1614:
396:
1083:, p. 145: "L'archéologie a ainsi donné raison à la tradition rapportée par Tite-Live qui évoque la puissance du peuple de la région, les Bituriges, dans les temps lointains qui avaient précédé l'invasion de l'Italie par l'armée de Bellovèse, neveu de l'Ambigat qui aurait régné alors sur les « Rois du monde» (c'est la signification du nom des Bituriges) dont Avaricum (Bourges) était encore le chef-lieu au temps de César."
447:
lands, which was known as
Noviomagos in ancient times. Alternatively some scholars have argued that it was the name originally given to Augusta Tricastinorum. In this view, the double toponym may suggest that the settlement was originally founded during the Republican period, before it took its
485:; but to Bellovesus the gods proposed a far pleasanter road, into Italy. Taking out with him the surplus population of his tribes, the Bituriges, Arverni, Senones, Haedui, Ambarri, Carnutes, and Aulerci, he marched with vast numbers of infantry and cavalry into the country of the Tricastini.
320:). Principally occupied from the late 6th to the 3rd century BC, La Pègue represented the eastern frontier of their territory in the late 1st century BC. In this view, the Tricastini could have moved towards the Rhône valley in the 3rd–early 2nd century in search for economic opportunities.
331:) was founded c. 36/35 BC, a very large part of their territory was given to the Roman colonists. An eastern portion of this area was then handed back to the Tricastini, apparently corresponding the less fertile lands that were not attributed to the settlers.
387:), was located in the plain. It occupied an important position on the trade route of the Rhône Valley even before the Roman period. Destroyed by fire in the 3rd century AD, the settlement was rebuilt on a neighbouring site.
554:
After settling the
Allobrogian disputes Hannibal now headed for the Alps, but instead of taking the direct route he veered to the left into the lands of the Tricastini. He then advanced through the border territory of the
415:
Both
Senomagos and Barry (Aeria) were likely abandoned after the foundation of Augusta Tricastinorum by the Romans in the late 1st century BC. By the first century AD, the settlement was referred to as
510:(387 BC), from which the legend is apparently inspired, although the tribal names may also have been taken from names current at the time of Livy. At any rate, the archaic form of the name
506:
Since the myth was probably based on historical events, this could indicate that the
Tricastini were already living in Gaul, possibly near their attested homeland, at the time of the
316:
Some scholars have proposed that the original territory of the
Tricastini was located further east of their attested homeland, in a mountainous region near the settlement of Altonum (
908:
Gagliardi, Lorenzo (2014). "Approche juridique des relations entre
Romains et indigènes. Le cas des colonies romaines". In Gojosso, Éric; Kremer, David; Vergne, Arnaud (eds.).
2270:
2690:
2170:
550:
in 218 BC, the
Carthaginian general is said to have "veered to the left into the lands of the Tricastini" after setting a dispute between Allobrogian chieftains.
364:
in the mid-2nd century BC. The site of Barry was located on a commercially strategic position in the Rhône Valley, a natural corridor linking the Greek colony of
2660:
2743:
2768:
271:
2205:
2200:
69:
in 218 BC, when the
Tricastini let the Carthaginian troops move across their land. After 121 BC, their territory was annexed to the province of
2675:
2665:
2801:
2753:
2725:
2700:
2680:
2437:
2299:
2120:
2763:
2710:
2645:
1870:
2635:
2552:
2260:
1628:
560:
1292:(2005). "Ptolemy and the linguistic history of the Narbonensis". In de Hoz, Javier; Luján, Eugenio R.; Sims-Williams, Patrick (eds.).
2150:
2140:
1643:
2640:
2125:
1890:
1550:
2042:
1787:
1413:
Odiot, Thierry; Perrin, Franck; Bois, Michèle (1992). "Le
Tricastin, cadre géographique et historique". In Bel, Valérie (ed.).
