464:
338:
36:
450:
270:
479:
376:
147:
2929:
319:
1000:
93:
398:
erected fortified tower houses in the Middle Ages, locally known as "vassal castles", as a means of exercising control over the conquered areas. These tower houses were typically not intended to be used in any major military actions. For this purpose, the crusaders relied on a number of larger
594:
overhang. Other accounts date this ruin somewhat earlier. The towers of the ancient Pueblo people are both of smaller ground plan than Old World tower houses, and are generally only parts of complexes housing communities, rather than isolated structures housing an individual family and their
314:
Large numbers of tower houses can be found across
Portugal, particularly in the north of the country. By the 15th century they had lost their military or residential uses, and were often either expanded into larger manors or converted into hunting lodges for the aristocracy.
237:
was the typical residence of the wealthy, with others being built by the government. In 17th century
Scotland these castles became the pleasure retreats of the upper classes. While able to adopt a military nature, they were furnished for comfort and social interaction.
690:
Grube-Mitchell 1978, p. 204: "a distinctive form of defensive tower-dwelling, the kula, developed among both the
Christian and the Muslim communities during the insecure period of the decline of the Ottoman authority in the 17th century
582:, United States. There is a prominent structure at that site which is called the "tower house" and has the general appearance characteristics of its counterparts in Britain and Ireland. This four-story building was constructed of
563:. Although they were built mainly as protection against forays by bandits, many of them also served as living quarters. Some of them were built by a single family, some by several families together or by entire village communities.
261:
from 1379 to 1456, the upper floors (with defensive capacity) of most of them were demolished. Few have survived unscathed to the present day. Since then they have been used only as residences by their traditional noble owners
490:
One theory suggests that private tower-like structures proliferate in areas where central authority is weak, leading to a need for a status symbol incorporating private defences against small-scale attacks. For example, the
700:
Greville Pounds 1994, p. 335: "In southeastern Europe, where the extended family was exemplified as nowhere else in the western world, the home itself was often protected, giving rise to the kula or tower-
549:, some 50 metres high with as many as 13 star-like points, and the oldest are thought to be 1,200 years old. They appear to have been created as much for prestige among village families as for defence.
2323:
257:. Due to complex legal charters, few had boroughs attached to them, thus they are usually found standing alone in some strategic spot like a crossroad, rather than on a height. During
249:, some of them dating to the 8th century. They were mainly used as noble residences and were able to provide shelter against enemies, starting with the Muslims and later
190:
families as power centres during times of internal strife. Most north
Italian cities had a number of these by the end of the Middle Ages, but few now remain, notably
495:
was a country where fierce competition over limited natural resources led to chronic feuding between neighbours. There are numerous examples of tower houses in
879:
116:, especially in mountainous or limited access areas, to command and defend strategic points with reduced forces. At the same time, they were also used as an
859:
836:
611:
869:
864:
616:
1036:
112:
is a particular type of stone structure, built for defensive purposes as well as habitation. Tower houses began to appear in the
2139:
874:
246:
2733:
2428:
829:
133:
809:
2959:
2548:
2333:
980:
786:
758:
632:
178:, tower houses were also built in other parts of western Europe, especially in parts of France and Italy. In Italian
79:
57:
50:
2758:
930:
884:
463:
965:
822:
187:
1981:
1519:
1029:
19:
This article is about stone structures in general. For the house designed by
William Burges in London, see
778:
Architecture of the
Islamic world: its history and social meaning, with a complete survey of key monuments
649:
2318:
1399:
408:
379:
357:
141:
1914:
520:
467:
428:
2363:
945:
726:
Johnson
Westropp, Thomas (1899). "Notes on the Lesser Castles or 'Peel Towers' of the County Clare".
1988:
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1938:
985:
845:
572:
263:
44:
710:
2907:
2682:
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2383:
2303:
2100:
2047:
2017:
1774:
1704:
1648:
1225:
1022:
337:
372:
authority and insecurity. The tower house served the purpose of protecting the extended family.
