631:
8616:
8612:
8611:
8608:
8607:
8604:
8602:
8592:
8591:
8589:
8588:
8583:
8578:
8573:
8568:
8563:
8558:
8553:
8548:
8543:
8538:
8533:
8528:
8523:
8518:
8513:
8507:
8505:
8499:
8498:
8496:
8495:
8490:
8485:
8480:
8475:
8470:
8465:
8459:
8457:
8444:
8440:
8439:
8437:
8436:
8430:
8428:
8424:
8423:
8416:
8415:
8408:
8401:
8393:
8384:
8383:
8380:
8379:
8372:
8362:
8361:
8358:
8357:
8355:
8354:
8349:
8344:
8338:
8336:
8326:
8325:
8323:
8322:
8315:
8307:
8305:
8301:
8300:
8298:
8297:
8290:
8284:
8282:
8276:
8275:
8272:
8271:
8268:
8267:
8264:
8263:
8261:
8260:
8253:
8245:
8243:
8235:
8234:
8232:
8231:
8226:
8221:
8220:
8219:
8214:
8209:
8202:Northern Altai
8199:
8194:
8188:
8186:
8182:
8181:
8178:
8177:
8175:
8174:
8169:
8164:
8158:
8156:
8152:
8151:
8149:
8148:
8142:
8140:
8133:
8126:
8125:
8119:
8117:
8113:
8112:
8110:
8109:
8104:
8098:
8096:
8089:
8083:
8082:
8079:
8078:
8076:
8075:
8074:
8073:
8066:
8054:
8049:
8044:
8039:
8038:
8037:
8030:
8025:
8014:
8012:
8008:
8007:
8005:
8004:
7999:
7994:
7989:
7983:
7981:
7977:
7976:
7974:
7973:
7972:
7971:
7961:
7955:
7953:
7946:
7945:
7939:
7937:
7931:
7930:
7927:
7926:
7924:
7923:
7922:
7921:
7916:Siberian Tatar
7913:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7896:Dobrujan Tatar
7892:
7890:
7886:
7885:
7883:
7882:
7881:
7880:
7877:
7870:Siberian Tatar
7867:
7866:
7865:
7860:
7853:Southern Altai
7850:
7845:
7837:
7835:
7831:
7830:
7828:
7827:
7822:
7819:Mamluk-Kipchak
7815:
7810:
7805:
7800:
7795:
7788:
7783:
7780:Armeno-Kipchak
7775:
7773:
7769:
7768:
7766:
7765:
7764:
7763:
7756:
7751:
7741:
7735:
7733:
7726:
7720:
7719:
7716:
7715:
7713:
7712:
7705:
7698:
7690:
7688:
7682:
7681:
7679:
7678:
7673:
7668:
7667:
7666:
7661:
7650:
7648:
7644:
7643:
7641:
7640:
7638:Southern Uzbek
7635:
7633:Northern Uzbek
7629:
7627:
7620:
7614:
7613:
7611:
7610:
7605:
7597:
7595:
7586:
7580:
7579:
7577:
7576:
7568:
7566:
7564:Proto-language
7560:
7559:
7552:
7551:
7544:
7537:
7529:
7520:
7519:
7517:
7516:
7511:
7506:
7501:
7500:
7499:
7494:
7489:
7484:
7473:
7470:
7469:
7462:
7461:
7454:
7447:
7439:
7433:
7432:
7418:
7404:
7390:
7387:
7386:
7385:
7380:
7373:
7370:
7369:
7368:
7355:Uyghur edition
7350:
7347:
7346:
7345:
7332:Uyghur edition
7329:
7322:
7319:
7318:
7317:
7312:
7304:
7299:
7294:
7287:
7284:
7283:
7282:
7274:(free to use)
7270:
7267:
7265:
7264:External links
7262:
7261:
7260:
7233:
7232:
7227:
7221:
7220:
7209:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7202:
7201:
7195:
7182:
7176:
7163:
7144:
7138:
7125:
7119:
7106:
7100:
7087:
7074:
7052:
7046:
7033:
7012:
7006:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6975:
6962:
6932:
6920:
6908:
6906:, pp. 1–2
6893:
6881:
6869:
6857:
6845:
6833:
6821:
6809:
6807:, pp. 1–2
6797:
6786:
6774:
6762:
6755:
6735:
6704:
6674:
6644:
6629:
6598:(4): 306–323.
6578:
6567:on 5 July 2019
6547:
6516:
6494:
6467:
6444:
6408:
6393:
6381:
6369:
6344:
6337:
6314:
6307:
6287:
6270:
6263:
6243:
6226:
6214:
6207:
6186:
6179:
6159:
6142:
6135:
6115:
6064:
6049:
6016:
6010:
5988:
5981:
5958:
5945:
5923:
5910:10.2307/602165
5888:
5871:
5854:
5847:
5824:
5812:
5806:978-0203870716
5805:
5785:
5772:978-1135203023
5771:
5751:
5708:
5702:978-0520255609
5701:
5681:
5670:
5661:
5636:
5629:
5594:
5564:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5501:
5500:
5494:
5493:
5479:
5463:
5460:
5457:
5456:
5453:
5447:
5446:
5443:
5439:
5438:
5435:
5434:Uyghur Latin:
5431:
5430:
5423:
5409:
5406:
5403:
5402:
5399:
5394:
5382:
5380:
5368:
5367:
5364:
5359:
5347:
5345:
5333:
5332:
5329:
5324:
5312:
5310:
5298:
5297:
5294:
5289:
5277:
5275:
5263:
5262:
5259:
5254:
5242:
5240:
5229:
5223:
5222:
5219:
5214:
5202:
5200:
5192:
5191:
5185:
5180:
5168:
5166:
5158:
5157:
5154:
5149:
5137:
5135:
5127:
5126:
5123:
5118:
5106:
5104:
5096:
5095:
5092:
5087:
5075:
5073:
5066:
5060:
5059:
5056:
5051:
5039:
5037:
5027:
5026:
5023:
5018:
5008:
5006:
4996:
4995:
4992:
4987:
4975:
4973:
4964:
4958:
4957:
4952:
4945:
4942:
4935:
4932:
4890:ewet-elmi-dim.
