1075:
3056:
664:
956:
1045:
1315:
42:
947:
4533:
4521:
4557:
4545:
819:
1149:(i.e. how hard are the individual moves) to reflect the risks. In the United Kingdom, this is known as the "adjectival" grade (Diff, VDiff, HS, VS, HVS, E1 to E11). In the United States, it takes the form of a suffix (PG – be careful, R – fall will cause injury, R/X – fall will cause serious injury, X – fall likely to be fatal).
1940:
Greenpoint? OK redpoint, even pinkpoint is tried and tested (i.e. with gear already pre-placed) . But greenpoint? Ay yes, it's the term used to define climbing a sport route without the bolts but using trad gear such as nuts and camming devices! What might at first glance seem somewhat contorted is
577:
Traditional climbing carries a much higher level of risk than bolted sport climbing as the climber may not have placed the protection equipment correctly as they try to ascend the route, or there may be few opportunities to insert satisfactory protection (e.g. on very difficult routes). Traditional
1119:
The other concern is the distance between the protection placements. Where there are many protection placements with small gaps between them (e.g. 2 to 3 metres), then any fall will be short and less onerous; even if one placement fails/rips-out, there are more placements that might still hold.
804:
were set on new traditional climbing routes. However, by the mid-1980s, the leading traditional climbers were again facing technical challenges with minimal possibilities for traditional climbing protection (i.e. tiny or no cracks whatsoever in which to insert SLCDs), that required them to accept
780:
As 20th-century rock climbers began to free climb (i.e. avoiding any form of aid), they often used traditional climbing techniques for protection. Early traditional climbers relied on crude, and often unreliable, forms of homemade "passive" climbing protection such as pieces of metal or
1200:(e.g. ... VS 4c, HVS 5a, E1 5b, E2 5c, E4 6a, ...). Two grades are quoted; the first being the "adjectival grade", and the second being the "technical grade". The interplay between the two grades reflects the "risk grade" of the route. For each "technical grade", there is a
974:
than sport climbing as the lead climber needs to carry, and insert, protection devices as they climb the route. The choice of equipment carried will depend on the type of route being attempted. Some of the most difficult and dangerous traditional routes (e.g.
1689:
the style of climbing (= moving on rocks, up mountains, or up special walls as a sport) in which climbers use devices and ropes that they bring with them and remove after the climb, rather than using devices that have already been fixed to the
2101:
1165:(e.g. ... 6b, 6c, 7a, 7b, 7c, ...), offer no additional "risk grade", and are thus less likely to be used as traditional climbing grades (but may be quoted alongside one). The most dominant grading system for traditional climbing is the
1306:(E7 6b) in 1984, where he said afterward: "At that time to be respected, you really had to be putting up really scary new routes. That was where it was at, in Britain at least. Master's Wall is probably where I risked most".
1136:(E8 6c) have notorious run-outs, where even if the protection holds, the falling climber has a high chance of hitting the ground, as spectacularly shown in the opening sequence of the 1998 British climbing film,
2111:
1161:
for the "technical difficulty", and an additional "risk grade" to reflect how hard the lead climber will find protecting the route as they ascend. Some sport grading systems, particularly the
1098:
The first concern is related to the quality of the protection placements. Where these placements are considered good and will hold the climber in the event of a major fall, they are called "
1216:, for example, E5 6a (or even E6 6a), that means the route is more dangerous and harder to protect. For example, one of the most famous and dangerous extreme British traditional climbs is
1102:" (i.e. they behave just like pre-drilled bolts). However, when the placements are poor, and there is uncertainty that they will hold in the event of a major fall – risking a "
4442:
4437:
2161:
894:(E11, 5.14c R/X, 8c+). The increased prominence of traditional climbing attracted the leading sport climbers who began to repeat—and create—major traditional routes (e.g.
1000:) that offers greater opportunity for inserting protection – into the crack itself – and the lead climber will carry a lot more equipment to secure their safety.
1124:" – means that any fall will be larger and will place more pressure on the existing placements to hold the fall. Famous extreme traditional climbs such as
4489:
3456:
4501:
2469:
1248:
1502:
1297:
1244:
2699:
848:
for protection (but not as artificial aid); this became known as sport climbing. It led to a dramatic increase in climbing standards – all future new
1095:
The traditional climber has two key concerns, or areas of risk, when placing the protection equipment while they are leading the traditional route.
726:
attached to the bolts); sport climbing is therefore a much safer, and less stressful, form of free climbing. Traditional climbing differs from
3444:
2897:
2074:
2780:
2332:
1897:
1722:
SPORT CLIMBING. Climbing on routes which use bolts. TRADITIONAL "TRAD" CLIMBING 1. Climbing where the leader places protection as they go up.
878:(E9, 5.14a R, 8b+) to create one of the world's hardest traditional climbs at the time. Trotter, and other leading 'trad' climbers such as
1212:, for example, E3 6a (or even E2 6a), that means the route is much safer and easier to protect. When the "adjectival grade" is higher than
3429:
2835:
1145:
To reflect the greater risk of traditional climbing routes over sport climbing routes, an additional grade is often added to the route's
84:
2415:
987:) offer very little opportunity to insert protection into the rock, and thus the lead climber carries very little protective equipment.
711:
while climbing the route, as long as they are only for climbing protection and not to aid progression, to also be traditional climbing.
4483:
4452:
2761:
522:
1923:
1116:(E9 6c) in 1986, the protection was so thin, Dawes assumed if he fell, the protection would rip out, and he would fall to the ground.
856:
and the emergence of the "professional" rock climber. Sport climbing then became—and remains—the most popular form of rock climbing.
3478:
3473:
1650:
1254:
849:
801:
583:
108:
1342:
While the status of traditional climbing waned during the rise of the safer disciplines of sport climbing (and its related sport of
1003:
Two main classes of protection are used in traditional climbing, namely: "passive" and "active". Passive protection devices include
5188:
4595:
2959:
1871:"How the World's Boldest Climbing Area Got that Way: How headpointing became a legitimate, go-to tactic on Peak District gritstone"
1706:
2278:
852:
would be set on sport climbing routes. The increased safety of pre-drilled bolts also led to the development and popularity of
2855:
2524:
2251:
1980:
1031:
that dynamically adjust to the size of the crack or fissure in the rock, but also act like temporary sport climbing bolts.
2740:
772:
movement), to describe making the first free ascent of a pre-bolted sport-climb, but only using "traditional protection".
3439:
1019:, which can be inserted into cracks and fissures in the rock that will act like temporary sport climbing bolts (to which
870:(E9, 5.14, 8b) to create one of the hardest traditional crack climbing routes in the world. In 2006, Canadian climber
758:) are now accepted by the leading traditional climbers. Traditional climbers subsequently introduced the derived term '
3088:
2998:
2968:
2944:
1827:
2557:
3424:
3409:
2799:
578:
climbing was once the dominant form of free climbing but since the mid-1980s sport climbing (and its related form of
74:
5259:
2134:
1844:
1103:
1178:
1099:
2817:
2583:
2304:
1961:. Proceedings of the 2021 5th International Seminar on Education, Management and Social Sciences (ISEMSS 2021).
