47:
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767:
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Free climbing means using no form of artificial or mechanical aid to help progression in ascending a route. Even the act of pulling on the climbing protection equipment as employed in 'French free climbing' (either placed by the climber while climbing or already in situ with pre-placed
1032:
1042:
669:(V+/A1), in the Frankenjura, signifying he had "free climbed" it as a redpoint (i.e. after many failed attempts); the redpoint became the accepted definition of what constituted a "
632:" and proposed 6 rules of free climbing including the important rule 4: "The piton is an emergency aid and not the basis of a system of mountaineering". In 1913, German climber
2818:
919:, i.e. that you must always climb the route first try. Free climbing in traditional climbing and sport climbing also uses the 'redpoint' as a definition of a first free ascent.
748:
Despite the name, 'French free climbing' is not considered 'free climbing' per se, and a climber that uses the technique could not claim a 'first free ascent' of a new route.
2813:
985:
the sport of climbing on rocks, up mountains, or up walls or buildings using no equipment to help you to climb, only ropes or other safety devices that prevent falling
927:; however, clean climbing does not support bolted sport climbing routes on natural rock, and thus external redpointed first free ascents are not advocated.
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1832:
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to protect the soft sandstone rock. The rules said that only natural holds were allowed, and these "rules for free climbing" are in still use today.
648:
1820:
876:, as no forms of additional mechanical devices are employed in free soloing, it is, almost by definition, the purest form of free climbing.
893:, i.e. that you must always be alone and without any partner. Free climbing in traditional climbing and sport climbing uses a supporting
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95:
1145:
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533:
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854:
equipment is used (placed by the climber as they ascend the route), but not for any form of aid in progression on the climbing route.
702:
569:
to help overcome the obstacles encountered while ascending a route. The development of free climbing was an important moment in the
119:
1407:
1016:
climbing without using pitons, Ă©triers, etc, as direct aids to ascent, but using ropes, belays, etc, at discretion for security
1249:
613:
1128:
721:, refers to the French lead climbing technique of "pulling upward" on pieces of in-situ climbing protection equipment (e.g.
908:
equipment. Free climbing in traditional climbing and sport climbing uses climbing protection (but not to aid progression).
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745:
routes where it is important that the climber(s) progress efficiently and not get overly delayed on a specific section.
1464:
1416:
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1800:
1785:
85:
1308:
1197:
1109:. Proceedings of the 2021 5th International Seminar on Education, Management and Social Sciences (ISEMSS 2021).
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580:
Free climbing can be performed in several formats depending on the type of climbing protection used, including
526:
733:
on traditional climbing routes), as a source of aid in ascending the climbing route. It is equivalent to an
2728:
2105:
864:
are used for climbing protection, but again, not for any form of aid in progression on the climbing route.
622:
dispute"), by advocating for a transition to "free climbing" via a series of essays and articles in the
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Free climbing has been called "rock climbing's most commonly mistaken term", with problems including:
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870:, as no forms of additional devices are employed in bouldering, it is by definition, free climbing.
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Free climbing can be performed in a variety of types of climbing, and most importantly:
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Free climbing is related to, but separate from, the broader climbing topic area of
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1172:"Remembering Kurt Albert, German climbing legend and father of the redpoint"
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2554:
2433:
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1995:
1983:
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833:
663:
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565:. Free climbing, therefore, cannot use any of the tools that are used in
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169:
1347:"What Is Free Climbing? – Rock Climbing's Most Commonly Mistaken Term"
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1961:
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701:(i.e. completed after a first failed attempt). FFAs that create new
402:
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60:
38:
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1966:
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The free climbing movement was an important development in the
1250:"Who Did It First? Style, Grades and Dispute in First Ascents"
2871:
2718:
2190:
2068:
1900:
1223:"What Is A Redpoint In Climbing? – Climbing Jargon Explained"
1107:
Advances in Social
Science, Education and Humanities Research
619:
2872:
573:, including the concept and definition of what determined a
1442:
730:
681:
The first "free climb" of a climbing route is known as the
561:
but not as an artificial aid to help them in ascending the
1198:"Redpoint, Pinkpoint, and Headpoint – What Do They Mean?"