2932:
2748:
2338:
2235:
2120:
1304:
507:, where a clan-like social structure survived well into the 20th century. Numerous examples of
61:
748:
2954:
2885:
2723:
2505:
2258:
1995:
1818:
1147:
950:
24:
776:
2870:
2398:
2024:
1823:
1789:
1189:
1071:
8:
2687:
2423:
1779:
1157:
955:
900:
575:
342:
191:
2809:
2418:
2393:
2378:
2373:
2223:
2203:
2000:
1561:
1428:
1172:
735:
254:
137:
2865:
2824:
2799:
2672:
2353:
2193:
2040:
1626:
1504:
1182:
1125:
782:
754:
628:
449:
395:
250:
222:
101:
269:
2839:
2814:
2743:
2667:
2268:
2263:
2198:
1749:
1553:
1132:
920:
538:
444:
391:
258:
230:
179:
175:
97:
2728:
2580:
2553:
2493:
2463:
2348:
2313:
2293:
2278:
1833:
1828:
1796:
1557:
1499:
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1469:
1336:
1317:
1243:
1220:
1004:
925:
299:
279:
266:
was born in one of them, which stands to this day) or converted into farmhouses.
199:
20:
2897:
2892:
2558:
2543:
2478:
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2343:
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2057:
1850:
1547:
1514:
1478:
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1152:
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492:
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369:
186:
with a very tall tower were increasingly built by the local highly competitive
2948:
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2855:
2763:
2753:
2707:
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2413:
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2283:
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2052:
1685:
1680:
1413:
1376:
1361:
1312:
1257:
1236:
1045:
436:
404:
403:. A number of such tower houses still exist, well-preserved examples include
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226:
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2702:
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2569:
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2298:
2115:
1976:
1943:
1808:
1744:
1719:
1631:
1605:
1573:
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1509:
1448:
1418:
1266:
905:
814:
365:
2779:
2636:
2605:
2587:
2575:
2517:
2512:
2453:
2448:
2408:
2308:
2273:
2169:
2072:
1843:
1803:
1709:
1598:
1215:
1162:
935:
677:'For friendship and conversation': Martial Scotland's Domestic Castles".
571:
Most notable in the New World might be considered a focal element of the
556:
508:
432:
361:
218:
146:
121:
113:
1406:
750:
The
Culture of the English People: Iron Age to the Industrial Revolution
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2010:
1950:
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1579:
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117:
2784:
1329:
318:
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2144:
1971:
1966:
1899:
1540:
1453:
1383:
1341:
1167:
1137:
1098:
1064:
637:
Castles: a short history of fortification from 1600 B.C. to A.D. 1600
512:
287:
217:
Scotland has many fine examples of medieval tower houses, including
16:
Type of stone structure, built for defensive and habitation purposes
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2458:
2176:
2151:
2134:
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2005:
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579:
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291:
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2127:
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2031:
1959:
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1739:
1724:
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1356:
1203:
1196:
1142:
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560:
552:
546:
516:
457:
453:
416:
364:. They became very widespread in the 17th century, built by both
327:
242:
241:
Tower houses are commonly found in northern Spain, especially in
211:
195:
171:
155:
440:
92:
2834:
2188:
1754:
1692:
1636:
1614:
1591:
1584:
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1275:
1107:
1089:
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531:
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346:
774:
2875:
2819:
2563:
2088:
1919:
1759:
1080:
915:
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587:
583:
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295:
203:
167:
163:
746:
1857:
1699:
1666:
1641:
1433:
1423:
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1371:
412:
307:
274:
162:
After their initial appearance in
Ireland, Scotland, the
586:
bricks circa 1350 AD, and its rather well-preserved
23:. For the Grade II-listed building in Brighton, see
302:, medieval tower houses are in the origin of many
233:along the border between England and Scotland the
294:similar tower houses are found. Furthest west in
206:and fourteen secular towers in the small city of
2946:
725:
1286:
1848:
1794:
1612:
1458:
810:Cutaway drawing of Urquhart Castle tower house
2503:
2233:
2062:
2038:
1655:
1646:
1603:
1327:
1123:
1114:
1030:
830:
2622:
2603:
2594:
2585:
2174:
2149:
2125:
2086:
2077:
2029:
2015:
1986:
1957:
1948:
1924:
1885:
1690:
1671:
1589:
1538:
1529:
1485:
1476:
1467:
1404:
1390:
1381:
1264:
1241:
844:
747:Greville Pounds, Norman John (27 May 1994).
