Use of torture since 1948

1976:

African citizen are dealt with and so that Government will have no reason either to be embarrassed or ashamed of the acts which are done in its name by its own servants. As things are at present there is no one who can investigate such allegations and no independent authority who is responsible for the conduct at these camps. An African who is unfortunate enough to suffer from the brutalities which are clearly evident has no one to whom he can complain and no one to regard his interests since the local Administrative Officer is, himself, the authority for the camps. Moreover, the injured person is unlikely to appeal to the police for redress if they are to be regarded as subordinate to the Executive...I do not consider that in the present circumstances Government have taken all the necessary steps to ensure that in its Screening Camps the elementary principles of justice and humanity are observed.

1988:

central Kenya – and he needed permission to treat the worst detainees in a "rough way". Baring telegrammed the Colonial Secretary in London asking for his approval to use "overpowering" force, and the cabinet minister's approval came within weeks. A ministerial delegation saw firsthand prisoners beaten for refusing to don camp clothes. Ringleaders of the "Mau Mau moan" – a chant of defiance – were singled out for special punishment. They were beaten and forced to the ground. Once there, a boot was placed on their throat while mud was forced into their mouths. Gavaghan also explained how difficult detainees would be subjected to the "third degree". "The measures adopted were to be kept awake all night, having water thrown at him and to be beaten up on a variety of pretexts."

2199:

Lord Bingham said it was "clear that from its very earliest days the common law of England set its face firmly against the use of torture"; Lord Nicholls said "Torture is not acceptable. This is a bedrock moral principle in this country"; Lord Hoffman said "The use of torture is dishonourable. It corrupts and degrades the state which uses it and the legal system which accepts it."; Lord Hope said it was "one of most evil practices known to man"; Lord Rodgers said "the unacceptable nature of torture ... has long been unquestioned in this country."; Lord Carswell referred to the "abhorrence felt by civilised nations for the use of torture"; and Lord Brown said that "torture is an unqualified evil. It can never be justified. Rather it must always be punished.".

1984:, the Secretary of State for the Colonies and a cabinet minister, and told them that eight white European officers who had been accused of serious crimes, including accessory to murder, would be given immunity from prosecution. One district officer was accused of the "beating up and roasting alive of one African". A Kenyan Regiment Sergeant and a field intelligence assistance had been implicated in the burning of two further suspects "during screening operations". "I had not myself realised until today that the extension of the principle of clemency to all members of the security forces involved so many cases with Europeans as principals," wrote Baring. 1783: 1765:, reports have been made of widespread and systematic torture used by Syrian security forces. This includes electrocution, brutal beatings and sexual assault. Amnesty said of the situation : "Torture and other ill-treatment in Syria form part of a widespread and systematic attack against the civilian population, carried out in an organized manner and as part of state policy and therefore amount to crimes against humanity." In February 2019, two Syrians were arrested in Germany on suspicion of having conducted or abetted torture for the regime of Bashar al-Assad during the Syrian Civil War. 2394:... The Reprieve study includes the account of a prisoner released from Guantánamo Bay, who described a fellow inmate's story of detention on an amphibious assault ship. 'One of my fellow prisoners in Guantánamo was at sea on an American ship with about 50 others before coming to Guantánamo ... he was in the cage next to me. He told me that there were about 50 other people on the ship. They were all closed off in the bottom of the ship. The prisoner commented to me that it was like something you see on TV. The people held on the ship were beaten even more severely than in Guantánamo.'" 1715:

The UN committee expressed its concern "about the length of judicial procedures and made reference to reports that indicated that five years had sometimes passed between crime and sentence. The Committee warned that this problem reduces the effect of penal action and discourages people to file complaints." It further indicated that "all members of the Committee were also deeply concerned about the legal practice of five days incommunicado detention" (since October 2003, a reform of the Criminal Procedure Code has extended that period to a maximum of 13 days).

1806:

for Southeast Asia and the Pacific, Yubal Ginbar, a lawyer working for the rights group, and Laurent Meillan, acting Southeast Asia representative for the United Nations High Commission on Human Rights. The Thai government denied the torture allegations. The government spokesman, General Sansern Kaewkamnerd, emphasized that, "Our investigations into such allegations have shown no indication of torture, I have seen no indication of torture and the Thai people have seen no indication of torture,..." Jeremy Laurence, a representative of the

2012:". Despite this, he said that in order for abuse to remain legal, Mau Mau suspects must be beaten mainly on their upper body, "vulnerable parts of the body should not be struck, particularly the spleen, liver or kidneys", and it was important that "those who administer violence ... should remain collected, balanced and dispassionate". He also agreed to draft legislation that sanctioned beatings, as long as the abuse was kept secret, and reminded the governor that "If we are going to sin," he wrote, "we must sin quietly." 1655:, torture takes place in police stations, prisons, detention centres and beyond. During 2014/2015, the Independent Police Investigative Directorate (IPID) investigated 145 new reported cases it described as torture, 34 cases listed as rape and 3,711 cases listed as assault by police officers. Of the 145 cases described as torture, only four were referred to the National Prosecuting Authority by IPID for criminal charges during that same time period. This reflects serious problems with accountability. 381: 265: 1929:

such as rape, mutilation, and stuffing a detainee's mouth with mud and stamping on their throat. Instances of the wardens and guards intentionally denying medical aid to detainees were widespread, which compounded the effects of torture at the camps. A former British prison official in Kenya described a detention camp there in 1954: "Short rations, overwork, brutality, humiliating and disgusting treatment, flogging – all in violation of the

328: 38: 467: 498: 1296:; forced, prolonged maintenance of body positions that grow increasingly painful; confinement in tiny, closet-like spaces; exposure to temperature extremes, such as in deliberately overcooled rooms; prolonged toilet and hygiene deprivation; and degrading treatment, such as forcing detainees to eat and use the toilet at the same time. Allegations have been made of frequent beatings. Such acts violate Article 16 of the 1308:: " GSS used methods comparable to those used by the British in 1971, viz. sleep deprivation, infliction of physical suffering, and sensory isolation. But the GSS used them for much longer periods, so the resulting pain and suffering were substantially greater. In addition, the GSS used direct violence... Thus,... in practice, the GSS methods were substantially more severe than those used by the British in 1971..." 1472:

cursing, electric shocks, sexual harassment and the threat of rape. The report went on to say "Every one of those detainees has been subject to humiliating and degrading treatment and stayed in cells for more than 10 days. The analysis shows that an astonishing 95 percent of the detainees were subjected to severe torture, others feeling the detrimental effects on their health for varying periods." The

423:, torture and execution of dissidents in the 1970s. Hundreds were killed in coordinated operations, and the bodies of those recovered were often mutilated and showed signs of torture. This system operated with the knowledge and support of the United States government through the State Department, Central Intelligence Agency and the Defense Department. 1895:. A man in a UAE police uniform is seen on the tape tying the victim's arms and legs, and later holding him down. The official response of the UAE government was that Sheik Issa is the man shown in the video but he did nothing wrong. The incidents depicted in the videotapes were not part of a pattern of behaviour, the Ministry of the Interior said. 1526:), were kept in cramped, wet cells with no natural light, were beaten during trials, faced threats against themselves and their family members, or were forced to listen to the same music or sounds for extended periods of time. These practices were revealed in an inquiry and subsequent investigation and trial of secret police practices in 1957. 792:(Comisión Nacional sobre Prisión Política y Tortura) concluded in 2004 that torture had been a systematically implemented policy of the government, and recommended reparations. The commission heard the testimony of more than 35,000 witnesses, whose testimonies are to be kept secret for fifty years. Among those tortured were future president 1231:(most likely within Abu Ghraib) prior to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, no such device was found after the war. In October 1990, it was alleged that Iraqi soldiers had "thrown babies from incubators" during the invasion of Kuwait. This story was supposed to have come from the 'eyewitness testimony' of a 15-year-old Kuwaiti girl, 1485:

records as evidence that they had been tortured, but that hospital officials refused to provide them. Hamas's rival in the West Bank, the Fatah-dominated Palestinian Authority, arrests and detains Palestinians arbitrarily, including Hamas members or sympathizers, and similarly subjects detainees to torture and abuse."

1639:. According to a 2003 report by Amnesty International, "torture and ill-treatment remained rife." Hanny Megally, executive director of the Middle East and North Africa division of Human Rights Watch, stated in 2002 "The practice of torture in Saudi Arabia is well documented", According to the Human Rights Watch 2168:. Neither Taylor, nor his commanding officer Lt-Col Paterson (who was briefed on the operation "Ali Baba" by Taylor), was sanctioned and, indeed, during the period of time between the offence and the trial, both were given promotions. All the leaders of the major British political parties condemned the abuse. 2130:, but did not amount to torture. In 2014, evidence emerged that the British Government had withheld information from the Court. Following these revelations, the Irish Government announced in December 2014 that it would be asking the Court to review its judgement and acknowledge the Five Techniques as torture. 1427:

extracting information from POWs. The MPSMO "...supervised the use of torture and the use of drugs to induce prisoners to cooperate." Its functions also "...included working with Soviet and Communist Chinese intelligence advisors who were qualified in the use of medical techniques for intelligence purposes."

2384:"According to research carried out by Reprieve, the US may have used as many as 17 ships as 'floating prisons' since 2001. Detainees are interrogated aboard the vessels and then rendered to other, often undisclosed, locations, it is claimed. Ships that are understood to have held prisoners include the 2502:

over cases between 2002 and 2014, which criticized the Venezuelan National Commission for the Prevention of Torture for being biased in favor towards the Bolivarian government. The committee had also expressed concern with "beatings, burnings and electric shocks in efforts to obtain confessions" that

2075:

for many hours and were deprived of sleep, food and drink. They were also repeatedly beaten, and some reported being kicked in the genitals, having their heads banged against walls and being threatened with injections. The effect was severe pain, severe physical and mental exhaustion, severe anxiety,

1484:

Human Rights Watch reported 147 cases of torture by Hamas in the West Bank during 2011 and that none of the perpetrators had been prosecuted "despite consistent allegations of severe abuse." It further stated that "Some men said they had needed medical care due to torture and sought to obtain medical

1975:

The other lamentable aspect of this case is the horror of some of the so called Screening Camps which, in my judgment, now present a state of affairs so deplorable that they should be investigated without delay so that the ever increasing allegations of inhumanity and disregard of the rights of the

1928:

in order to try and coerce them into repudiating the Mau Mau oath; hundreds of thousands of Kikuyus were imprisoned in the camps during the rebellion. In these camps, detainees were frequently subject to brutal mistreatment, including torture, by camp wardens and prison guard. These included methods

1805:

and military of 74 incidents of brutality. An Amnesty International press conference to unveil the report was halted by Thai authorities who cited Thai labour laws prohibiting visiting foreigners from working in Thailand. The three foreign speakers were Rafendi Djamin, Amnesty International Director

1148:

whipping, sometimes of the back but most often of the feet with the body tied on an iron bed; the qapani; deprivation of sleep; suspension from ceiling and high walls; twisting of forearms until they broke; crushing of hands and fingers between metal presses; insertion of sharp instruments under the

606:

amounting to torture; the government says it has "made efforts to punish all acts of torture under the Albanian criminal justice system". In 2020 more than 3000 Albanians signed a petition accusing the government of Edi Rama of torture against the Muslim cleric Genci Balla who was isolated under the

2153:

Anyone with a shred of human decency would be revolted by what is contained in those pictures. The actions of you and those responsible for these acts have undoubtedly tarnished the international reputation of the British Army and, to some extent, the British nation too, and it will no doubt hamper

1995:

If they deny having taken an oath they are given summary punishment which usually consists of a good beating up. This treatment usually breaks a large proportion. If this treatment does not bear fruit the detainee is taken to the far end of the camp where buckets of stone are waiting. These buckets

1714:

The Spanish kingdom today categorically denies the existence of torture. However, the Spanish authorities consistently fail to implement recommendations by the Council of Europe's Committee for the Prevention of Torture and the UN Committee Against Torture to combat the use of torture in detention.

1488:

In another report, Human Rights Watch "documents cases in which security forces tortured, beat, and arbitrarily detained journalists, confiscated their equipment, and barred them from leaving the West Bank and Gaza." HRW also reported an incident in which "the Hamas Ministry of Interior summoned a

1426:

From 1961 to 1973, the North Vietnamese and Vietcong held hundreds of Americans captive. Hanoi's Ministry of Public Security's Medical Office (MPSMO) was responsible for "preparing studies and performing research on the most effective Soviet, French, Communist Chinese and other ...techniques..." of

1258:

After investigation of continued allegations of torture, the Supreme Court made another ruling in 1999 that curtailed the use of torture, but controversially allowed a necessity defense for agents of the state accused of torture. This decision was praised by human-rights organizations. Despite this

2198:

On 7 December 2005, the House of Lords reversed the deportations of Muslims convicted on "evidence procured by torture inflicted by foreign officials", and cited the 1978 case in ruling that centuries of common law and recent international conventions made torture anathema in the country's courts.