689:. They also chronicle whether the "free climb" was done
1069:"The Mechanical Advantage: Tools for the Wild Vertical"
1033:"Rock climbing: from ancient practice to Olympic sport"
911:
Incorrectly assuming that "free climbing" always means
900:
Incorrectly assuming that "free climbing" always means
889:
Incorrectly assuming that "free climbing" always means
737:
aid climbing technique and is typically used on longer
1101:
Zhu, Beifeng; Chen, Ruizhi; Li, Yuan (9 August 2021).
2814:
Federación Española de
Deportes de Montaña y Escalada
1309:"Climb Long Routes Faster With This Simple Aid Trick"
685:, or FFA, and is chronicled by climbing journals and
2866:
International
Climbing and Mountaineering Federation
2819:
Fédération française de la montagne et de l'escalade
2878:
1146:"Kurt Albert is dead. Goodbye to a climbing legend"
19:For climbing without protection or a partner, see
1103:"The Origin and Early Evolution of Rock Climbing"
588:(uses permanently fixed in-situ protection), and
2951:
1401:
693:(i.e. first try without any prior information),
1458:
527:
697:(i.e. first try with prior information), or
1433:Free Climbing vs Free Solo vs Solo Climbing
2860:International Federation of Sport Climbing
1465:
1451:
1375:
1063:
647:), which included the first binding rules
638:Der Bergsteiger in der Sächsischen Schweiz
534:
520:
1118:
1100:
1030:
1408:Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills
1247:
1096:
1094:
1026:
1024:
1306:
1057:
712:
584:(uses temporary removable protection),
2952:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1170:Hobley, Nicholas (28 September 2020).
1169:
1143:
1446:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1195:
1091:
1021:
836:and carries an aid climbing grade of
2920:
1411:(9th ed.). Quiller Publishing.
1144:Hobley, Nicholas (29 October 2010).
1031:Wilkinson, Freddie (14 March 2019).
880:
676:
2932:
1269:
1248:Sanzarro, Francis (22 March 2022).
904:, i.e. that you must never use any
16:Climbing without using aid climbing
13:
1369:
1326:
1215:
1189:
596:(uses no protection whatsoever).
577:(or FFA) of a route by a climber.
553:in which the climber can only use
14:
2971:
2829:South African Climbing Federation
1426:
658:painted his first "Rotpunkt" (or
612:started what became known as the
2931:
2919:
2908:
2907:
2895:
1801:IFSC World Championships winners
1196:Pardy, Aaron (5 November 2022).
811:
797:
780:
765:
636:published the second edition of
45:
1307:Synnott, Mark (2 August 2021).
1300:
1241:
2799:British Mountaineering Council
1282:"What is French free climbing"
1163:
1137:
990:
959:
759:Various forms of free climbing
1:
1379:; Gaines, Bob (August 2022).
952:
1472:
608:. In 1911, Austrian climber
7:
1120:10.2991/assehr.k.210806.124
1113:. Atlantis Press: 662–667.