1273:
1255:
1201:
1187:
1105:
1096:
1087:
1078:
1069:
311:, noble residences as well as strongholds.
1037:
1023:
837:
823:
334:, reminiscent of those in San Gimignano.
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
477:
462:
448:
374:
336:
317:
268:
145:
91:
43:This article includes a list of general
775:Ernst J. Grube, George Michell (1978).
625:Castles: Their Construction and History
2947:
728:Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy
358:tower houses were built in the Balkans
286:To the west of the Basque Country, in
259:the petty wars among the Basque nobles
1018:
818:
559:retain a plethora of watchtowers, or
330:is the few preserved tower houses of
422:
29:
2429:Weapons Storage and Security System
711:Tower house structure at Mesa Verde
134:Tower houses in Britain and Ireland
13:
1044:
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
2971:
803:
322:Quintela Tower Manor in Portugal.
278:and tower, San Miguel das Penas,
2928:
2927:
998:
566:
34:
214:now the best group to survive.
753:. Cambridge University Press.
704:
694:
684:
667:
642:
627:, Courier Dover Publications,
605:
534:has hundreds of tower houses.
1:
2324:British "hedgehog" road block
719:
598:
120:'s residence, around which a
7:
2734:Cities with defensive walls
2319:Defensive fighting position
2234:
2039:
1849:
1795:
1656:
1647:
1613:
1604:
1459:
142:Tower houses in the Balkans
10:
2976:
639:; London: Heinemann, 1939)
521:Vainakh tower architecture
468:Vainakh tower architecture
429:Vainakh tower architecture
426:
368:in a period of decline of
131:
18:
2918:
2848:
2772:
2716:
2650:
2536:
2441:
2364:Hardened aircraft shelter
2339:Entry control point (ECP)
2251:
2162:
1878:
1871:
1303:
1052:
994:
893:
852:
595:retainers, as in Europe.
127:
2960:Fortified towers by type
2861:Continuity of government
846:Architecture in Scotland
681:XXVI (2015), pp. 14, 21.
555:and some other towns in
264:Saint Ignatius of Loyola
2683:Motte-and-bailey castle
2389:Missile launch facility
2384:Main line of resistance
1079:
537:Similarly, hundreds of
124:was often constructed.
64:more precise citations.
