Yellow fever - Knowledge

1949:, then director general of public health, resulted not only in eradicating the disease but also in reshaping the physical landscape of Brazilian cities such as Rio de Janeiro. During rainy seasons, Rio de Janeiro had regularly suffered floods, as water from the bay surrounding the city overflowed into Rio's narrow streets. Coupled with the poor drainage systems found throughout Rio, this created swampy conditions in the city's neighborhoods. Pools of stagnant water stood year-long in city streets and proved to be a fertile ground for disease-carrying mosquitoes. Thus, under Cruz's direction, public health units known as "mosquito inspectors" fiercely worked to combat yellow fever throughout Rio by spraying, exterminating rats, improving drainage, and destroying unsanitary housing. Ultimately, the city's sanitation and renovation campaigns reshaped Rio de Janeiro's neighborhoods. Its poor residents were pushed from city centers to Rio's suburbs, or to towns found in the outskirts of the city. In later years, Rio's most impoverished inhabitants would come to reside in 1180:

previous vaccination of foreign visitors who have passed through yellow fever areas. Vaccination has to be proved by a vaccination certificate, which is valid 10 days after the vaccination and lasts for 10 years. Although the WHO on 17 May 2013 advised that subsequent booster vaccinations are unnecessary, an older (than 10 years) certificate may not be acceptable at all border posts in all affected countries. A list of the countries that require yellow fever vaccination is published by the WHO. If the vaccination cannot be given for some reason, dispensation may be possible. In this case, an exemption certificate issued by a WHO-approved vaccination center is required. Although 32 of 44 countries where yellow fever occurs endemically do have vaccination programmes, in many of these countries, less than 50% of their population is vaccinated.

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discovery in his personal correspondence. The acceptance of Finlay's work was one of the most important and far-reaching effects of the U.S. Army Yellow Fever Commission of 1900. Applying methods first suggested by Finlay, the United States government and Army eradicated yellow fever in Cuba and later in Panama, allowing completion of the Panama Canal. While Reed built on the research of Finlay, historian François Delaporte notes that yellow fever research was a contentious issue. Scientists, including Finlay and Reed, became successful by building on the work of less prominent scientists, without always giving them the credit they were due. Reed's research was essential in the fight against yellow fever. He is also credited for using the first type of

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use in homes produce reductions in cases of both malaria and yellow fever. Use of EPA-registered insect repellent is recommended when outdoors. Exposure for even a short time is enough for a potential mosquito bite. Long-sleeved clothing, long pants, and socks are useful for prevention. The application of larvicides to water-storage containers can help eliminate potential mosquito breeding sites. EPA-registered insecticide spray decreases the transmission of yellow fever.

430: 68: 2045: 2031: 840:(in South America) serve as vectors. In the jungle, the mosquitoes infect mainly nonhuman primates; the disease is mostly asymptomatic in African primates. In South America, the sylvatic cycle is currently the only way unvaccinated humans can become infected, which explains the low incidence of yellow fever cases on the continent. People who become infected in the jungle can carry the virus to urban areas, where 1632: : 181–215. The term "yellow fever" appears on p. 186. On p. 188, Mitchell mentions "... the distemper was what is generally called yellow fever in America." However, on pages 191–192, he states "... I shall consider the cause of the yellowness which is so remarkable in this distemper, as to have given it the name of the Yellow Fever. Unfortunately, Mitchell misidentified the cause of 10327: 10315: 1382:

the South American genotypes appears to be 1822 (95% confidence interval 1701 to 1911). The historical record shows an outbreak of yellow fever occurred in Recife, Brazil, between 1685 and 1690. The disease seems to have disappeared, with the next outbreak occurring in 1849. It was likely introduced with the trafficking of slaves through the

1444:. Genotype I originated in the northern Brazilian region around 1908 (95% highest posterior density interval : 1870–1936). Genotype II originated in Peru in 1920 (95% HPD: 1867–1958). The estimated rate of mutation for both genotypes was about 5 × 10 substitutions/site/year, similar to that of other RNA viruses. 1670:

to Saint-Domingue to seize control after a slave revolt. The historian J. R. McNeill asserts that yellow fever accounted for about 35,000 to 45,000 casualties of these forces during the fighting. Only one-third of the French troops survived for withdrawal and return to France. Napoleon gave up on the

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mosquito, which can sustain urban outbreaks that can spread rapidly. In April 2017, the sylvatic outbreak continued moving toward the Brazilian coast, where most people were unvaccinated. By the end of May the outbreak appeared to be declining after more than 3,000 suspected cases, 758 confirmed and

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In South America, two genotypes have been identified (South American genotypes I and II). Based on phylogenetic analysis these two genotypes appear to have originated in West Africa and were first introduced into Brazil. The date of introduction of the predecessor African genotype which gave rise to

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Some countries in Asia are considered to be potentially in danger of yellow fever epidemics, as both mosquitoes with the capability to transmit yellow fever as well as susceptible monkeys are present. The disease does not yet occur in Asia. To prevent introduction of the virus, some countries demand

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Demand for yellow fever vaccine has continued to increase due to the growing number of countries implementing yellow fever vaccination as part of their routine immunization programmes. Recent upsurges in yellow fever outbreaks in Angola (2015), the Democratic Republic of Congo (2016), Uganda (2016),

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exists, and some countries require vaccinations for travelers. Other efforts to prevent infection include reducing the population of the transmitting mosquitoes. In areas where yellow fever is common, early diagnosis of cases and immunization of large parts of the population are important to prevent

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The planets were in the same line as the sun and earth and this produced, besides Cyclones, Earthquakes, etc., a denser atmosphere holding more carbon and creating microbes. Mars had an uncommonly dense atmosphere, but its inhabitants were probably protected from the fever by their newly discovered

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In 1878, about 20,000 people died in a widespread epidemic in the Mississippi River Valley. That year, Memphis had an unusually large amount of rain, which led to an increase in the mosquito population. The result was a huge epidemic of yellow fever. The steamship John D. Porter took people fleeing

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s officers and men died, including John Cadle, surgeon USN. Seventy-four of these deaths were attributed to yellow fever. Biddle reported that another 52 of his crew were on sick-list. In their report to the secretary of the Navy, Biddle and Surgeon's Mate Charles Chase stated the cause as "fever".

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The evolutionary origins of yellow fever most likely lie in Africa, with transmission of the disease from nonhuman primates to humans. The virus is thought to have originated in East or Central Africa and spread from there to West Africa. As it was endemic in Africa, local populations had developed

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In 2013, yellow fever was estimated to have caused 130,000 severe infections and 78,000 deaths in Africa. Approximately 90 percent of an estimated 200,000 cases of yellow fever per year occur in Africa. Nearly a billion people live in an area of the world where the disease is common. It is common

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Up to one in four people experience fever, aches, and local soreness and redness at the site of injection. In rare cases (less than one in 200,000 to 300,000), the vaccination can cause yellow fever vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease, which is fatal in 60% of cases. It is probably due to the

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Personal prevention of yellow fever includes vaccination and avoidance of mosquito bites in areas where yellow fever is endemic. Institutional measures for prevention of yellow fever include vaccination programmes and measures to control mosquitoes. Programmes for distribution of mosquito nets for

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exonuclease XRN1. The UTR contains PKS3 pseudoknot structure, which serves as a molecular signal to stall the exonuclease and is the only viral requirement for subgenomic flavivirus RNA (sfRNA) production. The sfRNAs are a result of incomplete degradation of the viral genome by the exonuclease and

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in tropical and subtropical areas of South America and Africa. Worldwide, about 600 million people live in endemic areas. The WHO estimates 200,000 cases of yellow fever worldwide each year. About 15% of people infected with yellow fever progress to a severe form of the illness, and up to half of

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has returned to the urban centers of South America. This is partly due to limitations on available insecticides, as well as habitat dislocations caused by climate change. It is also because the vector control program was abandoned. Although no new urban cycle has yet been established, scientists

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Although Reed has received much of the credit in United States history books for "beating" yellow fever, he had fully credited Finlay with the discovery of the yellow fever vector, and how it might be controlled. Reed often cited Finlay's papers in his own articles, and also credited him for the

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undertook an expensive and successful yellow fever eradication campaign in Mexico. The IHB gained the respect of Mexico's federal government because of the success. The eradication of yellow fever strengthened the relationship between the US and Mexico, which had not been very good in the years

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and the surrounding region. West Africa genotype I appears to be especially infectious, as it is often associated with major outbreaks. The three genotypes found outside of Nigeria and Angola occur in areas where outbreaks are rare. Two outbreaks, in Kenya (1992–1993) and Sudan (2003 and 2005),

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of the vaccine is being considered as a dose-sparing strategy to maximize limited vaccine supplies. Fractional dose yellow fever vaccination refers to administration of a reduced volume of vaccine dose, which has been reconstituted as per manufacturer recommendations. The first practical use of

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and travel history. Mild cases of the disease can only be confirmed virologically. Since mild cases of yellow fever can also contribute significantly to regional outbreaks, every suspected case of yellow fever (involving symptoms of fever, pain, nausea, and vomiting 6–10 days after leaving the

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In March 2017, the WHO launched a vaccination campaign in Brazil with 3.5 million doses from an emergency stockpile. In March 2017 the WHO recommended vaccination for travellers to certain parts of Brazil. In March 2018, Brazil shifted its policy and announced it planned to vaccinate all

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fractional dose yellow fever vaccination was in response to a large yellow fever outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in mid-2016. Available evidence shows that fractional dose yellow fever vaccination induces a level of immune response similar to that of the standard full dose.

1397:. Real-time phylogenetic investigations at the epicentre of the outbreak revealed that the outbreak was caused by the introduction of a virus lineage from the Amazon region into the southeast region around July 2016, spreading rapidly across several neotropical monkey species, including 704:(ER) and in the so-called vesicle packets. At first, an immature form of the virus particle is produced inside the ER, whose M-protein is not yet cleaved to its mature form, so is denoted as precursor M (prM) and forms a complex with protein E. The immature particles are processed in the 1157:

alliance and governmental organizations in Europe and Africa. According to the WHO, mass vaccination cannot eliminate yellow fever because of the vast number of infected mosquitoes in urban areas of the target countries, but it will significantly reduce the number of people infected.

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and spread to neighboring countries before being contained by a massive vaccination campaign. In March and April 2016, 11 imported cases of the Angola genotype in unvaccinated Chinese nationals were reported in China, the first appearance of the disease in Asia in recorded history.

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in tropical areas of the continents of South America and Africa, but not in Asia. Since the 1980s, the number of cases of yellow fever has been increasing. This is believed to be due to fewer people being immune, more people living in cities, people moving frequently, and

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is recommended for those traveling to affected areas, because non-native people tend to develop more severe illness when infected. Protection begins by the 10th day after vaccine administration in 95% of people, and had been reported to last for at least 10 years. The

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Yellow fever begins after an incubation period of three to six days. Most cases cause only mild infection with fever, headache, chills, back pain, fatigue, loss of appetite, muscle pain, nausea, and vomiting. In these cases, the infection lasts only three to six days.

959:(compared to an earlier sample) can confirm yellow fever. Together with clinical symptoms, the detection of IgM or a four-fold increase in IgG titer is considered sufficient indication for yellow fever. As these tests can cross-react with other flaviviruses, such as 2532:

Goes de Jesus, Jaqueline; Gräf, Tiago; Giovanetti, Marta; Mares-Guia, Maria Angélica; Xavier, Joilson; Lima Maia, Maricelia; Fonseca, Vagner; Fabri, Allison; dos Santos, Roberto Fonseca; Mota Pereira, Felicidade; Ferraz Oliveira Santos, Leandro (11 August 2020).

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breeds preferentially in water, for example, in installations by inhabitants of areas with precarious drinking water supplies, or in domestic refuse, especially tires, cans, and plastic bottles. These conditions are common in urban areas in developing countries.

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was seven times that of garrisons in Canada, mostly because of yellow fever and other tropical diseases. Both English and French forces posted there were seriously affected by the "yellow jack." Wanting to regain control of the lucrative sugar trade in

4534:"Altered enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay immunoglobulin M (IgM)/IgG optical density ratios can correctly classify all primary or secondary dengue virus infections 1 day after the onset of symptoms, when all of the viruses can be isolated" 2111:, a related virus. Because ribavirin had failed to improve survival in a virulent rhesus model of yellow fever infection, it had been previously discounted as a possible therapy. Infection was reduced in mosquitoes with the wMel strain of 1145:

genetic morphology of the immune system. Another possible side effect is an infection of the nervous system, which occurs in one in 200,000 to 300,000 cases, causing yellow fever vaccine-associated neurotropic disease, which can lead to

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Memphis northward in hopes of escaping the disease, but passengers were not allowed to disembark due to concerns of spreading yellow fever. The ship roamed the Mississippi River for the next two months before unloading her passengers.

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populations, using lesser amounts of pesticide because it targets the pest directly. Curtains and lids of water tanks can be sprayed with insecticides, but application inside houses is not recommended by the WHO. Insecticide-treated

1825:. In 1873, Shreveport, Louisiana, lost 759 citizens in an 80-day period to a yellow fever epidemic, with over 400 additional victims eventually succumbing. The total death toll from August through November was approximately 1,200. 1640:

However, Dr. Mitchell misdiagnosed the disease that he observed and treated, and the disease was probably Weil's disease or hepatitis. McNeill argues that the environmental and ecological disruption caused by the introduction of

1061:, one of the mosquitoes that transmit yellow fever virus, feeds during the daytime. Staying in accommodations with screened or air-conditioned rooms, particularly during peak biting times, also reduces the risk of mosquito bites. 409:

Yellow fever can lead to death for 20% to 50% of those who develop severe disease. Jaundice, fatigue, heart rhythm problems, seizures and internal bleeding may also appear as complications of yellow fever during recovery time.