4885:
4874:
4857:
4846:
4835:
4817:
4800:
4799:
4759:Code-switching
4743:spoken by the
4670:
4667:
4566:Uyghur grammar
4564:Main article:
4561:
4558:
4555:
4554:
4546:
4538:
4528:
4519:
4514:
4506:
4498:
4488:
4479:
4473:
4472:
4464:
4456:
4446:
4429:
4424:
4416:
4408:
4400:
4390:
4381:
4375:
4374:
4365:
4364:
4348:
4340:
4332:
4322:
4313:
4308:
4300:
4292:
4284:
4274:
4265:
4259:
4258:
4249:
4248:
4240:
4232:
4224:
4214:
4197:
4192:
4184:
4176:
4166:
4157:
4151:
4150:
4142:
4134:
4124:
4115:
4110:
4102:
4094:
4086:
4076:
4067:
4061:
4060:
4052:
4044:
4036:
4026:
4017:
4012:
4004:
3996:
3986:
3977:
3971:
3970:
3962:
3954:
3944:
3935:
3930:
3922:
3914:
3904:
3895:
3889:
3888:
3880:
3872:
3862:
3853:
3848:
3840:
3832:
3822:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3798:
3790:
3782:
3772:
3763:
3758:
3750:
3742:
3734:
3724:
3715:
3709:
3708:
3699:
3698:
3690:
3682:
3672:
3663:
3658:
3650:
3642:
3634:
3624:
3615:
3609:
3608:
3599:
3598:
3590:
3582:
3572:
3563:
3558:
3550:
3542:
3534:
3524:
3515:
3509:
3508:
3500:
3492:
3482:
3473:
3468:
3460:
3452:
3442:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3418:
3410:
3400:
3391:
3386:
3378:
3370:
3360:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3336:
3328:
3318:
3309:
3304:
3296:
3288:
3278:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3254:
3246:
3236:
3227:
3222:
3214:
3206:
3198:
3188:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3156:
3148:
3140:
3130:
3121:
3116:
3108:
3100:
3090:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3001:
3000:
2991:
2981:
2972:
2869:Main article:
2866:
2863:
2814:
2811:
2757:became Uyghur
2674:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2662:
2660:
2653:
2651:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2604:
2603:
2596:
2594:
2587:
2580:
2578:
2571:
2564:
2557:
2550:
2541:
2532:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2514:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2456:
2449:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2418:
2416:
2409:
2407:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2356:
2353:
2293:'he became',
2250:'convenient',
2061:
2060:
2058:
2053:
2051:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1955:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1846:
1844:
1837:
1831:
1830:
1823:
1821:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1800:
1791:
1784:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1657:
1654:
1649:Main article:
1646:
1643:
1568:, such as the
1535:United Kingdom
1454:
1451:
1441:
1440:
1415:
1402:
1369:
1359:Main article:
1356:
1353:
1310:Main article:
1307:
1306:Classification
1304:
1221:of Uyghur and
1133:in modern-day
1108:Robert Dankoff
1083:Gerard Clauson
1067:spoken by the
1054:Uzbek language
1038:Main article:
1035:
1032:
970:branch of the
794:
787:
786:
785:
782:
781:
779:
778:
771:
764:
756:
753:
752:
750:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
720:
719:
718:
716:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
681:
680:
679:
677:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
645:
644:
643:
641:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
581:Uyghur cuisine
579:
578:
577:
575:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
547:Lift Your Veil
544:
539:
534:
529:
520:Uyghur culture
518:
517:
516:
514:
513:
508:
503:
498:
496:Latin alphabet
493:
488:
483:
478:
467:
466:
465:
462:
461:
460:
459:
454:
449:
444:
439:
437:East Turkestan
434:
429:
424:
416:
415:
409:
408:
396:
395:
382:, you may see
368:
367:
364:
356:
355:
347:
339:
338:
337:Uighur, Uyghur
330:
322:
321:
320:Uighur, Uyghur
311:
303:
302:
301:Uighur, Uyghur
292:
284:
283:
282:Language codes
279:
278:
275:
269:
268:
262:
259:
256:
255:
251:
250:
229:
225:Writing system
222:
219:
218:
217:
216:
211:
208:
207:Central Uyghur
203:
199:
198:
196:
195:
194:
193:
192:Eastern Turki
181:
179:
176:
173:
172:
170:
169:
168:
167:
166:
165:
146:
144:
137:
134:
133:
130:
127:
124:
123:
118:
114:
113:
96:
95:Native to
92:
91:
84:
80:
79:
73:
65:
64:
42:
41:
37:
36:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11105:
11094:
11091:
11089:
11086:
11084:
11081:
11079:
11076:
11074:
11071:
11069:
11066:
11064:
11061:
11059:
11056:
11055:
11053:
11038:
11035:
11034:
11032:
11028:
11022:
11019:
11017:
11014:
11012:
11009:
11007:
11004:
11002:
10999:
10998:
10996:
10992:
10986:
10983:
10982:
10980:
10976:
10970:
10967:
10966:
10964:
10960:
10956:
10949:
10944:
10942:
10937:
10935:
10930:
10929:
10926:
10914:
10911:
10910:
10908:
10904:
10898:
10895:
10893:
10890:
10888:
10885:
10883:
10880:
10878:
10875:
10873:
10870:
10869:
10867:
10863:
10857:
10854:
10852:
10849:
10848:
10846:
10842:
10838:
10831:
10826:
10824:
10819:
10817:
10812:
10811:
10808:
10796:
10793:
10792:
10790:
10786:
10780:
10777:
10775:
10772:
10770:
10767:
10765:
10762:
10760:
10757:
10755:
10752:
10750:
10747:
10745:
10742:
10741:
10739:
10735:
10729:
10726:
10724:
10721:
10720:
10718:
10714:
10710:
10703:
10698:
10696:
10691:
10689:
10684:
10683:
10680:
10667:
10665:XJ = Xinjiang
10664:
10661:
10658:
10655:
10652:
10651:
10648:
10642:
10640:
10637:
10630:
10628:
10624:
10623:
10621:
10618:
10617:
10616:
10613:
10612:
10610:
10606:
10600:
10597:
10595:
10592:
10590:
10587:
10585:
10582:
10580:
10577:
10575:
10572:
10570:
10567:
10565:
10562:
10560:
10557:
10555:
10552:
10550:
10547:
10545:
10542:
10541:
10539:
10535:
10529:
10526:
10524:
10521:
10519:
10516:
10514:
10511:
10509:
10506:
10504:
10501:
10499:
10496:
10494:
10491:
10489:
10486:
10485:
10483:
10479:
10471:
10468:
10466:
10463:
10462:
10461:
10458:
10454:
10451:
10449:
10446:
10445:
10444:
10441:
10437:
10434:
10432:
10429:
10428:
10427:
10424:
10420:
10417:
10415:
10412:
10410:
10407:
10405:
10402:
10400:
10397:
10393:
10390:
10388:
10385:
10383:
10380:
10379:
10378:
10375:
10374:
10373:
10370:
10368:
10365:
10363:
10360:
10358:
10355:
10351:
10348:
10344:
10341:
10340:
10339:
10336:
10334:
10331:
10327:
10324:
10323:
10322:
10319:
10317:
10314:
10312:
10309:
10307:
10304:
10302:
10299:
10298:
10297:
10294:
10293:
10291:
10289:
10283:
10277:
10274:
10271:
10268:
10266:
10263:
10261:
10258:
10256:
10253:
10251:
10248:
10246:
10243:
10241:
10238:
10236:
10233:
10231:
10228:
10227:
10225:
10221:
10200:
10197:
10192:
10189:
10184:
10181:
10180:
10178:
10174:
10168:
10167:Western Yugur
10165:
10163:
10160:
10158:
10155:
10153:
10150:
10148:
10145:
10143:
10140:
10139:
10137:
10135:
10131:
10125:
10122:
10120:
10117:
10115:
10112:
10110:
10107:
10105:
10102:
10101:
10099:
10097:
10093:
10083:
10080:
10078:
10075:
10073:
10070:
10068:
10065:
10063:
10060:
10058:
10055:
10053:
10050:
10048:
10045:
10043:
10040:
10038:
10035:
10033:
10030:
10028:
10025:
10023:
10020:
10018:
10015:
10013:
10010:
10008:
10005:
10003:
10000:
9998:
9995:
9993:
9990:
9988:
9985:
9984:
9982:
9978:
9972:
9969:
9967:
9964:
9962:
9959:
9957:
9954:
9952:
9949:
9947:
9944:
9942:
9939:
9937:
9934:
9932:
9929:
9927:
9924:
9922:
9919:
9917:
9914:
9912:
9909:
9908:
9906:
9904:
9900:
9897:
9895:
9891:
9885:
9882:
9880:
9877:
9875:
9872:
9870:
9867:
9865:
9862:
9860:
9857:
9855:
9852:
9850:
9849:Eastern Yugur
9847:
9845:
9842:
9840:
9837:
9835:
9832:
9831:
9829:
9827:
9823:
9813:
9810:
9808:
9805:
9803:
9800:
9798:
9795:
9794:
9792:
9790:
9786:
9780:
9777:
9775:
9772:
9770:
9769:Small Flowery
9767:
9765:
9762:
9760:
9757:
9755:
9752:
9750:
9747:
9745:
9742:
9740:
9737:
9735:
9732:
9730:
9727:
9725:
9722:
9720:
9717:
9715:
9712:
9710:
9707:
9705:
9702:
9700:
9697:
9695:
9692:
9690:
9687:
9685:
9682:
9681:
9679:
9677:
9673:
9670:
9668:
9664:
9658:
9655:
9653:
9650:
9648:
9645:
9643:
9640:
9638:
9635:
9633:
9630:
9628:
9625:
9623:
9620:
9618:
9615:
9613:
9610:
9608:
9605:
9603:
9600:
9598:
9595:
9593:
9590:
9588:
9585:
9584:
9582:
9580:
9579:Austroasiatic
9576:
9572:
9565:
9561:
9547:
9544:
9542:
9539:
9537:
9534:
9532:
9529:
9527:
9524:
9522:
9519:
9517:
9514:
9512:
9509:
9508:
9506:
9502:
9496:
9493:
9491:
9488:
9486:
9483:
9481:
9478:
9476:
9473:
9471:
9468:
9466:
9463:
9461:
9458:
9456:
9453:
9451:
9448:
9446:
9443:
9441:
9438:
9436:
9433:
9431:
9428:
9426:
9423:
9421:
9418:
9416:
9413:
9412:
9410:
9408:
9404:
9398:
9395:
9393:
9390:
9388:
9385:
9383:
9380:
9378:
9375:
9373:
9370:
9368:
9365:
9363:
9360:
9358:
9355:
9353:
9350:
9348:
9345:
9343:
9340:
9338:
9335:
9333:
9330:
9328:
9325:
9323:
9320:
9318:
9315:
9313:
9310:
9308:
9305:
9303:
9300:
9298:
9295:
9294:
9292:
9290:
9286:
9272:
9269:
9267:
9264:
9262:
9259:
9257:
9254:
9252:
9249:
9247:
9244:
9242:
9239:
9237:
9234:
9232:
9229:
9227:
9224:
9222:
9219:
9218:
9216:
9212:
9206:
9203:
9201:
9198:
9196:
9193:
9191:
9188:
9186:
9183:
9181:
9178:
9176:
9173:
9171:
9168:
9166:
9163:
9161:
9158:
9156:
9153:
9151:
9148:
9146:
9143:
9141:
9138:
9136:
9133:
9131:
9128:
9126:
9123:
9121:
9118:
9116:
9113:
9111:
9108:
9106:
9103:
9101:
9098:
9096:
9093:
9091:
9088:
9086:
9083:
9081:
9078:
9076:
9073:
9071:
9068:
9067:
9065:
9063:
9059:
9053:
9050:
9048:
9045:
9043:
9040:
9038:
9035:
9033:
9030:
9028:
9025:
9023:
9020:
9018:
9015:
9013:
9010:
9008:
9005:
9003:
9000:
8998:
8995:
8993:
8990:
8988:
8985:
8983:
8980:
8978:
8975:
8973:
8970:
8968:
8965:
8963:
8960:
8958:
8955:
8953:
8950:
8949:
8947:
8945:
8941:
8935:
8932:
8930:
8927:
8925:
8922:
8920:
8917:
8915:
8912:
8910:
8907:
8905:
8902:
8900:
8897:
8895:
8892:
8890:
8887:
8885:
8882:
8880:
8877:
8875:
8872:
8870:
8867:
8865:
8862:
8860:
8857:
8855:
8852:
8850:
8847:
8845:
8842:
8840:
8837:
8835:
8832:
8830:
8827:
8825:
8822:
8820:
8817:
8815:
8812:
8810:
8807:
8805:
8802:
8800:
8797:
8795:
8792:
8790:
8787:
8785:
8782:
8780:
8777:
8775:
8772:
8770:
8767:
8765:
8762:
8761:
8759:
8757:
8753:
8750:
8748:
8744:
8738:
8735:
8733:
8730:
8728:
8725:
8723:
8720:
8718:
8715:
8713:
8710:
8708:
8705:
8704:
8702:
8700:
8696:
8690:
8687:
8685:
8682:
8680:
8677:
8675:
8672:
8670:
8667:
8665:
8662:
8660:
8657:
8656:
8654:
8652:
8648:
8645:
8643:
8637:
8633:
8629:
8624:
8620:
8617:
8613:
8603:
8601:
8597:
8593:
8587:
8584:
8582:
8579:
8577:
8574:
8572:
8569:
8567:
8564:
8562:
8559:
8557:
8554:
8552:
8549:
8547:
8544:
8542:
8539:
8537:
8534:
8532:
8529:
8527:
8524:
8522:
8519:
8517:
8514:
8512:
8509:
8508:
8506:
8504:
8500:
8494:
8491:
8489:
8486:
8484:
8481:
8479:
8476:
8474:
8471:
8469:
8466:
8464:
8461:
8460:
8458:
8456:
8452:
8448:
8445:
8441:
8435:
8432:
8431:
8429:
8425:
8421:
8414:
8409:
8407:
8402:
8400:
8395:
8394:
8391:
8377:
8373:
8371:
8367:
8364:
8363:
8359:
8353:
8350:
8348:
8345:
8343:
8340:
8339:
8337:
8335:
8331:
8327:
8321:
8320:
8316:
8314:
8313:
8309:
8308:
8306:
8302:
8296:
8295:
8291:
8289:
8286:
8285:
8283:
8281:
8277:
8259:
8258:
8257:Orkhon Turkic
8254:
8252:
8251:
8247:
8246:
8244:
8242:
8241:
8236:
8230:
8229:Western Yugur
8227:
8225:
8222:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8210:
8208:
8205:
8204:
8203:
8200:
8198:
8195:
8193:
8190:
8189:
8187:
8183:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8163:
8160:
8159:
8157:
8153:
8147:
8144:
8143:
8141:
8137:
8134:
8130:
8124:
8121:
8120:
8118:
8114:
8108:
8105:
8103:
8100:
8099:
8097:
8093:
8090:
8088:
8084:
8072:
8071:
8067:
8065:
8064:
8060:
8059:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8050:
8048:
8045:
8043:
8042:Balkan Gagauz
8040:
8036:
8035:
8031:
8029:
8026:
8024:
8021:
8020:
8019:
8016:
8015:
8013:
8009:
8003:
8000:
7998:
7995:
7993:
7990:
7988:
7985:
7984:
7982:
7978:
7970:
7967:
7966:
7965:
7962:
7960:
7957:
7956:
7954:
7950:
7944:
7941:
7940:
7938:
7936:
7932:
7919:
7918:
7917:
7914:
7912:
7909:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7893:
7891:
7887:
7878:
7876:
7873:
7872:
7871:
7868:
7864:
7861:
7859:
7856:
7855:
7854:
7851:
7849:
7846:
7844:
7843:
7839:
7838:
7836:
7832:
7826:
7823:
7821:
7820:
7816:
7814:
7811:
7809:
7806:
7804:
7801:
7799:
7796:
7794:
7793:
7789:
7787:
7786:Crimean Tatar
7784:
7782:
7781:
7777:
7776:
7774:
7770:
7762:
7761:
7757:
7755:
7752:
7750:
7747:
7746:
7745:
7742:
7740:
7737:
7736:
7734:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7721:
7711:
7710:
7706:
7704:
7703:
7699:
7697:
7696:
7692:
7691:
7689:
7687:
7683:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7669:
7665:
7662:
7660:
7657:
7656:
7655:
7652:
7651:
7649:
7645:
7639:
7636:
7634:
7631:
7630:
7628:
7624:
7621:
7619:
7615:
7609:
7606:
7604:
7603:
7599:
7598:
7596:
7594:
7590:
7587:
7585:
7584:Common Turkic
7581:
7575:
7574:
7570:
7569:
7567:
7565:
7561:
7557:
7550:
7545:
7543:
7538:
7536:
7531:
7530:
7527:
7515:
7512:
7510:
7507:
7505:
7502:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7485:
7483:
7480:
7479:
7478:
7475:
7474:
7471:
7467:
7460:
7455:
7453:
7448:
7446:
7441:
7440:
7437:
7428:
7419:
7414:
7405:
7402:
7397:
7393:
7392:
7389:Romanizations
7384:
7381:
7379:
7376:
7375:
7367:
7363:
7359:
7356:
7353:
7352:
7344:
7340:
7336:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7324:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7305:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7290:
7289:
7281:
7277:
7273:
7272:
7256:
7251:
7247:
7243:
7238:
7237:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7198:
7196:3-447-05233-3
7192:
7188:
7183:
7179:
7177:975-7981-20-6
7173:
7169:
7164:
7157:
7150:
7145:
7141:
7135:
7131:
7126:
7122:
7116:
7112:
7107:
7103:
7097:
7093:
7092:Spoken Uyghur
7088:
7081:
7077:
7071:
7067:
7060:
7059:
7053:
7049:
7043:
7039:
7034:
7027:
7020:
7019:
7013:
7009:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6989:
6984:
6983:
6972:
6966:
6957:
6952:
6948:
6941:
6939:
6937:
6929:
6924:
6917:
6912:
6905:
6900:
6898:
6890:
6885:
6878:
6873:
6866:
6861:
6854:
6849:
6842:
6837:
6830:
6825:
6818:
6813:
6806:
6801:
6795:
6790:
6783:
6778:
6772:, p. 380
6771:
6766:
6758:
6756:9780262140973
6752:
6748:
6747:
6739:
6723:
6719:
6715:
6708:
6692:
6688:
6684:
6678:
6662:
6658:
6654:
6648:
6640:
6633:
6617:
6613:
6609:
6605:
6601:
6597:
6593:
6589:
6582:
6566:
6562:
6558:
6551:
6535:
6531:
6527:
6520:
6501:
6497:
6495:1-932728-29-5
6491:
6487:
6480:
6479:
6471:
6463:
6459:
6455:
6448:
6431:
6426:
6422:
6415:
6413:
6405:
6400:
6398:
6390:
6385:
6378:
6373:
6358:
6354:
6348:
6340:
6334:
6330:
6329:
6328:Uyghur Nation
6324:
6323:Brophy, David
6318:
6310:
6304:
6300:
6299:
6291:
6283:
6282:
6274:
6266:
6260:
6256:
6255:
6247:
6239:
6238:
6230:
6224:, p. 379
6223:
6218:
6210:
6204:
6200:
6196:
6190:
6182:
6176:
6172:
6171:
6163:
6155:
6154:
6146:
6138:
6132:
6128:
6127:
6119:
6103:
6099:
6095:
6091:
6087:
6083:
6079:
6075:
6068:
6060:
6053:
6037:
6033:
6029:
6020:
6013:
6007:
6003:
5999:
5992:
5984:
5978:
5974:
5973:
5965:
5963:
5948:
5942:
5938:
5934:
5927:
5919:
5915:
5911:
5907:
5903:
5899:
5892:
5884:
5883:
5875:
5867:
5866:
5858:
5850:
5844:
5840:
5839:
5831:
5829:
5821:
5816:
5808:
5802:
5798:
5797:
5789:
5774:
5768:
5764:
5763:
5755:
5747:
5743:
5739:
5735:
5731:
5727:
5723:
5719:
5712:
5704:
5698:
5694:
5693:
5685:
5679:
5674:
5665:
5650:
5646:
5640:
5632:
5626:
5622:
5621:
5616:
5612:
5608:
5604:
5603:Jones, Daniel
5598:
5582:
5578:
5574:
5568:
5553:
5549:
5545:
5541:
5537:
5533:
5529:
5522:
5520:
5518:
5513:
5499:
5496:
5495:
5491:
5485:
5480:
5477:
5466:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5448:
5444:
5441:
5440:
5436:
5433:
5432:
5421:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5401:refrigerator
5400:
5395:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5379:
5370:
5369:
5365:
5360:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5344:
5335:
5334:
5330:
5325:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5309:
5300:
5299:
5295:
5290:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5274:
5265:
5264:
5260:
5255:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5239:
5230:
5228:
5224:
5220:
5215:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5194:
5193:
5189:
5186:
5181:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5160:
5159:
5155:
5150:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5129:
5128:
5124:
5119:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5098:
5097:
5093:
5088:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5067:
5065:
5061:
5057:
5052:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5029:
5028:
5024:
5019:
5012:
5009:
5007:
4998:
4997:
4993:
4988:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4965:
4963:
4959:
4956:
4953:
4950:
4946:
4943:
4940:
4936:
4933:
4930:
4929:
4926:
4922:
4919:
4916:
4913:
4909:
4891:
4888:
4887:ئەۋەتەلمىدىم.
4883:
4880:
4877:
4872:
4863:
4860:
4855:
4852:
4849:
4844:
4841:
4838:
4833:
4823:
4820:
4815:
4806:
4803:
4798:
4796:
4786:
4782:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4756:
4754:
4750:
4746:
4745:Dungan people
4742:
4738:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4724:
4720:
4716:
4712:
4708:
4704:
4700:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4666:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4652:
4648:
4644:
4640:
4636:
4632:
4628:
4624:
4620:
4616:
4612:
4608:
4604:
4600:
4596:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4580:
4576:
4573:
4567:
4553:
4550:
4545:
4542:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4525:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4505:
4502:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4485:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4471:
4468:
4463:
4460:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4443:
4435:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4387:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4376:
4373:
4370:
4367:
4366:
4362:
4359:
4355:
4352:
4347:
4344:
4339:
4336:
4328:
4319:
4312:
4307:
4304:
4299:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4280:
4271:
4264:
4260:
4257:
4254:
4251:
4250:
4247:
4244:
4239:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4220:
4211:
4203:
4196:
4191:
4188:
4183:
4180:
4172:
4163:
4156:
4152:
4149:
4146:
4141:
4138:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4121:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4073:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4059:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4023:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4003:
4000:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3983:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3969:
3966:
3961:
3958:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3941:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3921:
3918:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3901:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3887:
3884:
3879:
3876:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3859:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3819:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3805:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3769:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3721:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3707:
3704:
3701:
3700:
3697:
3694:
3689:
3686:
3678:
3669:
3662:
3657:
3654:
3649:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3630:
3621:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3597:
3594:
3589:
3586:
3578:
3569:
3562:
3557:
3554:
3549:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3530:
3521:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3499:
3496:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3479:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3439:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3425:
3422:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3397:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3357:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3315:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3275:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3253:
3250:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3233:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3185:
3177:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3127:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3087:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3006:
2999:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2980:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2942:, although a
2941:
2937:
2928:
2927:Arabic script
2924:
2920:
2916:
2915:Internet café
2912:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2892:
2886:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2849:
2845:
2834:, except for
2833:
2829:
2825:
2820:
2810:
2735:
2709:
2708:vowel harmony
2696:
2667:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2645:
2643:
2638:
2634:
2633:
2621:
2617:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2588:
2585:
2581:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2565:
2562:
2558:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2542:
2538:
2533:
2530:
2526:
2525:
2519:
2510:
2503:
2499:
2496:
2492:
2489:
2482:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2464:
2461:
2457:
2454:
2450:
2447:
2443:
2442:
2434:
2423:
2414:
2405:
2401:
2400:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2378:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2360:
2352:
2346:
2341:
2335:
2321:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2225:
2217:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2192:
2184:
2178:
2174:
2168:
2160:
2154:
2150:
2144:
2136:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2107:
2099:
2091:
2083:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2059:
2054:
2052:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1867:
1861:
1854:
1851:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1776:
1770:
1767:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1719:
1711:
1703:
1695:
1652:
1642:
1640:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1606:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1560:, along with
1559:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1544:
1543:New York City
1540:
1539:United States
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1485:and 1,000 in
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1467:Uyghur people
1464:
1463:Western China
1460:
1450:
1448:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1427:
1424:northward to
1423:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:southward to
1397:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1377:
1374:
1367:
1362:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1318:Karluk Turkic
1313:
1303:
1301:
1296:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1186:
1170:
1166:
1165:Kutadgu Bilig
1162:
1158:
1154:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1120:
1115:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1087:Western Yugur
1084:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1041:
1031:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
984:agglutination
981:
980:vowel harmony
977:
973:
969:
964:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
937:Western China
934:
930:
929:Uyghur people
926:
923:written in a
922:
918:
917:Eastern Turki
914:
909:
900:
882:
873:
854:
821:
817:
809:
808:Uyghur script
805:
801:
799:
777:
772:
770:
765:
763:
758:
757:
755:
754:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
724:
714:
713:United States
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
685:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
651:
648:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
585:
582:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
524:
521:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
473:
470:
464:
463:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
419:
418:
417:
414:
411:
410:
406:
402:
401:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
375:
369:
362:
357:
354: Uighur
352:
348:
346:
345:
340:
335:
331:
328:
323:
317:
312:
309:
304:
298:
293:
290:
285:
280:
276:
274:
270:
266:
263:
257:
252:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
230:
226:
220:
215:
212:
209:
206:
205:
204:
200:
191:
190:
189:
186:
185:
184:
180:
174:
164:
161:
160:
159:
156:
155:
154:
153:Common Turkic
151:
150:
149:
145:
141:
135:
131:
125:
122:
119:
115:
112:
108:
104:
100:
97:
93:
85:
83:Pronunciation
81:
77:
71:
66:
62:
43:
38:
33:
30:
26:
22:
11020:
10891:
10773:
10653:GX = Guangxi
10641:
10639:Tibetan Sign
10629:
10615:Chinese Sign
10481:Creole/Mixed
10350:Southeastern
10338:Southwestern
10301:Northeastern
10286:Varieties of
8487:
8365:
8318:
8311:
8293:
8256:
8249:
8238:
8069:
8062:
8033:
7920:Tobol-Irtysh
7841:
7818:
7791:
7779:
7759:
7754:Mishar Tatar
7708:
7701:
7694:
7685:
7653:
7601:
7573:Proto-Turkic
7572:
7465:
7430:(in Chinese)
7416:(in Chinese)
7307:(in Chinese)
7286:Dictionaries
7245:
7241:
7215:
7186:
7167:
7156:the original
7129:
7110:
7091:
7080:the original
7057:
7037:
7026:the original
7017:
6997:10138/136392
6987:
6970:
6965:
6946:
6923:
6911:
6884:
6872:
6860:
6848:
6836:
6824:
6819:, p. 89
6812:
6800:
6789:
6784:, p. 34
6777:
6765:
6745:
6738:
6726:. Retrieved
6722:the original
6717:
6707:
6695:. Retrieved
6691:the original
6686:
6677:
6665:. Retrieved
6661:the original
6656:
6647:
6638:
6632:
6620:. Retrieved
6616:the original
6595:
6592:China Report
6591:
6581:
6569:. Retrieved
6565:the original
6560:
6550:
6538:. Retrieved
6534:the original
6529:
6519:
6507:. Retrieved
6500:the original
6477:
6470:
6453:
6447:
6435:. Retrieved
6430:the original
6424:
6391:, p. 53
6384:
6372:
6360:. Retrieved
6356:
6347:
6327:
6317:
6297:
6290:
6280:
6273:
6253:
6246:
6236:
6229:
6217:
6198:
6195:Brown, Keith
6189:
6169:
6162:
6152:
6145:
6125:
6118:
6108:29 September
6106:. Retrieved
6102:the original
6081:
6077:
6067:
6058:
6052:
6040:. Retrieved
6036:the original
6031:
6019:
6001:
5991:
5971:
5950:, retrieved
5936:
5926:
5901:
5897:
5891:
5881:
5874:
5864:
5857:
5837:
5815:
5795:
5788:
5776:. Retrieved
5761:
5754:
5721:
5717:
5711:
5691:
5684:
5673:
5664:
5652:. Retrieved
5648:
5639:
5618:
5615:Esling, John
5611:Setter, Jane
5607:Roach, Peter
5597:
5585:. Retrieved
5581:the original
5576:
5567:
5555:. Retrieved
5535:
5531:
5476:China portal
5450:
5411:
5384:
5377:
5349:
5342:
5314:
5307:
5279:
5272:
5244:
5237:
5204:
5170:
5139:
5108:
5077:
5041:
5010:
4977:
4944:Uyghur word
4934:Source word
4924:
4920:
4917:
4914:
4911:
4892:
4882:text.message
4881:
4864:
4853:
4842:
4824:
4807:
4792:
4784:
4780:
4770:
4757:
4749:Central Asia
4727:
4672:
4599:definiteness
4581:word order.
4569:
4516:
4476:
4426:
4378:
4310:
4262:
4194:
4154:
4112:
4064:
4014:
3974:
3932:
3892:
3850:
3810:
3760:
3712:
3660:
3612:
3560:
3512:
3470:
3430:
3388:
3348:
3306:
3266:
3224:
3168:
3118:
3078:
3002:
2997:
2988:
2978:
2969:
2960:
2932:
2817:The primary
2816:
2813:Phonotactics
2736:
2697:
2677:
2342:
2303:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2284:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2213:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2176:
2172:
2152:
2148:
2130:
2125:
2121:
2120:'southern',
2117:
2113:
2079:
2071:assimilation
2064:
1659:
1636:
1609:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1547:
1519:Saudi Arabia
1456:
1445:
1442:
1417:
1411:eastward to
1404:
1391:
1382:
1321:
1315:
1299:
1286:Sergey Malov
1283:
1275:Qing dynasty
1272:
1268:Musa Sayrami
1263:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1241:
1235:
1211:Central Asia
1189:
1171:) wrote the
1152:
1144:
1138:
1124:
1112:
1106:in Siberia.
1076:
1058:
1043:
1028:
988:noun classes
965:
916:
819:
815:
814:
795:
654:China Cables
468:
371:
342:
236:Perso-Arabic
162:
59:Uyghur tili,
29:
10882:Sart Kalmyk
10147:Fuyu Kyrgyz
9946:Tai Hongjin
9632:Muak Sa-aak
8192:Fuyu Kyrgyz
8034:Ajem-Turkic
8018:Azerbaijani
7327:TRT: Uyghur
7248:: 111–124.
6687:Google Blog
6456:(60): 112.
6379:, p. 8
6042:15 February
5724:(1/2): 57.
5654:30 December
5408:Sample text
5217:/televizor/
4947:Uyghur (in
4937:Source (in
2865:Orthography
2637:Approximant
2278:'assault',
2270:'partner',
2226:(glottal) (
2220:/q/,/ʁ/,/χ/
1620:TV channels
1483:Afghanistan
1437:Lop dialect
1429: [
994:, and is a
860:ئۇيغۇر تىلى
798:Uyghur text
447:Nationalism
386:instead of
177:Early forms
47:ئۇيغۇر تىلى
11052:Categories
10985:Karakalpak
10668:XZ = Tibet
10659:MC = Macau
10599:Zhangzhung
10343:Sichuanese
10270:Vietnamese
9667:Hmong-Mien
9546:Waxianghua
9327:Khroskyabs
8615:Indigenous
8503:Prefecture
8478:Portuguese
8250:Old Uyghur
8052:Karapapakh
7901:Karakalpak
7709:Karakhanid
7702:Khorezmian
7349:Television
6956:1808/11705
6728:9 November
6509:4 February
6486:Washington
6404:Dwyer 2005
6377:Yakup 2005
6084:(3): 632.
