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1076:. It was likely the first home in California to have an interior chimney and fireplace. The building marks a turning point in the development of California adobe buildings. The distinctive broad roof that overhangs the second floor windows and the second story balcony are stylish as well as practical and became the standard for adobe buildings of the period. It is a
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The lands of each mission joined those of other missions on either side, so that all were connected, or, in other words, the missionaries occupied all the land along the coast, except the presidios, the three pueblos and their lands, and a few ranchos which were held by virtue of grants from the King
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in partnership with his friend, F.G. Thurston. He returned to Boston for a visit and felt like he didn't belong. His brother
William and he bought $ 5,000 in goods in the North and had them shipped to North Carolina. When Thurston tried to discredit Larkin, Larkin successfully turned back the attack
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In May 1853, they returned to San
Francisco where their health improved. They found good schools for the two youngest children and resumed their busy social and business lives. They built an opulent mansion and enjoyed the civic improvements that had taken place in San Francisco as a consequence of
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As a prominent figure in the occasional capital of a distant province of an occasionally unstable nation, Larkin stood in a position of influence that could easily have been his undoing if he chose the wrong side. The fact that he was able to survive through shifting administrations is testimony to
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Their new home soon acquired the reputation they had gained in
California for lavish hospitality. But the cold and damp eastern weather did not agree with them. Rachel and the children endured repeated bouts of illness. Thomas acquired an acute skin disease and was so ill for two months that
1910:
Frank Soule, John H. Gihon, James Nisbet; The annals of San
Francisco: containing a summary of the history of the first discovery, settlement, progress, and present condition of California and a complete history of all the important events connected with its great city; to which are added,
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and opened another store. He was appointed
Justice of the Peace, his first taste of government service, but he gave first priority to his business. He made money from the store, but was left $ 1,500 in debt by a sawmill operation. In 1830 he returned to Massachusetts, destitute.
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where her husband's ship was expected. Faced with the dilemma of explaining the child to her husband, she learned in
October that he had died the year before while at sea enroute from Acapulco to Lima, Peru. In January 1833, Rachel gave birth to a daughter she named Isabel Ann.
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in 1844. He never applied for
Mexican citizenship, which required conversion to Catholicism; instead he renewed his visa annually to maintain his legal status. As a non-citizen, he could not legally own land, but he managed to obtain land grants in the names of his children.
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The only other passenger was 24 year old Mrs. Rachel Hobson Holmes, who was traveling to Alta
California to join her husband, Captain A. C. Holmes, a Danish sea captain and international trader. During the months-long voyage the two had an intimate relationship. The
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to work in southern
California. He volunteered to go to Mexico City on behalf of the United States to work out a peaceful settlement, but Congress had already declared war by the time his letter arrived in Washington. Larkin had entered into a dialog with General
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throughout the province were attempting to repel the thinly spread out
California Battalion garrison troops and Navy forces. Larkin was captured outside of the city when, against advice, he tried to go to his deathly ill daughter, still in Monterey.
787:. Gillespie, after traveling in secret across Mexico and catching a ship to California, arrived early in June 1846 with the verbal messages from Polk. What was in the messages are unknown but the Bear Flag revolt came as a surprise to Larkin.
495:, the first of its kind on the West Coast. He pursued trading opportunities with Hawai'i and Mexico. In 1842 Larkin opened a second sawmill in Santa Cruz run by Josiah Belden. Larkin developed a reputation for his success in land speculation.
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since they left for New York. During this time Larkin pressed the Federal government for compensation for money he claimed he had spent on Naval supplies and for work on the Monterey Customs House and the wharf there, without satisfaction.
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worked to smooth over the situation. Jones was induced to submit a written apology to the angry Mexican officials and withdraw his troops. The Commodore was subsequently removed from his command, but U.S.–Mexican relations remained tense.
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In 1850 they moved to New York. They rented a comfortable suite at the Irving House, a hotel that was popular with Californians. In November they bought and renovated at great expense an eighteen-room home in a good neighborhood.