1160:

women imprisoned for engaging in political protest has been effective in keeping female college students "less outspoken and less likely to take part" in political demonstrations. The journal quotes an Iranian college student as saying, "most of the girls arrested are raped in jail. Families can't

1046:

for the purpose of extracting confession or acquiring information" and the "compulsion of individuals to testify, confess, or take an oath." It also states that "any testimony, confession, or oath obtained under duress is devoid of value and credence." The Islamic Republic itself vehemently denies

165:

in societies that have experienced a change in government. Surveys of torture survivors reveal that torture "is not aimed primarily at the extraction of information ... Its real aim is to break down the victim's personality and identity." When applied indiscriminately, torture is used as a tool of

1987:

In 1956, Baring's administration devised the "dilution technique" – a system of assaults and psychological shocks to detainees, to force the compliance of the toughest Mau Mau supporters. Lennox-Boyd was told that one commander, Terrence Gavaghan, had developed the techniques at the Mwea camps in

1471:

At least six Palestinians died under torture in PA prisons. According to a report by the Arab Organization for Human Rights in Britain, the PA has used torture on a systematic basis for years. Methods include beatings with cables, pulling out nails, suspension from the ceiling, flogging, kicking,

1404:

Christian pastors in Nigeria have been involved in the torturing and killing of children accused of witchcraft. Church pastors, in an effort to distinguish from the competition, establish their credentials by accusing children of witchcraft. When repeatedly asked to comment about the matter, the

1019:

released its report, Torture in India 2010, at a press conference in New Delhi. The report stated that, taking 2000 as the base year, custodial deaths have decreased by 41.66% government between 2004–2005 to 2007–2008. This includes 70.72% increase of deaths in prison and 12.60% increase while in

2514:

stated on 11 March 2015 that Venezuela had ignored requests for information and that he had made "conclusions based on the lack of response" and "concluded that the government violated the rights of prisoners", further saying that the Maduro government failed "with the obligation to investigate,

2426:

Forms of torture frequently cited include immersion in boiling water, exposure to extreme heat and cold, "the use of electric shock, temporary suffocation, hanging by the ankles or wrists, removal of fingernails, punctures with sharp objects, rape, the threat of rape, and the threat of murder of

1213:

Methods of torture or ill-treatment cited included routine beatings to the body using a variety of implements such as cables, hosepipes and metal rods. Detainees reported kicking, slapping and punching; prolonged suspension from the wrists with the hands tied behind the back; electric shocks to

941:

received 469 registered complaints about illegitimate police violence during the first 11 months of the year, down from 500 during the same period in 2003. There were 59 confirmed cases of police violence, compared to 65 in the previous year. In April 2004, the ECHR condemned the government for

2415:

Even though only a small number of torture cases can be proved with absolute certainty, the copious testimonies gathered ... are so consistent in their description of torture techniques and the places and circumstances in which torture is perpetrated that the pervasive and persistent nature of

250:

Methods of torture are often quite crude, a number of new technologies of control have been used by torturers in recent years. The Brazilian government devised a number of new electrical and mechanical means of torture during the military dictatorship from 1964 to 1985, and proceeded to train

2318:

repeatedly used electroshock, near-suffocation by plastic bags and excessive beating on suspects in the 1970s and 1980s. The City of Chicago's Office of Professional Standards (OPS) concluded that the physical abuse was systematic and, "The type of abuse described was not limited to the usual

551:

as its definition of torture, of its case files found "reports of torture or ill-treatment by state officials in more than 150 countries from 1997 to 2000". These reports described widespread or persistent patterns of abuse in more than 70 countries and torture-related deaths in more than 80.

1959:

We knew the slow method of torture was worse than anything we could do. Special Branch there had a way of slowly electrocuting a Kuke—they'd rough up one for days. Once I went personally to drop off one gang member who needed special treatment. I stayed for a few hours to help the boys out,

1467:

More than 100 cases of torture by Palestinian security services were reported in 2010. Joe Stork, deputy Middle East director at Human Rights Watch, said: "The reports of torture by Palestinian security services keep rolling in. President Abbas and Prime Minister Fayyad are well aware of the

566:

Torture has been reported in Afghanistan under each of its recent governments. Under Najibullah's Soviet-backed regime, beating and electric shocks were widely reported. After the mujahidin victory, Afghanistan fell into a state of chaos, and, according to Amnesty International, "Torture of

1735:. It was closed in 2001 and all remaining political detainees were transferred to other prisons in Syria. However, Tadmor Prison was reopened on 15 June 2011 and 350 individuals arrested for participation in anti-regime demonstrations were transferred there for interrogation and detainment. 2434:

In 2003, Britain's Ambassador for Uzbekistan, Craig Murray, said that information was being extracted under extreme torture from dissidents in that country, and that the information was subsequently being used by Britain and other western, democratic countries which disapproved of torture.

1618:

In the most extreme cases, hundreds of innocent people from the street were arbitrarily arrested, beaten, tortured, and raped by special police forces ("Red Terror"). Such incidents took place not only in Chechnya, but also in the Russian towns of Blagoveshensk, Bezetsk, and Nefteyugansk.

684:

In nearly all the cases brought to the attention of the Commission, the victims speak of acts of torture. Torture was an important element in the methodology of repression. Secret torture centres were set up, among other reasons, to enable the carrying out of torture to be carried out

2221:, who died in British custody in Basra, and of eight other Iraqi men held at the same facility, opening the way for a multimillion-pound compensation package for the relatives of Baha Mousa and the other men injured during illegal interrogations. On 14 May 2008, Defence Secretary 1643:, "Torture under interrogation of political prisoners and criminal suspects continued", and the 2006 report notes that "Arbitrary detention, mistreatment and torture of detainees, restrictions on freedom of movement, and lack of official accountability remain serious concerns". 1381:

routinely practice torture. Dozens of witnesses and survivors stepped forward to testify to repeated, severe beatings, abuse of sexual organs, rape, death threats, injury by shooting, and the denial of food and water. These abuses were used in campaigns against common crime.

1588:

forbids arbitrary detention, torture and ill-treatment. Part 2 of Article 21 of the Constitution states that "no one may be subjected to torture, violence or any other harsh or humiliating treatment or punishment...". However Russian police are regularly observed practicing

1149:

fingernails; cigarette burns; submersion under water; standing in one place for hours on end; mock executions; and physical threats against family members. Of these, the most prevalent was the whipping of soles, obviously because it was explicitly sanctioned by the sharia.

1497:

Despite international and national exposure, torture in Papua remains widespread and systematic; it is also surrounded by virtually complete impunity and denial. A study by the International Journal of Conflict and Violence found 431 cases of torture in Papua New Guinea.

947: 2004:, the attorney general of the British administration in Kenya, wrote to Baring, detailing the way the regime of abuse at the colony's detention camps was being subtly altered. He said that the mistreatment of the detainees is "distressingly reminiscent of conditions in 190:

and physical evidence from the citizens they tortured. Through both denial and avoidance of prosecution, most people ordering or carrying out acts of torture do not face legal consequences for their actions. UN Special Rapporteur for the Commission on Human Rights, Sir

2184:

The incidents depicted are in direct contradiction to the core values and standards of the British Army ... Nevertheless, in the light of the evidence from this trial I do apologize on behalf of the army to those Iraqis who were abused and to the people of Iraq as a

942:"inhumane and degrading treatments" in the 1997 case of a teenager beaten while in police custody. The court ordered the government to pay Giovanni Rivas $ 20,500 (15,000 euros) in damages and $ 13,500 (10,000 euros) in court costs. The head of the police station in 1073:

was repeatedly tortured in prison. Amnesty International reports that Kamangar was repeatedly beaten, flogged, and electrocuted, and that he now suffers from spasms in his arms and legs as a result of the torture. After she died in the custody of Iranian officials,

2457:

and individuals were imprisoned without evidence. While initially detained, individuals faced torture in instances of interrogation. Political police targeted, arrested, tortured and killed his opponents. Those who were attacked include future Venezuelan president

2248:, banned since their use in Northern Ireland in the 1970s) were not being used. It has now emerged that such techniques were being used by some troops deployed abroad. The BBC reported that "Labour MP Andrew Dismore, chairman of the committee, said he hoped the 2288:

While the United States is a party to international conventions against torture, a proponent of human rights treaties and a critic of torture by other countries, torture has taken place within its borders and on its government's behalf outside of its borders.

438:, the delivery of prisoners or others recently captured, including terrorism suspects, to foreign governments known to practice torture are South Africa, Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, and Afghanistan. Human rights activists have alleged that the practice amounts to 1828:(DSI) be responsible for investigating cases of enforced disappearance and torture. Only in events where DSI officials are accused of such crimes would police be assigned to investigate. Imprisonment for five to 25 years, and/or a fine of 100,000 to 300,000 1933:." According to Canon Bewes, a British missionary in Kenya, there was a "constant stream of reports of brutalities by police, military and home guards. Some of the people had been using castration instruments and two men had died under castration." 1832:

would be levied on guilty parties. Were the bill to become a law, every government agency restricting people's rights would be required to maintain a database of people whose rights are restricted, actions taken, and the disposition of their cases.

1606:

that is practiced in the American military, however it is often much more brutal. Many young men are killed or commit suicide every year because of it. Amnesty International reported on allegations of Chechen locals, that Russian military forces in

716:. Between 1980 and 1998, nine people died in detention as a result of torture, with five more dying shortly after being released as a result of injuries sustained from torture. Reports released by Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch in the 1489:

journalist who published an article on torture by Hamas authorities in secret detention facilities, threatened to take legal action against him if he did not publish an apology for the article, and warned him to correct his 'biased' reporting."

2079:

The fourteen so-called "Hooded Men" were the only detainees subjected to all Five Techniques together. Some other detainees were subjected to at least one of the Five Techniques, along with other interrogation methods. These allegedly included

1459:

In 1995, Azzam Rahim, a naturalized American citizen, was arrested by the Palestinian Authority in the West Bank. He was subsequently taken to a prison in Jericho where he was tortured and killed. Rahim's family attempted to sue the PA and the

1360:

in the then Israeli-occupied Southern Lebanon. Torture, including electric shock torture, by the SLA was routine. This was detailed after the end of the occupation in 2000, when Lebanese who freed the prisoners found instruments of torture.

412:). The manuals were also distributed by Special Forces Mobile Training teams to military personnel and intelligence schools in Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Peru. The manuals have a chapter devoted to "coercive techniques". 1002:

in 1989 when she was kidnapped, taken to a secret prison and repeatedly raped and tortured by Guatemalan right-wing forces. Ortiz survived because of her American citizenship. Sister Ortiz chronicled her experiences and recovery in a book,

641:

In Angola's 27-year civil war, according to Amnesty International, "many were tortured" by both sides. Since that time, AI has also reported that "unarmed civilians are being extrajudicially executed and tortured" in Angola's war against

2373:, said of one Guantanamo Bay detainee, "his treatment met the legal definition of torture, and that is why I did not refer the case" for prosecution. The U.S. Government denies that torture is being conducted in the detention camps at 5818: 5394: 946:, near Paris, has been forced to resign after allegations of rape and other violence committed by the police force under his orders. Nine investigations concerning police abuse in this police station were carried out in 2005 by the 1510:, torture and degrading treatment were routine in police custody. Political prisoners were often beaten, burned with irons, placed in stress positions, sexually abused, and subjected to electric shock, among other severe methods. 1214:

sensitive parts of the body, including the earlobes and genitals; and being kept blindfolded and/or handcuffed continuously for several days. In several cases, the detainees suffered what may be permanent physical disability.

818:

Although torture was outlawed in China in 1996, a UN investigator found torture to still be widespread in 2005, particularly because the narrow definition of the law, leaving a mark, does not comply with the UN definition.

169:

While many states use torture, few wish to be described as doing so, either to their own citizens or to international bodies. So a variety of strategies are used to circumvent their legal and humanitarian duties, including

1417:

and forced labor camps. Guards have the power to inflict severe beatings, simulated drownings, stress positions, starvation, confinement in small spaces, hanging by the wrists or ankles, electric shocks, and sexual abuse.

2319:

beating, but went into such esoteric areas as psychological techniques and planned torture." The Supermax facility at the Maine State Prison has been the scene of video-taped forcible extractions that Lance Tapley in the

1960:

softening him up. Things got a little out of hand. By the time I cut his balls off, he had no ears, and his eyeball, the right one, I think, was hanging out of its socket. Too bad, he died before we got much out of him.

2202:

On 13 March 2007, the six-month court martial of the seven soldiers – including Colonel Jorge Mendonca and Major Michael Peebles – over the detention of Iraqi prisoners in Basra during May 2003 ended with all but one,

6676:"Statement of Santiago A. Canton Executive Director, RFK Partners for Human Rights Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights" (PDF). United States Senate. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 July 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015. 1847:

police station, Thitisan Utthanaphon widely known by the nickname "Jo Ferrari", and other police officers suffocating Thanapat with plastic bags until he collapsed and died. The police reportedly ordered doctors at

2111:, then announced that the Five Techniques would no longer be used under his government. However, he said that if a future British government decided to reintroduce them, it would need to be approved by Parliament. 743:. The NSA and MoI followed a systematic practice of physical and psychological mistreatment, which in many cases amounted to torture. Only four of the individuals who alleged torture were arrested by the BDF. The 241:

have been considered appropriate provided that they are used to "control" prisoners or suspects, even non-violent ones, rather than to extract information. These techniques have been widely criticized as torture.