930:
10:
2976:
1003:Collins English Dictionary
599:
18:
2891:
2852:
2789:Appalachian Mountain Club
2759:
2752:
2596:
2546:
2465:
2458:
2341:
2220:
2131:
1891:
1882:
1875:
1773:
1698:
1627:
1592:
1496:
1487:
1480:
860:, where pre-placed fixed
2704:Mountain Safety Research
2699:Mountain Equipment Co-op
751:
705:are important events in
654:In 1975, German climber
649:for climbing in the area
606:history of rock climbing
571:history of rock climbing
2834:South Tyrol Alpine Club
2629:Eastern Mountain Sports
2495:Canadian Alpine Journal
2488:American Alpine Journal
1751:Roof and tunnel hacking
2654:Holubar Mountaineering
2466:Magazines and journals
1796:IFSC World Cup winners
51:Climber free climbing
2779:Alpine Club of Canada
2689:Marmot Mountain Works
2644:GERRY Mountain Sports
662:) on the base of the
625:German Alpine Journal
2809:Club Alpino Italiano
2794:Austrian Alpine Club
2784:American Alpine Club
972:Cambridge Dictionary
848:Traditional climbing
719:French free climbing
713:French free climbing
582:traditional climbing
65:traditional climbing
2804:Club Alpin Français
2178:Mountaineering boot
1791:Piolet d'Or winners
1038:National Geographic
906:climbing protection
852:climbing protection
667:Adolf Rott Ged.-Weg
559:climbing protection
91:Piolet d'Or winners
69:climbing protection
2824:German Alpine Club
942:Rope solo climbing
937:Free solo climbing
874:Free solo climbing
850:, where temporary
805:Free solo climbing
628:where he defined "
594:free solo climbing
555:climbing equipment
53:Sugar Cane Country
21:Free solo climbing
2960:Types of climbing
2947:
2946:
2887:
2886:
2839:Swiss Alpine Club
2592:
2591:
2547:Non-fiction films
2523:Planinski Vestnik
2516:Himalayan Journal
2454:
2453:
2216:
2215:
1845:Historical events
1816:Eight-thousanders
1769:
1768:
1623:
1622:
1381:How to Rock Climb
1130:978-94-6239-414-8
1045:on March 27, 2021
881:Misunderstandings
789:traditional climb
739:big wall climbing
717:The derived term
683:first free ascent
677:First free ascent
671:first free ascent
644:Saxon Switzerland
575:first free ascent
544:
543:
125:Eight-thousanders
115:Historical events
67:style (i.e. with
2967:
2935:
2934:
2923:
2922:
2911:
2910:
2899:
2757:
2756:
2709:Outdoor Research
2463:
2462:
1889:
1888:
1880:
1879:
1850:Grade milestones
1659:Expedition style
1494:
1493:
1485:
1484:
1467:
1460:
1453:
1444:
1443:
1422:
1403:The Mountaineers
1398:
1383:(6th ed.).
1363:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1343:
1324:
1323:
1321:
1319:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1295:
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1267:
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1262:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1229:. 2 October 2020
1219:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1202:Gripped Magazine
1193:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1122:
1098:
1089:
1088:
1086:
1084:
1065:Middendorf, John
1061:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1041:. Archived from
1028:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1011:
994:
988:
987:
982:
980:
963:
832:) is considered
815:
801:
784:
769:
707:climbing history
703:grade milestones
615:Mauerhakenstreit
536:
529:
522:
281:Expedition style
120:Grade milestones
49:
26:
25:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2883:
2848:
2748:
2614:Cascade Designs
2588:
2542:
2450:
2337:
2212:
2146:Abalakov thread
2127:
1871:
1765:
1694:
1619:
1588:
1572:Deep-water solo
1476:
1471:
1429:
1419:
1395:
1372:
1370:Further reading
1367:
1366:
1356:
1354:
1353:. 11 April 2021
1345:
1344:
1327:
1317:
1315:
1305:
1301:
1291:
1289:
1288:. 12 April 2021
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1099:
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1080:
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1058:
1048:
1046:
1029:
1022:
1009:
1007:
998:"Free climbing"
996:
995:
991:
978:
976:
967:"Free climbing"
965:
964:
960:
955:
933:
883:
825:
824:
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821:
816:
808:
807:
802:
793:
792:
791:
785:
777:
776:
770:
761:
760:
754:
743:alpine climbing
715:
679:
642:The Climber in
634:Rudolf Fehrmann
602:
540:
511:
449:
389:
311:
237:
221:Deep-water solo
136:
72:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2973:
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2962:
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2741:
2736:
2734:The North Face
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2664:Sierra Designs
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2639:Frostline Kits
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
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2540:
2533:
2530:Rock & Ice
2526:
2519:
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2505:
2498:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2474:Alpine Journal
2469:
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2460:
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2364:Climbing route
