479:
bank. The bank is 2 to 3 meters wide on the top and is approximately 2 meters above the bottom of the ditches. The entire length of this section is roughly 500 meters and the top of the bank is planted with hedgerow shrubs, indicating that the Pale Ditch subsequently served as a field boundary. Another section of the Pale Ditch lies in the Clay Farm
Ecopark, near the Ballyogan Road. This section is very different from the previous section, in that it does not consist of a double ditch and bank. Rather, the builders made use of an existing shallow escarpment, steepening the slope to create a 2 meter high barrier to movement from north to south. The purpose of this was probably to make it hard for Irish raiders to herd stolen cattle from the Pale to the Wicklow mountains to the south. That this feature was part of the Pale Ditch was originally proposed by Rob Goodbody in the 1990s, and recently confirmed by archaeology during the building of the Clay Farm housing development. Both the sections described above are part of a single linear earthwork, designed to connect
463:
thorn on the outer side. It was constructed, not so much to keep out the Irish, as to form an obstacle in their way in their raids on the cattle of the settlers, and thus give time for a rescue. The Pale began at Dalkey, and followed a southwesterly direction towards
Kilternan; then turning northwards passed Kilgobbin, where a castle still stands, and crossed the Parish of Taney to the south of that part of the lands of Balally now called Moreen, and thence in a westerly direction to Tallaght, and on to Naas in the County of Kildare. In the wall bounding Moreen is still to be seen a small watch-tower and the remains of a guard-house adjoining it. From this point a beacon-fire would raise the alarm as far as Tallaght, where an important castle stood. A portion of the Pale is still to be seen in Kildare between Clane and Clongowes Wood College at Sallins.
260:
471:
351:
33:
153:, as something outside the boundaryâi.e., uncivilised, derives from this specific Irish meaning. Also derived from the "boundary" concept was the idea of a pale as an area within which local laws were valid. The term was used not only for the Pale in Ireland but also for various other English overseas settlements, notably
625:, "Pale": "The theory that the origin of the phrase relates to any of several specific regions, such as the area of Ireland formerly called the Pale (see sense 4b) or the Pale of Settlement in Russia (see sense 4c), is not supported by the early historical evidence and is likely to be a later rationalization."
487:
castles, fortifications built by the Walsh Family during the medieval period to defend the southern marches of the Pale. Another, slightly less well-preserved section of the Pale Ditch can be seen at
Kilcross Crescent within the Kilcross housing estate near Sandyford village. This section consists of
193:
increasingly assimilated into Irish culture after 1300. They made alliances with neighbouring autonomous Gaelic lords. In the long periods when there was no large royal army in
Ireland, the Norman lords, like their Gaelic neighbours in the provinces, acted essentially as independent rulers in their
478:
Portions of the Pale Ditch can still be seen in the
Sandyford/Kilgobbin/Ballyogan areas of South Dublin. The most well-preserved section can be visited and lies just south of the Ballyogan Road within the Ballyogan Recycling Park. It consists of pair of ditches on either side of a high flat-topped
462:
In the period immediately after the Norman
Settlement was constructed the barrier, known as the "Pale," separating the lands occupied by the settlers from those remaining in the hands of the Irish. This barrier consisted of a ditch, raised some ten or twelve feet from the ground, with a hedge of
251:
took a greater interest in Irish affairs from 1485 and moved it back to Dublin. The Pale generally consisted of fertile lowlands which were easier for the garrison to defend from ambush than hilly or wooded ground. For reasons of trade and administration, a version of
English became the official
298:
had reestablished itself in regions conquered by the Anglo-Normans: "even in the Pale, all the common folk ... for the most part are of Irish birth, Irish habit and of Irish language". At a higher social level, there was extensive intermarriage between the Gaelic Irish aristocracy and
302:
By the late 15th century, the Pale became the only part of
Ireland that remained subject to the English king, with most of the island paying only token recognition of the overlordship of the English crown. The tax base shrank to a fraction of what it had been in 1300. A proverb quoted by
467:
Within the confines of the Pale, the leading gentry and merchants lived lives not too different from those of their counterparts in
England, save for the constant fear of attack from the Gaelic Irish.
291:
nature of the
Lordship. The Act was never implemented successfully, even in the Pale itself. This inability to enforce the statute indicated that Ireland was withdrawing from English cultural norms.
315:
ruled as lords deputy from 1470 (with more or less success), aided by alliances with the Gaelic lords. This lasted until the 1520s, when the earls passed out of royal favour, but the
825:
Fanning, Bryan; Veale, Angela; O'Connor, Dawn (July 2001). Beyond the Pale: asylum-seeking children and social exclusion in Ireland (Report). Dublin: Irish Refugee Council.