2759:Military installations
2623:
2604:
2595:
2586:
2504:
2175:
2150:
2126:
2116:Scarp and Counterscarp
2087:
2078:
2063:
2030:
2016:
1987:
1958:
1949:
1925:
1886:
1691:
1672:
1590:
1539:
1530:
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1477:
1468:
1405:
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1115:
1106:
1097:
1088:
1070:
679:Architectural Heritage
487:
475:
460:
383:
366:Christians and Muslims
353:
326:A feature peculiar to
323:
283:
229:, and in the unstable
159:
105:
2528:Floating water castle
2259:Admiralty scaffolding
1552:Fortified buildings (
880:Industrial Revolution
590:are nestled within a
481:
466:
452:
427:Further information:
378:
340:
321:
272:
149:
132:Further information:
95:
25:Tower House, Brighton
2871:Subterranean warfare
1824:Viking ring fortress
539:Tibetan tower houses
482:Old architecture in
382:tower house, Estonia
2688:Quadrangular castle
2424:Weapon storage area
1780:Quadrangular castle
1005:Scotland portal
901:Atlantic roundhouse
343:Tower of Kurt Pasha
2419:Underground hangar
2204:Fire control tower
2001:Gunpowder magazine
1429:Butter-churn tower
541:dot the so-called
488:
476:
461:
384:
354:
324:
284:
160:
138:Welsh Tower houses
106:
2942:
2941:
2866:Military urbanism
2800:Fortified gateway
2673:Concentric castle
2437:
2436:
2354:Fire support base
2194:Coastal artillery
2069:(Spanish America)
1663:
1505:Concentric castle
1012:
1011:
650:"Medieval towers"
509:Svan tower houses
423:Caucasus and Asia
341:The 17th-century
223:Craigievar Castle
180:medieval communes
102:South Lanarkshire
90:
89:
82:
2967:
2931:
2930:
2924:
2815:National redoubt
2744:Fortified estate
2668:Circular rampart
2628:
2609:
2600:
2591:
2509:
2269:Anti-tank trench
2264:Air raid shelter
2239:
2199:Disappearing gun
2180:
2155:
2131:
2092:
2083:
2068:
2044:
2035:
2021:
1992:
1963:
1954:
1930:
1891:
1876:
1875:
1854:
1834:Bailey (or ward)
1800:
1705:Motte-and-bailey
1696:
1677:
1661:
1653:
1652:
1618:
1609:
1595:
1544:
1535:
1491:
1482:
1473:
1464:
1410:
1396:
1387:
1333:
1290:
1279:
1270:
1261:
1247:
1207:
1193:
1133:Circular rampart
1129:
1120:
1111:
1102:
1093:
1084:
1075:
1039:
1032:
1025:
1016:
1015:
1003:
1002:
1001:
839:
832:
825:
816:
815:
799:
797:
795:
771:
769:
767:
743:
713:
708:
702:
698:
692:
688:
682:
676:
671:
665:
664:
662:
660:
646:
640:
622:
619:
609:
456:tower houses in
445:Himalayan towers
231:Scottish Marches
176:High Middle Ages
98:Tower of Hallbar
85:
78:
74:
71:
65:
60:this article by
51:inline citations
38:
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2581:Imperial castle
2554:Coercion castle
2549:Coastal defence
2532:
2494:Promontory fort
2464:Hillside castle
2433:
2349:Fallout shelter
2314:Concertina wire
2294:Border security
2247:
2158:
1867:
1500:Coercion castle
1488:Cheval de frise
1470:Chemin de ronde
1318:Albarrana tower
1299:
1244:Schwedenschanze
1221:Promontory fort
1048:
1043:
1013:
1008:
999:
997:
990:
926:Chambered cairn
889:
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673:A. Mackechnie,
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606:
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543:Tribal Corridor
447:
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69:
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56:Please help to
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39:
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21:The Tower House
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2898:Trench warfare
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2893:Tunnel warfare
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2749:Fortifications
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2629:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2601:
2592:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2566:
2561:
2559:Counter-castle
2556:
2551:
2546:
2544:Border barrier
2540:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2479:Lowland castle
2476:
2471:
2469:Hilltop castle
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2438:
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2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2344:Electric fence