1870:
4561:
4422:
964:
Traditional climbers using various approaches to carrying the extensive protection equipment (or "rack") needed
515:
2672:
1169:(e.g. ... 5.9, 5.10a, 5.10b, 5.10c, 5.10d, 5.11a, ...), which for traditional routes can add the "suffix" of "
1121:
4588:
4352:
3729:
1170:
1085:
1074:
1051:
1024:
793:
1162:
1174:
707:) removes this temporary climbing protection as they climb the route. Some consider the hammering in of
2625:
5254:
3724:
3490:
3046:
2193:
2162:"Greenspit, the dream of a generation climbed in Valle Orco by Matteo della Bordella, Francesco Deiana"
1581:
1257:
were set by traditional climbers. By the end of the 1970s, male traditional climbers were climbing to
120:
1357:
and James
Pearson) were climbing just one notch above the strongest female traditional climbers (e.g.
1166:
5114:
5081:
4549:
4412:
3774:
1561:
1404:
As of 2024, the following traditional routes are considered to be some of the hardest-ever ascended:
508:
2496:
1670:
566:) then removes the protection equipment as they climb the route. Traditional climbing differs from
5053:
4327:
4322:
3468:
1645:
1197:
996:
768:
738:
With the greater popularity of sport climbing, traditional climbing evolved to embrace some of its
593:
From the early 2000s, there was a resurgence in interest in traditional climbing as climbers began
466:
103:
2724:
1350:, contemporary traditional climbers continued to set new "traditional climbing" grade milestones.
4581:
4457:
4252:
4227:
4118:
4111:
3516:
3419:
3374:
2954:
2420:
1954:
1744:
1398:
1394:
1374:
1370:
1277:
1258:
971:
931:
911:
648:
644:
628:
614:
587:
358:
50:
2874:
1620:, a 1998 documentary film about traditional climbing on extreme gritstone routes in the British
4367:
4277:
3920:
3673:
3529:
3461:
3081:
2224:
418:
96:
4427:
882:, led a resurgence in traditional climbing by creating new grade milestones on routes such as
4730:
4402:
4317:
3819:
3685:
2978:
1565:
1486:
863:
830:
759:
594:
555:
5071:
4765:
4432:
4417:
4407:
3658:
3624:
3404:
3156:
3149:
3137:
2048:
1675:
1343:
1190:
853:
579:
170:
163:
151:
8:
4998:
4925:
4825:
4820:
4788:
4307:
4125:
4104:
4007:
3949:
3944:
3903:
3878:
3801:
3707:
3629:
3541:
3282:
2982:
2928:
2840:
2745:
2529:
2501:
2309:
2229:
2198:
2139:
2106:
1875:
1811:
1749:
1547:
1507:
739:
696:
676:
428:
406:
1293:
663:
5129:
4892:
4447:
4029:
3997:
3668:
3651:
3507:
3485:
3451:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3024:
2936:
2902:
2451:
1986:
1819:
1482:
1158:
727:
488:
433:
214:
209:
204:
91:
4942:
2252:"Weekend Whipper: First-time Traditional Climbing Leader Rips-Out 3 (out of 4) Pieces"
955:
4887:
4635:
4537:
4520:
4462:
4257:
4185:
4160:
4146:
4139:
3954:
3856:
3756:
3536:
3207:
3132:
3074:
2994:
2964:
2940:
1990:
1976:
1823:
1782:
1611:
A number of notable films have been made focused on traditional climbing including:
1416:
822:
792:
With the development of "active" traditional climbing protection in the 1970s—called
755:
743:
687:(i.e. no artificial or mechanical device can be used to aid progression, unlike with
599:
461:
451:
221:
146:
25:
2455:
1314:
1196:
One of the most detailed, and still widely used, traditional grading systems is the
703:
as they ascend. After the lead climber has reached the top, the second climber (or
5178:
5162:
5152:
5119:
4930:
4803:
4650:
4397:
4332:
4312:
4287:
4272:
4039:
4017:
3893:
3636:
3272:
2011:
1966:
1635:
documentary film about rock climbing in
Yosemite that includes traditional climbing
1521:
1516:
1302:
1181:"). For example, a famous but serious extreme North American traditional climb is
1146:
1126:
1044:
1016:
983:
890:
837:
797:
786:
782:
623:
493:
473:
269:
259:
113:
41:
5208:
5193:
5048:
5015:
4875:
4525:
4392:
4337:
4292:
4267:
4237:
4022:
3992:
3915:
3910:
3769:
3717:
3641:
3602:
3575:
3260:
3233:
3060:
2007:
1627:
1366:
1204:
equivalent "adjectival grade"; for example, for the technical grade of "6a", the
1028:
800:
that traditional climbers could safely undertake increased dramatically, and new
719:
571:
559:
483:
242:
54:
1971:
1498:
1440:
5218:
5109:
5093:
5076:
4937:
4870:
4863:
4853:
4573:
4384:
4357:
4262:
4232:
4097:
4044:
3987:
3982:
3932:
3873:
3809:
3680:
3663:
3580:
3414:
3379:
3344:
3339:
3294:
3252:
3223:
3173:
3161:
3034:
1585:
1569:
1444:
1430:
1354:
1319:
1267:
1182:
1008:
1004:
991:
871:
860:
715:
700:
672:
618:
567:
478:
423:
368:
328:
323:
247:
232:
187:
175:
79:
2390:
2357:
5248:
5228:
5041:
4947:
4882:
4700:
4665:
4655:
4620:
4604:
4347:
4247:
4192:
4153:
4052:
4002:
3977:
3888:
3741:
3597:
3563:
3384:
3359:
3238:
3228:
3185:
3168:
3112:
2990:
1621:
1551:
1454:
1362:
1289:
1055:
895:
692:
684:
668:
647: (5.14c). In 2019, Jacopo Larcher created what is considered the first
551:
547:
543:
401:
373:
363:
343:
199:
182:
131:
58:
3861:
2333:"No-Bolt Roulette: The Evolution of Headpointing on Peak District Gritstone"
1385:) were climbing two notches above the strongest female sport climbers (e.g.
840:
began to pre-drill permanent masonry bolts into the almost "blank" faces of
5213:
5203:
5198:
5124:
5086:
5010:
4988:
4920:
4858:
4815:
4793:
4707:
4680:
4670:
4660:
4645:
4640:
4625:
4467:
4362:
4242:
4178:
4057:
4012:
3619:
3607:
3568:
3553:
3364:
3289:
3277:
3127:
3014:
1632:
1599:
1525:
1390:
1386:
1217:
1132:
1107:
879:
845:
806:
688:
632:
570:
where the protection equipment is pre-drilled into the rock in the form of
456:
348:
276:
264:
141:
2836:"Desert Testpiece Century Crack (5.14b) Sees Third Ascent by Danny Parker"
1253:
Before the emergence of sport climbing in the early 1980s, almost all new
5223:
5005:
4993:
4957:
4952:
4798:
4783:
4773:
4712:
4690:
4630:
4302:
4297:
4034:
3927:
3826:
3612:
3546:
3369:
3349:
3311:
3299:
3265:
2019:
1576:
1472:
1358:
1330:
follow the line of the thin and tallest crack in the centre of the face.
