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408:), meaning the family's profession, "little hammer", Latinized into "Malleolus". His father, Johann, was a blacksmith and his mother, Gertrud, was a schoolmistress. Although almost universally known in English as Thomas à Kempis, the "a" represents the Latin "from" and is erroneously accented. In his writings he signed himself "Thomas Kempensis" or "Thomas Kempis".
52:
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446:, founded by disciples of Groote in order to provide a way of life more in keeping with the norms of monastic life of the period. Thomas himself entered Mount St. Agnes in 1406. He was not ordained a priest, however, until almost a decade later. He became a prolific copyist and writer. Thomas received
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A monument was dedicated to his memory in the presence of the archbishop of
Utrecht in St. Michael's Church, Zwolle, on 11 November 1897. In 1964, this church closed, causing his shrine to be moved to a new St. Michael's Church outside the centre of Zwolle. In 2005, this church also closed and his
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and three paraphrases in
English seem to have been published between 1500 and 1700. Thomas died near Zwolle in 1471. There is a legend that he was denied canonization some 200 years after his death by the Catholic Church due to the presence of scratch marks on the interior of his coffin lid, which
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supposedly disqualifies him from sainthood as it would mean he did not peacefully embrace death. However, there is scant evidence to support that he was buried alive or the idea that the Church would have denied him sainthood if they did discover he died in this manner.
461:, and imposed an interdict. The Canons remained in exile in observance of the interdict until the question was settled in 1432. During this time, Thomas was sent to Arnhem to care for his ailing brother, where he remained until his brother died in November 1432.
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He also wrote the biographies of New
Devotion members—Gerard Groote, Floris Radewijns, Jan van de Gronde, and Jan Brinckerinck. His important works include a series of sermons to the novices of St. Augustine Monastery, including
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Ostenditur adhuc ejus effigies, sed admodum deformata poenèque obliterata, cum hoc insigni symbolo, In omnibus requiem quaesivi, sed non inveni, nisi in hoexkens ende boexkens: Hoc est, in abditis recessibus &
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As subprior he was charged with instructing novices, and in that capacity wrote four booklets between 1418 and 1427, later collected and named after the title of the first chapter of the first booklet:
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His first tenure of office as subprior was interrupted by the exile of the community from
Agnetenberg in 1429. A dispute had arisen in connection with an appointment to the vacant See of Utrecht.
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Shortened form of a motto often ascribed to, or associated with, Thomas a Kempis. The complete saying as reported by an early biographer is a mixture of Latin and Dutch and runs as follows: "
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He was the second son John and
Gertrude Hamerken (or Hammerlein, 'Little Hammer'), latinised, as was the custom of the age, into 'Malleolus.'
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If thou wilt receive profit, read with humility, simplicity, and faith, and seek not at any time the fame of being learned.
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in the
Netherlands in order to attend the noted Latin school there. While attending this school, Thomas encountered the
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Otherwise, Thomas spent his time between devotional exercises in writing and in copying manuscripts. He copied the
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Crane, David (1975). "English
Translations of the Imitatio Christi in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries".
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Excerpt from the manuscript "Opera" (Works), written by Thomas à Kempis in the 2nd half of the 15th century
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A History of Later Latin
Literature from the Middle of the Fourth to the End of the Seventeenth Century
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825:('from Kempen'), without the accent, as borne out by surviving contemporary mentions of his name. The
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New Schaff-Herzog
Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Vol. VI: Innocents — Liudger, Schaff, Philip.
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Sisters and
Brothers of the Common Life: The Devotio Moderna and the World of the Later Middle Ages
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At the Day of Judgement we shall not be asked what we have read, but what we have done.
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said it was one of the three books everybody ought to own. Thirteen translations of
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987:(3rd ed.). Great Britain: William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. p. V.
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is available in the Bibliothèque Royale in Brussels (shelfmark: MS 5455-61).