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and more recently in Nigeria and Brazil in 2017 have further increased demand, while straining global vaccine supply. Therefore, to vaccinate susceptible populations in preventive mass immunization campaigns during outbreaks,

1797:, had a late-summer outbreak of yellow fever that quickly killed 68 of the 91 inhabitants. A local doctor concluded that some unspecified infectious agent had arrived in a package from New Orleans. In 1854, 650 residents of 1645:

created the conditions for mosquito and viral reproduction, and subsequent outbreaks of yellow fever. Deforestation reduced populations of insectivorous birds and other creatures that fed on mosquitoes and their eggs.

796:, that is, the transmission from a female mosquito to its eggs and then larvae, are indicated. This infection of vectors without a previous blood meal seems to play a role in single, sudden breakouts of the disease. 1766:

and became part of Commodore James Biddle's West India Squadron. Unbeknownst to all, they were about to embark on a cruise to disaster and their assignment "would prove a cruise through hell". Secretary of the Navy

5085:"Fractional Dose Yellow Fever Vaccine as a Dose-sparing Option for Outbreak Response. WHO Secretariat Information Paper. Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals. WHO reference number: WHO/YF/SAGE/16.1" 1542:

some immunity to it. When an outbreak of yellow fever would occur in an African community where colonists resided, most Europeans died, while the indigenous Africans usually developed nonlethal symptoms resembling

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is taken up by a female mosquito when it ingests the blood of an infected human or another primate. Viruses reach the stomach of the mosquito, and if the virus concentration is high enough, the virions can infect

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A Phase I Trial to Evaluate the Safety, Reactogenicity, and Immunogenicity of MVA-BN Yellow Fever Vaccine With and Without Montanide ISA-720 Adjuvant in 18–45 Year Old Healthy Volunteers (NCT number: NCT02743455)

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or another EPA-registered repellent gives extra protection. Clothing treated with permethrin is commercially available. Mosquito repellents containing permethrin are not approved for application directly to the

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The Yellow Fever Initiative, launched by the WHO in 2006, vaccinated more than 105 million people in 14 countries in West Africa. No outbreaks were reported during 2015. The campaign was supported by the

1616:"Account of the Yellow fever which prevailed in Virginia in the years 1737, 1741, and 1742, in a letter to the late Cadwallader Colden, Esq. of New York, from the late John Mitchell, M.D.F.R.S. of Virginia," 7579:

The Transactions of the American Medical Association, Volume IX, TK and PG Collins, 1856, page 704, "Yellow Fever at the Village of Cloutierville, La, in the Years 1853 and 1854" by Samuel O. Scruggs, M.D.

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is an effective treatment of many pathological features of the disease. Ribavirin treatment during the first five days after virus infection improved survival rates, reduced tissue damage in the liver and

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infections, no cure is known for yellow fever. Hospitalization is advisable and intensive care may be necessary because of rapid deterioration in some cases. Certain acute treatment methods lack efficacy:

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following European exploration and colonization. However, some researchers have argued that yellow fever might have existed in the Americas during the pre-Columbian period as mosquitoes of the genus

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cut this polyprotein into three structural (C, prM, E) and seven nonstructural proteins (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5); the enumeration corresponds to the arrangement of the protein coding

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de Souza RP, Foster PG, Sallum MA, Coimbra TL, Maeda AY, Silveira VR, et al. (January 2010). "Detection of a new yellow fever virus lineage within the South American genotype I in Brazil".

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Although yellow fever is most prevalent in tropical-like climates, the northern United States were not exempted from the fever. The first outbreak in English-speaking North America occurred in

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involving wild primates. With few countries establishing regular vaccination programs, measures to fight yellow fever have been neglected, making the future spread of the virus more likely.

815:. The urban cycle is responsible for the major outbreaks of yellow fever that occur in Africa. Except for an outbreak in Bolivia in 1999, this urban cycle no longer exists in South America. 799:

Three epidemiologically different infectious cycles occur in which the virus is transmitted from mosquitoes to humans or other primates. In the "urban cycle", only the yellow fever mosquito

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Lataillade, Lucy de Guilhem de; Vazeille, Marie; Obadia, Thomas; Madec, Yoann; Mousson, Laurence; Kamgang, Basile; Chen, Chun-Hong; Failloux, Anna-Bella; Yen, Pei-Shi (16 November 2020).

5978:"Genetic relationships and evolution of genotypes of yellow fever virus and other members of the yellow fever virus group within the Flavivirus genus based on the 3' noncoding region" 4884: 1137:(WHO) now states that a single dose of vaccine is sufficient to confer lifelong immunity against yellow fever disease. The attenuated live vaccine stem 17D was developed in 1937 by 8854: 7709: 5163:

Nnaji CA, Shey MS, Adetokunboh OO, Wiysonge CS (February 2020). "Immunogenicity and safety of fractional dose yellow fever vaccination: A systematic review and meta-analysis".

1456:) also occurs in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, the Pacific, and Australia, but yellow fever had never occurred there until jet travel introduced 11 cases from the 7935:"Yellow Fever contrasted with Bilious Fever – Reasons for believing it a disease sui generis – Its mode of Propagation – Remote Cause – Probable insect or animalcular origin" 7512: 1710:

in Philadelphia, which was then the capital of the United States, resulted in the deaths of several thousand people, more than 9% of the population. One of these deaths was

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Fontenille D, Diallo M, Mondo M, Ndiaye M, Thonnon J (1997). "First evidence of natural vertical transmission of yellow fever virus in Aedes aegypti, its epidemic vector".

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Using vector control and strict vaccination programs, the urban cycle of yellow fever was nearly eradicated from South America. Since 1943, only a single urban outbreak in

323:. Once a person is infected, management is symptomatic; no specific measures are effective against the virus. Death occurs in up to half of those who get severe disease. 5084: 2158:

The WHO has designated (parts of) Argentina, Brazil and Peru as risk countries, but these countries do not require incoming travellers to vaccinate against yellow fever.

788:. When the mosquito next sucks blood, it injects its saliva into the wound, and the virus reaches the bloodstream of the bitten person. Transovarial transmissionial and 1934:. A previous effort of canal building by the French had failed in part due to mortality from the high incidence of yellow fever and malaria, which killed many workers. 1657:, the West Indies were known as a particularly dangerous posting for soldiers due to yellow fever being endemic in the area. The mortality rate in British garrisons in 8251:

Birn AE, Solórzano A (November 1999). "Public health policy paradoxes: science and politics in the Rockefeller Foundation's hookworm campaign in Mexico in the 1920s".

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proclaimed its independence as the second republic in the Western Hemisphere. Considerable debate exists over whether the number of deaths caused by disease in the

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In Africa, a third infectious cycle known as "savannah cycle" or intermediate cycle, occurs between the jungle and urban cycles. Different mosquitoes of the genus

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Bigon L (2014). "Transnational Networks of Administrating Disease and Urban Planning in West Africa: The Inter-Colonial Conference on Yellow Fever, Dakar, 1928".

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in 1873. Its residents called the disease "yellow jack". Urban epidemics continued in the United States until 1905, with the last outbreak affecting New Orleans.

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had assigned the squadron to guard United States merchant shipping and suppress piracy. During their time on deployment from 26 May to 3 August 1822, 76 of the

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In Africa, virus eradication programs have mostly relied upon vaccination. These programs have largely been unsuccessful because they were unable to break the

8372: 8351: 7374: 1715: 1415: 8430:"Lessons learned from the polio eradication initiative in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Ethiopia: analysis of implementation barriers and strategies" 307:. The disease may be difficult to tell apart from other illnesses, especially in the early stages. To confirm a suspected case, blood-sample testing with a 1945:

Like Cuba and Panama, Brazil also led a highly successful sanitation campaign against mosquitoes and yellow fever. Beginning in 1903, the campaign led by

7790: 4954: 1802: 3684: 2896:(Curriculum-based juvenile nonfiction). Deadly Diseases & Epidemics. Foreword by David Heymann (2nd ed.). New York: Chelsea House. p. 17. 1360:. Five genotypes (Angola, Central/East Africa, East Africa, West Africa I, and West Africa II) occur only in Africa. West Africa genotype I is found in 342:

of the disease have occurred in the Americas, Africa, and Europe. In the 18th and 19th centuries, yellow fever was considered one of the most dangerous

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McNeill JR (1 April 2004). "Yellow Jack and Geopolitics: Environment, Epidemics, and the Struggles for Empire in the American Tropics, 1650–1825".

5678: 260:. Symptoms typically improve within five days. In about 15% of people, within a day of improving the fever comes back, abdominal pain occurs, and 10429: 6148: 1922:. They successfully proved Finlay's "mosquito hypothesis". Yellow fever was the first virus shown to be transmitted by mosquitoes. The physician 934: 7325:

Miller JC (2005). "The Wages of Blackness: African American Workers and the Meanings of Race during Philadelphia's 1793 Yellow Fever Epidemic".

5214: 2103:, and normalised levels of alanine aminotransferase, a liver damage marker. The mechanism of action of ribavirin in reducing liver pathology in 844:

acts as a vector. Because of this sylvatic cycle, yellow fever cannot be eradicated except by eradicating the mosquitoes that serve as vectors.

8859: 5459:"Prevention and Control Strategies to Counter Zika Virus, a Special Focus on Intervention Approaches against Vector Mosquitoes-Current Updates" 1894:

suggested that yellow fever was spread by insects such as moths or mosquitoes, basing his ideas on the pattern of transmission of the disease.

1457: 1342: 4444:"Revisiting the liver in human yellow fever: virus-induced apoptosis in hepatocytes associated with TGF-beta, TNF-alpha and NK cells activity" 1227:

populations. One approach is to kill the developing larvae. Measures are taken to reduce the water accumulations in which the larvae develop.

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for preventing dengue fever. This eradicated the mosquito vector in several areas. Similar efforts may prove effective against yellow fever.

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McNeill JR (2002). "Yellow fever and geopolitics: environment, epidemics, and the struggles for empire in the American tropics, 1650-1900".

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If yellow fever is suspected, the virus cannot be confirmed until 6–10 days following the illness. A direct confirmation can be obtained by

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McNeill JR (2004). "Yellow Jack and Geopolitics: Environment, Epidemics, and the Struggles for Empire in the American Tropics, 1640-1830".

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was plagued with major epidemics during the 19th century, most notably in 1833 and 1853. A major epidemic occurred in both New Orleans and

1546:. This phenomenon, in which certain populations develop immunity to yellow fever due to prolonged exposure in their childhood, is known as 4917:

Barrett AD, Teuwen DE (June 2009). "Yellow fever vaccine - how does it work and why do rare cases of serious adverse events take place?".

9495: 7977: 7955: 7249: 5827: 2234: 2203: 1618: 937:, where the genome of the virus is amplified. Another direct approach is the isolation of the virus and its growth in cell culture using 4973: 1482:

But none is considered satisfactory. Another proposal is the absence of a slave trade to Asia on the scale of that to the Americas. The

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264 deaths confirmed to be yellow fever. The Health Ministry launched a vaccination campaign and was concerned about spread during the

5628:"Insecticide treated curtains and residual insecticide treatment to control Aedes aegypti: An acceptability study in Santiago de Cuba" 7657: 7166: 6853:

Wilkninson, Robert (1995). "Yellow Fever: Ecology, Epidemiology, and Role in the Collapse of the Classic Lowland Maya Civilization",

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Garske T, Van Kerkhove MD, Yactayo S, Ronveaux O, Lewis RF, Staples JE, Perea W, Ferguson NM, Yellow Fever Expert Committee (2014).

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form during his experiments in Cuba, an attempt to ensure that participants knew they were taking a risk by being part of testing.

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as numerous deaths and sickness curtailed naval operations and destroyed morale. One episode began in April 1822 when the frigate

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At least 25 major outbreaks took place in the Americas during the 18th and 19th centuries, including particularly serious ones in

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But in 15% of cases, people enter a second, toxic phase of the disease characterized by recurring fever, this time accompanied by

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As a consequence of this loss, Biddle noted that his squadron was forced to return to Norfolk Navy Yard early. Upon arrival, the

7352: 2924: 1522: 4096: 586:. It was the first illness shown to be transmissible by filtered human serum and transmitted by mosquitoes, by American doctor 96: 10490: 9044: 8809: 8790: 8756: 8702: 8681: 8620: 8224: 8131: 8068: 7825: 7274: 7243: 6987: 6692: 6088: 4810: 4752:"Which insect repellents should we choose? Implications from results of local market survey and review of current guidelines" 4426: 4297: 3382: 3239: 3206: 3060: 3005: 2901: 2606: 2458: 2228: 2197: 1987: 1809:, had 308 yellow fever deaths, reducing the congregation by half. A ship carrying persons infected with the virus arrived in 7996: 2398:"Yellow Fever in Africa: Estimating the Burden of Disease and Impact of Mass Vaccination from Outbreak and Serological Data" 1751:

In the early 19th century, the prevalence of yellow fever in the Caribbean "led to serious health problems" and alarmed the

9369: 8092: 6284:"Yellow Fever in Brazil – Alert – Level 2, Practice Enhanced Precautions – Travel Health Notices | Travelers' Health | CDC" 2510: 1667: 8523:

Huggins JW (1989). "Prospects for treatment of viral hemorrhagic fevers with ribavirin, a broad-spectrum antiviral drug".

5307:"The Absence of Yellow Fever in Asia: History, Hypotheses, Vector Dispersal, Possibility of YF in Asia, and Other Enigmas" 5106: 3462:"Noncoding subgenomic flavivirus RNA: multiple functions in West Nile virus pathogenesis and modulation of host responses" 1902:

rather than by direct contact from person to person, as had long been believed. Since the losses from yellow fever in the

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in June 1855. The disease spread quickly through the community, eventually killing over 3,000 people, mostly residents of

1300:, are ineffective in yellow fever patients. Symptomatic treatment includes rehydration and pain relief with drugs such as 334:

The disease originated in Africa and spread to the Americas starting in the 17th century with the European trafficking of

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World Health Organization (October 2017). "Human papillomavirus vaccines: WHO position paper, May 2017-Recommendations".