2778:
1579:
1463:
1422:
1403:
1257:
1126:
917:
1000:
1272:
Man and the Animal World: Studies in
Archaeozoology, Archaeology, Anthropology and Palaeolinguistics in memoriam S. Bökönyi
3018:
1485:
1359:
1301:
1279:
1173:
547:
66:
724:
1441:
1381:
1352:
Dictionary of Continental Celtic Place-names: A Celtic Companion to the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World
1323:
1197:
1270:(1998). "Minima Celtica zwischen Sprach- und Kulturgeschichte". In Anreiter, Peter; Bartosiewicz, Laszlo (eds.).
1613:
661:
657:
580:
498:
469:
in the late 1st century BC, in connection with the legendary Celtic invasion of Italy said to have been led by
1543:
1267:
1248:
Chouquer, Gilles (1992). "Barry, Augusta Tricastinorum et le cadastre B d'Orange". In Bel, Valérie (ed.).
181:
39:
3028:
531:
910:
Les colonies approches juridiques et institutionnelles de la colonisation de la Rome antique à nos jours
2670:
452:(27 BC–14 AD), although available archaeological evidence do not predate the late 1st century BC.
1434:
Histoire et archéologie de la France ancienne, Rhône-Alpes : de l'âge de fer au Haut Moyen-âge
2955:
376:). The settlement of Senomagos ("old market"), which corresponds to modern Saint-Pierre-de-Sénos (
2930:
1536:
1374:
Les Celtes, histoire et dictionnaire : des origines à la romanisation et au christianisme
439:("new market") as the capital of the Tricastini, but this is probably a confusion with modern
2190:
1590:
384:
365:
361:
1456:
Gallia Narbonensis: With a Chapter on Alpes Maritimae : Southern France in Roman Times
1316:
Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: Une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental
1187:
1163:
8:
2960:
1648:
1573:
507:
313:. Like the Segovellauni, they were clients of the Cavari as part of their confederation.
2112:
1236:
593:
276:
70:
1677:
43:
1932:
1671:
1667:
1481:
1459:
1437:
1418:
1399:
1377:
1355:
1319:
1297:
1275:
1253:
1228:
1193:
1169:
1122:
913:
518:. Although it is attested in the Roman era, the name is not affected by the Gaulish -
400:
294:
2735:
2627:
1908:
1682:
1521:
1517:
1338:
1311:
1015:
482:
328:
159:
135:
1342:
2047:
1473:
1369:
1183:
1168:. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Yardley, J. C. Harvard University Press.
425:
228:
119:
1391:
3023:
2695:
2175:
2012:
1927:
1857:
1709:
1451:
589:
353:
345:
163:
74:
1192:. Loeb Classical Library. Translated by Rackham, H. Harvard University Press.
267:
3012:
2915:
2309:
2097:
1289:
1232:
912:. Presses universitaires juridiques, Université de Poitiers. pp. 67–69.
1019:
282:
2920:
2888:
2720:
2235:
2155:
1947:
1782:
1584:
515:
306:
47:
2826:
2160:
2002:
1922:
1904:
1842:
1822:
1596:
1216:
527:
395:
356:), one of the largest of southern Gaul (40ha), and possibly mentioned as
177:, meaning "those of the three (many) curls" or the "three-braided ones".
1240:
317:
2970:
2883:
2806:
2517:
2387:
2377:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2327:
2317:
2293:
2230:
2130:
2102:
2017:
1952:
1916:
1912:
1865:
1847:
1827:
1742:
1602:
563:, meeting no obstacle anywhere on his route until he reached the River
470:
205:
62:
377:
369:
53:
The Tricastini were probably one of the most ancient Celtic tribes of
2985:
2878:
2836:
2811:
2791:
2748:
2650:
2617:
2612:
2577:
2567:
2522:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2487:
2462:
2447:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2337:
2289:
2245:
2180:
2072:
2057:
1977:
1972:
1762:
1757:
1737:
1727:
1692:
742:
478:
263:
242:
224:
173:
65:' expedition from Gaul into Italy, then in his historical account of
35:
17:
2965:
2935:
2925:
2860:
2855:
2844:
2831:
2821:
2758:
2685:
2655:
2607:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2547:
2537:
2492:
2452:
2382:
2362:
2342:
2322:
2280:
2275:
2265:
2255:
2240:
2135:
2087:
2067:
2022:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1967:
1942:
1885:
1772:
1767:
1747:
1732:
1722:
958:
956:
943:
941:
862:
860:
556:
535:
449:
444:
298:
1095:: "The essence of this migratory legend is regarded as authentic."
