Burundi - Knowledge

4044:. In the 1980s, Burundi's health authorities asked the United Nations Development Program for support to develop quality control for and begin new research on pharmaceuticals from medicinal plants. At the same time, the Burundi Association of Traditional Practitioners (ATRADIBU) was founded, which teamed up with the governments agency to set up the Centre for Research and Promotion of Traditional Medicine in Burundi (CRPMT). The recent influx of international aid has supported the work of biomedical health systems in Burundi. However, international aid workers have traditionally stayed away from indigenous medicine in Burundi. As of 2015, roughly 1 out of 10 children in Burundi die before the age of 5 from preventable and treatable illnesses such as pneumonia, diarrhoea, and malaria. The current violence in Burundi has limited the country's access to medication and hospital equipment. The life expectancy in Burundi, as of 2015, was 60.1 years. In 2013, Burundi spent 8% of their GDP on healthcare. While Burundi's 2070:, has been to monitor cease-fire, carry out disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration of former military personnel, support humanitarian assistance and refugee and IDP return, assist with elections, protect international staff and Burundian civilians, monitor Burundi's troublesome borders, including halting illicit arms flows, and assist in carrying out institutional reforms including those of the Constitution, judiciary, armed forces and police. The mission has been allotted 5,650 military personnel, 120 civilian police and about 1,000 international and local civilian personnel. The mission has been functioning well. It has greatly benefited from the transitional government, which has functioned and is in the process of transitioning to one that will be popularly elected. 2337: 1449: 2129:(Forces for National Liberation, also called NLF or FROLINA), were not totally implemented, and senior FLN members subsequently left the truce monitoring team, claiming that their security was threatened. In September 2007, rival FLN factions clashed in the capital, killing 20 fighters and causing residents to begin fleeing. Rebel raids were reported in other parts of the country. The rebel factions disagreed with the government over disarmament and the release of political prisoners. In late 2007 and early 2008, FLN combatants attacked government-protected camps where former combatants were living. The homes of rural residents were also pillaged. 3576: 1785: 3300: 5322:

German claims were recognized by the other European powers in the period 1885–94. In 1891 the German imperial government took over administration of the area from the German East Africa Company. Although its subjugation was not completed until 1907, the colony experienced considerable economic development before World War I. During the war it was occupied by the British, who received a mandate to administer the greater part of it (Tanganyika Territory) by the Treaty of Versailles (signed June 1919; enacted January 1920). A smaller portion (Ruanda-Urundi) was entrusted to Belgium.

4243: 4440: 3240: 218: 10316: 7779:

Eileen; Sechrest, Wes; Price, Lori; Baillie, Jonathan E. M.; Weeden, Don; Suckling, Kierán; Davis, Crystal; Sizer, Nigel; Moore, Rebecca; Thau, David; Birch, Tanya; Potapov, Peter; Turubanova, Svetlana; Tyukavina, Alexandra; de Souza, Nadia; Pintea, Lilian; Brito, José C.; Llewellyn, Othman A.; Miller, Anthony G.; Patzelt, Annette; Ghazanfar, Shahina A.; Timberlake, Jonathan; Klöser, Heinz; Shennan-Farpón, Yara; Kindt, Roeland; Lillesø, Jens-Peter Barnekow; van Breugel, Paulo; Graudal, Lars; Voge, Maianna; Al-Shammari, Khalaf F.; Saleem, Muhammad (2017).

4320:(2013) has been on developing an institutional framework and infrastructure, fostering greater regional and international co-operation and placing science in society. In October 2014, the EAC Secretariat designated the National Institute of Public Health a centre of excellence. Data are unavailable on output on nutritional sciences, the institute's area of specialization, but between 2011 and 2019, Burundi scientists produced seven articles on each of HIV and tropical communicable diseases and a further five on tuberculosis, all focus areas for the 2099: 1461: 2424: 3726: 112: 3910: 11999: 228: 2389:. As of 2004, the Transitional National Assembly consisted of 170 members, with the Front for Democracy in Burundi holding 38% of seats, and 10% of the assembly controlled by UPRONA. Fifty-two seats were controlled by other parties. Burundi's constitution mandates representation in the Transitional National Assembly to be consistent with 60% Hutu, 40% Tutsi, and 30% female members, as well as three Batwa members. Members of the National Assembly are elected by popular vote and serve five-year terms. 3679: 4158: 11840: 11196: 10531: 3716: 98: 4212: 2504: 2007: 10543: 1301:. On the other hand, there are also reports of Tutsi that lost all their cattle and subsequently lost their higher status and were called Hutu. Thus, the distinction between Hutu and Tutsi was also a socio-cultural concept, instead of a purely ethnic one. There were also many reports of marriages between Hutu and Tutsi people. In general, regional ties and power struggles played a far more determining role in Burundi's politics than ethnicity. 4352: 4061: 3101: 3902: 3565: 1912: 3689: 1871: 9295: 9422: 865: 822: 803: 770: 751: 1857:

who refused to sign the accord; as a result, violence intensified. Three years later at a summit of African leaders in Tanzania, the Burundian president and the main opposition Hutu group signed an accord to end the conflict; the signatory members were granted ministerial posts within the government. However, smaller militant Hutu groups – such as the Forces for National Liberation – remained active.

2476:(ICC) on 27 October 2017, the first country in the world to do so. The move came after the UN accused the country of various crimes and human rights violations, such as extrajudicial killings, torture and sexual violence, in a September 2017 report. The ICC announced on 9 November 2017 that human rights violations from the time Burundi was a member would still be prosecuted. 1293:

up of the Tutsi-Banyaruguru. They had higher social status than other pastoralists such as the Tutsi-Hima. In the lower levels of this society were generally Hutu people, and at the very bottom of the pyramid were the Twa. The system had some fluidity, however. Some Hutu people belonged to the nobility and in this way also had a say in the functioning of the state.

2469:. Persons found guilty of consensual same-sex relations risk three months to two years in prison and/or a fine of 50,000 to 100,000 Burundian francs. Amnesty International has condemned the action, calling it a violation of Burundi's obligations under international and regional human rights law, and against the constitution, which guarantees the right to privacy. 1727:(FRODEBU), won the first democratic election. He became the first Hutu head of state, leading a pro-Hutu government. Though he attempted to smooth the country's bitter ethnic divide, his reforms antagonised soldiers in the Tutsi-dominated army, and he was assassinated amidst a failed military coup in October 1993, after only three months in office. The ensuing 3073: 3338:, however, plays a larger role, with 4% of Burundians being members of microfinance institutions – a larger share of the population than that reached by banking and postal services combined. 26 licensed microfinance institutions (MFIs) offer savings, deposits, and short- to medium-term credit. The dependence of the sector on donor assistance is limited. 1750:(Hutu), was appointed as president in October 1994. A coalition government involving 12 of the 13 parties was formed. A feared general massacre was averted, but violence broke out. A number of Hutu refugees in Bujumbura, the then-capital, were killed. The mainly Tutsi Union for National Progress withdrew from the government and parliament. 4142:, amashako, ibishikiso and ikiranya drums. Dance often accompanies drumming performance, which is frequently seen in celebrations and family gatherings. The abatimbo, which is performed at official ceremonies and rituals and the fast-paced abanyagasimbo are some famous Burundian dances. Some musical instruments of note are the flute, 3285:

rate in Sub-Saharan Africa. Burundi joined the East African Community in 2009, which should boost its regional trade ties, and also in 2009 received $ 700 million in debt relief. Government corruption is hindering the development of a healthy private sector as companies seek to navigate an environment with ever-changing rules.

1665:, suspended the constitution and dissolved political parties. He reinstated military rule by a Military Committee for National Salvation (CSMN). Anti-Tutsi ethnic propaganda disseminated by the remnants of the 1972 UBU, which had re-organized as PALIPEHUTU in 1981, led to killings of Tutsi peasants in the northern communes of 2285:, a candidate who was hand-picked as Nkurunziza's successor by the CNDD-FDD, won the election with 71.45% of the vote. Shortly after, on 9 June 2020, Nkurunziza died of a cardiac arrest, at the age of 55. There was some speculation that his death was COVID-19 related, though this is unconfirmed. As per the constitution, 1845:. This method of negotiation can be defined as a form of diplomacy involving governmental or intergovernmental representatives, who may use their positive reputations, mediation, or the "carrot and stick" method as a means of obtaining or forcing an outcome, frequently along the lines of "bargaining" or "win-lose". 4837: 3093: 1853:

Burundians believed the treaty would be irrelevant without an accompanying cease fire. This would require separate and direct talks with the rebel groups. The main Hutu party was skeptical of the offer of a power-sharing government; they alleged that they had been deceived by the Tutsi in past agreements.

4306:(2013) covers the following areas: food technology; medical sciences; energy, mining and transportation; water; desertification; environmental biotechnology and indigenous knowledge; materials science; engineering and industry; ICTs; space sciences; mathematical sciences; and social and human sciences. 2559:

In July 2022, the government of Burundi announced a complete overhaul of the country's territorial subdivisions. The proposed change would reduce the amounts of provinces from 18 to 5, and reduce the amount of communes from 119 to 42. The change needs the approval of the parliament of Burundi to take

2396:

Together, Burundi's legislative branch elect the president to a five-year term. Burundi's president appoints officials to his Council of Ministers, which is also part of the executive branch. The president can also pick fourteen members of the Transitional Senate to serve on the Council of Ministers.

1856:

In 2000, the Burundian President signed the treaty, as well as 13 of the 19 warring Hutu and Tutsi factions. Disagreements persisted over which group would preside over the nascent government, and when the ceasefire would begin. The spoilers of the peace talks were the hardliner Tutsi and Hutu groups

1796:

On 28 August 2000, a transitional government for Burundi was planned as a part of the Arusha Peace and Reconciliation Agreement. The transitional government was placed on a trial basis for five years. After several aborted cease-fires, a 2001 peace plan and power-sharing agreement has been relatively

1680:

for those who had called for, carried out, and taken credit for the killings. Analysts have called this period the beginning of the "culture of impunity." Other analysts put the origins of the "culture of impunity" earlier, in 1965 and 1972, when a small number of identifiable Hutus unleashed massive

1280:

The first evidence of the Burundian state dates back to the late 16th century where it emerged on the eastern foothills. Over the following centuries it expanded, annexing smaller neighbours. The Kingdom of Burundi, or Urundi, in the Great Lakes region was a polity ruled by a traditional monarch with

2273:

in May 2018, Burundians voted by 79.08% to approve an amended constitution that ensured that Nkurunziza could remain in power until 2034. However, much to the surprise of most observers, Nkurunziza later announced that he did not intend to serve another term, paving the way for a new president to be

1852:

As the protracted nature of the peace talks demonstrated, the mediators and negotiating parties confronted several obstacles. First, the Burundian officials perceived the goals as "unrealistic" and viewed the treaty as ambiguous, contradictory and confusing. Second, and perhaps most importantly, the

1292:

In the mid-18th century, the Tutsi royalty consolidated authority over land, production, and distribution with the development of the ubugabire—a patron-client relationship in which the populace received royal protection in exchange for tribute and land tenure. By this time, the royal court was made

4331:

has also focused on training researchers. Researcher density (in head counts) grew from 40 to 55 researchers per million inhabitants between 2011 and 2018. The amount of funding available to each researcher more than doubled from PPP$ 14,310 (constant 2005 values) to PPP$ 22,480, since the domestic

4260:

rate in Burundi was estimated to be 74.71% for men and women between the ages of 15 and 24, while the youth literacy rate was much higher at 92.58%. Burundi has a comparatively high literacy rate to other countries in the region, which is only about 10% lower than the global average. Ten percent of

3284:

The purchasing power of most Burundians has decreased as wage increases have not kept up with inflation. As a result of deepening poverty, Burundi will remain heavily dependent on aid from bilateral and multilateral donors. Foreign aid represents 42% of Burundi's national income, the second highest

2152:

In late March 2008, the FLN sought for the parliament to adopt a law guaranteeing them 'provisional immunity' from arrest. This would cover ordinary crimes, but not grave violations of international humanitarian law like war crimes or crimes against humanity . Even though the government has granted

5321:

In archived text: German East Africa, German Deutsch-Ostafrika, former dependency of imperial Germany, corresponding to present-day Rwanda and Burundi, the continental portion of Tanzania, and a small section of Mozambique. Penetration of the area was begun in 1884 by German commercial agents, and

2392:

The Transitional Senate has fifty-one members, and three seats are reserved for former presidents. Due to stipulations in Burundi's constitution, 30% of Senate members must be female. Members of the Senate are elected by electoral colleges, which consist of members from each of Burundi's provinces

2232:

established the Commission of Inquiry on Burundi through resolution 33/24. Its mandate is to "conduct a thorough investigation into human rights violations and abuses committed in Burundi since April 2015, to identify alleged perpetrators and to formulate recommendations." On 29 September 2017 the

2136:

mentions many areas where improvement is required. Civilians are victims of repeated acts of violence done by the FLN. The latter also recruits child soldiers. The rate of violence against women is high. Perpetrators regularly escape prosecution and punishment by the state. There is an urgent need

7778:

Dinerstein, Eric; Olson, David; Joshi, Anup; Vynne, Carly; Burgess, Neil D.; Wikramanayake, Eric; Hahn, Nathan; Palminteri, Suzanne; Hedao, Prashant; Noss, Reed; Hansen, Matt; Locke, Harvey; Ellis, Erle C; Jones, Benjamin; Barber, Charles Victor; Hayes, Randy; Kormos, Cyril; Martin, Vance; Crist,

2089:

The 2005 Constitution formalised a complex power-sharing architecture that has been described as "associational" in its logic, as it aims to provide guarantees of representation for the Tutsi minority without entrenching the ethnic cleavage at the centre of Burundian politics. This institutional

2085:

While there are still some difficulties with refugee returns and securing adequate food supplies for the war-weary population, the mission managed to win the trust and confidence of a majority of the formerly warring leaders, as well as the population at large. It was involved with several "quick

1848:

The main objective was to transform the Burundian government and military structurally in order to bridge the ethnic gap between the Tutsi and Hutu. It was to take place in two major steps. First, a transitional power-sharing government would be established, with the presidents holding office for

1475:

requested Burundi's independence from Belgium and dissolution of the Ruanda-Urundi union. In the following months, Burundian political parties began to advocate for the end of Belgian colonial rule and the separation of Rwanda and Burundi. The first and largest of these political parties was the

2077:

The focus of the UN's mission had been to enshrine the power-sharing arrangements in a popularly voted constitution, so that elections may be held and a new government installed. Disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration were done in tandem with elections preparations. In February 2005, the

1626:

used the army to combat Hutu rebels and commit genocide, murdering targeted members of the Hutu majority. The total number of casualties was never established, but contemporary estimates put the number of people killed between 80,000 and 210,000. In addition, several hundred thousand Hutu were

3611:

is the city with the most daily flight connections to Bujumbura. The country has a road network but as of 2005 less than 10% of the country's roads were paved and as of 2012 private bus companies were the main operators of buses on the international route to Kigali; however, there were no bus

2168:

The UN has attempted to evaluate the impact of its peace-building initiatives. In the early 2010s, the UN peacekeeping mission in Burundi sought to assess the success of its Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration program by counting the number of arms that had been collected, given the

2205:

failed to depose Nkurunziza. He returned to Burundi, began purging his government, and arrested several of the coup leaders. Following the attempted coup, protests however continued and over 100,000 people had fled the country by 20 May causing a humanitarian emergency. There are reports of

1435:

under Belgian administrative authority. During the 1940s, a series of policies caused divisions throughout the country. On 4 October 1943, powers were split in the legislative division of Burundi's government between chiefdoms and lower chiefdoms. Chiefdoms were in charge of land, and lower

2073:

The main difficulty in the early stages was continued resistance to the peace process by the last Hutu nationalist rebel group. This organisation continued its violent conflict on the outskirts of the capital despite the UN's presence. By June 2005, the group had stopped fighting and its

1706:

have taken place in the country: the 1972 mass killings of Hutus by the Tutsi-dominated army, and the mass killings of Tutsis in 1993 by the Hutu majority. Both were described as genocides in the final report of the International Commission of Inquiry for Burundi presented in 2002 to the

4339:

in 2015. With six scientific publications per million inhabitants, Burundi still has one of the lowest publication rate in Central and East Africa. Some 97.5% of publications involved foreign co-authorship between 2017 and 2019, with Ugandans figuring among the top five partners.

4040:. The civil war in 1962 put a stop on the medical advancements in the country. Burundi, again, went into a violent cycle in 2015, jeopardising the citizens of Burundi's medical care. Like other countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, Burundi uses indigenous medicine in addition to 4825: 5216:

Uvin, Peter. 1999. "Ethnicity and Power in Burundi and Rwanda: Different Paths to Mass Violence" in Comparative Politics, Vol. 31, No. 3 (Apr. 1999), pp. 253–272 Published by: Comparative Politics, Ph.D. Programs in Political Science, City University of New York. Page

2412:

with 71.45% of the vote. Shortly after, on 9 June 2020, Nkurunziza died of a cardiac arrest, at the age of 55. As per the constitution, Pascal Nyabenda, the president of the national assembly, led the government until Ndayishimiye's inauguration on 18 June 2020.

6560: 2063:, deployed to help oversee the installation of a transitional government. In June 2004, the UN stepped in and took over peacekeeping responsibilities as a signal of growing international support for the already markedly advanced peace process in Burundi. 1266:), to be a direct territorial continuation of a pre-colonial era African state. The early history of Burundi, and especially the role and nature of the country's three dominant ethnic groups, the Twa, Hutu and Tutsi, is highly debated amongst academics. 2059:, gradually established power-sharing agreements to satisfy the majority of the contending groups. Initially the South African Protection Support Detachment was deployed to protect Burundian leaders returning from exile. These forces became part of the 1761:. He suspended the constitution and was sworn in as president in 1998. This was the start of his second term as president, after his first term from 1987 to 1993. In response to rebel attacks, the government forced much of the population to move to 1296:

The classification of Hutu or Tutsi was not merely based on ethnic criteria alone. Hutu farmers that managed to acquire wealth and livestock were regularly granted the higher social status of Tutsi, some even made it to become close advisors of the

5085: 2198:

would seek a third term in office. Protestors claimed Nkurunziza could not run for a third term in office but the country's constitutional court agreed with Nkurunziza (although some of its members had fled the country at the time of its vote).

1111:

Burundi remains primarily a rural society, with just 13.4% of the population living in urban areas in 2019. Burundi is densely populated, and many young people emigrate in search of opportunities elsewhere. Roughly 85% of the population are of

5791:

International Commission of Inquiry for Burundi (2002). Paragraph 85. "The Micombero regime responded with a genocidal repression that is estimated to have caused over a hundred thousand victims and forced several hundred thousand Hutus into

3333:

Lack of access to financial services is a serious problem for the majority of the population, particularly in densely populated rural areas: only 2% of the total population holds bank accounts and fewer than 0.5% use bank lending services.

3252:

accounts for 90% of agriculture. Burundi's primary exports are coffee and tea, which account for 90% of foreign exchange earnings, though exports are a relatively small share of GDP. Other agricultural products include cotton, tea, maize,

1159:

are major ecological concerns. As of 2005, the country was almost completely deforested. Less than 6% of its land was covered by trees, and over half of that being for commercial plantations. Burundi is the poorest country in the world by

1289:) which owned most of the land and required a tribute, or tax, from local farmers (mainly Hutu) and herders (mainly Tutsi). The Kingdom of Burundi was characterised by a hierarchical political authority and tributary economic exchange. 2165:, South Africa's Minister for Safety and Security. This was the first direct meeting since June 2007. Both agreed to meet twice a week to establish a commission to resolve any disputes that might arise during the peace negotiations. 2074:

representatives were brought back into the political process. All political parties have accepted a formula for inter-ethnic power-sharing: no political party can gain access to government offices unless it is ethnically integrated.

8430:. "In one of Africa's most densely populated countries, brothers are killing brothers over the right to farm mere acres of earth. There's just not enough land to go around in Burundi — and it could push the country into civil war." 2420:(Supreme Court) is Burundi's highest court. There are three Courts of Appeals directly below the Supreme Court. Tribunals of First Instance are used as judicial courts in each of Burundi's provinces as well as 123 local tribunals. 4957: 2237:. It further stressed that, "The Burundian government has so far refused to cooperate with the Commission of Inquiry, despite the Commission's repeated requests and initiatives." The violations the Commission documented include 3330:'s Network Readiness Index (NRI) – an indicator for determining the development level of a country's information and communication technologies. Burundi ranked number 147 overall in the 2014 NRI ranking, down from 144 in 2013. 4309:

With regard to material sciences, Burundi's publication intensity doubled from 0.6 to 1.2 articles per million inhabitants between 2012 and 2019, placing it in the top 15 for sub-Saharan Africa for this strategic technology.

3265:

is highly relied upon, many people do not have the resources to sustain themselves. This is due to large population growth and no coherent policies governing land ownership. In 2014, the average farm size was about one acre.

1097: 4441: 3949:

Burundi remains an overwhelmingly rural society, with just 13% of the population living in urban areas in 2013. The population density of around 315 people per square kilometre (753 per sq mi) is the second highest in

1797:

successful. A cease-fire was signed in 2003 between the Tutsi-controlled Burundian government and the largest Hutu rebel group, CNDD-FDD (National Council for the Defense of Democracy-Forces for the Defense of Democracy).

6544: 6733: 2156:

On 17 April 2008, the FLN bombarded Bujumbura. The Burundian army fought back and the FLN suffered heavy losses. A new ceasefire was signed on 26 May 2008. In August 2008, President Nkurunziza met with the FLN leader

3247:

Burundi is a landlocked, resource-poor country with an underdeveloped manufacturing sector. The economy is predominantly agricultural, accounting for 50% of GDP in 2017 and employing more than 90% of the population.

1688:, asking for more representation of the Hutu in the administration. They were arrested and jailed. A few weeks later, Buyoya appointed a new government, with an equal number of Hutu and Tutsi ministers. He appointed 1810:(Hutu), once a leader of a rebel group, was elected president in 2005. As of 2008, the Burundian government was talking with the Hutu-led Palipehutu-National Liberation Forces (NLF) to bring peace to the country. 5070:

Les approches bi-plurilingues d'enseignement-apprentissage: autour du programme Écoles et langues nationales en Afrique (ELAN-Afrique): Actes du colloque du 26–27 mars 2015, Université Paul-Valéry, Montpellier,

1536:

brought a majority of Hutu into the parliament, but when King Mwambutsa appointed a Tutsi prime minister, some Hutu felt this was unjust and ethnic tensions were further increased. In October 1965, an attempted

8491: 4130:

Crafts are an important art form in Burundi and are attractive gifts to many tourists. Basket weaving is a popular craft for local artisans, as well as other crafts such as masks, shields, statues and pottery.

11794: 6647: 12168: 4172:

Basketball and track and field are noted sports. Martial arts are popular, as well. There are five major judo clubs: Club Judo de l'Entente Sportive, in Downtown, and four others throughout the city.

2397:

Members of the Council of Ministers must be approved by two-thirds of Burundi's legislature. The president also chooses two vice-presidents. Following the 2015 election, the president of Burundi was

1731:(1993–2005) saw persistent violence between Hutu rebels and the Tutsi majority army. It is estimated that some 300,000 people, mostly civilians, were killed in the years following the assassination. 8472: 6617: 12148: 206: 7042: 1692:(Hutu) as Prime Minister. Buyoya also created a commission to address issues of national unity. In 1992, the government created a new constitution that provided for a multi-party system, but a 7653: 2370:

established a constitution, which provided for a multi-party political process and reflected multi-party competition. Six years later, on 6 June 1998, the constitution was changed, broadening

1804:(Hutu) was elected president. In early 2005, ethnic quotas were formed for determining positions in Burundi's government. Throughout the year, elections for parliament and president occurred. 3323:. Besides agriculture, other industries include: the assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing, and light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, and soap. 1382:

on the German colony. The German army stationed in Burundi was forced to retreat by the numerical superiority of the Belgian army and by 17 June 1916, Burundi and Rwanda were occupied. The

9325: 7414: 2106:

Reconstruction efforts in Burundi started to practically take effect after 2006. The UN shut down its peacekeeping mission and re-focused on helping with reconstruction. Toward achieving

1618:. The rebels attacked both Tutsi and any Hutu who refused to join their rebellion. During this initial Hutu outbreak, anywhere from 800 to 1200 people were killed. At the same time, King 6671: 4953: 11249: 7446: 8368: 8032: 6144: 4018:

practitioners constitute the remaining 15–25%. An estimated 5% of the population adheres to traditional indigenous religious beliefs. Muslims constitute 2–5%, the majority of whom are

4313:

Medical sciences remain the main focus of research: medical researchers accounted for 4% of the country's scientists in 2018 but 41% of scientific publications between 2011 and 2019.