1810:(UNOHCHR) had been scheduled to speak at the press conference. "This incident is another striking illustration of a new pattern of harassment of human rights defenders documenting torture in Thailand," he said. 1020:

police custody. The government has stated that it intends to pass the Anti Torture Act 2010 so it can ratify the UN convention against torture. The bill provides up to a 10-year sentence for physical or mental

2040:(IRA) members. Former RUC interrogators who were active during the Troubles claimed that waterboarding, among other forms of torture, were systematically used against suspected IRA members in police custody. 1271:...the Israeli HCJ in September 1999 banned a number of interrogation methods ...However the judgment left ... loopholes by which methods amounting to torture or other ill-treatment in detention may continue. 1007:. "There were other people in the clandestine cell, the clandestine prison, as well, and I could hear terrible screams. Many were killed. I saw some bodies. There were children, as well", wrote Dianna Ortiz. 2859: 5590: 2549:

has documented over 350 cases of torture and abuse. Methods include severe beatings, cutting the soles of the feet with razors, partial asphyxiation, withholding food and medication, and electric shock.

5239: 937:(ECHR) for the conditions of detention in prisons, including the use of torture on detainees. Although the law and the Constitution prohibits any kind of torture, such practices happen. In 2004, the 1920:(better known as the "Mau Mau"). During their suppression of the rebellion, British security forces routinely used torture on suspected Mau Mau insurgents. Upon discovering that nearly the entire 442:

for the purpose of torture, or torture by proxy. A related practice is the operation of facilities for imprisonment, and it is widely believed torture, in foreign countries. In November 2005, the

2088:, burning with matches and candles, forcing internees to stand over hot electric fires while beating them, beating and squeezing of the genitals, inserting objects into the anus, injections, 5825: 1924: – numbering over a million – had taken an oath to support the Mau Mau in their struggle, the British colonial authorities imprisoned suspected insurgents in 571:

are likewise reported to have engaged in torture. Since the U.S. overthrow of the Taliban, torture has been reported on several occasions, both by Afghan groups and by U.S. troops. In the

2392:. A further 15 ships are suspected of having operated around the British territory of Diego Garcia in the Indian Ocean, which has been used as a military base by the UK and the Americans. 1522:

in Portugal, the secret police is known to have used torture on political prisoners. Detainees were forced to remain standing for hours on end in a method called the "statue" (Portuguese:

727:, torture was described by many human rights reports as widespread and systematic. Up to 1866 who make up 64% of detainees reported cases of torture. Three government agencies, namely the 1888:) directing the torture of Afghan grain dealer Mohammed Shah Poor. The video includes the man being tortured with a cattle prod to his genitals, sand in his mouth and being run over by a 1481:

In 2012, after allegedly selling a house in Hebron to a Jewish family, Muhammad Abu Shahala was arrested by the Palestinian Authority, tortured into a confession, and sentenced to death.

6719:"Venezuela tuvo que responder por más de 3.000 casos de tortura ante Naciones Unidas". Infobae. 6 November 2014. Archived from the original on 9 November 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2014. 2530:

and some of its prisoners have attempted suicide. Conditions in La Tumba have resulted with prisoner illnesses, though Venezuelan authorities refuse to medically treat those imprisoned.

5985: 6799: 6728:"Estado no respondió con precisión preguntas de la ONU sobre casos de tortura". El Nacional. 8 November 2014. Archived from the original on 9 November 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2014. 6710:"Venezuela ante la ONU: "Puede haber individuos armados dentro de los colectivos"". Infobae. 8 November 2014. Archived from the original on 9 November 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2014. 1794:

The Constitution of Thailand prohibits acts of torture, but the Thai legal system has no definition of torture and torture is not recognized as an offence by Thailand's legal system.

4969: 2907: 986:, in anticommunist campaigns during the 1980s, was involved in these tortures (in Latin America the threat of communism was often used as justification for dictatorship during the 587:. In March 2008 the UK Ministry of Defence claimed that they and the Afghan army had uncovered a Taliban torture chamber where two individuals were believed to have been beaten. 1807: 2154:

the efforts of those who are now risking their lives striving to achieve stability in the Gulf region, and it will probably be used by those who are working against such ends.

3748: 5418: 4612: 1684: 1130: 6737:"U.N. watchdog urges Venezuela to investigate torture allegations". Reuters. 28 November 2014. Archived from the original on 28 November 2014. Retrieved 29 November 2014. 1824:(NLA) in late-December 2018. The bill would criminalise torture and enforced disappearances, including during wars and political unrest. The draft law specifies that the 3844: 3219: 434:

in which suspected terrorists were extradited to countries where they were to be prosecuted for crimes allegedly committed. In the "war on terror" this has evolved into

3003: 5356: 3695: 161:

in 70 countries and other prisoners and detainees in more than 130 countries. State torture has been extensively documented and studied, often as part of efforts at

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Orlando Tizon, CovertAction Quarterly, Summer 2002. Tizon is assistant director of the Torture Abolition and Survivors Support Coalition (TASSC) in Washington, D.C.

2133:

The Court's ruling, that the Five Techniques did not amount to torture, was later cited by the United States and Israel to justify their own interrogation methods.

1069:. During his time in prison, he was reportedly tortured (sexually humiliated – photographed naked, laughed at, obliged to walk barefooted on aids' patients blood). 567:

civilians in their homes has become endemic ... In almost every jail run by the armed political groups, torture is reported to be a part of the daily routine". The

2722: 186:, and so on. Almost all regimes and governments engaging in torture (and other crimes against humanity) consistently deny engaging in it, in spite of overwhelming 5139: 3816: 5792: 5601: 1750:, committed suicide when falsely informed by his captors that his comrades had been killed. Ilan became a symbol of courage and patriotism in Israel. During the 699: 5343: 6767:"Unearthing the Tomb: Inside Venezuela's Secret Underground Torture Chamber". Fusion. 2015. Archived from the original on 29 July 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015. 6746:"Venezuela violó derecho internacional al no prevenir tortura". La Verdad. 11 March 2015. Archived from the original on 13 March 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2015. 6469: 5247: 3778: 2478:

administration also tortured and executed opponents with a judicial branch that largely ignored abuses by his government. The Caracas Metropolitan Police and

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since 2 October 2007. Section 28 of the Thai 2016 constitution states, "A torture, brutal act or punishment by cruel or inhumane means shall be prohibited."

2380:

It was reported in June 2008 that, according to human rights lawyers, the USA was "operating floating prisons to house those arrested in its war on terror":

1263:

continued to express concerns to Israel about treatment which amounts to torture, and remained unhappy about the steps taken by Israel to eliminate torture.

962:

have also been widely criticized by human rights NGOs. In 2006 a 20-year-old Serbian woman accused a policeman of attempting to rape her in such a centre in

813: 619:

in "Torture; Cancer of Democracy" and "Les Damnees de la Terre" by Franz Fanon, torture was practiced endemically by the French forces, commanded by General

195:, believes that "impunity continues to be the principal cause of the perpetuation and encouragement of human rights violations and, in particular, torture." 5058: 2949: 1790:

station posted online appears to show the suspect being ordered to pay $ 60,000 to have charges dropped before he is suffocated to death with a plastic bag.

6329: 2107:, to look into the Five Techniques. In 1972 the Parker Report concluded that the Five Techniques were illegal under domestic law. British Prime Minister 3179: 2815: 233:

to intimidate or pressure prisoners in a manner claimed to be legal under national or international law. Electric shock techniques such as the use of

6370: 6250: 3547: 6853: 982:), torture, rape and inhumane and degrading treatment was systematically used by the Guatemalan armed forces and police. There is evidence that the 1821: 3630: 905:. The French had themselves developed practices in defence of its declining empire through the 20th century, setting up torture "universities" at 5113: 3381: 2975: 1991:

One Hanslope Park document is a letter between Kenyan Special Branch police officers about treatment of "fanatical" detainees at the Mwea camps.

1456:

remained widespread. Seven detainees died in custody. Unlawful killings, including possible extrajudicial executions, continued to be reported."

5565: 2180:, made a statement on television and said that he was "appalled and disappointed" when he first saw photographs of the Iraqi detainees and that 1947:. According to his widow, "British soldiers forced pins into his fingernails and buttocks and squeezed his testicles between metal rods" at the 1478:, which involves detainees being handcuffed and bound in stress positions for longs stretches of time, is the most widely used form of torture. 6042: 3032: 275: 5539: 3911:

1 August 2008, "Among Scholars, Resistance and Resilience in Iran, Tradition of dissent survives despite government pressure" By AISHA LABI,

2677: 2498:

released a report stating that Venezuela's government practiced "repression and intolerance". In November 2014, Venezuela appeared before the

5369: 5318: 5222: 5203: 1981: 1683:, nicknamed "conveyor" due to interrogators replacing one another to keep the inmate from sleeping. The use of torture was authorized by the 6569: 4302: 6121: 6097: 3369: 1039: 779: 3866: 3533: 2904: 633:, or generator, in which victims were tied down and electrocuted with a primitive device that delivered electric shocks to the genitalia. 2173: 1968: 6310: 759:

regime from 1964 to 1977 against dissidents. It included torturing their children, some of whom were less than 2 years old at the time.

198:

While states, particularly their prisons, law enforcement, military and intelligence apparatus, are major perpetrators of torture, many

102: 6069: 5627: 5003: 4780: 4729: 3730: 345: 55: 6779:"Political protesters are left to rot in Venezuela's secretive underground prison". News.com.au. 25 July 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015. 4404: 3995: 2651:

Nigel Rodley, "Report on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment," UN Document A/54/426, 1 October 1999.

2483: 1589:

torture – including beatings, electric shocks, rape, asphyxiation – in interrogating arrested suspects.

74: 6758:

Vinogradoff, Ludmila (10 February 2015). ""La tumba", siete celdas de tortura en el corazón de Caracas". ABC. Retrieved 29 July 2015.

6485: 5307:

Abraham Rabinovich, The Yom Kippur War: The Epic Encounter That Transformed the Middle East, Random House/Schocken Books (2004) p.115

4155: 2495: 2104: 1814: 1297: 744: 599: 548: 4638: 3515: 2149:, during May 2003. The judge at the military court, Judge Advocate Michael Hunter, said of photographs and the soldier's behaviour: 2122:

ruled that the programme of deep interrogation, using the Five Techniques, amounted to "torture". The case was then referred to the

5448: 4209:

Ben-Natan, Smadar (9 June 2019). "Revise Your Syllabi: Israeli Supreme Court Upholds Authorization for Torture and Ill-Treatment".

2635: 2601: 2499: 6453: 4944: 4360: 3658: 2834: 1281:

In 2018 another decision loosened the criteria for torture being excused and further enabled the institutionalization of torture.

178:, "need to know", denial that certain activities constitute torture, appeal to various laws (national or international), use of a 4451:"Official Sentenced to Death for Home Sale to Jews." CBN.com. The Christian Broadcasting Network, 30 April 2012. Web. 1 May 2012. 4342: 3756: 409: 157:

or punishment in more than 150 countries during the four-year period from 1997 to 2001. These accusations concerned acts against

81: 5516: 5426: 4616: 1094:

activist, is currently ill due to prison conditions and torture. She has been sentenced to death. Other notable victims include

5041: 4866: 4056: 3791: 3479: 3400: 3161: 3077: 897:

That France has provided a pivotal role in the evolution of western torture practices is the central thesis of the French film

4378: 3841: 3293: 2798: 2344:

of approving a system that uses torture, destroying the mechanisms for judicial review created by the Supreme Court ruling in

6695: 5802: 5344:

https://www.amnesty.org/en/news/syria-new-report-finds-systemic-and-widespread-torture-and-ill-treatment-detention-2012-03-13

5182: 3982: 3319: 3000: 2271: 2211: 139: 27: 4429:

Abu Toameh, Khaled. "PA Has Been Torturing Prisoners for Years, UK Group Says." JPost.com. 22 January 2011. Web. 5 May 2012.

2210:, being acquitted. On 30 April 2007, Payne, Britain's first convicted war criminal found guilty under the provisions of the 852:

of divided Germany, torture and inhumane and degrading treatment were systematically used by security forces, including the

602:, torture was widely used by police and prison camp guards. Since the fall of communism, Amnesty International has reported 6161: 4118: 2748: 1228: 1015:

India has not ratified the UN Convention against Torture. Custodial deaths and extrajudicial killings are on the rise. The

740: 724: 88: 5062: 4919: 4565:"Acousmatic and Acoustic Violence and Torture in the Estado Novo: The Notorious Revelations of the PIDE/DGS Trial in 1957" 3699: 2256:

agreed to pay almost £3m in compensation to Mr Mousa's family and nine Iraqi men after admitting breaching human rights".