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epidemic. Determined to succeed, he persevered and obtained work as a clerk. He was extremely observant and critical of Southern business practices and disappointed at the few books available to the general population.
893:, Larkin had permanently settled in the San Francisco and was in the next few years able to reap a fortune from the economic boom that followed. It was as a representative from San Francisco that he served at the 1849
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On July 7, 1846, Commodore John D. Sloat entered Monterey Bay with three ships. His marines and "blue-jackets" (enlisted sailors) raised the American flag over the Customs House. Commodore (Rear Admiral)
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Larkin remained in Monterey, working as a clerk for his brother John B. R. Cooper. In early 1833, he sailed to Santa Barbara and was reunited with Hobson. They were married on board the American bark
1966:
From cowhides to golden fleece: A narrative of California, 1832–1858 : based upon unpublished correspondence of Thomas Oliver Larkin, trader, developer, promoter, and only American consul
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886:, but Larkin's business interests were in San Francisco and he sold out his share after a few years. As he took control of his own affairs, his relationship with Leidesdorff fell apart.
1121:. In 1846, William S. Johnson designated it as the first State of California Hall of Records for the newly formed County of Monterey. Johnson had his office and home in the building.
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began on 14 June 1846 and the General was captured and imprisoned by a band of Americans who had heard a rumor that the Mexican authorities were thinking of arresting all Americans.
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Larkin felt he had three options: marry a cousin in Massachusetts, get a job in the Washington DC post office, or join his brother in California. The first two did not materialize.
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At that time, all foreign ships had to stop at the port of Monterey to pay import/export tariffs and obtain permission to trade. Larkin was well-positioned to engage in trade with
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to apprentice as a bookbinder but disliked working for another man. His mother died in 1818 when he was 16. He had only one close family member remaining, his brother William.
390:, who persuaded him that Alta California was full of opportunity, and asked for his assistance with his business. In September 1831 Thomas left Boston in September 1831 on the
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shares a parcel of land with the Larkin House. Larkin built it in 1834 and made it available as a service to U.S. troops during the U.S. occupation of California. This small
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The apparently peaceful conquest of California soon began to fray at the edges in southern California. Revolts broke out in Los Angeles, and the occupation forces under
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The Larkin Papers: Personal, Business, and Official Correspondence of Thomas Oliver Larkin, Merchant and United States Consul in California. Index, Volume 11
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There were no accommodations in the small town and they both were guests at the Cooper house. Upon learning she was carrying Thomas' child, Rachel moved to
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On April 8, 1808, at age 6, Larkin's father died, and in 1813 Larkin's mother moved the family to Lynn, Massachusetts. At the age of 15, Larkin went to
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In Monterey, Larkin found the economics of land and commerce were controlled by the Spanish missions, presidios, pueblos, and a few ranchos.
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fled south. Commodore Stockton, the senior military officer in California, appointed Larkin as Naval agent, and Larkin returned to Monterey.
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They had eight more children, five of whom survived to adulthood. Their son Thomas Oliver, Jr., born in Monterey on April 13, 1834, was the
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newspapers mistakenly announced his death. When he finally began to recover, Rachel, who had helped doctor him, collapsed from exhaustion.
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of Spain.... The missionaries objected to any settlements in the country but the missions; the presidios they regarded as a necessary evil.
858:) from General Castro's side. He was later imprisoned in Los Angeles and was not reunited with his family until after the signing of the
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and other foreign residents of the Monterey area, and was not one of those sent to prison in chains in 1840. Larkin loaned money to
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Larkin joined the force sailing for southern California which by August 13, had peacefully occupied San Diego, California and
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and his 30-40 men were driven out. José Castro returned, and Larkin moved his family to Yerba Buena (San Francisco) as the
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17:
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1015:, April 30, 1807 – San Francisco, October 29, 1873), the daughter of Daniel and Eliza Hobson, on June 10, 1833. Children:
1589:"National Historic Landmark District and Downtown Area Context Statement and Reconnaissance Survey Monterey, California"
686:, who landed Marines to take over Monterey in the mistaken belief that war had broken out between the United States and
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during the Mexican era and was covertly involved in U.S. plans to annex California from Mexico. Following the American
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to begin working covertly to assure all concerned that the United States would support any attempt at secession from
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Larkin Street in San Francisco is named for him. An elementary school in Monterey, now closed, was named for him.