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In omnibus requiem quaesivi, sed non inveni, nisi in hoexkens ende boexkens,
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of the Monastery of Mount St. Agnes there. This community was one of the
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272:"Here lived Thomas van Kempen in the service of the Lord and wrote his
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Christian History | Learn the History of Christianity & the Church
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form may stem from an obsolete rendering or attributed to faux French.
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Bijdragen en Mededelingen betreffende de Geschiedenis der Nederlanden
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If, however, you seek Jesus in all things, you will surely find Him.
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The Imitation of Christ: A Spiritual Commentary and Reader's Guide
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shrine was moved to the Onze-Lieve-Vrouw-ten-Hemelopneming kerk (
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Thomas à Kempis College, Zwolle, Netherlands; at Knowledge (NL)
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Scutum Kempense seu IV librorum de imitatione Christi vindiciae
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no fewer than four times, one of the copies being preserved at
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And when he is out of sight, quickly also is he out of mind.
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1364:. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1111:"Why Isn't Thomas a'Kempis a Saint of the Catholic Church?"
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This article incorporates Public Domain material from the
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On the Passion of Christ according to the four evangelists
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in 1413 and was made sub-prior of the monastery in 1429.
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to visit his brother again, after Johann had become the
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After leaving school, Thomas went to the nearby city of
1090:
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Thomas à Kempis (1955), Harold C. Gardner, S.J. (ed.),
1309:
Wright, Frederick Adam; Sinclair, Thomas Alan (1931).
1038:
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791:
427:. He attended school in Deventer from 1392 to 1399.
354:, published anonymously in Latin in the Netherlands
735:Oh how quickly the glory of the world passes away!
1245:. Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1198:"Welkom op de website van de 'Peperbus' te Zwolle"
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597:Thomas à Kempis (1989), William C. Creasy (ed.),
411:In 1392, Thomas followed his brother, Johann, to
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1250:Thomas, à Kempis (1912b). Vincent Scully (ed.).
740:The Imitation of Christ, Book I, ch. 3, line 6.
1308:
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361:–1427, one of the most popular and best known
348:of the late medieval period and the author of
1472:
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525:Prayers and Meditations on the Life of Christ
650:The following quotes are attributed to him:
1142:. Mercer University Press. pp. xix–xx.
1056:"Thomas a Kempis, Priest, Monk, and Writer"
1008:
846:
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400:in the Rhineland. His surname at birth was
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1138:William C. Creasy (2007). "Introduction".
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530:Meditations on the Incarnation of Christ
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457:rejected the nomination of Bishop-elect
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742:Suggested as the origin of the phrase "
673:Without the Truth, there is no knowing,
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2480:Wilhelm Emmanuel Freiherr von Ketteler
1376:Works by Thomas à Kempis in eBook form
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763:In a little corner with a little book
675:Without the Life, there is no living.
512:Kempis's 1441 autograph manuscript of
122:Onze-Lieve-Vrouw-ten-Hemelopnemingkerk
2963:People from the Electorate of Cologne
2948:Medieval Christian devotional writers
2938:German expatriates in the Netherlands
1460:
1260:
1233:Scully, Vincent Joseph Henry (1912).
1108:
1096:
750:"Thus passes the glory of the world."
365:. His name means "Thomas of Kempen",
1326:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
698:For man proposes, but God disposes
671:Without the Way, there is no going,
24:
1342:
288:with the relics of Thomas à Kempis
25:
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1407:Works by or about Thomas à Kempis
1369:
1017:. Brewster, MA: Paraclete Press.
962:. Ignatius Press. pp. 9–12.
821:The correct Latin form should be
789:church) in the centre of Zwolle.
268:Monument on Mount Saint Agnes in
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1423:
1239:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
1015:The Complete Imitation of Christ
1011:"Introduction - Thomas Hamerken"
794:
728:O quam cito transit gloria mundi
2973:Pre-Reformation Anglican saints
1798:Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
1253:St. Lydwine of Schiedam, virgin
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1109:Moore, Timothy (27 July 2016).