2164:

At the court martial, the prosecution alleged that in giving the order to "work hard", Captain Dan Taylor had broken the

1452:

has reportedly practiced torture in the Palestinian territories over the years. Amnesty International found: "Torture of

474: 5464: 2244:, Commander Field Army, in 2006 of misleading the committee when they declared that conditioning practices (based on the 2191: 2177: 2127: 2119: 1965: 1825: 1598:, are also widespread in Russian's military, according to Human Rights Watch. This is essentially the Russian version of 1461: 883: 162: 4711: 6230: 5143: 2490:, levels of torture occurred that had not been seen since the dictatorship of Pérez Jiménez. Following the election of 2283: 1843:

and to pay a two million baht or US$ 60,000 bribe for his release. The video appears to show the director of the Muang

732: 728: 415:

The southern cone governments of South America – Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Bolivia, Paraguay and Brazil – involved in

400:

co-ordinate a system of detention, torture and assassination of suspected members of the National Liberation Front, or

5892: 5874: 5773: 1552:, torture was often used against political and religious prisoners, including those incarcerated during the notorious 1021: 70: 6416: 5490: 5342:"News." Syria: New Report Finds Systemic and Widespread Torture and Ill-treatment in Detention. Web. 6 May 2012. < 5279: 5090: 3939: 3466: 2846: 2732: 2705: 2508: 2404: 2279: 2275: 2214:, who had pleaded guilty to mistreating prisoners, was jailed for a year and dishonourably discharged from the army. 2037: 1937: 1443: 561: 367: 309: 121: 6466: 6454:"UN expert on human rights and counterterrorism concerned that Military Commissions Act is now law in United States" 5910: 3150: 2071:

and handcuffed in a cold cell and subjected to a continuous loud hissing noise. Here they were forced to stand in a

978:

and the repression by the army against civilians and suspected opponents of the military dictatorship, murder (even

4461: 4260: 3820: 2341: 2100: 1628: 998:

children in the Guatemala highlands, claims that U.S. personnel were present in interrogation and torture rooms in

392:

Substantial cooperation between states in the methods and coordination of torture has been documented. Through the

19: 1695:, Stalin ordered falsely accused physicians to be tortured "to death". Torture was still used after Stalin by the 6061: 5693: 3157: 2542: 2362: 2237: 2233: 1723:

Torture has reportedly been used in the Adra Prison near Damascus. In 2010, the prison held 7,000 prisoners. The

1579: 865: 756: 712:, a notorious security officer identified by many detainees as having overseen torture, was given immunity under 669: 6326: 4405:> <http://www.allvoices.com/news/11964270-justices-say-palestinian-authority-cant-be-sued-over-torture> 2562:, in power from 1980 to 2017, has been accused of torturing protestors and members of the political opposition. 2453:, Venezuelan authorities held little regard for the human rights of citizens. Police often raided homes without 1839:

assaulted Jeerapong Thanapat, a 24-year-old drug suspect, during an interrogation to force him to reveal hidden

1138: 6800:"Canada introduces new sanctions on Venezuelan regime in wake of devastating report on crimes against humanity" 4487: 2123: 2060: 1948: 1941: 1930: 943: 934: 705: 704:

Torture has been used frequently by the Bahraini government in the 20th century. Notable cases include that of

349: 287: 154: 59: 6367: 5355:""Widespread and Systematic" Torture in Syria." CBSNews. CBS Interactive, 14 March 2012. Web. 6 May 2012. < 4693: 3019: 2141:

On 23 February 2005, British soldiers were found guilty of abuse of Iraqi prisoners arrested for looting at a

2118:

had begun international legal action against the British Government over the Hooded Men in 1971. In 1976, the

1996:

are placed on the detainee's head and he is made to run around in circles until he agrees to confess the oath.

708:, a former colonial officer employed in Bahrain who was accused by multiple witnesses of torturing prisoners. 3183: 2374: 2370: 2265: 2099:

Details of the "deep interrogation" programme became known to the public, sparking outrage. In response, the

1541: 1153: 1016: 6826: 6177: 1866: 1782: 1468:

situation. They need to reverse this rampant impunity and make sure that those responsible are prosecuted."

1065:, a singer, was jailed for his song "Ali Barkhiz" where he denounces the Islamic regime's crimes during the 5657: 4025: 3165: 2172:, British Prime Minister, declared that the pictures were "shocking and appalling". After sentencing, the 1801:

that was to have been formally released in Bangkok on 28 September 2016, Amnesty International accused the

1775: 875: 427: 6247: 4538: 4026:"Israel: Torture still used systematically as Israel presents its report to the Committee Against Torture" 3551: 6543: 4170:"Institutionalizing torture in Israel: The Firas Tbeish decision. A commentary by John W. Schiemann, PhD" 4086:"Fracturing the "Exception": The Legal Sanctioning of Violent Interrogation Methods in Israel since 1987" 1917: 1141:, as societies that "can be considered to be in a league of their own" in the systematic use of torture. 951: 823: 6350: 3419: 2507:

and that of the 185 investigations for abuses during the protests, only 5 individuals had been charged.

6390: 4439: 3337: 2126:. In 1978 it ruled that the programme amounted to "inhuman and degrading treatment" which breached the 1885: 95: 4500: 3717:"Shirkoh Moarefi another Kurdish Activist has been Transferred to Solitary Confinement to Await Execu" 1971:

about the "inhumanity" of various parts of the security forces amid his investigations of wrongdoing:

1742:, who was executed in 1965. In 1955, five Israeli soldiers were captured in a covert operation on the 1328: 1078:, an Iranian-Canadian freelance photographer, was found to show obvious signs of torture, including a 4438:"Allegations of West Bank Torture Increase." Financial Times. 21 November 2010. Web. 5 May 2012. < 2989:"Report of the Special Rapporteur on torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment" 2928: 2888: 2450: 2311: 2033: 1398: 1115: 717: 384:

A Viet Cong prisoner captured in 1967 by the U.S. Army awaits interrogation. He has been placed in a

6081: 3275: 3040: 2065:

wall-standing, hooding, subjection to noise, deprivation of sleep, and deprivation of food and drink

6620: 6142: 4416:"West Bank: Reports of Torture in Palestinian Detention." UNHCR. 20 October 2010. Web. 5 May 2012. 2988: 2538: 2504: 2486:, a crackdown on alleged plotters resulted in accusations of torture by those arrested. During the 2475: 2253: 1881: 1636: 1202: 478: 291: 283: 5219: 5200: 3220:"Torturado pela Ditadura Militar ainda bebê, filho de jornalista Dermi Azevedo morre em São Paulo" 2724:

Bush, the Detainees, and the Constitution: The Battle over Presidential Power in the War on Terror

1711:

ruled Spain. Such abuses continued into the 1970s and included severe beatings and waterboarding.

4249:"Torture and ill-treatment: Israel's Interrogation of Palestinians from the Occupied Territories" 1849: 1288:

estimated that 85% of all Palestinian detainees suspected of terrorism were subject to prolonged

1236: 1169: 713: 623:, bringing together the experience of "Les Paras" in the Indo-China War and German troops in the 583:

reported extensive torture in 2002. Torture by US troops has been alleged in news reports by the

435: 404:. During the 1980s wars in Central America, the U.S. government provided manuals and training on 338: 48: 6527: 6118: 6094: 5966: 5945: 5927: 5269: 5174: 4319: 4156:"Israel and the Occupied Territories: Mass detention in cruel, inhuman and degrading conditions" 4119:"Revise Your Syllabi: Israeli Supreme Court Upholds Authorization for Torture and Ill-Treatment" 2252:

would give some indications as to why they were given 'wrong evidence'. Earlier this month, the

1385:

Systematic torture was used in conjunction with military occupation in an attempt to quell anti-

886:

and the civilian population. The French interrogators were notorious for the use of man-powered

6593: 2571: 2207: 1585: 1545: 1519: 1414: 869: 3863: 2229:

into the death of Baha Mousa in which "no stone unturned in investigating his tragic death."

1168:

that would have had Iran joining the international convention on banning torture in 2003 when

6307: 5972: 5951: 5933: 5714: 4844: 4824: 4804: 4777: 4736: 4403:"Justices Say Palestinian Authority Can't Be Sued Over Torture." Allvoices. Web. 5 May 2012. 4033: 3365: 3103: 2783: 2487: 2337: 2115: 1844: 1652: 1449: 1264: 1260: 1199: 1095: 1051: 955: 736: 624: 544: 179: 171: 150: 6440: 2776: 1856:. In June 2022, Thitisan was convicted of suspect killing and sentenced to a life in prison. 1553: 1061:

A substantial number of Iranians have been tortured and imprisoned by the religious police.

454:

reports that planes associated with rendition have landed repeatedly in Poland and Romania.

6202: 5635: 4003: 3438: 3382:"Viols, vols, violences: neuf enquêtes visent des policiers du commissariat de Saint-Denis" 2467: 2444: 1707:

Torture was widespread against dissidents and those associated with them in the years that

1352:

guerrillas, their families and Lebanese civilian internees were previously detained in the

1066: 1033: 975: 887: 673: 659: 420: 6026: 5540:"Thailand authorities shut down Amnesty International torture talk with threats of arrest" 3644: 3099: 2459: 1549: 8: 5059:"Fourth periodic report on Spain in the 29th session of the UN Committee Against Torture" 4906: 4752: 4289: 3010:, Amnesty International USA, AI Index AFR 12/002/2002 – News Service Nr.60, 5 April 2002. 2630: 2596: 2389: 2358: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2001: 1676: 1293: 911: 902: 768: 616: 6046: 4941: 4882: 4364: 3258: 2831: 2764: 1340:

during their uprising in the 1950s, along with 58 people of European and Asian descent.

251:

military officials from other right-wing Latin American countries in their techniques.

6601: 6038: 5167: 3944: 3662: 3245: 2546: 2523: 2471: 2470:. Lusinchi was jailed for two months in 1952 and was beaten with a sword. According to 2385: 2346: 2165: 2085: 1353: 1240: 1239:, Kuwait's ambassador to the United States, and that the story was the creation of the 1219: 1206: 1055: 879: 695: 643: 580: 537: 451: 450:

in Thailand (until 2004), Afghanistan, and several unnamed Eastern European countries.

230: 158: 6923: 6246:"This think piece is about the law produced and invoked by his death." Gerry Simpson, 5092:

Human Rights Watch False Freedom Online Censorship in the Middle East and North Africa

4339: 2334:

that had been sanctioned by the U.S. Executive branch of government at Cabinet level.

6945: 6894: 6861: 6691: 6501: 6422: 6412: 6294: 5986:"Prisoners in Northern Ireland 'subjected to waterboarding by British army officers'" 5798: 5275: 5271:

Studies in Contemporary Jewry : Volume X: Reshaping the Past: Jewish History ...

5178: 5011: 4977: 4594: 4590: 4417: 4191: 4138: 3978: 3716: 3659:"Iran: Farzad Kamangar, teacher trade unionist at risk of execution (part 1) Act Now" 3462: 2842: 2728: 2701: 2660: 2515:

prosecute and punish all acts of torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment".

2366: 2327: 1913: 1852:

to write in a medical report that the cause of Jeerapong's death was methamphetamine

1836: 1802: 1787: 1732: 1680: 1333: 1289: 1252: 1192: 1122: 1099: 1090:

activist, was tortured for confession before being executed. Zeynab Jalalian, also a

916: 793: 207: 143: 5036: 4863: 4267:

Committee Against Torture, Twentieth session, 4–22 May 1998, A/53/44, paras.232–242.

3490: 3480:"ACHR's actions against torture and other forms of human rights violations in India" 3294:"Concentration camps and forced labor: China's repression of the Uighurs, explained" 2519: 2511: 1205:

holds thousands of people in prison. After investigating from July to October 2004,

950:

inspection of police. These repeated abuses are said to be one of the causes of the

788:

in Chile in the 1970s used torture extensively against political opponents. Chile's

446:

reported — citing administration sources — that such facilities are operated by the

6950: 6929: 6556: 5591:"Draft Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand 2016 Unofficial English Translation" 4586: 4576: 4218: 4181: 4130: 4097: 3125: 2924: 2795: 2331: 2320: 2093: 2025: 1952: 1820:

A bill to prevent torture and enforced disappearance will be put before Thailand's

1762: 1754:, many Israeli prisoners said that they had been tortured by Syrians, and one POW, 1708: 1692: 1507: 1474: 1317: 1173: 785: 519: Extraordinary renditions allegedly have been carried out from these countries 416: 183: 23: 3323: 2875: 1121:

In a study of torture in Iran published in 1999, Iranian-born political historian

1058:, have complained that torture is frequently used on political prisoners in Iran. 6513:

Dana Priest and Barton Gellman, "U.S. Decries Abuse but Defends Interrogations",

6473: 6374: 6333: 6314: 6254: 6165: 6125: 6101: 6065: 5226: 5207: 5045: 4948: 4870: 4784: 4664: 4346: 4186: 4169: 3870: 3848: 3681: 3055: 3007: 2911: 2838: 2802: 2639: 2605: 2245: 2072: 2056: 2047:, fourteen arrested men were subjected to a programme of "deep interrogation" at 1840: 1305: 1107: 1070: 835: 607:

article 41-bis prison regime in solitary confinement and deprived of halal food.

443: 431: 393: 385: 211: 199: 146:

and is illegal in most countries. However, it is still used by many governments.

6441:"Rubber stamping violations in the 'war on terror': Congress fails human rights" 6158: 4581: 4564: 5675: 5491:"Under Pressure, Amnesty International Cancels Briefing on Torture in Thailand" 4764: 4753:"UN Committee against Torture Must Get Commitments From Russia to Stop Torture" 3923: 2463: 2454: 2428: 2408: 2296: 2249: 2226: 2076:

depression, hallucinations, disorientation and repeated loss of consciousness.

