115:
36:
278:
352:(iron ore, and coal) do not appear to have played a role in Germany's fight for the areas annexed. Military annexation was the main stated goal along with unification of the German people. At the same time, France lost 1,447,000 hectares, 1,694 villages and 1,597,000 inhabitants. It also lost 20% of its mining and steel potential. The treaty of trade of 1862 with Prussia was not renewed but France granted Germany, for trade and navigation, a
306:
whose governments were less than enthusiastic with the prospect of having a vengeful France on their doorstep. It also would have necessitated the stationing of substantial imperial forces within these states' borders, possibly compromising their ability to exercise the considerable autonomy that the
269:
The German military spoke up for control of the Alsace region, up to the Vosges (mountain range) and the area between
Thionville (Diedenhofen) and Metz as a requirement for the protection of Germany. Most importantly, the German military regarded control of the route between Thionville and Metz as
331:
until they had been gradually obtained by France over the previous two centuries, allowed Berlin to justify the annexation on nationalistic grounds. However, the conquest of French-speaking areas such as the city of
359:
France also had to pay a full payment of 5,000,000,000 francs in gold, with one billion in 1871, before any German forces withdrawal (which occurred in
September 1873).
319:
The new political border largely (though not entirely) followed the linguistic border. The fact that the majority of the population in the new
Imperial Territory (
210:
region until 1 October 1872 to decide between keeping their French nationality and emigrating, or remaining in the region and becoming German citizens.
1096:
617:
473:
1111:
1076:
531:
526:
298:
Without a westward shift in the boundary, the new empire's frontier with France would have been largely divided between the states of
234:
Required military occupation in parts of France until the indemnity was paid (France paid the indemnity quicker than the agreed time).
627:
482:
1106:
1086:
822:
20:
466:
1121:
1116:
903:
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852:
308:
796:
791:
459:
448:
Eckhardt, C.C. (May, 1918). "The Alsace-Lorraine
Question", The Scientific Monthly, Vol. 6, No. 5, pp. 431–443.
806:
1091:
867:
712:
586:
983:
742:
673:
394:
speech. Thus going against the right of self-determination. Alsace-Lorraine returned to France under the
774:
612:
224:
1126:
1071:
973:
639:
574:
445:
Hartshorne, Richard (Jan, 1950). "The Franco-German
Boundary of 1871", World Politics, pp. 209–250.
356:
clause. France would respect the clauses of the Treaty of
Frankfurt in their entirety until 1914.
1066:
1036:
1026:
968:
908:
754:
581:
564:
1101:
827:
764:
547:
913:
769:
591:
501:
367:
This treaty polarized French policy towards
Germany for the next 40 years. The reconquest of
161:
145:
131:
918:
837:
832:
552:
395:
353:
253:
175:
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8:
898:
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998:
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119:
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sparked outrage in France, and was used as one of the main arguments for French
35:
937:
784:
666:
651:
559:
521:
383:
289:, French Minister of Foreign Affairs, puts his seal on the Treaty of Frankfurt.
228:
138:, which involved the ceding of 1,694 French villages and cities to Germany in:
19:
This article is about the Treaty of
Frankfurt of 1871. For other treaties, see
114:
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135:
55:
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which would be one of the most powerful motives in France's involvement in
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1045:
1008:
978:
942:
873:
858:
702:
376:
286:
271:
678:
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372:
337:
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Set a framework for the withdrawal of German troops from certain areas.
183:
398:. The Germans did surrender under the terms of the American proposal.
277:
693:
194:
153:
99:
149:
157:
371:, the "lost provinces," became an obsession characterized by a
242:
The use of navigable waterways in connection to Alsace-Lorraine
190:
141:
270:
the most important area of control if there were ever to be a
299:
333:
238:
The treaty also established the terms for the following:
481:
386:
advocates the transfer of the territories to France as
327:, and had previously been a part of the German-focused
259:
311:. A shift in the frontier alleviated these issues.
1058:
16:1871 peace treaty ending the Franco-Prussian War
220:of five billion francs (due within five years).
