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20:
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379:, in the late fourteenth century. For Groote the pivotal point is the search for inner peace, which results from the denial of one's own self and is to be achieved by "ardour" and "silence". This is the heart of the "New Devotion", or the "Devotio moderna". Solitary meditation on Christ’s Passion and redemption, on one’s own death, the Last Judgment, heaven, and hell was essential.
179:. The life of the brilliant young scholar was rapidly becoming luxurious, secular and selfish, when a great spiritual change passed over him which resulted in a final renunciation of every worldly enjoyment. This conversion, which took place in 1374, appears to have been due partly to the effects of a dangerous illness and partly to the influence of a fellow student,
311:; during this visit was formed Groote's attraction for the rule and life of the Augustinian canons which was destined to bear notable fruit. At the close of his life he was asked by some of the clerics who attached themselves to him to form them into a religious order and Groote resolved that they should be
360:
of canons regular embracing in course of time nearly one hundred houses, and leading the way in the series of reforms undertaken during the 15th century by all the religious orders in
Germany. Henceforth his communities, which were spreading rapidly through the Netherlands, Lower Germany, and
299:
was without effect. There is a difficulty as to the date of this prohibition; either it was only a few months before Groote's death, or else it must have been removed by the bishop, for Groote seems to have preached in public in the last year of his life.
361:
Westphalia, claimed and received all his attention. He contemplated organizing his clerics into a community of canons regular, but it was left to
Radewyns, his successor, to realize this plan at Windesheim two years later.
633:(ed. 3); he insists on the fact that Groote's theological and ecclesiastical ideas were those commonly current in his day, and that the attempts to make him a "reformer before the Reformation" are unhistorical.
288:
was the great subject of his discourses, that in all of them he believed himself to be in harmony with
Catholic doctrine, and that he willingly subjected them to the candid judgment of the Church.
348:
Young men especially flocked to him in great numbers. Some of these he sent to his schools, others he occupied at transcribing good books, to all he taught thorough
Christian piety. Groote and
280:, avarice, and impurity among the secular and regular clergy, provoked the hostility of the clergy, and accusations of heterodoxy were brought against him. It was in vain that Groote emitted a
217:
In 1374 Groote turned his family home in
Deventer into a shelter for poor women and lived for several years as a guest of the Carthusian monastery. In 1379, having received ordination as a
498:
392:, which reached an increasingly literate public. In this context small works of art such as diptychs that provided a focus for private worship enjoyed wide popularity.
382:
In the course of the 15th century, the Modern
Devotion found adherents throughout the Netherlands and Germany. Its precepts were further disseminated in texts such as
318:
The initiation of this movement was the great achievement of Groote's life; he lived to preside over the birth and first days of his other creation, the society of
356:. In 1387 a site was secured at Windesheim, some 24 km (15 mi) north of Deventer, and here was established the monastery that became the cradle of the
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the people left their business and their meals to hear his sermons, so that the churches could not hold the crowds that flocked together wherever he came.
2119:
221:, he became a missionary preacher throughout the diocese of Utrecht. The success which followed his labours not only in the city of Utrecht, but also in
2084:
576:
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at
Deventer, which he had contracted while nursing the sick, in 1384 at the age of 44. Geert Groote was also a famous writer, who made an important
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539:
687:
537:
Hand, John Oliver. "Prayers and
Portraits: Unfolding the Netherlandish Diptych", National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C., 12 November 2006
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Schrantz, Charles. "Gerard Groote." The
Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 15 Jun. 2013
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272:. The impartiality of his censures, which he directed not only against the prevailing sins of the laity, but also against
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483:
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151:. After a brilliant course he graduated in 1358. In 1362 he was appointed teacher at the Deventer chapter school.
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315:. No time was lost in the effort to carry out the project, but Groote died before a foundation could be made.