2945:
2870:
2840:
2786:
2715:
2602:
2572:
2562:
2557:
2532:
2512:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2457:
2442:
2372:
2210:
2195:
2145:
2092:
2077:
2062:
2052:
2032:
2027:
2007:
1982:
1937:
1900:
1895:
1880:
1837:
1832:
1812:
1802:
1792:
1752:
1717:
1663:
1658:
1653:
673:
564:
432:
373:
349:
324:
302:
111:
78:
968:
953:
938:
857:
815:
754:
167:, "Chief-of-Tin"; also Greek κασσίτερος, "tin"). Alternatively,
2975:
2950:
2940:
2893:
2816:
2705:
2542:
2527:
2367:
2332:
2285:
2225:
2215:
2185:
2165:
2082:
2037:
1962:
1957:
1807:
1797:
404:
310:
290:
286:
262:
During the Roman period, the Tricastini dwelled in the modern
2999:
2980:
2850:
2412:
1875:
1777:
1687:
1638:
1559:
1050:
440:
235:
31:
368:
to northern Gaul. Other oppida are known at Saint-Saturnin (
192:
in the 4th century, is named after the tribe. It appears as
2796:
2220:
1817:
1633:
1294:
New approaches to Celtic place-names in Ptolemy's Geography
1159:
889:
773:
771:
769:
466:
99:
58:
54:
847:
845:
790:
788:
786:
249:
during the Roman era, also takes its name from the tribe.
1026:
1001:"Note sur Antistia Pia Quintilla, flaminique et patronne"
805:
803:
77:. By the 1st century AD, the Tricastini were part of the
1528:
766:
227:
reinterpretation of the name, leading eventually to the
1505:
Le Tricastin des origines à la chute de l'Empire romain
879:
877:
875:
842:
783:
1098:
1086:
1038:
926:
800:
1074:
1062:
980:
872:
380:), was located at the foot of the oppidum of Barry.
122:(1st century AD). The Tricastini were also known as
114:(2nd century AD). Their chief town is documented as
1415:
D'Augusta Tricastinorum à Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux
1266:
1250:
D'Augusta Tricastinorum à Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux
1135:
748:
730:
383:Another town, Novem Craris (now Logis-de-Berre, in
1219:(1972). "À la recherche d'Aeria, ville celtique".
619:Sancti Pauli (vel Sancti Restituti Trigastinensi)
588:After 121 BC, their territory was annexed by the
154:-, which possibly means "tin, bronze" (cf. Gaul.
3010:
223:, a form attested by the 12th century, caused a
1412:
1056:
974:
962:
947:
866:
821:
1274:. Archaeolingua Alapítvány. pp. 601–610.
281:, south of the Jabron river (near present-day
1544:
1478:Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World
110:. Τρικαττίνοι, Τριστακηνοὶ, Τρικαστηνοὶ) by
1119:Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde
297:. Their territory was situated west of the
20:, a Gallic tribe from the Champagne region.
1551:
1537:
1332:
1092:
832:
830:
171:may be interpreted as an older variant of
158:, "magistrate in charge of bronze coins",
1431:
1349:
1333:Euskirchen, Marion (2006). "Bellovesus".
1310:
1104:
998:
907:
851:
760:
692:
1296:. Ediciones Clásicas. pp. 173–188.
1247:
895:
394:
1472:
1215:
1121:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 275–276.
1044:
932:
836:
827:
809:
403:mentioning Antistia Pia Quintilla, the
3011:
1511:
1502:
1288:
777:
348:(121–27 BC), their chief town was the
196:in 1136, and most likely evolved into
1580:Celtic settlement of Southeast Europe
1532:
1512:Polfer, Michel (2006). "Tricastini".
1450:
1390:
1368:
1182:
1141:
1116:
1080:
1068:
1032:
986:
883:
794:
736:
716:
339:
1158:
688:
686:
649:
572:
490:
643:
13:
1496:
1151:
538:, possibly in a mountainous area.
