499:, besieged the fortress of Mistra, the one-time capital of the Byzantine despotate. Ömer with his army marched against him, forcing him to raise the siege. Over the next year, the war in the Morea was dominated by raids and sieges of isolated forts. Ömer held the initiative and moved at will against the Venetians and their supporters, for the mostly mercenary Venetian troops, starved of supplies, pay and reinforcements, were largely confined to their coastal forts and unable or unwilling to venture into the interior. In late July/early August 1466, Ömer achieved two major victories against the Venetians. With 12,000 men he destroyed an army of 2,000 that was besieging
432:
488:, abandoned the Hexamilion without a fight. The Ottomans razed the wall yet again and advanced into the Morea. Argos surrendered and was razed, and several forts and localities that had recognized Venetian authority reverted to their Ottoman allegiance. Zagan Pasha was re-appointed governor of the Morea, while Ömer Bey was given Mahmud Pasha's army and tasked with taking the Republic's holdings in the southern Peloponnese, centred on the two forts of Coron and Modon (
396:. Thereupon the despots hastened to reconfirm their allegiance, but the northeastern quarter of the Morea was annexed as a full Ottoman province and Ömer became its first governor. Ömer accompanied Mehmed on the Sultan's visit to Athens in August 1458, and took up residence in the ducal palace in the
476:
In the weeks after their declaration of war on 28 July 1463, the
Venetians made good progress in the Morea, occupying most of the peninsula, and laid siege to the Acrocorinth in early autumn. Ömer Bey returned from Bosnia and marched to relieve the siege, but did not attempt to breach the Hexamilion
371:
and the native Greeks, and spread quickly. As the Sultan's vassals, the despots called upon
Turahan for aid, and he dispatched Ömer in December. Ömer achieved a few successes, but departed after securing the release of his brother from captivity. The revolt did not subside, and in 1454 Turahan
403:
In 1459 the despot Thomas rebelled against the Sultan with assistance from Italy, and Ömer was for a time removed from his offices for failing to prevent it, although some contemporary sources suggest that he was himself encouraging the rebellion. The Sultan sent
391:
campaigned in person against the Morea, where the two despots had returned to their quarrels and were negotiating with
Western powers for aid against the Ottomans. Mehmed overcame the Byzantine resistance at Hexamilion and stormed the strategically important
477:
wall due to the presence of numerous
Venetian cannons and the small size of his own army. Ömer was disheartened enough to oppose any action to be undertaken even after the arrival of substantial reinforcements under the
338:
In
October 1452, Ömer and his brother accompanied Turahan in another expedition against the Morea, which was designed to prevent the Despotate from assisting in the forthcoming Ottoman attack on the Byzantine capital,
334:
began to quarrel about their share of the rule of the
Despotate. Eventually the dispute was settled through the mediation of Constantine and Ömer, who used the opportunity to completely demolish the Hexamilion.
526:, Venice's ally in the East; and was one of the many senior commanders captured in an ambush on 1 August 1473. His captivity however did not last long, for Uzun Hasan's army suffered a crushing defeat at the
511:, which lost 1,200 men. Cappello himself barely escaped and died a few months later of grief. Ömer reappears in the historical sources in 1470. Following the Ottoman conquest of Negroponte (
1281:
1246:
405:
492:). Ömer raided the districts around the two fortresses and captured numerous prisoners, but the onset of winter precluded any serious operations from being undertaken against them.
423:: he wiped out a force of 6,000 Wallachians and deposited 2,000 of their heads at the feet of Mehmed II. As a reward, he was reinstated in his old gubernatorial post in Thessaly.
257:
70:
1320:
1340:
530:
on 11 August. In autumn 1477 he was sent to
Slovenia to fight against the Venetians. There he ambushed and routed the army of the Venetian Captain-General,
484:, and preferred to await the arrival of the Sultan himself. Nevertheless, Mahmud Pasha decided to move, and the Venetians, whose army had been depleted by
531:
1350:
1325:
1202:
Trapp, Erich; Beyer, Hans-Veit; Walther, Rainer; Sturm-Schnabl, Katja; Kislinger, Ewald; Leontiadis, Ioannis; Kaplaneres, Sokrates (1976–1996).
1204:
363:
on 29 May 1453 had great repercussions in the Morea. The two despots continued their rivalry and were unpopular among their own subjects. A
469:
between the
Venetian Republic and the Ottoman Empire. In the summer of 1463, Ömer led the eastern wing of the Ottoman army that conquered
343:. After the Turks breached the rebuilt Hexamilion, the Byzantines put up little resistance, and Turahan's troops plundered their way from
164:
440:
124:
412:. Ömer nevertheless participated in the subsequent campaign against the Morea, which saw the final extirpation of the Despotate.