5868:p. 2.
5649:Ethnologue
5577:Ethnologue
5557:4 November
5538:(3): 186.
5504:References
5331:secretary
5090:/welsipit/
5015: گۆش
4843:shut.down,
4825:cellphone-
4659:continuous
4607:accusative
4603:nominative
4593:, but not
4572:head-final
4356:(formerly
2956:diacritics
2894:A sign in
2859:epenthesis
2799:*/t͡ʃ,d͡ʒ/
2355:Consonants
2301:'narrow'.
2297:'lesson',
2262:'number',
2238:'yogurt',
2175:'tongue',
2163:or before
2106:affricates
1624:publishers
1612:newspapers
1527:Tajikistan
1479:Uzbekistan
1475:Kyrgyzstan
1471:Kazakhstan
1215:extinction
1163:wrote the
1147:; Uyghur:
1143:(English:
1119:Sven Hedin
1061:Old Uyghur
949:Uzbekistan
945:Kyrgyzstan
941:Kazakhstan
866:Уйғур тили
698:Kyrgyzstan
693:Kazakhstan
633:Tandyr nan
537:Etles silk
506:New Script
452:Literature
248:New Script
183:Karakhanid
111:Tajikistan
107:Kyrgyzstan
103:Kazakhstan
53:Уйғур тили
21:Old Uyghur
10877:Koryo-mar
10769:Ukrainian
10579:Tocharian
10513:Qoqmončaq
10465:Cantonese
10419:Shaojiang
10392:Hainanese
10321:Zhongyuan
10316:Jiao-Liao
10250:Esperanto
10152:Ili Turki
9859:Khamnigan
9724:Kiong Nai
9495:Zitsadegu
8473:Mongolian
8463:Cantonese
8376:varieties
8368:indicate
8352:Qoqmončaq
7760:Old Tatar
7671:Ili Turki
7514:Phonology
7477:Alphabets
7423:维吾尔文拉丁化方案
7278:from the
7269:Textbooks
7250:CiteSeerX
6928:Hahn 1998
6916:Hahn 1991
6889:Hahn 1991
6877:Hahn 1991
6865:Hahn 1998
6853:Hahn 1991
6841:Hahn 1991
6829:Hahn 1991
6817:Hahn 1991
6805:Vaux 2001
6794:Vaux 2001
6782:Hahn 1991
6770:Hahn 1998
6657:The Verge
6622:10 August
6612:157480863
6540:3 January
6389:Hahn 1991
6362:10 August
6222:Hahn 1998
6098:162917965
5820:Hahn 1998
5746:163362680
5552:225676857
5385:bingshang
5378:bīngxiāng
5210:تېلېۋىزور
5205:tëlëwizor
5197:телевизор
5190:, region
5070:велосипед
4822:telfon-im
4819:تەلەفونىم
4687:loanwords
4673:The core
4647:causative
2851:consonant
2844:phonology
2529:Fricative
2289:'look!',
2266:'hunch',
2258:'mouth',
2254:'blood',
2242:'paper',
2224:laryngeal
2082:alveolars
2075:devoicing
1760:Unrounded
1753:Unrounded
1645:Phonology
1616:magazines
1610:About 80
1511:Indonesia
1495:Australia
1338:Ili Turki
1247:Altishahr
1238:Altishahr
1231:loanwords
1151:,
1122:Uigurs".
1008:umlauting
572:Uyghurlar
511:Phonology
476:Alphabets
344:Glottolog
327:ISO 639-3
308:ISO 639-2
289:ISO 639-1
117:Ethnicity
10523:Tangwang
10503:Macanese
10498:Lingling
10431:Northern
10414:Northern
10377:Southern
10296:Mandarin
10223:Minority
10183:Sarikoli
10096:Tungusic
10057:Naxi Yao
10002:Cao Miao
9926:Ningming
9826:Mongolic
9802:Dzao Min
9797:Biao Min
9754:Qo Xiong
9749:Pingtang
9445:Dongwang
9387:Tshobdun
9312:Guiqiong
8914:Sangkong
8689:Muangphe
8651:Mondzish
8605:numerous
8596:Counties
8443:Regional
8427:Official
8319:Pecheneg
8116:Southern
8095:Northern
8087:Siberian
7980:Southern
7969:Trukhmen
7863:Telengit
7808:Krymchak
7749:Nagaibak
7695:Chagatai
7504:Dialects
7497:Cyrillic
7358:Archived
7335:Archived
7066:Lawrence
6697:30 March
6667:30 March
6561:BBC News
6530:SupChina
6421:"Uyghur"
5778:10 March
5738:25202808
5645:"Uyghur"
5605:(2011).
5462:See also
5397:/biŋʃɑŋ/
5362:/d͡ʒozɑ/
5327:/ʃud͡ʒi/
5257:/lɛmpuŋ/
5238:liángfěn
5183:/oblɑst/
5121:/doχtur/
5094:bicycle
5083:ۋېلسىپىت
5078:wëlsipit
4879:duenshin
4876:دۇئەنشىن
4837:گۇئەنجى،
4781:apel'sin
4776:апельсин
4701:are all
4699:Chagatai
4623:genitive
4619:ablative
4615:locative
2946:and two
2881:Bingtuan
2848:phonemic
2824:sonorant
2726:→ , and
2710:, where
2377:alveolar
2328:
2312:
2282:'ring'.
2246:'sand',
2234:'girl',
2199:'gram',
2116:'lamp',
2112:), e.g.
2102:t̪,d̪,n̪
2090:palatals
1763:Rounded
1622:and ten
1590:Russians
1572:and the
1537:and the
1515:Pakistan
1487:Mongolia
1422:Qarkilik
1413:Qarkilik
1405:Southern
1355:Dialects
1345:Chagatay
1135:Xinjiang
1094:and the
986:, lacks
887:ئۇيغۇرچە
703:Pakistan
603:Joshpara
593:Cut cake
527:Dervishi
481:Dialects
432:Xinjiang
422:Timeline
405:a series
403:Part of
392:Help:IPA
351:uigh1240
265:Xinjiang
240:Cyrillic
202:Dialects
188:Chagatai
11011:Russian
10856:Russian
10764:Turkish
10728:Russian
10594:Xianbei
10589:Tuyuhun
10559:Old Yue
10537:Extinct
10518:Sanqiao
10409:Central
10399:Eastern
10382:Hokkien
10326:Lan-Yin
10306:Beijing
10288:Chinese
10245:Russian
10007:Chadong
9987:Ai-Cham
9956:Tai Nüa
9941:Tai Dón
9936:Tai Dam
9894:Kra-Dai
9864:Monguor
9854:Kangjia
9812:Kim Mun
9807:Iu Mien
9729:Luobohe
9719:Huishui
9699:Guiyang
9676:Hmongic
9637:Palaung
9627:Man Met
9531:Longjia
9480:Ladakhi
9475:Kyirong
9465:Khalong
9450:Drugchu
9407:Tibetic
9377:Shixing
9289:Qiangic
9070:Alingpo
9062:Nisoish
9047:Yangliu
9042:Xuzhang
8972:Laizisi
8967:Kuamasi
8962:Kua-nsi
8944:Lisoish
8924:Tsukong
8864:Laomian
8789:Baihong
8756:Hanoish
8747:Loloish
8732:Lhao Vo
8727:Chashan
8712:Xiandao
8699:Burmish
8642:Burmese
8600:Banners
8556:Tai Nüa
8483:Tibetan
8468:English
8366:Italics
8334:pidgins
8330:Creoles
8288:Chuvash
8212:Chelkan
8207:Kumandy
8185:Yenisei
8057:Turkish
8011:Western
8002:Sonqori
7997:Qashqai
7987:Afshari
7964:Turkmen
7952:Eastern
7739:Bashkir
7724:Kipchak
7647:Eastern
7626:Western
7509:Grammar
6980:General
6437:6 April
5952:8 March
5573:"China"
5245:lempung
5227:Chinese
5176:ئوبلاست
5163:область
5152:/pojiz/
5064:Russian
5054:/sɑʔɛt/
4990:/ɛpsus/
4962:Persian
4955:English
4931:Origin
4840:guenji,
4805:Më-ning
4771:aplisin
4733:Russian
4729:Chinese
4711:Persian
4675:lexicon
4669:Lexicon
4651:passive
4635:present
4577:with a
4560:Grammar
4536:
4496:
4454:
4398:
4330:
4282:
4222:
4174:
4132:
4084:
4034:
3994:
3952:
3912:
3870:
3830:
3780:
3732:
3680:
3632:
3580:
3532:
3490:
3450:
3408:
3368:
3326:
3286:
3244:
3196:
3138:
3098:
3045:
3007:in the
2952:Kurdish
2855:elision
2396:Glottal
2381:Palatal
2330:/tɯlɯm/
2324:(e.g.,
2314:/bɪlɪm/
2308:(e.g.,
2274:'wet',
2228:/ɦ/,/ʔ/
2195:, e.g.