200:during the Middle Ages, then into
14:
3040:
683:
1612:
541:
465:The Tricastini are mentioned by
146:("three"). The second element, -
1396:Toponymie générale de la France
1208:
1110:
992:
901:
611:
548:Hannibal's crossing of the Alps
390:
89:
67:Hannibal's crossing of the Alps
1522:10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e1220280
1480:. Princeton University Press.
710:
667:
514:probably indicates an ancient
334:
102:(late 1st century BC), and as
57:. They are first mentioned in
1:
1350:Falileyev, Alexander (2010).
1343:10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e215190
1268:de Bernardo Stempel, Patrizia
1057:Odiot, Perrin & Bois 1992
999:Goudineau, Christian (1979).
975:Odiot, Perrin & Bois 1992
963:Odiot, Perrin & Bois 1992
948:Odiot, Perrin & Bois 1992
867:Odiot, Perrin & Bois 1992
822:Odiot, Perrin & Bois 1992
627:Sanctum Paulum Tricastinensem
599:
204:by 1545. The insertion of an
188:in the 1st century AD and as
34:tribe dwelling in the modern
1252:. Alpara. pp. 172–178.
636:
604:
422:Colonia Flavia Tricastinorum
409:Colonia Flavia Tricastinorum
257:
252:
129:
7:
234:, meaning "three-castles" (
10:
3045:
705:Col. Augusta Tricastinorum
559:into the territory of the
455:
202:Sainct Pol Trois Chasteaux
198:Sanctum Paulum *Tricastrum
61:'s legendary narration of
15:
3019:Historical Celtic peoples
2994:
2906:
2869:
2777:
2734:
2626:
2308:
2111:
1856:
1708:
1701:
1621:
1610:
1566:
1558:
1432:Pelletier, André (1988).
1417:. Alpara. pp. 8–27.
481:were by lot assigned the
460:
182:Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux
150:, is an archaic form of -
126:during the Roman period.
40:Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux
38:region, near present-day
1117:Hoops, Johannes (1999).
763:, pp. 109–110, 301.
749:de Bernardo Stempel 1998
289:Massif, located between
16:Not to be confused with
1503:Boisse, Claude (1968).
1020:10.3406/galia.1979.1606
431:In the 2nd century AD,
84:
1474:Talbert, Richard J. A.
678:Geōgraphikḕ Hyphḗgēsis
586:
504:
412:
142:derives from the root
94:They are mentioned as
79:Cavarian confederation
1591:First Transalpine War
654:Ab Urbe Condita Libri
592:into the province of
577:Ab Urbe Condita Libri
552:
546:In Livy's account of
495:Ab Urbe Condita Libri
475:
418:Augusta Tricastinorum
398:
385:Les Granges-Gontardes
190:Civitas Tricastinorum
186:Augusta Tricastinorum
116:Augusta Tricastinorum
1035:, pp. 280, 289.
448:attested name under
285:), and north of the
266:region, between the
194:civitate Tricastrina
1649:Gallo-Roman culture
1574:Battle of the Allia
898:, pp. 174–175.
839:, Map 17: Lugdunum.
797:, pp. 157–158.
780:, pp. 180–181.
751:, pp. 605–605.
530:, which suggests a
508:Battle of the Allia
483:Hercynian highlands
420:, then elevated to
323:When the colony of
3029:Gallia Narbonensis
2931:Basel-Münsterhügel
1398:. Librairie Droz.
1376:. Robert Laffont.
721:Naturalis Historia
594:Gallia Transalpina
413:
340:Early Roman period
309:, and east of the
71:Gallia Transalpina
3006:
3005:
2902:
2901:
1933:Bituriges Vivisci
1514:Brill's New Pauly
1465:978-0-7134-5860-2
1424:978-2-916125-26-8
1405:978-2-600-02883-7
1335:Brill's New Pauly
1312:Delamarre, Xavier
1259:978-2-916125-26-8
1128:978-3-11-016315-5
977:, pp. 14–15.
965:, pp. 17–18.
950:, pp. 12–13.
919:979-10-90426-36-8
869:, pp. 15–16.
824:, pp. 25–26.