1262:
1222:
1177:" for routes where a fall at a particular place, could be fatal (i.e. a "
1112:
977:
946:
903:
884:
811:
636:
609:
353:
333:
293:
281:
252:
1208:"adjectival grade" is "E4". Where the "adjectival grade" is lower than
1088:; the crack offers lots of opportunity for inserting climbing protection
562:; when the lead climber has completed the route, the second climber (or
5036:
4978:
4973:
4904:
4810:
4778:
4750:
4740:
4722:
4675:
4612:
3883:
3764:
3697:
3558:
3329:
3306:
3144:
2700:"Pete Whittaker makes first ascent ascent of trad project Crown Royale"
1420:
1378:
1347:
919:
313:
288:
158:
2470:"Sonnie Trotter finds The Path 5.14 R at Lake Louise, Alberta, Canada"
1288:. During the early 1980s, leading European traditional climbers like
5147:
4848:
4735:
4685:
4206:
4199:
4067:
4062:
3972:
3937:
3851:
3796:
3702:
3646:
3585:
3334:
1616:
1595:
1539:
1382:
1377: (5.14c). In contrast, the strongest male sport climbers (e.g.
1281:
1138:
1059:
1020:
751:
723:
391:
318:
1249:
List of grade milestones in rock climbing § Redpointed by Women
5233:
5139:
4840:
4755:
4745:
4282:
4132:
3868:
3831:
3789:
3779:
3097:
1543:
1535:
1464:
1064:
413:
396:
33:
2800:"Dave MacLeod frees Rhapsody E11 7a at Dumbarton Rock in Scotland"
2225:"Did James Pearson Just Establish the World's Hardest Trad Route?"
2194:"Did James Pearson Just Establish the World's Hardest Trad Route?"
2075:"The Indian Face by Johnny Dawes, the story of Britain's first E9"
1245:
List of grade milestones in rock climbing § Redpointed by Men
1023:
and the rope can be clipped into). Active protection consists of
639:
created a new traditional route at the same level as the men with
4983:
4830:
4695:
3898:
3784:
3734:
3590:
3354:
747:
722:
into the route (i.e. the lead climber just clips their rope into
704:
607:
at 8b+), and setting new milestones for traditional routes (e.g.
563:
338:
1300:
would be established. Moffatt's last major traditional FFA was
5183:
3746:
3712:
1012:
859:
Traditional returned to prominence when in 2003, Swiss climber
1783:"What Is Trad Climbing? – Get Started With Our Complete Guide"
4495:
4342:
3814:
3692:
3524:
1959:
Advances in Social
Science, Education and Humanities Research
1412:
841:
708:
4496:
818:
5157:
3066:
1468:
2931:; Gaines, Bob (August 2022). "Chapter 12: Trad Climbing".
2741:"Meltdown: Beth Rodden's Unrepeated Yosemite First Ascent"
1814:; Gaines, Bob (August 2022). "Chapter 12: Trad Climbing".
1334:
holds the line of the crack all the way to the top, while
5031:
1845:"Redpoint, Pinkpoint, and Headpoint – What Do They Mean?"
1157:
The grading of traditional climbing routes starts with a
2781:"Nicolas Favresse climbing The recovery drink in Norway"
1705:
Bate, Chris; Arthur, Charles; et al. (8 May 2006).
914:
created one of the world's first E12 'trad' routes with
683:
Traditional climbing (or "Trad" climbing), is a form of
2525:"Ullrich and Muskett Climb Indian Face (E9 6c/5.13a X)"
2102:"Rock climbing: from ancient practice to Olympic sport"
2012:"The Mechanical Advantage: Tools for the Wild Vertical"
1898:"Heiko Queitsch greenpoint climbing in the Frankenjura"
1353:
By 2024, the strongest male traditional climbers (e.g.
1953:
Zhu, Beifeng; Chen, Ruizhi; Li, Yuan (9 August 2021).
1429:(at least 5.14d, 9a, E12) in Cardarese, Italy, FFA by
4438:
Federación Española de
Deportes de Montaña y Escalada
3044:
1276:, while female traditional climbers were climbing to
1120:
However, large gaps between placements – known as a "
1106:" – they are described as "thin". For example, when
671:
a traditional climbing route, attempting to insert a
590: (5.13c) onwards were on sport climbing routes.
4490:
International
Climbing and Mountaineering Federation
4443:
Fédération française de la montagne et de l'escalade
2582:
Hobley, Nicholas; Grimes, Niall (26 February 2009).
2305:"How the World's Boldest Climbing Area Got that Way"
4502:
2762:"Valle dell'Orco: Tom Randall climbs Pura Pura 8c+"
1707:"A Glossary of Climbing terms: from Abseil to Zawn"
2135:"American Sport Climbing's Contentious Beginnings"
746:(FFA). The previously controversial practices of
1955:"The Origin and Early Evolution of Rock Climbing"
918:, the first repeat was by sport climbing legend,
730:where no climbing protection is used whatsoever.
5246:
4603:
3015:Trad Climbing 101: The Complete Beginner’s Guide
2953:
2673:"The World's Hardest Trad Routes by Winter 2021"
2445:
1924:"Chasin the Trane greenpoint in the Frankenjura"
2667:
2818:"Hazel Findlay Does "Magic Line", 5.14c Trad!"
2665:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2647:
1941:in fact a movement that is gaining popularity.
1230:E7 6c), or 5.13a X under the American system.
1173:" for risk of serious injury in any fall, or "
4589:
3082:
2497:"Trotter Chops Bolts, Sends Marathon Project"
1453:(E11 7a, 5.14c, 8c+) at Redwood, USA, FFA by
516:
2581:
2279:"Johnny Dawes - the rock climbing interview"
1419:(FFA) by James Pearson in 2023; repeated by
1015:, and are metal shapes attached to wires or
651: (5.14d) graded traditional route with
2856:"Sonnie Trotter frees Cobra Crack 5.14 b/c"
2644:
2450:. Central School of Mountaineering, Italy.
2002:
2000:
1433:in 2019; repeated by James Pearson in 2020.
4596:
4582:
4484:International Federation of Sport Climbing
3089:
3075:
2927:
2726:Ethan Pringle on Blackbeard's Tears, 5.14c
2391:"Grade Conversions: Alpine Grading System"
2385:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2006:
1810:
1704:
1309:
766:movement, as a play on the sport climbing
582:) became more popular, and all subsequent
523:
509:
2977:
2626:"Top 16 Hardest Trad Climbs in the World"
2551:
2549:
2547:
2296:
2099:
1970:
1952:
1745:"Learn to Trad Climb: A Beginner's Guide"
1651:List of grade milestones in rock climbing
1238:
990:Classic traditional climbs often involve
750:(i.e. practicing on an abseil rope), and
718:that has the climbing protection already
691:), which is performed in pairs where the
2960:Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills
2898:"The 20 Best Climbing Films of All Time"
2895:
2522:
2446:Mandelli, Gabriele; Angriman, A (2016).
2218:
2216:
2187:
2185:
2183:
1997:
1806:
1804:
1313:
1226:, which is graded E9 6c (instead of the
817:
662:
2555:
2494:
2376:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
1742:
5247:
2729:, touchstoneclimbing.com, Sep 23, 2016
2620:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2556:Oviglia, Maurizio (23 December 2012).
2544:
2448:Scales of Difficulty in Mountaineering
2441:
2439:
2416:"International Grade Comparison Chart"
2330:
2302:
2276:
2222:
2191:
2093:
1946:
1868:
836:At this time, French climbers such as
4577:
3070:
2896:Bisharat, Andrew (6 September 2022).
2697:
2277:Hobley, Nicholas (23 December 2012).
2213:
2180:
2132:
1842:
1801:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1700:
1698:
4544:
2963:(9th ed.). Quiller Publishing.
2154:
2100:Wilkinson, Freddie (14 March 2019).