592:
648:
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The idea of the Pale was inseparable from the notion of a separate Anglo-Irish polity and culture. After the 17th century and especially after the
173:
The Pale was a strip of land that stretched north from Dalkey in Dublin to Dundalk in Louth; it became the base of English rule in Ireland. The
906:
548:
and nearby counties, generally criticallyâfor example, a government department may be criticised for concentrating its resources on the Pale.
520:, though by that time many of them also spoke Irish. Several of these men were notable contributors to literature in Irish, including
706:
Canning, Ruth A. (2016). "Profits and Patriotism: Nicholas Weston, Old English Merchants, and Ireland's Nine Years' War, 1594â1603".
508:" settlers were gradually assimilated into the Irish population. This was in large part due to their relative reluctance to give up
135:, meaning "stake", specifically a stake used to support a fence. A paling fence is made of pales ganged side by side, and the word
320:
800:
316:
890:
382:, leaving out half of Meath, most of Kildare, and southwest County Dublin. Border or garrison towns of the pale included
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and adopting Irish modes of dress or other customs, as such practices were already common. The adoption of Gaelic
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In 1366, so that the English Crown could assert its authority over the settlers, a parliament was assembled in
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between English settlers and Irish natives was forbidden. It also forbade the settlers from using the
79:. It had been reduced by the late 15th century to an area along the east coast stretching north from
488:
a bank approximately 200 metres long, although the associated ditches are no longer clearly visible.
480:
324:
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have English or Norman-French names, the latter associated with Anglo-Norman influence in England.
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878:
327:, in which Dublin and the surviving Pale were used as the crown's main military base. A book
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controlled by the English king shrank accordingly, and as parts of its perimeter in counties
24:
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276:
8:
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451:
391:
272:
198:
178:
108:
879:"Migration and Identity in Early Modern Ireland: the New English and the Pale community"
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is derived from the same root. From this came the figurative meaning of "boundary". The
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562:
529:
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20:
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Jefferies, Henry A. (January 2001). "The Early Tudor Reformations in the Irish Pale".
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language. Its closest modern derivative is said to be the accent used by natives of
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occupation in Ireland at first faltered, then waned. Across most of Ireland, the
162:
157:. The term was also used to refer to specific regions in other nations: the term
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A Perambulation of Leinster, Meath, and Louth, of which consist the English Pale
916:
759:
379:
295:
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186:
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44:
861:
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The parish of Taney: a history of Dundrum, near Dublin, and its neighbourhood
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545:
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The Parish of Taney: A History of Dundrum, near Dublin, and Its Neighbourhood
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635:
442:. The northern frontier of the Pale was marked by the De Verdon fortress of
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19:
This article refers to a Pale in Ireland. It is not to be confused with the
443:
371:
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308:
202:
678:
Illustrations of Irish history and topography, mainly of the 17th century
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727:
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The term continues to be used in contemporary Irish speech to refer to
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220:
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were fenced or ditched, it became known as the Pale, deriving from the
839:
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and its surrounding area, the population of which was mainly made of
231:. The military power of the crown itself was greatly weakened by the
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244:
137:
112:
446:, while the southern border lay slightly south of the present day
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32:
407:
383:
224:
210:
16:
Part of Ireland controlled by England in the Late Middle Ages
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directly under the control of the English government in the
411:
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and rampart built around parts of the medieval counties of
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Anglo-Norman lords, beginning not long after the invasion.
92:
622:
323:
in 1534â35 served in the following decades to hasten the
319:
was reinstated in the 1530s. The brief revolt by his son
181:
and brought Ireland under the theoretical control of the
824:
532:, 6th Baron Delvin, wrote an Irish-language primer for
185:
Kings of England. From the 13th century onwards, the
65:
57:
649:"Culture & Religion in Tudor Ireland, 1494â1558"
147:
is dubious about the popular notion that the phrase
23:. For other uses of "pale" or "Pale" as a noun, see
127:, meaning a fence, is derived from the Latin word
923:
881:. In Ellis, Steven G.; KlusĂĄkovĂĄ, Lud'a (eds.).
641:
516:were rewarded with a higher status). They kept
450:in Dublin, which crosses the site of what was
362:The Pale boundary essentially consisted of a
748:
287:property law, in particular, undermined the
223:, a fence. Parts can still be seen west of
214:
883:Imagining Frontiers, Contesting Identities
670:
668:
847:
838:
776:
674:
638:, English: Etymology 2.6. on Wiktionary.
469:
349:
258:
31:
705:
665:
611:Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary
342:merchants who were loyal to the crown.
263:The Pale â According to Statute of 1488
161:was applied to the area in the west of
924:
307:said that "whoso lives by west of the
275:was enacted. The statute decreed that
907:A map of the Pale (late 15th century)
876:
850:The Journal of Ecclesiastical History
518:their version of the English language
331:(1596) expressed contemporary usage.