2171:, e.g.
2118:jenubiy
2110:t͡ʃ,d͡ʒ
2098:dentals
2086:s,z,r,l
1970:ئو / و
1914:ئۇ / ۇ
1757:Rounded
1570:Kazakhs
1550:Uyghurs
1507:Germany
1499:Belgium
1491:Albania
1426:Qongköl
1418:Eastern
1400:Yarkand
1392:Central
1295:Qarluks
1227:Persian
1157:shamans
1131:Kashgar
1075:in the
1034:History
1020:Russian
1016:Persian
931:in the
919:) is a
893:Уйғурчә
688:Beijing
638:Youtazi
608:Laghman
598:Dapanji
552:Meshrep
501:Grammar
427:History
413:Uyghurs
388:Unicode
267:(China)
121:Uyghurs
11021:Uyghur
11001:Kazakh
10892:Uyghur
10872:Dungan
10851:Kyrgyz
10774:Uyghur
10754:Tajiki
10749:German
10744:Dungan
10723:Kazakh
10574:Tangut
10564:Rouran
10554:Khitan
10544:Ba–Shu
10508:Maojia
10493:Hezhou
10404:Puxian
10387:Teoswa
10272:(Kinh)
10240:Kyrgyz
10235:Korean
10230:Kazakh
10134:Turkic
10119:Oroqen
10109:Manchu
10104:Evenki
10072:Qabiao
10062:Ong Be
10047:Maonan
10037:Lakkja
10027:Jiamao
9997:Buyang
9961:Tai Ya
9951:Tai Lü
9911:Bouyei
9903:Zhuang
9884:Torgut
9839:Buryat
9789:Mienic
9779:Younuo
9759:Raojia
9739:Pa-Hng
9734:Mashan
9704:Hm Nai
9689:Bu-Nao
9684:A-Hmao
9607:Bumang
9526:Jingpo
9521:Derung
9516:Caijia
9490:Zhongu
9460:Gserpa
9352:Namuyi
9322:Japhug
9271:Zauzou
9246:Namuyi
9231:Kucong
9205:Zokhuo
9200:Thopho
9180:Phupha
9165:Phukha
9110:Khlula
9052:Zibusi
9037:Toloza
9032:Sonaga
9017:Mangdi
9012:Lolopo
8957:Hlersu
8894:Phana’
8889:Nuomei
8869:Laopin
8804:Bukong
8779:Angluo
8707:Achang
8684:Mondzi
8586:Zhuang
8561:Tai Lü
8551:Kazakh
8546:Kyrgyz
8531:Korean
8521:Bouyei
8493:Zhuang
8488:Uyghur
8347:Kurbet
8342:Hezhou
8312:Khazar
8294:Bulgar
8197:Khakas
8162:Dukhan
8139:Steppe
8123:Chulym
8102:Dolgan
8047:Gagauz
7906:Kazakh
7875:Baraba
7858:Teleut
7848:Kyrgyz
7834:Kyrgyz
7803:Karaim
7732:Bulgar
7659:Khoton
7654:Uyghur
7618:Karluk
7608:Khalaj
7482:Arabic
7252:
7213:about
7193:
7174:
7136:
7117:
7098:
7072:
7044:
7004:
6753:
6610:
6571:5 July
6492:
6335:
6305:
6261:
6205:
6177:
6133:
6096:
6008:
5979:
5943:
5918:602165
5916:
5845:
5803:
5769:
5744:
5736:
5699:
5627:
5587:3 June
5550:
5390:بىڭشاڭ
5366:table
5343:zhuōzi
5292:/dufu/
5250:لەڭپۇڭ
5188:oblast
5171:oblast
5156:train
5114:دوختۇر
5109:doxtur
5101:доктор
4983:ئەپسۇس
4862:siz-ge
4851:shunga
4753:German
4737:Dungan
4707:Arabic
4691:Kazakh
4679:Turkic
4655:aspect
4611:dative
4595:gender
4587:number
2919:Khotan
2904:Pinyin
2896:Ghulja
2807:*/s,z/
2805:, and
2803:*/ʃ,ʒ/
2789:, and
2690:, and
2391:Uvular
2370:Dental
2365:Labial
2268:hemrah
2240:qeghez
2222:) and
2216:uvular
2209:qolimu
2177:xizmet
2114:chiraq
2021:ئا / ا
2016:ئە / ە
2012:Arabic
1965:ئۆ / ۆ
1962:ئې / ې
1958:Arabic
1911:ئى / ى
1908:ئۈ / ۈ
1905:ئى / ى
1901:Arabic
1694:Hiatus
1656:Vowels
1582:Tajiks
1574:Kyrgyz
1531:Turkey
1523:Sweden
1503:Canada
1453:Status
1435:. The
1373:UNESCO
1340:, the
1322:Qarluq
1217:, the
1199:Arabic
1098:. The
1012:Arabic
968:Karluk
947:, and
820:Uighur
816:Uyghur
708:Turkey
628:Sangza
588:Chorba
214:Lopnor
210:Khotan
163:Uyghur
158:Karluk
148:Turkic
40:Uighur
35:Uyghur
11016:Tajik
11006:Parya
10969:Uzbek
10897:Uzbek
10887:Tajik
10779:Uzbek
10759:Tatar
10584:Tuoba
10528:Wutun
10443:Xiang
10436:Auish
10362:Hakka
10311:Ji-Lu
10276:Wakhi
10265:Uzbek
10260:Tuvan
10255:Tatar
10176:Other
10162:Salar
10114:Nanai
10052:Mulam
10017:Gelao
9980:Other
9879:Santa
9874:Ordos
9869:Oirat
9834:Bonan
9774:Xixiu
9744:Pa Na
9709:Hmong
9694:Gejia
9642:Riang
9602:Bugan
9597:Bolyu
9592:Blang
9541:Tujia
9504:Other
9485:Tseku
9470:Khams
9455:Groma
9435:Choni
9425:Basum
9420:Baima
9397:Zhaba
9317:Horpa
9302:Choyo
9297:Baima
9266:Sanie
9241:Naruo
9226:Katso
9221:Gokhy
9214:Other
9190:Samei
9185:Phuza
9175:Phupa
9170:Phuma
9160:Phowa
9155:Phola
9150:Phala
9145:Nuosu
9100:Bokha
9075:Alugu
9022:Micha
8934:Yiche
8919:Suobi
8884:Nuobi
8854:Kaduo
8849:Kabie
8829:Habei
8819:Duota
8814:Duoni
8809:Cosao
8737:Zaiwa
8722:Lashi
8674:Mango
8669:Manga
8664:Maang
8659:Kathu
8640:Lolo-
8566:Zaiwa
8536:Qiang
8526:Tujia
8511:Hmong
8280:Oghur
8172:Soyot
8155:Taiga
8146:Tuvan
8132:Sayan
8107:Yakut
7943:Salar
7935:Oghuz
7911:Nogai
7889:Nogai
7813:Kumyk
7792:Cuman
7772:Cuman
7744:Tatar
7487:Latin
7372:Fonts
7321:Radio
7159:(PDF)
7152:(PDF)
7083:(PDF)
7062:(PDF)
7029:(PDF)
7022:(PDF)
6973:2016.