2034:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1296:changed to sport climbing, in which
733:
4556:
2601:
2575:
2516:
2436:
2408:
2270:
2126:
2067:
970:Traditional climbing requires more
13:
2921:
1836:
1727:
1695:
714:Traditional climbing differs from
14:
5271:
4453:South African Climbing Federation
3008:
2523:Campbell, Duncan (17 July 2013).
2331:Hutton, Mike (12 November 2019).
2223:Clarke, Owen (21 February 2024).
2192:Potter, Stephen (19 March 2024).
1764:
1255:grade milestones in rock climbing
1233:
910:). In 2023, when British climber
4555:
4543:
4532:
4531:
4519:
3425:IFSC World Championships winners
3054:
2558:"The evolution of free climbing"
2495:Lambert, Erik (31 August 2007).
2303:Hutton, Mike (3 November 2022).
1869:Huttom, Mike (3 November 2022).
1843:Pardy, Aaron (5 November 2022).
1550:by Lonnie Kauk in 2018, FFFA by
1073:
1050:Traditional climber inserting a
1043:
954:
945:
40:
2889:
2867:
2848:
2828:
2810:
2792:
2773:
2754:
2733:
2717:
2698:White, Xa (29 September 2023).
2691:
2488:
2462:
2350:
2324:
2244:
2049:"40 years of American Climbing"
1298:all future new grade milestones
4423:British Mountaineering Council
2875:"MacLeod's Boldest: Echo Wall"
1916:
1890:
1862:
1663:
798:grades of technical difficulty
658:
1:
2133:Smith, Craig (22 July 2022).
1743:Ellison, Julie (March 2022).
1656:
1411:(at least 5.14d, 9a, E12) in
1147:grade of technical difficulty
1025:spring-loaded camming devices
925:
805:significant personal risks –
794:spring-loaded camming devices
4605:Extreme and adventure sports
3096:
2358:"Climbing Grade Conversions"
1598:, Scotland, first ascent by
1520:(E11 7a, 5.14c R/X, 8c+) in
1110:freed the traditional climb
1080:Traditional climber leading
1052:spring-loaded camming device
936:
46:Traditional climber leading
7:
1972:10.2991/assehr.k.210806.124
1965:. Atlantis Press: 662–667.
1639:
1193:, which is graded 5.14a R.
1054:for their protection while
10:
5276:
1606:
1582:Squamish, British Columbia
1242:
1152:
1027:(or "friends"), which are
929:
796:(SLCDs, or "friends")—the
775:
5171:
5138:
5102:
5082:Aggressive inline skating
5064:
5024:
4966:
4913:
4839:
4764:
4721:
4611:
4515:
4476:
4413:Appalachian Mountain Club
4383:
4376:
4220:
4170:
4089:
4082:
3965:
3844:
3755:
3515:
3506:
3499:
3397:
3322:
3251:
3216:
3120:
3111:
3104:
2584:"Jerry Moffatt Interview"
815:being a notable example.
4328:Mountain Safety Research
4323:Mountain Equipment Co-op
1646:History of rock climbing
1497:(E11 7a, 5.14c, 8c+) in
1481:(E11 7a, 5.14c, 8c+) in
1463:(E11 7a, 5.14c, 8c+) in
5260:Types of mountaineering
4458:South Tyrol Alpine Club
4253:Eastern Mountain Sports
4119:Canadian Alpine Journal
4112:American Alpine Journal
3375:Roof and tunnel hacking
3025:The Hardest Trad Routes
2421:American Alpine Journal
1594:(E10 7a, 5.14b, 8c) on
1580:(E10 7a, 5.14b, 8c) in
1560:(E10 7a, 5.14b, 8c) in
1310:Post sport-climbing era
1034:
972:rock climbing equipment
932:Rock-climbing equipment
866:the bolted sport climb
742:techniques in making a
4278:Holubar Mountaineering
4090:Magazines and journals
3420:IFSC World Cup winners
1339:
1239:Pre sport-climbing era
833:
754:(i.e. practicing on a
680:
4958:Parachuting/Skydiving
4403:Alpine Club of Canada
4313:Marmot Mountain Works
4268:GERRY Mountain Sports
1397: (5.15d) versus
1373: (5.14d) versus
1317:
888:(E10, 5.14b, 8c) and
821:
666:
16:Type of rock climbing
5072:Freestyle scootering
4898:Traditional climbing
4433:Club Alpino Italiano
4418:Austrian Alpine Club
4408:American Alpine Club
2939:. pp. 311–334.
1822:. pp. 311–334.
1676:Cambridge Dictionary
1439:(proposed 5.14d) in
1344:competition climbing
1191:Lake Louise, Alberta
1159:sport climbing grade
854:competition climbing
580:competition climbing
558:while ascending the
556:protection equipment
536:Traditional climbing
4999:Powered paragliding
4826:Whitewater kayaking
4821:Whitewater canoeing
4428:Club Alpin Français
3802:Mountaineering boot
3415:Piolet d'Or winners
3035:Hardest Trad Climbs
2987:Trad Climbers Bible
2107:National Geographic
1534:(5.14b/c, 8c/+) in
1318:North West face of
697:climbing protection
677:climbing protection
635:). Female climber
597:sport routes (e.g.
80:Piolet d'Or winners
5130:Ski mountaineering
4893:Free solo climbing
4831:Whitewater rafting
4448:German Alpine Club
2860:planetmountain.com
2804:PlanetMountain.com
2785:planetmountain.com
2766:planetmountain.com
2588:PlanetMountain.com
2562:PlanetMountain.com
2395:Rockfax Publishing
2362:Rockfax Publishing
1524:, Scotland, FA by
1451:Blackbeard’s Tears
1340:
900:BlackBeard's Tears
834:
809:'s 1986 ascent of
728:free solo climbing
681:
53: (5c) in the
5255:Types of climbing
5242:
5241:
4888:Big wall climbing
4636:Kite landboarding
4571:
4570:
4511:
4510:
4463:Swiss Alpine Club
4216:
4215:
4171:Non-fiction films
4147:Planinski Vestnik
4140:Himalayan Journal
4078:
4077:
3840:
3839:
3469:Historical events
3440:Eight-thousanders
3393:
3392:
3247:
3246:
2933:How to Rock Climb
2679:. 1 February 2021
2114:on March 27, 2021
1982:978-94-6239-414-8
1930:. 7 November 2011
1816:How to Rock Climb
1789:. 18 October 2021
1443:, Norway, FFA by
1417:first free ascent
1280: (7c), with
1261: (7c+) with
829:5.14a R, 8b+, at
823:Jonathan Siegrist
744:first free ascent
734:First free ascent
631: (5.14c) by
617: (5.14b) by
533:
532:
114:Eight-thousanders
104:Historical events
5267:
5179:Adventure racing
5153:Extreme sledding
5120:Freestyle skiing
4931:Ski-BASE jumping
4804:Technical diving
4651:Mountainboarding
4598:
4591:
4584:
4575:
4574:
4559:
4558:
4547:
4546:
4535:
4534:
4523:
4381:
4380:
4333:Outdoor Research
4087:
4086:
3513:
3512:
3504:
3503:
3474:Grade milestones
3283:Expedition style
3118:
3117:
3109:
3108:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3068:
3067:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3050:
3004:
2989:(1st ed.).
2974:
2955:The Mountaineers
2950:
2935:(6th ed.).