1751: 1615:, when electric wires are connected to the straps of their bra on their chest. 1612: 1567: 1431: 1188: 1165: 1111: 1103: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1062: 999: 797: 629: 584: 6672: 6670: 5760:

Web of Deceit: Britain's Real Foreign Policy: Britain's Real Role in the World

4715: 4222: 4134: 2491: 2217:

In March 2008, the Ministry of Defence admitted breaching the human rights of

6939: 6898: 6865: 6804: 6426: 5015: 4981: 4694:"Russian Federation Preliminary briefing to the UN Committee against Torture" 4598: 4142: 3924:

Iran: Guardian Council turns down Majlis bills on women's rights, torture ban

3777:

Iranian Journalist Recalls Torture, Sharing Cell With Supreme Leader (To Be)

2780:'Rendition' and secret detention: A global system of human rights violations" 2576: 2559: 2531: 2527: 2299:

Justin Volpe was sentenced to thirty years in prison for sodomizing detainee

2089: 2081: 1921: 1889: 1853: 1755: 1743: 1724: 1688: 1563: 1369:

In 2005, Human Rights Watch documented that Nigerian police in the cities of

1337: 1232: 1209:

found that torture was "routine and commonplace." According to their report,

938: 789: 620: 603: 405: 397: 222: 175: 6409:

The United States and torture : interrogation, incarceration, and abuse

6282: 6270: 6218: 6189: 4261:"Concluding observations of the Committee against Torture: Israel. 18/05/98" 3676: 3202: 380: 6667: 6625: 6143:"British soldiers who abused Iraqis are jailed and dismissed from the Army" 6059:"The Hooded Men – joint press release from CAJ and the Pat Finucane Centre" 6012:

This Side of Silence: Human Rights, Torture, and the Recognition of Cruelty

4276: 4248: 4195: 3039:. National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons. 1984. Archived from 2300: 2142: 2108: 2029: 2021: 2009: 2005: 1944: 1909: 1594: 1559:

Torture as a penalty was abolished after the fall of the communist regime.

1390: 1075: 995: 991: 930: 849: 709: 226: 203: 192: 6649:"Jaime Lusinchi, who overcame political imprisonment and torture under..." 4894: 933:

remains a reality in France today, while France has been condemned by the

5856: 5619: 2241: 1799:"Make Him Speak by Tomorrow": Torture and other Ill-Treatment in Thailand 1738:

A number of captured Israelis have been tortured in Syria. This includes

1727:

in Palmyra was known for harsh conditions, extensive human rights abuse,

1632: 1394: 1378: 1285: 1185: 1134: 959: 596: 576: 5450:

Make Him Speak by Tomorrow": Torture and other Ill-Treatment in Thailand

4102: 4085: 3958: 822:

Torture is reportedly used as part of the indoctrination process at the

739:, were involved in interrogating detainees in relation to the events of 5076: 4379:"Supreme Court Finds Palestinian Authority Immune From Torture Lawsuit" 3959:"The New Iraq? Torture and ill-treatment of detainees in Iraqi custody" 2222: 2218: 2169: 2067:. For seven days, when not being interrogated, the detainees were kept 1936:

One of the detainees who was tortured during the Mau Mau rebellion was

1925: 1535: 525: Detainees have allegedly been transported through these countries 510: 439: 352: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 221:

A recent approach to interrogations has been to use techniques such as

215: 6854:"Record levels of assault, abduction and torture reported in Zimbabwe" 6095:"You have tarnished the reputation of the Army and the British nation" 6082:

Charge sheet for trial by court-marshal. The Queen v. Donald Payne ...

6058: 5566:"Amnesty calls off launch of Thai torture report after police warning" 3631:"Arya Aramnejad: Iranian singer imprisoned, tortured because of songs" 3208:(Report). Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry. 23 November 2011. 2369:, a retired judge, who was responsible for reviewing practices at the 2350:, and creating a parallel legal system below international standards. 6327:"Volpe receives 30-year sentence for sodomy in Louima brutality case" 6180:

2005 UKHL 71 on appeal from: EWCA Civ 1123. Retrieved 4 August 2008.

5745:

Histories of the Hanged: The Dirty War in Kenya and the End of Empire

2315: 1829: 1739: 1672: 1386: 1349: 1126: 665: 655: 401: 234: 166:

repression and deterrence against dissent and community empowerment.

6203:"Colonel and three of his men cleared over abuse of detained Iraqis" 5583: 4358: 3534:

Tortured Confessions: Prisons and Public Recantations in Modern Iran

1675:

era to extract (often false) confessions from suspects often called

457: 327: 37: 5399:. United Nations Committee Against Torture. 20 June 2014. p. 2 4730:"ROUGH JUSTICE: The law and human rights in the Russian Federation" 4519: 4440:

http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/c5ceda42-f58b-11df-99d6-00144feab49a.html

2204: 1747: 1608: 1599: 1453: 1301: 987: 979: 840:

People imprisoned by the communist regime are reportedly tortured.

801: 5893:"Sins of colonialists lay concealed for decades in secret archive" 5875:"Kenya: UK expresses regret over abuse as Mau Mau promised payout" 5774:"Kenya: UK expresses regret over abuse as Mau Mau promised payout" 5370:"Germany arrests two Syrians suspected of crimes against humanity" 2976:"A petition demanding the end of torture against Imam Genci Balla" 2526:, one of the headquarters and prisons of SEBIN, has been used for 497: 6351:"Torture behind bars: right here in the United States of America" 5419:"Thailand leaves legal loophole for torture, disappearances – UN" 4665:"Lithuania and Romania complicit in CIA torture - European court" 4277:"Rest in Pieces: Police Torture and Deaths in Custody in Nigeria" 3579:

Iran: Imprisonment, Torture, and Execution of Political Prisoners

2304: 2068: 2028:, there were instances of British security forces, including the 1728: 1043: 990:). Thousands of victims were tortured and murdered. For example, 963: 677: 568: 187: 135: 5794:

Imperial Reckoning: The Untold Story of Britain's Gulag in Kenya

5676:"Joe Ferrari: Ex-Thai police chief convicted of suspect killing" 5538:

Cochrane, Liam; Vimonsuknopparat, Supattra (28 September 2016).

4639:"Romania: former communist-era prison boss on trial for torture" 668:" carried out in the 1970s, in particular, but not only, by the 6788:"Un calabozo macabro". Univision. 2015. Retrieved 28 July 2015. 6027:"Amnesty calls on Irish government to reopen 'hooded men' case" 4418:> <http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4cc51c7fc.html> 3001:"Angola: A new cease-fire – a new opportunity for human rights" 1877: 1876:

In April 2009, a video emerged of a United Arab Emirates Royal

1808:

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

1746:

and brutally tortured in a Syrian prison. One of the soldiers,

1679:. One of the most prevalent and effective types of torture was 1603: 920: 6043:"Government asks European court to revise 'Hooded Men' ruling" 6039:"State to apply to have 'Hooded Men' judgment revised by ECHR" 5715:"ABC News Exclusive: Torture Tape Implicates UAE Royal Sheikh" 4970:"Judge to investigate Franco-era crimes against Spanish women" 3749:"Urgent action: Stop the Execution of Iranian-Kurdish Student" 3352: 2416:

torture throughout the investigative process cannot be denied.

2326:

In 2003 and 2004, there was substantial controversy over the "

814:

Human rights in the People's Republic of China § Torture

6754: 6752: 6306:

Volpe pleaded guilty and was sentenced to 30 years in prison.

5598:

Office of the United Nations Resident Coordinator in Thailand

4264: 3022:, Amnesty International Index: AFR 12/002/1998, 1 April 1998. 2479: 2146: 1664: 1374: 1370: 1357: 1227:

Despite apparently credible claims that people were fed into

853: 572: 543:

The use of torture is geographically widespread. A review by

238: 4158:, Amnesty International Index: MDE 15/074/2002, 23 May 2002. 3439:"Anita, expulsable, accuse un policier de tentative de viol" 2889:"In U.S. Report, Brutal Details of 2 Afghan Inmates' Deaths" 1082:, broken nose, signs of rape and severe abdominal bruising. 720:

point to the widespread use of torture in Bahraini prisons.

6544:

Report of the Special Rapporteur on the question of torture

6047:"Hooded Men: Irish government bid to reopen 'torture' case" 4520:"TORTYUR: Human Rights Violations During The Marcos Regime" 4061: 4057:"It's now (even more) official: torture is legal in Israel" 3645:"Document – Iran: Death penalty/ torture and ill-treatment" 2950:"Inside Albania's notorious gulag: Spac's legacy of terror" 2293: 1964:

On 22 November 1954, Colonel Arthur Young sent a letter to

1668: 1157: 747:

have attributed the deaths of five individuals to torture.

6749: 3366:"2004 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices in France" 2860:"I was one of the Taliban's torturers: I crucified people" 2832:"International responsibility for a human rights disaster" 2816:"Psychiatric center treats victims of Afghanistan torture" 2770: 2482:

were used as tools to persecute dissenters. Following the

1191:

made extensive use of torture, including at the notorious

856:

secret police, against suspected opponents of the regime.

6652: 6029:. BBC News. 24 November 2014. Retrieved 12 December 2014. 5517:"Thailand: Report on torture by junta 'still unverified'" 5396:

Concluding observations on the initial report of Thailand

3605:

Situation of Human Rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran

3592:

Situation of Human Rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran

3276:"Torture still widespread in China, says UN investigator" 3020:"Angola: Extrajudicial executions and torture in Cabinda" 2765:"Statement on U.S. Secret Detention Facilities in Europe" 1892: 1696: 1144:

Torture techniques used in the Islamic Republic include:

983: 790:

National Commission on Political Imprisonment and Torture

672:

from 1976 to 1983, tens of thousands of Argentines were "

531: Detainees have allegedly arrived in these countries 506: 447: 5537: 5220:

Syria returns the body of a soldier captured in Damascus

5201:

Syria returns the body of a soldier captured in Damascus

3078:"Bahrain: Investigate Torture Claims Against Ex-Officer" 2876:"Afghanistan: Torture and Political Repression in Herat" 2541:, more than 290 cases of torture were documented by the 2534:

and prison cells are set at near-freezing temperatures.

2225:

announced in the House of Commons that there would be a

1951:. One British settler described an interrogation by the 1050:

Nonetheless, human rights groups and observers, such as

6528:"US accused of holding terror suspects on prison ships" 6456:, UN High Commission for Human Rights, 27 October 2006. 5319:"Noam Lanir plans to float Empire Online at $ 1b value" 3545: 3203:

Report of the Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry

2665:

A Miracle, A Universe: Settling Accounts with Torturers

2494:, human rights in Venezuela deteriorated. By 2009, the 1667:

during the early days of the Red Army, followed by the

1464:, but the Supreme Court ultimately ruled against them. 1156:

International, reports that the widespread practice of

919:, subsequently taken over by the United States) and at 6570:"The envoy silenced after telling undiplomatic truths" 4539:"Worse than death: Torture methods during martial law" 3711: 3709: 3459:

The Blindfold's eyes: My journey from torture to truth

1235:. Years later it emerged that she was the daughter of 796:, who was held along with her mother at the notorious 142:(UDHR), which prohibited it. Torture is prohibited by 5911:"Inside Castlereagh: 'We got confessions by torture'" 5142:. Intelligence Quarterly. 2 July 2011. Archived from 2678:"Operation Condor: Clandestine Inter-American System" 1635:; however, it is widely practiced, as in the case of 1300:. In January 2000, B'Tselem claimed that the Israeli 1251:

In 1987, Israel became the only country in the world

426:

The United States government has, at least since the

6562: 4895:"Human Rights Watch World Report 2003: Saudi Arabia" 3789: 4211:

Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies

4123:

Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies

3706: 3350: 700:

Torture during the Bahraini uprising (2011–present)

678:

National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons

62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 6928:is available for free viewing and download at the 6775: 6773: 6308:"Policeman in torture case changes plea to guilty" 6014:. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011. pp.34-35 5730:Britain's gulag: the brutal end of empire in Kenya 5166: 5088: 4237:Legislation allowing for the use of physical force 3792:"Iran court quashes death sentence in 'porn' case" 1304:'s (GSS) methods of interrogation amounted to the 5004:"Facing His Torturer as Spain Confronts Its Past" 4462:"Gaza: Arbitrary Arrests, Torture, Unfair Trials" 3696:"Ehsan Fattahian was Hanged this Morning in Iran" 3693: 3092: 676:" by the junta, many never to be seen again. The 458:Recent instances of torture in selected countries 6937: 6119:"Exposed: soldier at the centre of Army's shame" 5854: 3312: 2758: 2632:End impunity: Justice for the victims of torture 1413:Torture is widespread and used with impunity in 1243:public relations firm employed by the Kuwaitis. 1172:controlled Parliament, but were rejected by the 6770: 6546:, UN Commission on Human Rights, February 2003. 6467:"The Rule against Torture as a Legal Archetype" 6288: 6072:. 24 November 2014. Retrieved 12 December 2014. 5727: 5169:A voice called : stories of Jewish heroism 4932:Alexander Solzhenitsyn. "The Gulag Archipelago" 3684:| Updated 16 November 2005. Retrieved 05/05/12 3353:"Stiftung Gedenkstätte Berlin-Hohenschönhausen" 3145: 3143: 1867:Torture in Turkey § Torture after March 12 1580:Human rights in Russia § Torture and abuse 6406: 6087: 5742: 4270: 3933: 3917: 3603:United Nations (Economic and Social Council), 3590:United Nations (Economic and Social Council), 3526: 3246:"Chile: World Report, Human Rights Watch 2005" 3070: 2982: 6690:. Penguin Books: New York. pp. 182–194. 6549: 5962: 5960: 5294:"Golan's capital turns into heap of stones". 5213: 4254: 3053: 3047: 2881: 2852: 2749:"CIA Holds Terror Suspects in Secret Prisons" 2522:, torture in Venezuela increased further. In 890:on suspects: this form of torture was called 272:The examples and perspective in this article 6022: 6020: 5288: 3731:"HRW calls for political prisoner's release" 3477: 3370:Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor 3140: 3118: 2994: 2654: 2625: 2623: 2509:United Nations Special Rapporteur on Torture 2403:After an investigating visit to Uzbekistan, 1047:the existence of torture by the government. 966:, in the suburbs of Paris, the year before. 627:. One of the most notorious methods was the 254: 6646: 6614: 6612: 6526:Duncan Campbell and Richard Norton-Taylor, 6300: 5850: 5848: 5846: 5757: 5600:. United Nations. June 2016. Archived from 4229: 3951: 3913:Chronicle of Higher Education International 2789: 2340:and numerous commentators have accused the 1980:In January 1955, Baring sent a telegram to 1663:Torture was widely practiced by the brutal 6384: 6343: 6070:Committee on the Administration of Justice 5957: 5939: 5921: 5658:"Thailand: Drug Suspect Tortured to Death" 5625: 5470:. Amnesty International. 28 September 2016 5173:. Jerusalem, : Gefen Publishing. pp. 5114:"Syria urged to transfer female prisoners" 4704: 4488:West Bank/Gaza: Stop Harassing Journalists 4359:Recent publications Highlighted research. 4340:"War Crimes: The Cuban-Vietnam Connection" 4242: 4168:Schiemann, John Wilson (30 October 2019). 1437: 1329:Mau Mau Uprising § Mau Mau war crimes 6688:Comandante : Hugo Chavez's Venezuela 6201:Steven Morris and Richard Norton-Taylor, 6017: 5465:"Thailand: Torture victims must be heard" 5140:"Syria: Mukhabarat and the desert prison" 5075:Committee for the Prevention of Torture, 4770: 4688: 4686: 4580: 4208: 4185: 4167: 4149: 4116: 4101: 3013: 2825: 2693: 2670: 2620: 2496:Inter-American Commission on Human Rights 1815:United Nations Convention against Torture 1298:United Nations Convention Against Torture 745:Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry 549:United Nations Convention Against Torture 408:that extended to the use of torture (see 368:Learn how and when to remove this message 310:Learn how and when to remove this message 182:, claim of "overriding need", the use of 122:Learn how and when to remove this message 6887:"Inside Zimbabwe's secret torture camps" 6827:"Venezuela: Suspected Plotters Tortured" 6621:"Obituary: General Marcos Pérez Jiménez" 6609: 5843: 5626:Saengpassa, Chularat (5 December 2018). 5514: 5367: 4942:"Stalin's torture: 'Beat them to death'" 4825:"A profession: to mop up the Motherland" 4778:"Terrible dedovshchina in General Staff" 4320:"KOREA, Democratic People's Republic of" 3669: 3351:S.Reiprich, S.Bauer (21 November 2012). 3238: 3056:"Is the UK facing up to Bahrain's past?" 2905:"Coldstream Guards Find torture Chamber" 2841:, Amnesty International, November 1995. 2741: 2611: 2500:United Nations Committee Against Torture 1781: 1685:Central Committee of the Communist Party 994:, an American nun who was teaching poor 939:Inspector General of the National Police 780:Military dictatorship of Chile (1973–90) 496: 379: 6851: 6619:Ledezma, Eurídice (21 September 2001). 6618: 6486:"Detainee Tortured, Says U.S. Official" 6411:. New York: New York University Press. 6360: 6049:(BBC News). Retrieved 12 December 2014. 5857:"British Mau Mau abuse papers revealed" 5132: 5001: 4883:"Saudi Arabia: New Evidence Of Torture" 4837: 4817: 4797: 4755:, Human Rights Watch, 13 November 2006. 4735:. Amnesty International. Archived from 4722: 4714:. Amnesty International. Archived from 4363:. Amnesty International. Archived from 4282: 3687: 3197: 3195: 3193: 3100:"Bahrain Sa'id 'Abd al-Rasul al-Iskafi" 3025: 2869: 2598:Combating torture – a manual for action 1908:During the 1950's, a rebellion against 1871: 410:U.S. Army and CIA interrogation manuals 149:Torture is widely practiced worldwide: 6938: 6647:Cumberbatch, Nigel (2 February 1984). 6588: 6586: 6584: 6582: 6259:Melbourne Journal of International Law 5797:. Henry Holt and Company. p. 87. 5790: 5563: 5453:. London: Amnesty International. 2016. 5316: 4758: 4683: 4562: 4083: 3771: 3162:Bahrain Youth Society for Human Rights 3080:. Human Rights Watch. 16 December 2002 2878:, Human Rights Watch, 5 November 2002. 2808: 2767:, Human Rights Watch, 7 November 2005. 2532:Bright lights are continuously left on 1699:but not on the same extent and level. 1434:for accounts of US torture practices. 600:People's Socialist Republic of Albania 153:received reports of torture or cruel, 6798:Smith, Marie-Danielle (30 May 2018). 6797: 6190:"'Historic' abuse court martial ends" 6168:, BBC News, London, 21 February 2005. 5274:Oxford University. 29 December 1994. 5158: 4967: 4885:, Human Rights Watch 5 February 2002. 4746: 4537:Hapal, Don Kevin (23 February 2016). 4536: 3647:. Amnesty International. 30 May 2008. 3291: 2914:, Ministry of Defence, 11 March 2008. 2700:. Penguin Random House South Africa. 2330:" methods that were used in the U.S. 2272:Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse 2212:International Criminal Court Act 2001 2051:. The interrogation methods involved 1813:Thailand has been a signatory to the 1336:inflicted torture and death on 1,819 140:Universal Declaration of Human Rights 28:Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse 6685: 5973:Chapter 9: Down on the Killing Floor 5867: 5564:Holmes, Oliver (28 September 2016). 5488: 5164: 4920:"South African must end torture now" 4303:"Church burns 'witchcraft' children" 3790:Saeed Kamali Dehghan (6 June 2011). 3263:Human Rights Watch World Report 2006 3190: 2720: 2484:1992 Venezuelan coup d'état attempts 1629:officially considers torture illegal 1040:constitution of the Islamic Republic 461: 350:adding citations to reliable sources 321: 258: 163:collective memory and reconciliation 60:adding citations to reliable sources 31: 6579: 6271:"MoD to admit breach on Mousa case" 6219:"UK soldier jailed over Iraq abuse" 5819:"rof-Elkins-3rd-Statement--Exhibit" 5515:Constant, Max (29 September 2016). 5368:Connolly, Kate (13 February 2019). 4486:Human Rights Watch (6 April 2011). 3842:"Iran: Student Leader Dies in Jail" 3817:"هرانا؛ حسین خضری اعدام شد/ تکمیلی" 3723: 3478:Suhas Chakma, ed. (19 March 2010). 2427:family members." (For example, see 2128:European Convention on Human Rights 2120:European Commission of Human Rights 2024:, an ethno-nationalist conflict in 2015: 1826:Department of Special Investigation 1562:From 2003 through 2005, during the 1492: 1462:Palestinian Liberation Organization 13: 6852:Allison, Simon (28 October 2016). 6231:"Timeline: Road to military trial" 5855:Dominic Casciani (12 April 2011). 5743:David Anderson (23 January 2013). 5628:"Bill on torture to go before NLA" 4765:"The Consequences of Dedovshchina" 3637: 3516:"Cabinet clears anti-torture bill" 3320:"Cuba: Torture of women prisoners" 3151:Human Price of Freedom and Justice 2991:, U.N. Commission on Human Rights. 2694:Potgieter, De Wet (16 June 2014). 2284:Criticisms of the War on Terrorism 2092:, and psychological abuse such as 2036:(RUC), using torture on suspected 1776:Human rights in Thailand § Torture 1611:rape and torture local women with 1253:where torture was considered legal 1133:, and early modern Europe" of the 899:Death Squadrons: The French School 755:Torture was used regularly by the 388:by tying a board between his arms. 134:This article describes the use of 14: 6962: 6916: 6295:"MPs 'misled' over interrogation" 6159:"Judge says 'put aside sympathy'" 5747:. W. W. Norton. pp. 150–154. 4907:"World Report 2006: Saudi Arabia" 4615:. 9 February 2018. Archived from 4117:Ben-Natan, Smadar (9 June 2019). 3457:Dianna Ortiz and Patricia Davis, 3128:. Human Rights Watch. 1 June 1997 2405:United Nations Special Rapporteur 2280:Enhanced interrogation techniques 2276:Bagram torture and prisoner abuse 1898: 1444:Torture in the State of Palestine 1292:; prolonged sight deprivation or 1229:Saddam Hussein's plastic shredder 575:region, dominated by the warlord 562:Bagram torture and prisoner abuse 202:also engage in it. These include 6879: 6845: 6819: 6791: 6782: 6761: 6740: 6731: 6722: 6713: 6704: 6679: 6640: 6537: 6520: 6507: 6495: 6479: 6459: 6446: 6433: 6400: 6320: 6276: 6264: 6240: 6224: 6212: 6195: 6183: 6171: 6152: 6135: 6111: 6075: 6052: 6032: 6004: 5978: 5903: 5885: 5811: 5784: 5766: 5751: 5736: 5721: 5707: 5686: 5668: 5650: 5557: 5531: 5508: 5489:Ives, Mike (28 September 2016). 5482: 5457: 5441: 5411: 5387: 5361: 5349: 5336: 5310: 5301: 5262: 5232: 5194: 5106: 5082: 5069: 5051: 5029: 4995: 4961: 4935: 4926: 4912: 4900: 4888: 4876: 4857: 4657: 4631: 4605: 4556: 4530: 4517: 4511: 4493: 4480: 4349:, National Alliance of Families. 4279:, Human Rights Watch, July 2005. 4251:, Human Rights Watch, June 1994. 3779:Radio Free Europe 3 August 2010 3550:. Iranonline.com. Archived from 3340:. Human Rights Watch. June 1999. 2342:Military Commissions Act of 2006 2259: 1774:This section is an excerpt from 1421: 915:) – an island off Vietnam (then 800:detention center in the capital 465: 326: 263: 36: 20:Military Commissions Act of 2006 5971:by John McGuffin (1974, 1981). 5950:by John McGuffin (1974, 1981). 5932:by John McGuffin (1974, 1981). 4563:Duarte, Anabela (Winter 2015). 4454: 4445: 4432: 4423: 4410: 4397: 4371: 4352: 4333: 4312: 4295: 4290:"Ogoni: The Struggle Continues" 4202: 4161: 4110: 4077: 4049: 4018: 3988: 3964: 3905: 3892: 3879: 3857: 3835: 3809: 3783: 3741: 3698:. Mideast Youth. Archived from 3651: 3623: 3610: 3597: 3584: 3571: 3558: 3539: 3508: 3471: 3451: 3432: 3413: 3394: 3375: 3359: 3344: 3330: 3285: 3268: 3252: 3212: 3172: 3158:Bahrain Centre for Human Rights 3126:"Routine abuse, routine denial" 3054:Jon Silverman (16 April 2003). 