29:
457:
from his master's treasury. The
Venetians refused to hand him back, and in retaliation, Ömer attacked the port town of Lepanto (
461:) in November 1462 but failed to capture it. A few months later, Isa Bey, governor of the Morea, took the Venetian fortress of
515:) in July after a long and bloody siege, Ömer led an army of 25,000 in the Morea, where he quickly conquered Vostitza (
1213:
1192:
1171:
1139:
1111:
650:
466:
375:
In 1456, Ömer succeeded his father as governor of
Thessaly, and in the same year his troops occupied the city of
496:
364:
1315:
260:, and two sons, Hasan and Idris, the latter of whom was a notable poet and translator of Persian poetry.
295:
286:-lord") of Thessaly during Turahan's temporary disgrace. In the same year, Ömer led a raid against the
1184:
The Sultan of Vezirs: The Life and Times of the Ottoman Grand Vezir Mahmud Pasha Angelovic (1453–1474)
387:, where they held out for two years until they surrendered in June 1458. In the same year, the Sultan
1345:
1134:. Edited, with a preface, by William C. Hickman. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
481:
310:, to revert to his Ottoman allegiance. Ömer also participated in the retaliatory campaign of Sultan
1335:
691:
555:
1330:
642:
136:
132:
380:
360:
299:
128:
120:
1099:
507:, and 600 of his men. A few days later he defeated another Venetian expeditionary force under
569:
The date of his death is unknown, but he was still alive in 1484, when his will was written.
327:
140:
223:
81:
578:
527:
416:
8:
420:
384:
462:
446:
331:
307:
188:
563:
449:
as a slave of the Ottoman commander of Athens fled to the Venetian fortress of Coron (
372:
himself, again accompanied by his sons, was forced to intervene and quell the revolt.
231:
1290:
1236:
1209:
1188:
1167:
1145:
1135:
1107:
646:
489:
470:
323:
283:
273:
547:
508:
504:
268:
The exact date of Ömer's birth is unknown; as a young man, he was presented to the
184:
1182:
1161:
1125:
685:
636:
315:
303:
287:
195:
17:
1157:
1121:
1095:
340:
168:
156:
96:
1208:(in German). Vienna: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.
40:
1309:
1149:
1131:
539:
431:
632:
478:
192:
302:. This display of force, coupled with the decisive Ottoman victory in the
1271:
1228:
669:
543:
409:
393:
249:
235:
227:
172:
65:
276:
in 1435, and by 1444 he was old enough to assume his father's duties as
1163:
The Papacy and the Levant (1204–1571), Volume II: The Fifteenth Century
523:
352:
21:
551:
534:, and with his cavalry raided Venetian territory in the region of the
485:
458:
408:
to depose and arrest him and replaced him as governor the Morea with
397:
388:
368:
344:
291:
269:
207:
638:
Rebels, Believers, Survivors Studies in the History of the Albanians
278:
665:
348:
311:
245:
211:
664:
Turahan Bey, who died in c.1456, inherited large land-holdings in
559:
495:
In August 1464, the new Venetian commander-in-chief in the Morea,
1104:
E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936, Volume VIII
512:
199:
683:
454:
318:
and devastated the Morea, forcing the despots to become Ottoman
535:
516:
500:
450:
376:
356:
319:
253:
240:
176:
415:
In 1461/1462 Ömer served with distinction in the wars against
367:
broke out against them in autumn, supported both by the local
1261:
618:
465:
through treason. These events precipitated the outbreak of a
435:
Map of the Ottoman Empire and its neighbouring states in 1464
203:
180:
1061:
989:
687:
Origins of the Greek nation: the Byzantine period, 1204-1461
314:
against Palaiologos in late 1446. The Ottomans breached the
965:
845:
821:
809:
1013:
977:
905:
869:
833:
797:
290:, which was falling under the influence of the energetic
34:
917:
881:
737:
1073:
1025:
941:
929:
893:
857:
749:
1130:. Bollingen Series 96. Translated from the German by
1049:
1037:
1001:
953:
785:
773:
761:
725:
322:. In 1449, as Constantine Palaiologos became the new
252:, and thus a grandson of Yiğit Bey, the conqueror of
1166:. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society.
445:At this time, tensions became heightened with the
522:In 1473, he participated in the campaign against
1307:
677:
1205:Prosopographisches Lexikon der Palaiologenzeit
263:
191:in the 1460s, while in 1456, he conquered the
426:
351:. Ahmed however was captured in an ambush at
1321:Ottoman people of the Byzantine–Ottoman wars
1341:Ottoman people of the Ottoman–Venetian Wars
171:general and governor. The son of the famed
1180:
1067:
995:
923:
684:Apostolos Euangelou Vakalopoulos (1970).