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A Bayesian analysis of genotypes I and II has shown that genotype I accounts for virtually all the current infections in

1312:(NSAIDs) are often avoided because of an increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding due to their anticoagulant effects. 1309: 1141:. The WHO recommends routine vaccination for people living in affected areas between the 9th and 12th month after birth. 910: 4728: 5777: 5280: 1898:, a Cuban-Spanish doctor and scientist, proposed in 1881 that yellow fever might be transmitted by previously infected 8347: 6509: 9359: 4313: 3731:"Learning from the viral journey: how to enter cells and how to overcome intracellular barriers to reach the nucleus" 3092: 6261: 9871: 9711: 9244: 9239: 9037: 5803:"Mass vaccination campaign to protect millions against yellow fever in Angola and Democratic Republic of the Congo" 2066:, Bolivia, has occurred. Since the 1980s, however, the number of yellow fever cases has been increasing again, and 1039: 743:: The male is on the left, females are on the right. Only the female mosquito bites humans to transmit the disease. 712:, which cleaves prM to M. This releases E from the complex, which can now take its place in the mature, infectious 76: 10447: 8878: 6372:"Phylodynamics of Yellow Fever Virus in the Americas: new insights into the origin of the 2017 Brazilian outbreak" 6315:"Phylodynamics of Yellow Fever Virus in the Americas: new insights into the origin of the 2017 Brazilian outbreak" 5705:

NSAIDS need to be avoided because of the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and the anti-platelet effect (aspirin).

8639: 8560:"Impact of Wolbachia on infection with chikungunya and yellow fever viruses in the mosquito vector Aedes aegypti" 7600:"'Like a clap of thunder in a clear sky': differential mortality during Savannah's yellow fever epidemic of 1854" 6427: 3365:

Modrow S, Falke D, Truyen U, Schätzl H (April 2013). "Viruses with Single-Stranded, Positive-Sense RNA Genomes".

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Lindenbach BD, Rice CM (2007). "Flaviviridae: The Viruses and Their Replication". In Knipe DM, Howley PM (eds.).

7889: 7005:"Deforestation and vector-borne disease: Forest conversion favors important mosquito vectors of human pathogens" 2655: 9646: 4951: 7786: 7448:

John S. Marr, and John T. Cathey. "The 1802 Saint-Domingue yellow fever epidemic and the Louisiana Purchase."

4885:"Countries with risk of yellow fever transmission and countries requiring yellow fever vaccination (May 2021)" 1471:

That immunity is present in the populations because of other diseases caused by related viruses (for example,

9903: 9543: 9142: 8343: 7934: 3562:"An RNA pseudoknot is required for production of yellow fever virus subgenomic RNA by the host nuclease XRN1" 2790: 1707: 851:

are involved. In recent years, this has been the most common form of transmission of yellow fever in Africa.

39: 6905:

of Philadelphia; the manuscript was eventually printed (in large part) in 1805 and reprinted in 1814. See:

6534: 10381: 10194: 10189: 9797: 3780:"Human Schwann cells are susceptible to infection with Zika and yellow fever viruses, but not dengue virus" 2007: 1711: 1249:

is recommended as a chemical larvicide, mainly because it is safe for humans and effective in small doses.

374: 17: 7914: 7060:

Buckley RN (1978). "The Destruction of the British Army in the West Indies 1793-1815: A Medical History".

5751: 5509: 1509:

Sugar curing house, 1762: Sugar pots and jars on sugar plantations served as breeding place for larvae of

10475: 9824: 9819: 9807: 9349: 9232: 7841:

Sawchuk LA, Burke SD (January 1998). "Gibraltar's 1804 yellow fever scourge: the search for scapegoats".

5407: 3935:"Role of the transmembrane domains of prM and E proteins in the formation of yellow fever virus envelope" 1858: 1163: 8658: 8321: 7453: 5689: 4388:"Ebola outbreak Alert and response operations Diseases Biorisk reduction Yellow fever: a current threat" 10485: 10305: 9913: 9831: 9812: 9178: 6894: 2866: 1963: 1806: 1517: 1483: 447: 8484:"Efficacy of post-exposure treatment of yellow fever with ribavirin in a hamster model of the disease" 7742:"Tour Stop 1 - Yellow Fever Victims - Tour - Oakland Cemetery - Shreveport - Louisiana - Founded 1847" 5206: 4442:

Quaresma JA, Barros VL, Pagliari C, Fernandes ER, Guedes F, Takakura CF, et al. (February 2006).

3222:

Rogers DJ, Wilson AJ, Hay SI, Graham AJ (2006). "The global distribution of yellow fever and dengue".

10036: 9499: 9391: 8834: 8827: 7235:

The Slaves Who Defeated Napoleon: Toussaint Louverture and the Haitian War of Independence, 1801–1804

1911: 1134: 789: 591: 308: 6718:"Out of Africa: a molecular perspective on the introduction of yellow fever virus into the Americas" 6626:"Out of Africa: a molecular perspective on the introduction of yellow fever virus into the Americas" 2140:

Also required for travellers having transited (more than 12 hours) through a risk country's airport.

1356:

of yellow fever viruses, and they are assumed to be differently adapted to humans and to the vector

10115: 10058: 9936: 9731: 9256: 8952: 7290:

Patterson KD (April 1992). "Yellow fever epidemics and mortality in the United States, 1693-1905".

5835: 4827: 1903: 1794: 1787: 1695: 1088: 7915:

John W. Cowart, "Yellow Jack in Jacksonville, Yellow Fever visited Duval County, Florida, in 1888"

4239:"Aedes-borne viral infections and risk of emergence/resurgence in Sub-Saharan African urban areas" 1906:

in the 1890s were extremely high, U.S. Army doctors began research experiments with a team led by

689:

by the protein E, which changes its conformation at low pH, causing a rearrangement of the 90 homo

10219: 9881: 9876: 9781: 9576: 9562: 9538: 9480: 9290: 9174: 7490: 6452:

Lataillade LG, Vazeille M, Obadia T, Madec Y, Mousson L, Kamgang B, et al. (November 2020).

6283: 6223: 3511:

Funk A, Truong K, Nagasaki T, Torres S, Floden N, Balmori Melian E, et al. (November 2010).

2063: 1495: 1043: 998: 662: 639: 131: 8403: 7975:"The mosquito hypothetically considered as an agent in the transmission of yellow fever poison," 7661: 3987: 2972: 2474: 2016: 1698:

recorded major outbreaks in 1669, as well as additional yellow fever epidemics in Philadelphia,

803:

is involved. It is well adapted to urban areas, and can also transmit other diseases, including

10434: 10343: 9566: 9534: 9510: 9345: 9223: 9147: 9122: 9108: 9087: 8872: 8162:

Wilson AL, Courtenay O, Kelly-Hope LA, Scott TW, Takken W, Torr SJ, Lindsay SW (January 2020).

6166:

Faria NR, Kraemer MU, Hill SH, Goes de Jesus J, Aguiar RS, Iani FC, et al. (August 2018).

5107:"WHO supports the immunization of 874 000 people against yellow fever in Nigeria. News Release" 1959: 1321: 990: 883: 9003: 7974: 7951: 7409: 7233: 6789: 6028:

Auguste AJ, Lemey P, Pybus OG, Suchard MA, Salas RA, Adesiyun AA, et al. (October 2010).

4970: 2448: 2218: 2187: 1615: 10470: 9999: 9908: 9886: 9550: 9459: 9227: 9029: 8916: 8558:

van den Hurk AF, Hall-Mendelin S, Pyke AT, Frentiu FD, McElroy K, Day A, et al. (2012).

8371: 8123: 7264: 6078: 4800: 3933:

Op De Beeck A, Molenkamp R, Caron M, Ben Younes A, Bredenbeek P, Dubuisson J (January 2003).

2891: 1874: 1870: 1730: 1533:

A page from Commodore James Biddle's list of the 76 dead (74 of yellow fever) aboard the USS

764: 701: 6781: 4287: 2622: 1597: 1569:

The first definitive outbreak of yellow fever in the New World was in 1647 on the island of

1365:

involved the East African genotype, which had remained undetected in the previous 40 years.

10403: 10051: 10046: 9425: 8673:

The American Plague: The Untold Story of Yellow Fever, the Epidemic that Shaped Our History

8536: 8164:"The importance of vector control for the control and elimination of vector-borne diseases" 8059:

Yellow Jack: How Yellow Fever Ravaged America and Walter Reed Discovered Its Deadly Secrets

7962:) (The mosquito hypothetically considered as an agent in the transmission of yellow fever) 7952:"El mosquito hipoteticamente considerado como agente de transmission de la fiebre amarilla" 7404:

Yellow Jack: How Yellow Fever ravaged America and Walter Reed Discovered Its Deadly Secrets

7016: 6574:

Monath TP (1989). "The absence of yellow fever in Asia: hypotheses. A cause for concern?".

6465: 6383: 6326: 6179: 5976:

Mutebi JP, Rijnbrand RC, Wang H, Ryman KD, Wang E, Fulop LD, et al. (September 2004).

5251: 3791: 2734: 1983: 1919: 1822: 1555: 1383: 1305: 1285: 1092: 1071: 993:, infections with yellow fever must be distinguished from other feverish illnesses such as 442: 346:; numerous epidemics swept through major cities of the US and in other parts of the world. 335: 315: 192: 6370:

Mir D, Delatorre E, Bonaldo M, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, Vicente AC, Bello G (August 2017).

6313:

Mir D, Delatorre E, Bonaldo M, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, Vicente AC, Bello G (August 2017).

5207:"WHO dispatched 3.5 million doses of yellow fever vaccine for outbreak response in Brazil" 3901: 2836: 2075:

in 2008 was thought to be urban in nature, but this ultimately proved not to be the case.

1967:

prior. The eradication of yellow fever was also a major step toward better global health.

1574: 8: 9972: 9841: 9636: 8941: 8749:

Yellow Fever Years: An Epidemiology of Nineteenth-Century American Literature and Culture

7749: 7684: 6910:"Dr. John Mitchell's Account of the Yellow Fever in Virginia in 1741-42, Written in 1748" 4339: 1915: 1146: 1095:

10 days before entering this country/territory is required for travellers coming from...

1049:

Mosquitoes may bite through thin clothing, so spraying clothes with repellent containing

906: 724: 275:

The disease is caused by the yellow fever virus and is spread by the bite of an infected

31: 9987: 7206: 7020: 6469: 6387: 6330: 6183: 5255: 4673:"Viral hemorrhagic fevers: current status of endemic disease and strategies for control" 4395: 4149: 4122: 4042:

Kumar A, Srivastava P, Sirisena P, Dubey SK, Kumar R, Shrinet J, Sunil S (August 2018).

3795: 2738: 2044: 982:. Because of the bleeding tendency of yellow fever patients, a biopsy is only advisable 10480: 10184: 9311: 8671: 8586: 8559: 8456: 8429: 8303: 8190: 8163: 8057: 7814: 7622: 7487:"The Disastrous Voyage: Yellow Fever aboard the USS Macedonian & USS Peacock, 1822" 7402: 7147: 7077: 7037: 7004: 6926: 6909: 6898: 6831: 6805:"Yellow fever in Africa and the Americas: a historical and epidemiological perspective" 6804: 6744: 6717: 6652: 6625: 6486: 6453: 6404: 6371: 6347: 6314: 6200: 6167: 6129: 6054: 6029: 5958: 5654: 5627: 5603: 5576: 5485: 5458: 5333: 5306: 5188: 4990: 4781: 4697: 4672: 4648: 4623: 4558: 4533: 4509: 4484: 4357: 4268: 4070: 4043: 3910: 3885: 3861: 3836: 3812: 3779: 3755: 3730: 3660: 3635: 3586: 3561: 3537: 3512: 3488: 3461: 3437: 3412: 3388: 3250: 3179: 3136: 2946: 2848: 2763: 2722: 2569: 2534: 2424: 2397: 2303: 1853: 1752: 1745: 1680: 1672: 1578: 1559: 747:

Yellow fever virus is mainly transmitted through the bite of the yellow fever mosquito

603: 398: 391: 343: 249: 103: 8782:

An American Plague: The True and Terrifying Story of the Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1793

8264: 7588:

New Orleans Genesis June 1970, page 261-262, "Cloutierville Yellow Fever Deaths, 1853"

7423: 6684: 6589:

Cathey JT, Marr JS (May 2014). "Yellow fever, Asia and the East African slave trade".

6030:"Yellow fever virus maintenance in Trinidad and its dispersal throughout the Americas" 6002: 5977: 5911: 5552: 5535: 5045: 4185: 3959: 3934: 3636:"Sensing of viral infection and activation of innate immunity by toll-like receptor 3" 3273: 3231: 2920: 10390: 10264: 10041: 9384: 9198: 8963: 8805: 8786: 8780: 8752: 8735: 8698: 8677: 8616: 8610: 8591: 8540: 8505: 8461: 8307: 8268: 8220: 8195: 8127: 8116: 8064: 8037: 7858: 7821: 7344: 7307: 7303: 7270: 7239: 7139: 7112: 7085: 7069: 7042: 6983: 6960: 6931: 6836: 6782: 6749: 6698: 6688: 6657: 6606: 6491: 6409: 6352: 6205: 6168:"Genomic and epidemiological monitoring of yellow fever virus transmission potential" 6121: 6084: 6059: 6007: 5993: 5950: 5915: 5898:

Mutebi JP, Barrett AD (November 2002). "The epidemiology of yellow fever in Africa".