540:, the United States and other countries. British and American trade with China came to the Pacific Coast by way of
1045:, d. February 2, 1862; (2) October 10, 1862 to William Sampson Tams, son of Sampson and Ann Hennessey (Deas) Tams
969:. In his last years, Larkin engaged in land speculation and was thought by some to be the richest man in America.
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Now free to own land in his own name, Larkin turned his attention to his new opportunities. In partnership with
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Carolina Ann (Monterey, March 24, 1842 – 1891) m. (1) November 3, 1860 to William Lindzey Hamilton b. 1832 at
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born of American parents in California, his elder half-sister being the result of his mother's first marriage.
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In 1819, he changed employer, but this did not resolve his dissatisfaction. On October 21, 1821 he sailed to
1923:
Rafael Gorney, Diary of Rafael Gorney, in Historical Society of Southern California, Sept. 1963, p. 265
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on his character, but when William died on September 4, 1825, Larkin lost interest in the business venture.
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311:. Larkin's mother was married three times, to Thomas Cooper, Thomas Oliver Larkin, and Amariah Childs.
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Larkin bought a large piece of property on Calle Principal between Jefferson and Madison Streets, in
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710:. The following year, he thwarted a British attempt to acquire California while he was assisting the
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1275:"Monterey County Historical Society, Local History Pages--Biography of Thomas O. Larkin (1802-1858)"
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which ended four months of skirmishes. His daughter Sophia Adeline died while he was a captive.
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1072:. In 1834 he opened a store on the property and began building a home on it, now known as the
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as Vice Consul in San Francisco, thus relieving himself of some of the burden of the office.
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After some success and several business failures on the east coast, his elder half-brother,
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Early in 1850, he built the first brick building in San Francisco at 1116 Stockton Street.
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518:. Larkin also built the first wharf at Monterey harbor and was commissioned to rebuild the
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born of American parents in California. Holmes was the first American woman in California.
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1978:
8:
1672:"Larkin House--American Latino Heritage: A Discover Our Shared Heritage Travel Itinerary"
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Thomas Oliver, Jr., (Monterey, April 13, 1834 – San Francisco, July, 1898), named as the
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WPA Writers' Program of the Work Projects Administration in Southern California (1941).
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The successful conclusion to the affair brought Larkin to the attention of officials in
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Stockton appointed Fremont commander of the volunteer militia formed around his 60-man
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Sutter's Mill in 1851, where gold was first discovered in California, January 19, 1848
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252:, invited him to join him in on the west coast, propelling him to success and wealth.
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William Ensign Lincoln, Some descendants of Stephen Lincoln of Wymondham, England...
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in 1834. In 1835 he built the first two-story house in California, a combination of
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1660:. October 29, 1858. p. 1 – via California Digital Newspaper Collection.
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First and last consul: Thomas Oliver Larkin and the Americanization of California
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1342:. North Carolina Historical Review (October 1937). (accessed August 14, 2014).
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359:% of the cargo sale. The drunk captain cheated him and Larkin was never paid.
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1991:
1539:"Thomas Oliver Larkin and Larkin House - The Original Monterey Walking Tours"
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to the Presidency in 1845, war with Mexico seemed unavoidable. Larkin hired
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Rayner Wickersham Kelsey, Ph.D., the United States Consulate in California
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Roger D. Joslyn, ed., Vital Records of Charlestown, Mass. to the year 1850
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with the goal of arranging a peaceful annexation of California when the
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582: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1566:. Raleigh : North Carolina Historical Commission. p. 325-342
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and California building materials and methods that is today known as
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Early in 1846, Larkin received instructions from Secretary of State
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1953:
Thomas O. Larkin: A Life of Patriotism and Profit in Old California
1250:
Thomas O. Larkin: A Life of Patriotism and Profit in Old California
1203:
Thomas O. Larkin: A Life of Patriotism and Profit in Old California
1182:. Lawyers Co-operative Publishing Company – via Google Books.