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69:Prince-Archbishopric of Cologne
2883:15th-century Christian mystics
1511:History of the Catholic Church
1115:Imitating Christ In Daily Life
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344:) was a German-Dutch Catholic
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2898:15th-century writers in Latin
2160:Giovanni Pico della Mirandola
1557:History of Christian theology
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779:
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355:
322:
1488:History of Catholic theology
1256:. London: Burns & Oates.
983:Carraway, James L. (1962) .
534:Of True Compunction of Heart
7:
1440:Quotes from Thomas à Kempis
1422:(public domain audiobooks)
417:Brethren of the Common Life
386:Brethren of the Common Life
10:
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2586:Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
2576:Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange
1861:Transubstantiation dispute
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1185:Wright & Sinclair 1931
444:Congregation of Windesheim
363:Christian devotional books
2953:Medieval European scribes
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191:Alexander Hegius von Heek
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2878:15th-century biographers
2500:Matthias Joseph Scheeben
1693:Athanasius of Alexandria
1585:First Epistle of Clement
1416:Works by Thomas à Kempis
1398:Works by Thomas à Kempis
1320:Van Engen, John (2013).
1013:. In John-Julian (ed.).
808:
745:Sic transit gloria mundi
579:Thomas à Kempis (2005),
561:Thomas à Kempis (2007),
496:
2943:German male biographers
2913:Christian hagiographers
2611:Dietrich von Hildebrand
2475:Giovanni Maria Cornoldi
2349:Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet
2329:Mary of Jesus of Ágreda
1871:Paulinus II of Aquileia
1866:Predestination disputes
1361:Encyclopædia Britannica
1355:"Thomas à Kempis"
1298:Eusebius Amort (1759).
1236:"Thomas a Kempis"
1140:The Imitation of Christ
985:The Imitation of Christ
718:The Imitation of Christ
704:The Imitation of Christ
690:The Imitation of Christ
662:The Imitation of Christ
623:The Imitation of Christ
603:Mercer University Press
599:The Imitation of Christ
563:The Imitation of Christ
515:The Imitation of Christ
490:The Imitation of Christ
482:The Imitation of Christ
391:
372:He was a member of the
351:The Imitation of Christ
256:The Imitation of Christ
2978:Roman Catholic mystics
2847:Catholicism portal
2696:Hans Urs von Balthasar
2495:Tommaso Maria Zigliara
2435:Félicité de La Mennais
2114:The Cloud of Unknowing
1615:The Shepherd of Hermas
1153:Thomas, à Kempis 1912b
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758:In angello cum libello
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2908:Burials in Overijssel
2621:Marie-Dominique Chenu
2540:Marie-Joseph Lagrange
2525:Désiré-Joseph Mercier
2409:Clement Mary Hofbauer
2404:Johann Michael Sailer
1831:Maximus the Confessor
1523:History of the papacy
1242:Catholic Encyclopedia
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538:Soliloquy of the Soul
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369:being his home town.
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267:
2797:Raniero Cantalamessa
2767:Alice von Hildebrand
2716:Edward Schillebeeckx
2394:Maria Gaetana Agnesi
2279:Lawrence of Brindisi
2209:Francisco de Vitoria
1999:Beatrice of Nazareth
1974:Hugh of Saint Victor
1954:Bernard of Clairvaux
1934:Anselm of Canterbury
1896:John Scotus Eriugena
1891:Paschasius Radbertus
1738:Gregory of Nazianzus
1632:Epistle to Diognetus
1080:""Thomas à Kempis",
1009:John-Julian (2012).