5880: 5726: 5659: 5626:

Pérez D, Van der Stuyft P, Toledo ME, Ceballos E, Fabré F, Lefèvre P (January 2018).

5608: 5557: 5536:"Social sustainability of Mesocyclops biological control for dengue in South Vietnam" 5490: 5389: 5338: 5192: 5180: 5145: 4934: 4806: 4785: 4773: 4702: 4653: 4604: 4563: 4514: 4465: 4422: 4293: 4272: 4260: 4189: 4154: 4075: 3964: 3915: 3866: 3817: 3760: 3704: 3665: 3591: 3542: 3493: 3442: 3378: 3347: 3255: 3235: 3202: 3171: 3128: 3088: 3064: 3056: 3030: 3001: 2897: 2840: 2768: 2750: 2703: 2602: 2574: 2556: 2454: 2429: 2373: 2224: 2193: 2121: 1873:, known as the Ottawa Prophet, proposed that the cause of a yellow fever epidemic in 1818: 1798: 1719: 1547: 1341:

An estimated 90% of yellow fever infections occur on the African continent. In 2016,

685:, decays, and releases the genome. Receptor binding, as well as membrane fusion, are 666: 339: 177: 91: 8946: 6563:. WHO Division of Emerging and other Communicable Diseases Surveillance and Control. 5962: 4599: 4582: 3428: 3392: 3183: 3140: 3124: 2823:

Barrett AD, Higgs S (2007). "Yellow fever: a disease that has yet to be conquered".

390:

Among those who develop jaundice, the fatality rate is 20 to 50%, while the overall

10395: 9992: 9977: 9607: 9418: 9413: 9014: 8725: 8653: 8612:

The United States and Biological Warfare: Secrets from the Early Cold War and Korea

8581: 8571: 8532: 8495: 8482:

Sbrana E, Xiao SY, Guzman H, Ye M, Travassos da Rosa AP, Tesh RB (September 2004).

8451: 8441: 8295: 8260: 8185: 8175: 8027: 7850: 7626: 7614: 7299: 7032: 7024: 6921: 6876: 6826: 6816: 6739: 6729: 6680: 6647: 6637: 6598: 6481: 6473: 6399: 6391: 6342: 6334: 6195: 6187: 6149:"Real-time Genomic Surveillance of the Yellow Fever Virus Outbreak in Brazil, 2017" 6113: 6049: 6041: 5997: 5989: 5942: 5907: 5870: 5649: 5639: 5598: 5588: 5547: 5480: 5470: 5379: 5369: 5328: 5318: 5259: 5172: 5137: 4926: 4763: 4692: 4684: 4643: 4635: 4594: 4553: 4545: 4504: 4496: 4455: 4250: 4181: 4144: 4134: 4065: 4055: 3954: 3946: 3905: 3897: 3856: 3848: 3807: 3799: 3750: 3742: 3696: 3655: 3647: 3581: 3573: 3532: 3524: 3483: 3473: 3432: 3424: 3370: 3337: 3245: 3227: 3163: 3120: 2852: 2832: 2758: 2742: 2693: 2601:(5th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 1101. 2564: 2546: 2419: 2409: 2365: 1939: 1737: 1642: 1402: 1373: 953: 759: 237: 8714:"The Mosquito Hypothetically Considered as the Transmitting Agent of Yellow Fever" 8376: 5176: 5141: 3950: 3224:

Global Mapping of Infectious Diseases: Methods, Examples and Emerging Applications

2030: 1478:

That the disease was never introduced because the shipping trade was insufficient.

1188: 10319: 10069: 9699: 9692: 9687: 9490: 9401: 9281: 9276: 8957: 8849: 8692: 8576: 8212: 8180: 8000: 7993: 7981: 7959: 7921: 7618: 7460: 6734: 6642: 6133: 5644: 5593: 5457:

Singh RK, Dhama K, Khandia R, Munjal A, Karthik K, Tiwari R, et al. (2018).

4977: 4958: 4017: 3700: 3609: 3374: 2551: 2414: 2369: 1654: 1650: 1622: 1604: 1252:

The second strategy is to reduce populations of the adult yellow fever mosquito.

891: 824: 777: 705: 496: 202: 35: 9017: 8868: 8694:

Epidemic Invasions: Yellow Fever and the Limits of Cuban Independence, 1878–1930

8084: 7964:

Anales de la Real Academia de Ciencias Médicas, Físicas y Naturales de la Habana

7646:

St. Matthew's Evangelical Lutheran Church: 125 Years of Christian Service, 1967.

4855: 4671:

Cleri DJ, Ricketti AJ, Porwancher RB, Ramos-Bonner LS, Vernaleo JR (June 2006).

4460: 4443: 4139: 3852: 3837:"How viruses use the endoplasmic reticulum for entry, replication, and assembly" 1592:. The first mention of the disease by the name "yellow fever" occurred in 1744. 854:

Concern exists about yellow fever spreading to southeast Asia, where its vector

735: 10331: 9896: 9584: 9555: 8968: 8446: 7028: 6477: 6395: 6338: 5875: 5858: 5718: 5374: 5357: 4255: 4238: 3803: 2746: 2079: 1923: 1891: 1840:

suffered the loss of several thousand citizens during an outbreak in 1821. The

1768: 1756: 1702:, and New York City in the 18th and 19th centuries. The disease traveled along 1663: 1293: 1253: 1207:

is of major importance, especially because the same mosquito can also transmit

926: 902: 871: 819: 785: 694: 674: 658: 611: 370: 328: 269: 9951: 8500: 8483: 8299: 8032: 8015: 6821: 4930: 4720: 4688: 4639: 3746: 3167: 2149:

Not required for travellers having transited through a risk country's airport.

10464: 10366: 10243: 10153: 10101: 10022: 10004: 9926: 9846: 9722: 9704: 9616: 9406: 9063: 8844: 8730: 8713: 7143: 7073: 6902: 5475: 4777: 4768: 4751: 4264: 3048: 2754: 2560: 2535:"Yellow fever transmission in non-human primates, Bahia, Northeastern Brazil" 2022: 1895: 1810: 1741: 1687: 1566:, which is indigenous to the Americas, have been known to carry the disease. 1554:

were probably transferred to North and South America with the trafficking of

1010: 690: 654: 484: 394:

is about 3 to 7.5%. Severe cases may have a mortality rate greater than 50%.

285: 136: 8931: 6880: 6602: 6191: 5859:"Why is the yellow fever outbreak in Angola a 'threat to the entire world'?" 3560:

Silva PA, Pereira CF, Dalebout TJ, Spaan WJ, Bredenbeek PJ (November 2010).

2090:

In the hamster model of yellow fever, early administration of the antiviral

1333: 638:

are important for viral pathogenicity. Yellow fever belongs to the group of

30:"American Plague" and "Yellow plague" redirect here. For the rock band, see 10257: 10083: 9857: 9672: 9591: 9525: 9514: 9471: 9299: 9294: 9249: 9214: 9157: 9099: 8739: 8595: 8509: 8465: 8428:

Deressa W, Kayembe P, Neel AH, Mafuta E, Seme A, Alonge O (December 2020).

8272: 8199: 8041: 7854: 7116: 7089: 7046: 6964: 6935: 6840: 6753: 6702: 6661: 6610: 6495: 6413: 6356: 6209: 6125: 6063: 6011: 5954: 5919: 5884: 5730: 5663: 5612: 5561: 5494: 5393: 5342: 5281:"Fearing New Outbreaks, Brazil Will Vaccinate Country Against Yellow Fever" 5184: 5149: 4938: 4706: 4657: 4608: 4567: 4518: 4469: 4158: 4079: 4060: 3968: 3919: 3870: 3821: 3764: 3708: 3669: 3595: 3546: 3497: 3446: 3351: 3342: 3325: 3259: 3175: 3132: 3034: 2844: 2772: 2707: 2578: 2433: 2377: 1946: 1931: 1706:

routes from New Orleans, causing some 100,000–150,000 deaths in total. The

1691: 1581: 1505: 1398: 1390: 1386:

from Africa. Genotype I has been divided into five subclades, A through E.

1349: 1262: 1246: 1235:, which reduce the number of larvae. For many years, copepods of the genus 1076: 1057:

The peak biting times for many mosquito species are dusk to dawn. However,

971: 963:, these indirect methods cannot conclusively prove yellow fever infection. 960: 938: 879: 808: 582: 532: 520: 508: 8544: 7862: 7424:"The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture:Yellow Fever Epidemics" 7311: 6893:

The earliest mention of "yellow fever" appears in a manuscript of 1744 by

5933:

Ellis BR, Barrett AD (2008). "The enigma of yellow fever in East Africa".

5021:"Measles vaccination has saved an estimated 17.1 million lives since 2000" 4193: 3068: 1486:

probably introduced yellow fever into the Western Hemisphere from Africa.

700:

After entering the host cell, the viral genome is replicated in the rough

387:("black vomit"). There may also be kidney failure, hiccups, and delirium. 10375: 10088: 10078: 9982: 9963: 9790: 9785: 9681: 9660: 9445: 9379: 9336: 9266: 9188: 9112: 9067: 8998: 8802:

Plague Among the Magnolias: The 1878 Yellow Fever Epidemic in Mississippi

6253: 6045: 5577:"Use of pyriproxyfen in control of Aedes mosquitoes: A systematic review" 4549: 4500: 3651: 3577: 3528: 2108: 2050: 2036: 1979: 1930:. He also campaigned against yellow fever during the construction of the 1907: 1883: 1726: 1301: 1237: 1212: 1138: 1129: 1081: 1014: 1006: 1002: 812: 673:, the decreased pH induces the fusion of the endosomal membrane with the 607: 587: 378: 349:

In 1927, yellow fever virus became the first human virus to be isolated.

116: 10421: 7151: 7081: 4338:

Blyth DM, Robertson JL, Busowski MT (16 October 2021). Brusch JL (ed.).

1990:. That vaccine, 17D, is still in use, although newer vaccines, based on 1862:

in order to prevent the epidemic from spreading from Spain into France.

1633: 283:, and several types of mosquitoes. In cities, it is spread primarily by 10275: 10205: 10175: 10125: 10009: 9891: 9772: 9627: 9505: 9436: 9318: 9167: 8118:

The History of Yellow Fever: An Essay on the Birth of Tropical Medicine

6369: 6312: 5384: 3082: 1464:

That the strains of the mosquito in the east are less able to transmit

1297: 1050: 875: 867: 830: 804: 650: 599: 544: 303: 294: 182: 170: 79: 8899: 6809:

The Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases

6117: 5323: 2647: 1405:

for yellow fever. No cases had been transmitted between humans by the

429: 10284: 9076: 9009: 8974: 7193:

Mosquito Empires: Ecology and War in the Greater Caribbean, 1620–1914

6980:

Mosquito Empires: Ecology and War in the Greater Caribbean, 1620–1914

6784:

Mosquito Empires: Ecology and war in the greater Caribbean, 1620–1914

5264: 5239: 4583:"Dengue-yellow fever sera cross-reactivity; challenges for diagnosis" 3513:"RNA structures required for production of subgenomic flavivirus RNA" 3478: 2913: 2531: 2120:

Yellow fever has been researched by several countries as a potential

2113: 2100: 2091: 1991: 1837: 1833: 1703: 1699: 1543: 1429: 1394: 1289: 1267: 1228: 1035: 922: 895: 781: 768: 686: 573: 472: 366: 298: 10337: 8557: 7537:

James Biddle to Smith Thompson (3 August 1822). "Captains Letters".

6454:"Risk of yellow fever virus transmission in the Asia-Pacific region" 5946: 3685:"Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics" 2723:"Risk of yellow fever virus transmission in the Asia-Pacific region" 10360: 9060: 7950:

Carlos Juan Finlay (presented: August 14, 1881; published: 1882)

6951:

Jarcho S (1957). "John Mitchell, Benjamin Rush, and yellow fever".

4670: 4485:"Role of cell culture for virus detection in the age of technology" 3932: 3085:

Doctors: The Drama of Medical Research Through Self-Experimentation

2786: 2698: 2681: 2072: 1899: 1886:, which were perhaps made to absorb carbon and prevent the disease. 1814: 1636:, believing it was transmitted through "putrid miasma" in the air." 1570: 1433: 1425: 1411: 1353: 1197: 975: 887: 836: 670: 646: 614: 362: 320: 276: 265: 257: 140: 124: 120: 67: 8979: 6591:

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

4580: 4174:

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

10214: 10163: 10141: 7375:"How Yellow Fever Turned New Orleans Into The 'City Of The Dead'" 6254:"ProMED-mail post Yellow fever - Americas (47): Brazil, PAHO/WHO" 5625: 4121:

Nag DK, Payne AF, Dieme C, Ciota AT, Kramer LD (September 2021).

3199:

Molekulare Virologie – Eine Einführung für Biologen und Mediziner

2395: 1975: 1658: 1361: 1242: 1232: 1171:

77.5 million currently unvaccinated citizens by April 2019.

1084:

that confirms the holder has been vaccinated against yellow fever

994: 979: 866:

After transmission from a mosquito, the viruses replicate in the

682: 290: 280: 233: 8832:

Knowledge's health care articles can be viewed offline with the

6674: 5575:

Hustedt JC, Boyce R, Bradley J, Hii J, Alexander N (June 2020).

1588:("blood vomit"). In 1685, Brazil suffered its first epidemic in 10408: 10252: 10031: 9760: 9749: 8926: 8911: 8863: 8217:

A History of Modern Latin America: 1800 To The Present, 1st ed.