2968: 2942: 2917: 2898: 2543:Organization of American States 2363:Guantanamo military commissions 2314:'s Area 2 unit under Commander 2240:in 2004 and Lieutenant-General 2234:Joint Committee on Human Rights 2136: 2103:commissioned an inquiry, under 1658: 1646: 1622: 1570:where prisoners were tortured. 1415:North Korea's system of prisons 1405:Church has refused to comment. 866:Torture during the Algerian War 843: 337:needs additional citations for 138:since the adoption of the 1948 47:needs additional citations for 6178:House of Lords Session 2005–06 6117:Ian Herbert and Kim Sengupta, 5425:. 1 March 2017. Archived from 4968:Jones, Sam (26 October 2018). 4873:, Amnesty International, 2003. 4864:"AI Report 2003: Saudi Arabia" 3864:"In Memory of Akbar Mohammadi" 3819:. Hra-news.net. Archived from 3403:(What are the police up to?), 2727:. University Press of Kansas. 2714: 2687: 2645: 2589: 2303:with the handle of a bathroom 2236:accused Armed Forces Minister 2124:European Court of Human Rights 2090:whipping the soles of the feet 2061:European Court of Human Rights 1931:UN Declaration of Human Rights 1916:broke out, spearheaded by the 1501: 1408: 1076:Zahra "Ziba" Kazemi-Ahmadabadi 935:European Court of Human Rights 555: 155:inhuman or degrading treatment 1: 6557:Uzbekistan, World Report 2001 6283:"Timeline: Iraqi abuse trial" 5317:Yemini, Galya (25 May 2005). 5240:"אורי אילן – מסר נוסף בפתקים" 5002:Yardley, Jim (6 April 2014). 4501:"Torture as Theatre in Papua" 3975:Toxic Sludge Is Good for You 3940:Iran: Ban on Torture Rejected 3755:. 18 May 2011. Archived from 3461:, Maryknoll, New York, 2002. 3420:"Vies gâchées dans les cités" 3338:"Cuba's Repressive Machinery" 3037:(Never Again) CONADEP Report" 2582: 2398: 2371:Guantanamo Bay detention camp 2266:Torture and the United States 2159:Judge Advocate Michael Hunter 2145:camp called Bread Basket, in 2055:and were referred to as the " 2049:a secret interrogation centre 1822:National Legislative Assembly 1154:Chronicle of Higher Education 1017:Asian Centre for Human Rights 505: The U.S. and suspected 245: 6407:Cohn, Marjorie, ed. (2012). 6391:"Torture Policy" (Editorial) 5762:. VINTAGE. pp. 324–330. 5732:. Pimlico. pp. 124–145. 5694:"ABC revealed torture movie" 4805:"The entire city was beaten" 4518:Chua, Michael Charleston B. 4490:. Retrieved 27 January 2013. 4292:, World Council of Churches. 4187:10.7146/torture.v29i2.116127 4084:Ballas, Irit (August 2020). 3548:"3-The Rights of the People" 3546:Manou & Associates Inc. 3407:, Paris, 14 September 2005. 3182:. Al Jazeera. Archived from 3166:Bahrain Human Rights Society 2866:, London, 30 September 2005. 2849:> AI Index: ASA/11/09/95. 2438: 1592:Torture and humiliation, or 1110:, Shirkoh (Bahman) Moarefi, 969: 876:Algerian War of Independence 649: 7: 6594:"Human Rights in Venezuela" 6368:"Torture in Maine's prison" 6209:, London, 15 February 2007. 6149:, London, 26 February 2005. 6132:, London, 24 February 2005. 6108:, London, 24 February 2005. 5089:Human Rights Watch (2005). 4955:, Moscow, 16 October 2008. 4909:, Human Rights Watch, 2006. 4897:, Human Rights Watch, 2003. 4811:, Moscow, 10 January 2005. 4767:, Human Rights Watch, 2004. 4712:"Torture and ill-treatment" 4582:10.3998/mp.9460447.0009.101 3388:, Paris, 9 September 2005. 3292:Kirby, Jen (28 July 2020). 3180:"Detainees number is 2,929" 2565: 2553: 2323:wrote "look like torture." 1918:Kenya Land and Freedom Army 1768: 1513: 824:Xinjiang re-education camps 762: 396:, the United States helped 286:, discuss the issue on the 71:"Use of torture since 1948" 10: 6967: 6576:, London, 23 October 2004. 6273:, BBC News, 27 March 2008. 6221:, BBC News, 30 April 2007. 6192:, BBC News, 13 March 2007. 5717:. ABC News. 22 April 2009. 5118:United Press International 4309:, Sydney, 20 October 2009. 3735:United Press International 3426:, Paris, 30 October 2005. 3401:"Mais que fait la Police?" 3282:, London, 3 December 2005. 2442: 2269: 2263: 2174:Chief of the General Staff 1903: 1886:Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan 1864: 1773: 1577: 1566:, Romania hosted a secret 1533: 1529: 1441: 1364: 1343: 1326: 1315: 1125:included Iran along with " 1054:, the United Nations, and 1031: 863: 850:German Democratic Republic 833: 811: 777: 766: 693: 689: 653: 610: 590: 559: 210:, criminal actors such as 17: 6297:, BBC News, 27 July 2008. 6261:. Retrieved 27 July 2008. 6248:"The Death of Baha Mousa" 5934:Chapter 4: The Experiment 5791:Elkins, Caroline (2010). 4851:, Moscow, 25 April 2005. 4831:, Moscow, 17 March 2005. 4591:2027/spo.9460447.0009.101 4239:, January 2000, pp.32,48. 4223:10.1163/18781527-01001008 4135:10.1163/18781527-01001008 3594:(New York, February 1990) 2929:Marxists Internet Archive 2518:During the presidency of 2353:In an interview with the 2312:Chicago Police Department 2034:Royal Ulster Constabulary 1860: 1758:, was tortured to death. 1573: 1399:World Council of Churches 1246: 1184:The government headed by 1164:Several bills passed the 884:National Liberation Front 882:used torture against the 859: 750: 636: 255:Inter-state collaboration 225:, sexual humiliation and 6476:, Charney Lecture, 2006. 6472:6 September 2006 at the 6237:, London, 15 March 2007. 5899:. London. 18 April 2012. 5728:Caroline Elkins (2005). 5225:21 December 2011 at the 5206:21 December 2011 at the 5044:18 February 2005 at the 4791:, Moscow, 10 July 2006. 4090:Law & Social Inquiry 3977:. Common Courage Press, 3971:Stauber, J., Rampton, S. 3680:"Iran's changing story" 3607:(New York, January 1994) 3445:, Paris, 9 August 2006. 2837:15 February 2009 at the 2805:, Amnesty International. 2801:20 February 2006 at the 2638:30 December 2013 at the 2539:2017 Venezuelan protests 2505:2014 Venezuelan protests 1882:Issa bin Zayed Al Nahyan 1718: 1702: 1322: 1311: 1302:General Security Service 1010: 807: 773: 733:National Security Agency 547:, which did not use the 6439:Amnesty International, 6285:BBC News, 10 July 2008. 6164:23 October 2005 at the 5210:, Israel Defense Forces 5035:Amnesty International, 4947:20 October 2008 at the 4783:25 January 2008 at the 3694:Fatima (Saudi Arabia). 3577:Amnesty International, 3564:Amnesty International, 3006:29 October 2005 at the 2697:Black Widow White Widow 2629:Amnesty International, 2604:2 December 2012 at the 2595:Amnesty International, 1850:Sawanpracharak Hospital 1438:Palestinian Territories 1284:The human rights group 1276:Amnesty International, 1237:Saud bin Nasir Al-Sabah 1179: 1027: 829: 714:Royal Decree 56 of 2002 436:extraordinary rendition 180:jurisdictional argument 6686:Rory, Carroll (2014). 6534:, London, 2 June 2008. 6381:, 11–17 November 2005. 5881:. London. 5 June 2013. 5780:. London. 5 June 2013. 4845:"Welcome to Fairytale" 4002:. 1999. Archived from 3719:. Canadafreepress.com. 3633:. Features.kodoom.com. 2572:Command responsibility 2424: 2396: 2196: 2162: 1998: 1978: 1962: 1835:On 5 August 2021, the 1797:In a report entitled, 1791: 1586:Constitution of Russia 1546:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej 1279: 1225: 1151: 1042:forbids "all forms of 870:Human rights in France 757:Brazilian dictatorship 687: 664:During the so-called " 540: 536:Amnesty International 389: 6925:I Am Not Alone (1956) 6373:16 March 2006 at the 6332:30 March 2005 at the 6124:13 April 2005 at the 6064:22 March 2016 at the 4776:Vjacheslav Ismailov, 4698:Amnesty International 4034:Amnesty International 3847:11 March 2007 at the 3677:Indepth: Zahra Kazemi 3554:on 27 September 2013. 3248:. Human Rights Watch. 3104:Amnesty International 2910:11 March 2008 at the 2784:Amnesty International 2721:Ball, Howard (2007). 2684:, Winter 1999 v26 i4. 2676:J. Patrice McSherry, 2608:, October 2002, p. 2. 2488:Bolivarian Revolution 2413: 2382: 2338:Amnesty International 2292:On 13 December 1999, 2232:On 26 July 2008, the 2182: 2151: 2038:Irish Republican Army 1993: 1973: 1957: 1953:colonial police force 1940:, the grandfather of 1938:Hussein Onyango Obama 1910:British rule in Kenya 1865:Further information: 1845:Nakhon Sawan Province 1785: 1677:enemies of the people 1653:Amnesty International 1578:Further information: 1534:Further information: 1450:Palestinian Authority 1269: 1265:Amnesty International 1261:Amnesty International 1211: 1146: 1096:Behrouz Javid Tehrani 1052:Amnesty International 1022:torture by the police 888:electrical generators 864:Further information: 812:Further information: 778:Further information: 737:Bahrain Defence Force 694:Further information: 682: 670:military dictatorship 654:Further information: 625:French Foreign Legion 545:Amnesty International 500: 430:, used the tactic of 383: 172:plausible deniability 151:Amnesty International 18:Further information: 6555:Human Rights Watch, 6443:, 27 September 2006. 6253:19 July 2008 at the 6100:5 March 2005 at the 5758:Mark Curtis (2003). 5298:, 10 July 1974, p. 8 5165:Katz, Yossi (2010). 5079:, Council of Europe. 4345:18 July 2008 at the 3996:"Torture by the GSS" 3957:Human Rights Watch, 3900:Tortured Confessions 3887:Tortured Confessions 3869:25 June 2009 at the 3823:on 24 September 2015 3702:on 13 November 2009. 3616:Human Rights Watch, 2820:The Washington Times 2814:Richard S. Ehrlich, 2503:occurred during the 2468:Luis Herrera Campins 2451:Marcos Pérez Jiménez 2445:Torture in Venezuela 2043:In 1971, as part of 1872:United Arab Emirates 1548:, and later that of 1067:2009 Ashura protests 1034:Human rights in Iran 1005:The Blindfold's Eyes 976:Guatemalan civil war 729:Ministry of Interior 660:Torture in Argentina 479:adding missing items 346:improve this article 292:create a new article 284:improve this article 274:may not represent a 56:improve this article 6891:The Daily Telegraph 6574:The Daily Telegraph 6517:, 26 December 2002. 6515:The Washington Post 6490:The Washington Post 6395:The Washington Post 6340:, 13 December 1999. 6317:, CNN, 25 May 1999. 6313:14 May 2006 at the 6235:The Daily Telegraph 5990:www.telegraph.co.uk 5423:Asian Correspondent 4645:. 24 September 2014 4367:on 8 December 2007. 4327:2009-2017.state.gov 4307:The Daily Telegraph 4301:Katharine Houreld, 4103:10.1017/lsi.2020.11 4006:on 15 November 2002 3928:Payvand's Iran News 3168:. 22 November 2011. 3106:. 27 September 1995 3043:on 2 February 2006. 2864:The Daily Telegraph 2753:The Washington Post 2476:Carlos Andrés Pérez 2449:Under the dictator 2359:convening authority 2053:sensory deprivation 2045:Operation Demetrius 2002:Eric Griffith-Jones 1926:concentration camps 1506:During the rule of 1294:sensory deprivation 1259:reform of the law, 1241:Hill & Knowlton 769:Torture in Cameroon 617:Pierre Vidal-Naquet 428:Bush administration 159:political prisoners 6831:Human Rights Watch 6602:Human Rights Watch 6502:Human Rights Watch 6492:, 13 January 2009. 5992:. 22 December 2009 5917:. 11 October 2010. 5831:on 18 October 2017 5662:Human Rights Watch 5638:on 10 January 2023 5495:The New York Times 5120:. 12 November 2010 5008:The New York Times 4869:1 May 2006 at the 4823:Marat Hayrullin, 4619:on 9 February 2018 4569:Music and Politics 4466:Human Rights Watch 4288:Deborah Robinson, 3945:The New York Times 3618:World Report: 1990 3520:The Times of India 3355:. Stiftung-hsh.de. 3226:. 18 February 2013 3186:on 4 October 2012. 2978:. 11 October 2020. 2893:The New York Times 2796:"Denounce Torture" 2755:, 2 November 2005. 2558:The government of 2547:Human Rights Watch 2472:Human Rights Watch 2347:Hamdan v. Rumsfeld 2166:Geneva Conventions 2101:British Government 1792: 1733:summary executions 1687:and personally by 1554:Pitești Experiment 1354:South Lebanon Army 1220:Human Rights Watch 1207:Human Rights Watch 1166:Iranian Parliament 1056:Human Rights Watch 1038:Article 38 of the 696:Torture in Bahrain 581:Human Rights Watch 541: 538:Human Rights Watch 477:; you can help by 452:Human Rights Watch 390: 6697:978-0-14-312488-7 6452:Martin Scheinin, 5952:Chapter 6: Replay 5804:978-1-4299-0029-4 5664:. 