843:Vita Thomae a Kempis
157:Saint Thomas Aquinas
93:Bishopric of Utrecht
27:German canon regular
2772:Carlo Maria Martini
2736:Johann Baptist Metz
2706:Frederick Copleston
2530:Friedrich von Hügel
2490:Joseph Hergenröther
2470:Gaetano Sanseverino
2450:Ignaz von Döllinger
2374:Nicolas Malebranche
2214:Thomas of Villanova
2175:Counter-Reformation
2155:Girolamo Savonarola
1969:Hildegard of Bingen
1778:Cyril of Alexandria
1621:Aristides of Athens
1608:Epistle of Barnabas
1597:Ignatius of Antioch
1535:Ecumenical councils
1433:Imitation of Christ
854:Eusebius Amort 1759
839:Franciscus Tolensis
583:, Ave Maria Press,
459:Rudolf van Diepholt
396:Thomas was born in
305:Thomas à Kempis on
274:Imitation of Christ
95:, Holy Roman Empire
2968:People from Zwolle
2933:German biographers
2928:Dutch male writers
2903:Augustinian canons
2787:Alasdair MacIntyre
2666:Nouvelle théologie
2555:Thérèse of Lisieux
2399:Alfonso Muzzarelli
2339:Jean-Jacques Olier
2309:Tommaso Campanella
2224:Francisco de Osuna
2219:Ignatius of Loyola
2088:Catherine of Siena
1984:Robert Grosseteste
1881:Benedict of Aniane
1821:Isidore of Seville
1763:Augustine of Hippo
1728:Cyril of Jerusalem
1723:Hilary of Poitiers
1166:"Oxford Reference"
1099:, pp. 79–100.
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207:Ignatius of Loyola
195:Thérèse of Lisieux
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2777:Pope Benedict XVI
2762:Pope John Paul II
2661:Josemaría Escrivá
2651:Henri Daniel-Rops
2535:Vladimir Solovyov
2515:Neo-scholasticism
2455:John Henry Newman
2389:Louis de Montfort
2384:Alphonsus Liguori
2379:Giambattista Vico
2314:Pierre de Bérulle
2300:French Revolution
2269:Robert Bellarmine
2249:John of the Cross
2135:Julian of Norwich
2093:Bridget of Sweden
2083:John of Ruusbroec
2073:William of Ockham
1989:Francis of Assisi
1979:Dominic de Guzmán
1949:Decretum Gratiani
1924:Berengar of Tours
1813:Early Middle Ages
1783:Peter Chrysologus
1733:Basil of Caesarea
1718:Ephrem the Syrian
1658:Antipope Novatian
1402:Project Gutenberg
1333:978-0-8122-9005-9
1084:, August 8, 2008"
1082:Christian History
916:"Thomas à Kempis"
638:978-0-375-70018-7
572:978-1-59986-979-7
342:Thomas van Kempen
334:Thomas von Kempen
307:Mount Saint Agnes
262:
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243:Søren Kierkegaard
235:Swami Vivekananda
219:Joseph De Maistre
100:Venerated in
86:(aged 90–91)
73:Holy Roman Empire
16:(Redirected from
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2686:Emmanuel Mounier
2681:Bernard Lonergan
2606:Georges Bernanos
2591:Jacques Maritain
2571:G. K. Chesterton
2460:Henri Lacordaire
2359:Cornelius Jansen
2354:François Fénelon
2284:Francis de Sales
2274:Francisco Suárez
2145:Nicholas of Cusa
2029:Siger of Brabant
2014:Boetius of Dacia
1994:Anthony of Padua
1939:Joachim of Fiore
1919:Gregory of Narek
1906:High Middle Ages
1851:John of Damascus
1743:Gregory of Nyssa
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1411:Internet Archive
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1200:. Archived from
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1187:, pp. 361-.