2169:

prevalence of arms in the country. However, these evaluations failed to include data from local populations, which are significant in impact evaluations of peacebuilding initiatives.

1096:. In 2000, the Arusha Agreement was adopted, which was largely integrated in a new constitution in 2005. Since the 2005 post-war elections, the country's dominant party has been the 6439: 4596: 1339:

and protect the empire's interests in the region. The German East Africa Company transferred its rights to the German Empire in 1891, in this way establishing the German colony of

204: 9397: 5866: 1622:

returned from exile, heightening political tension in the country. On 29 April 1972, the 24-year-old Ntare V was murdered. In subsequent months, the Tutsi-dominated government of

1487:

and the accompanying instability and ethnic conflict that occurred there. As a result of the Rwandan Revolution, many Rwandan Tutsi refugees arrived in Burundi from 1959 to 1961.

4183:

Most Christian holidays are celebrated, with Christmas being the largest. Burundian Independence Day is celebrated annually on 1 July. In 2005, the Burundian government declared

3273:. Approximately 80% of Burundi's population lives in poverty. Famines and food shortages have occurred throughout Burundi, most notably in the 20th century, and according to the 1169: 7123: 2082:

was approved with over 90% of the popular vote. In May, June and August 2005, three separate elections were also held at the local level for the Parliament and the presidency.

6730: 8239: 8072: 3928: 10720: 10019: 8449: 6756: 7354: 7003: 4269: 8488: 7483: 4902: 7324: 6970: 5722: 7384: 6110: 5680: 5195: 205: 9355: 8618: 8375: 8346: 7294: 718: 7419: 6639: 11843: 8593: 6855: 5068: 6522: 5118: 1427:

The Belgians, however, preserved many of the kingdom's institutions; the Burundian monarchy succeeded in surviving into the post-colonial period. Following the

11039: 10658: 6208: 10725: 7979: 6177: 4169:

is strong, relaying history and life lessons through storytelling, poetry and song. Imigani, indirimbo, amazina and ivyivugo are literary genres in Burundi.

8423: 6794: 3946:

Many Burundians have migrated to other countries as a result of the civil war. In 2006, the United States accepted approximately 10,000 Burundian refugees.

3612:

connections to the other neighbouring countries (Tanzania and the Democratic Republic of Congo). Bujumbura is connected by a passenger and cargo ferry (the

8962: 8847: 8810: 8722: 8658: 8155: 8054: 7626: 7204: 7167: 6713: 6354: 6030: 5933: 6896: 6601: 3935:

is 2.5 percent per year, more than double the average global pace, and a Burundian woman has on average 5.10 children, more than double the international

2549:

Burundi's provinces and communes were created on Christmas Day in 1959 by a Belgian colonial decree. They replaced the pre-existing system of chieftains.

12193: 12188: 8469: 7522: 5274: 1842: 12153: 11019: 10942: 10860: 10776: 10771: 8998: 6491: 2832: 2703: 2393:

and communes. For each of Burundi's eighteen provinces, one Hutu and one Tutsi senator are chosen. One term for the Transitional Senate is five years.

7235: 7026: 5657: 5264:

WEISSMAN, S., Preventing genocide in Burundi: lessons from international diplomacy, Washington D.C., United States Institute of Peace Press, 1998, p5.

4626: 10978: 10927: 7645: 2913: 2598: 1520:, but he was assassinated on 15 January 1965 by a Rwandan Tutsi employed by the US Embassy. The assassination occurred in the broader context of the 8400: 4729: 11876: 10653: 7182: 6822: 5984: 704: 11748: 6463: 3281:. Burundi's export earnings – and its ability to pay for imports – rests primarily on weather conditions and international coffee and tea prices. 2206:

continued and widespread abuses of human rights, including unlawful killings, torture, disappearances, and restrictions on freedom of expression.

1650:

to topple Micombero and set about promoting reform. His administration drafted a new constitution in 1981, which maintained Burundi's status as a

11014: 9752: 9322: 8108: 6775: 2115: 1323:

was active in the African Great Lakes region. As a result of heightened tensions and border disputes between the German East Africa Company, the

8133: 6285: 2090:

design provides an original contribution from Burundian negotiators and constitution makers to institutional options to manage ethnic conflict.

11241: 7950: 7552: 6668: 4693: 4291:

In 2010 a new elementary school was opened in the small village of Rwoga that is funded by the pupils of Westwood High School, Quebec, Canada.

2086:

effect" projects, including rehabilitating and building schools, orphanages, health clinics and rebuilding infrastructure such as water lines.

8268: 7443: 6072: 1576:

and received support from the People's Republic of China. He imposed a staunch regime of law and order and sharply repressed Hutu militarism.

10822: 10010: 8195: 7604: 6133: 5858: 4867: 2177: 1545:

purged Hutu from their ranks and carried out reprisal attacks which ultimately claimed the lives of up to 5,000 people in a precursor to the

1197: 1161: 826: 11743: 6315: 5965: 5535: 4565: 12178: 10865: 10389: 5559: 4085:

Burundi's culture is based on local tradition and the influence of neighbouring countries, though cultural prominence has been hindered by

876: 8320: 6415: 4588: 2552:

In 2000, the province encompassing Bujumbura was separated into two provinces, Bujumbura Rural and Bujumbura Mairie. The newest province,

12173: 11789: 11119: 10845: 10766: 10761: 7698: 6918: 5756:

Lemarchand, (2008). Section "B – Decision-Makers, Organizers and Actors" cites (Chrétien Jean-Pierre and Dupaquier, Jean-Francois, 2007,

1743: 1670: 7883: 3269:

Burundi is the world's poorest country, owing in part to its landlocked geography, lack of access to education and the proliferation of

1849:

three-year terms. The second objective involved a restructuring of the armed forces, where the two groups would be represented equally.

10875: 5031: 1818:

African leaders began a series of peace talks between the warring factions following a request by the United Nations Secretary General

673: 9376: 8015: 6332: 3161:

The average elevation of the central plateau is 1,707 m (5,600 ft), with lower elevations at the borders. The highest peak,

11232: 10799: 7754:"LOI N 1/10 DU 26 MARS 2015 PORTANT CREATION DE LA PROVINCE DU RUMONGE ET DELIMITATION DES PROVINCES DE BUJUMBURA, BURURI ET RUMONGE" 7692:"LOI N 1/10 DU 26 MARS 2015 PORTANT CREATION DE LA PROVINCE DU RUMONGE ET DELIMITATION DES PROVINCES DE BUJUMBURA, BURURI ET RUMONGE" 7115: 2067: 1654:. In August 1984, Bagaza was elected head of state. During his tenure, Bagaza suppressed political opponents and religious freedoms. 1177: 774: 8236: 6378: 5771:

Death Tolls for the Major Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century: C. Burundi (1972–73, primarily Hutu killed by Tutsi) 120,000

5626: 1561: 9461: 8069: 3378:, though coins have never been issued in centimes in independent Burundi; centime coins were circulated only when Burundi used the 2270: 6005: 3996:. English was made an official language in 2014. Virtually the entire population speaks Kirundi, and just under 10% speak French. 2202: 12198: 11753: 11062: 10870: 10581: 10325: 8446: 5773: 5308: 5226:

VANDEGINSTE, S., Stones left unturned: law and transitional justice in Burundi, Antwerp-Oxford-Portland, Intersentia, 2010, p 17.

1922: 1351:). The German Empire stationed armed forces in Rwanda and Burundi during the late 1880s. The location of the present-day city of 9043: 8511: 7316: 6954: 6753: 12094: 11009: 10715: 9659: 8940: 8825: 8290: 7346: 6995: 1560:, claimed the throne. In November that same year, the Tutsi Prime Minister, then-Captain Michel Micombero, carried out another 5387: 3165:

at 2,685 m (8,810 ft), lies to the southeast of the largest city and economic capital, Bujumbura. The source of the

1505:

The country claimed independence on 1 July 1962, and legally changed its name from Ruanda-Urundi to Burundi. Burundi became a

10832: 10814: 10678: 10641: 10375: 9527: 9231: 9100: 9037: 8788: 8685: 8636: 7276: 6433: 6104: 5911: 5819: 5716: 5249: 5244:

Chrétien, Jean-Pierre (2003). The Great Lakes of Africa: Two Thousand Years of History. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.

2125:

However, the terms of the September 2006 Ceasefire between the government and the last remaining armed opposition group, the

7467: 7092: 6694: 6584: 5169: 4931: 1553: 1069: 11869: 11044: 11033: 10794: 9725: 8884: 8700: 7723: 7145: 4897: 4889: 3155: 2363: 2222: 1533: 1509:

with Mwami Mwambutsa IV, Prince Rwagasore's father, serving as the country's king. On 18 September 1962 Burundi joined the

1491: 1085: 7376: 4761: 1676:

The new regime did not unleash the harsh reprisals of 1972. Its effort to gain public trust was eroded when it decreed an

1673:

in August 1988. The government put the death toll at 5,000, some international NGOs believed this understated the deaths.

11129: 11124: 10855: 10850: 10683: 8918: 7407:"State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition" 5903: 5578: 5187: 2229: 2126: 1541:

led by the Hutu-dominated police was carried out but failed. The Tutsi dominated army, then led by Tutsi officer Captain

1472: 1363: 7291: 12163: 12138: 10688: 8979: 7406: 4992: 3234: 3151: 1185: 807: 6847: 6397: 1980: 10003: 9955: 9474: 9274: 9175: 9134: 9079: 8870: 8776: 8189: 7958: 7926: 7868: 7848: 6514: 6056: 5843: 5608: 5498: 5467: 5439: 5412: 5395: 5342: 5148: 5110: 5079: 4491: 4447: 4375: 4335:

Burundi has almost tripled its scientific output since 2011 but the pace has not picked up since the adoption of the

2042: 1898: 1822:

for them to intervene in the humanitarian crisis. Talks were initiated under the aegis of former Tanzanian President

1703: 1499: 7209:

From "The Financial Times World Desk Reference". Dorling Kindersley. 2004. Prentice Hall. Retrieved on 30 June 2008.

6200: 4650:"'Throwing in my two cents': Burundian diaspora youth between conventional and transformative forms of mobilization" 4010:

Sources estimate the Christian population at 80–90%, with Roman Catholics representing the largest group at 60–65%.

1952: 11339: 11024: 10957: 10947: 10883: 10743: 10336: 10094: 9698: 9571: 8739: 5941: 4385: 3621: 3143: 2189: 2173: 2111: 2060: 1042: 1029:

peoples have lived in Burundi for at least 500 years. For more than 200 of those years, Burundi was an independent

999: 11998: 8420: 8369:"World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" 7971: 1758: 1662: 1647: 1538: 249: 12143: 12024: 11862: 11099: 9778: 9547: 6791: 6169: 4954:"Loi n°1/04 du 04 février 2019 portant Fixation de la Capitale Politique et de la Capitale Economique du Burundi" 3588: 3568: 3511: 3508: 3505: 3502: 3499: 3496: 3493: 3490: 3487: 3390: 2409: 2275: 1708: 1254:

Burundi is one of the few countries in Sub-Saharan Africa, along with its neighbour Rwanda among others (such as

6710: 3545: 3542: 3539: 3536: 3533: 3530: 3527: 3524: 3521: 2289:, the president of the national assembly, led the government until Ndayishimiye's inauguration on 18 June 2020. 1436:

sub-chiefdoms were established. Native authorities also had powers. In 1948, Belgium allowed the region to form

11885: 11804: 11779: 10952: 10670: 9703: 9500: 6879: 3147: 2246: 1959: 1937: 1724: 1432: 755: 7506: 5278: 2055:

Between 1993 and 2003, many rounds of peace talks, overseen by regional leaders in Tanzania, South Africa and

12158: 11900: 11225: 11176: 11004: 10992: 10735: 10647: 9854: 9803: 9735: 9490: 8559: 5235:

R. O. Collins & J. M. Burns. 2007. A History of Sub-Saharan Africa, Cambridge University Press. Page 125.

4336: 4321: 1529: 1076:

republic. Over the next 27 years, Burundi was ruled by a series of Tutsi dictators and notably experienced a

939: 486: 11484: 10240: 8995: 6481: 12203: 12036: 11091: 11054: 11029: 10840: 10693: 10598: 9996: 9899: 9894: 9671: 9454: 7224: 5654: 4618: 3608: 3289: 3197: 2473: 2371: 1642:

Following the civil war and genocide, Micombero became mentally distraught and withdrawn. In 1976, Colonel

1398:, Germany was forced to cede "control" of the Western section of the former German East Africa to Belgium. 1173: 917: 424: 4052:

is 61.9 deaths for every 1,000 live births. Common diseases in Burundi include malaria and typhoid fever.

2401:. The first vice-president was Therence Sinunguruza, and the Second Vice-president was Gervais Rufyikiri. 2336: 1498:

won just over 80% of the electorate's votes. In the wake of the elections, on 13 October, the 29-year-old

111: 11535: 11067: 10804: 10703: 10574: 9718: 9564: 9370: 8397: 5981: 4833: 4797: 4736: 3119: 2312: 2308: 1966: 1477: 1089: 566: 9341: 9310: 6814: 12208: 11114: 10919: 10626: 9924: 9798: 9693: 9211:(Between two worlds) Lavigerie Éditeurs, Bujumbura: 1971. Kayoya was murdered during the 1972 genocide. 6460: 1699:

An estimated total of 250,000 people died in Burundi from the various conflicts between 1962 and 1993.

1320: 903: 401: 8101: 6772: 6249:"The Politics of Association: Power-Sharing and the Depoliticization of Ethnicity in Post-War Burundi" 5855: 11072: 9849: 9747: 9742: 9618: 9593: 6248: 4135: 3660: 2945: 1714: 1595: 1589: 1585: 1409: 1165: 1049:

mandated the territories of Burundi and neighboring Rwanda to Belgium in a combined territory called

516: 501: 8594:"Panalpina flies UNICEF relief to Burundi; 70 tons of primary medical care goods arrived in Burundi" 8223: 7544: 4685: 1948: 12009: 11925: 11324: 11218: 11109: 10753: 10611: 10079: 9874: 9608: 9598: 9510: 9425: 8457: 8260: 6848:"OHCHR – Commission calls on Burundian government to put an end to serious human rights violations" 6069: 3208:, also known as Ruvubu or Ruvuvu). Both were established in 1982 to conserve wildlife populations. 2969: 2375: 2351: 1884: 1747: 1469: 8171: 4859: 2282: 492: 11784: 11210: 11181: 11171: 10909: 9919: 9864: 9818: 9676: 9654: 9649: 9447: 8751: 6919:"Amendments to constitution of Burundi approved: electoral commission – Xinhua | English.news.cn" 6311: 5961: 5527: 4561: 4277: 3918: 3353: 3346: 3262: 3249: 2437: 2254: 2250: 2234: 2146: 2107: 2079: 1506: 1417: 1224:, who ruled the region starting in the 16th century. It derives its name from a word "Urundi" in 1144: 1105: 854: 732: 691: 645: 455: 117: 9029:

Central and East Africa. In UNESCO Science Report: the Race Against Time for Smarter Development

5556: 11774: 11607: 11199: 11166: 11077: 10786: 10631: 10567: 9904: 9793: 9681: 9430: 8316: 6236:

Howard, Lise Morje (2008). UN Peacekeeping in Civil Wars. New York: Cambridge University Press.

5811: 4281: 3932: 3342: 3293: 2459: 2441: 2311:, Burundi's economic growth increased slightly to 3 percent, according to an assessment of the 2119: 1495: 1440:. These factions contributed to Burundi gaining its independence from Belgium, on 1 July 1962. 1348: 1205: 1189: 782: 726: 395: 17: 10496: 9350: 8407:". (PDF). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division. p. 27. 7753: 7691: 7070: 6926: 6375: 5706: 5490: 5484: 3725: 1739: 11344: 10932: 10904: 10099: 9708: 9434: 9090: 7880: 6094: 5677: 4265: 4196: 3591:

is the only airport with a paved runway and as of May 2017 it was serviced by four airlines (

3349:. Burundi economy has declined since 1990s and Burundi is behind all neighbouring countries. 2455: 2451: 2405: 2319: 2133: 1819: 1569: 1532:

as it attempted to make Burundi a logistics base for communist insurgents battling in Congo.

1375: 1328: 1192:

ranked the country as the world's least happy with a rank of 156. Burundi is a member of the

536: 9360: 7631:

International Conference on AIDS 2004. 15 July 2004. NLM Gateway. Retrieved on 22 June 2008.

5900:

Genocide and crisis in Central Africa : conflict roots, mass violence, and regional war

5023: 2446:

Burundi's government has been repeatedly criticised by human rights organisations including

2172:

As of 2012, Burundi was participating in African Union peacekeeping missions, including the

1394:, an administrative centre of central German East Africa. After the war, as outlined in the 11854: 11581: 10899: 9869: 9813: 9730: 9688: 9666: 9613: 9581: 8533:"Indigenous medicine and biomedical health care in fragile settings: insights from Burundi" 8012: 4787: 4251: 4173: 3975: 3940: 3922: 3678: 3665: 3575: 3559: 3327: 3274: 3201: 3193: 3109: 2535: 2485: 1643: 1552:

King Mwambutsa, who had fled the country during the October coup of 1965, was deposed by a

1395: 1209: 660: 440: 5623: 97: 8: 11820: 11637: 10357: 10340: 9929: 9884: 9844: 9637: 9623: 9603: 9559: 9026:

Njoki Kingiri; Awono Onana (11 June 2021). Schneegans, S.; Straza, T.; Lewis, J. (eds.).

8499: 6425: 5407:

Strachan, H. (2001). The First World War: To Arms. I. New York: Oxford University Press.

4380: 4120: 4037: 4036:

Burundi has the worst hunger and malnourishment rates of all 120 countries ranked in the

4005: 3326:

In regards to telecommunications infrastructure, Burundi is ranked second to last in the

3217: 2543: 2539: 2493: 2489: 2348: 2331: 2233:

Commission of Inquiry on Burundi called on Burundian government to put an end to serious

1728: 1517: 1093: 987: 909: 522: 468: 462: 436: 11949: 9300: 9159:

Gender and Genocide in Burundi: The Search for Spaces of Peace in the Great Lakes Region

8815:, Cultural Profiles Project. Citizenship and Immigration Canada. Retrieved 20 July 2008. 8514:. U.S. Department of State. State.gov (17 November 2010). Retrieved on 24 November 2012. 4225:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

3239: 2517:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

2153:

this in the past to people, the FLN has been unable to obtain the provisional immunity.

2020:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

1684:

In the aftermath of the killings, a group of Hutu intellectuals wrote an open letter to

12183: 11930: 11908: 11825: 11622: 11150: 11103: 9948: 9832: 9808: 9766: 9517: 9505: 9482: 9365: 9323:

the United Nations International Commission of Inquiry for Burundi (UNICIB) (1995–1996)

8768: 8572: 8211: 7946: 7813: 7780: 7380: 7058: 6277: 5804: 4792: 4370: 4365: 4076: 4072: 3951: 3596: 3228: 3113: 2447: 2359: 2293: 1801: 1735: 1619: 1557: 1484: 1453: 1340: 1310: 1275: 1245: 1221: 1065: 1034: 1030: 979: 599: 586: 573: 507: 9988: 8852:

Cultural Profiles Project. Citizenship and Immigration Canada. Retrieved 30 June 2008.

8727:

Cultural Profiles Project. Citizenship and Immigration Canada. Retrieved 30 June 2008.

8663:

Cultural Profiles Project. Citizenship and Immigration Canada. Retrieved 30 June 2008.

8398:

Table 2. Total population by country, 1950, 2000, 2015, 2025 and 2050 (medium-variant)

7646:"Burundi : Proposition – 5 provinces au lieu de 18 et 42 communes au lieu de 119" 5770: 5300: 4719:"Kingdom of Burundi". Encyclopædia Britannica (Online ed.). Retrieved 15 October 2016. 4116: 3299: 2180:

was established, initially for four years and then extended for another four in 2018.

1448: 1281:

several princes beneath him; succession struggles were common. The king, known as the

11977: 11627: 11364: 10937: 10636: 10542: 10115: 9889: 9859: 9532: 9270: 9227: 9171: 9165: 9130: 9096: 9075: 9033: 9027: 8956: 8866: 8841: 8804: 8772: 8716: 8681: 8652: 8564: 8185: 8149: 8048: 7954: 7922: 7890:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved on 20 July 2008. 7864: 7844: 7818: 7800: 7749: 7687: 7620: 7514: 7475: 7272: 7232:

United Nations' Division for Public Administration and Development Management (DPADM)

7198: 7161: 7034: 6962: 6888: 6609: 6552: 6429: 6348: 6281: 6269: 6100: 6052: 6024: 5927: 5839: 5815: 5712: 5604: 5494: 5463: 5435: 5408: 5245: 5144: 5075: 4988: 4667: 4138:, who have performed for over 40 years, are noted for traditional drumming using the 4031: 3981: 3799: 3592: 3127: 3017: 2993: 2398: 2386: 2340: 2304: 2195: 1973: 1807: 1615: 1573: 1437: 1406: 1137: 1125: 1046: 983: 8294: 5462:. Syracuse University: Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs. p. 7. 5434:. Syracuse University: Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs. p. 5. 3715: 3072: 217: 12133: 10616: 9964: 9914: 9909: 9713: 9554: 9411: 8576: 8554: 8544: 8177: 7808: 7792: 6421: 6261: 5384: 4765: 4657: 4521: 4508: 4459: 4406: 4080: 3993: 3889: 3871: 3835: 3817: 3706: 3170: 2921: 2888: 2869: 2864: 2783: 2759: 2735: 2606: 2553: 1789: 1781:, South Africa, to share power in Burundi. The agreements took four years to plan. 1720: 1623: 1542: 1428: 1379: 1129: 1101: 1098:

National Council for the Defense of Democracy – Forces for the Defense of Democracy

1081: 1054: 834: 551: 430: 312: 307: 80: 50: 9120:

Burundi on the Brink, 1993–95: A UN Special Envoy Reflects on Preventive Diplomacy

6265: 5704: 4662: 4649: 3169:

is in Bururi province, and is linked from Lake Victoria to its headwaters via the

1715:

First attempt at democracy and war between Tutsi National Army and Hutu population

11913: 11769: 11419: 10535: 10444: 10031: 9879: 9783: 9392: 9345: 9329: 9002: 8983: 8888: 8743: 8495: 8476: 8453: 8427: 8404: 8243: 8076: 8070:

A Global Projection of Subjective Well-being: A Challenge to Positive Psychology?

8019: 7887: 7840: 7450: 7298: 7084: 6798: 6779: 6760: 6737: 6717: 6698: 6691: 6675: 6588: 6581: 6467: 6401: 6382: 6319: 6076: 5988: 5969: 5862: 5777: 5684: 5661: 5630: 5582: 5563: 5391: 5161: 4927: 4537: 4529: 3989: 3963: 3853: 3781: 3745: 3379: 3371: 3365: 3182: 2974: 2840: 2711: 2678: 2654: 2630: 2423: 2408:, a candidate who was hand-picked as Nkurunziza's successor by the CNDD-FDD, won 2286: 2162: 1933: 1784: 1689: 1651: 1336: 1181: 1133: 1073: 1061: 1038: 1018: 1003: 887: 103: 65: 8976: 8881: 7727: 4242: 11617: 10621: 10606: 10481: 10465: 9155: 8432: 7269:

Freedom in the World: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties

4357: 4166: 4049: 3936: 3763: 3758: 3720: 3688: 3583:

Burundi's transport network is limited and underdeveloped. According to a 2012

3443: 3435: 3432: 3429: 3426: 3423: 3420: 3417: 3414: 3411: 3405: 3123: 3041: 2812: 2807: 2210: 1827: 1823: 1746:

in April 1994. More refugees started fleeing to Rwanda. Speaker of Parliament,

1564:, this time deposing Ntare, abolishing the monarchy and declaring the nation a 1510: 1383: 1371: 1324: 1201: 1058: 302: 9186:

Burundi's Negative Peace: The Shadow of a Broken Continent in the Era of Nepad

8910: 6395:

Peace Building Commission Update, A project of the Institute for Global Policy

5575: 4108:

When several Burundians of close acquaintance meet for a gathering they drink

12127: 12109: 12096: 11540: 11389: 10590: 10547: 10155: 9522: 9402: 9387: 7804: 7518: 7479: 7038: 6966: 6892: 6613: 6556: 6273: 4671: 4011: 3624:

to link the country via rail to Kigali and then onward to Kampala and Kenya.