4441: 2220:

Vaccination: a history from Lady Montagu to genetic engineering

2096: 1951: 1927: 1845: 1763: 1714:, a physician helping to treat the population of the city. The 1589: 1573:. An outbreak was recorded by Spanish colonists in 1648 in the 1472: 1437: 1421: 1393:

state of Brazil that was characterized as a sylvatic or jungle

1208: 1193: 967: 713: 678: 622: 338:

from sub-Saharan Africa. Since the 17th century, several major

253: 245: 112: 9059: 8161: 7536: 6679:. Advances in Virus Research. Vol. 59. pp. 277–314. 1598:(Mitchell's account of the Yellow Fever in Virginia in 1741–2) 8342: 6677:

Origins, evolution, coadaptations within the genus Flavivirus

6451: 6165: 4850: 4848: 2720: 2071:

believe this could happen again at any point. An outbreak in

1849: 1676: 956: 945: 818:

Besides the urban cycle, both in Africa and South America, a

753: 709: 459: 261: 241: 230: 108: 10326: 5162: 4531: 4041: 3226:. Advances in Parasitology. Vol. 62. pp. 181–220. 1288:

after the emergence of symptoms is probably without effect;

1030:

Use insect repellent when outdoors such as those containing

9323: 8766:

Harcourt-Smith S (1974). "'Yellow Jack': Caribbean Fever".

6103: 4980:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. March 30, 2011.

4581:

Houghton-Triviño N, Montaña D, Castellanos J (March 2008).

4532:

Falconar AK, de Plata E, Romero-Vivas CM (September 2006).

4171: 3460:

Roby JA, Pijlman GP, Wilusz J, Khromykh AA (January 2014).

3201:(2nd ed.). Spektrum Akademischer Verlag. p. 182. 1441: 1154: 1031: 874:

in particular. From there, they reach the liver and infect

618: 6675:

Gould EA, de Lamballerie X, Zanotto PM, Holmes EC (2003).

4845: 2939: 5127: 4340:"Yellow Fever: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology" 3559: 3459: 2107:

infection may be similar to its activity in treatment of

949: 595: 8427: 8016:"Carlos Finlay and yellow fever: triumph over adversity" 7877:

The age we live in: a history of the nineteenth century,

6027: 5975: 5234: 5232: 5046:"Twelve million West Africans get yellow fever vaccines" 3510: 3364: 2358:

Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care

1926:

applied these insights and eradicated yellow fever from

6897:

of Virginia; copies of the manuscript were sent to Mr.

5456: 3154:

Tomori O (2004). "Yellow fever: the recurring plague".

2189:

Viruses, Plagues, and History: Past, Present and Future

1832:

Major outbreaks have also occurred in southern Europe.

1377:

Areas with risk of yellow fever in South America (2018)

34:. For the Yellow Plague of Rhos in medieval Wales, see 7973:

Charles Finlay, with Rudolph Matas, translator (1881)

7843:

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences

7710:"Louisiana Office of Public Health Statistics, page 6" 5574: 5534:

Tran TT, Olsen A, Viennet E, Sleigh A (January 2015).

5533: 4337: 3300:"Yellow Fever: Symptoms, Complications, and Treatment" 1836:

lost many lives to outbreaks in 1804, 1814, and 1828.

1325:

those will die, as there is no cure for yellow fever.

580:

in width, the type species and namesake of the family

381:, hence one of the names in Spanish for yellow fever, 10303: 8488:

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

8373:

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

8352:

United States Department of Health and Human Services

8348:"NIH launches early-stage yellow fever vaccine trial" 8007: 6224:"Yellow fever killing thousands of monkeys in Brazil" 5229: 3633: 3221: 3111:

Monath TP (April 2008). "Treatment of yellow fever".

1786:

s crew were provided medical care and quarantined at

1718:

the city to Trenton, New Jersey, including President

948:

during the acute phase of the disease using specific

401:, and normally results in no permanent organ damage. 8889: 8365: 7658:"Mosquito control ends fatal plague of yellow fever" 7002: 5358:"Yellow fever cases in Asia: primed for an epidemic" 4621: 4237:

Zerbo A, Delgado RC, González PA (1 December 2020).

4236: 4091: 4089: 3777: 1844:

deployed 30,000 French troops to the border between

1671:

island and his plans for North America, selling the

784:(the blood system of mosquitoes) and from there the 8219:(Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010), pp. 148–149. 7970: : 147–169. Available on-line in English at: 7513:"Annual Report of the Secretary of the Navy - 1823" 7062:

Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research

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The CDC issued a 935:reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction 8765: 7475:(Johns Hopkins Press: Baltimore 1995), 274-275 7167:"What was the Haitian Revolution (1791-1804)?" 7003:Burkett-Cadena ND, Vittor AY (February 2018). 4214:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 3883: 3023:Bulletin de la Socitété de Pathologie Exotique 2890:Sfakianos J, Hecht A (2009). Babcock H (ed.). 2889: 2596: 2585: 2223:. Montrouge: J. Libbey Eurotext. p. 407. 1458:2016 Angola and DR Congo yellow fever outbreak 1416:Level 2 alert (practice enhanced precautions.) 9045: 8602: 8516: 8250: 8244: 7939:The New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal, 6796: 6716:Bryant JE, Holmes EC, Barrett AD (May 2007). 6668: 6624:Bryant JE, Holmes EC, Barrett AD (May 2007). 5897: 5778:"Yellow fever vaccination booster not needed" 5356:Wasserman S, Tambyah PA, Lim PL (July 2016). 4916: 4435: 3778:Dhiman G, Abraham R, Griffin DE (July 2019). 3323: 2384: 382: 373:. 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NY: Cambridge University Press. pp. 6617: 6582: 6558: 5969: 5891: 4971:Yellow Fever Vaccine Information Statement. 4677:Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 3317: 2908:The yellow fever virus was isolated in 1927 2818: 2816: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2808: 2682:"Yellow Fever: Epidemiology and Prevention" 2351: 2349: 2192:. Oxford University Press. pp. 102–4. 1626:American Medical and Philosophical Register 1223:Two main strategies are employed to reduce 921:Yellow fever is most frequently a clinical 822:(forest or jungle cycle) is present, where 268:. If this occurs, the risk of bleeding and 9052: 9038: 8676:. New York: The Berkley Publishing Group. 8383:United States National Library of Medicine 7408:. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. p. 7195:. Cambridge University Press. p. 259. 7171:Boot Camp & Military Fitness Institute 6588: 6159: 6140: 5926: 5688:. Médecins Sans Frontières. Archived from 5278: 5079: 5077: 5075: 5073: 5071: 4123:"Zika virus infects Aedes aegypti ovaries" 4012: 4010: 4008: 3841:Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology 3147: 2921:"CDC: Yellow fever—Symptoms and treatment" 2347: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2329: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2290: 2288: 2286: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2264: 2143: 1865: 1460:in Africa. Proposed explanations include: 428: 397:Surviving the infection provides lifelong 289:, a type of mosquito found throughout the 8729: 8585: 8575: 8499: 8455: 8445: 8336: 8189: 8179: 8113: 8031: 7985:New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal, 7820:. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico. 7649: 7345:"Yellow Fever Attacks Philadelphia, 1793" 7289: 7036: 6925: 6830: 6820: 6743: 6733: 6651: 6641: 6485: 6403: 6346: 6199: 6053: 6001: 5874: 5752:"Global Health - Newsroom - Yellow Fever" 5653: 5643: 5602: 5592: 5551: 5484: 5474: 5383: 5373: 5332: 5322: 5263: 5087:. 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"". 2165: 1978:were developed in the 1930s. 1877:, in 1888, was astrological. 1708:yellow fever epidemic of 1793 1523:yellow fever epidemic of 1878 1513:, the vector of yellow fever. 1020: 792:of yellow fever virus within 40:Yellow fever (disambiguation) 10491:Vaccine-preventable diseases 9798:Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever 8659:Resources in other libraries 8615:. Indiana University Press. 8577:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001892 8181:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007831 8055:Pierce JR, Writer J (2005). 7816:Diseases and Human Evolution 7619:10.1080/03071022.2012.675657 7560:. 20 August 1822. p. 2. 7304:10.1016/0277-9536(92)90255-O 6735:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030075 6643:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030075 5645:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006115 5594:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008205 4856:"Frequently Asked Questions" 4828:"Repellent-Treated Clothing" 4419:Sherris Medical Microbiology 3701:10.1016/j.drudis.2014.03.001 3375:10.1007/978-3-642-20718-1_14 2686:Clinical Infectious Diseases 2552:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008405 2415:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001638 2370:10.1016/j.cppeds.2009.01.001 2008:yellow fever in Buenos Aires 1675:to the US in 1803. In 1804, 1296:, as well as treatment with 1274: 916: 890:. Apoptotic masses known as 316:vaccine against yellow fever 7: 9820:Brazilian hemorrhagic fever 9808:Argentine hemorrhagic fever 8785:. New York: Clarion Books. 7400:Pierce J, Writer J (2005). 6106:Journal of Medical Virology 5935:Reviews in Medical Virology 4461:10.1016/j.virol.2005.09.058 4140:10.1016/j.virol.2021.06.002 3890:Annual Review of Biophysics 3853:10.1101/cshperspect.a013250 3055:. p. 144. ASM Press. 2007. 2825:Annual Review of Entomology 2099:, prevented hepatocellular 2085: 941:; this can take 1–4 weeks. 767:for this virus. Like other 279:. It infects humans, other 10: 10507: 9832:Bolivian hemorrhagic fever 9712:Sandfly fever Naples virus 8712:Finlay CJ (January 2012). 8447:10.1186/s12889-020-09879-9 7207:"Haiti profile - Timeline" 7029:10.1016/j.baae.2017.09.012 6920:(1): 91–92. January 1934. 6535:"Dengue and severe dengue" 6478:10.1038/s41467-020-19625-9 6396:10.1038/s41598-017-07873-7 6339:10.1038/s41598-017-07873-7 5876:10.1016/j.ijid.2016.05.001 5433:"Humanitarian emergencies" 5375:10.1016/j.ijid.2016.04.025 4256:10.1016/j.jobb.2020.10.002 4044:"Mosquito Innate Immunity" 3804:10.1038/s41598-019-46389-0 2747:10.1038/s41467-020-19625-9 1964:International Health Board 1910:, and composed of doctors 1807:Charleston, South Carolina 1493: 1489: 1484:trans-Atlantic slave trade 1401:monkeys, which serve as a 1304:(acetaminophen). However, 1069: 590:around 1900. The positive- 568:Yellow fever is caused by 29: 10350: 10273: 10241: 10232: 10203: 10173: 10151: 10140: 10099: 10067: 10020: 9961: 9950: 9924: 9855: 9770: 9759: 9748: 9720: 9670: 9659: 9625: 9605: 9523: 9500:Huaiyangshan banyangvirus 9469: 9458: 9434: 9334: 9212: 9097: 9086: 9075: 8989: 8893: 8654:Resources in your library 8501:10.4269/ajtmh.2004.71.306 8408:World Health Organization 8300:10.1007/s10708-013-9476-z 8033:10.7205/milmed.170.10.881 7924:, Historical Text Archive 7746:www.oaklandcemeteryla.org 7009:Basic and Applied Ecology 6914:Annals of Medical History 6822:10.1186/s40409-018-0162-y 6539:World Health Organization 5832:World Health Organization 5807:World Health Organization 5782:World Health Organization 5463:Frontiers in Microbiology 5437:World Health Organization 5412:World Health Organization 5211:World Health Organization 5025:World Health Organization 4995:World Health Organization 4931:10.1016/j.coi.2009.05.018 4889:World Health Organization 4689:10.1016/j.idc.2006.02.001 4640:10.1016/j.cld.2010.09.002 4358:"Yellow fever fact sheet" 4022:World Health Organization 3992:World Health Organization 3747:10.1208/s12248-009-9080-9 3168:10.1080/10408360490497474 2977:World Health Organization 2479:World Health Organization 2308:World Health Organization 1558:from Africa, part of the 1328: 1135:World Health Organization 878:(probably indirectly via 790:transstadial transmission 441: 436: 427: 420: 309:polymerase chain reaction 216: 208: 198: 188: 176: 162: 154: 146: 130: 102: 90: 74: 65: 57: 52: 10116:SARS-related coronavirus 10079:Henipavirus encephalitis 9937:Murid gammaherpesvirus 4 9782:Viral hemorrhagic fevers 9563:Viral hemorrhagic fevers 9535:Arbovirus encephalitides 9511:Arbovirus encephalitides 9481:Viral hemorrhagic fevers 9446:Banna virus encephalitis 9346:Arbovirus encephalitides 9291:Viral hemorrhagic fevers 9257:Saint Louis encephalitis 9224:Arbovirus encephalitides 9175:Viral hemorrhagic fevers 9109:Arbovirus encephalitides 8855:templates for discussion 8731:10.37757/MR2012V14.N1.10 5677:Sterk E (January 2013). 5476:10.3389/fmicb.2018.00087 5305:Kuno G (November 2020). 4769:10.1177/1024907918773630 4628:Clinics in Liver Disease 4587:Revista de Salud Publica 4314:"Sabethes - an overview" 2127: 1795:Cloutierville, Louisiana 1716:national government fled 1696:Mississippi River Valley 999:viral hemorrhagic fevers 901:Fatality may occur when 884:eosinophilic degradation 413: 86:(234,000× magnification) 10220:Yaba monkey tumor virus 9577:Kyasanur Forest disease 9539:Tick-borne encephalitis 9240:Australian encephalitis 9133:California encephalitis 8375:(NIAID) (1 June 2018), 7789:. HistoricMemphis.com. 6869:OAH Magazine of History 6576:Virus Inf Exch Newslett 6192:10.1126/science.aat7115 5408:"Vector-borne diseases" 5240:"Yellow fever – Brazil" 4805:. Infobase Publishing. 2064:Santa Cruz de la Sierra 1866:Causes and transmission 1788:Craney Island, Virginia 1614:(John Mitchell) (1814) 1596:(John Mitchell) (1805) 1496:History of yellow fever 1447: 1044:oil of lemon eucalyptus 9567:Omsk hemorrhagic fever 9148:La Crosse encephalitis 8873:University of Virginia 8531:(Suppl 4): S750–S761. 7933:Josiah C. Nott (1848) 5900:Microbes and Infection 5828:"Yellow Fever – China" 4061:10.3390/insects9030095 3343:10.1001/jama.300.8.960 1960:Rockefeller Foundation 1958:During 1920–1923, the 1888: 1694:and the French in the 1538: 1526: 1514: 1378: 1338: 1200: 1175:Compulsory vaccination 1126: 1085: 1082:cover of a certificate 991:differential diagnosis 911:multiple organ failure 763:) can also serve as a 744: 732: 602:long and has a single 383: 379:vomit containing blood 375:gastrointestinal tract 264:damage begins causing 150:3–6 days post exposure 38:. For other uses, see 10000:Marburg virus disease 9551:Powassan encephalitis 9228:Japanese encephalitis 8883:NCBI Taxonomy Browser 8835:Medical Knowledge app 7452:19#.1 (2013): 77–82. 7349:EyeWitness to History 6881:10.1093/maghis/18.3.9 6766:Oldstone, M. (1998). 6603:10.1093/trstmh/tru043 6458:Nature Communications 6147:Faria NR (May 2017). 2727:Nature Communications 2006:A painting depicting 1879: 1875:Jacksonville, Florida 1871:Ezekiel Stone Wiggins 1731:Shreveport, Louisiana 1725:The southern city of 1537:, dated 3 August 1822 1532: 1520: 1508: 1376: 1336: 1191: 1091: 1079: 738: 727: 702:endoplasmic reticulum 314:A safe and effective 9426:Semliki Forest virus 8879:"Yellow fever virus" 8114:Delaporte F (1991). 7855:10.1093/jhmas/53.1.3 7752:on 28 September 2018 7689:www.usgwarchives.net 6855:Medical Anthropology 6514:ScienceDirect Topics 6432:ScienceDirect Topics 6228:www.sciencedaily.com 6046:10.1128/JVI.00588-10 5052:. 23 November 2009. 4550:10.1128/CVI.00105-06 4501:10.1128/CMR.00002-06 4318:ScienceDirect Topics 4101:ScienceDirect Topics 3689:Drug Discovery Today 3652:10.1128/CMR.00022-07 3610:"Hemorrhagic Fevers" 3578:10.1128/jvi.01047-10 3529:10.1128/JVI.01159-10 3369:. pp. 185–349. 1984:yellow fever vaccine 1920:Jesse William Lazear 1904:Spanish–American War 1286:passive immunization 1196:and yellow fever in 1072:Yellow fever vaccine 708:by the host protein 572:(YFV), an enveloped 443:Virus classification 193:Yellow fever vaccine 9973:Ebola virus disease 9637:Colorado tick fever 9392:O'nyong'nyong fever 8691:Espinosa M (2009). 8236:Fosdick RB (1952). 8149:The American Plague 7941:"4" : 563–601. 7773:The American Plague 7664:on 12 December 2012 7471:Langley, Harold D. 7191:McNeill JR (2010). 7021:2018BApEc..26..101B 6780:McNeill JR (2010). 6470:2020NatCo..11.5801L 6388:2017NatSR...7.7385M 6331:2017NatSR...7.7385M 6184:2018Sci...361..894F 6034:Journal of Virology 5982:Journal of Virology 5256:1942Natur.150T.573. 5250:(3811): 573. 1942. 3939:Journal of Virology 3796:2019NatSR...9.9951D 3572:(21): 11395–11406. 3566:Journal of Virology 3523:(21): 11407–11417. 3517:Journal of Virology 2739:2020NatCo..11.5801L 2186:Oldstone M (2009). 1916:Aristides Agramonte 1584:called the illness 1147:meningoencephalitis 1100: All countries 751:, but other mostly 344:infectious diseases 32:The American Plague 10476:Biological weapons 10382:Yellow fever virus 10352:Yellow fever virus 10185:Simian foamy virus 8990:External resources 8747:Gessner I (2016). 8324:. Nobel Foundation 8147:Crosby MC (2006). 7999:2012-05-09 at the 7980:2017-02-23 at the 7958:2017-02-23 at the 7920:2013-01-05 at the 7771:Crosby MC (2006). 7722:on 4 February 2019 7598:Lockley T (2012). 