168:
259:
2307:
66:
25:
251:
287:. As building techniques improved, it became possible to construct a larger building footprint and a more complex shape than the simple blockhouse tower. A more compelling motivation for the L plan was the ability to defend the entrance door by providing covering fire from the adjacent walls. This stratagem was particularly driven by the advent of cannon used by attackers.
294:
in
Scotland are over 14 feet thick at the ground level. Built in the 13th century, these walls are thought to have supported a substantial defensive tower. A 17th-century reconstruction consisted of a probably equally tall structure, but one suited toward 17th century living and whose upper storey
282:
in the shape of an L, typically built from the 13th to the 17th century. This design is found quite frequently in
Scotland, but is also seen in England, Ireland, Romania, Sardinia, and other locations. The evolution of its design was an expansion of the blockhouse or simple square tower from the
341:. Each of these towers, as well as a third structure destroyed by English and Spanish naval power, is an L-plan design. The structures date from the year 1300 and are each 30 metres in height. The towers served as important lookouts over the sea and toward the island interior.
1701:
290:
It was common for the union of the two wings to have very thick wall construction to support a major defensive tower in the union area. For example, the stone walls of
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a partially ruined castle perched on a cliff by the North Sea near
Stonehaven;
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built as a 15th-century towerhouse near
Dalkeith in the Lothian region;
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1941:
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1137:
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1235:
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1019:
811:
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749:
333:, Sardinia are two surviving structures known as the
90:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2324:
189:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
664:
1226:
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990:
836:
371:, Six Volumes, Oliver and Boyd, (1962 to 1971)
368:The History of the Fortified House in Scotland
298:Other examples of Scottish L-plan castles are
1881:
1611:
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1416:
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1024:
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318:constructed in the 16th century in Fife; and
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619:
314:, a 14th-century castle in Inverness-shire;
302:built in the late 16th century in Ayrshire;
651:
633:
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474:
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456:
447:
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
415:
401:
238:Learn how and when to remove this message
220:Learn how and when to remove this message
150:Learn how and when to remove this message
16:Castle or towerhouse in the shape of an L
257:
249:
377:, Martin Coventry, 2nd edition (1997),
2325:
295:footprints mimicked the lower course.
396:
161:
88:adding citations to reliable sources
59:
18:
1807:Weapons Storage and Security System
13:
422:
326:in the 13th century near Peebles.
14:
2354:
388:
34:This article has multiple issues.
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64:
23:
75:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
1:
1702:British "hedgehog" road block
356:
7:
2112:Cities with defensive walls
1697:Defensive fighting position
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1417:
1227:
1173:
1034:
1025:
991:
982:
837:
344:
10:
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2296:
2226:
2150:
2094:
2028:
1914:
1819:
1742:Hardened aircraft shelter
1717:Entry control point (ECP)
1629:
1540:
1256:
1249:
681:
430:
254:Muchalls Castle, Scotland
2239:Continuity of government
175:This article includes a
2061:Motte-and-bailey castle
1767:Missile launch facility
1762:Main line of resistance
457:
375:The Castles of Scotland
204:more precise citations.
2137:Military installations
2001:
1982:
1973:
1964:
1882:
1553:
1528:
1504:
1494:Scarp and Counterscarp
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1069:
1050:
968:
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908:
864:
855:
846:
783:
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760:
706:
665:
652:
643:
634:
620:
580:
566:
502:
493:
484:
475:
466:
448:
339:Torre di San Pancrazio
267:
255:
1906:Floating water castle
1637:Admiralty scaffolding
930:Fortified buildings (
261:
253:
2249:Subterranean warfare
1202:Viking ring fortress
84:improve this article
2343:Early modern period
2066:Quadrangular castle
1802:Weapon storage area
1158:Quadrangular castle
335:Torre dell'Elefante
1797:Underground hangar
1582:Fire control tower
1379:Gunpowder magazine
807:Butter-churn tower
268:
262:Gleninagh Castle,
256:
177:list of references
2320:
2319:
2244:Military urbanism
2178:Fortified gateway
2051:Concentric castle
1815:
1814:
1732:Fire support base
1572:Coastal artillery
1447:(Spanish America)
1041:
883:Concentric castle
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152:
134:
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2350:
2333:Late Middle Ages
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2193:National redoubt
2122:Fortified estate
2046:Circular rampart
2006:
1987:
1978:
1969:
1887:
1647:Anti-tank trench
1642:Air raid shelter
1617:
1577:Disappearing gun
1558:
1533:
1509:
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1461:
1446:
1422:
1413:
1399:
1370:
1341:
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1308:
1269:
1254:
1253:
1232:
1212:Bailey (or ward)
1178:
1083:Motte-and-bailey
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1039:
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987:
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511:Circular rampart
507:
498:
489:
480:
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462:
453:
417:
410:
403:
394:
393:
308:Dunnottar Castle
304:Dalhousie Castle
243:
236:
225:
218:
214:
211:
205:
200:this article by
191:inline citations
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2338:Castles by type
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2292:
2222:
2146:
2090:
2024:
1959:Imperial castle
1932:Coercion castle
1927:Coastal defence
1910:
1872:Promontory fort
1842:Hillside castle
1811:
1727:Fallout shelter
1692:Concertina wire
1672:Border security
1625:
1536:
1245:
878:Coercion castle
866:Cheval de frise
848:Chemin de ronde
696:Albarrana tower
677:
622:Schwedenschanze
599:Promontory fort
426:
421:
391:
359:
347:
320:Neidpath Castle
312:Erchless Castle
292:Muchalls Castle
244:
233:
232:
231:
226:
215:
209:
206:
195:
181:related reading
171:
167:
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145:
139:
136:
99:"L-plan castle"
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91:
81:
69:
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24:
17:
12:
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2290:
2289:
2288:
2278:
2276:Trench warfare
2273:
2271:Tunnel warfare
2268:
2267:
2266:
2256:
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2165:
2160:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2127:Fortifications
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2098:
2096:
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2091:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
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2048:
2043:
2038:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1979:
1970:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1944:
1939:
1937:Counter-castle
1934:
1929:
1924:
1922:Border barrier
1918:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1857:Lowland castle
1854:
1849:
1847:Hilltop castle
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1816:
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1809:
1804:
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1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1722:Electric fence
1719:
1714:
1712:Dragon's teeth
1709:
1707:Czech hedgehog
1704:
1699:
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1621:Wire obstacles
1618:
1609:
1607:Polygonal fort
1604:
1599:
1597:Martello tower
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1562:Border outpost
1559:
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1510:
1501:
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1471:
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1453:
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1438:
1436:Polygonal fort
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988:
979:
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955:
948:
943:
928:
926:Flanking tower
923:
914:
905:
900:
895:
893:Counter-castle
890:
885:
880:
875:
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861:
852:
843:
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829:
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804:
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752:
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732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
703:
698:
693:
687:
685:
683:Post-classical
679:
678:
676:
675:
673:Vitrified fort
670:
658:
649:
640:
631:
626:
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572:
563:
558:
553:
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531:Defensive wall
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490:
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463:
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424:Fortifications
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405:
397:
390:
389:External links
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386:
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363:Tranter, Nigel
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355:
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300:Culzean Castle
246:
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210:September 2022
185:external links
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2287:
2284:
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2281:Urban warfare
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2255:
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2250:
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2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2234:Civil defense
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2229:
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2216:
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2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2102:Bastion forts
2100:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2087:
2086:Z-plan castle
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2056:L-plan castle
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2041:Bridge castle
2039:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2010:Refuge castle