1120:
1094:
1079:
1031:
971:
947:
935:
899:
863:
851:
827:
815:
779:
767:
743:
731:
719:
668:from his father, Yiğit Bey, a prominent
430:
1326:15th-century Ottoman military personnel
631:
187:in the 1440s and 1450s and against the
1308:
1156:
1102:. In Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor (ed.).
1055:
1043:
1019:
1007:
983:
959:
911:
887:
875:
839:
803:
791:
755:
625:
610:
608:
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604:
602:
600:
598:
596:
594:
715:
713:
711:
709:
238:. Ömer was the son of the prominent
175:, he was active chiefly in southern
1106:. Leiden: BRILL. pp. 876–878.
554:) in Albania, which along with the
13:
591:
383:, and the inhabitants fled to the
14:
1362:
1127:Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time
706:
326:and left the Morea, his brothers
1351:Ottoman–Venetian War (1463–1479)
441:Ottoman–Venetian War (1463–1479)
306:, convinced the Duke of Athens,
125:Ottoman–Venetian War (1463–1479)
1201:
614:
1:
1181:Stavrides, Théoharis (2001).
585:
497:Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta
106:
38:, and the family name is
546:rivers. Finally, in 1478 he
7:
572:
566:and Albanian independence.
264:Wars against the Byzantines
10:
1367:
1088:
619:
503:and killed its commander,
438:
427:Wars against the Venetians
15:
1297:
1287:
1278:
1268:
1258:
1253:
1243:
1233:
1225:
550:the fortress of Scutari (
217:
160:
146:
116:
102:
92:
87:
77:
61:
56:
49:
1260:Ottoman governor of the
692:Rutgers University Press
643:Oxford University Press
562:by Mehmed II ended the
296:Constantine Palaiologos
244:leader and governor of
230:origin, descended from
137:Battle of Isonzo (1477)
133:Battle of Patras (1466)
482:Mahmud Pasha Angelović
436:
381:Francesco II Acciaioli
361:Fall of Constantinople
300:Despotate of the Morea
129:Battle of Kljuc (1463)
121:Byzantine-Ottoman wars
434:
328:Demetrios Palaiologos
141:Siege of Kruje (1478)
103:Years of service
71:Turahanoğlu Ahmed Bey
1289:Ottoman governor of
1235:Ottoman governor of
579:Gazi Omer Bey Mosque
528:Battle of Otluk Beli
256:. He had a brother,
198:. He also fought in
153:Turahanoğlu Ömer Bey
51:Turahanoğlu Ömer Bey
1316:15th-century births
1070:, pp. 176–179.
1022:, pp. 253–255.
998:, pp. 151–153.
986:, pp. 248–249.
974:, pp. 227–228.
914:, pp. 241–243.
878:, pp. 219–220.
854:, pp. 159–161.
842:, pp. 196–198.
830:, pp. 157–159.
818:, pp. 159–160.
806:, pp. 148–149.
421:Prince of Wallachia
369:Albanian immigrants
298:, the ruler of the
222:He was born in the
179:: he fought in the
1158:Setton, Kenneth M.
890:, pp. 221ff..
722:, pp. 876–878
437:
355:and imprisoned in
332:Thomas Palaiologos
308:Nerio II Acciaioli
224:Turahanoğlu family
167:1435–1484) was an
117:Wars and campaigns
1304:
1303:
1269:Succeeded by
1244:Succeeded by
758:, pp. 96–97.
746:, pp. 49–50.
581:, named after him
324:Byzantine emperor
274:George Sphrantzes
183:against both the
150:
149:
1358:
1346:Ottoman Thessaly
1279:Preceded by
1226:Preceded by
1223:
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532:Girolamo Novella
509:Vettore Cappello
505:Jacomo Barbarigo
417:Vlad III Dracula
166:
162:
161:Ὀμάρης or Ἀμάρης
111:
108:
88:Military service
57:Personal details
47:
46:
20:style name, the
1366:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1357:
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1355:
1336:Ottoman Albania
1306:
1305:
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1285:
1274:
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1216:
1195:
1174:
1142:
1122:Babinger, Franz
1114:
1096:Babinger, Franz
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682:
678:
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645:. p. 163.
630:
626:
613:
592:
588:
575:
564:League of Lezhë
453:) with 100,000
443:
429:
316:Hexamilion wall
304:Battle of Varna
288:Duchy of Athens
266:
220:
196:Duchy of Athens
139:
135:
131:
127:
109:
69:
52:
45:
18:Ottoman Turkish
12:
11:
5:
1364:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1331:Ottoman Greece
1328:
1323:
1318:
1302:
1301:
1296:
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1275:
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1267:
1257:
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1221:
1220:
1214:
1199:
1193:
1178:
1172:
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1140:
1118:
1112:
1100:"Turakhān Beg"
1090:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1082:, p. 358.