26 August 2021. 5607:on 16 August 2016 5184:978-965-229-480-7 4843:Marat Hayrullin, 4803:Marat Hayrullin, 4742:on 25 March 2009. 4718:on 16 April 2009. 3983:978-1-56751-060-7 3948:, 10 January 2003 3405:Marianne en ligne 3326:on 31 March 2009. 2661:Lawrence Weschler 2460:Rómulo Betancourt 2367:Susan J. Crawford 2328:stress and duress 1922:Kikiyu population 1914:Mau Mau rebellion 1681:sleep deprivation 1671:during the early 1641:World Report 2003 1550:Nicolae Ceaușescu 1397:, according to a 1290:sleep deprivation 1193:Abu Ghraib prison 1161:cope with that." 1123:Ervand Abrahamian 1100:Habibollah Latifi 956:detention centers 952:2005 civil unrest 917:French Indo-China 878:(1954–1962), the 848:In the socialist 794:Michelle Bachelet 725:Bahraini uprising 495: 494: 419:co-ordinated the 378: 377: 370: 320: 319: 312: 294:, as appropriate. 144:international law 132: 131: 124: 106: 6958: 6930:Internet Archive 6910: 6909: 6907: 6905: 6883: 6877: 6876: 6874: 6872: 6849: 6843: 6842: 6840: 6838: 6833:. 9 January 2019 6823: 6817: 6816: 6814: 6812: 6795: 6789: 6786: 6780: 6777: 6768: 6765: 6759: 6756: 6747: 6744: 6738: 6735: 6729: 6726: 6720: 6717: 6711: 6708: 6702: 6701: 6683: 6677: 6674: 6665: 6664: 6662: 6660: 6644: 6638: 6637: 6635: 6633: 6616: 6607: 6606: 6598: 6590: 6577: 6566: 6560: 6553: 6547: 6541: 6535: 6524: 6518: 6511: 6505: 6499: 6493: 6483: 6477: 6465:Jeremy Waldron, 6463: 6457: 6450: 6444: 6437: 6431: 6430: 6404: 6398: 6388: 6382: 6379:Portland Phoenix 6364: 6358: 6347: 6341: 6324: 6318: 6304: 6298: 6292: 6286: 6280: 6274: 6268: 6262: 6244: 6238: 6228: 6222: 6216: 6210: 6199: 6193: 6187: 6181: 6175: 6169: 6156: 6150: 6141:Martin Hickman, 6139: 6133: 6115: 6109: 6091: 6085: 6079: 6073: 6056: 6050: 6036: 6030: 6024: 6015: 6008: 6002: 6001: 5999: 5997: 5982: 5976: 5964: 5955: 5943: 5937: 5925: 5919: 5918: 5907: 5901: 5900: 5889: 5883: 5882: 5871: 5865: 5864: 5852: 5841: 5840: 5838: 5836: 5830: 5824:. 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Conditions in 786:Augusto Pinochet 530: 524: 518: 504: 490: 487: 469: 468: 462: 417:Operation Condor 373: 366: 362: 359: 353: 330: 322: 315: 308: 304: 301: 295: 267: 266: 259: 200:non-state actors 184:torture by proxy 127: 120: 116: 113: 107: 105: 64: 40: 32: 24:Alberto Gonzales 6966: 6965: 6961: 6960: 6959: 6957: 6956: 6955: 6936: 6935: 6922:The short film 6919: 6914: 6913: 6903: 6901: 6893:. 10 May 2008. 6885: 6884: 6880: 6870: 6868: 6850: 6846: 6836: 6834: 6825: 6824: 6820: 6810: 6808: 6796: 6792: 6787: 6783: 6778: 6771: 6766: 6762: 6757: 6750: 6745: 6741: 6736: 6732: 6727: 6723: 6718: 6714: 6709: 6705: 6698: 6684: 6680: 6675: 6668: 6658: 6656: 6645: 6641: 6631: 6629: 6617: 6610: 6605:. 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5902: 5884: 5866: 5842: 5810: 5803: 5783: 5765: 5750: 5735: 5720: 5706: 5685: 5682:. 8 June 2022. 5667: 5649: 5618: 5582: 5556: 5530: 5507: 5481: 5456: 5440: 5410: 5386: 5360: 5348: 5335: 5309: 5300: 5287: 5280: 5261: 5250:on 5 June 2011 5231: 5212: 5193: 5183: 5157: 5131: 5105: 5081: 5068: 5050: 5038:AI Report 2004 5028: 4994: 4960: 4934: 4925: 4911: 4899: 4887: 4875: 4856: 4836: 4816: 4796: 4769: 4757: 4745: 4721: 4703: 4682: 4656: 4630: 4604: 4555: 4529: 4510: 4492: 4479: 4453: 4444: 4431: 4422: 4409: 4396: 4370: 4351: 4332: 4311: 4294: 4281: 4269: 4253: 4241: 4228: 4201: 4180:(2): 103–107. 4160: 4148: 4109: 4096:(3): 818–838. 4076: 4048: 4017: 3987: 3963: 3950: 3932: 3916: 3904: 3891: 3878: 3856: 3834: 3808: 3782: 3770: 3759:on 9 July 2011 3740: 3737:. 23 May 2009. 3722: 3705: 3686: 3668: 3650: 3636: 3622: 3609: 3596: 3583: 3570: 3557: 3538: 3525: 3507: 3470: 3450: 3431: 3412: 3393: 3374: 3358: 3343: 3329: 3311: 3284: 3267: 3251: 3237: 3211: 3189: 3171: 3139: 3117: 3091: 3069: 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Méndez 2464:Jaime Lusinchi 2443:Main article: 2440: 2437: 2429:Muzafar Avazov 2421:Theo van Boven 2418: 2409:Theo van Boven 2400: 2397: 2375:Guantanamo Bay 2264:Main article: 2261: 2258: 2250:public inquiry 2227:public inquiry 2187: 2176:, General Sir 2156: 2138: 2135: 2017: 2014: 2000:In June 1957, 1942:U.S. President 1905: 1902: 1900: 1899:United Kingdom 1897: 1873: 1870: 1862: 1859: 1780: 1772: 1770: 1767: 1752:Yom Kippur War 1720: 1717: 1704: 1701: 1660: 1657: 1648: 1645: 1624: 1621: 1575: 1572: 1568:CIA black site 1531: 1528: 1515: 1512: 1503: 1500: 1494: 1491: 1439: 1436: 1432:Con Son Island 1423: 1420: 1410: 1407: 1366: 1363: 1345: 1342: 1327:Main article: 1324: 1321: 1316:Main article: 1313: 1310: 1273: 1248: 1245: 1216: 1189:Saddam Hussein 1181: 1178: 1112:Hossein Khezri 1104:Houshang Asadi 1084:Ehsan Fatahian 1080:skull fracture 1063:Arya Aramnejad 1032:Main article: 1029: 1026: 1012: 1009: 1000:Guatemala City 971: 968: 960:illegal aliens 927:) in Algeria. 861: 858: 845: 842: 834:Main article: 831: 828: 809: 806: 798:Villa Grimaldi 784:The regime of 775: 772: 767:Main article: 764: 761: 752: 749: 691: 688: 651: 648: 638: 635: 612: 609: 592: 589: 585:New York Times 557: 554: 527: 521: 515: 501: 493: 492: 472: 470: 459: 456: 376: 375: 334: 332: 325: 318: 317: 278:of the subject 276:worldwide view 271: 269: 262: 256: 253: 247: 244: 204:paramilitaries 130: 129: 44: 42: 35: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6963: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6944: 6943: 6941: 6931: 6927: 6926: 6921: 6920: 6900: 6896: 6892: 6888: 6882: 6867: 6863: 6859: 6855: 6848: 6832: 6828: 6822: 6807: 6806: 6805:National Post 6801: 6794: 6785: 6776: 6774: 6764: 6755: 6753: 6743: 6734: 6725: 6716: 6707: 6699: 6693: 6689: 6682: 6673: 6671: 6655: 6654: 6650: 6643: 6628: 6627: 6622: 6615: 6613: 6604: 6603: 6595: 6589: 6587: 6585: 6583: 6575: 6571: 6568:Robin Gedye, 6565: 6558: 6552: 6545: 6540: 6533: 6529: 6523: 6516: 6510: 6503: 6498: 6491: 6487: 6482: 6475: 6471: 6468: 6462: 6455: 6449: 6442: 6436: 6428: 6424: 6420: 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2592: 2588: 2578: 2577:Secret police 2575: 2573: 2570: 2569: 2563: 2561: 2560:Robert Mugabe 2551: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2535: 2533: 2529: 2528:white torture 2525: 2521: 2516: 2513: 2510: 2506: 2501: 2497: 2493: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2456: 2452: 2446: 2436: 2432: 2430: 2417: 2412: 2410: 2406: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2351: 2349: 2348: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2333: 2329: 2324: 2322: 2317: 2313: 2308: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2295: 2290: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2267: 2260:United States 2257: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2230: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2215: 2213: 2209: 2206: 2200: 2193: 2186: 2181: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2155: 2150: 2148: 2144: 2134: 2131: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2112: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2097: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2082:waterboarding 2077: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2041: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2013: 2011: 2007: 2003: 1997: 1992: 1989: 1985: 1983: 1977: 1972: 1970: 1969:Evelyn Baring 1967: 1961: 1956: 1954: 1950: 1949:Kamiti Prison 1946: 1943: 1939: 1934: 1932: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1912:known as the 1911: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1868: 1855: 1851: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1818: 1816: 1811: 1809: 1804: 1800: 1795: 1789: 1784: 1777: 1766: 1764: 1759: 1757: 1756:Avraham Lanir 1753: 1749: 1745: 1744:Golan Heights 1741: 1736: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1725:Tadmor Prison 1716: 1712: 1710: 1700: 1698: 1694: 1693:Doctor's Plot 1691:. During the 1690: 1689:Joseph Stalin 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1656: 1654: 1651:According to 1644: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1627:Saudi Arabia 1620: 1616: 1614: 1610: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1596: 1590: 1587: 1581: 1571: 1569: 1565: 1564:War on Terror 1560: 1557: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1537: 1527: 1525: 1521: 1511: 1509: 1499: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1479: 1477: 1476: 1469: 1465: 1463: 1457: 1455: 1451: 1445: 1435: 1433: 1428: 1422:North Vietnam 1419: 1416: 1406: 1402: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1383: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1362: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1341: 1339: 1335: 1330: 1319: 1309: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1282: 1272: 1268: 1266: 1262: 1256: 1254: 1244: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1233:Nurse Nayirah 1230: 1221: 1215: 1210: 1208: 1204: 1201: 1196: 1194: 1190: 1187: 1177: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1162: 1159: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1142: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1119: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1086:, an Iranian 1085: 1081: 1077: 1072: 1068: 1064: 1059: 1057: 1053: 1048: 1045: 1041: 1035: 1025: 1023: 1018: 1008: 1006: 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 967: 965: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 940: 936: 932: 928: 926: 922: 921:Philippeville 918: 914: 913: 908: 904: 903:Monique Robin 900: 895: 893: 889: 885: 881: 877: 871: 867: 857: 855: 851: 841: 837: 827: 825: 820: 815: 805: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 781: 770: 760: 758: 748: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 726: 721: 719: 715: 711: 707: 706:Ian Henderson 701: 697: 686: 681: 679: 675: 671: 667: 661: 657: 647: 646:separatists. 645: 634: 632: 631: 626: 622: 621:Jacques Massu 618: 615:According to 608: 605: 604:police abuses 601: 598: 597:Enver Hoxha's 588: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 563: 553: 550: 546: 539: 535: 512: 508: 499: 489: 480: 476: 473:This list is 471: 464: 463: 455: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 424: 422: 421:disappearance 418: 413: 411: 407: 406:interrogation 403: 399: 398:South Vietnam 395: 387: 382: 372: 369: 361: 351: 347: 341: 340: 335:This section 333: 329: 324: 323: 314: 311: 303: 300:December 2010 293: 289: 285: 279: 277: 270: 261: 260: 252: 243: 240: 236: 232: 228: 224: 223:waterboarding 219: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 196: 194: 189: 185: 181: 177: 176:secret police 173: 167: 164: 160: 156: 152: 147: 145: 141: 137: 126: 123: 115: 104: 101: 97: 94: 90: 87: 83: 80: 76: 73: – 72: 68: 67:Find sources: 61: 57: 51: 50: 45:This article 43: 39: 34: 33: 29: 25: 21: 16: 6924: 6902:. Retrieved 6890: 6881: 6869:. Retrieved 6858:The Guardian 6857: 6847: 6835:. Retrieved 6830: 6821: 6809:. Retrieved 6803: 6793: 6784: 6763: 6742: 6733: 6724: 6715: 6706: 6687: 6681: 6659:14 September 6657:. Retrieved 6651: 6642: 6632:14 September 6630:. Retrieved 6626:The Guardian 6624: 6600: 6573: 6564: 6551: 6539: 6532:The Guardian 6531: 6522: 6514: 6509: 6497: 6489: 6481: 6461: 6448: 6435: 6408: 6402: 6394: 6386: 6378: 6362: 6357:, July 1994. 6354: 6345: 6337: 6322: 6302: 6290: 6278: 6266: 6258: 6242: 6234: 6226: 6214: 6207:The Guardian 6206: 6197: 6185: 6173: 6154: 6146: 6137: 6129: 6113: 6105: 6089: 6084:, July 2005. 6077: 6054: 6034: 6011: 6006: 5994:. Retrieved 5989: 5980: 5967: 5946: 5941: 5928: 5923: 5914: 5905: 5897:The Guardian 5896: 5887: 5879:The guardian 5878: 5869: 5860: 5833:. Retrieved 5826:the original 5813: 5793: 5786: 5778:The Guardian 5777: 5768: 5759: 5753: 5744: 5738: 5729: 5723: 5709: 5697:. Retrieved 5688: 5679: 5670: 5661: 5652: 5640:. 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