534:of the ancestral
399:Inscription from
346:Republican period
241:). The region of
109:
3036:
1706:
1705:
1616:
1553:
1546:
1539:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1508:
1491:
1469:
1447:
1428:
1409:
1387:
1370:Kruta, Venceslas
1365:
1346:
1329:
1307:
1285:
1263:
1244:
1203:
1179:
1145:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1114:
1108:
1102:
1096:
1090:
1084:
1078:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1054:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1005:
996:
990:
984:
978:
972:
966:
960:
951:
945:
936:
930:
924:
923:
905:
899:
893:
887:
881:
870:
864:
855:
849:
840:
834:
825:
819:
813:
807:
798:
792:
781:
775:
764:
758:
752:
746:
740:
734:
728:
714:
708:
690:
681:
671:
665:
647:
630:
625:c. 1180, and as
615:
584:
502:
280:
107:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3033:
3009:
3008:
3007:
3002:
2990:
2908:
2898:
2865:
2773:
2730:
2622:
2304:
2107:
1852:
1697:
1678:La Tène culture
1617:
1608:
1562:
1557:
1499:
1497:Further reading
1494:
1488:
1466:
1452:Rivet, A. L. F.
1444:
1425:
1406:
1384:
1362:
1326:
1304:
1282:
1260:
1211:
1206:
1200:
1189:Natural History
1176:
1165:History of Rome
1154:
1152:Primary sources
1149:
1148:
1140:
1136:
1129:
1115:
1111:
1103:
1099:
1093:Euskirchen 2006
1091:
1087:
1079:
1075:
1067:
1063:
1055:
1051:
1043:
1039:
1031:
1027:
1003:
997:
993:
985:
981:
973:
969:
961:
954:
946:
939:
931:
927:
920:
906:
902:
894:
890:
882:
873:
865:
858:
850:
843:
835:
828:
820:
816:
808:
801:
793:
784:
776:
767:
759:
755:
747:
743:
735:
731:
715:
711:
691:
684:
672:
668:
648:
644:
639:
634:
633:
616:
612:
607:
602:
585:
571:
544:
503:
489:
473:around 600 BC.
463:
458:
393:
342:
337:
305:, south of the
301:, north of the
274:
260:
255:
132:
92:
87:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
3042:
3032:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3004:
3003:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2912:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2875:
2873:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2783:
2781:
2779:Eastern Europe
2775:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2740:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2632:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2314:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2117:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1928:Bituriges Cubi
1925:
1920:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1862:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1714:
1712:
1703:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1605:(50 BC–476 AD)
1600:
1594:
1588:
1582:
1577:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1563:
1556:
1555:
1548:
1541:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1509:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1487:978-0691031699
1486:
1470:
1464:
1448:
1442:
1429:
1423:
1410:
1404:
1388:
1382:
1366:
1361:978-0955718236
1360:
1347:
1330:
1324:
1308:
1303:978-8478825721
1302:
1290:de Hoz, Javier
1286:
1281:978-9638046154
1280:
1264:
1258:
1245:
1227:(4): 971–996.
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1204:
1198:
1180:
1175:978-0674992566
1174:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1134:
1127:
1109:
1105:Pelletier 1988
1097:
1085:
1073:
1071:, p. 845.
1061:
1049:
1047:, p. 995.
1037:
1025:
1014:(2): 271–273.
991:
989:, p. 279.
979:
967:
952:
937:
935:, p. 996.
925:
918:
900:
888:
886:, p. 277.
871:
856:
852:Pelletier 1988
841:
826:
814:
812:, p. 981.
799:
782:
765:
761:Delamarre 2003
753:
741:
739:, p. 157.