19:
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At some period (perhaps 1381, perhaps earlier) he paid a visit of some days' duration to the famous mystic
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60:
629:, 1887, pt. ii. A sketch, with an account of Groote's writings, is given by L. Schulze in Herzog-Hauck,
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A movement known as the Modern
Devotion (Devotio Moderna) was founded in the Netherlands by Groote and
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The bishop was induced to issue an edict which prohibited from preaching all who were not in priestly
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334:. His translation was used innumerable times throughout the following centuries.
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589:. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 614–615.
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175:. In 1366 his countrymen sent him to Avignon on a secret mission to
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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100:, where his father held a good civic position. He studied at
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195:, who had remonstrated with him on the vanity of his life.
625:(1882), i. c. 5; and a shorter account in F. R. Cruise,
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307:, prior of the Augustinian canons at Groenendaal near
163:, teaching philosophy and theology, and was granted a
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supported him warmly, and got him to preach against
59:, who was a popular preacher and the founder of the
210:. Made in the 2nd half of the fifteenth century in
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131:conception of philosophy; in addition he studied
2066:
677:
352:, his favourite disciple, founded at Zwolle the
623:Thomas à Kempis and the Brothers of Common Life
400:Geert Groote College is located in Amsterdam.
663:
268:in the presence of the clergy assembled in
34:(October 1340 – 20 August 1384), otherwise
2120:Founders of Catholic religious communities
670:
656:
432:
430:
2085:14th-century deaths from plague (disease)
253:and elsewhere, was immense; according to
475:The Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages
206:book of hours, using the translation of
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84:Museum Geert Grote Huis, Deventer (2016)
79:
18:
2095:14th-century Roman Catholic theologians
427:
2067:
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1671:Wilhelm Emmanuel Freiherr von Ketteler
643:History of the Christian Church - CCEL
601:(English translation by J. P. Arthur,
571:
532:
530:
521:
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191:at Munnikhuizen (Monnikenhuizen) near
75:
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16:Dutch Renaissance humanist and mystic
611:of Johann Busch (ed. K Grube, 1886).
493:
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527:
108:when only fifteen. Here he studied
13:
2090:14th-century Roman Catholic clergy
477:, (Robert E. Bjork, ed.) OUP, 2010
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2031:
603:The Founders of the New Devotion
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989:Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite
499:"Middelnederlands getijdenboek"
338:The Brethren of the Common Life
313:Canons Regular of St. Augustine
702:History of the Catholic Church
621:sources, is in S. Kettlewell,
466:
159:Soon after, Groote settled in
1:
1351:Giovanni Pico della Mirandola
748:History of Christian theology
420:
295:, and an appeal by Groote to
127:'s, from whom he imbibed the
63:. He was a key figure in the
2115:Dutch Roman Catholic deacons
679:History of Catholic theology
284:, in which he declared that
70:
7:
2110:Dutch Renaissance humanists
403:
354:Brethren of the Common Life
344:Brethren of the Common Life
320:Brethren of the Common Life
61:Brethren of the Common Life
10:
2151:
1777:Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
1767:Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange
1052:Transubstantiation dispute