2341:
2336:
2334:Dragon's teeth
2331:
2329:Czech hedgehog
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2243:Wire obstacles
2240:
2231:
2229:Polygonal fort
2226:
2221:
2219:Martello tower
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2184:Border outpost
2181:
2172:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2084:
2075:
2070:
2060:
2058:Polygonal fort
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1619:
1610:
1601:
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1587:
1582:
1577:
1570:
1565:
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1548:Flanking tower
1545:
1536:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1515:Counter-castle
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
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200:twenty towers
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2955:Tower houses
2926:
2881:Siege engine
2849:Other topics
2773:Related word
2739:Defense line
2703:Tower castle
2658:Bastion fort
2642:Urban castle
2570:Ganerbenburg
2568:
2523:Water castle
2499:Ridge castle
2484:Marsh castle
2299:Bomb shelter
2279:Belgian gate
2252:20th century
2163:19th century
2101:Retrenchment
2073:Punji sticks
1982:Entrenchment
1977:Device Forts
1944:Counterguard
1879:Early modern
1813:
1809:Tower castle
1745:Powder tower
1720:Outer bailey
1632:Inner bailey
1606:Gulyay-gorod
1574:Ganerbenburg
1572:
1568:Fujian tulou
1510:Corner tower
1449:Chamber gate
1419:Bridge tower
1267:Trou de loup
996:
975:
946:Estate house
906:Bastle house
875:Early modern
792:. Retrieved
777:
764:. Retrieved
749:
731:
727:
706:
696:
686:
678:
669:
657:. Retrieved
653:
644:
636:
635:(reissue of
624:
607:
570:
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489:
385:
356:Distinctive
355:
325:
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306:
285:
273:
240:
216:
183:
161:
109:
107:
76:
67:
48:
2780:Castle town
2637:Toll castle
2606:Lustschloss
2588:Kaiserpfalz
2518:Spur castle
2513:Rock castle
2454:Hill castle
2449:Cave castle
2409:Spider hole
2309:Bremer wall
2274:Barbed tape
2170:Barbed wire
1844:Witch tower
1814:Tower house
1804:Toll castle
1790:Shield wall
1710:Murder hole
1599:Guard tower
1216:Pincer gate
1163:Faussebraye
976:Tower house
936:Court cairn
860:Prehistoric
734:: 348â365.
615: [
557:South China
545:in Western
433:Svan towers
415:castles in
362:Middle Ages
219:Drum Castle
174:during the
122:castle town
114:Middle Ages
110:tower house
62:introducing
2949:Categories
2805:Gatekeeper
2625:Ordensburg
2597:Landesburg
2404:Sentry gun
2359:Flak tower
2289:Blast wall
2209:Gun turret
2106:Sally port
2011:Kotta mara
1951:Couvreface
1915:Breastwork
1910:Blockhouse
1888:Abwurfdach
1839:Watchtower
1829:Wall tower
1785:Shell keep
1735:Portcullis
1730:Peel tower
1715:Neck ditch
1674:Landesburg
1622:Half tower
1580:Gate tower
1525:Drawbridge
1367:Battlement
1283:Wagon fort
1126:Chengqiang
986:Wheelhouse
961:Peel tower
911:Blackhouse
781:. Morrow.
720:Literature
654:Vivi Pavia
612:Sidney Toy
599:References
573:Mesa Verde
505:Ingushetia
472:Ingushetia
394:and other
360:since the
304:Modern Age
235:peel tower
192:two towers
150:Towers of
118:aristocrat
45:references
2908:Guerrilla
2651:By design
2399:Revetment
2214:Land mine
2145:Star fort
1972:Crownwork
1967:Covertway
1900:Barricade
1541:Embrasure
1454:Chartaque
1384:Bergfried
1342:Arrowslit
1168:Gatehouse
1138:City gate
1099:Castellum
1065:Acropolis
513:Chazhashi
396:crusaders
288:Cantabria
188:patrician
2933:Category
2923:See also
2810:Loophole
2698:Ringwork
2693:Ringfort
2618:Obstacle
2459:Hillfort
2379:Loophole
2177:Barbette
2152:Tenaille
2135:Sea fort
2065:Presidio
2025:Magazine
2006:Hornwork
1939:Cavalier
1934:Casemate
1927:Caponier
1770:Ringwork
1658:Detinets
1627:Hoarding
1532:Enceinte
1407:Bretèche
1352:Bartizan
1347:Barbican
1323:Alcazaba
1251:Stockade
1231:Ringfort
1211:Palisade
1183:Landwehr
1178:Hillfort
971:Shieling
951:Hillfort
870:Medieval
740:20490552
659:1 August
618:Wikidata
580:Colorado
578:ruin in
561:diaolous
530:city of
501:Chechnya
497:Svanetia
474:, Russia
351:Bulgaria
332:Ratisbon
292:Asturias
282:, Spain.