3600: 3189: 3174: 2466: 2367: 2355: 2318:

Currently, Burundi remains as one of the poorest nations on Earth based on a

2214: 2158: 1754: 1685: 1658: 1525: 1494:

took place on 8 September 1961 and UPRONA, a multi-ethnic unity party led by

1402: 1367: 1343:, which included Burundi (Urundi), Rwanda (Ruanda), and the mainland part of 1332: 1314: 1249: 1229: 1193: 1148: 1050: 932: 612: 472: 407: 264: 251: 227: 189: 9975: 8549: 8532: 7796: 3931:

to have a population of 12,346,893, compared to only 2,456,000 in 1950. The

2556:, was created on 26 March 2015 from portions of Bujumbura Rural and Bururi. 2194:

In April 2015 protests broke out after the ruling party announced President

1460: 1228:

the local language, which means "Another one". Later the Belgian mandate to

12068: 11982: 11294: 10265: 10255: 10059: 8568: 7904: 7822: 6394: 6092: 4294:

As of 2022, Burundi invested the equivalent of 5% of its GDP in education.

4090: 4089:. Since farming is the main industry, a typical Burundian meal consists of 4086: 3473: 3470: 3467: 3464: 3461: 3458: 3455: 3452: 3449: 3386: 3335: 3278: 3205: 3178: 2218: 1890: 1835: 1766: 1762: 1521: 1225: 1156: 1152: 1143:

One of the smallest countries in Africa, Burundi's land is used mostly for

322: 5952:

International Commission of Inquiry for Burundi (2002). Paragraphs 85,496.

5334: 3288:

Studies since 2007 have shown Burundians to have extremely poor levels of

3118:

One of the smallest countries in Africa, Burundi is landlocked and has an

11697: 11499: 11479: 11399: 10439: 10270: 10160: 9167:

Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience

7919:

An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945–1996

7172:

International Center for Transitional Justice. Retrieved on 27 July 2008.

7116:"Burundi: Fintech Landscape and Potential In The World's Poorest Country" 4901:. United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. pp. 274–277. 4184: 4134:

Drumming is an important part of the cultural heritage. The world-famous

4041: 4019: 4015: 3613: 2354:

republic based upon a multi-party state. The president of Burundi is the

2098: 1831: 1603: 1359: 560: 545: 8736: 8181: 7605:"Empowerment of people living with HIV/AIDS in Gitega Province, Burundi" 5695:

Lemarchand, (2008). Section "B – Decision-Makers, Organizers and Actors"

3909: 2465:

In April 2009, the government of Burundi changed the law to criminalise

12063: 11941: 11672: 11667: 11561: 11494: 11434: 11424: 11414: 11319: 11145: 10346: 10250: 10215: 10200: 10185: 10140: 10074: 8967:

Cultural Profiles Project. Citizenship and Immigration Canada. cp-pc.ca

6731:"Burundi president hunts for coup leaders as he returns to the capital" 4332:

research effort has also risen since 2012, from 0.11% to 0.21% of GDP.

3166: 3162: 2374:'s seats and making provisions for two vice-presidents. Because of the 2142: 1611: 1387: 10423: 7781:"An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm" 6470:. Al Jazeera English (7 November 2012). Retrieved on 24 November 2012. 6376:

Burundi: Release Civilians Detained Without Charge |Human Rights Watch

5601:

What Happened Where: A Guide to Places and Events in Twentieth-Century

2546:(hills). Provincial governments are structured upon these boundaries. 2221:, Belgium, and various other governments to refrain, the ruling party 11954: 11657: 11652: 11597: 11439: 10205: 8677: 5912:"Preventing Genocide in Burundi Lessons from International Diplomacy" 5139:

Bermingham, Eldredge, Dick, Christopher W. and Moritz, Craig (2005).

4928:"Constitution de la République du Burundi promulguée le 07 juin 2018" 4735:(Report) (in French). ISTEEBU. July 2015. p. 105. Archived from 4273: 4045: 3701: 3683: 2950: 2382: 1693: 1413: 1405:, which consisted of modern-day Rwanda and Burundi, became a Belgian 1233: 1011: 413: 284: 9224:

From Bloodshed to Hope in Burundi: Our Embassy Years during Genocide

8531:

Falisse, Jean-Benoit; Masino, Serena; Ngenzebuhoro, Raymond (2018).

7415:

International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association

5111:"Burundi: l'anglais officialisé aux côtés du français et du kirundi" 3901: 3100: 1911: 12169:

Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie

11959: 11918: 11799: 11723: 11692: 11687: 11354: 11349: 11309: 11304: 11289: 10305: 10280: 10130: 10125: 10104: 10069: 10054: 9439: 9415: 7578: 7317:"President of Burundi, Pierre Nkurunziza, 55, Dies of Heart Attack" 6955:"President of Burundi, Pierre Nkurunziza, 55, Dies of Heart Attack" 4589:"'Not In The Regime's DNA': Authoritarian Burundi's Slow Reopening" 4516: 4257: 4139: 3794: 3604: 3564: 3320: 3270: 3139: 3022: 2998: 2385:

assembly, consisting of the Transitional National Assembly and the

2138: 1778: 1774: 1636: 1565: 1344: 1263: 1255: 995: 927: 891: 11240: 8875: 6669:"Burundi's president returns to divided capital after failed coup" 6049:

The Tragic State of the Congo: From Decolonization to Dictatorship

5876:, 1972, (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1973), 49 pp. 4981:

Geschenkte Kolonien: Ruanda und Burundi unter deutscher Herrschaft

4826:"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Burundi)" 1628: 1502:, robbing Burundi of its most popular and well-known nationalist. 12029: 11935: 11707: 11702: 11677: 11632: 11612: 11602: 11519: 11514: 11509: 11489: 11469: 11454: 11444: 11409: 11334: 11279: 11274: 11269: 11264: 10512: 10491: 10460: 10418: 10290: 10260: 10245: 10230: 10220: 10210: 10175: 10170: 10120: 10089: 10039: 8489:

Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project: Burundi

8342: 7921:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 97. 6486: 6482:"Burundi creates reconciliation body that divides public opinion" 6417:

The Frontlines of Peace: An Insider's Guide to Changing the World

5587:

African Studies Quarterly: The online journal for African Studies

5460:

Political Conflict and Ethnic Strategies: A Case Study of Burundi

5432:

Political Conflict and Ethnic Strategies: A Case Study of Burundi

4177: 4151: 4124: 3985: 3884: 3866: 3830: 3812: 3776: 3730: 3375: 3308: 3254: 3177:

is also an important water source, which serves as a fork to the

3131: 2926: 2893: 2788: 2764: 2740: 2611: 2242: 2238: 1677: 1607: 1421: 1416:

as its capital. In practical terms it was considered part of the

1355:

served as an administrative centre for the Ruanda-Urundi region.

1259: 1064:. Burundi gained independence in 1962 and initially retained the 450: 341: 297: 10559: 4105:. Due to the expense, meat is eaten only a few times per month. 1830:

took the helm. As the talks progressed, South African President

12149:

Countries and territories where English is an official language

11682: 11662: 11647: 11642: 11576: 11571: 11545: 11474: 11449: 11384: 11379: 11369: 11314: 10315: 10300: 10295: 10235: 10190: 10150: 10044: 10023: 9406: 9192:

Across the Red River: Rwanda, Burundi and the Heart of Darkness

7027:"Burundi president dies of illness suspected to be coronavirus" 6035: 5705:

Totten, Samuel; Parsons, William S.; Charny, Israel W. (2004).

4318:

Strategic Plan for Science, Technology, Research and Innovation

4304:

Strategic Plan for Science, Technology, Research and Innovation

4285: 4147: 4143: 4065: 4060: 3848: 3740: 3693: 3617: 3481: 3316: 3312: 3258: 3135: 2845: 2716: 2683: 2659: 2635: 2297: 2056: 1770: 1632: 1391: 1352: 1007: 991: 243: 6763:. Al Jazeera English (15 May 2015). Retrieved on 29 June 2015. 5188:"Finland is the happiest country in the world, says UN report" 4112:, a beer, together from a large container to symbolise unity. 1136:, and English—Kirundi being officially recognised as the sole 1084:

became Burundi's first Hutu president following the country's

11566: 11464: 11459: 11394: 11374: 11359: 11284: 10962: 10486: 10275: 10225: 10180: 10165: 10145: 10135: 10109: 10049: 9542: 9495: 9338: 9221: 7976:

EEAS – European External Action Service – European Commission

6199:

Ndayiragije, Alexandre W. Raffoul and Réginas (11 May 2020).

4094: 3959: 3587:, Burundi is the least globalised of 140 surveyed countries. 3046: 1765:. Under Buyoya's rule, long peace talks started, mediated by 1666: 1546: 1117: 1077: 1026: 353: 144: 72: 11884: 9145:

An African Peace Process: Mandela, South Africa, and Burundi

9021: 9019: 9017: 9015: 9013: 9011: 8022:. Institute for Security Studies. Retrieved on 30 June 2008. 7225:"Republic of Burundi: Public Administration Country Profile" 6692:"Burundi general declares coup against President Nkurunziza" 5708:

Century of Genocide: Critical Essays and Eyewitness Accounts

3196:

to the northwest (a small region of rainforest, adjacent to

1420:. Burundi, as part of Ruanda-Urundi, continued its kingship 11504: 11429: 11404: 11329: 10285: 10195: 10084: 8865:, Chicago, Illinois: American Library Association. p. 110. 7271:. Syracuse University: Lanham, Maryland. pp. 145–146. 6134:"Tackling the power-sharing dilemma? The role of mediation" 5982:

Global Ceasefire Agreement between Burundi and the CNDD-FDD

4619:"Inside the most brutal dictatorship you've never heard of" 4483: 4465: 4430: 4412: 4157: 4098: 3955: 2258: 1599: 1113: 1022: 347: 9248:

Unlocking Horns: Forgiveness and Reconciliation in Burundi

8737:

Center for the Arts Presents the Royal Drummers of Burundi

7444:

Burundi abolishes the death penalty but bans homosexuality

6815:"OHCHR – Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in Burundi" 6640:"Gun clashes rage on in Burundi as radio station attacked" 6232: 6230: 6228: 6226: 5995:. United Nations Security Council. Retrieved 24 July 2008. 5745:

Burundi : de la révolution au régionalisme, 1966–1976

5143:. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press, p. 146. 4421: 2462:

and called for his "immediate and unconditional release."

1594:

In late April 1972, two events led to the outbreak of the

1236:

of both kingdoms by adding the letter "B" in front of it.

9008: 8892: 8530: 8447:

U.S. Accepting Approximately 10,000 Refugees from Burundi

7777: 7507:"We're Not Done Yet, Hague Court Tells Burundi's Leaders" 7302: 6754:"President 'back in Burundi' after army says coup failed" 4474: 4102: 3092: 1516:

In 1963, King Mwambutsa appointed a Hutu prime minister,

1121: 944: 359: 9151:

The Great Lakes of Africa: Two Thousand Years of History

9025: 8376:

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

8347:

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

7347:"Who is Burundi's new president, Evariste Ndayishimiye?" 6996:"Who is Burundi's new president, Evariste Ndayishimiye?" 6582:"Burundi court backs President Nkurunziza on third-term" 6093:

Ramsbotham, Oliver; Woodhouse, Tom; Miall, Hugh (2011).

1929: 1528:

anti-communist countries were confronting the communist

1006:

lies along its southwestern border. The capital city is

10018: 6385:. Hrw.org (29 May 2008). Retrieved on 24 November 2012. 6307: 6305: 6303: 6223: 5457: 5429: 5301:"German East Africa | former German dependency, Africa" 3277:, 56.8% of children under age five suffer from chronic 9351:

Official Website of the Ministry of Justice of Burundi

7377:"Burundi: Free Journalist Detained on Treason Charges" 5883:(Report – Minority Rights Group; no. 20, 1974), 36 pp. 5874:

Passing By;: The United States and Genocide in Burundi

4985:

Donated colonies: Rwanda and Burundi under German rule

2118:. In addition, Burundi, along with Rwanda, joined the 1826:

in 1995; following his death, South African President

1483:

Burundi's push for independence was influenced by the

5801: 5067:

Maurer, Sous la direction de Bruno (1 October 2016).

4492: 4477: 4448: 4424: 4048:

rate is 6.1 children per women, the country's infant

2378:, Burundi enacted a transitional government in 2000. 1742:, the president of Rwanda, both Hutus, died together 1366:

greatly affected the African Great Lakes region. The

1285:(translated as ruler) headed a princely aristocracy ( 9127:

Africa South of the Sahara 2004: South of the Sahara

8861:

Trawicky, Bernard and Gregory, Ruth Wilhelme (2000)

7771: 7505:

Gladstone, Rick; Simons, Marlise (9 November 2017).

6300: 4480: 4471: 4462: 4427: 4418: 4409: 4347: 4176:

is a popular pastime throughout the country, as are

3579:

Bicycles are a popular means of transport in Burundi

3185:, located in much of Burundi's southwestern corner. 1568:, though his one-party government was effectively a 957: 9163: 9074:(3rd ed.). Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. 6720:. CNN.com (15 May 2015). Retrieved on 29 June 2015. 6414:Autesserre, Séverine; Gbowee, Leymah (3 May 2021). 5489:. Tarrytown, New York: Marshall Cavendish. p. 4686:"Burundi's ruling party wins presidential election" 4468: 4415: 3104:

Hippos at Kibira National Park in northwest Burundi

7907:, Pennsylvania: J. B. Lippincott & Co. p. 352. 7881:Lake Victoria: A Case in International Cooperation 6878: 6247: 5803: 4261:Burundian boys are allowed a secondary education. 2450:for the multiple arrests and trials of journalist 1232:region came to rename it and their former capital 1033:. In 1885, it became part of the German colony of 10979:Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention 9260:Burundi: The Biography of a Small African Country 8560:20.500.11820/461331f7-1c9d-45f2-b778-933e8c1c4735 7085:"Burundi prison fire kills at least 38 in Gitega" 7025:correspondent, Jason Burke Africa (9 June 2020). 6782:, Amnesty International. Retrieved 10 April 2016. 5838:. Tarrytown, New York: Marshall Cavendish, 2002. 5522: 5520: 5518: 5516: 5514: 5512: 5510: 5050: 5048: 3927:As of October 2021, Burundi was estimated by the 1140:. English was made an official language in 2014. 12125: 9254:Life After Violence: A People's Story of Burundi 9222:Krueger, Robert; Kathleen Tobin Krueger (2007). 9218:(A biography of a Burundian immigrant to the US) 9129:. New York, New York: Taylor and Francis Group. 8961:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 8846:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 8809:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 8721:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 8657:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 8374:("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). 8154:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 8059:World Food Programme. Retrieved on 30 June 2008. 8053:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 8035:. Archived from the original on 12 February 2009 7625:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 7607:. Archived from the original on 19 December 2008 7203:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 7166:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 6413: 6353:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 6083:. Xinhua News Agency. Retrieved on 29 June 2008. 6029:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 5932:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 5598: 5566:. Amnesty International. Retrieved 12 July 2008. 5030:, Central Intelligence Agency, 31 January 2024, 3134:in the centre of Africa. Burundi is bordered by 1572:. As president, Micombero became an advocate of 1088:. His assassination three months later during a 11020:African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights 7994: 7935: 7910: 7853: 7829: 7504: 6880:"In Tiny Burundi, a Huge Vote (Published 2018)" 5141:Tropical Rainforests: Past, Present, and Future 4268:. There are museums in the cities, such as the 2116:Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries 990:region and Southeast Africa. It is bordered by 11242:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie 8943:. Archived from the original on 1 October 2006 8828:. Archived from the original on 1 October 2006 8703:. Archived from the original on 1 October 2006 8309: 8250:(22 December 2012). Retrieved on 4 April 2014. 7951:International Union for Conservation of Nature 7863:. New York City: Sterling Publishing Company. 7185:. Archived from the original on 5 January 2009 7138: 6070:"EU welcomes positive developments in Burundi" 5806:Proxy Targets: Civilians in the War in Burundi 5507: 5133: 5045: 4946: 4187:, an Islamic holiday, to be a public holiday. 2225:, but these were boycotted by the opposition. 1464:Independence Square and monument in Bujumbura. 1424:despite the presence of European authorities. 1304: 11870: 11749:Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique 11226: 10575: 10004: 9980: 9455: 8895:. 3 November 2005. Retrieved on 30 June 2008. 7901:The Egyptian Sudan: Its History and Monuments 7697:. Presidential Cabinet, Republic of Burundi. 7650:Nouvelles du Burundi – Africa Generation News 7262: 7260: 7258: 7256: 7024: 5946: 5914:. Archived from the original on 11 March 2009 4123:, popularly known as Kidumu (who is based in 3261:(tapioca); beef, milk and hides. Even though 1198:Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa 672:27,834 km (10,747 sq mi) ( 186: 166: 133: 42: 11015:African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights 10390:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 9226:. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. 9124: 8791:. Archived from the original on 16 June 2006 8639:. Archived from the original on 16 June 2006 8415: 8413: 8361: 8176:. World Intellectual Property Organization. 7572: 7570: 7468:"Burundi Quits International Criminal Court" 7219: 7217: 7215: 7148:. Archived from the original on 17 June 2009 6842: 6840: 6011:. Archived from the original on 26 June 2008 5787: 5785: 5747:, Le Mât de Misaine, Bruxelles, pp. 211–212. 4820: 4818: 4816: 4814: 3943:in the world, just behind Somalia, in 2021. 3307:Some of Burundi's natural resources include 1938:introducing citations to additional sources 155: 57: 11790:Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie 9170:. New York, New York: Basic Civitas Books. 9164:Gates, Henry Lewis; Anthony Appiah (1999). 8136:. Archived from the original on 13 May 2011 8079:Psychtalk 56, 17–20. Retrieved 8 June 2008. 7759:. Presidential Cabinet, Republic of Burundi 6515:"Burundi: the commission of divided truths" 6506: 6473: 6335:. Archived from the original on 13 May 2009 6198: 5603:. London, England: Routledge. p. 281. 5398:. February 2008. Retrieved on 28 June 2008. 5260: 5258: 2176:against Al-Shabaab militants. In 2014, the 1899:Learn how and when to remove these messages 12194:Swahili-speaking countries and territories 12189:States and territories established in 1962 11877: 11863: 11744:Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie 11233: 11219: 10823:African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights 10582: 10568: 10011: 9997: 9462: 9448: 8505: 8173:Global Innovation Index 2023, 15th Edition 7748: 7686: 7266: 7253: 7113: 6461:Explosion rocks Somali parliament – Africa 6371: 6369: 6367: 6365: 5458:Weinstein, Warren; Robert Schrere (1976). 5430:Weinstein, Warren; Robert Schrere (1976). 5293: 4115:Notable Burundians include the footballer 2102:View of the capital city Bujumbura in 2006 1738:(Hutu) to the office of president. He and 1702:Since Burundi's independence in 1962, two 1579: 1104:governance and perpetuating the country's 226: 216: 12154:French-speaking countries and territories 12056: 9269:. Metuchen, New Jersey: Scarecrow Press. 9264: 8771:: University of Wisconsin Press, p. 114. 8558: 8548: 8410: 7812: 7724:"Burundi: administrative units, extended" 7643: 7567: 7212: 6837: 6711:Burundi arrests leaders of attempted coup 6682:(15 May 2015). Retrieved on 29 June 2015. 6512: 6479: 6170:"Jan van Eck – peace mediator in Burundi" 5782: 5482: 5380: 5185: 5105: 5103: 4811: 4661: 4297: 2068:Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter 2043:Learn how and when to remove this message 1627:estimated to have fled the killings into 11886:Former German colonies and protectorates 9396:) is being considered for deletion. See 7742: 7453:". Amnesty International. 27 April 2009. 6246:Raffoul, Alexandre W. (1 January 2020). 6201:"Burundi: Power-sharing (Dis)agreements" 5476: 5453: 5451: 5425: 5423: 5421: 5378: 5376: 5374: 5372: 5370: 5368: 5366: 5364: 5362: 5360: 5255: 5181: 5179: 5060: 4241: 4156: 4059: 3908: 3900: 3574: 3563: 3298: 3243:Historical development of GDP per capita 3238: 3099: 3091: 2422: 2347:Burundi's political system is that of a 2343:, President of Burundi from 2005 to 2020 2335: 2097: 1928:Relevant discussion may be found on the 1783: 1614:and the rebels declared the short-lived 1459: 1447: 221: 11754:Agence universitaire de la Francophonie 8335: 7680: 6420:(1 ed.). Oxford University Press. 6362: 6245: 6131: 5906:. Westport, Conn. : Praeger, 2002. 5698: 4978: 3954:. Roughly 85% of the population are of 2303:In November 2022, in challenges to the 2223:held parliamentary elections on 29 June 1598:. On 27 April 1972, a rebellion led by 1086:first multi-party presidential election 14: 12126: 9143:Bentley, Kristina and Southall, Roger 9046:from the original on 16 September 2021 9005:. Facebook. Retrieved on 4 April 2014. 8905: 8903: 8901: 8695: 8693: 8613: 8611: 8609: 8607: 8588: 8586: 8526: 8524: 8522: 8520: 7982:from the original on 17 September 2017 7916: 7639: 7637: 7461: 7459: 6948: 6946: 6944: 6513:Rugiririz, Ephrem (25 November 2019). 5633:. 3 July 2006. Retrieved 22 June 2008. 5483:MacDonald, Fiona; et al. (2001). 5159: 5100: 5066: 5018: 5016: 5014: 5012: 5010: 5008: 5006: 5004: 4754: 4715: 4713: 4711: 3374:. It is nominally subdivided into 100 3345:and a potential member of the planned 2366:. On 13 March 1992, Tutsi coup leader 1734:In early 1994, the parliament elected 11858: 11214: 10972:Specialised agencies and institutions 10563: 9992: 9979: 9443: 9431:Key Development Forecasts for Burundi 9204:) East African Publishing House, 1973 9092:Burundi: Ethnic Conflict and Genocide 8921:from the original on 14 November 2023 8623:Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations 8271:from the original on 26 December 2016 7668: 7656:from the original on 16 February 2023 7555:from the original on 21 November 2017 7525:from the original on 10 November 2017 7465: 7314: 7114:Santosdiaz, Richie (19 August 2022). 6990: 6988: 6952: 6876: 6704: 6038:. 4 May 2007. Retrieved 22 June 2008. 6006:"Burundi: Basic Education Indicators" 5763: 5664:. University of Massachusetts Amherst 5448: 5418: 5357: 5345:from the original on 2 September 2017 5311:from the original on 2 September 2017 5176: 4960:from the original on 25 February 2019 4647: 4629:from the original on 15 February 2024 4536: 4515: 3385:Monetary policy is controlled by the 2454:for issues related to his reporting. 2261:and other forms of sexual violence." 1269: 12017: 10721:Permanent Representatives' Committee 9469: 8482: 8198:from the original on 22 October 2023 8169: 8114:from the original on 25 October 2016 7704:from the original on 25 October 2016 7486:from the original on 9 November 2017 7387:from the original on 14 January 2012 7357:from the original on 6 December 2022 7095:from the original on 15 January 2022 7006:from the original on 6 December 2022 6858:from the original on 11 October 2017 6825:from the original on 11 October 2017 6494:from the original on 29 October 2021 6480:Nduwimana, Patrick (18 April 2014). 6442:from the original on 4 November 2021 6180:from the original on 19 October 2020 5186:Collinson, Patrick (14 March 2018). 5034:from the original on 22 January 2021 4898:United Nations Development Programme 4840:from the original on 26 October 2023 4764:(in French). ISTEEBU. Archived from 4568:from the original on 10 October 2022 4205: 3905:Men in colourful clothing with drums 3296:rated them the world's least happy. 3156:Victoria Basin forest-savanna mosaic 2563: 2497: 2114:and Burundi relaunched the regional 2000: 1905: 1864: 1769:. Both parties signed agreements in 1431:, Ruanda-Urundi was classified as a 12179:Member states of the United Nations 11130:Single African Air Transport Market 11125:African Continental Free Trade Area 9339:Official Burundi government website 9088: 9032:. Paris: UNESCO. pp. 496–533. 8898: 8690: 8604: 8583: 8517: 8134:"Burundi: Financial Sector Profile" 7634: 7456: 7241:from the original on 1 October 2008 7126:from the original on 5 October 2022 6941: 6525:from the original on 9 October 2021 6288:from the original on 3 January 2024 6211:from the original on 3 January 2024 6150:from the original on 3 January 2024 6051:. New York, NY: Algora Publishing, 5886: 5758:Burundi 1972: Au bord des génocides 5673: 5642: 5538:from the original on 30 August 2011 5001: 4708: 4696:from the original on 28 August 2023 4599:from the original on 5 January 2024 4264:Burundi has one public university, 3142:to the east and southeast, and the 2230:United Nations Human Rights Council 2178:Truth and Reconciliation Commission 2137:for reform of the judicial system. 1838:also lent their respective weight. 1813: 1757:(Tutsi) again took power through a 1606:broke out in the lakeside towns of 1534:Parliamentary elections in May 1965 998:to the east and southeast, and the 24: 12174:Member states of the African Union 9356:Chief of State and Cabinet Members 9246:Nivonzima, David and Fendell, Len 9184:Ewusi, Kale and Akwanga, Ebenezer 9125:Allen, J. A.; et al. (2003). 9111: 7879:Klohn, Wulf and Mihailo Andjelic. 7425:from the original on 8 August 2016 7175: 6985: 6426:10.1093/oso/9780197530351.001.0001 6239: 5599:Cook, Chris; Diccon Bewes (1999). 5576:"Ethnicity and Burundi’s Refugees" 5198:from the original on 14 March 2018 5088:from the original on 10 April 2018 4890:"HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2023-24" 4762:"Quelques données pour le Burundi" 3644:Largest cities or towns in Burundi 3235:List of companies based in Burundi 3152:Central Zambezian miombo woodlands 2381:Burundi's legislative branch is a 2264: 2203:An attempted coup d'état on 13 May 1220:Modern Burundi is named after the 25: 12220: 10589: 9400:to help reach a consensus. › 9286: 8882:Burundi celebrates Muslim holiday 8470:La langue française dans le monde 8343:"World Population Prospects 2022" 8323:from the original on 21 June 2023 7315:Dahir, Abdi Latif (9 June 2020). 7045:from the original on 12 June 2020 6953:Dahir, Abdi Latif (9 June 2020). 5856:Past genocides, Burundi resources 5711:. Psychology Press. p. 325. 5396:United States Department of State 5121:from the original on 14 July 2021 4987:]. Berlin: Ch. Links Verlag. 4934:from the original on 16 June 2022 4870:from the original on 26 June 2015 4860:"Gini Index, World Bank Estimate" 4648:Féron, Élise (14 November 2023). 4586: 4376:Index of Burundi-related articles 3962:and fewer than 1% are indigenous 1880:This section has multiple issues. 1860: 1841:The peace talks took the form of 1744:when their airplane was shot down 1500:Prince Rwagasore was assassinated 1390:then started a thrust to capture 717:473/km (1,225.1/sq mi) ( 624:• Independence from Belgium 11997: 11839: 11838: 11340:Democratic Republic of the Congo 11195: 11194: 11045:African Union–Ethiopia relations 10726:Specialized Technical Committees 10541: 10530: 10529: 10337:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 10314: 10095:Democratic Republic of the Congo 9420: 9293: 9267:Historical Dictionary of Burundi 9072:Historical Dictionary of Burundi 8989: 8970: 8933: 8855: 8818: 8781: 8757: 8730: 8666: 8629: 8463: 8439: 8390: 8283: 8253: 8230: 8163: 8126: 8094: 8082: 8062: 8025: 8006: 7964: 7893: 7873: 7716: 7596: 7545:"ICC: New Burundi Investigation" 7537: 7498: 7437: 7399: 7369: 7339: 7327:from the original on 9 June 2020 7308: 6973:from the original on 9 June 2020 6899:from the original on 17 May 2018 6650:from the original on 18 May 2015 6620:from the original on 14 May 2015 6563:from the original on 18 May 2015 6113:from the original on 18 May 2024 6096:Contemporary Conflict Resolution 5942:United States Institute of Peace 5895:(Schenkman Books, 1998), 198 pp. 5725:from the original on 18 May 2024 5172:from the original on 5 May 2006. 4458: 4405: 4386:National Defence Force (Burundi) 4350: 4246:Carolus Magnus School in Burundi 4210: 3939:. Burundi had the tenth highest 3724: 3714: 3687: 3677: 3352:Burundi was ranked 130th in the 3146:to the west. It lies within the 3144:Democratic Republic of the Congo 3130:. The country lies on a rolling 3071: 2502: 2061:African Union Mission to Burundi 2005: 1921:relies largely or entirely on a 1910: 1869: 1335:was called upon to put down the 1000:Democratic Republic of the Congo 864: 863: 821: 820: 802: 801: 769: 768: 750: 749: 202: 110: 96: 9062: 8680:, South Africa: Struik, p. 36. 7837:Facts about the World's Nations 7576: 7466:Moore, Jina (27 October 2017). 7285: 7107: 7077: 7018: 6911: 6870: 6807: 6785: 6766: 6747: 6723: 6685: 6662: 6632: 6594: 6575: 6537: 6454: 6407: 6388: 6325: 6322:. (accessed on 29 October 2008) 6192: 6162: 6125: 6086: 6062: 6041: 5998: 5975: 5972:. (accessed on 29 October 2008) 5955: 5869:lists the following resources: 5849: 5836:Encyclopedia of World Geography 5828: 5795: 5750: 5737: 5689: 5667: 5648: 5636: 5617: 5592: 5569: 5550: 5401: 5327: 5267: 5238: 5229: 5220: 5210: 5153: 4972: 4920: 4908:from the original on 1 May 2024 4882: 4852: 4730:Annuaire statistique du Burundi 4502: 4398: 3627: 3589:Bujumbura International Airport 3569:Bujumbura International Airport 3391:Bank of the Republic of Burundi 3126:, the western extension of the 2571: 2479: 2431: 2294:large prison fire killed dozens 2093: 1888:or discuss these issues on the 1723:, leader of the Hutu-dominated 1709:United Nations Security Council 1443: 12199:1962 establishments in Burundi 11780:International Francophonie Day 9501:Origins of Hutu, Tutsi and Twa 9332:at the United Nations Archives 9095:. Cambridge University Press. 8317:"Burundi Cities by Population" 8293:. 5 April 2017. Archived from 8237:Globalisation: Going backwards 7943:African Antelope Database 1998 6729:Laing, Aislinn. (15 May 2015) 5867:Prevent Genocide International 5810:. Human Rights Watch. p. 5802:Longman, Timothy Paul (1998). 4780: 4722: 4678: 4641: 4611: 4580: 4554: 3913:Children in Bujumbura, Burundi 3585:DHL Global Connectedness Index 3148:Albertine Rift montane forests 2427:Embassy of Burundi in Brussels 2247:inhuman or degrading treatment 2183: 1725:Front for Democracy in Burundi 1433:United Nations Trust Territory 1100:(CNDD–FDD), widely accused of 135:"Ubumwe, Ibikorwa, Amajambere" 13: 1: 11177:United States of Latin Africa 10871:Rural Economy and Agriculture 10648:Organisation of African Unity 9385: 8701:"Burundi Arts and Literature" 7899:Budge, E. A. Wallace (1907), 6266:10.1080/17449057.2018.1519933 5881:Selective genocide in Burundi 5760:, Paris: L'Harmattan. p. 106) 5277:. 1 July 2015. Archived from 5117:(in French). 29 August 2014. 4663:10.1080/14747731.2023.2282256 4547: 4337:Sustainable Development Goals 4322:Sustainable Development Goals 3303:Fishermen on Lake Tanganyika. 2364:registered parties in Burundi 2325: 2217:, the United States, France, 2066:The mission's mandate, under 1072:replaced the monarchy with a 11034:United States military bases 11030:United States Africa Command 9753:Current provincial governors 9572:Burundian unrest (2015–2018) 8986:. Retrieved on 4 April 2014. 8754:. Retrieved on 20 July 2008. 8460:. Retrieved on 30 June 2008. 7305:. Retrieved on 28 June 2008. 6744:. Retrieved on 29 June 2015. 5893:Genocide: Rwanda and Burundi 5624:United Nations Member States 4864:World Development Indicators 4201: 3969: 3553: 3204:to the northeast (along the 3198:Nyungwe Forest National Park 3087: 2474:International Criminal Court 2472:Burundi officially left the 2190:Burundian unrest (2015–2018) 2149:continued to go unpunished. 1834:and United States President 1792:. Burundi backed the rebels. 1215: 986:at the junction between the 7: 11536:French Community of Belgium 10861:HR, Sciences and Technology 9660:Constitution of the Kingdom 9371:Central Intelligence Agency 9069: 8674:The Art of African Shopping 8088: 8000: 7674: 6877:Moore, Jina (17 May 2018). 6132:Raffoul, Alexandre (2019). 5074:. Archives contemporaines. 5054: 4834:International Monetary Fund 4798:Central Intelligence Agency 4343: 4154:, inanga and the inyagara. 3999: 3359: 3294:World Happiness Report 2018 3257:, sweet potatoes, bananas, 3211: 3122:. Burundi is a part of the 2534:Burundi is divided into 18 2322:(GNI) of $ 270 per capita. 2313:International Monetary Fund 2309:Russian invasion of Ukraine 1478:Union for National Progress 1305:Rule by Germany and Belgium 146:"Muungano, Kazi, Maendeleo" 10: 12225: 11115:African Economic Community 10920:Peace and Security Council 10627:African and Malagasy Union 9426:Wikimedia Atlas of Burundi 9265:Weinstein, Warren (2006). 9202:Sur les traces de mon père 8996:Westwood Bridge to Burundi 8863:Anniversaries and Holidays 8637:"Eating the Burundian Way" 8598:African Press Organization 8537:Health Policy and Planning 8102:"NRI Overall Ranking 2014" 7644:bdiagnews (14 July 2022). 6174:Radio Netherlands Archives 6068:Liang, Yin (4 June 2008). 