1154:
Testimonios: Early California Through the Eyes of Women, 1815–1848
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Sophia Adeline (June 20, 1843 – San Francisco, November 28, 1846)
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In 1842, Monterey was surprised by the actions of U.S. Commodore
662:, he did not involve himself with Alvarado's accusations against
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1926:
Rockwell Dennis Hunt, California and Californians Vol 3: 127–28
233:(September 16, 1802 – October 27, 1858), known later in life in
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Francis Rogers (January 28, 1840 – San Francisco, July 7, 1874)
882:, he established the city at the Carquinez Straits that became
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in 1834 (or 1840). The building was used as the first State of
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1464:
San Diego History Center | San Diego, CA | Our City, Our Story
1941:
Myrtle Garrison, Romance & History of California Ranchos
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1911:
biographical memoirs of some prominent citizens p. 758
1369:"Thomas Oliver Larkin in 1831: A Letter from North Carolina"
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William Rogers (August 25, 1835 – Monterey, January 6, 1836)
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fever and died within a week. He was buried in what was the
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appointed Larkin as the first (and last) American consul to
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Henry Rogers (May 26, 1838 – Monterey, November 18, 1838)
307:, and his grandfather, Ebenezer Larkin, took part in the
1968:. Stanford University, Calif: Stanford University Press.
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government in building a smallpox hospital in Monterey.
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Isabel Ann (Santa Barbara, January, 1833 – July, 1833)
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on the same property. It served as headquarters for
799:a week later as commander of the Pacific Squadron.
674:, which he lost when the Governor was overthrown by
1032:
Frederick Hobson (December 23, 1836 – May 14, 1869)
1367:Parker, R. J.; Larkin, T. O. (September 1, 1937).
386:He received a letter from his older half-brother,
1618:Bear Flag Rising: The Conquest of California 1846
1157:. University of Oklahoma Press. August 10, 2015.
1989:
2063:Burials at Laurel Hill Cemetery (San Francisco)
1957:Larkin, T. O., & In Hawgood, J. A. (1962).
1522:"Mails of the Westward Expansion, 1803 to 1861"
1091:building served as headquarters for Lieutenant
1011:Thomas Oliver Larkin married Rachel M. Hobson (
2038:Deaths from typhoid fever in the United States
945:Larkin acquired several land grants including
771:with secret messages to U.S. Consul Larkin in
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1178:Court, United States Supreme (July 2, 1918).
241:, was an American diplomat and businessman.
27:American businessman and diplomat (1802–1858)
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989:in San Francisco, but he is now interred at
1638:"Larkin's Gold Rush letters to his friends"
1851:Historic Landmarks of Monterey, California
1782:Dawn and the Dons; the Romance of Monterey
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850:. En route, he witnessed the inconclusive
435:before arriving in San Francisco and then
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203: 1833–1858)
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1724:"The WPA guide to the Monterey Peninsula"
1598:. Monterey, California. February 21, 2012
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810:. He dispatched 160 of the forces on the
642:Learn how and when to remove this message
468:, on June 10, 1833. The U. S. Consul for
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
1961:. San Marino, Calif: Huntington Library.
1932:Los Angeles Blue Book, 1956, p. 441
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747:. Toward this end, he secretly employed
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43:This article includes a list of general
2028:American people of the Bear Flag Revolt
2003:Foreign residents of Mexican California
1785:. The Bruce Brouch Press. p. 217.
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1419:California Historical Society Quarterly
1413:Larkin, Thomas Oliver (March 1, 1937).
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299:'s famous ride. He was a descendant of
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1990:
1935:Los Angeles Herald Express, 1948-07-31
1929:Pioneer, v. 13, p. 107, Aug. 1898
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1412:
1322:"Larkin, Thomas Oliver | NCpedia"
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1051:Alfred Otis (Monterey, April 10, 1847)
816:to occupy San Diego and Los Angeles.