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2318:
2317:
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2309:Simul-climbing
2306:
2301:
2300:
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2282:
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2257:
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2250:Front pointing
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2193:
2188:
2186:Avalanche cord
2180:
2175:
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2169:
2168:
2158:
2153:
2151:Bottled oxygen
2148:
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2025:
2015:
2010:
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1842:
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1818:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1806:IFSC victories
1803:
1798:
1793:
1783:
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1771:
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1629:Mountaineering
1625:
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1428:
1427:External links
1425:
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1394:978-1493056262
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1176:PlanetMountain
1162:
1150:PlanetMountain
1136:
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1020:
989:
957:
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932:
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925:clean climbing
921:
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865:
858:Sport climbing
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630:artificial aid
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586:sport climbing
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244:mountaineering
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96:IFSC victories
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15:
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2853:International
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2753:Organizations
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2624:Early Winters
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2604:Black Diamond
2602:
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2569:The Dawn Wall
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2429:Bachar ladder
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2379:Climbing wall
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2354:Approach shoe
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1974:Climbing rope
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1855:First ascents
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1489:Rock climbing
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1385:Falcon Guides
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1005:
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947:Solo climbing
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891:solo climbing
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551:rock climbing
549:is a form of
548:
547:Free climbing
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430:Self rescuing
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143:rock climbing
140:
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32:
28:
27:
22:
2936:
2924:
2912:
2900:
2844:USA Climbing
2744:Wild Country
2739:Therm-a-Rest
2581:
2574:
2567:
2560:
2555:The Alpinist
2553:
2535:
2528:
2521:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2493:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2434:Campus board
2389:First ascent
2133:Ice and snow
1930:Belay device
1781:Alpine clubs
1741:Ropes course
1654:Alpine style
1544:
1436:
1406:
1380:
1355:. Retrieved
1350:
1316:. Retrieved
1312:
1302:
1290:. Retrieved
1285:
1259:. Retrieved
1253:
1243:
1231:. Retrieved
1226:
1217:
1205:. Retrieved
1201:
1191:
1179:. Retrieved
1175:
1165:
1153:. Retrieved
1149:
1139:
1110:
1106:
1081:. Retrieved
1072:
1059:
1047:. Retrieved
1043:the original
1036:
1015:
1008:. Retrieved
1001:
992:
984:
979:25 September
977:. Retrieved
970:
961:
922:
902:free soloing
884:
842:
834:aid climbing
826:
747:
718:
716:
680:
666:
653:
641:
637:
623:
614:
603:
579:
567:aid climbing
546:
545:
468:First ascent
370:Roof hacking
360:Rock hopping
276:Alpine style
193:
52:
2938:WikiProject
2774:Alpine Club
2769:Access Fund
2679:Lowe Alpine
2674:La Sportiva
2411:Fall factor
2304:Self-arrest
2280:Redpointing
2203:Snow anchor
1957:Boulder mat
1906:Daisy chain
1876:Terminology
1867:Terminology
1746:Rooftopping
1688:Hillwalking
1676:Dry-tooling
1642:Via ferrata
1555:Traditional
1533:Competition
1514:Multi-pitch
1497:Disciplines
1207:21 December
1181:21 December
1155:21 December
1083:21 December
1077:Sierra Club
1049:26 November
774:sport climb
687:guide books
656:Kurt Albert
610:Paul Preuss
418:Redpointing
394:Key actions
365:Rooftopping
316:Other types
305:Hillwalking
293:Dry-tooling
264:Via ferrata
204:Traditional
182:Competition
163:Multi-pitch
132:Terminology
71:equipment).