4249: 4194: 4070: 4055: 4029: 4003: 3973: 3916: 3713: 3676: 3635: 3557: 3399:Current BIF exchange rates 3370:Burundi's currency is the 3363: 3232: 3226: 3222: 3215: 3107: 2483: 2435: 2329: 2228:On 30 September 2016, the 2187: 1583: 1530:People's Republic of China 1321:German East Africa Company 1308: 1273: 1243: 1239: 1057:, this transformed into a 12164:Least developed countries 12139:Central African countries 12049: 12008: 11993: 11970: 11899: 11892: 11834: 11813: 11762: 11736: 11716: 11590: 11554: 11529:National/regional members 11528: 11257: 11248: 11190: 11159: 11138: 11090: 11053: 11040:United States ambassadors 11000: 10991: 10971: 10918: 10892: 10856:Social Affairs and Health 10851:Infrastructure and Energy 10831: 10813: 10785: 10752: 10734: 10711: 10702: 10669: 10597: 10525: 10505: 10474: 10453: 10432: 10411: 10400: 10384: 10368: 10355: 10323: 10312: 10030: 10020:Countries and territories 9986: 9981:Links to related articles 9942: 9840: 9831: 9774: 9765: 9645: 9636: 9589: 9580: 9481: 9242:Burundi: The Tragic Years 9089:Lemarchand, Rene (1996). 9070:Eggers, Ellen K. (2006). 8765:Oral Tradition as History 8170:WIPO (11 November 2023). 8033:"Where We Work – Burundi" 7726:. GeoHive. Archived from 7267:Puddington, Arch (2007). 6804:. Retrieved 10 April 2016 6047:Haskin, Jeanne M. (2005) 5589:. Retrieved 12 July 2008. 5160:Butler, Rhett A. (2006). 5096:– via Google Books. 4538:[buʁundi,byʁyndi] 4270:Burundi Geological Museum 4219:This section needs to be 4136:Royal Drummers of Burundi 4025: 4022:and live in urban areas. 3398: 2911: 2830: 2701: 2596: 2511:This section needs to be 2362:. There are currently 21 2352:representative democratic 2271:constitutional referendum 2014:This section needs to be 1590:Burundian genocide (1993) 1586:Burundian genocide (1972) 1166:least developed countries 1078:genocide of Hutus in 1972 950: 938: 926: 916: 898: 883: 853: 833: 814: 795: 781: 762: 743: 725: 711: 697: 690: 680: 666: 659: 655: 642: 632: 622: 609: 596: 583: 579: 572: 557: 542: 532: 528: 513: 498: 483: 479: 461: 449: 381: 321: 290: 280: 239: 213: 181: 167: 157:"Unité, Travail, Progrès" 156: 145: 134: 126: 92: 34: 11325:Central African Republic 10815:African Court of Justice 10612:Decolonisation of Africa 10080:Central African Republic 9650:Administrative divisions 9398:templates for discussion 9216:Strength in What Remains 9001:26 December 2016 at the 8982:26 December 2016 at the 8458:U.S. Department of State 8452:13 February 2008 at the 8107:. World Economic Forum. 8018:23 December 2004 at the 7917:Jessup, John E. (1998). 7861:The Top 10 of Everything 7835:O'Mara, Michael (1999). 6797:17 November 2017 at the 6099:. Polity. pp. 24–. 5743:Manirakiza, Marc (1992) 5660:15 November 2017 at the 5385:Background Note: Burundi 4979:Strizek, Helmut (2006). 4391: 4190: 3620:in Tanzania. There is a 3181:. Another major lake is 2251:extrajudicial executions 2241:and detentions, acts of 2161:, with the mediation of 1800:In 2003, FRODEBU leader 1748:Sylvestre Ntibantunganya 1663:overthrew Bagaza in 1987 1596:First Burundian Genocide 1120:, and fewer than 1% are 1106:poor human rights record 1010:and the largest city is 11785:Jeux de la Francophonie 11182:East African Federation 11172:United States of Africa 10910:African Investment Bank 9240:Melady, Thomas Patrick 9118:Abdallah, Ahmedou Ould 8789:"Sports and Recreation" 8752:George Mason University 8494:4 December 2017 at the 8426:12 January 2018 at the 8075:25 October 2016 at the 7886:8 December 2008 at the 7843:: H.W. Wilson, p. 150, 7449:10 October 2017 at the 7292:Burundi – World Leaders 6778:15 January 2018 at the 6736:30 January 2018 at the 6674:20 October 2017 at the 6359:. Amnesty International 6205:50 Shades of Federalism 6075:25 January 2017 at the 5962:Country profile Burundi 5898:Christian P. Scherrer, 5390:22 January 2022 at the 5339:Encyclopedia Britannica 5305:Encyclopædia Britannica 4278:Burundi National Museum 3958:ethnic origin, 15% are 3919:Demographics of Burundi 3354:Global Innovation Index 3347:East African Federation 3341:Burundi is part of the 3250:Subsistence agriculture 2438:Human rights in Burundi 2296:in the capital city of 2255:enforced disappearances 2235:human rights violations 2147:crimes against humanity 2108:economic reconstruction 1580:Civil war and genocides 1547:1972 Burundian Genocide 1507:constitutional monarchy 1418:Belgian colonial empire 1374:colonial forces of the 1145:subsistence agriculture 1116:ethnic origin, 15% are 467:Unitary dominant-party 168:"Union, Work, Progress" 12144:East African countries 11775:UN French Language Day 11608:Bosnia and Herzegovina 10893:Financial institutions 10884:Cross-Cutting Programs 10787:Pan-African Parliament 9149:Chrétien, Jean-Pierre 8475:5 January 2023 at the 7579:"Provinces of Burundi" 7297:13 August 2011 at the 6400:19 August 2017 at the 6318:30 August 2011 at the 5968:7 October 2011 at the 5629:1 October 2014 at the 5581:5 January 2009 at the 4533: 4525: 4517:[u.βu.ɾǔː.ndi] 4512: 4298:Science and technology 4282:Burundi Museum of Life 4247: 4162: 4068: 3933:population growth rate 3914: 3906: 3580: 3572: 3343:East African Community 3304: 3290:satisfaction with life 3244: 3105: 3097: 2460:prisoner of conscience 2442:LGBT rights in Burundi 2428: 2344: 2120:East African Community 2103: 1793: 1496:Prince Louis Rwagasore 1465: 1457: 1206:East African Community 1190:World Happiness Report 1168:. It faces widespread 1162:nominal GDP per capita 754:$ 11.551 billion ( 187: 73: 58: 43: 27:Country in East Africa 11485:São Tomé and Príncipe 11345:Republic of the Congo 10933:African Standby Force 10905:African Monetary Fund 10241:São Tomé and Príncipe 10100:Republic of the Congo 9435:International Futures 9381:UCB Libraries GovPubs 9344:20 April 2018 at the 9328:8 August 2023 at the 9198:My Father's Footsteps 8941:"Learning in Burundi" 8763:Vansina, Jan (1985). 8750:. 14 September 2006. 8550:10.1093/heapol/czy002 8378:, Population Division 8349:, Population Division 7859:Ash, Russell (2006). 7797:10.1093/biosci/bix014 5891:Edward L. Nyankanzi, 5861:25 March 2017 at the 4625:. 10 September 2019. 4534:République du Burundi 4513:Repuburika y’Uburundi 4266:University of Burundi 4245: 4197:Mass media in Burundi 4160: 4063: 3912: 3904: 3578: 3571:terminal in Bujumbura 3567: 3302: 3242: 3103: 3095: 2456:Amnesty International 2452:Jean-Claude Kavumbagu 2426: 2406:Evariste Ndayishimiye 2339: 2320:Gross National Income 2283:Evariste Ndayishimiye 2276:2020 general election 2209:Despite calls by the 2134:Amnesty International 2101: 1820:Boutros Boutros-Ghali 1787: 1584:Further information: 1570:military dictatorship 1556:and his teenage son, 1463: 1451: 1364:East African Campaign 1329:Sultanate of Zanzibar 1092:provoked the 12-year 806:$ 3.190 billion ( 682:• Water (%) 574:Establishment history 493:Évariste Ndayishimiye 469:presidential republic 59:République du Burundi 44:Repuburika y’Uburundi 12159:Landlocked countries 11582:United Arab Emirates 10900:African Central Bank 9779:Bank of the Republic 9704:Council of Ministers 9539:Burundian genocides 9190:Jennings, Christian 8887:17 June 2017 at the 8672:Levin, Adam (2005). 8403:8 April 2017 at the 8242:29 June 2017 at the 7972:"Burundi and the EU" 7183:"Burundi – Politics" 6697:11 July 2018 at the 6587:20 June 2018 at the 5991:. 20 November 2003. 5987:14 June 2008 at the 5909:Weissman, Stephen R. 5562:26 June 2008 at the 5534:. 25 February 2010. 4956:. 13 February 2019. 4252:Education in Burundi 4174:Association football 3976:Languages of Burundi 3941:total fertility rate 3923:Languages of Burundi 3560:Transport in Burundi 3328:World Economic Forum 3275:World Food Programme 3202:Ruvubu National Park 3194:Kibira National Park 3110:Geography of Burundi 2486:Provinces of Burundi 2292:In December 2021, a 1934:improve this article 1788:Belligerents of the 1681:killings of Tutsis. 1644:Jean-Baptiste Bagaza 1468:On 20 January 1959, 1401:On 20 October 1924, 1396:Treaty of Versailles 1210:Non-Aligned Movement 1164:, and is one of the 699:• 2023 estimate 646:Current constitution 12204:Countries in Africa 12106: / 11821:Francophone economy 10497:Plazas de soberanía 10401:African territories 10341:unclear sovereignty 10326:States with limited 9560:Burundian Civil War 8600:. 30 November 2015. 8500:Pew Research Center 8456:. 17 October 2006. 8421:The Blood Cries Out 8291:"Travel to Burundi" 8182:10.34667/tind.46596 7551:. 9 November 2017. 7091:. 7 December 2021. 6792:"We feel forgotten" 6759:5 June 2017 at the 6716:16 May 2017 at the 6466:6 June 2017 at the 6381:2 June 2008 at the 5776:9 June 2007 at the 5683:18 May 2024 at the 5655:Burundi (1993–2006) 5528:"Timeline: Burundi" 4836:. 10 October 2023. 4562:"National Profiles" 4526:Jamuhuri ya Burundi 4381:Wildlife of Burundi 4256:In 2012, the adult 4161:Football in Burundi 4121:Jean-Pierre Nimbona 4038:Global Hunger Index 4006:Religion in Burundi 3380:Belgian Congo franc 3263:subsistence farming 3218:Wildlife of Burundi 2569: 2494:Collines of Burundi 2490:Communes of Burundi 2387:Transitional Senate 2332:Politics of Burundi 2132:The 2007 report of 1740:Juvénal Habyarimana 1729:Burundian Civil War 1518:Pierre Ngendandumwe 1347:(formerly known as 1094:Burundian Civil War 988:African Great Lakes 976:Republic of Burundi 523:Gervais Ndirakobuca 373:~2,000 South Asians 261: / 36:Republic of Burundi 11826:Senghor University 11623:Dominican Republic 11151:African Border Day 10866:Trade and Industry 10841:Peace and Security 10833:ECOSOCC Committees 10767:Deputy Chairperson 10405:non-African states 9804:Telecommunications 9528:Colonial residents 9518:German East Africa 9506:Kingdom of Burundi 9366:The World Factbook 8826:"Burundi Holidays" 8769:Madison, Wisconsin 8742:3 May 2017 at the 8445:Kaufman, Stephen. 8265:www.bus-planet.com 8261:"Buses in Burundi" 8068:White, A. (2007). 8013:Burundi Population 7947:Gland, Switzerland 7941:East, Rob (1999). 7750:Nkurunziza, Pierre 7688:Nkurunziza, Pierre 7549:Human Rights Watch 7511:The New York Times 7472:The New York Times 7381:Human Rights Watch 7321:The New York Times 7234:: 5–7. July 2004. 7069:has generic name ( 6959:The New York Times 6885:The New York Times 5865:on the website of 5335:"Gitega | Burundi" 5028:The World Factbook 4866:. The World Bank. 4793:The World Factbook 4371:Culture of Burundi 4366:Outline of Burundi 4248: 4163: 4077:Tourism in Burundi 4073:Culture of Burundi 4069: 3982:official languages 3952:Sub-Saharan Africa 3915: 3907: 3597:Ethiopian Airlines 3581: 3573: 3305: 3245: 3229:Economy of Burundi 3120:equatorial climate 3114:Climate of Burundi 3106: 3098: 2568: 2448:Human Rights Watch 2429: 2360:head of government 2345: 2174:mission to Somalia 2104: 1843:Track I mediations 1802:Domitien Ndayizeye 1794: 1736:Cyprien Ntaryamira 1620:Ntare V of Burundi 1485:Rwandan Revolution 1473:Mwami Mwambutsa IV 1466: 1458: 1454:Kingdom of Burundi 1380:coordinated attack 1341:German East Africa 1311:German East Africa 1276:Kingdom of Burundi 1270:Kingdom of Burundi 1246:History of Burundi 1126:official languages 1035:German East Africa 980:landlocked country 791:2023 estimate 739:2023 estimate 600:German East Africa 508:Prosper Bazombanza 425:traditional faiths 323:Ethnic groups 291:Official languages 232:Show map of Africa 74:Jamhuri ya Burundi 12209:Former monarchies 12089: 12088: 12083: 12082: 12079: 12078: 12045: 12044: 11991: 11990: 11926:South West Africa 11852: 11851: 11732: 11731: 11717:Suspended members 11555:Associate members 11365:Equatorial Guinea 11208: 11207: 11086: 11085: 11010:Foreign relations 10987: 10986: 10938:Panel of the Wise 10846:Political Affairs 10716:Executive Council 10659:Secretary General 10637:Sirte Declaration 10557: 10556: 10521: 10520: 10396: 10395: 10116:Equatorial Guinea 9973: 9972: 9938: 9937: 9895:Human trafficking 9827: 9826: 9761: 9760: 9726:Political parties 9719:National Assembly 9672:Foreign relations 9632: 9631: 9565:1993 coup attempt 9533:Ruzagayura famine 9233:978-0-292-71486-1 9209:Entre deux mondes 9102:978-0-521-56623-0 9039:978-92-3-100450-6 8977:Bridge To Burundi 8748:The Mason Gazette 8686:978-1-77007-070-7 7752:(26 March 2015). 7690:(26 March 2015). 7351:www.aljazeera.com 7278:978-0-7425-5897-7 7120:The Fintech Times 7000:www.aljazeera.com 6923:www.xinhuanet.com 6435:978-0-19-753035-1 6176:. 7 August 2000. 6106:978-0-7456-4974-0 5887:Lemarchand (1996) 5879:René Lemarchand, 5821:978-1-56432-179-4 5718:978-0-415-94430-4 5674:Lemarchand (1996) 5643:Lemarchand (1996) 5486:Peoples of Africa 5250:978-1-890951-34-4 4796:(2024 ed.). 4316:The focus of the 4240: 4239: 4032:Health in Burundi 3898: 3897: 3593:Brussels Airlines 3551: 3550: 3128:East African Rift 3081: 3080: 3064: 3063: 2589:Density (per km) 2532: 2531: 2458:(AI) named him a 2399:Pierre Nkurunziza 2372:National Assembly 2341:Pierre Nkurunziza 2305:COVID-19 pandemic 2239:arbitrary arrests 2196:Pierre Nkurunziza 2053: 2052: 2045: 2035: 2034: 1999: 1998: 1984: 1903: 1808:Pierre Nkurunziza 1646:, a Tutsi, led a 1616:Martyazo Republic 1574:African socialism 1554:coup in July 1966 1438:political parties 1410:mandate territory 1407:League of Nations 1138:national language 1047:League of Nations 984:Great Rift Valley 974:, officially the 969: 968: 847:medium inequality 816:• Per capita 764:• Per capita 587:Kingdom of Urundi 567:National Assembly 207: 16:(Redirected from 12216: 12121: 12120: 12118: 12117: 12116: 12111: 12110:3.500°S 30.000°E 12107: 12104: 12103: 12102: 12099: 12072: 12054: 12053: 12015: 12014: 12001: 11950:Kapitaï and Koba 11944: 11897: 11896: 11879: 11872: 11865: 11856: 11855: 11842: 11841: 11255: 11254: 11235: 11228: 11221: 11212: 11211: 11198: 11197: 11110:Development Bank 10998: 10997: 10880:Women and Gender 10876:Economic Affairs 10805:Gallagher Estate 10709: 10708: 10617:Casablanca Group 10584: 10577: 10570: 10561: 10560: 10545: 10533: 10532: 10409: 10408: 10366: 10365: 10318: 10112:(partly in Asia) 10032:Sovereign states 10013: 10006: 9999: 9990: 9989: 9977: 9976: 9958: 9951: 9838: 9837: 9787: 9772: 9771: 9643: 9642: 9587: 9586: 9555:Second Congo War 9464: 9457: 9450: 9441: 9440: 9424: 9423: 9337: 9297: 9296: 9280: 9237: 9181: 9140: 9106: 9085: 9056: 9055: 9053: 9051: 9023: 9006: 8993: 8987: 8974: 8968: 8966: 8960: 8952: 8950: 8948: 8937: 8931: 8930: 8928: 8926: 8907: 8896: 8879: 8873: 8859: 8853: 8851: 8845: 8837: 8835: 8833: 8822: 8816: 8814: 8808: 8800: 8798: 8796: 8785: 8779: 8761: 8755: 8734: 8728: 8726: 8720: 8712: 8710: 8708: 8697: 8688: 8670: 8664: 8662: 8656: 8648: 8646: 8644: 8633: 8627: 8626: 8615: 8602: 8601: 8590: 8581: 8580: 8562: 8552: 8528: 8515: 8509: 8503: 8486: 8480: 8467: 8461: 8443: 8437: 8419:Jillian Keenan, 8417: 8408: 8394: 8388: 8387: 8385: 8383: 8373: 8365: 8359: 8358: 8356: 8354: 8339: 8333: 8332: 8330: 8328: 8313: 8307: 8306: 8304: 8302: 8287: 8281: 8280: 8278: 8276: 8257: 8251: 8234: 8228: 8227: 8221: 8217: 8215: 8207: 8205: 8203: 8167: 8161: 8159: 8153: 8145: 8143: 8141: 8130: 8124: 8123: 8121: 8119: 8113: 8106: 8098: 8092: 8086: 8080: 8066: 8060: 8058: 8052: 8044: 8042: 8040: 8029: 8023: 8010: 8004: 7998: 7992: 7991: 7989: 7987: 7968: 7962: 7939: 7933: 7932: 7914: 7908: 7897: 7891: 7877: 7871: 7857: 7851: 7833: 7827: 7826: 7816: 7775: 7769: 7768: 7766: 7764: 7758: 7746: 7740: 7739: 7737: 7735: 7720: 7714: 7713: 7711: 7709: 7703: 7696: 7684: 7678: 7672: 7666: 7665: 7663: 7661: 7641: 7632: 7630: 7624: 7616: 7614: 7612: 7600: 7594: 7593: 7591: 7589: 7574: 7565: 7564: 7562: 7560: 7541: 7535: 7534: 7532: 7530: 7502: 7496: 7495: 7493: 7491: 7463: 7454: 7441: 7435: 7434: 7432: 7430: 7424: 7411: 7403: 7397: 7396: 7394: 7392: 7383:. 20 July 2010. 7373: 7367: 7366: 7364: 7362: 7343: 7337: 7336: 7334: 7332: 7312: 7306: 7289: 7283: 7282: 7264: 7251: 7250: 7248: 7246: 7240: 7229: 7221: 7210: 7208: 7202: 7194: 7192: 7190: 7179: 7173: 7171: 7165: 7157: 7155: 7153: 7142: 7136: 7135: 7133: 7131: 7111: 7105: 7104: 7102: 7100: 7081: 7075: 7074: 7068: 7064: 7062: 7054: 7052: 7050: 7022: 7016: 7015: 7013: 7011: 6992: 6983: 6982: 6980: 6978: 6950: 6939: 6938: 6936: 6934: 6925:. Archived from 6915: 6909: 6908: 6906: 6904: 6882: 6874: 6868: 6867: 6865: 6863: 6844: 6835: 6834: 6832: 6830: 6811: 6805: 6789: 6783: 6773:"Burundi 2015/6" 6770: 6764: 6751: 6745: 6727: 6721: 6708: 6702: 6689: 6683: 6666: 6660: 6659: 6657: 6655: 6636: 6630: 6629: 6627: 6625: 6598: 6592: 6579: 6573: 6572: 6570: 6568: 6545:"Après moi, moi" 6541: 6535: 6534: 6532: 6530: 6510: 6504: 6503: 6501: 6499: 6477: 6471: 6458: 6452: 6451: 6449: 6447: 6411: 6405: 6392: 6386: 6373: 6360: 6358: 6352: 6344: 6342: 6340: 6329: 6323: 6312:Timeline Burundi 6309: 6298: 6297: 6295: 6293: 6251: 6243: 6237: 6234: 6221: 6220: 6218: 6216: 6196: 6190: 6189: 6187: 6185: 6166: 6160: 6159: 6157: 6155: 6149: 6138: 6129: 6123: 6122: 6120: 6118: 6090: 6084: 6066: 6060: 6045: 6039: 6034: 6028: 6020: 6018: 6016: 6010: 6002: 5996: 5979: 5973: 5959: 5953: 5950: 5944: 5937: 5931: 5923: 5921: 5919: 5853: 5847: 5832: 5826: 5825: 5809: 5799: 5793: 5789: 5780: 5769:White, Matthew. 5767: 5761: 5754: 5748: 5741: 5735: 5734: 5732: 5730: 5702: 5696: 5693: 5687: 5671: 5665: 5652: 5646: 5640: 5634: 5621: 5615: 5614: 5596: 5590: 5573: 5567: 5557:Timeline: Rwanda 5554: 5548: 5547: 5545: 5543: 5524: 5505: 5504: 5480: 5474: 5473: 5455: 5446: 5445: 5427: 5416: 5405: 5399: 5382: 5355: 5354: 5352: 5350: 5331: 5325: 5324: 5318: 5316: 5297: 5291: 5290: 5288: 5286: 5271: 5265: 5262: 5253: 5242: 5236: 5233: 5227: 5224: 5218: 5214: 5208: 5207: 5205: 5203: 5183: 5174: 5173: 5157: 5151: 5137: 5131: 5130: 5128: 5126: 5107: 5098: 5097: 5095: 5093: 5064: 5058: 5052: 5043: 5042: 5041: 5039: 5020: 4999: 4998: 4976: 4970: 4969: 4967: 4965: 4950: 4944: 4943: 4941: 4939: 4924: 4918: 4917: 4915: 4913: 4907: 4894: 4886: 4880: 4879: 4877: 4875: 4856: 4850: 4849: 4847: 4845: 4822: 4809: 4808: 4806: 4804: 4784: 4778: 4777: 4775: 4773: 4758: 4752: 4751: 4749: 4747: 4741: 4734: 4726: 4720: 4717: 4706: 4705: 4703: 4701: 4682: 4676: 4675: 4665: 4645: 4639: 4638: 4636: 4634: 4615: 4609: 4608: 4606: 4604: 4584: 4578: 4577: 4575: 4573: 4558: 4541: 4540: 4519: 4506: 4500: 4496: 4490: 4489: 4486: 4485: 4482: 4479: 4476: 4473: 4470: 4467: 4464: 4452: 4446: 4445: 4444: 4443: 4436: 4433: 4432: 4429: 4426: 4423: 4420: 4417: 4414: 4411: 4402: 4360: 4355: 4354: 4353: 4235: 4232: 4226: 4214: 4213: 4206: 4081:Music of Burundi 3728: 3718: 3707:Bujumbura Mairie 3691: 3681: 3645: 3633: 3632: 3396: 3395: 3200:in Rwanda), and 3171:Ruvyironza River 3075: 2946:Bujumbura Mairie 2833:Southern Burundi 2704:Northern Burundi 2570: 2567: 2564: 2527: 2524: 2518: 2506: 2505: 2498: 2404:On 20 May 2020, 2281:On 20 May 2020, 2048: 2041: 2030: 2027: 2021: 2009: 2008: 2001: 1994: 1991: 1985: 1983: 1942: 1914: 1906: 1895: 1873: 1872: 1865: 1814:Peace agreements 1790:Second Congo War 1721:Melchior Ndadaye 1624:Michel Micombero 1543:Michel Micombero 1490:Burundi's first 1429:Second World War 1386:and the British 1337:Abushiri revolts 1182:authoritarianism 1082:Melchior Ndadaye 1080:. In July 1993, 1055:Second World War 1043:Germany's defeat 964: 961: 959: 907: 874: 873: 867: 866: 860: 849: 848: 840: 824: 823: 805: 804: 788: 772: 771: 753: 752: 736: 703:13,162,952 ( 638:28 November 1966 634:• Republic 374: 369:~3,000 Europeans 329: 276: 275: 273: 272: 271: 266: 265:3.500°S 30.000°E 262: 259: 258: 257: 254: 233: 230: 223: 220: 209: 208: 198: 194: 174: 170: 169: 163: 159: 158: 152: 148: 147: 141: 137: 136: 114: 100: 84: 76: 69: 61: 54: 46: 32: 31: 21: 12224: 12223: 12219: 12218: 12217: 12215: 12214: 12213: 12124: 12123: 12114: 12112: 12108: 12105: 12100: 12097: 12095: 12093: 12092: 12090: 12085: 12084: 12075: 12066: 12041: 12004: 11987: 11966: 11940: 11914:Kionga Triangle 11888: 11883: 11853: 11848: 11830: 11809: 11770:French language 11758: 11728: 11712: 11586: 11550: 11524: 11420:North Macedonia 11244: 11239: 11209: 11204: 11186: 11155: 11134: 11082: 11049: 10983: 10967: 10914: 10888: 10827: 10809: 10781: 10748: 10730: 10698: 10665: 10593: 10588: 10558: 10553: 10517: 10501: 10470: 10449: 10445:Pelagie Islands 10428: 10404: 10402: 10392: 10380: 10362: 10359: 10351: 10330: 10327: 10319: 10310: 10026: 10017: 9982: 9974: 9969: 9961: 9954: 9947: 9934: 9925:Public holidays 9823: 9785: 9757: 9694:Law enforcement 9628: 9576: 9477: 9468: 9421: 9401: 9346:Wayback Machine 9335: 9330:Wayback Machine 9318: 9317: 9316: 9298: 9294: 9289: 9284: 9277: 9234: 9214:Kidder, Tracy, 9207:Kayoya, Michel 9196:Kayoya, Michel 9178: 9156:Daley, Patricia 9137: 9114: 9112:Further reading 9109: 9103: 9082: 9065: 9060: 9059: 9049: 9047: 9040: 9024: 9009: 9003:Wayback Machine 8994: 8990: 8984:Wayback Machine 8975: 8971: 8954: 8953: 8946: 8944: 8939: 8938: 8934: 8924: 8922: 8909: 8908: 8899: 8889:Wayback Machine 8880: 8876: 8860: 8856: 8839: 8838: 8831: 8829: 8824: 8823: 8819: 8802: 8801: 8794: 8792: 8787: 8786: 8782: 8762: 8758: 8744:Wayback Machine 8735: 8731: 8714: 8713: 8706: 8704: 8699: 8698: 8691: 8671: 8667: 8650: 8649: 8642: 8640: 8635: 8634: 8630: 8617: 8616: 8605: 8592: 8591: 8584: 8529: 8518: 8510: 8506: 8496:Wayback Machine 8487: 8483: 8477:Wayback Machine 8468: 8464: 8454:Wayback Machine 8444: 8440: 8428:Wayback Machine 8418: 8411: 8405:Wayback Machine 8395: 8391: 8381: 8379: 8371: 8367: 8366: 8362: 8352: 8350: 8341: 8340: 8336: 8326: 8324: 8315: 8314: 8310: 8300: 8298: 8297:on 5 April 2017 8289: 8288: 8284: 8274: 8272: 8259: 8258: 8254: 8244:Wayback Machine 8235: 8231: 8219: 8218: 8209: 8208: 8201: 8199: 8192: 8168: 8164: 8147: 8146: 8139: 8137: 8132: 8131: 8127: 8117: 8115: 8111: 8104: 8100: 8099: 8095: 8087: 8083: 8077:Wayback Machine 8067: 8063: 8046: 8045: 8038: 8036: 8031: 8030: 8026: 8020:Wayback Machine 8011: 8007: 7999: 7995: 7985: 7983: 7970: 7969: 7965: 7940: 7936: 7929: 7915: 7911: 7898: 7894: 7888:Wayback Machine 7878: 7874: 7858: 7854: 7841:Bronx, New York 7834: 7830: 7776: 7772: 7762: 7760: 7756: 7747: 7743: 7733: 7731: 7730:on 14 July 2015 7722: 7721: 7717: 7707: 7705: 7701: 7694: 7685: 7681: 7673: 7669: 7659: 7657: 7642: 7635: 7618: 7617: 7610: 7608: 7603: 7602:Kavamahanga, D. 7601: 7597: 7587: 7585: 7575: 7568: 7558: 7556: 7543: 7542: 7538: 7528: 7526: 7503: 7499: 7489: 7487: 7464: 7457: 7451:Wayback Machine 7442: 7438: 7428: 7426: 7422: 7418:. 