245:and the
182:, urban
158:, Italy.
70:May 2020
2840:Vedette
2830:Schloss
2795:Festung
2790:Dungeon
2785:Château
2729:Castles
2537:By role
2394:Pillbox
2224:Outpost
2140:Station
2128:Schanze
2111:Sandbag
2096:Redoubt
2080:Ravelin
2048:Palanka
2032:Orillon
2018:Lunette
1960:Coupure
1905:Bastion
1895:Arsenal
1863:Zwinger
1775:Roundel
1765:Ricetto
1740:Postern
1725:Outwork
1649:Kremlin
1520:Curtain
1495:Citadel
1479:Chemise
1439:Caltrop
1357:Bastion
1330:AlcĂĄzar
1226:Rampart
1204:Oppidum
1197:Nuraghe
1143:Crannog
1117:Castros
1053:Ancient
956:Housing
941:Crannog
701:house."
623:(1985)
576:Anasazi
553:Kaiping
547:Sichuan
517:Ushguli
486:, Yemen
458:Ushguli
454:Svaneti
417:Estonia
386:In the
370:Ottoman
328:Germany
300:Galicia
280:Galicia
255:Castile
243:Navarre
212:Tuscany
196:Bologna
184:palazzi
172:England
156:Tuscany
58:improve
2835:Trench
2825:Picket
2236:Sangar
2189:Bunker
2121:Sconce
2041:Ostrog
1989:Flèche
1872:Modern
1851:Yagura
1819:Turret
1755:Reduit
1693:Merlon
1637:Kasbah
1615:Gusuku
1592:Glacis
1585:Gabion
1554:church
1461:Chashi
1444:Castle
1288:Laager
1276:Vallum
1233:(Rath)
1108:Castra
1090:Burgus
1060:Abatis
931:Church
921:Castle
885:Modern
794:10 May
785:
766:10 May
757:
738:
631:
532:Shibam
528:Yemeni
519:. See
484:Shibam
443:, and
405:Purtse
390:, the
347:Vratsa
251:AragĂłn
140:, and
128:Europe
47:, but
2876:Siege
2820:Palas
2764:Walls
2754:Forts
2717:Lists
2564:Fence
2506:Rocca
2374:Kabal
2089:Redan
1996:Gorge
1920:Canal
1797:Shiro
1760:Ribat
1750:Qalat
1562:Dzong
1558:house
1258:Sudis
1190:Limes
1148:Ditch
1081:Broch
1072:Agger
916:Broch
894:Forms
865:Roman
736:JSTOR
621:]
592:cliff
588:ruins
584:adobe
308:pazos
298:, in
296:Spain
204:Pavia
2886:list
2304:Buoy
1858:Yett
1700:Moat
1667:Ksar
1642:Keep
1434:Caer
1424:Burh
1400:Boom
1393:Berm
1372:Bawn
1337:Amba
1173:Gord
853:Eras
796:2012
783:ISBN
768:2012
755:ISBN
691:..."
661:2022
629:ISBN
526:The
515:and
503:and
441:CulÄ
413:Kiiu
411:and
290:and
275:Pazo
253:and
225:and
170:and
96:The
1158:Dun
470:in
409:Vao
380:Vao
345:in
210:in
202:in
194:in
154:in
100:in
2951::
2925::
1560:,
1556:,
732:20
730:.
652:.
499:,
439:,
435:,
431:,
419:.
407:,
349:,
221:,
198:,
166:,
136:,
108:A
1662:)
1654:(
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1285:(
1038:e
1031:t
1024:v
838:e
831:t
824:v
798:.
770:.
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675:"
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262:(
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77:(
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68:(
54:.
27:.
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