2915:
2914:
2912:
2910:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2882:
2871:
2865:
2863:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2814:
2808:
2807:
2796:
2790:
2788:
2777:
2771:
2769:
2758:
2752:
2750:
2737:
2731:
2730:
2721:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2710:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2677:Gripped Magazine
2669:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2630:Gripped Magazine
2622:
2599:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2553:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2509:
2492:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2476:. 23 August 2007
2466:
2460:
2459:
2443:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2387:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2248:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2220:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2189:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2158:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2130:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2110:. Archived from
2097:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2071:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2045:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2008:Middendorf, John
2004:
1995:
1994:
1974:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1937:
1935:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1849:Gripped Magazine
1840:
1834:
1833:
1818:(6th ed.).
1808:
1799:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1779:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1740:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1717:
1702:
1693:
1692:
1686:
1684:
1667:
1511:
1503:Nicolas Favresse
1501:, Norway, FA by
1467:, USA, FFA (and
1346:), and latterly
1294:Wolfgang GĂĽllich
1271:
1077:
1047:
997:Separate Reality
958:
949:
850:grade milestones
838:Patrick Edlinger
802:grade milestones
584:grade milestones
525:
518:
511:
270:Expedition style
109:Grade milestones
44:
21:
20:
5275:
5274:
5270:
5269:
5268:
5266:
5265:
5264:
5245:
5244:
5243:
5238:
5209:Obstacle racing
5194:Extreme ironing
5167:
5134:
5098:
5060:
5049:Mountain biking
5020:
5016:Wingsuit flying
4962:
4909:
4876:Alpine climbing
4835:
4760:
4717:
4607:
4602:
4572:
4567:
4507:
4472:
4372:
4238:Cascade Designs
4212:
4166:
4074:
3961:
3836:
3770:Abalakov thread
3751:
3495:
3389:
3318:
3243:
3212:
3196:Deep-water solo
3100:
3095:
3065:
3055:
3053:
3045:
3011:
3001:
2971:
2947:
2924:
2922:Further reading
2919:
2918:
2908:
2906:
2894:
2890:
2880:
2878:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2824:. Nov 26, 2019.
2816:
2815:
2811:
2806:. Apr 12, 2006.
2798:
2797:
2793:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2760:
2759:
2755:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2708:
2706:
2696:
2692:
2682:
2680:
2671:
2670:
2645:
2635:
2633:
2632:. 25 March 2019
2624:
2623:
2602:
2592:
2590:
2580:
2576:
2566:
2564:
2554:
2545:
2535:
2533:
2521:
2517:
2507:
2505:
2493:
2489:
2479:
2477:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2444:
2437:
2427:
2425:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2399:
2397:
2389:
2388:
2377:
2367:
2365:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2341:
2339:
2329:
2325:
2315:
2313:
2301:
2297:
2287:
2285:
2275:
2271:
2261:
2259:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2235:
2233:
2221:
2214:
2204:
2202:
2190:
2181:
2171:
2169:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2145:
2143:
2131:
2127:
2117:
2115:
2098:
2094:
2084:
2082:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2058:
2056:
2055:. 22 April 2010
2047:
2046:
2035:
2025:
2023:
2005:
1998:
1983:
1951:
1947:
1933:
1931:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1907:
1905:
1904:. 3 August 2012
1896:
1895:
1891:
1881:
1879:
1867:
1863:
1853:
1851:
1841:
1837:
1830:
1809:
1802:
1792:
1790:
1781:
1780:
1765:
1755:
1753:
1741:
1728:
1715:
1713:
1703:
1696:
1682:
1680:
1671:"Trad climbing"
1669:
1668:
1664:
1659:
1642:
1628:Valley Uprising
1609:
1505:
1485:, Italy, FA by
1367:Barbara Zangerl
1312:
1265:
1251:
1243:Main articles:
1241:
1236:
1198:British E-grade
1185:'s 2007 route,
1167:American system
1155:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1078:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1048:
1037:
968:
967:
966:
965:
961:
960:
959:
951:
950:
939:
934:
928:
778:
736:
661:
542:) is a type of
529:
500:
438:
378:
300:
226:
210:Deep-water solo
125:
61:
55:New River Gorge
17:
12:
11:
5:
5273:
5263:
5262:
5257:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5189:Cheese rolling
5186:
5181:
5175:
5173:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5144:
5142:
5136:
5135:
5133:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5110:Extreme skiing
5106:
5104:
5100:
5099:
5097:
5096:
5094:Roller skating
5091:
5090:
5089:
5084:
5077:Inline skating
5074:
5068:
5066:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5058:
5057:
5056:
5046:
5045:
5044:
5039:
5028:
5026:
5022:
5021:
5019:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
5002:
5001:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4970:
4968:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4938:Bungee jumping
4935:
4934:
4933:
4928:
4917:
4915:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4907:
4902:
4901:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4880:
4879:
4878:
4871:Mountaineering
4868:
4867:
4866:
4864:Mixed climbing
4856:
4854:Crane climbing
4851:
4845:
4843:
4837:
4836:
4834:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4807:
4806:
4801:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4770:
4768:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4727:
4725:
4719:
4718:
4716:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4704:
4703:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4617:
4615:
4609:
4608:
4601:
4600:
4593:
4586:
4578:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4565:
4553:
4541:
4529:
4516:
4513:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4499:
4493:
4487:
4480:
4478:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4389:
4387:
4378:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4358:The North Face
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4288:Sierra Designs
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4263:Frostline Kits
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4224:
4222:
4218:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4210:
4203:
4196:
4189:
4182:
4174:
4172:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4164:
4157:
4154:Rock & Ice
4150:
4143:
4136:
4129:
4122:
4115:
4108:
4101:
4098:Alpine Journal
4093:
4091:
4084:
4080:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4072:
4071:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4026:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3988:Climbing route
3985:
3980:
3975:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3959:
3958:
3957:
3947:
3942:
3941:
3940:
3933:Simul-climbing
3930:
3925:
3924:
3923:
3918:
3908:
3907:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3874:Front pointing
3871:
3866:
3865:
3864:
3859:
3848:
3846:
3842:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3823:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3810:Avalanche cord
3804:
3799:
3794:
3793:
3792:
3782:
3777:
3775:Bottled oxygen
3772:
3767:
3761:
3759:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3738:
3737:
3727:
3722:
3721:
3720:
3715:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3689:
3688:
3678:
3677:
3676:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3639:
3634:
3633:
3632:
3622:
3617:
3616:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3595:
3594:
3593:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3572:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3539:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3521:
3519:
3510:
3501:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3476:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3459:
3449:
3448:
3447:
3442:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3430:IFSC victories
3427:
3422:
3417:
3407:
3401:
3399:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3314:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3297:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3257:
3255:
3253:Mountaineering
3249:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3236:
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3214:
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3102:
3101:
3094:
3093:
3086:
3079:
3071:
3064:
3063:
3043:
3042:
3032:
3022:
3010:
3009:External links
3007:
3006:
3005:
3000:978-0762783724
2999:
2975:
2970:978-1846892622
2969:
2951:
2946:978-1493056262
2945:
2923:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2888:
2877:. Alpinist.com
2866:
2862:, Jun 29, 2006
2847:
2844:, Oct 29, 2018
2827:
2822:rockandice.com
2809:
2791:
2772:
2753:
2749:, Aug 25, 2016
2732:
2716:
2690:
2643:
2600:
2574:
2543:
2515:
2487:
2474:PlanetMountain
2461:
2435:
2407:
2375:
2349:
2323:
2295:
2283:PlanetMountain
2269:
2258:. 2 April 2022
2243:
2212:
2179:
2166:PlanetMountain
2153:
2125:
2092:
2079:PlanetMountain
2066:
2033:
1996:
1981:
1945:
1928:PlanetMountain
1915:
1902:PlanetMountain
1889:
1861:
1835:
1829:978-1493056262
1828:
1800:
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1726:
1694:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1624:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1589:
1586:Sonnie Trotter
1573:
1570:Pete Whittaker
1564:, Utah, FA by
1555:
1529:
1522:Dumbarton Rock
1513:
1495:Recovery Drink
1491:
1490:
1476:
1458:
1448:
1445:Pete Whittaker
1434:
1431:Jacopo Larcher
1424:
1401: (5.15b)
1355:Jacopo Larcher
1320:Dumbarton Rock
1311:
1308:
1274:Grand Illusion
1240:
1237:
1235:
1234:Hardest routes
1232:
1220:' 1986 route,
1183:Sonnie Trotter
1154:
1151:
1079:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1049:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1033:
992:crack climbing
963:
962:
953:
952:
944:
943:
942:
941:
940:
938:
935:
927:
924:
872:Sonnie Trotter
861:Didier Berthod
777:
774:
735:
732:
716:sport climbing
701:climbing route
660:
657:
619:Sonnie Trotter
568:sport climbing
531:
530:
528:
527:
520:
513:
505:
502:
501:
499:
498:
497:
496:
491:
486:
476:
471:
470:
469:
464:
454:
448:
445:
444:
440:
439:
437:
436:
431:
426:
424:Simul climbing
421:
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399:
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388:
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366:
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239:
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233:mountaineering
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127:
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118:
117:
116:
111:
101:
100:
99:
89:
88:
87:
85:IFSC victories
82:
71:
68:
67:
63:
62:
45:
37:
36:
30:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5272:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5252:
5250:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5229:Ultramarathon
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
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5128:
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5073:
5070:
5069:
5067:
5063:
5055:
5052:
5051:
5050:
5047:
5043:
5042:Freestyle BMX
5040:
5038:
5035:
5034:
5033:
5030:
5029:
5027:
5023:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
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5000:
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4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4965:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4948:Cliff jumping
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4923:
4922:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4912:
4906:
4903:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4884:
4883:Rock climbing
4881:
4877:
4874:
4873:
4872:
4869:
4865:
4862:
4861:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
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4838:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
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4800:
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4777:
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4752:
4749:
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4737:
4734:
4732:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4724:
4720:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4702:
4701:River surfing
4699:
4698:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4691:Street luging
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4666:Skateboarding
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4656:Riverboarding
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4621:Bellyboarding
4619:
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4616:
4614:
4610:
4606:
4599:
4594:
4592:
4587:
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4580:
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4514:
4503:
4500:
4497:
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4491:
4488:
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4482:
4481:
4479:
4477:International
4475:
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4459:
4456:
4454:
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4441:
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4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4386:
4382:
4379:
4377:Organizations
4375:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
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4326:
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4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
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4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4248:Early Winters
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4228:Black Diamond
4226:
4225:
4223:
4219:
4209:
4208:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4197:
4195:
4194:
4193:The Dawn Wall
4190:
4188:
4187:
4183:
4181:
4180:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4169:
4163:
4162:
4158:
4156:
4155:
4151:
4149:
4148:
4144:
4142:
4141:
4137:
4135:
4134:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4116:
4114:
4113:
4109:
4107:
4106:
4102:
4100:
4099:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4088:
4085:
4081:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4053:Bachar ladder
4051:
4050:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4003:Climbing wall
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3978:Approach shoe
3976:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3964:
3956:
3953:
3952:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3912:
3909:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3891:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3843:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3807:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3754:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3679:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3599:
3598:Climbing rope
3596:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3552:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3518:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3502:
3498:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3480:
3479:First ascents
3477:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3470:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3453:
3450:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3396:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3308:
3305:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3271:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3250:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3215:
3209:
3206:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3184:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3170:
3167:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3155:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3143:
3139:
3136:
3135:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3113:Rock climbing
3110:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3092:
3087:
3085:
3080:
3078:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3062:
3052:
3051:
3048:
3040:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3002:
2996:
2992:
2991:Falcon Guides
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2966:
2962:
2961:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2942:
2938:
2937:Falcon Guides
2934:
2930:
2926:
2925:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2892:
2876:
2870:
2861:
2857:
2851:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2831:
2823:
2819:
2813:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2787:, Jan 1, 2015
2786:
2782:
2776:
2768:, Jul 1, 2014
2767:
2763:
2757:
2748:
2747:
2742:
2736:
2728:
2727:
2720:
2705:
2701:
2694:
2678:
2674:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2631:
2627:
2621:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2589:
2585:
2578:
2563:
2559:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2532:
2531:
2526:
2519:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2491:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2442:
2440:
2423:
2422:
2417:
2411:
2396:
2392:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2363:
2359:
2353:
2338:
2334:
2327:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2299:
2284:
2280:
2273:
2257:
2253:
2247:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2219:
2217:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2167:
2163:
2157:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2129:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2096:
2081:. 1 June 2020
2080:
2076:
2070:
2054:
2050:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2003:
2001:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1949:
1942:
1929:
1925:
1919:
1903:
1899:
1893:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1865:
1850:
1846:
1839:
1831:
1825:
1821:
1820:Falcon Guides
1817:
1813:
1807:
1805:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1752:
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1746:
1739:
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1672:
1666:
1662:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1634:
1630:
1629:
1625:
1623:
1622:Peak District
1619:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1558:Century Crack
1556:
1553:
1552:Hazel Findlay
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1455:Ethan Pringle
1452:
1449:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1363:Hazel Findlay
1360:
1356:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1307:
1305:
1304:
1303:Master's Wall
1299:
1295:
1291:
1290:Jerry Moffatt
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1250:
1246:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1163:French system
1160:
1150:
1148:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1128:
1127:Master's Edge
1123:
1117:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1087:
1083:
1076:
1066:
1062:
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1053:
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985:
984:Master's Edge
980:
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973:
957:
948:
933:
923:
921:
917:
913:
912:James Pearson
909:
905:
901:
897:
896:Ethan Pringle
893:
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874:greenpointed
873:
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685:free climbing
678:
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595:greenpointing
591:
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573:
569:
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548:rock climbing
545:
544:free climbing
541:
540:trad climbing
537:
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56:
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49:
43:
39:
38:
35:
32:
31:
27:
23:
22:
19:
5219:Powerbocking
5214:Orienteering
5204:Fell running
5199:Extreme Pogo
5125:Speed skiing
5087:Vert skating
5011:Speed flying
4989:Hang gliding
4943:Cliff-diving
4921:BASE jumping
4897:
4859:Ice climbing
4816:Water skiing
4794:Scuba diving
4766:Water sports
4708:Wakeboarding
4681:Snowboarding
4671:Skimboarding
4661:Sandboarding
4646:Longboarding
4641:Kiteboarding
4626:Bodyboarding
4560:
4548:
4536:
4524:
4468:USA Climbing
4368:Wild Country
4363:Therm-a-Rest
4205:
4198:
4191:
4184:
4179:The Alpinist
4177:
4159:
4152:
4145:
4138:
4131:
4124:
4117:
4110:
4103:
4096:
4058:Campus board
4013:First ascent
3757:Ice and snow
3554:Belay device
3405:Alpine clubs
3365:Ropes course
3278:Alpine style
3178:
3038:
3028:
3018:
2986:
2979:Croft, Peter
2958:
2932:
2909:28 September
2907:. Retrieved
2901:
2891:
2879:. Retrieved
2869:
2859:
2850:
2839:
2830:
2821:
2812:
2803:
2794:
2784:
2775:
2765:
2756:
2744:
2735:
2725:
2719:
2707:. Retrieved
2703:
2693:
2681:. Retrieved
2676:
2634:. Retrieved
2629:
2591:. Retrieved
2587:
2577:
2565:. Retrieved
2561:
2534:. Retrieved
2528:
2518:
2506:. Retrieved
2500:
2490:
2478:. Retrieved
2473:
2464:
2447:
2426:. Retrieved
2419:
2410:
2398:. Retrieved
2394:
2366:. Retrieved
2361:
2352:
2340:. Retrieved
2336:
2326:
2314:. Retrieved
2308:
2298:
2286:. Retrieved
2282:
2272:
2260:. Retrieved
2255:
2246:
2234:. Retrieved
2228:
2203:. Retrieved
2197:
2172:16 September
2170:. Retrieved
2165:
2156:
2144:. Retrieved
2138:
2128:
2116:. Retrieved
2112:the original
2105:
2095:
2083:. Retrieved
2078:
2069:
2057:. Retrieved
2052:
2024:. Retrieved
2015:
1962:
1958:
1948:
1939:
1932:. Retrieved
1927:
1918:
1906:. Retrieved
1901:
1892:
1880:. Retrieved
1874:
1864:
1852:. Retrieved
1848:
1838:
1815:
1791:. Retrieved
1786:
1754:. Retrieved
1748:
1721:
1714:. Retrieved
1710:
1688:
1681:. Retrieved
1674:
1665:
1633:Sender Films
1626:
1615:
1610:
1600:Dave MacLeod
1591:
1575:
1557:
1531:
1526:Dave MacLeod
1515:
1499:Jøssingfjord
1494:
1478:
1460:
1450:
1441:Jøssingfjord
1437:Crown Royale
1436:
1426:
1408:
1403:
1391:Laura Rogora
1387:Angela Eiter
1352:
1341:
1338:veers right.