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706:, Book I, ch. 19
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664:, Book I, ch. 23
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546:Valley of Lilies
506:Opera spirituale
382:Florens Radewyns
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328:– 25 July 1471;
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2984:
2983:
2982:
2918:Devotio Moderna
2858:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2839:
2831:
2812:Jean-Luc Marion
2750:
2701:Marcel Lefebvre
2626:Romano Guardini
2581:Joseph Maréchal
2559:
2550:Maurice Blondel
2445:Antonio Rosmini
2440:Luigi Taparelli
2418:
2344:Louis Thomassin
2319:Pierre Gassendi
2302:
2298:
2288:
2239:Teresa of Ávila
2177:
2173:
2164:
2150:Marsilio Ficino
2140:Thomas à Kempis
2130:Devotio Moderna
2103:Johannes Tauler
2098:Meister Eckhart
2068:Dante Alighieri
2043:
2009:Albertus Magnus
1900:
1807:
1753:John Chrysostom
1681:
1677:
1667:
1580:Clement of Rome
1561:
1499:
1490:
1485:
1446:Devotio Moderna
1424:
1391:Standard Ebooks
1386:Thomas à Kempis
1380:Standard Ebooks
1372:
1345:
1343:Further reading
1340:
1334:
1315:. G. Routledge.
1222:
1217:
1216:
1207:
1205:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1183:
1179:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1151:
1147:
1136:
1129:
1119:
1117:
1107:
1103:
1095:
1091:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1064:
1062:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1041:
1032:
1025:
1007:
1003:
981:
977:
970:
956:Kempis (2004).
954:
945:
937:
933:
924:
922:
914:
913:
909:
899:
895:
886:
884:
876:
875:
871:
866:
861:
860:
837:
833:
823:Thomas a Kempis
820:
816:
811:
800:
795:
793:
782:
776:
767:
752:
749:
741:
739:
732:
722:
716:
708:
702:
694:
692:, Book I, ch. 3
688:
677:
674:
672:
666:
660:
657:
648:
639:
618:
613:
596:
591:
578:
573:
565:, Filiquarian,
560:
542:Garden of Roses
499:
425:Modern Devotion
419:, followers of
394:
374:Modern Devotion
358:
325:
315:Thomas à Kempis
249:
239:Shailer Mathews
165:Dante Alighieri
153:Saint Augustine
114:
106:
87:
83:
63:
45:
40:
39:
38:Thomas à Kempis
36:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Thomas a Kempis
15:
12:
11:
5:
2991:
2981:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2958:German scribes
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2758:
2756:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2641:Henri de Lubac
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2616:Gabriel Marcel
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2596:Étienne Gilson
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2545:George Tyrrell
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2505:Émile Boutroux
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2485:Giuseppe Pecci
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2334:António Vieira
2331:
2326:
2324:René Descartes
2321:
2316:
2311:
2305:
2303:
2295:Baroque period
2293:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2259:Luis de Molina
2256:
2254:Peter Canisius
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2234:Francis Xavier
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2189:Thomas Cajetan
2186:
2180:
2178:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2120:Heinrich Seuse
2117:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2054:
2052:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2024:Thomas Aquinas
2021:
2019:Henry of Ghent
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1964:Anselm of Laon
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1910:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1886:Rabanus Maurus
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1817:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1805:
1803:Pope Gregory I
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1684:
1682:
1679:Pope Gregory I
1672:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1611:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1571:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1550:Biblical canon
1547:
1540:Catholic Bible
1537:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1484:
1483:
1476:
1469:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1442:
1437:
1428:
1413:
1404:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1371:
1370:External links
1368:
1367:
1366:
1352:, ed. (1911).