7558:Connecticut Herald 7493:on 25 October 2019 7459:2016-02-04 at the 7232:Girard PR (2011). 7213:. 11 February 2019 6978:McNeill J (2010). 6899:Cadwallader Colden 6376:Scientific Reports 6319:Scientific Reports 6258:www.promedmail.org 5758:. 19 February 2019 5285:The New York Times 4976:2013-09-21 at the 4957:2013-06-09 at the 4862:. 26 February 2020 3886:"Virus maturation" 3784:Scientific Reports 3417:Antiviral Research 3367:Molecular Virology 3280:. 26 February 2020 3113:Antiviral Research 2787:"CDC Yellow Fever" 2654:. 21 August 2015. 2627:www.britannica.com 2105:yellow fever virus 1972:yellow fever virus 1854:Pyrenees Mountains 1753:United States Navy 1746:Memphis, Tennessee 1681:Haitian Revolution 1673:Louisiana Purchase 1621:2017-02-23 at the 1611:1 (1) : 1–20. 1603:2017-02-23 at the 1560:Columbian exchange 1539: 1527: 1515: 1466:yellow fever virus 1379: 1339: 1241:have been used in 1201: 1127: 1086: 944:Serologically, an 882:), which leads to 773:yellow fever virus 745: 733: 640:hemorrhagic fevers 604:open reading frame 594:, single-stranded 570:yellow fever virus 559:Yellow fever virus 422:Yellow fever virus 353:Signs and symptoms 297:. The virus is an 167:Yellow fever virus 97:Infectious disease 84:yellow fever virus 10486:Tropical diseases 10458: 10457: 10344:Taxon identifiers 10301: 10300: 10297: 10296: 10293: 10292: 10228: 10227: 10136: 10135: 9946: 9945: 9744: 9743: 9740: 9739: 9655: 9654: 9454: 9453: 9199:Rift Valley fever 9027: 9026: 8811:978-0-8173-1653-2 8800:Nuwer DS (2009). 8792:978-0-395-77608-7 8779:Murphy J (2003). 8758:978-3-631-67412-3 8704:978-0-226-21811-3 8683:978-0-425-21202-8 8670:Crosby M (2006). 8640:Library resources 8622:978-0-253-33472-5 8440:(Suppl 4): 1807. 8434:BMC Public Health 8350:(Press release). 8225:978-1-4051-2050-0 8133:978-0-262-04112-6 8070:978-0-471-47261-2 8020:Military Medicine 7827:978-0-8263-3065-9 7812:Barnes E (2005). 7276:978-1-4766-2628-4 7245:978-0-8173-1732-4 6989:978-0-511-67268-2 6895:Dr. John Mitchell 6694:978-0-12-039859-1 6178:(6405): 894–899. 6118:10.1002/jmv.21606 6090:978-1-304-11397-9 6040:(19): 9967–9977. 5988:(18): 9652–9665. 5906:(14): 1459–1468. 5324:10.3390/v12121349 5136:(43): 5753–5755. 4812:978-1-60413-231-1 4428:978-0-8385-8529-0 4299:978-1-4766-2628-4 3384:978-3-642-20717-4 3241:978-0-12-031762-2 3208:978-3-8274-1086-3 3061:978-1-55581-466-3 3007:978-0-87553-018-5 2903:978-1-60413-254-0 2608:978-0-7817-6060-7 2460:978-0-7020-5963-6 2447:Scully C (2014). 2230:978-2-7420-0775-2 2199:978-0-19-975849-4 2122:biological weapon 1856:, to establish a 1842:Duke de Richelieu 1799:Savannah, Georgia 1720:George Washington 1683:was exaggerated. 1643:sugar plantations 1575:Yucatán Peninsula 1548:acquired immunity 1452:The main vector ( 1164:fractional dosing 892:Councilman bodies 598:is around 10,862 566: 565: 336:enslaved Africans 224: 223: 178:Diagnostic method 47:Medical condition 16:(Redirected from 10498: 10451: 10450: 10438: 10437: 10425: 10424: 10412: 10411: 10399: 10398: 10386: 10385: 10384: 10371: 10370: 10369: 10339: 10338: 10330: 10329: 10318: 10317: 10316: 10309: 10239: 10238: 10149: 10148: 9959: 9958: 9768: 9767: 9757: 9756: 9732:Chandipura virus 9668: 9667: 9608:Orthomyxoviridae 9467: 9466: 9414:Ross River fever 9179:Bunyamwera fever 9095: 9094: 9084: 9083: 9054: 9047: 9040: 9031: 9030: 8891: 8890: 8886: 8830: 8815: 8796: 8775: 8762: 8743: 8733: 8708: 8687: 8627: 8626: 8606: 8600: 8599: 8589: 8579: 8555: 8549: 8548: 8520: 8514: 8513: 8503: 8479: 8470: 8469: 8459: 8449: 8425: 8419: 8418: 8416: 8414: 8400: 8394: 8392: 8391: 8389: 8369: 8363: 8362: 8360: 8358: 8346:(27 July 2016). 8340: 8334: 8333: 8331: 8329: 8318: 8312: 8311: 8283: 8277: 8276: 8259:(9): 1197–1213. 8248: 8242: 8241: 8233: 8227: 8210: 8204: 8203: 8193: 8183: 8159: 8153: 8152: 8144: 8138: 8137: 8121: 8111: 8105: 8104: 8102: 8100: 8081: 8075: 8074: 8062: 8052: 8046: 8045: 8035: 8011: 8005: 7990: : 601–616. 7948: 7942: 7931: 7925: 7912: 7906: 7905: 7903: 7901: 7886: 7880: 7873: 7867: 7866: 7838: 7832: 7831: 7819: 7809: 7803: 7802: 7800: 7798: 7783: 7777: 7776: 7768: 7762: 7761: 7759: 7757: 7748:. Archived from 7738: 7732: 7731: 7729: 7727: 7721: 7715:. Archived from 7714: 7706: 7700: 7699: 7697: 7695: 7681: 7675: 7673: 7671: 7669: 7653: 7647: 7644: 7638: 7637: 7635: 7633: 7604: 7595: 7589: 7586: 7580: 7577: 7571: 7568: 7562: 7561: 7553: 7547: 7546: 7545:. letter no. 15. 7534: 7528: 7527: 7525: 7523: 7509: 7503: 7502: 7500: 7498: 7489:. Archived from 7482: 7476: 7469: 7463: 7446: 7440: 7439: 7437: 7435: 7420: 7414: 7413: 7407: 7397: 7391: 7390: 7388: 7386: 7371: 7365: 7364: 7362: 7360: 7341: 7335: 7334: 7322: 7316: 7315: 7287: 7281: 7280: 7260: 7254: 7253: 7229: 7223: 7222: 7220: 7218: 7203: 7197: 7196: 7188: 7182: 7181: 7179: 7177: 7162: 7156: 7155: 7127: 7121: 7120: 7100: 7094: 7093: 7057: 7051: 7050: 7040: 7000: 6994: 6993: 6975: 6969: 6968: 6948: 6942: 6939: 6929: 6891: 6885: 6884: 6864: 6858: 6851: 6845: 6844: 6834: 6824: 6800: 6794: 6793: 6787: 6777: 6771: 6764: 6758: 6757: 6747: 6737: 6713: 6707: 6706: 6672: 6666: 6665: 6655: 6645: 6621: 6615: 6614: 6586: 6580: 6579: 6571: 6565: 6564: 6556: 6550: 6549: 6547: 6545: 6531: 6525: 6524: 6522: 6520: 6506: 6500: 6499: 6489: 6449: 6443: 6442: 6440: 6438: 6424: 6418: 6417: 6407: 6367: 6361: 6360: 6350: 6310: 6304: 6303: 6301: 6299: 6280: 6274: 6273: 6271: 6269: 6250: 6244: 6243: 6241: 6239: 6220: 6214: 6213: 6203: 6163: 6157: 6156: 6144: 6138: 6137: 6101: 6095: 6094: 6074: 6068: 6067: 6057: 6025: 6016: 6015: 6005: 5973: 5967: 5966: 5930: 5924: 5923: 5895: 5889: 5888: 5878: 5854: 5848: 5847: 5845: 5843: 5838:on 19 March 2017 5834:. Archived from 5824: 5818: 5817: 5815: 5813: 5799: 5793: 5792: 5790: 5788: 5774: 5768: 5767: 5765: 5763: 5748: 5742: 5741: 5739: 5737: 5714: 5708: 5707: 5702: 5700: 5694: 5683: 5674: 5668: 5667: 5657: 5647: 5623: 5617: 5616: 5606: 5596: 5572: 5566: 5565: 5555: 5531: 5525: 5524: 5522: 5520: 5505: 5499: 5498: 5488: 5478: 5454: 5448: 5447: 5445: 5443: 5429: 5423: 5422: 5420: 5418: 5404: 5398: 5397: 5387: 5377: 5353: 5347: 5346: 5336: 5326: 5302: 5296: 5295: 5293: 5291: 5276: 5270: 5269: 5267: 5265:10.1038/150573d0 5236: 5227: 5226: 5224: 5222: 5203: 5197: 5196: 5171:(6): 1291–1301. 5160: 5154: 5153: 5125: 5119: 5118: 5116: 5114: 5103: 5097: 5096: 5094: 5092: 5081: 5066: 5065: 5063: 5061: 5042: 5036: 5035: 5033: 5031: 5017: 5011: 5010: 5008: 5006: 4987: 4981: 4968: 4962: 4949: 4943: 4942: 4914: 4901: 4900: 4898: 4896: 4881: 4872: 4871: 4869: 4867: 4852: 4843: 4842: 4840: 4838: 4823: 4817: 4816: 4796: 4790: 4789: 4771: 4747: 4741: 4740: 4738: 4736: 4717: 4711: 4710: 4700: 4683:(2): 359–93, x. 4668: 4662: 4661: 4651: 4619: 4613: 4612: 4602: 4578: 4572: 4571: 4561: 4544:(9): 1044–1051. 4529: 4523: 4522: 4512: 4480: 4474: 4473: 4463: 4439: 4433: 4432: 4414: 4408: 4407: 4405: 4403: 4398:on 8 August 2016 4394:. Archived from 4384: 4378: 4377: 4375: 4373: 4362:WHO—Yellow fever 4354: 4348: 4347: 4335: 4329: 4328: 4326: 4324: 4310: 4304: 4303: 4283: 4277: 4276: 4258: 4234: 4228: 4227: 4225: 4223: 4204: 4198: 4197: 4169: 4163: 4162: 4152: 4142: 4118: 4112: 4111: 4109: 4107: 4093: 4084: 4083: 4073: 4063: 4039: 4033: 4032: 4030: 4028: 4014: 4003: 4002: 4000: 3998: 3984: 3973: 3972: 3962: 3930: 3924: 3923: 3913: 3881: 3875: 3874: 3864: 3832: 3826: 3825: 3815: 3775: 3769: 3768: 3758: 3735:The AAPS Journal 3726: 3720: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3680: 3674: 3673: 3663: 3631: 3625: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3606: 3600: 3599: 3589: 3557: 3551: 3550: 3540: 3508: 3502: 3501: 3491: 3481: 3479:10.3390/v6020404 3457: 3451: 3450: 3440: 3408: 3397: 3396: 3362: 3356: 3355: 3345: 3321: 3315: 3314: 3312: 3310: 3296: 3290: 3289: 3287: 3285: 3270: 3264: 3263: 3253: 3219: 3213: 3212: 3194: 3188: 3187: 3151: 3145: 3144: 3108: 3095: 3078: 3072: 3045: 3039: 3038: 3018: 3012: 3011: 2994: 2988: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2969: 2963: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2943: 2937: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2917: 2911: 2910: 2887: 2881: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2863: 2857: 2856: 2820: 2803: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2783: 2777: 2776: 2766: 2718: 2712: 2711: 2701: 2677: 2668: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2644: 2638: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2619: 2613: 2612: 2594: 2583: 2582: 2572: 2554: 2529: 2523: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2513:on 24 April 2022 2509:. Archived from 2499: 2490: 2489: 2487: 2485: 2471: 2465: 2464: 2444: 2438: 2437: 2427: 2417: 2393: 2382: 2381: 2353: 2324: 2323: 2321: 2319: 2300: 2239: 2238: 2217:Bazin H (2011). 2214: 2208: 2207: 2183: 2159: 2156: 2150: 2147: 2141: 2138: 2047: 2033: 2019: 2003: 1859:cordon sanitaire 1813:in southeastern 1785: 1777: 1738:Cartagena, Chile 1712:James Hutchinson 1403:sentinel species 1320:Yellow fever is 1123: 1117: 1111: 1105: 1099: 1046:on exposed skin. 898:of hepatocytes. 858:already occurs. 778:epithelial cells 760:Aedes albopictus 636: 632: 628: 579: 451: 450: 432: 418: 417: 386: 329:changing climate 250:loss of appetite 70: 50: 49: 21: 10506: 10505: 10501: 10500: 10499: 10497: 10496: 10495: 10461: 10460: 10459: 10454: 10446: 10441: 10433: 10428: 10420: 10415: 10407: 10402: 10394: 10389: 10380: 10379: 10374: 10365: 10364: 10359: 10346: 10336: 10324: 10314: 10312: 10304: 10302: 10289: 10269: 10234: 10224: 10199: 10169: 10143: 10132: 10095: 10070:Paramyxoviridae 10063: 10016: 9953: 9942: 9920: 9851: 9762: 9751: 9736: 9716: 9700:Pappataci fever 9693:Oropouche virus 9688:Oropouche fever 9662: 9651: 9621: 9601: 9519: 9491:Heartland virus 9461: 9450: 9430: 9402:Pogosta disease 9330: 9277:West Nile fever 9208: 9089: 9078: 9071: 9058: 9028: 9023: 9022: 8985: 8984: 8902: 8877: 8858: 8839: 8831: 8823: 8818: 8812: 8793: 8759: 8705: 8684: 8665: 8664: 8663: 8648: 8647: 8643: 8636: 8634:Further reading 8631: 8630: 8623: 8607: 8603: 8556: 8552: 8521: 8517: 8480: 8473: 8426: 8422: 8412: 8410: 8402: 8401: 8397: 8387: 8385: 8370: 8366: 8356: 8354: 8341: 8337: 8327: 8325: 8320: 8319: 8315: 8284: 8280: 8249: 8245: 8234: 8230: 8213:Teresa A. Meade 8211: 8207: 8174:(1): e0007831. 8160: 8156: 8145: 8141: 8134: 8112: 8108: 8098: 8096: 8083: 8082: 8078: 8071: 8053: 8049: 8026:(10): 881–885. 8012: 8008: 8001:Wayback Machine 7994:Delta Omega.org 7982:Wayback Machine 7960:Wayback Machine 7949: 7945: 7932: 7928: 7922:Wayback Machine 7913: 7909: 7899: 7897: 7888: 7887: 7883: 7874: 7870: 7839: 7835: 7828: 7810: 7806: 7796: 7794: 7785: 7784: 7780: 7769: 7765: 7755: 7753: 7740: 7739: 7735: 7725: 7723: 7719: 7712: 7708: 7707: 7703: 7693: 7691: 7683: 7682: 7678: 7667: 7665: 7654: 7650: 7645: 7641: 7631: 7629: 7602: 7596: 7592: 7587: 7583: 7578: 7574: 7569: 7565: 7555: 7554: 7550: 7535: 7531: 7521: 7519: 7511: 7510: 7506: 7496: 7494: 7483: 7479: 7470: 7466: 7461:Wayback Machine 7447: 7443: 7433: 7431: 7422: 7421: 7417: 7398: 7394: 7384: 7382: 7373: 7372: 7368: 7358: 7356: 7343: 7342: 7338: 7323: 7319: 7288: 7284: 7277: 7261: 7257: 7246: 7230: 7226: 7216: 7214: 7205: 7204: 7200: 7189: 7185: 7175: 7173: 7163: 7159: 7128: 7124: 7101: 7097: 7058: 7054: 7001: 6997: 6990: 6976: 6972: 6949: 6945: 6908: 6892: 6888: 6865: 6861: 6852: 6848: 6801: 6797: 6778: 6774: 6765: 6761: 6714: 6710: 6695: 6673: 6669: 6622: 6618: 6587: 6583: 6572: 6568: 6557: 6553: 6543: 6541: 6533: 6532: 6528: 6518: 6516: 6508: 6507: 6503: 6450: 6446: 6436: 6434: 6426: 6425: 6421: 6368: 6364: 6311: 6307: 6297: 6295: 6282: 6281: 6277: 6267: 6265: 6252: 6251: 6247: 6237: 6235: 6222: 6221: 6217: 6164: 6160: 6145: 6141: 6102: 6098: 6091: 6075: 6071: 6026: 6019: 5974: 5970: 5947:10.1002/rmv.584 5931: 5927: 5896: 5892: 5855: 5851: 5841: 5839: 5826: 5825: 5821: 5811: 5809: 5801: 5800: 5796: 5786: 5784: 5776: 5775: 5771: 5761: 5759: 5750: 5749: 5745: 5735: 5733: 5715: 5711: 5698: 5696: 5692: 5681: 5675: 5671: 5638:(1): e0006115. 5624: 5620: 5587:(6): e0008205. 5573: 5569: 5546:(Pt A): 54–59. 