1072:
1068:Stavrides 2001
1060:
1058:, p. 303.
1048:
1046:, p. 284.
1036:
1034:, p. 258.
1024:
1012:
1010:, p. 252.
1000:
996:Stavrides 2001
988:
976:
964:
962:, p. 248.
952:
950:, p. 227.
940:
938:, p. 223.
928:
926:, p. 150.
924:Stavrides 2001
916:
904:
902:, p. 207.
892:
880:
868:
866:, p. 165.
856:
844:
832:
820:
808:
796:
794:, p. 146.
784:
772:
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724:
705:
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651:
624:
589:
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584:
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439:Main article:
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341:Constantinople
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1295:1462–unknown
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1194:90-04-12106-4
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828:Babinger 1992
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817:
816:Babinger 1992
812:
805:
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793:
788:
782:, p. 80.
781:
780:Babinger 1992
776:
770:, p. 56.
769:
768:Babinger 1992
764:
757:
752:
745:
744:Babinger 1992
740:
734:, p. 48.
733:
732:Babinger 1992
728:
721:
720:Babinger 1987
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694:. p. 163
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698:24 September
696:. Retrieved
686:
679:
663:
656:. Retrieved
637:
627:
568:
521:
494:
479:Grand Vizier
475:
444:
414:
402:
379:. The duke,
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337:
277:
267:
239:
221:
152:
151:
39:
33:
25:
1282:Hamza Pasha
1272:Zagan Pasha
1247:Hamza Pasha
1229:Turahan Bey
1056:Setton 1978
1044:Setton 1978
1020:Setton 1978
1008:Setton 1978
984:Setton 1978
960:Setton 1978
912:Setton 1978
888:Setton 1978
876:Setton 1978
840:Setton 1978
804:Setton 1978
792:Setton 1978
756:Setton 1978
544:Tagliamento
410:Zagan Pasha
406:Hamza Pasha
394:Acrocorinth
250:Turahan Bey
173:Turahan Bey
110: 1444
82:Turahanoğlu
66:Turahan Bey
41:Turahanoğlu
1310:Categories
1266:1458–1459
1241:1456–1459
672:commander.
586:References
524:Uzun Hasan
353:Dervenakia
185:Byzantines
93:Allegiance
28:, the
22:given name
1255:New title
1187:. Brill.
1150:716361786
1124:(1992) .
1098:(1987) .
658:28 August
617:, 21056.
486:dysentery
459:Nafpaktos
447:Venetians
398:Propylaea
389:Mehmed II
385:Acropolis
365:rebellion
345:Corinthia
292:Byzantine
270:Byzantine
258:Ahmed Bey
232:Yiğit Bey
208:Wallachia
189:Venetians
73:(brother)
62:Relations
1291:Thessaly
1237:Thessaly
1160:(1978).
666:Thessaly
635:(2020).
573:See also
556:conquest
548:captured
467:long war
349:Messenia
312:Murad II
246:Thessaly
212:Anatolia
68:(father)
16:In this
1299:Unknown
1089:Sources
552:Shkodër
513:Chalkis
490:Methoni
320:vassals
294:prince
284:marcher
236:Saruhan
200:Albania
169:Ottoman
1212:
1191:
1170:
1148:
1138:
1110:
649:
620:Ὀμάρης
536:Isonzo
517:Aigion
501:Patras
471:Bosnia
455:aspers
451:Koroni
377:Athens
359:. The
357:Mistra
279:uç bey
272:envoy
254:Skopje
241:akıncı
218:Family
177:Greece
112:–1480s
78:Family
1262:Morea
670:Yürük
560:Krujë
540:Piave
463:Argos
228:Yürük
204:Italy
193:Latin
181:Morea
157:Greek
30:title
1210:ISBN
1189:ISBN
1168:ISBN
1146:OCLC
1136:ISBN
1108:ISBN
700:2013
660:2021
647:ISBN
542:and
330:and
210:and
26:Ömer
1284:(?)
615:PLP
558:of
519:).
347:to
234:of
226:of
165:fl.
35:Bey
32:is
24:is
1312::
1144:.
708:^
690:.
662:.
641:.
593:^
538:,
473:.
419:,
400:.
282:("
248:,
214:.
206:,
163:;
159::
123:,
107:c.
1218:.
1197:.
1176:.
1152:.
1116:.
702:.
155:(
44:.
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