658:Despite being a supporter of Governor
401:. The journey via sailing ship around
345:. He was to be paid $ 20 a month plus
2053:Burials at Cypress Lawn Memorial Park
1495:Stapp, Cheryl Anne (March 10, 2021).
1494:
1246:
1201:Harlan Hague, David J. Langum, 1995,
1180:"United States Supreme Court Reports"
1177:
1080:and California Historical Landmark.
806:and the Bear Flag Republicans as the
2058:19th-century American businesspeople
2008:People of the Conquest of California
1979:Guide to the Thomas O. Larkin Papers
1778:
1772:
1716:
1563:The North Carolina Historical Review
580:adding citations to reliable sources
551:
491:In 1834 he built a "double geared"
29:
1951:Hague, Harlan and David J. Langum,
1917:Eldredge MS Padrone, Monterey, 1836
1730:. Tucson, Arizona. 1989. p. 86
997:. An obituary was published in the
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24:
1945:
1920:Grizzly Bear, May 1928, p. 58
1823:"Exploring the Monterey Peninsula"
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362:In June 1822 he opened a store in
273:Monterey Constitutional Convention
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
2074:
2043:Businesspeople from San Francisco
1972:
1876:Monterey Peninsula The Golden Age
1460:"History of San Diego, 1542-1908"
1223:"Larkin, Thomas Oliver | NCpedia"
1006:
325:. The town was deserted due to a
2048:People from Monterey, California
1620:; Tom Doherty Associates; 1999;
1497:"Rachel Larkin, Diplomat's Wife"
1253:. University of Oklahoma Press.
1205:, University of Oklahoma Press,
1110:, Secretary of State. After the
1095:and military secretary of state
804:Corps of Topographical Engineers
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34:
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567:needs additional citations for
275:in 1849 and a signatory of the
271:, Larkin was a delegate to the
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169:Merchant, politician, landowner
2033:American expatriates in Mexico
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977:On October 27, 1858, while at
508:Monterey Colonial architecture
421:Monterey Colonial architecture
333:He contracted for a voyage to
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13:
1:
1415:"My Itinerary: U. S. America"
846:Larkin was forced to ride to
2023:American emigrants to Mexico
1848:Andresen, Anna Geil (1917).
1247:Hague, Harlan (March 1995).
516:Monterey State Historic Park
214:Thomas Larkin and Ann Rogers
7:
1873:Coventry, Kim Geil (2002).
1728:University of Arizona Press
1652:"Death of Thomas O. Larkin"
763:In 1846, Marine Lieutenant
295:who provided the horse for
10:
2079:
1904:
1340:A Yankee in North Carolina
1078:National Historic Landmark
991:Cypress Lawn Memorial Park
955:Rancho Cienega del Gabilan
906:Cypress Lawn Memorial Park
732:
323:Wilmington, North Carolina
289:Charlestown, Massachusetts
277:Constitution of California
255:Larkin served as the only
127:Charlestown, Massachusetts
1964:Underhill, R. L. (1939).
1754:Curtis Publishing Company
1167:– via Google Books.
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895:Constitutional Convention
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1093:William Tecumseh Sherman
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967:Rancho Larkin's Children
1560:Parker, Robert (1924).
1104:House of the Four Winds
932:Return to San Francisco
684:Thomas ap Catesby Jones
655:his political skills.
524:House of the Four Winds
382:Move to Alta California
64:more precise citations.
1829:. Monterey, California
1750:"Ladies' Home Journal"
1657:Sacramento Daily Union
1119:Juan Bautista Alvarado
1102:Larkin also built the
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1013:Ipswich, Massachusetts
1000:Sacramento Daily Union
912:
875:
767:was sent by President
660:Juan Bautista Alvarado
457:
423:
265:Conquest of California
1854:. Salinas Index Press
1063:
1003:on October 29, 1858.