17 May 2016. 7409: 7405: 7404: 7400: 7390: 7388: 7375: 7374: 7370: 7360: 7358: 7345: 7344: 7340: 7330: 7328: 7313: 7309: 7299:Wayback Machine 7290: 7286: 7279: 7265: 7254: 7244: 7242: 7238: 7227: 7223: 7222: 7213: 7196: 7195: 7188: 7186: 7181: 7180: 7176: 7159: 7158: 7151: 7149: 7144: 7143: 7139: 7129: 7127: 7112: 7108: 7098: 7096: 7083: 7082: 7078: 7066: 7065: 7056: 7055: 7048: 7046: 7023: 7019: 7009: 7007: 6994: 6993: 6986: 6976: 6974: 6951: 6942: 6932: 6930: 6917: 6916: 6912: 6902: 6900: 6875: 6871: 6861: 6859: 6846: 6845: 6838: 6828: 6826: 6813: 6812: 6808: 6799:Wayback Machine 6790: 6786: 6780:Wayback Machine 6771: 6767: 6761:Wayback Machine 6752: 6748: 6742:Daily Telegraph 6738:Wayback Machine 6728: 6724: 6718:Wayback Machine 6709: 6705: 6699:Wayback Machine 6690: 6686: 6676:Wayback Machine 6667: 6663: 6653: 6651: 6646:. 14 May 2015. 6638: 6637: 6633: 6623: 6621: 6608:. 13 May 2015. 6602:"Mind the coup" 6600: 6599: 6595: 6589:Wayback Machine 6580: 6576: 6566: 6564: 6543: 6542: 6538: 6528: 6526: 6519:JusticeInfo.net 6511: 6507: 6497: 6495: 6478: 6474: 6468:Wayback Machine 6459: 6455: 6445: 6443: 6436: 6412: 6408: 6402:Wayback Machine 6393: 6389: 6383:Wayback Machine 6374: 6363: 6346: 6345: 6338: 6336: 6331: 6330: 6326: 6320:Wayback Machine 6310: 6301: 6291: 6289: 6244: 6240: 6235: 6224: 6214: 6212: 6197: 6193: 6183: 6181: 6168: 6167: 6163: 6153: 6151: 6147: 6136: 6130: 6126: 6116: 6114: 6107: 6091: 6087: 6077:Wayback Machine 6067: 6063: 6046: 6042: 6022: 6021: 6014: 6012: 6008: 6004: 6003: 5999: 5989:Wayback Machine 5980: 5976: 5970:Wayback Machine 5960: 5956: 5951: 5947: 5925: 5924: 5917: 5915: 5910: 5872:Michael Bowen, 5863:Wayback Machine 5854: 5850: 5834:Hagget, Peter. 5833: 5829: 5822: 5800: 5796: 5790: 5783: 5778:Wayback Machine 5768: 5764: 5755: 5751: 5742: 5738: 5728: 5726: 5719: 5703: 5699: 5694: 5690: 5685:Wayback Machine 5672: 5668: 5662:Wayback Machine 5653: 5649: 5641: 5637: 5631:Wayback Machine 5622: 5618: 5611: 5597: 5593: 5583:Wayback Machine 5574: 5570: 5564:Wayback Machine 5555: 5551: 5541: 5539: 5526: 5525: 5508: 5501: 5481: 5477: 5470: 5456: 5449: 5442: 5428: 5419: 5406: 5402: 5392:Wayback Machine 5383: 5358: 5348: 5346: 5333: 5332: 5328: 5314: 5312: 5299: 5298: 5294: 5284: 5282: 5273: 5272: 5268: 5263: 5256: 5243: 5239: 5234: 5230: 5225: 5221: 5215: 5211: 5201: 5199: 5184: 5177: 5158: 5154: 5138: 5134: 5124: 5122: 5109: 5108: 5101: 5091: 5089: 5082: 5065: 5061: 5053: 5046: 5037: 5035: 5022: 5021: 5002: 4995: 4977: 4973: 4963: 4961: 4952: 4951: 4947: 4937: 4935: 4930:. 3 July 2018. 4926: 4925: 4921: 4911: 4909: 4905: 4892: 4888: 4887: 4883: 4873: 4871: 4858: 4857: 4853: 4843: 4841: 4824: 4823: 4812: 4802: 4800: 4786: 4785: 4781: 4771: 4769: 4768:on 28 July 2017 4760: 4759: 4755: 4745: 4743: 4739: 4732: 4728: 4727: 4723: 4718: 4709: 4699: 4697: 4692:. 26 May 2020. 4684: 4683: 4679: 4646: 4642: 4632: 4630: 4617: 4616: 4612: 4602: 4600: 4587:Douet, Marion. 4585: 4581: 4571: 4569: 4560: 4559: 4555: 4550: 4545: 4544: 4507: 4503: 4494: 4461: 4457: 4450: 4439: 4438: 4408: 4404: 4403: 4399: 4394: 4356: 4351: 4349: 4346: 4300: 4254: 4236: 4230: 4227: 4224: 4215: 4211: 4204: 4199: 4193: 4117:Mohammed Tchité 4083: 4071:Main articles: 4058: 4034: 4028: 4008: 4002: 3984:of Burundi are 3978: 3972: 3925: 3917:Main articles: 3899: 3729: 3723: 3719: 3692: 3686: 3682: 3650: 3649: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3630: 3562: 3556: 3372:Burundian franc 3368: 3366:Burundian franc 3362: 3237: 3231: 3225: 3220: 3214: 3183:Lake Tanganyika 3116: 3108:Main articles: 3090: 3084: 3082: 3066: 2970:Bujumbura Rural 2914:Western Burundi 2599:Eastern Burundi 2585: 2580: 2528: 2522: 2519: 2516: 2507: 2503: 2496: 2484:Main articles: 2482: 2444: 2434: 2334: 2328: 2287:Pascal Nyabenda 2274:elected in the 2267: 2265:2018 to present 2192: 2186: 2163:Charles Nqakula 2096: 2049: 2038: 2037: 2036: 2031: 2025: 2022: 2019: 2010: 2006: 1995: 1989: 1986: 1943: 1941: 1927: 1915: 1874: 1870: 1863: 1816: 1717: 1690:Adrien Sibomana 1652:one-party state 1602:members of the 1592: 1582: 1446: 1360:First World War 1319:From 1884, the 1317: 1309:Main articles: 1307: 1278: 1272: 1252: 1244:Main articles: 1242: 1218: 1208:(EAC), and the 1128:of Burundi are 1062:Trust Territory 1039:First World War 1004:Lake Tanganyika 965: 956: 955: 902: 888:Burundian franc 871: 870: 869: 858: 846: 845: 844: 838: 817: 798: 786: 765: 746: 730: 714: 700: 683: 669: 648: 635: 625: 615: 611:• Part of 602: 598:• Part of 589: 563: 548: 519: 504: 489: 445: 420: 385: 377: 372: 366: 331: 327: 317: 269: 267: 263: 260: 255: 252: 250: 248: 247: 246: 235: 234: 231: 224: 203: 201: 199: 196: 177: 172: 161: 150: 139: 122: 121: 120: 115: 107: 106: 101: 88: 87: 78: 63: 48: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12222: 12212: 12211: 12206: 12201: 12196: 12191: 12186: 12181: 12176: 12171: 12166: 12161: 12156: 12151: 12146: 12141: 12136: 12115:-3.500; 30.000 12087: 12086: 12081: 12080: 12077: 12076: 12074: 12073: 12060: 12058: 12051: 12047: 12046: 12043: 12042: 12040: 12039: 12034: 12033: 12032: 12025:Kiautschou Bay 12021: 12019: 12012: 12006: 12005: 12003: 12002: 11994: 11992: 11989: 11988: 11986: 11985: 11980: 11974: 11972: 11968: 11967: 11965: 11964: 11963: 11962: 11957: 11952: 11947: 11946: 11945: 11928: 11923: 11922: 11921: 11916: 11905: 11903: 11894: 11890: 11889: 11882: 11881: 11874: 11867: 11859: 11850: 11849: 11847: 11846: 11835: 11832: 11831: 11829: 11828: 11823: 11817: 11815: 11811: 11810: 11808: 11807: 11802: 11797: 11792: 11787: 11782: 11777: 11772: 11766: 11764: 11760: 11759: 11757: 11756: 11751: 11746: 11740: 11738: 11734: 11733: 11730: 11729: 11727: 11726: 11720: 11718: 11714: 11713: 11711: 11710: 11705: 11700: 11695: 11690: 11685: 11680: 11675: 11670: 11665: 11660: 11655: 11650: 11645: 11640: 11635: 11630: 11625: 11620: 11618:Czech Republic 11615: 11610: 11605: 11600: 11594: 11592: 11588: 11587: 11585: 11584: 11579: 11574: 11569: 11564: 11558: 11556: 11552: 11551: 11549: 11548: 11543: 11538: 11532: 11530: 11526: 11525: 11523: 11522: 11517: 11512: 11507: 11502: 11497: 11492: 11487: 11482: 11477: 11472: 11467: 11462: 11457: 11452: 11447: 11442: 11437: 11432: 11427: 11422: 11417: 11412: 11407: 11402: 11397: 11392: 11387: 11382: 11377: 11372: 11367: 11362: 11357: 11352: 11347: 11342: 11337: 11332: 11327: 11322: 11317: 11312: 11307: 11302: 11297: 11292: 11287: 11282: 11277: 11272: 11267: 11261: 11259: 11252: 11246: 11245: 11238: 11237: 11230: 11223: 11215: 11206: 11205: 11203: 11202: 11191: 11188: 11187: 11185: 11184: 11179: 11174: 11169: 11163: 11161: 11157: 11156: 11154: 11153: 11148: 11142: 11140: 11136: 11135: 11133: 11132: 11127: 11122: 11117: 11112: 11107: 11096: 11094: 11088: 11087: 11084: 11083: 11081: 11080: 11075: 11070: 11065: 11059: 11057: 11051: 11050: 11048: 11047: 11042: 11037: 11027: 11022: 11017: 11012: 11007: 11001: 10995: 10989: 10988: 10985: 10984: 10982: 10981: 10975: 10973: 10969: 10968: 10966: 10965: 10960: 10955: 10950: 10945: 10940: 10935: 10930: 10924: 10922: 10916: 10915: 10913: 10912: 10907: 10902: 10896: 10894: 10890: 10889: 10887: 10886: 10881: 10878: 10873: 10868: 10863: 10858: 10853: 10848: 10843: 10837: 10835: 10829: 10828: 10826: 10825: 10819: 10817: 10811: 10810: 10808: 10807: 10802: 10797: 10791: 10789: 10783: 10782: 10780: 10779: 10774: 10769: 10764: 10758: 10756: 10750: 10749: 10747: 10746: 10740: 10738: 10732: 10731: 10729: 10728: 10723: 10718: 10712: 10706: 10700: 10699: 10697: 10696: 10691: 10686: 10684:Extreme points 10681: 10675: 10673: 10667: 10666: 10664: 10663: 10662: 10661: 10656: 10644: 10639: 10634: 10629: 10624: 10622:Monrovia Group 10619: 10614: 10609: 10607:Pan-Africanism 10603: 10601: 10595: 10594: 10587: 10586: 10579: 10572: 10564: 10555: 10554: 10552: 10551: 10539: 10526: 10523: 10522: 10519: 10518: 10516: 10515: 10509: 10507: 10503: 10502: 10500: 10499: 10494: 10489: 10484: 10482:Canary Islands 10478: 10476: 10472: 10471: 10469: 10468: 10466:Savage Islands 10463: 10457: 10455: 10451: 10450: 10448: 10447: 10442: 10436: 10434: 10430: 10429: 10427: 10426: 10421: 10415: 10413: 10406: 10398: 10397: 10394: 10393: 10388: 10386: 10385:United Kingdom 10382: 10381: 10379: 10378: 10372: 10370: 10363: 10356: 10353: 10352: 10350: 10349: 10344: 10333: 10331: 10324: 10321: 10320: 10313: 10311: 10309: 10308: 10303: 10298: 10293: 10288: 10283: 10278: 10273: 10268: 10263: 10258: 10253: 10248: 10243: 10238: 10233: 10228: 10223: 10218: 10213: 10208: 10203: 10198: 10193: 10188: 10183: 10178: 10173: 10168: 10163: 10158: 10153: 10148: 10143: 10138: 10133: 10128: 10123: 10118: 10113: 10107: 10102: 10097: 10092: 10087: 10082: 10077: 10072: 10067: 10062: 10057: 10052: 10047: 10042: 10036: 10034: 10028: 10027: 10016: 10015: 10008: 10001: 9993: 9987: 9984: 9983: 9971: 9970: 9968: 9967: 9960: 9959: 9952: 9944: 9943: 9940: 9939: 9936: 9935: 9933: 9932: 9927: 9922: 9917: 9912: 9907: 9902: 9897: 9892: 9887: 9882: 9877: 9872: 9867: 9862: 9857: 9855:Communications 9852: 9850:Child marriage 9847: 9841: 9835: 9829: 9828: 9825: 9824: 9822: 9821: 9816: 9811: 9806: 9801: 9796: 9791: 9790: 9789: 9775: 9769: 9763: 9762: 9759: 9758: 9756: 9755: 9750: 9748:Prime Minister 9745: 9743:Vice-President 9740: 9739: 9738: 9728: 9723: 9722: 9721: 9716: 9706: 9701: 9696: 9691: 9686: 9685: 9684: 9674: 9669: 9664: 9663: 9662: 9652: 9646: 9640: 9634: 9633: 9630: 9629: 9627: 9626: 9621: 9616: 9611: 9606: 9601: 9596: 9590: 9584: 9578: 9577: 9575: 9574: 9569: 9568: 9567: 9557: 9552: 9551: 9550: 9545: 9537: 9536: 9535: 9530: 9520: 9515: 9514: 9513: 9503: 9498: 9493: 9487: 9485: 9479: 9478: 9467: 9466: 9459: 9452: 9444: 9438: 9437: 9428: 9418: 9409: 9383: 9374: 9358: 9353: 9348: 9333: 9299: 9292: 9291: 9290: 9288: 9287:External links 9285: 9283: 9282: 9275: 9262: 9256: 9250: 9244: 9238: 9232: 9219: 9212: 9205: 9194: 9188: 9182: 9176: 9161: 9153: 9147: 9141: 9135: 9122: 9115: 9113: 9110: 9108: 9107: 9101: 9086: 9080: 9066: 9064: 9061: 9058: 9057: 9038: 9007: 8988: 8969: 8932: 8915:idea.usaid.gov 8897: 8874: 8854: 8817: 8780: 8756: 8729: 8689: 8665: 8628: 8603: 8582: 8543:(4): 483–493. 8516: 8504: 8481: 8462: 8438: 8433:Foreign Policy 8409: 8389: 8360: 8334: 8308: 8282: 8252: 8229: 8220:|website= 8190: 8162: 8125: 8093: 8081: 8061: 8024: 8005: 7993: 7963: 7934: 7927: 7909: 7892: 7872: 7852: 7828: 7791:(6): 534–545. 7770: 7741: 7715: 7679: 7667: 7633: 7595: 7577:Law, Gwillim. 7566: 7536: 7497: 7455: 7436: 7398: 7368: 7338: 7307: 7284: 7277: 7252: 7211: 7174: 7137: 7106: 7076: 7017: 6984: 6940: 6929:on 22 May 2018 6910: 6869: 6836: 6806: 6784: 6765: 6746: 6722: 6703: 6684: 6661: 6631: 6593: 6574: 6551:. 2 May 2015. 6536: 6505: 6472: 6453: 6434: 6406: 6387: 6361: 6324: 6299: 6238: 6222: 6191: 6161: 6124: 6105: 6085: 6061: 6040: 5997: 5974: 5954: 5945: 5940: 5939: 5907: 5902:; foreword by 5896: 5889: 5884: 5877: 5848: 5827: 5820: 5794: 5781: 5762: 5749: 5736: 5717: 5697: 5688: 5666: 5647: 5635: 5616: 5609: 5591: 5568: 5549: 5506: 5499: 5475: 5468: 5447: 5440: 5417: 5400: 5356: 5326: 5292: 5281:on 1 July 2015 5266: 5254: 5237: 5228: 5219: 5209: 5175: 5152: 5132: 5099: 5080: 5059: 5044: 5000: 4994:978-3861533900 4993: 4971: 4945: 4919: 4881: 4851: 4810: 4779: 4753: 4742:on 7 June 2016 4721: 4707: 4677: 4654:Globalizations 4640: 4610: 4579: 4552: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4543: 4542: 4501: 4396: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4389: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4362: 4361: 4358:Burundi portal 4345: 4342: 4329:Strategic Plan 4299: 4296: 4250:Main article: 4238: 4237: 4218: 4216: 4209: 4203: 4200: 4192: 4189: 4167:oral tradition 4165:The country's 4091:sweet potatoes 4057: 4054: 4030:Main article: 4027: 4024: 4004:Main article: 4001: 3998: 3974:Main article: 3971: 3968: 3937:fertility rate 3929:United Nations 3896: 3895: 3892: 3887: 3882: 3878: 3877: 3874: 3869: 3864: 3860: 3859: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3842: 3841: 3838: 3833: 3828: 3824: 3823: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3806: 3805: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3788: 3787: 3784: 3779: 3774: 3770: 3769: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3752: 3751: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3734: 3733: 3712: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3696: 3674: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3655: 3652: 3651: 3647: 3642: 3639: 3636: 3631: 3629: 3626: 3622:long-term plan 3558:Main article: 3555: 3552: 3549: 3548: 3519: 3515: 3514: 3485: 3477: 3476: 3447: 3444:Yahoo! Finance 3439: 3438: 3409: 3406:Google Finance 3401: 3400: 3364:Main article: 3361: 3358: 3227:Main article: 3224: 3221: 3216:Main article: 3213: 3210: 3190:national parks 3188:There are two 3138:to the north, 3124:Albertine Rift 3096:Map of Burundi 3089: 3086: 3079: 3078: 3068: 3062: 3061: 3058: 3055: 3052: 3049: 3044: 3038: 3037: 3034: 3031: 3028: 3025: 3020: 3014: 3013: 3010: 3007: 3004: 3001: 2996: 2990: 2989: 2986: 2983: 2980: 2977: 2972: 2966: 2965: 2962: 2959: 2956: 2953: 2948: 2942: 2941: 2938: 2935: 2932: 2929: 2924: 2918: 2917: 2909: 2908: 2905: 2902: 2899: 2896: 2891: 2885: 2884: 2881: 2878: 2875: 2872: 2867: 2861: 2860: 2857: 2854: 2851: 2848: 2843: 2837: 2836: 2828: 2827: 2824: 2821: 2818: 2815: 2810: 2804: 2803: 2800: 2797: 2794: 2791: 2786: 2780: 2779: 2776: 2773: 2770: 2767: 2762: 2756: 2755: 2752: 2749: 2746: 2743: 2738: 2732: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2722: 2719: 2714: 2708: 2707: 2699: 2698: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2686: 2681: 2675: 2674: 2671: 2668: 2665: 2662: 2657: 2651: 2650: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2638: 2633: 2627: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2617: 2614: 2609: 2603: 2602: 2594: 2593: 2590: 2587: 2586:(2008 census) 2582: 2577: 2574: 2562: 2530: 2529: 2510: 2508: 2501: 2481: 2478: 2433: 2430: 2330:Main article: 2327: 2324: 2266: 2263: 2211:United Nations 2188:Main article: 2185: 2182: 2095: 2092: 2051: 2050: 2033: 2032: 2013: 2011: 2004: 1997: 1996: 1932:. Please help 1918: 1916: 1909: 1904: 1878: 1877: 1875: 1868: 1862: 1861:UN involvement 1859: 1828:Nelson Mandela 1824:Julius Nyerere 1815: 1812: 1719:In June 1993, 1716: 1713: 1648:bloodless coup 1581: 1578: 1558:Prince Ntare V 1511:United Nations 1445: 1442: 1384:Force Publique 1325:British Empire 1306: 1303: 1274:Main article: 1271: 1268: 1241: 1238: 1222:King of Urundi 1217: 1214: 1202:United Nations 1059:United Nations 994:to the north, 967: 966: 951: 948: 947: 942: 936: 935: 930: 924: 923: 920: 914: 913: 900: 896: 895: 885: 881: 880: 861: 851: 850: 841: 831: 830: 818: 815: 812: 811: 799: 796: 793: 792: 789: 779: 778: 766: 763: 760: 759: 747: 744: 741: 740: 737: 723: 722: 715: 713:• Density 712: 709: 708: 701: 698: 695: 694: 688: 687: 684: 681: 678: 677: 670: 667: 664: 663: 657: 656: 653: 652: 649: 643: 640: 639: 636: 633: 630: 629: 626: 623: 620: 619: 616: 610: 607: 606: 603: 597: 594: 593: 590: 584: 581: 580: 577: 576: 570: 569: 564: 558: 555: 554: 549: 543: 540: 539: 534: 530: 529: 526: 525: 520: 517:Prime Minister 514: 511: 510: 505: 502:Vice President 499: 496: 495: 490: 484: 481: 480: 477: 476: 465: 459: 458: 453: 447: 446: 444: 443: 433: 427: 421: 419: 418: 417: 416: 410: 404: 391: 388: 386: 383: 379: 378: 376: 375: 370: 367: 365: 364: 363: 362: 356: 350: 337: 334: 332: 325: 319: 318: 316: 315: 310: 305: 300: 294: 292: 288: 287: 282: 278: 277: 270:-3.500; 30.000 241: 237: 236: 225: 215: 214: 211: 210: 179: 178: 176: 175: 164: 153: 142: 130: 124: 123: 116: 109: 108: 102: 95: 94: 93: 90: 89: 86: 85: 70: 55: 39: 38: 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12221: 12210: 12207: 12205: 12202: 12200: 12197: 12195: 12192: 12190: 12187: 12185: 12182: 12180: 12177: 12175: 12172: 12170: 12167: 12165: 12162: 12160: 12157: 12155: 12152: 12150: 12147: 12145: 12142: 12140: 12137: 12135: 12132: 12131: 12129: 12122: 12119: 12070: 12065: 12062: 12061: 12059: 12055: 12052: 12048: 12038: 12035: 12031: 12028: 12027: 12026: 12023: 12022: 12020: 12016: 12013: 12011: 12007: 12000: 11996: 11995: 11984: 11981: 11979: 11976: 11975: 11973: 11969: 11961: 11958: 11956: 11953: 11951: 11948: 11943: 11939: 11938: 11937: 11934: 11933: 11932: 11929: 11927: 11924: 11920: 11917: 11915: 11912: 11911: 11910: 11907: 11906: 11904: 11902: 11898: 11895: 11891: 11887: 11880: 11875: 11873: 11868: 11866: 11861: 11860: 11857: 11845: 11837: 11836: 11833: 11827: 11824: 11822: 11819: 11818: 11816: 11812: 11806: 11803: 11801: 11798: 11796: 11793: 11791: 11788: 11786: 11783: 11781: 11778: 11776: 11773: 11771: 11768: 11767: 11765: 11761: 11755: 11752: 11750: 11747: 11745: 11742: 11741: 11739: 11735: 11725: 11722: 11721: 11719: 11715: 11709: 11706: 11704: 11701: 11699: 11696: 11694: 11691: 11689: 11686: 11684: 11681: 11679: 11676: 11674: 11671: 11669: 11666: 11664: 11661: 11659: 11656: 11654: 11651: 11649: 11646: 11644: 11641: 11639: 11636: 11634: 11631: 11629: 11626: 11624: 11621: 11619: 11616: 11614: 11611: 11609: 11606: 11604: 11601: 11599: 11596: 11595: 11593: 11589: 11583: 11580: 11578: 11575: 11573: 11570: 11568: 11565: 11563: 11560: 11559: 11557: 11553: 11547: 11544: 11542: 11541:New Brunswick 11539: 11537: 11534: 11533: 11531: 11527: 11521: 11518: 11516: 11513: 11511: 11508: 11506: 11503: 11501: 11498: 11496: 11493: 11491: 11488: 11486: 11483: 11481: 11478: 11476: 11473: 11471: 11468: 11466: 11463: 11461: 11458: 11456: 11453: 11451: 11448: 11446: 11443: 11441: 11438: 11436: 11433: 11431: 11428: 11426: 11423: 11421: 11418: 11416: 11413: 11411: 11408: 11406: 11403: 11401: 11398: 11396: 11393: 11391: 11390:Guinea-Bissau 11388: 11386: 11383: 11381: 11378: 11376: 11373: 11371: 11368: 11366: 11363: 11361: 11358: 11356: 11353: 11351: 11348: 11346: 11343: 11341: 11338: 11336: 11333: 11331: 11328: 11326: 11323: 11321: 11318: 11316: 11313: 11311: 11308: 11306: 11303: 11301: 11298: 11296: 11293: 11291: 11288: 11286: 11283: 11281: 11278: 11276: 11273: 11271: 11268: 11266: 11263: 11262: 11260: 11256: 11253: 11251: 11247: 11243: 11236: 11231: 11229: 11224: 11222: 11217: 11216: 11213: 11201: 11193: 11192: 11189: 11183: 11180: 11178: 11175: 11173: 11170: 11168: 11165: 11164: 11162: 11158: 11152: 11149: 11147: 11144: 11143: 11141: 11137: 11131: 11128: 11126: 11123: 11121: 11118: 11116: 11113: 11111: 11108: 11105: 11104:Gold standard 11101: 11098: 11097: 11095: 11093: 11089: 11079: 11076: 11074: 11071: 11069: 11066: 11064: 11061: 11060: 11058: 11056: 11052: 11046: 11043: 11041: 11038: 11035: 11031: 11028: 11026: 11023: 11021: 11018: 11016: 11013: 11011: 11008: 11006: 11003: 11002: 10999: 10996: 10994: 10990: 10980: 10977: 10976: 10974: 10970: 10964: 10961: 10959: 10956: 10954: 10951: 10949: 10946: 10944: 10941: 10939: 10936: 10934: 10931: 10929: 10926: 10925: 10923: 10921: 10917: 10911: 10908: 10906: 10903: 10901: 10898: 10897: 10895: 10891: 10885: 10882: 10879: 10877: 10874: 10872: 10869: 10867: 10864: 10862: 10859: 10857: 10854: 10852: 10849: 10847: 10844: 10842: 10839: 10838: 10836: 10834: 10830: 10824: 10821: 10820: 10818: 10816: 10812: 10806: 10803: 10801: 10798: 10796: 10793: 10792: 10790: 10788: 10784: 10778: 10777:2025 election 10775: 10773: 10770: 10768: 10765: 10763: 10760: 10759: 10757: 10755: 10751: 10745: 10742: 10741: 10739: 10737: 10733: 10727: 10724: 10722: 10719: 10717: 10714: 10713: 10710: 10707: 10705: 10701: 10695: 10692: 10690: 10689:Member states 10687: 10685: 10682: 10680: 10677: 10676: 10674: 10672: 10668: 10660: 10657: 10655: 10652: 10651: 10650: 10649: 10645: 10643: 10640: 10638: 10635: 10633: 10630: 10628: 10625: 10623: 10620: 10618: 10615: 10613: 10610: 10608: 10605: 10604: 10602: 10600: 10596: 10592: 10591:African Union 10585: 10580: 10578: 10573: 10571: 10566: 10565: 10562: 10550: 10549: 10548:Africa portal 10544: 10540: 10538: 10537: 10528: 10527: 10524: 10514: 10511: 10510: 10508: 10504: 10498: 10495: 10493: 10490: 10488: 10485: 10483: 10480: 10479: 10477: 10473: 10467: 10464: 10462: 10459: 10458: 10456: 10452: 10446: 10443: 10441: 10438: 10437: 10435: 10431: 10425: 10422: 10420: 10417: 10416: 10414: 10410: 10407: 10403:fully part of 10399: 10391: 10387: 10383: 10377: 10374: 10373: 10371: 10367: 10364: 10361: 10354: 10348: 10345: 10342: 10338: 10335: 10334: 10332: 10329: 10322: 10317: 10307: 10304: 10302: 10299: 10297: 10294: 10292: 10289: 10287: 10284: 10282: 10279: 10277: 10274: 10272: 10269: 10267: 10264: 10262: 10259: 10257: 10254: 10252: 10249: 10247: 10244: 10242: 10239: 10237: 10234: 10232: 10229: 10227: 10224: 10222: 10219: 10217: 10214: 10212: 10209: 10207: 10204: 10202: 10199: 10197: 10194: 10192: 10189: 10187: 10184: 10182: 10179: 10177: 10174: 10172: 10169: 10167: 10164: 10162: 10159: 10157: 10156:Guinea-Bissau 10154: 10152: 10149: 10147: 10144: 10142: 10139: 10137: 10134: 10132: 10129: 10127: 10124: 10122: 10119: 10117: 10114: 10111: 10108: 10106: 10103: 10101: 10098: 10096: 10093: 10091: 10088: 10086: 10083: 10081: 10078: 10076: 10073: 10071: 10068: 10066: 10063: 10061: 10058: 10056: 10053: 10051: 10048: 10046: 10043: 10041: 10038: 10037: 10035: 10033: 10029: 10025: 10021: 10014: 10009: 10007: 10002: 10000: 9995: 9994: 9991: 9985: 9978: 9966: 9963: 9962: 9957: 9953: 9950: 9946: 9945: 9941: 9931: 9928: 9926: 9923: 9921: 9918: 9916: 9913: 9911: 9908: 9906: 9903: 9901: 9898: 9896: 9893: 9891: 9888: 9886: 9883: 9881: 9878: 9876: 9875:Ethnic groups 9873: 9871: 9868: 9866: 9863: 9861: 9858: 9856: 9853: 9851: 9848: 9846: 9843: 9842: 9839: 9836: 9834: 9830: 9820: 9817: 9815: 9812: 9810: 9807: 9805: 9802: 9800: 9797: 9795: 9792: 9788: 9782: 9781: 9780: 9777: 9776: 9773: 9770: 9768: 9764: 9754: 9751: 9749: 9746: 9744: 9741: 9737: 9734: 9733: 9732: 9729: 9727: 9724: 9720: 9717: 9715: 9712: 9711: 9710: 9707: 9705: 9702: 9700: 9697: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9683: 9680: 9679: 9678: 9675: 9673: 9670: 9668: 9665: 9661: 9658: 9657: 9656: 9653: 9651: 9648: 9647: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9635: 9625: 9622: 9620: 9617: 9615: 9612: 9610: 9607: 9605: 9602: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9592: 9591: 9588: 9585: 9583: 9579: 9573: 9570: 9566: 9563: 9562: 9561: 9558: 9556: 9553: 9549: 9546: 9544: 9541: 9540: 9538: 9534: 9531: 9529: 9526: 9525: 9524: 9523:Ruanda-Urundi 9521: 9519: 9516: 9512: 9509: 9508: 9507: 9504: 9502: 9499: 9497: 9496:Urewe culture 9494: 9492: 9489: 9488: 9486: 9484: 9480: 9476: 9472: 9465: 9460: 9458: 9453: 9451: 9446: 9445: 9442: 9436: 9432: 9429: 9427: 9419: 9417: 9413: 9410: 9408: 9404: 9399: 9395: 9394: 9389: 9384: 9382: 9378: 9375: 9372: 9368: 9367: 9362: 9359: 9357: 9354: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9343: 9340: 9334: 9331: 9327: 9324: 9320: 9319: 9314: 9313: 9312: 9306: 9302: 9281:1st. edition. 