729:
709:
693:Falileyev 2010
682:
666:
641:
640:
638:
635:
632:
631:
609:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
590:Roman Republic
569:
543:
540:
487:
462:
459:
457:
454:
392:
389:
372:) and Moulon (
354:Saint-Restitut
341:
338:
336:
333:
295:Lagarde-Paréol
259:
256:
254:
251:
245:, attested as
232:Trois-Châteaux
184:, attested as
164:Cassivellaunus
131:
128:
106:(Τρικαστίνοι;
91:
88:
86:
83:
75:Roman Republic
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3041:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3001:
2998:
2993:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2905:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2874:
2872:
2868:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2201:Longostaletes
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1615:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1554:
1549:
1547:
1542:
1540:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1500:
1489:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1443:2-7171-0561-1
1439:
1435:
1430:
1426:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1392:Nègre, Ernest
1389:
1385:
1383:2-221-05690-6
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1325:9782877723695
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1213:
1201:
1199:9780674993648
1195:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1144:, p. 31.
1143:
1138:
1130:
1124:
1120:
1113:
1106:
1101:
1094:
1089:
1082:
1077:
1070:
1065:
1059:, p. 26.
1058:
1053:
1046:
1041:
1034:
1029:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1002:
995:
988:
983:
976:
971:
964:
959:
957:
949:
944:
942:
934:
929:
921:
915:
911:
904:
897:
896:Chouquer 1992
892:
885:
880:
878:
876:
868:
863:
861:
854:, p. 11.
853:
848:
846:
838:
833:
831:
823:
818:
811:
806:
804:
796:
791:
789:
787:
779:
774:
772:
770:
762:
757:
750:
745:
738:
733:
726:
722:
718:
713:
706:
702:
698:
694:
689:
687:
679:
675:
670:
663:
659:
655:
651:
646:
642:
628:
624:
620:
614:
610:
597:
595:
591:
582:
578:
574:
568:
566:
562:
558:
551:
549:
542:Early history
539:
537:
533:
532:fossilization
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
500:
496:
492:
486:
484:
480:
477:Whereupon to
474:
472:
468:
453:
451:
446:
442:
438:
434:
429:
427:
423:
419:
410:
406:
402:
397:
388:
386:
381:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
332:
330:
326:
321:
319:
314:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
278:
273:
269:
265:
250:
248:
244:
240:
237:
233:
230:
229:modern French
226:
222:
220:
214:
211:that changed
210:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
178:
176:
175:
170:
166:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
127:
125:
121:
117:
113:
105:
101:
97:
82:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
51:
49:
45:
42:, during the
41:
37:
33:
30:were a small
29:
19:
2996:
2921:Argentomagus
2889:Tolistobogii
2721:Vertamocorii
2271:Vertamocorii
2250:
2236:Segovellauni
2156:Budenicenses
1948:Coriosolites
1783:Mediomatrici
1593:(125–121 BC)
1585:Galatian War
1576:(ca. 387 BC)
1513:
1504:
1477:
1458:. Batsford.
1455:
1433:
1414:
1395:
1373:
1351:
1334:
1315:
1293:
1271:
1249:
1224:
1220:
1217:Barruol, Guy
1209:Bibliography
1188:
1164:
1137:
1118:
1112:
1107:, p. 6.
1100:
1088:
1076:
1064:
1052:
1045:Barruol 1972
1040:
1028:
1011:
1007:
994:
982:
970:
933:Barruol 1972
928:
909:
903:
891:
837:Talbert 2000
817:
810:Barruol 1972
756:
744:
732:
720:
712:
704:
700:
696:
677:
669:
653:
645:
626:
622:
618:
617:Attested as
613:
587:
576:
553:
545:
523:
519:
516:ethnogenesis
511:
505:
494:
476:
464:
436:
435:mentioned a
430:
421:
417:
414:
408:
391:Roman Empire
382:
357:
343:
322:
315:
307:Segovellauni
272:Diois Massif
261:
246:
238:
231:
218:
216:
212:
208:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
180:The city of
179:
172:
168:
162:
156:Cassi-dannos
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
133:
123:
115:
103:
95:
93:
90:Attestations
52:
48:Roman period
27:
25:
23:Gallic tribe
2909:settlements
2827:Hercuniates
2676:Gallianates
2666:Bromanenses
2161:Camactulici
2113:Narbonensis
2003:Nitiobroges
1923:Bodiocasses
1905:Brannovices
1843:Veliocasses
1823:Silvanectes
1597:Gallic Wars
1436:. Horvath.
1318:. Errance.