1350:Chisholm, Hugh
1344:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1332:
1317:
1306:
1295:
1258:
1247:
1230:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1189:
1177:
1157:
1145:
1127:
1101:
1089:
1071:
1047:
1030:
1024:978-1557258106
1023:
1001:
975:
968:
943:
939:Van Engen 2013
931:
907:
893:
868:
867:
865:
862:
859:
858:
856:, p. 29)
831:
813:
812:
810:
807:
806:
805:
781:
778:
765:
737:
714:
700:
686:
669:
658:
653:
647:
644:
643:
642:
637:
616:
611:
594:
589:
576:
571:
498:
495:
440:Canons Regular
393:
390:
260:
259:
252:
246:
245:
188:
184:
183:
138:
134:
133:
130:
124:
123:
120:
111:
110:
101:
97:
96:
80:
76:
75:
60:
56:
55:
47:
46:
41:
37:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2990:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
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2944:
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2939:
2936:
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2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
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2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2837:
2834:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2822:Aidan Nichols
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2802:Michał Heller
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2792:Walter Kasper
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2753:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2721:Thomas Merton
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2691:Jean Daniélou
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
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2657:
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2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
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2627:
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2617:
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2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
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2589:
2587:
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2572:
2569:
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2562:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2430:Joseph Görres
2428:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2415:
2414:Bruno Lanteri
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2369:Blaise Pascal
2367:
2364:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
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2310:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2296:
2291:
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2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2229:John of Ávila
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2167:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2109:
2108:Walter Hilton
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2078:Richard Rolle
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2046:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1959:Peter Lombard
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1944:Peter Abelard
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1836:Monothelitism
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1826:John Climacus
1824:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1713:Monophysitism
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1627:
1626:Justin Martyr
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1558:
1555:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1528:Papal primacy
1526:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1489:
1482:
1477:
1475:
1470:
1468:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1429:
1421:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1363:
1362:
1356:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1335:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1307:
1303:
1302:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1269:(2): 79–100.
1268:
1264:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1204:on 2013-09-27
1203:
1199:
1193:
1186:
1181:
1167:
1161:
1154:
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1141:
1134:
1132:
1116:
1112:
1105:
1098:
1093:
1085:
1083:
1075:
1061:
1057:
1051:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1026:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1005:
998:
994:
990:
986:
979:
971:
969:9780898709933
965:
961:
960:
952:
950:
948:
940:
935:
921:
917:
911:
905:, 87, p. 137.
904:
903:
897:
883:
879:
873:
869:
855:
850:
844:
840:
835:
828:
824:
818:
814:
803:
802:Saints portal
792:
790:
788:
772:
764:
761:
759:
747:
746:
736:
733:
729:
719:
713:
705:
699:
691:
685:
682:
676:
663:
656:
651:
640:
634:
630:
625:
624:
617:
614:
612:0-86554-339-9
608:
604:
600:
595:
592:
590:0-87061-234-4
586:
582:
577:
574:
568:
564:
559:
558:
557:
556:of Schiedam.
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
526:
519:
517:
516:
507:
503:
494:
491:
487:
483:
477:
475:
474:New Testament
471:
467:
462:
460:
456:
455:Pope Martin V
451:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
428:
426:
422:
421:Gerard Groote
418:
414:
409:
407:
403:
399:
389:
387:
383:
379:
375:
370:
368:
364:
353:
352:
347:
346:canon regular
343:
339:
335:
331:
320:
316:
309:
308:
302:
294:
287:
282:
275:
271:
266:
258:
257:
253:
247:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
223:Thomas Merton
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
189:
185:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
139:
135:
131:
129:
125:
121:
118:
112:
109:
105:
102:
98:
94:
90:
81:
77:
74:
70:
66:
61:
57:
53:
48:
44:
31:
19:
2807:Peter Kreeft
2755:21st century
2746:Henri Nouwen
2656:Jean Guitton
2636:Fulton Sheen
2564:20th century
2465:Jaime Balmes
2423:19th century
2244:Luis de León
2139:
2125:Geert Groote
2112:
1929:Peter Damian
1768:John Cassian
1708:Nestorianism
1630:
1613:
1606:
1589:
1567:Early Church
1445:
1432:
1384:
1359:
1322:
1311:
1300:
1266:
1262:
1252:
1240:
1227:
1206:. Retrieved
1202:the original
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2051:and reforms
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