9278: 9276:0-8108-0962-1 9272: 9268: 9263: 9261: 9257: 9255: 9251: 9249: 9245: 9243: 9239: 9235: 9229: 9225: 9220: 9217: 9213: 9210: 9206: 9203: 9199: 9195: 9193: 9189: 9187: 9183: 9179: 9177:0-465-00071-1 9173: 9169: 9168: 9162: 9160: 9157: 9154: 9152: 9148: 9146: 9142: 9138: 9136:1-85743-183-9 9132: 9128: 9123: 9121: 9117: 9116: 9104: 9098: 9094: 9093: 9087: 9083: 9081:0-8108-5302-7 9077: 9073: 9068: 9067: 9045: 9041: 9035: 9031: 9030: 9022: 9020: 9018: 9016: 9014: 9012: 9004: 9000: 8997: 8992: 8985: 8981: 8978: 8973: 8964: 8958: 8942: 8936: 8920: 8916: 8912: 8906: 8904: 8902: 8894: 8890: 8886: 8883: 8878: 8872: 8871:0-8389-0695-8 8868: 8864: 8858: 8849: 8843: 8827: 8821: 8812: 8806: 8790: 8784: 8778: 8777:0-299-10214-9 8774: 8770: 8766: 8760: 8753: 8749: 8745: 8741: 8738: 8733: 8724: 8718: 8702: 8696: 8694: 8687: 8683: 8679: 8675: 8669: 8660: 8654: 8638: 8632: 8624: 8620: 8614: 8612: 8610: 8608: 8599: 8595: 8589: 8587: 8578: 8574: 8570: 8566: 8561: 8556: 8551: 8546: 8542: 8538: 8534: 8527: 8525: 8523: 8521: 8513: 8508: 8501: 8497: 8493: 8490: 8485: 8478: 8474: 8471: 8466: 8459: 8455: 8451: 8448: 8442: 8436: 8434: 8429: 8425: 8422: 8416: 8414: 8406: 8402: 8399: 8393: 8377: 8370: 8364: 8348: 8344: 8338: 8322: 8318: 8312: 8296: 8292: 8286: 8270: 8266: 8262: 8256: 8249: 8248:The Economist 8245: 8241: 8238: 8233: 8225: 8213: 8197: 8193: 8191:9789280534320 8187: 8183: 8179: 8175: 8174: 8166: 8157: 8151: 8135: 8129: 8110: 8103: 8097: 8090: 8085: 8078: 8074: 8071: 8065: 8056: 8050: 8034: 8028: 8021: 8017: 8014: 8009: 8002: 7997: 7981: 7977: 7973: 7967: 7960: 7959:2-8317-0477-4 7956: 7952: 7948: 7944: 7938: 7930: 7928:0-313-28112-2 7924: 7920: 7913: 7906: 7902: 7896: 7889: 7885: 7882: 7876: 7870: 7869:0-600-61557-X 7866: 7862: 7856: 7850: 7849:0-8242-0955-9 7846: 7842: 7838: 7832: 7824: 7820: 7815: 7810: 7806: 7802: 7798: 7794: 7790: 7786: 7782: 7774: 7755: 7751: 7745: 7729: 7725: 7719: 7700: 7693: 7689: 7683: 7676: 7671: 7655: 7651: 7647: 7640: 7638: 7628: 7622: 7606: 7599: 7584: 7580: 7573: 7571: 7554: 7550: 7546: 7540: 7524: 7520: 7516: 7512: 7508: 7501: 7485: 7481: 7477: 7473: 7469: 7462: 7460: 7452: 7448: 7445: 7440: 7421: 7417: 7416: 7408: 7402: 7386: 7382: 7378: 7372: 7356: 7352: 7348: 7342: 7326: 7322: 7318: 7311: 7304: 7300: 7296: 7293: 7288: 7280: 7274: 7270: 7263: 7261: 7259: 7257: 7237: 7233: 7226: 7220: 7218: 7216: 7206: 7200: 7184: 7178: 7169: 7163: 7147: 7141: 7125: 7121: 7117: 7110: 7094: 7090: 7086: 7080: 7072: 7060: 7044: 7040: 7036: 7032: 7028: 7021: 7005: 7001: 6997: 6991: 6989: 6972: 6968: 6964: 6960: 6956: 6949: 6947: 6945: 6928: 6924: 6920: 6914: 6898: 6894: 6890: 6886: 6881: 6873: 6857: 6853: 6852:www.ohchr.org 6849: 6843: 6841: 6824: 6820: 6819:www.ohchr.org 6816: 6810: 6803: 6800: 6796: 6793: 6788: 6781: 6777: 6774: 6769: 6762: 6758: 6755: 6750: 6743: 6739: 6735: 6732: 6726: 6719: 6715: 6712: 6707: 6700: 6696: 6693: 6688: 6681: 6677: 6673: 6670: 6665: 6649: 6645: 6641: 6635: 6619: 6615: 6611: 6607: 6606:The Economist 6603: 6597: 6590: 6586: 6583: 6578: 6562: 6558: 6554: 6550: 6549:The Economist 6546: 6540: 6524: 6520: 6516: 6509: 6493: 6489: 6488: 6483: 6476: 6469: 6465: 6462: 6457: 6441: 6437: 6431: 6427: 6423: 6419: 6418: 6410: 6403: 6399: 6396: 6391: 6384: 6380: 6377: 6372: 6370: 6368: 6366: 6356: 6350: 6334: 6328: 6321: 6317: 6313: 6308: 6306: 6304: 6287: 6283: 6279: 6275: 6271: 6267: 6263: 6259: 6255: 6254:Ethnopolitics 6250: 6242: 6233: 6231: 6229: 6227: 6210: 6206: 6202: 6195: 6179: 6175: 6171: 6165: 6146: 6142: 6135: 6128: 6112: 6108: 6102: 6098: 6097: 6089: 6082: 6078: 6074: 6071: 6065: 6058: 6057:0-87586-416-3 6054: 6050: 6044: 6037: 6032: 6026: 6007: 6001: 5994: 5990: 5986: 5983: 5978: 5971: 5967: 5963: 5958: 5949: 5943: 5935: 5929: 5913: 5908: 5905: 5904:Robert Melson 5901: 5897: 5894: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5882: 5878: 5875: 5871: 5870: 5868: 5864: 5860: 5857: 5852: 5845: 5844:0-7614-7306-8 5841: 5837: 5831: 5823: 5817: 5813: 5808: 5807: 5798: 5788: 5786: 5779: 5775: 5772: 5766: 5759: 5753: 5746: 5740: 5724: 5720: 5714: 5710: 5709: 5701: 5692: 5686: 5682: 5679: 5675: 5670: 5663: 5659: 5656: 5651: 5644: 5639: 5632: 5628: 5625: 5620: 5612: 5610:1-85728-533-6 5606: 5602: 5595: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5577: 5572: 5565: 5561: 5558: 5553: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5523: 5521: 5519: 5517: 5515: 5513: 5511: 5502: 5500:0-7614-7158-8 5496: 5492: 5488: 5487: 5479: 5471: 5469:0-915984-20-2 5465: 5461: 5454: 5452: 5443: 5441:0-915984-20-2 5437: 5433: 5426: 5424: 5422: 5414: 5413:0-19-926191-1 5410: 5404: 5397: 5393: 5389: 5386: 5381: 5379: 5377: 5375: 5373: 5371: 5369: 5367: 5365: 5363: 5361: 5344: 5340: 5336: 5330: 5323: 5310: 5306: 5302: 5296: 5280: 5276: 5270: 5261: 5259: 5251: 5247: 5241: 5232: 5223: 5213: 5197: 5193: 5189: 5182: 5180: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5156: 5150: 5149:0-226-04468-8 5146: 5142: 5136: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5106: 5104: 5087: 5083: 5081:9782813001955 5077: 5073: 5072: 5063: 5056: 5051: 5049: 5033: 5029: 5025: 5019: 5017: 5015: 5013: 5011: 5009: 5007: 5005: 4996: 4990: 4986: 4982: 4975: 4959: 4955: 4949: 4933: 4929: 4923: 4904: 4900: 4899: 4891: 4885: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4855: 4839: 4835: 4831: 4827: 4821: 4819: 4817: 4815: 4799: 4795: 4794: 4789: 4783: 4767: 4763: 4757: 4738: 4731: 4725: 4716: 4714: 4712: 4695: 4691: 4687: 4681: 4673: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4644: 4628: 4624: 4620: 4614: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4583: 4567: 4563: 4557: 4553: 4539: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4518: 4514: 4510: 4505: 4499: 4498: 4488: 4455: 4454: 4442: 4435: 4401: 4397: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4363: 4359: 4348: 4341: 4338: 4333: 4330: 4325: 4323: 4319: 4314: 4311: 4307: 4305: 4295: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4283: 4279: 4275: 4271: 4267: 4262: 4259: 4253: 4244: 4234: 4222: 4217: 4208: 4207: 4198: 4188: 4186: 4181: 4179: 4175: 4170: 4168: 4159: 4155: 4153: 4150:, indonongo, 4149: 4145: 4141: 4137: 4132: 4128: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4113: 4111: 4106: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4067: 4062: 4053: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4033: 4023: 4021: 4017: 4013: 4007: 3997: 3995: 3991: 3987: 3983: 3977: 3967: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3938: 3934: 3930: 3924: 3920: 3911: 3903: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3880: 3879: 3875: 3873: 3870: 3868: 3865: 3862: 3861: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3844: 3843: 3839: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3826: 3825: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3808: 3807: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3790: 3789: 3785: 3783: 3780: 3778: 3775: 3772: 3771: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3754: 3753: 3749: 3747: 3744: 3742: 3739: 3736: 3735: 3732: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3700: 3697: 3695: 3690: 3685: 3680: 3675: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3664: 3662: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3653: 3634: 3625: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3610: 3606: 3602: 3601:Kenya Airways 3598: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3577: 3570: 3566: 3561: 3547: 3544: 3541: 3538: 3535: 3532: 3529: 3526: 3523: 3520: 3517: 3516: 3513: 3510: 3507: 3504: 3501: 3498: 3495: 3492: 3489: 3486: 3483: 3479: 3478: 3475: 3472: 3469: 3466: 3463: 3460: 3457: 3454: 3451: 3448: 3445: 3441: 3440: 3437: 3434: 3431: 3428: 3425: 3422: 3419: 3416: 3413: 3410: 3407: 3403: 3402: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3388: 3383: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3367: 3357: 3355: 3350: 3348: 3344: 3339: 3337: 3331: 3329: 3324: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3301: 3297: 3295: 3291: 3286: 3282: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3267: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3251: 3241: 3236: 3230: 3219: 3209: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3186: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3175:Lake Victoria 3172: 3168: 3164: 3159: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3133: 3129: 3125: 3121: 3115: 3111: 3102: 3094: 3085: 3077: 3074: 3069: 3067: 3059: 3056: 3053: 3050: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3040: 3039: 3035: 3032: 3029: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3019: 3016: 3015: 3011: 3008: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2991: 2987: 2984: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2967: 2963: 2960: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2943: 2939: 2936: 2933: 2930: 2928: 2925: 2923: 2920: 2919: 2916: 2915: 2910: 2906: 2903: 2900: 2897: 2895: 2892: 2890: 2887: 2886: 2882: 2879: 2876: 2873: 2871: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2862: 2858: 2855: 2852: 2849: 2847: 2844: 2842: 2839: 2838: 2835: 2834: 2829: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2805: 2801: 2798: 2795: 2792: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2781: 2777: 2774: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2757: 2753: 2750: 2747: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2733: 2729: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2713: 2710: 2709: 2706: 2705: 2700: 2696: 2693: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2676: 2672: 2669: 2666: 2663: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2653: 2652: 2648: 2645: 2642: 2639: 2637: 2634: 2632: 2629: 2628: 2624: 2621: 2618: 2615: 2613: 2610: 2608: 2605: 2604: 2601: 2600: 2595: 2591: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2575: 2572: 2566: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2555: 2550: 2547: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2526: 2514: 2509: 2500: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2477: 2475: 2470: 2468: 2467:homosexuality 2463: 2461: 2457: 2453: 2449: 2443: 2439: 2425: 2421: 2419: 2414: 2411: 2407: 2402: 2400: 2394: 2390: 2388: 2384: 2379: 2377: 2376:Arusha Accord 2373: 2369: 2368:Pierre Buyoya 2365: 2361: 2357: 2356:head of state 2353: 2350: 2342: 2338: 2333: 2323: 2321: 2316: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2301: 2299: 2295: 2290: 2288: 2284: 2279: 2277: 2272: 2262: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2231: 2226: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2215:African Union 2212: 2207: 2204: 2200: 2197: 2191: 2181: 2179: 2175: 2170: 2166: 2164: 2160: 2159:Agathon Rwasa 2154: 2150: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2135: 2130: 2128: 2123: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2100: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2081: 2075: 2071: 2069: 2064: 2062: 2058: 2047: 2044: 2029: 2017: 2012: 2003: 2002: 1993: 1982: 1979: 1975: 1972: 1968: 1965: 1961: 1958: 1954: 1951: – 1950: 1946: 1945:Find sources: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1925: 1924: 1923:single source 1919:This section 1917: 1913: 1908: 1907: 1902: 1900: 1893: 1892: 1887: 1886: 1881: 1876: 1867: 1866: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1844: 1839: 1837: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1811: 1809: 1805: 1803: 1798: 1791: 1786: 1782: 1780: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1763:refugee camps 1760: 1756: 1755:Pierre Buyoya 1751: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1732: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1712: 1710: 1705: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1686:Pierre Buyoya 1682: 1679: 1674: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1659:Pierre Buyoya 1655: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1640: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1591: 1587: 1577: 1575: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1550: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1524:during which 1523: 1519: 1514: 1512: 1508: 1503: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1488: 1486: 1481: 1479: 1474: 1471: 1462: 1455: 1450: 1441: 1439: 1434: 1430: 1425: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1408: 1404: 1403:Ruanda-Urundi 1399: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1376:allied powers 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1356: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1333:German Empire 1330: 1326: 1322: 1316: 1315:Ruanda-Urundi 1312: 1302: 1300: 1294: 1290: 1288: 1284: 1277: 1267: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1251: 1250:Ruanda-Urundi 1247: 1237: 1235: 1231: 1230:Ruanda-Urundi 1227: 1223: 1213: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1194:African Union 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1149:Deforestation 1147:and grazing. 1146: 1141: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1109: 1107: 1103: 1102:authoritarian 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1051:Rwanda-Urundi 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1015: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1002:to the west; 1001: 997: 993: 989: 985: 981: 977: 973: 963: 954: 949: 946: 943: 941: 937: 934: 931: 929: 928:ISO 3166 code 925: 921: 919: 915: 911: 905: 901: 897: 893: 889: 886: 882: 878: 862: 856: 852: 842: 836: 832: 828: 819: 813: 809: 800: 794: 790: 784: 780: 776: 767: 761: 757: 748: 742: 738: 734: 728: 724: 720: 716: 710: 706: 702: 696: 693: 689: 685: 679: 675: 671: 665: 662: 658: 654: 650: 647: 641: 637: 631: 627: 621: 617: 614: 613:Ruanda-Urundi 608: 604: 601: 595: 591: 588: 582: 578: 575: 571: 568: 565: 562: 556: 553: 550: 547: 541: 538: 535: 531: 527: 524: 521: 518: 512: 509: 506: 503: 497: 494: 491: 488: 482: 478: 474: 473:authoritarian 470: 466: 464: 460: 457: 454: 452: 448: 442: 438: 434: 432: 428: 426: 422: 415: 411: 409: 408:Protestantism 405: 403: 399: 398: 397: 393: 392: 390: 389: 387: 380: 371: 368: 361: 357: 355: 351: 349: 345: 344: 343: 339: 338: 336: 335: 333: 324: 320: 314: 311: 309: 306: 304: 301: 299: 296: 295: 293: 289: 286: 283: 279: 274: 245: 242: 238: 229: 219: 212: 200:"Our Burundi" 193: 191: 190:Burundi Bwacu 184: 180: 165: 154: 143: 132: 131: 129: 125: 119: 113: 105: 99: 91: 82: 75: 71: 67: 60: 56: 52: 45: 41: 40: 33: 30: 19: 12091: 12069:Nazi Germany 12067:(claimed by 12050:Unrecognised 11737:Organization 11299: 11295:Burkina Faso 10646: 10632:Abuja Treaty 10546: 10534: 10376:Îles Éparses 10266:South Africa 10256:Sierra Leone 10064: 10060:Burkina Faso 9920:Prostitution 9865:Demographics 9819:Trade unions 9677:Human rights 9655:Constitution 9470: 9391: 9380: 9364: 9309: 9308: 9307:profile for 9304: 9266: 9259: 9258:Watt, Nigel 9253: 9252:Uvin, Peter 9247: 9241: 9223: 9215: 9208: 9201: 9197: 9191: 9185: 9166: 9158: 9150: 9144: 9126: 9119: 9091: 9071: 9063:Bibliography 9048:. Retrieved 9028: 8991: 8972: 8945:. Retrieved 8935: 8923:. Retrieved 8914: 8877: 8862: 8857: 8830:. Retrieved 8820: 8793:. Retrieved 8783: 8764: 8759: 8747: 8732: 8705:. Retrieved 8673: 8668: 8641:. Retrieved 8631: 8622: 8597: 8540: 8536: 8507: 8484: 8465: 8441: 8431: 8392: 8380:. Retrieved 8363: 8351:. Retrieved 8337: 8325:. Retrieved 8311: 8299:. Retrieved 8295:the original 8285: 8273:. Retrieved 8264: 8255: 8247: 8232: 8200:. Retrieved 8172: 8165: 8138:. Retrieved 8128: 8116:. Retrieved 8096: 8091:, p. xlviii. 8084: 8064: 8037:. Retrieved 8027: 8008: 7996: 7984:. Retrieved 7975: 7966: 7942: 7937: 7918: 7912: 7905:Philadelphia 7900: 7895: 7875: 7860: 7855: 7836: 7831: 7788: 7784: 7773: 7761:. Retrieved 7744: 7732:. Retrieved 7728:the original 7718: 7706:. Retrieved 7682: 7670: 7658:. Retrieved 7649: 7609:. Retrieved 7598: 7586:. Retrieved 7582: 7557:. Retrieved 7548: 7539: 7527:. Retrieved 7510: 7500: 7488:. Retrieved 7471: 7439: 7427:. Retrieved 7413: 7401: 7389:. Retrieved 7371: 7359:. Retrieved 7350: 7341: 7329:. Retrieved 7320: 7310: 7287: 7268: 7245:20 September 7243:. Retrieved 7231: 7187:. Retrieved 7177: 7150:. Retrieved 7140: 7128:. Retrieved 7119: 7109: 7097:. Retrieved 7088: 7079: 7047:. Retrieved 7031:The Guardian 7030: 7020: 7008:. Retrieved 6999: 6975:. Retrieved 6958: 6931:. Retrieved 6927:the original 6922: 6913: 6901:. Retrieved 6884: 6872: 6860:. Retrieved 6851: 6827:. Retrieved 6818: 6809: 6802:The Guardian 6801: 6787: 6768: 6749: 6741: 6725: 6706: 6687: 6680:The Guardian 6679: 6664: 6652:. Retrieved 6644:nation.co.ke 6643: 6634: 6622:. Retrieved 6605: 6596: 6577: 6565:. Retrieved 6548: 6539: 6527:. Retrieved 6518: 6508: 6496:. Retrieved 6485: 6475: 6456: 6444:. Retrieved 6416: 6409: 6390: 6337:. Retrieved 6327: 6290:. Retrieved 6257: 6253: 6241: 6213:. Retrieved 6204: 6194: 6182:. Retrieved 6173: 6164: 6152:. Retrieved 6140: 6127: 6115:. Retrieved 6095: 6088: 6080: 6064: 6048: 6043: 6013:. Retrieved 6000: 5992: 5977: 5957: 5948: 5916:. Retrieved 5899: 5892: 5880: 5873: 5851: 5835: 5830: 5805: 5797: 5765: 5757: 5752: 5744: 5739: 5727:. Retrieved 5707: 5700: 5691: 5669: 5650: 5645:, pp. 17, 21 5638: 5619: 5600: 5594: 5586: 5571: 5552: 5540:. Retrieved 5531: 5485: 5478: 5459: 5431: 5403: 5349:16 September 5347:. Retrieved 5338: 5329: 5320: 5315:16 September 5313:. Retrieved 5304: 5295: 5283:. Retrieved 5279:the original 5269: 5240: 5231: 5222: 5212: 5200:. Retrieved 5192:The Guardian 5191: 5165: 5155: 5140: 5135: 5123:. Retrieved 5114: 5090:. Retrieved 5069: 5062: 5036:, retrieved 5027: 4984: 4980: 4974: 4962:. Retrieved 4948: 4936:. Retrieved 4922: 4910:. Retrieved 4896: 4884: 4872:. Retrieved 4863: 4854: 4842:. Retrieved 4829: 4801:. Retrieved 4791: 4782: 4770:. Retrieved 4766:the original 4756: 4744:. Retrieved 4737:the original 4724: 4698:. Retrieved 4689: 4680: 4653: 4643: 4631:. Retrieved 4622: 4613: 4601:. Retrieved 4592: 4582: 4570:. Retrieved 4556: 4504: 4400: 4334: 4328: 4326: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4308: 4303: 4301: 4293: 4290: 4263: 4255: 4228: 4220: 4182: 4171: 4164: 4133: 4129: 4114: 4109: 4107: 4087:civil unrest 4084: 4035: 4009: 3979: 3948: 3945: 3926: 3628:Demographics 3584: 3582: 3518:From OANDA: 3387:central bank 3384: 3369: 3351: 3340: 3336:Microfinance 3332: 3325: 3306: 3287: 3283: 3279:malnutrition 3268: 3246: 3206:Rurubu River 3187: 3179:Kagera River 3160: 3158:ecoregions. 