778:de Hoz 2005
621:in 993, as
528:sound shift
362:Apollodorus
344:During the
335:Settlements
275: [
268:Rhône river
247:Tricassinus
239:Tria-Castra
104:Trikastínoi
96:Tricastinos
3013:Categories
2971:Magetobria
2884:Tectosages
2807:Cornacates
2802:Britolagai
2754:Lactorates
2726:Votodrones
2701:Montunates
2681:Gennanates
2518:Savincates
2438:Cosuanetes
2388:Bodiontici
2378:Benacenses
2358:Ausuciates
2353:Aneuniates
2348:Ambisontes
2328:Adunicates
2318:Acitavones
2300:Vulgientes
2294:Tectosages
2251:Tricastini
2231:Segobrigii
2131:Allobroges
2121:Agesinates
2103:Viducasses
2018:Petrocorii
1953:Durocasses
1917:Eburovices
1913:Diablintes
1866:Abrincatui
1848:Viromandui
1828:Suessiones
1743:Caeracates
1603:Roman Gaul
1599:(58–50 BC)
1142:Rivet 1988
1081:Kruta 2000
1069:Kruta 2000
1033:Rivet 1988
987:Rivet 1988
884:Rivet 1988
795:Nègre 1990
737:Nègre 1990
717:Pliny 1938
697:Tricastini
600:References
512:Tricastini
471:Bellovesus
352:of Barry (
283:Montélimar
213:Tricastini
206:epenthetic
169:Tricastini
140:Tricastini
63:Bellovesus
28:Tricastini
2986:Vertillum
2961:Entremont
2907:Pre-Roman
2879:Aigosages
2837:Scordisci
2812:Costoboci
2792:Arabiates
2764:Tarusates
2749:Cocosates
2736:Aquitania
2711:Subinates
2651:Arusnates
2646:Anesiates
2628:Cisalpina
2618:Vindelici
2613:Vesubiani
2578:Vediantii
2568:Triulatti
2523:Sebaginni
2508:Rucinates
2503:Quariates
2498:Nemeturii
2488:Nantuates
2463:Graioceli
2448:Eguiturii
2433:Ceutrones
2428:Caturiges
2423:Catubrini
2418:Catenates
2408:Calucones
2403:Brixentes
2398:Brigianii
2393:Brigantii
2338:Ambidravi
2290:Arecomici
2246:Tolosates
2181:Dexivates
2073:Tricasses
2058:Segusiavi
1978:Lemovices
1973:Latobrigi
1871:Ambiliati
1763:Catalauni
1758:Catuslugi
1738:Bellovaci
1728:Atrebates
1693:Vergobret
1668:Cisalpine
1507:. Sorepi.
1233:0023-8856
701:Noiomagos
680:, 2:10:7.
650:Livy 2019
637:Citations
605:Footnotes
573:Livy 2019
491:Livy 2019
479:Segovesus
445:Vocontian
437:Noiomagos
264:Tricastin
258:Territory
253:Geography
243:Tricastin
174:Tricasses
138:ethnonym
130:Etymology
124:Tricassis
36:Tricastin
18:Tricasses
2997:Part of:
2966:Gergovia
2956:Ensérune
2936:Bibracte
2926:Avaricum
2861:Varciani
2856:Taurisci
2845:Celegeri
2832:Latobici
2822:Eravisci
2759:Sotiates
2686:Insubres
2671:Cenomani
2656:Bagienni
2636:Anamares
2608:Vergunni
2598:Vennones
2593:Venostes
2588:Venisami
2583:Velaunii
2553:Suanetes
2548:Sogionti
2538:Segusini
2493:Nemaloni
2453:Gallitae
2383:Bergalei
2363:Avantici
2343:Ambilici
2323:Adanates
2281:Vocontii
2276:Verucini
2266:Tritolli
2261:Tricorii
2256:Tricores
2241:Suelteri
2171:Cenomani
2136:Anatilii
2088:Vellavii
2068:Tigurini
2023:Pictones
1998:Namnetes
1993:Mandubii
1988:Lingones
1968:Helvetii
1943:Carnutes
1909:Cenomani
1886:Andecavi
1773:Eburones
1768:Condrusi
1748:Caeroesi
1733:Atuatuci
1723:Aresaces
1683:Religion
1672:Galatian
1664:Language
1629:Ambactus
1587:(189 BC)
1476:(2000).