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617:An account, based on the
591:This work in turn cites:
542:25 September 2012 at the
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1691:Matthias Joseph Scheeben
884:Athanasius of Alexandria
776:First Epistle of Clement
202:Excerpt from a "simple"
183:, the learned and pious
2135:Scholastic philosophers
1802:Dietrich von Hildebrand
1666:Giovanni Maria Cornoldi
1540:Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet
1520:Mary of Jesus of Ágreda
1062:Paulinus II of Aquileia
1057:Predestination disputes
609:Chronicon Windeshemense
586:Encyclopædia Britannica
573:Butler, Edward Cuthbert
385:The Imitation of Christ
358:Windesheim Congregation
2130:Roman Catholic mystics
2038:Catholicism portal
1887:Hans Urs von Balthasar
1686:Tommaso Maria Zigliara
1626:Félicité de La Mennais
1305:The Cloud of Unknowing
806:The Shepherd of Hermas
214:
147:, and apparently some
85:
28:
2100:Burials in Overijssel
1812:Marie-Dominique Chenu
1731:Marie-Joseph Lagrange
1716:Désiré-Joseph Mercier
1600:Clement Mary Hofbauer
1595:Johann Michael Sailer
1022:Maximus the Confessor
714:History of the papacy
201:
83:
23:The beginning of the
22:
2125:People from Deventer
1988:Raniero Cantalamessa
1958:Alice von Hildebrand
1907:Edward Schillebeeckx
1585:Maria Gaetana Agnesi
1470:Lawrence of Brindisi
1400:Francisco de Vitoria
1190:Beatrice of Nazareth
1165:Hugh of Saint Victor
1145:Bernard of Clairvaux
1125:Anselm of Canterbury
1087:John Scotus Eriugena
1082:Paschasius Radbertus
929:Gregory of Nazianzus
823:Epistle to Diognetus
98:Bishopric of Utrecht
1963:Carlo Maria Martini
1927:Johann Baptist Metz
1897:Frederick Copleston
1721:Friedrich von Hügel
1681:Joseph Hergenröther
1661:Gaetano Sanseverino
1641:Ignaz von Döllinger
1565:Nicolas Malebranche
1405:Thomas of Villanova
1366:Counter-Reformation
1346:Girolamo Savonarola
1160:Hildegard of Bingen
969:Cyril of Alexandria
812:Aristides of Athens
799:Epistle of Barnabas
788:Ignatius of Antioch
726:Ecumenical councils
524:, pp. 614–615.
282:Publica Protestatio
106:University of Paris
104:, then went to the
88:He was born in the
76:Birth and education
1978:Alasdair MacIntyre
1857:Nouvelle théologie
1746:Thérèse of Lisieux
1590:Alfonso Muzzarelli
1530:Jean-Jacques Olier
1500:Tommaso Campanella
1415:Francisco de Osuna
1410:Ignatius of Loyola
1279:Catherine of Siena
1175:Robert Grosseteste
1072:Benedict of Aniane
1012:Isidore of Seville
954:Augustine of Hippo
919:Cyril of Jerusalem
914:Hilary of Poitiers
599:Vita Gerardi Magni
215:
86:
29:
2046:
2045:
1973:Gustavo Gutiérrez
1968:Pope Benedict XVI
1953:Pope John Paul II
1852:Josemaría Escrivá
1842:Henri Daniel-Rops
1726:Vladimir Solovyov
1706:Neo-scholasticism
1646:John Henry Newman
1580:Louis de Montfort
1575:Alphonsus Liguori
1570:Giambattista Vico
1505:Pierre de Bérulle
1491:French Revolution
1460:Robert Bellarmine
1440:John of the Cross
1326:Julian of Norwich
1284:Bridget of Sweden
1274:John of Ruusbroec
1264:William of Ockham
1180:Francis of Assisi
1170:Dominic de Guzmán
1140:Decretum Gratiani
1115:Berengar of Tours
1004:Early Middle Ages
974:Peter Chrysologus
924:Basil of Caesarea
909:Ephrem the Syrian
849:Antipope Novatian
350:Florence Radewyns
330:translation of a
322:. He died of the
262:bishop of Utrecht
123:under a pupil of
25:Book of the Hours
2142:
2060:
2054:
2036:
2035:
1877:Emmanuel Mounier
1872:Bernard Lonergan
1797:Georges Bernanos
1782:Jacques Maritain
1762:G. K. Chesterton
1651:Henri Lacordaire
1550:Cornelius Jansen
1545:François Fénelon
1475:Francis de Sales
1465:Francisco Suárez
1336:Nicholas of Cusa
1220:Siger of Brabant
1205:Boetius of Dacia
1185:Anthony of Padua
1130:Joachim of Fiore
1110:Gregory of Narek
1097:High Middle Ages
1042:John of Damascus
934:Gregory of Nyssa
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665:
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649:
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631:Realencyklopädie
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512:
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473:"Geert Groote",
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410:Florens Radewyns
377:Florens Radewyns
