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73:
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Thomas J. Westropp, for example, preferred to use the term peel tower, a name derived from a broadly similar medieval building series found in
Scotland and northern England. The term tower house only gained greater acceptance from the 1930s onwards, largely due to the work of Harold G. Leask came up
179:
They were built by both the Anglo-Irish and Gaelic Irish, with some constructed by
English and Scottish immigrants during successive conquests of Ireland between the 1570s and 1690s. Many were positioned within sight of each other and a system of visual communication is said to have been established
175:
who wished to build a castle within 10 years(Statute Rolls of the
Parliament of Ireland, Reign of Henry VI, pp 33–5). However recent studies have undermined the significance of this grant, demonstrating that there were many similar grants at different times and in different areas, and because many
154:
Irish archaeologist Tom Finan has stated that while the precise origins of the Irish tower house is "shady", he makes the case that "the Irish hall house is in fact the parent of the Irish tower house". Tadhg O'Keefe has stressed that there remain issues over the use of terms halls, 'hall-houses',
195:
The Irish tower house was used for both defensive and residential reasons, with many lordly dynasties building them on their demesne lands in order to assert status and provide a residence for the senior lineage of the family. Many had a defensive wall around the building, known as a
91:, and despite their characteristic compact footprint size, they are formidable habitations and there is no clear distinction between a castle and a tower house. In Scotland a classification system has been widely accepted based on ground plan, such as the
114:
are often compared to tower houses, having mural passages and a basebatter, (a thickening of the wall that slopes obliquely, intended to prevent the use of a battering ram) although the entrances to Brochs are far less ostentatious.
159:
preferred the term 'peel houses' for these type of fortified residences, the term 'tower house' became more widely used from the early 20th century, with the work and publications of architect and antiquarian Harold Graham Leask.
171:, although the introduction of cannons slowly rendered such defenses increasingly obsolete. It is possible many were built after King Henry VI of England introduced a building subsidy of £10 in 1429 to every man in
52:, until at least up to the 17th century. The remains of such structures are dotted around the Irish and Scottish countryside, with a particular concentration in the
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in County Kerry. It shows life inside the tower house, with men and women present; servants and the social elite; cooking and dancing; and children playing.
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is known to have had approximately two hundred and thirty tower houses in the 17th century, some of which were later surveyed by the Irish antiquarian
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408:
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and 'tower-houses' have become needlessly entangled and argues for a clearer understanding of the terms, and where they apply. While archaeologist
413:
349:
276:
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between the early 15th and 17th centuries, with over two thousand tower houses remaining extant. After 1500, many lords built
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between them, based on line of sight from the uppermost levels, although this may simply be a result of their high density.
258:
MacIntosh, J. Gordon (18 December 1937). "Muchalls Castle, The
Residence of Mr. J. Gordon Mackintosh".
296:"Hall Houses, Church, and State in Thirteenth Century Roscommon: The Origins of the Irish Tower House"
391:
233:
189:
156:
123:
260:
72:
330:"Concepts of 'castle'and the construction of identity in medieval and post-medieval Ireland"
44:. They were constructed in the wilder parts of Great Britain and Ireland, particularly in
8:
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64:. Some are still intact and even inhabited today, while others stand as ruined shells.
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Whether an evolution of an earlier form or otherwise, many tower houses were built in
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has several examples of this arrangement such as
Ballyshawnmore and Neigham.
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40:) appeared on the Islands of Ireland and Great Britain starting from the
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style, one example being the original layout (prior to enlargement) of
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Architecture in early modern
Scotland § Vernacular architecture
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295:
172:
107:
100:
45:
376:
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49:
88:
377:"Detecting privacy and private space in the Irish tower house"
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The Tower as Late
Medieval Lordly Residence, Shaun Tyas Press
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Hogan, C.Michael; Richardson, Sigvard; Graves, Peter (2004).
111:
223:
197:
131:
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with a figure of around 2,900 castles throughout
Ireland
277:"History of Muchalls Castle, Kincardineshire, Scotland"
350:"Frowning Ruins: The Tower Houses of Medieval Ireland"
274:
257:
381:
Château
Gaillard: Études de castellologie médiévale
25:
Distribution of tower houses in
Britain and Ireland
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176:were built in areas outside English control.
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279:. Aberdeen: Lumina Press. Archived from
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409:Tower houses in the Republic of Ireland
315:"Halls, 'hall-houses' and tower-houses"
16:Group of castles in Britain and Ireland
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374:
293:
146:A reconstruction cut-away drawing of
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13:
414:Tower houses in the United Kingdom
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14:
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106:The few surviving round Scottish
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87:Tower houses are often called
1:
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7:
356:. Vol. 4, no. 1.
211:
10:
430:
332:– via academia.edu.
317:– via academia.edu.
302:– via academia.edu.
375:Eadie, Gillian (2010),
348:Donnelly, Colm (1996).
328:O'Keefe, Tadhg (2001).
313:O'Keefe, Tadhg (2013).
234:Vernacular architecture
190:Thomas Johnson Westropp
157:Thomas Johnson Westropp
205:
151:
139:
84:
37:
26:
261:Country Life Magazine
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126:
75:
68:Scottish tower houses
24:
130:, a tower house and
294:Finan, Tom (2014).
264:. pp. 630–634.
229:Scottish Vernacular
56:where they include
239:Welsh Tower houses
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140:
119:Irish tower houses
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27:
283:on 28 March 2007.
128:Aughnanure Castle
48:, and throughout
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169:fortified houses
110:towers known as
54:Scottish Borders
42:High Middle Ages
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369:Further reading
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354:History Ireland
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182:County Kilkenny
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97:Muchalls Castle
77:Smailholm Tower
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192:in the 1890s.
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136:County Galway
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93:L-plan castle
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81:Roxburghshire
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62:bastle houses
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23:
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281:the original
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186:County Clare
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105:
86:
30:Tower houses
28:
18:
148:Ross Castle
58:peel towers
403:Categories
245:References
83:, Scotland
220:(section)
138:, Ireland
212:See also
173:the Pale
108:Iron Age
101:Scotland
46:Scotland
38:caisleán
387:: 69–75
165:Ireland
89:castles
50:Ireland
206:bábhún
112:brochs
202:Irish
34:Irish
224:Bawn
198:bawn
132:bawn
60:and
208:).
134:in
99:in
79:in
405::
385:24
383:,
379:,
352:.
338:^
298:.
204::
103:.
36::
200:(
32:(
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