252:Alsace-Lorraine was returned to France in the
467:
307:southern states were able to maintain in the
474:
460:
54:Archiv der Otto-von-Bismarck-Stiftung in
276:
113:
1097:Treaties involving territorial changes
1059:
216:Regulated the payment of France's war
1112:Treaties of the French Third Republic
455:
130:Established the frontier between the
1077:Aftermath of the Franco-Prussian War
260:Factors that influenced the boundary
21:Treaty of Frankfurt (disambiguation)
483:International relations (1814–1919)
432:Treaty of Francfort Full Text (fr)
170:: most of the French department of
13:
102:on 10 May 1871, at the end of the
14:
1138:
174:, one-third of the department of
34:
245:Trade between the two countries
425:
416:
407:
314:
248:The return of prisoners of war
126:The treaty did the following:
1:
1107:Treaties of the German Empire
1087:Military history of Frankfurt
853:Kronstadt–Toulon naval visits
807:1917 Franco-Russian agreement
797:Japan–Korea Annexation Treaty
439:
223:Recognized the acceptance of
713:Second Industrial Revolution
587:League of the Three Emperors
7:
743:Treaty of Versailles (1871)
293:
264:
10:
1143:
792:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905
343:
178:, including the cities of
109:
18:
1122:19th century in Frankfurt
951:
815:
728:
613:European balance of power
605:
540:
489:
396:1919 Treaty of Versailles
362:
156:, except for the city of
61:
50:
42:
33:
28:
1082:Peace treaties of France
904:Venezuela Naval Blockade
575:Anglo-Russian Convention
401:
382:In 1918, U.S. President
909:Alaska boundary dispute
582:Anglo-Japanese Alliance
565:Franco-Russian Alliance
828:Unification of Germany
775:Taft–Katsura agreement
290:
206:Gave residents of the
123:
91:
83:
1117:France–Germany border
914:First Moroccan Crisis
628:Spread of nationalism
592:Eight-Nation Alliance
348:Natural resources in
280:
197:in the department of
132:French Third Republic
117:
919:Algeciras Conference
899:Annexation of Hawaii
838:Great Eastern Crisis
833:Unification of Italy
823:Formation of Romania
640:French–German enmity
354:most-favoured nation
254:Treaty of Versailles
225:Wilhelm I of Prussia
92:Friede von Frankfurt
984:Philippine–American
969:First Sino-Japanese
802:Racconigi agreement
748:Treaty of Frankfurt
708:Great Rapprochement
662:Scramble for Africa
104:Franco-Prussian War
84:Traité de Francfort
76:Treaty of Frankfurt
67:Franco-Prussian War
29:Treaty of Frankfurt
843:Congress of Berlin
760:Reinsurance Treaty
738:Congress of Vienna
718:Industrial warfare
684:Scramble for China
323:) territory spoke
309:unification treaty
291:
124:
1054:
1053:
1023:Albanian Revolts
880:German Naval Laws
864:Naval arms races
848:Berlin Conference
780:Hague Conventions
329:Holy Roman Empire
325:Germanic dialects
72:
71:
1134:
974:Spanish–American
894:Fashoda Incident
770:Treaty of Björkö
755:Treaty of Berlin
689:Open Door Policy
623:Eastern question
570:Entente Cordiale
476:
469:
462:
453:
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38:
26:
25:
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1137:
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1132:
1131:
1127:May 1871 events
1092:Alsace–Lorraine
1072:1871 in Germany
1057:
1056:
1055:
1050:
989:Boxer Rebellion
947:
811:
765:Treaty of Paris
730:
724:
657:New Imperialism
618:Ottoman decline
601:
548:Triple Alliance
536:
497:Austria-Hungary
485:
480:
442:
437:
430:
426:
421:
417:
412:
408:
404:
392:Fourteen Points
369:Alsace-Lorraine
365:
350:Alsace-Lorraine
346:
317:
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267:
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208:Alsace-Lorraine
120:Alsace-Lorraine
112:
24:
17:
12:
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5:
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1079:
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1067:1871 in France
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1021:
1016:
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999:Russo-Japanese
996:
991:
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964:Anglo-Egyptian
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938:Bosnian Crisis
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934:
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887:Austro-Italian
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785:Martens Clause
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667:Egyptian Lever
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652:Pax Britannica
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633:Sovereign debt
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560:Triple Entente
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527:United Kingdom
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422:Hawthorne, 248
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413:Hawthorne, 217
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384:Woodrow Wilson
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229:German Emperor
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180:Château-Salins
165:
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1120:
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1103:
1102:1871 treaties
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1004:Italo-Turkish
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959:Russo-Turkish
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931:Treaty of Fes
929:
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926:Agadir Crisis
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597:Balkan League
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553:Dual Alliance
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532:United States
530:
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341:
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305:
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288:
284:
279:
275:
274:with France.
273:
257:
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144:: the French
143:
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136:German Empire
133:
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127:
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116:
107:
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81:
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68:
64:
60:
57:
56:Friedrichsruh
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
32:
27:
22:
872:
868:Anglo-German
857:
747:
729:Treaties and
490:Great powers
427:
418:
409:
381:
366:
358:
347:
320:
318:
297:
268:
251:
237:
125:
118:
96:peace treaty
75:
73:
1046:World War I
1009:Balkan Wars
994:Second Boer
979:Banana Wars
943:July Crisis
874:Dreadnought
859:Weltpolitik
703:Pan-Slavism
377:World War I
315:Nationalism
287:Jules Favre
281:Watched by
146:departments
46:10 May 1871
1061:Categories
731:agreements
679:Great Game
645:Revanchism
440:References
373:revanchism
338:revanchism
321:Reichsland
272:future war
186:, and the
184:Sarrebourg
98:signed in
694:Meiji era
541:Alliances
218:indemnity
195:Schirmeck
162:territory
154:Haut-Rhin
100:Frankfurt
294:Politics
283:Bismarck
265:Strategy
256:, 1919.
168:Lorraine
160:and its
150:Bas-Rhin
134:and the
94:) was a
51:Location
674:In Asia
507:Germany
390:in his
388:Point 8
344:Economy
304:Bavaria
188:cantons
176:Meurthe
172:Moselle
158:Belfort
110:Summary
62:Purpose
43:Created
1032:Second
1019:Second
816:Events
606:Trends
522:Russia
502:France
363:Legacy
199:Vosges
191:Saales
142:Alsace
88:German
80:French
65:Ended
1037:Third
1027:First
1014:First
517:Japan
512:Italy
402:Notes
300:Baden
952:Wars
334:Metz
302:and
193:and
182:and
152:and
74:The
227:as
148:of
1063::
379:.
340:.
285:,
106:.
90::
86:;
82::
475:e
468:t
461:v
231:.
201:.
164:;
78:(
23:.
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