125:William of Occam
2150:
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2145:
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2105:Devotio Moderna
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2003:Jean-Luc Marion
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1741:Maurice Blondel
1636:Antonio Rosmini
1631:Luigi Taparelli
1609:
1535:Louis Thomassin
1510:Pierre Gassendi
1493:
1489:
1479:
1430:Teresa of Ávila
1368:
1364:
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1341:Marsilio Ficino
1331:Thomas à Kempis
1321:Devotio Moderna
1294:Johannes Tauler
1289:Meister Eckhart
1259:Dante Alighieri
1234:
1200:Albertus Magnus
1091:
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944:John Chrysostom
872:
868:
858:
771:Clement of Rome
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681:
676:
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627:Thomas à Kempis
595:Thomas à Kempis
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371:Devotio Moderna
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305:John Ruysbroeck
255:Thomas à Kempis
181:Henry de Calcar
171:and another in
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65:Devotio Moderna
47:Gerardus Magnus
27:of Geert Groote
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637:External links
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581:Chisholm, Hugh
577:Groot, Gerhard
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32:Gerard Groote
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1998:Peter Kreeft
1946:21st century
1937:Henri Nouwen
1847:Jean Guitton
1827:Fulton Sheen
1755:20th century
1656:Jaime Balmes
1614:19th century
1435:Luis de León
1316:Geert Groote
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1303:
1120:Peter Damian
959:John Cassian
899:Nestorianism
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506:. Retrieved
503:lib.ugent.be
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328:Middle Dutch
317:
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225:, Deventer,
216:
208:Geert Groote
207:
204:Middle Dutch
189:Charterhouse
177:Pope Urban V
158:
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39:
35:
31:
30:
2080:1384 deaths
2075:1340 births
2057:Butler 1911
2008:Tomáš Halík
1932:Jean Vanier
1917:René Girard
1902:Alfred Delp
1867:Yves Congar
1862:Karl Rahner
1837:Dorothy Day
1822:Edith Stein
1792:Ronald Knox
1390:John Fisher
1385:Thomas More
1362:Reformation
1254:Duns Scotus
1249:Ramon Llull
1242:and reforms
1230:Roger Bacon
1195:Bonaventure
1105:Roscellinus
894:Pelagianism
865:Constantine
688:Key figures
522:Butler 1911
461:Butler 1911
266:concubinage
2069:Categories
2018:Scott Hahn
1395:Johann Eck
1047:Iconoclasm
979:Pope Leo I
839:Tertullian
619:Britannica
508:2020-08-27
421:References
129:nominalist
113:philosophy
110:scholastic
67:movement.
1922:Hans Küng
1711:Léon Bloy
1701:Modernism
1554:Jansenism
1240:Mysticism
834:Montanism
575:(1911). "
231:Amsterdam
143:and even
141:astronomy
133:Canon law
90:Hanseatic
71:Biography
1454:Molinism
1032:Ecthesis
984:Boethius
889:Arianism
879:Eusebius
829:Irenaeus
793:Polycarp
707:Timeline
540:Archived
404:See also
309:Brussels
212:Brabant.
137:medicine
121:Sorbonne
117:theology
94:Deventer
54:Catholic
49:, was a
1375:Erasmus
1225:Thomism
964:Orosius
939:Ambrose
854:Cyprian
782:Didache
736:Vulgate
695:General
605:, 1905)
583:(ed.).
570::
553:Sources
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235:Haarlem
187:of the
169:Utrecht
165:prebend
161:Cologne
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949:Jerome
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579:". In
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324:plague
293:orders
278:simony
274:heresy
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223:Zwolle
219:deacon
193:Arnhem
173:Aachen
149:Hebrew
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57:deacon
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286:Jesus
270:synod
247:Delft
239:Gouda
185:prior
145:magic
92:city
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44:Latin
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480:ISBN
260:The
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