165:where Jews were permitted to reside.
593:"Northern Ireland â A Short History"
454:. The following description is from
885:. Edizioni Plus. pp. 243â262.
13:
818:
14:
958:
917:World Wide Words: Beyond the pale
900:
803:from the original on 5 March 2023
708:Irish Economic and Social History
177:, beginning in 1169, created the
675:Falkiner, Caesar Litton (1904).
345:
785:
613:. MICRA, Inc. 22 December 2009.
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311:, lives west of the law." The
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742:
699:
628:
616:
603:
585:
474:The Pale Ditch in South Dublin
243:was created, often sitting at
227:on the grounds of what is now
91:. The inland boundary went to
1:
579:
512:(those who worshipped in the
752:; Hamilton, Everard (1895).
118:
7:
551:
10:
963:
781:. Dublin: Pale Publishing.
779:On the borders of the pale
358:marks the end of the Pale.
296:Irish culture and language
175:Norman invasion of Ireland
168:
87:, to the garrison town of
18:
912:Origin of the word 'pale'
862:10.1017/S0022046900005911
831:10.13140/RG.2.1.4018.6404
683:Longmans, Green, & Co
334:The Pale was composed of
325:Tudor conquest of Ireland
294:By the Tudor period, the
144:Oxford English Dictionary
111:. In this district, many
932:History of County Dublin
720:10.1177/0332489316666600
937:History of County Meath
654:University College Cork
36:The Pale (grey) in 1450
877:Power, Gerald (2007).
777:Goodbody, Rob (1993).
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475:
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359:
264:
229:Clongowes Wood College
215:
129:
66:
58:
37:
595:. BBC. Archived from
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353:
262:
241:Parliament of Ireland
235:(1337â1453), and the
35:
599:on 10 November 2012.
502:Plantation of Ulster
498:Anglican Reformation
942:Lordship of Ireland
558:Greater Dublin Area
452:Carrickmines Castle
354:Modern plaque near
273:Statute of Kilkenny
179:Lordship of Ireland
947:Settlement schemes
750:Ball, F. Erlington
575:in Imperial Russia
573:Pale of Settlement
563:History of Ireland
530:Christopher Nugent
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360:
265:
159:Pale of Settlement
107:and north towards
101:Earldom of Kildare
71:) was the part of
59:An PhĂĄil Shasanach
38:
21:Pale of Settlement
892:978-88-8492-466-7
661:on 16 April 2008.
568:Kingdom of Dublin
514:Church of Ireland
510:Roman Catholicism
420:Ballymore Eustace
356:Ballymore Eustace
237:Wars of the Roses
233:Hundred Years War
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321:"Silken Thomas"
305:Sir John Davies
239:(1455â85). The
221:synecdochically
219:, a stake, or,
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163:Imperial Russia
150:beyond the pale
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506:Old English
340:Old English
194:own areas.
183:Plantagenet
99:around the
83:, south of
926:Categories
840:10468/3714
758:. Dublin:
681:. London:
580:References
416:Harristown
247:until the
103:, towards
870:162810438
736:157626208
609:"palus."
481:Kilgobbin
123:The word
119:Etymology
113:townlands
801:Archived
799:. 2018.
728:26375947
552:See also
500:and the
458:(1895):
436:Tallaght
424:Rathmore
317:9th earl
271:and the
269:Kilkenny
245:Drogheda
199:Lordship
138:palisade
49:An PhĂĄil
41:The Pale
504:, the "
432:Saggart
428:Kilteel
404:Kilcock
380:Kildare
207:Kildare
191:Normans
169:History
97:Leixlip
89:Dundalk
73:Ireland
889:
868:
807:10 May
734:
726:
689:
636:'pale'
440:Dalkey
396:Athboy
388:Siddan
376:Dublin
336:Dublin
309:Barrow
289:feudal
285:Brehon
254:Fingal
249:Tudors
85:Dublin
81:Dalkey
866:S2CID
732:S2CID
724:JSTOR
408:Clane
392:Kells
384:Ardee
372:Meath
368:Louth
225:Clane
216:palus
213:word
211:Latin
203:Meath
131:pÄlus
109:Kells
51:) or
45:Irish
887:ISBN
809:2023
687:ISBN
634:See
524:and
483:and
438:and
412:Naas
400:Trim
378:and
205:and
197:The
125:pale
105:Trim
95:and
93:Naas
25:Pale
858:doi
835:hdl
827:doi
716:doi
623:OED
492:End
63:or
928::
864:.
854:52
852:.
833:.
795:.
730:.
722:.
712:43
710:.
667:^
651:.
536:.
528:.
434:,
430:,
426:,
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418:,
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370:,
256:.
47::
895:.
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843:.
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811:.
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718::
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55:(
43:(
27:.
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