903:
873:
793:Robert Field Stockton
460:Marriage and children
452:
419:, a prime example of
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399:hide and tallow trade
309:Battle of Bunker Hill
303:, a passenger on the
161:Mexico, United States
1983:The Bancroft Library
1779:Ford, Tirey (1926).
1698:"Monterey Peninsula"
1596:The City of Monterey
1112:Mexican–American War
1070:Monterey, California
1064:Larkin House in 1959
987:Laurel Hill Cemetery
939:California Gold Rush
897:, held in Monterey.
866:California statehood
808:California Battalion
773:Monterey, California
576:improve this article
417:Monterey, California
337:in February 1822 as
269:Mexican-American War
248:pioneer businessman
231:Thomas Oliver Larkin
190:Rachel Hobson Holmes
177:Only U.S. consul to
98:Thomas Oliver Larkin
18:Thomas Oliver Larkin
1998:California pioneers
1541:. November 29, 2017
1099:from 1847 to 1849.
891:gold was discovered
852:Battle of Natividad
836:Archibald Gillespie
765:Archibald Gillespie
723:William Leidesdorff
431:made a stopover in
405:took seven months.
287:Larkin was born in
267:and the end of the
1640:. August 17, 2018.
1373:California History
1338:Parker, Robert J.
1293:"Thomas O. Larkin"
1066:
979:Colusa, California
913:
904:Larkin's grave at
876:
860:Treaty of Cahuenga
591:"Thomas O. Larkin"
424:
150:Colusa, California
116:September 16, 1802
1827:Monterey Research
1616:Walker, Dale L.;
1501:Cheryl Anne Stapp
1211:978-0-8061-2733-0
1024:first white child
995:Colma, California
910:Colma, California
717:With the rise of
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651:
644:
626:
498:Larkin built the
481:first white child
474:John Coffin Jones
397:, engaged in the
250:Juan B. R. Cooper
239:Don Tomás Larquin
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1085:Sherman Quarters
981:, he contracted
919:Move to New York
781:Pacific Squadron
758:Bear Flag Revolt
735:Bear Flag Revolt
729:Bear Flag Revolt
692:William Hartnell
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779:commanding the
754:Mariano Vallejo
737:
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704:President Tyler
648:
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531:Hall of Records
522:. He built the
514:is now part of
489:
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956:
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916:
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880:Robert Semple
872:
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844:
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777:John D. Sloat
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719:James K. Polk
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593: –
592:
588:
587:Find sources:
581:
577:
571:
570:
565:This section
563:
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444:Santa Barbara
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166:Occupation(s)
164:
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111:
107:
102:
95:
92:
84:
81:
73:
70:November 2018
63:
59:
53:
52:
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41:
32:
31:
19:
1965:
1958:
1952:
1890:. Retrieved
1875:
1868:
1856:. Retrieved
1850:
1843:
1831:. Retrieved
1826:
1817:
1805:. Retrieved
1803:. 1432516302
1781:
1774:
1762:. Retrieved
1757:
1753:
1744:
1732:. Retrieved
1727:
1718:
1706:. Retrieved
1701:
1691:
1679:. Retrieved
1675:
1666:
1655:
1646:
1632:
1617:
1612:
1600:. Retrieved
1595:
1568:. Retrieved
1562:
1555:
1543:. Retrieved
1516:
1504:. Retrieved
1500:
1467:. Retrieved
1463:
1454:
1442:. Retrieved
1425:(1): 11–29.
1422:
1418:
1408:
1396:. Retrieved
1376:
1372:
1334:
1325:
1287:
1278:
1269:
1249:
1242:
1230:. Retrieved
1226:
1217:
1202:
1197:
1188:
1173:
1153:
1147:
1136:
1123:
1101:
1082:
1074:Larkin House
1067:
1043:Philadelphia
1010:
998:
976:
944:
935:
926:
922:
914:
889:By the time
888:
877:
845:
833:
818:
812:
801:
789:
775:, Commodore
762:
749:Abel Stearns
738:
716:
697:
681:
672:Micheltorena
664:Isaac Graham
657:
653:
638:
629:
619:
612:
605:
598:
586:
574:Please help
569:verification
566:
535:
512:Larkin House
497:
490:
478:
465:
463:
453:
449:
441:
428:
425:
413:Larkin House
394:
388:John Cooper
385:
377:
370:He moved to
369:
361:
342:
341:of the ship
332:
327:Yellow Fever
320:
313:
286:
254:
243:
238:
230:
229:
91:
76:
67:
48:
2018:1858 deaths
2013:1802 births
1879:. Arcadia.