3117: 3083: 3070: 3065: 2912: 2831: 2702: 2597: 2558: 2551: 2548: 2542:, and 2,638 2533: 2520: 2512: 2480:Subdivisions 2471: 2464: 2445: 2432:Human rights 2418:Cour Suprême 2417: 2415: 2410:the election 2403: 2395: 2391: 2380: 2349:presidential 2346: 2317: 2302: 2291: 2280: 2268: 2227: 2219:South Africa 2208: 2201: 2193: 2171: 2167: 2155: 2151: 2131: 2124: 2105: 2094:2006 to 2018 2088: 2084: 2080:constitution 2076: 2072: 2065: 2054: 2039: 2023: 2015: 1987: 1977: 1970: 1963: 1956: 1944: 1920: 1896: 1889: 1883: 1882:Please help 1879: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1840: 1836:Bill Clinton 1817: 1806: 1799: 1795: 1767:South Africa 1752: 1733: 1718: 1701: 1698: 1683: 1675: 1656: 1641: 1593: 1551: 1522:Congo Crisis 1515: 1504: 1489: 1482: 1467: 1456:(1962–1966). 1452:Flag of the 1444:Independence 1426: 1400: 1357: 1318: 1298: 1295: 1291: 1286: 1282: 1279: 1253: 1219: 1157:habitat loss 1153:soil erosion 1142: 1110: 1090:coup attempt 1053:. After the 1037:. After the 1016: 975: 971: 970: 952: 940:Internet TLD 797:• Total 745:• Total 668:• Total 475:dictatorship 396:Christianity 281:Largest city 182: 128:Motto: 127: 118:Coat of arms 29: 12113: / 12010:Concessions 11931:West Africa 11909:East Africa 11805:LGBT rights 11698:South Korea 11500:Switzerland 11480:Saint Lucia 11400:Ivory Coast 11025:Enlargement 10800:Secretariat 10762:Chairperson 10744:Chairperson 10654:Chairperson 10642:Lome Summit 10440:Pantelleria 10360:territories 10328:recognition 10271:South Sudan 10161:Ivory Coast 9905:LGBT rights 9794:Agriculture 9682:LGBT rights 9386:‹ The 9336:(in French) 9321:Records of 9050:8 September 8925:14 November 8795:24 November 8140:30 November 8003:, p. xlvii. 7559:10 November 7529:10 November 7490:10 November 7099:11 December 7067:|last= 6260:(1): 1–18. 4964:24 February 4772:17 December 4746:17 December 4185:Eid al-Fitr 4119:and singer 4064:Drums from 4042:biomedicine 3614:MV Mwongozo 2584:Population 2245:and cruel, 2184:2015 unrest 1832:Thabo Mbeki 1759:coup d'état 1696:broke out. 1661:, a Tutsi, 1604:gendarmerie 1539:coup d'état 1378:launched a 1358:During the 1188:. The 2018 1178:instability 868: 0.420 825:$ 245 ( 773:$ 890 ( 651:17 May 2018 628:1 July 1962 561:Lower house 546:Upper house 533:Legislature 412:4.5% other 402:Catholicism 328:1980 census 268: / 12128:Categories 12064:New Swabia 12057:Antarctica 11978:New Guinea 11942:Neukamerun 11673:Mozambique 11668:Montenegro 11495:Seychelles 11435:Mauritania 11425:Madagascar 11415:Luxembourg 11320:Cape Verde 11146:Africa Day 11100:Currencies 10754:Commission 10347:Somaliland 10251:Seychelles 10216:Mozambique 10201:Mauritania 10186:Madagascar 10141:The Gambia 10075:Cape Verde 9786:(currency) 9709:Parliament 8301:27 January 8202:29 October 7785:BioScience 7677:, p. xlix. 6862:10 October 6829:10 October 6529:12 October 6498:12 October 6446:4 November 6141:Swisspeace 6117:14 October 6081:China View 5993:Relief Web 5918:15 October 5729:10 October 5285:27 January 5038:5 February 4874:13 January 4844:24 October 4623:British GQ 4572:10 October 4548:References 4302:Burundi's 4195:See also: 4127:, Kenya). 4050:death rate 4012:Protestant 3311:, nickel, 3233:See also: 3167:Nile River 3163:Mount Heha 2436:See also: 2326:Government 2143:war crimes 2110:, Rwanda, 2026:March 2018 1990:March 2018 1960:newspapers 1885:improve it 1612:Nyanza-Lac 1480:(UPRONA). 1388:Lake Force 1349:Tanganyika 1234:"Usumbura" 1186:illiteracy 1174:corruption 692:Population 537:Parliament 463:Government 451:Demonym(s) 222:Show globe 12184:Republics 11955:Mahinland 11658:Louisiana 11653:Lithuania 11598:Argentina 11591:Observers 11440:Mauritius 10671:Geography 10358:Dependent 10206:Mauritius 9900:Languages 9870:Education 9814:Transport 9731:President 9689:Judiciary 9667:Elections 9614:Provinces 9582:Geography 9414:from the 8678:Cape Town 8619:"Burundi" 8275:27 August 8222:ignored ( 8212:cite book 8160:mfw4a.org 8039:21 August 7986:27 August 7953:, p. 74. 7805:0006-3568 7519:0362-4331 7480:0362-4331 7146:"Burundi" 7130:5 October 7059:cite news 7039:0261-3077 7010:8 January 6977:8 January 6967:0362-4331 6933:8 January 6903:8 January 6893:0362-4331 6614:0013-0613 6557:0013-0613 6333:"Burundi" 6292:3 January 6282:149937031 6274:1744-9057 6215:3 January 6154:3 January 6015:4 January 5275:"Burundi" 5162:"Burundi" 5024:"Burundi" 4788:"Burundi" 4672:1474-7731 4633:5 January 4603:5 January 4274:Bujumbura 4231:June 2018 4202:Education 4046:fertility 3970:Languages 3702:Bujumbura 3684:Bujumbura 3554:Transport 3356:in 2023. 3088:Geography 3003:1,635.53 2979:1,059.84 2951:Bujumbura 2931:1,089.04 2898:1,079.72 2874:1,959.60 2850:1,644.68 2817:1,473.86 2793:1,836.26 2769:1,703.34 2745:1,233.24 2721:1,457.40 2688:2,338.88 2664:1,959.45 2640:1,978.96 2616:1,964.54 2592:Communes 2573:Province 2536:provinces 2523:June 2023 2383:bicameral 2122:in 2007. 2112:D.R.Congo 1949:"Burundi" 1930:talk page 1891:talk page 1753:In 1996, 1704:genocides 1694:civil war 1671:Marangara 1492:elections 1216:Etymology 1074:one-party 1070:1966 coup 1012:Bujumbura 918:Drives on 899:Time zone 787:(nominal) 618:1916–1962 605:1890–1916 592:1680–1966 487:President 471:under an 456:Burundian 414:Christian 382:Religion 285:Bujumbura 197:(Kirundi) 173:(English) 151:(Swahili) 140:(Kirundi) 12037:Tientsin 12030:Tsingtao 11960:Togoland 11919:Wituland 11893:Colonies 11844:Category 11800:TV5Monde 11724:Thailand 11693:Slovenia 11688:Slovakia 11355:Dominica 11350:Djibouti 11310:Cameroon 11305:Cambodia 11290:Bulgaria 11200:Category 11078:Passport 10993:Politics 10736:Assembly 10536:Category 10454:Portugal 10306:Zimbabwe 10281:Tanzania 10131:Ethiopia 10126:Eswatini 10105:Djibouti 10070:Cameroon 10055:Botswana 9965:Category 9930:Religion 9885:Football 9845:Abortion 9699:Military 9638:Politics 9624:Wildlife 9604:Communes 9491:Timeline 9475:articles 9416:BBC News 9388:template 9342:Archived 9326:Archived 9044:Archived 8999:Archived 8980:Archived 8957:cite web 8919:Archived 8885:Archived 8842:cite web 8805:cite web 8740:Archived 8717:cite web 8653:cite web 8569:29452365 8492:Archived 8473:Archived 8450:Archived 8424:Archived 8401:Archived 8321:Archived 8269:Archived 8240:Archived 8196:Archived 8150:cite web 8109:Archived 8073:Archived 8049:cite web 8016:Archived 7980:Archived 7884:Archived 7823:28608869 7699:Archived 7654:Archived 7621:cite web 7583:Statoids 7553:Archived 7523:Archived 7484:Archived 7447:Archived 7420:Archived 7385:Archived 7355:Archived 7325:Archived 7295:Archived 7236:Archived 7199:cite web 7162:cite web 7124:Archived 7093:Archived 7089:BBC News 7043:Archived 7004:Archived 6971:Archived 6897:Archived 6856:Archived 6823:Archived 6795:Archived 6776:Archived 6757:Archived 6734:Archived 6714:Archived 6695:Archived 6672:Archived 6648:Archived 6618:Archived 6585:Archived 6561:Archived 6523:Archived 6492:Archived 6464:Archived 6440:Archived 6398:Archived 6379:Archived 6349:cite web 6316:Archived 6286:Archived 6209:Archived 6178:Archived 6145:Archived 6143:: 1–59. 6111:Archived 6073:Archived 6025:cite web 5985:Archived 5966:Archived 5928:cite web 5859:Archived 5774:Archived 5723:Archived 5681:Archived 5658:Archived 5627:Archived 5579:Archived 5560:Archived 5542:27 April 5536:Archived 5532:BBC News 5388:Archived 5343:Archived 5309:Archived 5202:15 March 5196:Archived 5170:Archived 5166:Mongabay 5119:Archived 5092:10 April 5086:Archived 5057:, p. ix. 5032:archived 4958:Archived 4932:Archived 4903:Archived 4868:Archived 4838:Archived 4694:Archived 4656:: 1–16. 4627:Archived 4597:Archived 4566:Archived 4344:See also 4280:and the 4276:and the 4258:literacy 4140:karyenda 4016:Anglican 4000:Religion 3800:Cibitoke 3795:Cibitoke 3750:135,467 3711:374,809 3666:Province 3605:RwandAir 3376:centimes 3360:Currency 3321:platinum 3271:HIV/AIDS 3212:Wildlife 3140:Tanzania 3054:273,143 3030:292,589 3023:Muramvya 3018:Muramvya 3006:460,435 2999:Cibitoke 2994:Cibitoke 2982:464,818 2958:497,166 2934:338,023 2901:352,026 2877:430,899 2853:313,102 2820:660,717 2796:632,409 2772:628,256 2748:585,412 2724:436,443 2691:400,530 2667:333,510 2643:725,223 2619:228,873 2576:Capital 2560:effect. 2544:collines 2540:communes 2307:and the 2139:Genocide 1779:Pretoria 1775:Tanzania 1637:Tanzania 1566:republic 1414:Usumbura 1345:Tanzania 1327:and the 1264:Eswatini 1256:Botswana 1066:monarchy 996:Tanzania 884:Currency 162:(French) 12134:Burundi 12101:30°00′E 11971:Oceania 11936:Kamerun 11814:Related 11763:Culture 11708:Uruguay 11703:Ukraine 11678:Ontario 11638:Ireland 11633:Hungary 11628:Georgia 11613:Croatia 11603:Austria 11520:Vietnam 11515:Vanuatu 11510:Tunisia 11490:Senegal 11470:Romania 11455:Morocco 11445:Moldova 11410:Lebanon 11335:Comoros 11300:Burundi 11280:Belgium 11275:Armenia 11270:Andorra 11265:Albania 11258:Members 11250:Members 11139:Culture 11092:Economy 11055:Symbols 10694:Regions 10679:Borders 10599:History 10513:Socotra 10492:Melilla 10461:Madeira 10424:Réunion 10419:Mayotte 10291:Tunisia 10261:Somalia 10246:Senegal 10231:Nigeria 10221:Namibia 10211:Morocco 10176:Liberia 10171:Lesotho 10121:Eritrea 10090:Comoros 10065:Burundi 10040:Algeria 9949:Outline 9860:Cuisine 9833:Culture 9809:Tourism 9767:Economy 9599:Climate 9483:History 9471:Burundi 9412:Burundi 9403:Burundi 9390:below ( 9377:Burundi 9361:Burundi 9311:Burundi 9305:country 9301:Scholia 8947:21 July 8832:21 July 8707:21 July 8643:21 July 8577:4917618 8512:Burundi 8502:. 2010. 8382:17 July 8353:17 July 8327:21 June 8118:28 June 7814:5451287 7763:14 July 7734:13 July 7708:14 July 7660:29 July 7611:21 July 7588:13 July 7361:3 March 7331:3 March 7189:21 July 7152:27 July 7049:8 March 6487:Reuters 6339:4 March 6059:p. 151. 5125:14 July 4830:IMF.org 4803:22 June 4700:28 June 4690:Reuters 4593:Barrons 4522:Swahili 4509:Kirundi 4221:updated 4180:games. 4178:mancala 4152:umuduri 4125:Nairobi 4056:Culture 3994:English 3986:Kirundi 3890:Muyinga 3885:Muyinga 3876:10,024 3872:Kirundo 3867:Kirundo 3858:10,705 3840:20,031 3836:Bubanza 3831:Bubanza 3822:21,767 3818:Kayanza 3813:Kayanza 3804:23,885 3786:35,931 3777:Rumonge 3768:39,884 3731:Rumonge 3648:Source: 3309:uranium 3255:sorghum 3223:Economy 3132:plateau 3051:839.60 3027:695.52 2961:5746.3 2927:Bubanza 2922:Bubanza 2894:Rumonge 2889:Rumonge 2870:Makamba 2865:Makamba 2789:Muyinga 2784:Muyinga 2765:Kirundo 2760:Kirundo 2741:Kayanza 2736:Kayanza 2612:Cankuzo 2607:Cankuzo 2554:Rumonge 2513:updated 2243:torture 2016:updated 1974:scholar 1678:amnesty 1608:Rumonge 1526:Western 1422:dynasty 1412:, with 1372:British 1368:Belgian 1260:Lesotho 1240:History 1226:Kirundi 1170:poverty 1130:Kirundi 1031:kingdom 982:in the 978:, is a 972:Burundi 953:Website 890:(FBu) ( 875: ( 644:• 585:• 559:• 544:• 515:• 500:• 485:• 342:Barundi 313:Swahili 308:English 298:Kirundi 256:30°00′E 240:Capital 183:Anthem: 81:Swahili 51:Kirundi 12098:3°30′S 11901:Africa 11683:Poland 11663:Mexico 11648:Latvia 11643:Kosovo 11577:Serbia 11572:Cyprus 11562:Gambia 11546:Quebec 11475:Rwanda 11450:Monaco 11385:Guinea 11380:Greece 11370:France 11315:Canada 11160:Theory 11068:Emblem 11063:Anthem 10958:AMISOM 10943:UNAMID 10795:Bureau 10704:Organs 10412:France 10369:France 10301:Zambia 10296:Uganda 10236:Rwanda 10191:Malawi 10151:Guinea 10045:Angola 10024:Africa 9890:Health 9799:Mining 9784:Franc 9714:Senate 9619:Rivers 9594:Cities 9473: 9407:Curlie 9393:Curlie 9303:has a 9273: 9230: 9174: 9133: 9099: 9078: 9036: 8911:"IDEA" 8869: 8775: 8684: 8575: 8567: 8479:(2022) 8372:(XSLX) 8188: 8089:Eggers 8001:Eggers 7957: 7925: 7867: 7847: 7821: 7811: 7803: 7675:Eggers 7517: 7478: 7429:6 July 7391:6 July 7275: 7037: 6965: 6891: 6654:14 May 6624:13 May 6612: 6567:14 May 6555: 6432: 6404:, 2008 6280: 6272: 6184:4 July 6103: 6055: 6036:UNESCO 5842: 5818: 5792:exile" 5715: 5607: 5497: 5466: 5438: 5411: 5248: 5147: 5078: 5071:France 5055:Eggers 4991: 4938:17 May 4670: 4530:French 4286:Gitega 4148:ikembe 4144:zither 4110:impeke 4079:, and 4066:Gitega 4026:Health 4020:Sunnis 3992:, and 3990:French 3894:9,609 3854:Karuzi 3849:Karuzi 3782:Bururi 3746:Gitega 3741:Gitega 3694:Gitega 3640: 3637: 3618:Kigoma 3609:Kigali 3482:XE.com 3317:copper 3313:cobalt 3292:; the 3259:manioc 3154:, and 3136:Rwanda 3076: 3057:325.3 3033:420.7 3009:281.5 2985:438.6 2955:86.52 2937:310.4 2904:326.0 2880:219.9 2856:190.4 2846:Bururi 2841:Bururi 2823:448.3 2799:344.4 2775:368.8 2751:474.7 2727:299.5 2717:Karuzi 2712:Karuzi 2694:171.2 2684:Ruyigi 2679:Ruyigi 2670:170.2 2660:Rutana 2655:Rutana 2646:366.5 2636:Gitega 2631:Gitega 2622:116.5 2581:(km) 2538:, 119 2492:, and 2298:Gitega 2213:, the 2057:Uganda 1976: 1969: 1962: 1955: 1947: 1771:Arusha 1657:Major 1633:Rwanda 1392:Tabora 1362:, the 1353:Gitega 1331:, the 1262:, and 1184:, and 1155:, and 1134:French 1124:. The 1045:, the 1008:Gitega 992:Rwanda 859:(2022) 857: 839:(2013) 837: 785: 729: 552:Senate 437:others 406:25.2% 400:63.7% 394:93.4% 384:(2020) 303:French 253:3°30′S 244:Gitega 195: 185: 171: 160: 149: 138: 77: 66:French 62: 47: 18:Urundi 12018:China 11983:Samoa 11795:AFFOI 11567:Ghana 11465:Qatar 11460:Niger 11395:Haiti 11375:Gabon 11360:Egypt 11285:Benin 11120:NEPAD 10963:MISCA 10928:ACIRC 10506:Yemen 10487:Ceuta 10475:Spain 10433:Italy 10276:Sudan 10226:Niger 10181:Libya 10166:Kenya 10146:Ghana 10136:Gabon 10110:Egypt 10050:Benin 9956:Index 9915:Music 9910:Media 9609:Lakes 9511:kings 9433:from 9379:from 8573:S2CID 8112:(PDF) 8105:(PDF) 7757:(PDF) 7702:(PDF) 7695:(PDF) 7423:(PDF) 7410:(PDF) 7239:(PDF) 7228:(PDF) 6314:BBC. 6278:S2CID 6148:(PDF) 6137:(PDF) 6009:(PDF) 5964:BBC. 5678:p. 89 4983:[ 4912:3 May 4906:(PDF) 4893:(PDF) 4740:(PDF) 4733:(PDF) 4437: 4392:Notes 4191:Media 3960:Tutsi 3764:Ngozi 3759:Ngozi 3721:Ngozi 3670:Pop. 3657:Rank 3616:) to 3480:From 3442:From 3404:From 3047:Mwaro 3042:Mwaro 2975:Isale 2813:Ngozi 2808:Ngozi 2579:Area 2269:In a 1981:JSTOR 1967:books 1667:Ntega 1629:Zaïre 1299:Ganwa 1287:ganwa 1283:mwami 1118:Tutsi 1027:Tutsi 922:right 877:187th 827:192nd 808:173rd 775:193rd 756:164th 674:142nd 661:Area 435:0.2% 431:Islam 429:2.1% 423:4.3% 354:Tutsi 11505:Togo 11430:Mali 11405:Laos 11330:Chad 11167:Afro 11073:Flag 11005:APRM 10953:AMIS 10948:AMIB 10772:AUCC 10286:Togo 10196:Mali 10085:Chad 9880:Flag 9736:list 9548:1993 9543:1972 9271:ISBN 9228:ISBN 9172:ISBN 9131:ISBN 9097:ISBN 9076:ISBN 9052:2021 9034:ISBN 8963:link 8949:2008 8927:2023 8867:ISBN 8848:link 8834:2008 8811:link 8797:2012 8773:ISBN 8723:link 8709:2008 8682:ISBN 8659:link 8645:2008 8565:PMID 8435:(FP) 8384:2022 8355:2022 8329:2023 8303:2020 8277:2019 8224:help 8204:2023 8186:ISBN 8156:link 8142:2010 8120:2014 8055:link 8041:2006 7988:2019 7955:ISBN 7923:ISBN 7865:ISBN 7845:ISBN 7819:PMID 7801:ISSN 7765:2015 7736:2015 7710:2015 7662:2022 7627:link 7613:2008 7590:2015 7561:2017 7531:2017 7515:ISSN 7492:2017 7476:ISSN 7431:2017 7393:2017 7363:2021 7333:2021 7273:ISBN 7247:2008 7205:link 7191:2008 7168:link 7154:2008 7132:2022 7101:2021 7071:help 7051:2021 7035:ISSN 7012:2021 6979:2021 6963:ISSN 6935:2021 6905:2021 6889:ISSN 6864:2017 6831:2017 6656:2015 6626:2015 6610:ISSN 6569:2015 6553:ISSN 6531:2021 6500:2021 6448:2021 6430:ISBN 6355:link 6341:2013 6294:2024 6270:ISSN 6217:2024 6186:2019 6156:2024 6119:2015 6101:ISBN 6053:ISBN 6031:link 6017:2007 5934:link 5920:2007 5840:ISBN 5816:ISBN 5731:2016 5713:ISBN 5605:ISBN 5544:2010 5495:ISBN 5464:ISBN 5436:ISBN 5409:ISBN 5351:2017 5317:2017 5287:2020 5246:ISBN 5217:254. 5204:2018 5145:ISBN 5127:2021 5094:2018 5076:ISBN 5040:2024 4989:ISBN 4966:2019 4940:2022 4914:2024 4876:2015 4846:2023 4805:2023 4774:2015 4748:2015 4702:2023 4668:ISSN 4635:2024 4605:2024 4574:2022 4497:-dee 4453:-dee 4451:RUUN 4327:The 4103:peas 4101:and 4099:rice 4095:corn 4014:and 3980:The 3956:Hutu 3921:and 3661:Name 3603:and 3319:and 3112:and 2440:and 2416:The 2358:and 2259:rape 2145:and 1953:news 1777:and 1669:and 1635:and 1610:and 1600:Hutu 1588:and 1562:coup 1470:King 1370:and 1313:and 1248:and 1114:Hutu 1068:; a 1041:and 1025:and 1023:Hutu 1017:The 960:.gov 843:39.2 835:Gini 719:17th 705:78th 441:none 352:14% 348:Hutu 346:85% 340:99% 104:Flag 10022:of 9405:at 8893:BBC 8555:hdl 8545:doi 8178:doi 7809:PMC 7793:doi 7303:CIA 6701:BBC 6591:BBC 6422:doi 6262:doi 5115:RFI 4658:doi 4495:RUN 4493:bə- 4456:or 4449:bə- 4284:in 4272:in 3964:Twa 3607:). 3546:USD 3543:JPY 3540:HKD 3537:GBP 3534:EUR 3531:CNY 3528:CHF 3525:CAD 3522:AUD 3512:USD 3509:JPY 3506:HKD 3503:GBP 3500:EUR 3497:CNY 3494:CHF 3491:CAD 3488:AUD 3474:USD 3471:JPY 3468:HKD 3465:GBP 3462:EUR 3459:CNY 3456:CHF 3453:CAD 3450:AUD 3436:USD 3433:JPY 3430:HKD 3427:GBP 3424:EUR 3421:CNY 3418:CHF 3415:CAD 3412:AUD 2964:13 2649:11 2127:FLN 1936:by 1122:Twa 1019:Twa 962:.bi 958:mae 945:.bi 910:CAT 904:UTC 892:BIF 872:low 855:HDI 783:GDP 733:PPP 727:GDP 360:Twa 358:1% 12130:: 9369:. 9363:. 9042:. 9010:^ 8959:}} 8955:{{ 8917:. 8913:. 8900:^ 8891:. 8844:}} 8840:{{ 8807:}} 8803:{{ 8767:. 8746:. 8719:}} 8715:{{ 8692:^ 8676:. 8655:}} 8651:{{ 8621:. 8606:^ 8596:. 8585:^ 8571:. 8563:. 8553:. 8541:33 8539:. 8535:. 8519:^ 8498:. 8412:^ 8345:. 8319:. 8267:. 8263:. 8246:, 8216:: 8214:}} 8210:{{ 8194:. 8184:. 8152:}} 8148:{{ 8051:}} 8047:{{ 7978:. 7974:. 7949:: 7945:. 7903:. 7839:. 7817:. 7807:. 7799:. 7789:67 7787:. 7783:. 7652:. 7648:. 7636:^ 7623:}} 7619:{{ 7581:. 7569:^ 7547:. 7521:. 7513:. 7509:. 7482:. 7474:. 7470:. 7458:^ 7412:. 7379:. 7353:. 7349:. 7323:. 7319:. 7301:. 7255:^ 7230:. 7214:^ 7201:}} 7197:{{ 7164:}} 7160:{{ 7122:. 7118:. 7087:. 7063:: 7061:}} 7057:{{ 7041:. 7033:. 7029:. 7002:. 6998:. 6987:^ 6969:. 6961:. 6957:. 6943:^ 6921:. 6895:. 6887:. 6883:. 6854:. 6850:. 6839:^ 6821:. 6817:. 6740:. 6678:. 6642:. 6616:. 6604:. 6559:. 6547:. 6521:. 6517:. 6490:. 6484:. 6438:. 6428:. 6364:^ 6351:}} 6347:{{ 6302:^ 6284:. 6276:. 6268:. 6258:19 6256:. 6252:. 6225:^ 6207:. 6203:. 6172:. 6139:. 6109:. 6079:. 6027:}} 6023:{{ 5930:}} 5926:{{ 5814:. 5812:12 5784:^ 5721:. 5676:, 5585:, 5530:. 5509:^ 5493:. 5491:60 5450:^ 5420:^ 5394:. 5359:^ 5341:. 5337:. 5319:. 5307:. 5303:. 5257:^ 5194:. 5190:. 5178:^ 5168:. 5164:. 5113:. 5102:^ 5084:. 5047:^ 5026:, 5003:^ 4895:. 4862:. 4832:. 4828:. 4813:^ 4790:. 4710:^ 4688:. 4666:. 4652:. 4621:. 4595:. 4591:. 4564:. 4532:: 4528:; 4524:: 4520:; 4511:: 4324:. 4288:. 4146:, 4097:, 4093:, 4075:, 3988:, 3966:. 3881:10 3599:, 3595:, 3484:: 3446:: 3408:: 3393:. 3389:, 3382:. 3315:, 3192:: 3173:. 3150:, 3060:6 3036:5 3012:6 2988:9 2940:5 2907:5 2883:6 2859:6 2826:9 2802:7 2778:7 2754:9 2730:7 2697:7 2673:6 2625:5 2488:, 2315:. 2300:. 2278:. 2257:, 2253:, 2249:, 2141:, 1894:. 1773:, 1711:. 1639:. 1631:, 1549:. 1513:. 1258:, 1212:. 1204:, 1200:, 1196:, 1180:, 1176:, 1172:, 1151:, 1132:, 1108:. 1021:, 1014:. 933:BI 906:+2 686:10 439:/ 12071:) 11878:e 11871:t 11864:v 11234:e 11227:t 11220:v 11106:) 11102:( 11036:) 11032:( 10583:e 10576:t 10569:v 10343:) 10339:( 10012:e 10005:t 9998:v 9463:e 9456:t 9449:v 9373:. 9315:. 9279:. 9236:. 9200:( 9180:. 9139:. 9105:. 9084:. 9054:. 8965:) 8951:. 8929:. 8850:) 8836:. 8813:) 8799:. 8725:) 8711:. 8661:) 8647:. 8625:. 8579:. 8557:: 8547:: 8396:" 8386:. 8357:. 8331:. 8305:. 8279:. 8226:) 8206:. 8180:: 8158:) 8144:. 8122:. 8057:) 8043:. 7990:. 7961:. 7931:. 7825:. 7795:: 7767:. 7738:. 7712:. 7664:. 7629:) 7615:. 7592:. 7563:. 7533:. 7494:. 7433:. 7395:. 7365:. 7335:. 7281:. 7249:. 7207:) 7193:. 7170:) 7156:. 7134:. 7103:. 7073:) 7053:. 7014:. 6981:. 6937:. 6907:. 6866:. 6833:. 6658:. 6628:. 6571:. 6533:. 6502:. 6450:. 6424:: 6357:) 6343:. 6296:. 6264:: 6219:. 6188:. 6158:. 6121:. 6033:) 6019:. 5938:, 5936:) 5922:. 5846:. 5824:. 5733:. 5613:. 5546:. 5503:. 5472:. 5444:. 5415:. 5353:. 5289:. 5252:. 5206:. 5129:. 4997:. 4968:. 4942:. 4916:. 4878:. 4848:. 4807:. 4776:. 4750:. 4704:. 4674:. 4660:: 4637:. 4607:. 4576:. 4487:/ 4484:i 4481:d 4478:n 4475:ʌ 4472:r 4469:ˈ 4466:ə 4463:b 4460:/ 4434:/ 4431:i 4428:d 4425:n 4422:ʊ 4419:r 4416:ˈ 4413:ə 4410:b 4407:/ 4233:) 4229:( 4223:. 3863:9 3845:8 3827:7 3809:6 3791:5 3773:4 3755:3 3737:2 3698:1 2525:) 2521:( 2515:. 2046:) 2040:( 2028:) 2024:( 2018:. 1992:) 1988:( 1978:· 1971:· 1964:· 1957:· 1940:. 1926:. 1901:) 1897:( 912:) 908:( 894:) 879:) 829:) 810:) 777:) 758:) 735:) 731:( 721:) 707:) 676:) 330:) 326:( 192:" 188:" 83:) 79:( 68:) 64:( 53:) 49:( 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.