2008:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1991:Military base
1989:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1954:Hunting lodge
1952:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
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1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
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1913:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
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1894:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1867:Moated castle
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1852:Island castle
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1820:By topography
1818:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1792:Submarine pen
1790:
1788:
1785:
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1768:
1765:
1763:
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1747:Hesco bastion
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1680:
1678:
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1665:
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1662:Blast shelter
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1468:
1463:
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101: –
100:
96:
95:Find sources:
89:
85:
79:
78:
73:This article
71:
67:
62:
61:
56:
54:
47:
46:
41:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
2304:
2259:Siege engine
2227:Other topics
2151:Related word
2117:Defense line
2081:Tower castle
2055:
2036:Bastion fort
2020:Urban castle
1948:Ganerbenburg
1946:
1901:Water castle
1877:Ridge castle
1862:Marsh castle
1677:Bomb shelter
1657:Belgian gate
1630:20th century
1541:19th century
1479:Retrenchment
1451:Punji sticks
1360:Entrenchment
1355:Device Forts
1322:Counterguard
1257:Early modern
1187:Tower castle
1123:Powder tower
1098:Outer bailey
1058:
1010:Inner bailey
984:Gulyay-gorod
952:Ganerbenburg
950:
946:Fujian tulou
888:Corner tower
827:Chamber gate
797:Bridge tower
645:Trou de loup
374:
366:
328:
297:
289:
271:
269:
264:County Clare
234:
216:
207:
196:Please help
188:
146:
137:
127:
120:
113:
106:
94:
82:Please help
77:verification
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
2158:Castle town
2015:Toll castle
1984:Lustschloss
1966:Kaiserpfalz
1896:Spur castle
1891:Rock castle
1832:Hill castle
1827:Cave castle
1787:Spider hole
1687:Bremer wall
1652:Barbed tape
1548:Barbed wire
1222:Witch tower
1192:Tower house
1182:Toll castle
1168:Shield wall
1088:Murder hole
977:Guard tower
594:Pincer gate
541:Faussebraye
324:Clan Fraser
285:Middle Ages
280:tower house
202:introducing
140:August 2021
2327:Categories
2183:Gatekeeper
2003:Ordensburg
1975:Landesburg
1782:Sentry gun
1737:Flak tower
1667:Blast wall
1587:Gun turret
1484:Sally port
1389:Kotta mara
1329:Couvreface
1293:Breastwork
1288:Blockhouse
1266:Abwurfdach
1217:Watchtower
1207:Wall tower
1163:Shell keep
1113:Portcullis
1108:Peel tower
1093:Neck ditch
1052:Landesburg
1000:Half tower
958:Gate tower
903:Drawbridge
745:Battlement
661:Wagon fort
504:Chengqiang
383:1899874100
357:References
110:newspapers
39:improve it
2286:Guerrilla
2029:By design
1777:Revetment
1592:Land mine
1523:Star fort
1350:Crownwork
1345:Covertway
1278:Barricade
919:Embrasure
832:Chartaque
762:Bergfried
720:Arrowslit
546:Gatehouse
516:City gate
477:Castellum
443:Acropolis
322:built by
266:, Ireland
45:talk page
2311:Category
2301:See also
2188:Loophole
2076:Ringwork
2071:Ringfort
1996:Obstacle
1837:Hillfort
1757:Loophole
1555:Barbette
1530:Tenaille
1513:Sea fort
1443:Presidio
1403:Magazine
1384:Hornwork
1317:Cavalier
1312:Casemate
1305:Caponier
1148:Ringwork
1036:Detinets
1005:Hoarding
910:Enceinte
785:Bretèche
730:Bartizan
725:Barbican
701:Alcazaba
629:Stockade
609:Ringfort
589:Palisade
561:Landwehr
556:Hillfort
345:See also
331:Cagliari
2218:Vedette
2208:Schloss
2173:Festung
2168:Dungeon
2163:Château
2107:Castles
1915:By role
1772:Pillbox
1602:Outpost
1518:Station
1506:Schanze
1489:Sandbag
1474:Redoubt
1458:Ravelin
1426:Palanka
1410:Orillon
1396:Lunette
1338:Coupure
1283:Bastion
1273:Arsenal
1241:Zwinger
1153:Roundel
1143:Ricetto
1118:Postern
1103:Outwork
1027:Kremlin
898:Curtain
873:Citadel
857:Chemise
817:Caltrop
735:Bastion
708:Alcázar
604:Rampart
582:Oppidum
575:Nuraghe
521:Crannog
495:Castros
431:Ancient
198:improve
124:scholar
2213:Trench
2203:Picket
1614:Sangar
1567:Bunker
1499:Sconce
1419:Ostrog
1367:Flèche
1250:Modern
1229:Yagura
1197:Turret
1133:Reduit
1071:Merlon
1015:Kasbah
993:Gusuku
970:Glacis
963:Gabion
932:church
839:Chashi
822:Castle
666:Laager
654:Vallum
611:(Rath)
486:Castra
468:Burgus
438:Abatis
381:
283:Early
276:castle
126:
119:
112:
105:
97:
2254:Siege
2198:Palas
2142:Walls
2132:Forts
2095:Lists
1942:Fence
1884:Rocca
1752:Kabal
1467:Redan
1374:Gorge
1298:Canal
1175:Shiro
1138:Ribat
1128:Qalat
940:Dzong
936:house
636:Sudis
568:Limes
526:Ditch
459:Broch
450:Agger
274:is a
183:, or
131:JSTOR
117:books
2264:list
1682:Buoy
1236:Yett
1078:Moat
1045:Ksar
1020:Keep
812:Caer
802:Burh
778:Boom
771:Berm
750:Bawn
715:Amba
551:Gord
379:ISBN
337:and
103:news
536:Dun
329:In
278:or
270:An
86:by
2329::
2303::
938:,
934:,
365:,
187:,
179:,
48:.
1040:)
1032:(
942:)
669:)
663:(
416:e
409:t
402:v
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235:(
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217:(
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194:.
153:)
147:(
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138:(
128:·
121:·
114:·
107:·
80:.
55:)
51:(
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