2562:El Capitan
2326:Traversing
2275:Onsighting
2255:Glissading
2238:DĂĽlfersitz
2233:Australian
2196:Transeiver
2141:Alpenstock
2074:Portaledge
2062:Copperhead
2001:Descenders
1935:Auto belay
1726:Commercial
1706:Buildering
1683:Scrambling
1593:Rock types
1584:Top roping
1521:Bouldering
1437:HardClimbs
1377:Long, John
1357:8 February
1318:9 February
1261:8 February
953:References
913:onsighting
868:Bouldering
819:Bouldering
787:Leading a
772:Leading a
729:routes or
723:quickdraws
699:redpointed
590:bouldering
445:Techniques
440:Traversing
345:Commercial
325:Buildering
300:Scrambling
233:Top roping
170:Bouldering
2714:Patagonia
2597:Companies
2583:Hard Grit
2576:Free Solo
2444:MoonBoard
2439:Hangboard
2425:Training
2374:Guidebook
2349:Ape index
2314:Rope team
2228:Abseiling
2173:Ice screw
2079:Quickdraw
1962:Carabiner
1884:Equipment
1862:Technique
1828:Equipment
1711:Canyoning
1649:Himalayan
1577:Rope solo
1567:Free solo
1233:1 January
1079:: 149–173
1010:2 October
735:A0-graded
664:aid climb
454:Key terms
403:Abseiling
330:Canyoning
271:Himalayan
242:Types of
226:Rope solo
216:Free solo
141:Types of
103:Equipment
59:, in the
2954:Category
2914:Category
2761:National
2659:JanSport
2634:Five Ten
2509:Desnivel
2502:Climbing
2481:Alpinist
2406:Exposure
2384:Chipping
2331:Tyrolean
2321:Spotting
2292:Crevasse
2270:Flashing
2260:Jumaring
2245:Belaying
2208:Snowshoe
2166:Ice tool
2156:Crampons
2006:Figure-8
1918:Ascender
1786:Climbers
1526:Highball
1509:Big wall
1474:Climbing
1405:(2018).
1313:Climbing
1255:Climbing
1067:(1999).
931:See also
917:flashing
660:redpoint
425:Jumaring
408:Belaying
175:Highball
158:Big wall
86:Climbers
61:Hebrides
39:Climbing
31:a series
29:Part of
2926:Commons
2880:(UIMLA)
2874:(UIAGM)
2265:Leading
2182:Rescue
2161:Ice axe
2111:Camalot
2045:Lanyard
2028:Skyhook
2013:Harness
1984:Dynamic
1967:Maillon
1940:Glasses
1821:Everest
1812:Deaths
1731:Parkour
1351:Climber
1292:5 March
1286:Climber
1227:Climber
895:belayer
695:flashed
691:onsight
600:History
413:Leading
350:Parkour
2902:Portal
2868:(UIAA)
2862:(IFSC)
2694:Millet
2684:Mammut
2649:Grivel
2619:Deuter
2537:Summit
2421:Guides
2416:Grades
2287:Rescue
2221:Action
2123:Tricam
2089:Grigri
2035:Hammer
1989:Static
1945:Gloves
1913:Anchor
1833:Brands
1637:Alpine
1439:(2023)
1415:
1391:
1127:
1073:Ascent
1006:. 2023
975:. 2023
727:bolted
463:Anchor
254:Alpine
2719:Petzl
2669:Kelty
2459:Media
2394:Pitch
2359:Clean
2342:Other
2191:RECCO
2118:Shoes
2106:SLCDs
2101:Sling
2069:Piton
2018:Hooks
1996:Chalk
1923:Croll
1901:Aider
1838:Knots
1774:Lists
1756:Slide
1721:Grass
1716:Crane
1699:Other
1671:Mixed
1600:Crack
1550:Sport
1538:Speed
1481:Types
862:bolts
830:bolts
752:Types
731:SCLDs
620:piton
618:(or "
563:route
505:Pitch
500:Guide
490:Route
485:Grade
380:Slide
340:Grass
335:Crane
259:Mixed
199:Sport
187:Speed
108:Knots
77:Lists
63:) in
57:E4 6a
2609:CAMP
2399:Topo
2369:Beta
2297:Self
2094:Revo
2084:SLDs
2023:Fifi
1979:Cord
1952:Bolt
1893:Rock
1761:Tree
1736:Pole
1615:Slab
1610:Roof
1605:Face
1562:Solo
1545:Free
1413:ISBN
1389:ISBN
1359:2023
1320:2023
1294:2023
1263:2023
1235:2022
1209:2022
1183:2022
1157:2022
1125:ISBN
1085:2022
1051:2022
1012:2023
981:2023
640:(or
592:and
557:for
495:Beta
478:FFFA
385:Tree
375:Rope
355:Pole
211:Solo
194:Free
2729:REI
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