1702:J.L. Delkin
1676:www.nps.gov
951:Rancho Boga
840:Californios
825:José Castro
821:Los Angeles
520:Customhouse
504:New England
297:Paul Revere
293:John Larkin
283:Early years
257:U.S. consul
158:Citizenship
62:introducing
1992:Categories
1892:August 10,
1858:August 10,
1807:August 12,
1764:August 12,
1760:: 31. 1916
1708:August 12,
1602:August 11,
823:. General
769:James Polk
700:Washington
602:newspapers
528:California
493:flour mill
364:Wilmington
339:supercargo
142:1858-10-28
120:1802-09-16
45:references
1833:August 9,
1801:11930655M
1734:August 9,
1506:April 14,
813:USS Cyane
795:replaced
632:July 2023
466:Volunteer
429:Newcastle
403:Cape Horn
395:Newcastle
305:Mayflower
219:Relatives
211:Parent(s)
1439:25160685
1393:25160727
829:PĂo Pico
676:Alvarado
668:Alvarado
437:Monterey
372:Rockfish
1905:Sources
1704:: 9, 86
1681:July 3,
1570:July 4,
1545:July 4,
1469:July 2,
1444:July 4,
1398:July 4,
1232:July 2,
983:typhoid
884:Benicia
856:Salinas
712:Mexican
616:scholar
542:Hawai'i
470:Hawai'i
433:Hawai'i
354:⁄
335:Bermuda
235:Spanish
205:
197:
193:
140: (
118: (
58:improve
1883:
1799:
1789:
1624:
1437:
1391:
1257:
1209:
1161:
1056:Legacy
965:, and
854:(near
745:Mexico
688:Mexico
618:
611:
604:
597:
589:
538:Mexico
316:Boston
185:Spouse
152:, U.S.
129:, U.S.
47:, but
1592:(PDF)
1435:JSTOR
1389:JSTOR
1128:Notes
1089:adobe
973:Death
797:Sloat
623:JSTOR
609:books
343:Susan
199:(
195:
1894:2022
1881:ISBN
1860:2022
1835:2022
1809:2022
1787:ISBN
1766:2022
1736:2022
1710:2022
1683:2023
1622:ISBN
1604:2022
1572:2023
1547:2023
1508:2022
1471:2023
1446:2023
1400:2023
1255:ISBN
1234:2023
1207:ISBN
1159:ISBN
1083:The
937:the
783:and
595:news
392:brig
135:Died
113:Born
1981:at
1427:doi
1381:doi
993:in
578:by
533:.
415:in
279:.
259:to
237:as
1994::
1825:.
1797:OL
1795:.
1758:33
1756:.
1752:.
1726:.
1700:.
1674:.
1654:.
1594:.
1580:^
1530:^
1499:.
1479:^
1462:.
1433:.
1423:16
1421:.
1417:.
1387:.
1377:16
1375:.
1371:.
1347:^
1324:.
1301:^
1277:.
1225:.
961:,
957:,
953:,
949:,
908:,
544:.
510:.
472:,
201:m.
1896:.
1862:.
1837:.
1811:.
1768:.
1738:.
1712:.
1685:.
1606:.
1574:.
1549:.
1524:.
1510:.
1473:.
1448:.
1429::
1402:.
1383::
1328:.
1295:.
1281:.
1263:.
1236:.
645:)
639:(
634:)
630:(
620:·
613:·
606:·
599:·
572:.
356:2
352:1
349:+
347:2
144:)
122:)
83:)
77:(
72:)
68:(
54:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