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1301:
1285:
1273:
1252:
1227:
1221:
1218:Johnny Dawes
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1186:
1156:
1144:
1137:
1131:
1130:(E7 6c) and
1125:
1118:
1111:
1108:Johnny Dawes
1097:
1094:
1086:Indian Creek
1081:
1063:(5.11b), in
1058:
1002:
995:
989:
982:
976:
969:
915:
907:
899:
889:
883:
880:Dave MacLeod
875:
867:
864:greenpointed
858:
835:
826:
810:
807:Johnny Dawes
791:
785:attached to
779:
767:
763:
752:headpointing
737:
713:
693:lead climber
689:aid climbing
682:
652:
640:
633:Dave MacLeod
622:
608:
604:
598:
592:
576:
552:lead climber
539:
535:
534:
457:First ascent
359:Roof hacking
349:Rock hopping
265:Alpine style
192:
47:
18:
5224:Slacklining
5006:Parasailing
4994:Paragliding
4953:Tombstoning
4799:Cave diving
4784:High diving
4774:Coasteering
4723:Motorsports
4713:Windsurfing
4686:Snowskating
4631:Dirtsurfing
4613:Boardsports
4562:WikiProject
4398:Alpine Club
4393:Access Fund
4303:Lowe Alpine
4298:La Sportiva
4035:Fall factor
3928:Self-arrest
3904:Redpointing
3827:Snow anchor
3581:Boulder mat
3530:Daisy chain
3500:Terminology
3491:Terminology
3370:Rooftopping
3312:Hillwalking
3300:Dry-tooling
3266:Via ferrata
3179:Traditional
3157:Competition
3138:Multi-pitch
3121:Disciplines
2881:22 February
2536:10 February
2342:11 February
2316:13 November
2026:21 December
2020:Sierra Club
1934:22 December
1908:22 December
1882:13 February
1854:21 December
1793:28 February
1756:28 February
1711:UK Climbing
1577:Cobra Crack
1566:Tom Randall
1562:Canyonlands
1506: [
1487:Tom Randall
1483:Orco Valley
1473:Beth Rodden
1359:Beth Rodden
1286:Ophir Broke
1266: [
1263:Toni Yaniro
1223:Indian Face
1113:Indian Face
1104:zipper-fall
1082:Coyne Crack
1009:hexcentrics
978:Indian Face
904:Beth Rodden
885:Cobra Crack
831:Lake Louise
812:Indian Face
783:chockstones
748:hangdogging
740:redpointing
659:Description
637:Beth Rodden
610:Cobra Crack
554:places the
407:Redpointing
383:Key actions
354:Rooftopping
305:Other types
294:Hillwalking
282:Dry-tooling
253:Via ferrata
193:Traditional
171:Competition
152:Multi-pitch
121:Terminology
48:Super Crack
5249:Categories
5234:Zip-lining
5115:Freeriding
5037:BMX racing
4979:Air racing
4974:Aerobatics
4905:Skyrunning
4811:Snorkeling
4789:Jet Skiing
4779:Freediving
4751:Rally raid
4741:Rallycross
4676:Skysurfing
4186:El Capitan
3950:Traversing
3899:Onsighting
3879:Glissading
3862:DĂĽlfersitz
3857:Australian
3820:Transeiver
3765:Alpenstock
3698:Portaledge
3686:Copperhead
3625:Descenders
3559:Auto belay
3350:Commercial
3330:Buildering
3307:Scrambling
3217:Rock types
3208:Top roping
3145:Bouldering
3039:HardClimbs
3019:99boulders
2983:Long, John
2929:Long, John
2709:8 February
2704:UKClimbing
2593:14 January
2508:8 February
2480:8 February
2168:. May 2019
1812:Long, John
1657:References
1532:Magic Line
1421:Adam Ondra
1415:, France,
1409:Bon Voyage
1379:Adam Ondra
1348:bouldering
1179:chop route
1100:bomb-proof
1021:quickdraws
930:See also:
926:Protection
920:Adam Ondra
916:Bon Voyage
762:' (or the
724:quickdraws
720:pre-bolted
550:where the
434:Techniques
429:Traversing
334:Commercial
314:Buildering
289:Scrambling
222:Top roping
159:Bouldering
5148:Bobsleigh
4926:Free BASE
4849:Canyoning
4736:Motocross
4338:Patagonia
4221:Companies
4207:Hard Grit
4200:Free Solo
4068:MoonBoard
4063:Hangboard
4049:Training
3998:Guidebook
3973:Ape index
3938:Rope team
3852:Abseiling
3797:Ice screw
3703:Quickdraw
3586:Carabiner
3508:Equipment
3486:Technique
3452:Equipment
3335:Canyoning
3273:Himalayan
3201:Rope solo
3191:Free solo
2636:3 January
2567:4 January
2288:9 January
2085:9 January
2022:: 149–173
1991:238693283
1631:, a 2014
1617:Hard Grit
1596:Ben Nevis
1592:Echo Wall
1546:in 1996,
1540:pinkpoint
1479:Pura Pura
1383:Seb Bouin
1282:Lynn Hill
1139:Hard Grit
1084:(5.11+),
1060:Freeblast
937:Equipment
868:Greenspit
764:GrĂĽnpunkt
699:into the
600:Greenspit
443:Key terms
392:Abseiling
319:Canyoning
260:Himalayan
231:Types of
215:Rope solo
205:Free solo
130:Types of
92:Equipment
5163:Skeleton
5140:Sledding
5054:Downhill
4841:Climbing
4756:Snocross
4746:Rallying
4731:Drifting
4538:Category
4385:National
4283:JanSport
4258:Five Ten
4133:Desnivel
4126:Climbing
4105:Alpinist
4030:Exposure
4008:Chipping
3955:Tyrolean
3945:Spotting
3916:Crevasse
3894:Flashing
3884:Jumaring
3869:Belaying
3832:Snowshoe
3790:Ice tool
3780:Crampons
3630:Figure-8
3542:Ascender
3410:Climbers
3150:Highball
3133:Big wall
3098:Climbing
3061:Climbing
2985:(2014).