6608:S2CID
6503:(PDF)
6482:(PDF)
6094:S2CID
5914:JSTOR
5742:S2CID
5734:JSTOR
5548:S2CID
5509:Notes
5442:IPA:
5315:shuji
5308:shūjì
5273:dòufu
5145:پويىز
5140:poyiz
5132:поезд
5058:hour
5047:سائەت
5025:meat
5021:/ɡøʃ/
4994:pity
4978:epsus
4969:افسوس
4893:send-
4859:سىزگە
4802:مېنىڭ
4761:with
4723:Islam
4715:Tajik
4695:Uzbek
4643:voice
4631:tense
4627:Verbs
4583:Nouns
2900:Hanzi
2828:onset
2773:from
2767:/q,ʁ/
2763:/k,ɡ/
2739:/d͡ʒ/
2692:/q,ʁ/
2688:/k,ɡ/
2684:/t,d/
2680:/p,b/
2609:Trill
2404:Nasal
2386:Velar
2375:Post-
2349:/e,ɪ/
2326:تىلىم
2310:بىلىم
2291:boldi
2280:halqa
2276:hujum
2260:hisab
2256:ëghiz
2248:qolay
2236:qëtiq
2201:xelqi
2197:giram
2193:]
2189:[
2153:ziyan
2149:siler
2145:]
2141:[
2137:]
2133:[
2131:Both
2067:short
2029:Latin
1976:Latin
1920:Latin
1896:Close
1866:Front
1769:Close
1739:Front
1628:media
1586:Daurs
1433:]
1396:Kumul
1349:Uzbek
1223:Uzbek
1195:Perso
1129:from
998:with
976:Uzbek
623:Samsa
613:Manti
557:Muqam
244:Latin
99:China
10608:Sign
10569:Saka
10470:Ping
10191:Tsat
10142:Äynu
10124:Xibe
10082:Then
10067:Paha
10022:Hlai
9992:Biao
9966:Yang
9931:Nong
9844:Daur
9622:Mang
9617:Kuan
9536:Nung
9415:Amdo
9382:Situ
9362:Pumi
9357:Naxi
9347:Muya
9337:Lizu
9332:Laze
9307:Ersu
9261:Samu
9256:Nusu
9251:Naxi
9236:Lahu
9195:Sani
9140:Nisu
9135:Nasu
9130:Muzi
9125:Muji
9120:Moji
9115:Lope
9105:Gepo
9095:Azhe
9090:Azha
9080:Aluo
9027:Mili
9007:Lisu
9002:Lipo
8997:Limi
8992:Lawu
8987:Lavu
8982:Lamu
8977:Lalo
8929:Woni
8909:Sadu
8904:Qidi
8899:Piyo
8879:Muda
8859:Lami
8844:Jino
8839:Honi
8834:Hani
8799:Budu
8794:Bisu
8784:Asuo
8769:Akha
8764:Akeu
8717:Pela
8679:Maza
8581:Hani
8571:Lisu
8455:SARs
8332:and
8224:Shor
8217:Tuba
8167:Tofa
7825:Urum
7676:Äynu
7602:Argu
7593:Argu
7191:ISBN
7172:ISBN
7134:ISBN
7115:ISBN
7096:ISBN
7070:ISBN
7042:ISBN
7002:ISBN
6751:ISBN
6730:2020
6699:2020
6669:2020
6624:2020
6573:2019
6542:2019
6511:2010
6490:ISBN
6439:2012
6364:2020
6333:ISBN
6303:ISBN
6259:ISBN
6203:ISBN
6175:ISBN
6131:ISBN
6110:2014
6044:2010
6006:ISBN
5977:ISBN
5954:2010
5941:ISBN
5843:ISBN
5801:ISBN
5780:2014
5767:ISBN
5697:ISBN
5656:2022
5625:ISBN
5589:2015
5559:2022
5355:جوزا
5350:joza
5320:شۇجى
5285:دۇفۇ
5280:dufu
5042:saet
5033:ساعت
5011:gösh
5002:گوشت
4848:شۇڭا
4827:POSS
4794:júzi
4785:juze
4739:, a
4713:and
4697:and
4663:mood
4661:and
4649:and
4639:past
4637:and
4621:and
4597:and
4591:case
4589:and
3048:No.
3017:No.
2983:The
2902:and
2857:and
2832:coda
2765:and
2741:and
2722:→ ,
2702:and
2446:Stop
2295:ders
2205:Finn
2139:and
2126:suda
2045:IPA
2007:Open
1993:IPA
1988:O o
1938:IPA
1933:U u
1871:Back
1835:Open
1744:Back
1722:and
1614:and
1588:and
1578:Xibe
1548:The
1477:and
1409:Guma
1330:Äynu
1273:The
1262:and
1205:, a
1044:The
1022:and
1014:and
1006:and
982:and
904:IPA:
877:IPA:
618:Naan
442:Flag
10549:Jie
10460:Yue
10453:Old
10448:New
10372:Min
10367:Hui
10357:Gan
10333:Jin
10157:Lop
10077:Sui
10042:Mak
10032:Kam
10012:Cun
9971:Yei
9921:Min
9916:Dai
9764:She
9714:Hmu
9587:Bit
9511:Bai
9440:Dao
9392:Zbu
9085:Axi
8952:Eka
8874:Mpi
8824:Enu
8774:Amu
8576:Bai
8516:Kam
8451:ARs
8240:Old
7879:Tom
7686:Old
7664:Lop
7492:New
7364:of
7341:of
6992:hdl
6951:hdl
6600:doi
6458:doi
6086:doi
5906:doi
5902:101
5726:doi
5540:doi
4949:IPA
4939:IPA
4907:1sg
4903:PST
4899:NEG
4895:CAP
4870:DAT
4866:2sg
4831:1sg
4813:GEN
4809:1sg
4747:of
3072:ULY
3067:UYY
3062:USY
3057:UEY
3052:IPA
3041:ULY
3036:UYY
3031:USY
3026:UEY
3021:IPA
2998:ULY
2996:or
2989:UYY
2987:or
2979:USY
2977:or
2970:UEY
2968:or
2958:.)
2840:/ŋ/
2836:/ʔ/
2830:or
2795:/z/
2791:/ʁ/
2787:/ɡ/
2783:/d/
2779:/h/
2775:/w/
2771:/v/
2759:/p/
2755:/f/
2751:/f/
2747:/ʒ/
2743:/χ/
2732:/ʁ/
2728:/ʁ/
2724:/ɡ/
2720:/d/
2716:/ʁ/
2712:/ɡ/
2704:/ʁ/
2700:/ɡ/
2338:/e/
2306:/ɪ/
2299:tar
2287:kör
2272:höl
2264:hës
2252:qan
2244:qum
2232:qiz
2173:til
2122:yüz
2096:),
2088:),
2038:A a
2033:E e
1983:Ö ö
1980:Ë ë
1953:Mid
1930:I i
1927:Ü ü
1924:I i
1812:Mid
1592:.
1545:).
1461:of
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1187:).
990:or
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884:or
841:ʊər
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4065:12
4031:ئۆ
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3975:11
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3933:26
3893:10
3867:ئو
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3761:24
3706:ch
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3606:zh
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