1454:(1988).
1394:(1990).
1372:(2000).
1354:. CMCS.
1314:(2003).
1241:41528522
1186:(1938).
1162:(2019).
629:in 1338.
623:San Paul
570:—
565:Druentia
561:Trigorii
557:Vocontii
536:ethnonym
522:- > -
488:—
450:Augustus
366:Massalia
318:Le Pègue
299:Vocontii
270:and the
225:semantic
46:and the
44:Iron Age
2946:Cenabum
2871:Galatia
2841:Dindari
2787:Anartes
2769:Vasates
2716:Taurini
2691:Libicii
2603:Veragri
2573:Ucennii
2563:Tebavii
2558:Suetrii
2533:Segovii
2513:Salassi
2483:Medulli
2478:Licates
2473:Ingauni
2468:Iemerii
2458:Genauni
2443:Ecdinii
2373:Belouni
2211:Nearchi
2196:Ligauni
2191:Libicii
2151:Bormani
2146:Avatici
2141:Atacini
2093:Venelli
2078:Tulingi
2063:Sequani
2053:Senones
2048:Santoni
2033:Redones
2028:Rauraci
2013:Parisii
2008:Osismii
1983:Lexovii
1938:Cadurci
1901:Aulerci
1896:Arverni
1881:Ambarri
1858:Celtica
1838:Triboci
1833:Treveri
1813:Paemani
1803:Nemetes
1793:Menapii
1753:Caletes
1718:Ambiani
1710:Belgica
1702:Peoples
1659:Oppidum
1654:Nemeton
1644:Eubages
1622:Culture
1567:History
1221:Latomus
695:, s.v.
674:Ptolemy
456:History
433:Ptolemy
428:times.
426:Flavian
407:of the
378:Bollène
374:Roussas
370:Donzère
350:oppidum
325:Arausio
303:Cavares
217:Tricast
112:Ptolemy
73:by the
2976:Noreia
2951:Cularo
2941:Bibrax
2916:Alesia
2894:Trocmi
2817:Gotini
2706:Orobii
2696:Marici
2641:Anauni
2543:Sentii
2528:Seduni
2368:Belaci
2333:Alauni
2310:Alpina
2286:Volcae
2226:Salyes
2216:Oxybii
2206:Memini
2186:Helvii
2176:Comani
2166:Cavari
2126:Albici
2098:Veneti
2083:Turoni
2038:Ruteni
1963:Gabali
1958:Esuvii
1891:Arouii
1808:Nervii
1798:Morini
1484:
1462:
1440:
1421:
1402:
1380:
1358:
1322:
1300:
1278:
1256:
1239:
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1196:
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1125:
1008:Gallia
916:
461:Origin
405:flamen
329:Orange
311:Helvii
291:Mornas
287:Uchaux
160:Britt.
148:casti-
136:Celtic
32:Gallic
3024:Gauls
3000:Celts
2981:Tylis
2851:Serdi
2413:Carni
2043:Sagii
1876:Aedui
1788:Meldi
1778:Leuci
1688:Vātes
1639:Druid
1560:Gauls
1237:JSTOR
1184:Pliny
1004:(PDF)
662:21:31
581:21.31
443:, in
441:Nyons
401:Vasio
358:Aeria
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236:Latin
152:cassi
120:Pliny
2843:and
2797:Boii
2744:Boii
2661:Boii
2292:and
2221:Reii
1818:Remi
1634:Bard
1482:ISBN
1460:ISBN
1438:ISBN
1419:ISBN
1400:ISBN
1378:ISBN
1356:ISBN
1320:ISBN
1298:ISBN
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1254:ISBN
1229:ISSN
1194:ISBN
1170:ISBN
1160:Livy
1123:ISBN
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725:3:36
703:and
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499:5.34
467:Livy
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144:tri-
134:The
100:Livy
85:Name
59:Livy
55:Gaul
26:The
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1339:doi
1016:doi
424:in
360:by
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108:var
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