2957:(2018).
2841:Climbing
2746:Climbing
2683:21 March
2530:Climbing
2502:Alpinist
2456:53358088
2337:Climbing
2310:Climbing
2256:Climbing
2230:Climbing
2199:Climbing
2140:Climbing
2053:Climbing
2010:(1999).
1876:Climbing
1750:Climbing
1716:29 April
1640:See also
1602:in 2008.
1588:in 2006.
1584:, FA by
1572:in 2011.
1554:in 2019.
1548:redpoint
1544:Ron Kauk
1536:Yosemite
1528:in 2006.
1517:Rhapsody
1512:in 2013.
1489:in 2014.
1475:in 2008.
1465:Yosemite
1461:Meltdown
1457:in 2016.
1447:in 2023.
1423:in 2024.
1332:Rhapsody
1324:Rhapsody
1187:The Path
1065:Yosemite
908:Meltdown
891:Rhapsody
876:The Path
827:The Path
769:Rotpunkt
756:top rope
667:Climber
643:also at
641:Meltdown
624:Rhapsody
605:The Path
414:Jumaring
397:Belaying
164:Highball
147:Big wall
75:Climbers
34:Climbing
26:a series
24:Part of
5065:Rolling
5025:Cycling
4984:Gliding
4914:Falling
4696:Surfing
4550:Commons
4504:(UIMLA)
4498:(UIAGM)
3889:Leading
3806:Rescue
3785:Ice axe
3735:Camalot
3669:Lanyard
3652:Skyhook
3637:Harness
3608:Dynamic
3591:Maillon
3564:Glasses
3445:Everest
3436:Deaths
3355:Parkour
3029:theCrag
2903:Outside
2368:2 March
2262:1 March
2236:7 April
2205:7 April
2146:2 March
2118:2 March
2059:2 March
1787:Climber
1683:18 July
1607:In film
1336:Requiem
1328:Requiem
1153:Grading
1122:run out
1056:leading
1013:tricams
776:History
705:belayer
695:places
669:leading
564:belayer
402:Leading
339:Parkour
5184:Caving
5172:Others
5103:Skiing
4967:Flying
4526:Portal
4492:(UIAA)
4486:(IFSC)
4318:Millet
4308:Mammut
4273:Grivel
4243:Deuter
4161:Summit
4045:Guides
4040:Grades
3911:Rescue
3845:Action
3747:Tricam
3713:Grigri
3659:Hammer
3613:Static
3569:Gloves
3537:Anchor
3457:Brands
3261:Alpine
3047:Portal
3041:(2024)
3031:(2024)
3021:(2020)
2997:
2967:
2943:
2454:
2424:. 2013
2364:. 2023
2016:Ascent
1989:
1979:
1826:
1679:. 2023
1247:, and
1228:normal
1214:normal
1210:normal
1206:normal
1202:normal
1017:slings
994:(e.g.
846:Verdon
787:slings
709:pitons
621:, and
452:Anchor
243:Alpine
4343:Petzl
4293:Kelty
4083:Media
4018:Pitch
3983:Clean
3966:Other
3815:RECCO
3742:Shoes
3730:SLCDs
3725:Sling
3693:Piton
3642:Hooks
3620:Chalk
3547:Croll
3525:Aider
3462:Knots
3398:Lists
3380:Slide
3345:Grass
3340:Crane
3323:Other
3295:Mixed
3224:Crack
3174:Sport
3162:Speed
3105:Types
2452:S2CID
2428:1 May
2400:4 May
1987:S2CID
1510:]
1471:) by
1427:Tribe
1413:Annot
1393:) at
1369:) at
1278:5.12d
1270:]
1259:5.13a
906:with
898:with
842:Buoux
653:Tribe
586:from
572:bolts
560:route
494:Pitch
489:Guide
479:Route
474:Grade
369:Slide
329:Grass
324:Crane
248:Mixed
188:Sport
176:Speed
97:Knots
66:Lists
5158:Luge
4233:CAMP
4023:Topo
3993:Beta
3921:Self
3718:Revo
3708:SLDs
3647:Fifi
3603:Cord
3576:Bolt
3517:Rock
3385:Tree
3360:Pole
3239:Slab
3234:Roof
3229:Face
3186:Solo
3169:Free
2995:ISBN
2965:ISBN
2941:ISBN
2911:2023
2883:2006
2711:2024
2685:2023
2638:2022
2595:2022
2569:2022
2538:2023
2510:2023
2482:2023
2430:2023
2402:2023
2370:2023
2344:2022
2318:2022
2290:2022
2264:2023
2238:2024
2207:2024
2174:2023
2148:2023
2120:2023
2087:2022
2061:2023
2028:2022
1977:ISBN
1936:2022
1910:2022
1884:2023
1856:2022
1824:ISBN
1795:2023
1758:2023
1718:2018
1690:rock
1685:2023
1568:and
1469:FFFA
1389:and
1381:and
1365:and
1326:and
1292:and
1133:Gaia
1035:Risk
1029:cams
1011:and
1005:nuts
902:and
844:and
675:for
603:and
538:(or
484:Beta
467:FFFA
374:Tree
364:Rope
344:Pole
200:Solo
183:Free
5032:BMX
4353:REI
4348:Rab
3681:Nut
3674:PAC
3664:Hex
3290:Ice
3128:Aid
1967:doi
1963:571
1542:by
1375:8c+
1284:on
1272:'s
1189:in
981:or
825:on
673:nut
645:8c+
629:8c+
627:at
613:at
588:8a+
546:in
462:FFA
277:Ice
142:Aid
51:5.9
5251::
3037:,
3027:,
3017:,
2993:.
2981:;
2900:.
2858:,
2838:,
2820:.
2802:.
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2764:,
2743:,
2702:.
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2603:^
2586:.
2560:.
2546:^
2527:.
2499:.
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2378:^
2360:.
2335:.
2307:.
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2164:.
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2104:.
2077:.
2051:.
2036:^
2018:.
2014:.
1999:^
1985:.
1975:.
1957:.
1938:.
1926:.
1900:.
1873:.
1847:.
1803:^
1785:.
1766:^
1747:.
1729:^
1720:.
1709:.
1697:^
1687:.
1673:.
1538:,
1508:fr
1399:9b
1395:9c
1371:9a
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1007:,
922:.
789:.
655:.
649:9a
615:8c
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2770:.
2751:.
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2432:.
2404:.
2372:.
2346:.
2320:.
2292:.
2266:.
2240:.
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2150:.
2122:.
2089:.
2063:.
2030:.
1993:.
1969::
1912:.
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517:t
510:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