5532: 5528: 5518: 5516: 5506: 5502: 5455: 5451: 5441: 5439: 5431: 5430: 5426: 5416: 5414: 5406: 5405: 5401: 5354: 5350: 5303: 5299: 5289: 5287: 5277: 5273: 5238: 5237: 5230: 5220: 5218: 5205: 5204: 5200: 5161: 5157: 5126: 5122: 5112: 5110: 5105: 5104: 5100: 5090: 5088: 5083: 5082: 5069: 5059: 5057: 5044: 5043: 5039: 5029: 5027: 5019: 5018: 5014: 5004: 5002: 4989: 4988: 4984: 4978:Wayback Machine 4969: 4965: 4959:Wayback Machine 4950: 4946: 4915: 4904: 4894: 4892: 4883: 4882: 4875: 4865: 4863: 4854: 4853: 4846: 4836: 4834: 4824: 4820: 4813: 4797: 4793: 4748: 4744: 4734: 4732: 4719: 4718: 4714: 4669: 4665: 4620: 4616: 4579: 4575: 4530: 4526: 4481: 4477: 4440: 4436: 4429: 4415: 4411: 4401: 4399: 4386: 4385: 4381: 4371: 4369: 4356: 4355: 4351: 4336: 4332: 4322: 4320: 4312: 4311: 4307: 4300: 4284: 4280: 4235: 4231: 4221: 4219: 4206: 4205: 4201: 4170: 4166: 4119: 4115: 4105: 4103: 4095: 4094: 4087: 4040: 4036: 4026: 4024: 4016: 4015: 4006: 3996: 3994: 3986: 3985: 3976: 3931: 3927: 3882: 3878: 3833: 3829: 3776: 3772: 3727: 3723: 3713: 3711: 3681: 3677: 3632: 3628: 3618: 3616: 3614:medlineplus.gov 3608: 3607: 3603: 3558: 3554: 3509: 3505: 3458: 3454: 3409: 3400: 3385: 3363: 3359: 3322: 3318: 3308: 3306: 3298: 3297: 3293: 3283: 3281: 3272: 3271: 3267: 3242: 3220: 3216: 3209: 3195: 3191: 3152: 3148: 3109: 3098: 3079: 3075: 3046: 3042: 3019: 3015: 3008: 2996: 2995: 2991: 2981: 2979: 2971: 2970: 2966: 2956: 2954: 2945: 2944: 2940: 2930: 2928: 2919: 2918: 2914: 2904: 2893:West Nile Virus 2888: 2884: 2874: 2872: 2865: 2864: 2860: 2821: 2806: 2796: 2794: 2785: 2784: 2780: 2719: 2715: 2678: 2671: 2661: 2659: 2646: 2645: 2641: 2631: 2629: 2621: 2620: 2616: 2609: 2599:Fields Virology 2595: 2586: 2545:(8): e0008405. 2530: 2526: 2516: 2514: 2501: 2500: 2493: 2483: 2481: 2473: 2472: 2468: 2461: 2445: 2441: 2408:(5): e1001638. 2394: 2385: 2354: 2327: 2317: 2315: 2302: 2301: 2242: 2231: 2215: 2211: 2200: 2184: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2162: 2157: 2153: 2148: 2144: 2139: 2135: 2130: 2088: 2060: 2053: 2048: 2039: 2034: 2025: 2020: 2011: 2004: 1940:medical consent 1868: 1783: 1775: 1668:Charles Leclerc 1655:Napoleonic Wars 1653:and during the 1623:Wayback Machine 1605:Wayback Machine 1503: 1498: 1492: 1450: 1371: 1331: 1318: 1294:antiviral drugs 1277: 1254:Lethal ovitraps 1186: 1177: 1125: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1113: 1109: 1107: 1103: 1101: 1097: 1074: 1068: 1023: 919: 872:dendritic cells 864: 825:Aedes africanus 786:salivary glands 722: 706:Golgi apparatus 659:dendritic cells 634: 630: 626: 625:. Minimal YFV 3 562: 522:Amarillovirales 498:Kitrinoviricota 445: 416: 407: 355: 270:kidney problems 203:Supportive care 48: 43: 36:Maelgwn Gwynedd 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10504: 10494: 10493: 10488: 10483: 10478: 10473: 10456: 10455: 10453: 10452: 10439: 10426: 10413: 10400: 10387: 10372: 10356: 10354: 10348: 10347: 10335: 10334: 10322: 10299: 10298: 10295: 10294: 10291: 10290: 10288: 10287: 10281: 10279: 10271: 10270: 10268: 10267: 10262: 10261: 10260: 10249: 10247: 10236: 10230: 10229: 10226: 10225: 10223: 10222: 10217: 10211: 10209: 10201: 10200: 10198: 10197: 10192: 10187: 10181: 10179: 10171: 10170: 10168: 10167: 10159: 10157: 10146: 10138: 10137: 10134: 10133: 10131: 10130: 10129: 10128: 10123: 10113: 10107: 10105: 10097: 10096: 10094: 10093: 10092: 10091: 10086: 10075: 10073: 10065: 10064: 10062: 10061: 10056: 10055: 10054: 10049: 10044: 10039: 10028: 10026: 10018: 10017: 10015: 10014: 10013: 10012: 10007: 9997: 9996: 9995: 9990: 9985: 9980: 9969: 9967: 9956: 9948: 9947: 9944: 9943: 9941: 9940: 9932: 9930: 9922: 9921: 9919: 9918: 9917: 9916: 9911: 9901: 9900: 9899: 9894: 9889: 9884: 9879: 9874: 9863: 9861: 9853: 9852: 9850: 9849: 9844: 9839: 9838: 9837: 9829: 9828: 9827: 9817: 9816: 9815: 9805: 9804: 9803: 9795: 9794: 9793: 9778: 9776: 9765: 9754: 9746: 9745: 9742: 9741: 9738: 9737: 9735: 9734: 9728: 9726: 9718: 9717: 9715: 9714: 9709: 9708: 9707: 9697: 9696: 9695: 9685: 9678: 9676: 9665: 9657: 9656: 9653: 9652: 9650: 9649: 9644: 9643: 9642: 9633: 9631: 9623: 9622: 9620: 9619: 9613: 9611: 9603: 9602: 9600: 9599: 9598: 9597: 9589: 9588: 9587: 9582: 9574: 9573: 9572: 9560: 9559: 9558: 9548: 9547: 9546: 9531: 9529: 9521: 9520: 9518: 9517: 9508: 9503: 9493: 9488: 9477: 9475: 9464: 9456: 9455: 9452: 9451: 9449: 9448: 9442: 9440: 9432: 9431: 9429: 9428: 9423: 9422: 9421: 9411: 9410: 9409: 9399: 9398: 9397: 9389: 9388: 9387: 9377: 9376: 9375: 9367: 9366: 9365: 9357: 9356: 9355: 9342: 9340: 9332: 9331: 9329: 9328: 9327: 9326: 9316: 9315: 9314: 9304: 9303: 9302: 9287: 9286: 9285: 9284: 9274: 9273: 9272: 9264: 9263: 9262: 9254: 9253: 9252: 9247: 9237: 9236: 9235: 9220: 9218: 9210: 9209: 9207: 9206: 9205: 9204: 9196: 9195: 9194: 9186: 9185: 9184: 9171: 9170: 9165: 9164: 9163: 9155: 9154: 9153: 9145: 9140: 9139: 9138: 9130: 9129: 9128: 9120: 9119: 9118: 9105: 9103: 9092: 9081: 9073: 9072: 9064:viral diseases 9057: 9056: 9049: 9042: 9034: 9025: 9024: 9021: 9020: 9006: 8994: 8993: 8991: 8987: 8986: 8983: 8982: 8971: 8960: 8949: 8934: 8919: 8903: 8898: 8897: 8895: 8894:Classification 8888: 8887: 8875: 8866: 8825: 8824: 8822: 8821:External links 8819: 8817: 8816: 8810: 8797: 8791: 8776: 8763: 8757: 8744: 8709: 8703: 8688: 8682: 8666: 8662: 8661: 8656: 8650: 8649: 8638: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8629: 8628: 8621: 8601: 8550: 8515: 8494:(3): 306–312. 8471: 8420: 8404:"Yellow fever" 8395: 8364: 8335: 8313: 8294:(1): 103–111. 8278: 8243: 8228: 8205: 8154: 8139: 8132: 8106: 8076: 8069: 8047: 8006: 8004: 8003: 7991: 7943: 7926: 7907: 7896:. 30 June 2020 7894:West Bend News 7881: 7875:James Taylor, 7868: 7833: 7826: 7804: 7778: 7763: 7733: 7701: 7685:"Yellow Fever" 7676: 7648: 7639: 7613:(2): 166–186. 7607:Social History 7590: 7581: 7572: 7563: 7548: 7529: 7504: 7477: 7464: 7441: 7415: 7392: 7366: 7336: 7317: 7298:(8): 855–865. 7282: 7275: 7255: 7244: 7224: 7198: 7183: 7157: 7138:(4): 343–364. 7122: 7095: 7068:(226): 79–92. 7052: 6995: 6988: 6970: 6959:(2): 132–136. 6943: 6941: 6940: 6886: 6859: 6846: 6795: 6772: 6759: 6722:PLOS Pathogens 6708: 6693: 6667: 6630:PLOS Pathogens 6616: 6597:(5): 252–257. 6581: 6566: 6551: 6526: 6501: 6444: 6419: 6362: 6305: 6275: 6245: 6215: 6158: 6139: 6112:(1): 175–185. 6096: 6089: 6069: 6017: 5968: 5941:(5): 331–346. 5925: 5890: 5849: 5819: 5794: 5769: 5743: 5719:"Yellow Fever" 5709: 5669: 5618: 5567: 5526: 5500: 5449: 5424: 5399: 5348: 5297: 5271: 5228: 5198: 5155: 5120: 5098: 5067: 5037: 5012: 4991:"Yellow fever" 4982: 4963: 4944: 4925:(3): 308–313. 4902: 4873: 4844: 4818: 4811: 4791: 4762:(5): 272–280. 4742: 4712: 4663: 4634:(1): 111–130. 4614: 4593:(2): 299–307. 4573: 4524: 4475: 4434: 4427: 4409: 4379: 4349: 4330: 4305: 4298: 4278: 4229: 4199: 4180:(5): 533–535. 4164: 4113: 4085: 4034: 4018:"Yellow fever" 4004: 3988:"Yellow fever" 3974: 3945:(2): 813–820. 3925: 3876: 3847:(1): a013250. 3827: 3770: 3721: 3695:(7): 898–904. 3675: 3626: 3601: 3552: 3503: 3472:(2): 404–427. 3452: 3398: 3383: 3357: 3336:(8): 960–962. 3316: 3291: 3265: 3240: 3214: 3207: 3189: 3162:(4): 391–427. 3146: 3119:(1): 116–124. 3096: 3073: 3040: 3029:(3): 250–256. 3013: 3006: 2989: 2973:"Yellow fever" 2964: 2947:"Yellow fever" 2938: 2912: 2902: 2882: 2858: 2804: 2778: 2713: 2699:10.1086/511869 2692:(6): 850–856. 2669: 2639: 2614: 2607: 2584: 2524: 2491: 2475:"Yellow fever" 2466: 2459: 2439: 2383: 2325: 2240: 2229: 2209: 2198: 2170: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2160: 2151: 2142: 2132: 2131: 2129: 2126: 2087: 2084: 2080:sylvatic cycle 2059: 2058:Current status 2056: 2055: 2054: 2049: 2042: 2040: 2035: 2028: 2026: 2021: 2014: 2012: 2005: 1998: 1924:William Gorgas 1892:Josiah C. Nott 1867: 1864: 1769:Smith Thompson 1664:Saint-Domingue 1651:Colonial times 1638: 1637: 1612: 1502: 1499: 1494:Main article: 1491: 1488: 1480: 1479: 1476: 1469: 1449: 1446: 1370: 1367: 1330: 1327: 1317: 1314: 1279:As with other 1276: 1273: 1185: 1184:Vector control 1182: 1176: 1173: 1120: 1114: 1108: 1102: 1096: 1070:Main article: 1067: 1064: 1063: 1062: 1055: 1047: 1022: 1019: 927:symptomatology 918: 915: 903:cytokine storm 894:appear in the 863: 860: 820:sylvatic cycle 721: 718: 675:virus envelope 564: 563: 556: 554: 550: 549: 542: 538: 537: 530: 526: 525: 518: 514: 513: 510:Flasuviricetes 506: 502: 501: 494: 490: 489: 482: 478: 477: 470: 463: 462: 457: 453: 452: 439: 438: 434: 433: 425: 424: 415: 412: 406: 403: 371:abdominal pain 354: 351: 272:is increased. 238:short duration 222: 221: 218: 214: 213: 210: 206: 205: 200: 196: 195: 190: 186: 185: 180: 174: 173: 164: 160: 159: 156: 152: 151: 148: 144: 143: 134: 128: 127: 106: 100: 99: 94: 88: 87: 72: 71: 63: 62: 59: 55: 54: 46: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10503: 10492: 10489: 10487: 10484: 10482: 10479: 10477: 10474: 10472: 10469: 10468: 10466: 10449: 10444: 10440: 10436: 10431: 10427: 10423: 10418: 10414: 10410: 10405: 10401: 10397: 10392: 10388: 10383: 10377: 10373: 10368: 10362: 10358: 10357: 10355: 10353: 10349: 10345: 10340: 10333: 10328: 10323: 10321: 10311: 10310: 10307: 10286: 10283: 10282: 10280: 10278: 10277: 10272: 10266: 10263: 10259: 10256: 10255: 10254: 10251: 10250: 10248: 10246: 10245: 10244:Rhabdoviridae 10240: 10237: 10231: 10221: 10218: 10216: 10213: 10212: 10210: 10208: 10207: 10202: 10196: 10193: 10191: 10188: 10186: 10183: 10182: 10180: 10178: 10177: 10172: 10166: 10165: 10161: 10160: 10158: 10156: 10155: 10154:Herpesviridae 10150: 10147: 10145: 10139: 10127: 10124: 10122: 10119: 10118: 10117: 10114: 10112: 10109: 10108: 10106: 10104: 10103: 10102:Coronaviridae 10098: 10090: 10087: 10085: 10082: 10081: 10080: 10077: 10076: 10074: 10072: 10071: 10066: 10060: 10057: 10053: 10050: 10048: 10045: 10043: 10040: 10038: 10035: 10034: 10033: 10030: 10029: 10027: 10025: 10024: 10023:Rhabdoviridae 10019: 10011: 10008: 10006: 10003: 10002: 10001: 9998: 9994: 9991: 9989: 9986: 9984: 9981: 9979: 9976: 9975: 9974: 9971: 9970: 9968: 9966: 9965: 9960: 9957: 9955: 9949: 9939: 9938: 9934: 9933: 9931: 9929: 9928: 9927:Herpesviridae 9923: 9915: 9912: 9910: 9907: 9906: 9905: 9902: 9898: 9895: 9893: 9890: 9888: 9885: 9883: 9880: 9878: 9875: 9873: 9870: 9869: 9868: 9865: 9864: 9862: 9860: 9859: 9854: 9848: 9845: 9843: 9840: 9835: 9834: 9833: 9830: 9826: 9823: 9822: 9821: 9818: 9814: 9811: 9810: 9809: 9806: 9801: 9800: 9799: 9796: 9792: 9789: 9788: 9787: 9783: 9780: 9779: 9777: 9775: 9774: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9758: 9755: 9753: 9747: 9733: 9730: 9729: 9727: 9725: 9724: 9723:Rhabdoviridae 9719: 9713: 9710: 9706: 9705:Toscana virus 9703: 9702: 9701: 9698: 9694: 9691: 9690: 9689: 9686: 9683: 9680: 9679: 9677: 9675: 9674: 9669: 9666: 9664: 9658: 9648: 9645: 9640: 9639: 9638: 9635: 9634: 9632: 9630: 9629: 9624: 9618: 9617:Bourbon virus 9615: 9614: 9612: 9610: 9609: 9604: 9595: 9594: 9593: 9590: 9586: 9583: 9580: 9579: 9578: 9575: 9570: 9569: 9568: 9564: 9561: 9557: 9554: 9553: 9552: 9549: 9545: 9542: 9541: 9540: 9536: 9533: 9532: 9530: 9528: 9527: 9522: 9516: 9512: 9509: 9507: 9504: 9501: 9497: 9494: 9492: 9489: 9486: 9482: 9479: 9478: 9476: 9474: 9473: 9468: 9465: 9463: 9457: 9447: 9444: 9443: 9441: 9439: 9438: 9433: 9427: 9424: 9420: 9417: 9416: 9415: 9412: 9408: 9407:Sindbis virus 9405: 9404: 9403: 9400: 9395: 9394: 9393: 9390: 9386: 9383: 9382: 9381: 9378: 9373: 9372: 9371: 9368: 9363: 9362: 9361: 9358: 9353: 9352: 9351: 9347: 9344: 9343: 9341: 9339: 9338: 9333: 9325: 9322: 9321: 9320: 9317: 9313: 9310: 9309: 9308: 9305: 9301: 9298: 9297: 9296: 9292: 9289: 9288: 9283: 9280: 9279: 9278: 9275: 9270: 9269: 9268: 9265: 9260: 9259: 9258: 9255: 9251: 9248: 9246: 9243: 9242: 9241: 9238: 9234: 9231: 9230: 9229: 9225: 9222: 9221: 9219: 9217: 9216: 9211: 9202: 9201: 9200: 9197: 9192: 9191: 9190: 9187: 9182: 9181: 9180: 9176: 9173: 9172: 9169: 9166: 9161: 9160: 9159: 9156: 9151: 9150: 9149: 9146: 9144: 9141: 9136: 9135: 9134: 9131: 9126: 9125: 9124: 9121: 9116: 9115: 9114: 9110: 9107: 9106: 9104: 9102: 9101: 9096: 9093: 9091: 9085: 9082: 9080: 9074: 9069: 9065: 9062: 9055: 9050: 9048: 9043: 9041: 9036: 9035: 9032: 9019: 9016: 9012: 9011: 9007: 9005: 9001: 9000: 8996: 8995: 8992: 8988: 8981: 8977: 8976: 8972: 8970: 8966: 8965: 8961: 8959: 8955: 8954: 8950: 8948: 8944: 8943: 8939: 8935: 8933: 8929: 8928: 8924: 8920: 8918: 8914: 8913: 8909: 8905: 8904: 8901: 8896: 8892: 8884: 8880: 8876: 8874: 8870: 8867: 8865: 8861: 8856: 8852: 8851: 8846: 8841: 8840: 8837: 8836: 8829: 8813: 8807: 8803: 8798: 8794: 8788: 8784: 8783: 8777: 8774:(9): 618–624. 8773: 8769: 8768:History Today 8764: 8760: 8754: 8750: 8745: 8741: 8737: 8732: 8727: 8723: 8719: 8718:MEDICC Review 8715: 8710: 8706: 8700: 8696: 8695: 8689: 8685: 8679: 8675: 8674: 8668: 8667: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8651: 8646: 8641: 8624: 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7690: 7686: 7680: 7663: 7659: 7652: 7643: 7628: 7624: 7620: 7616: 7612: 7608: 7601: 7594: 7585: 7576: 7567: 7559: 7552: 7544: 7540: 7533: 7518: 7514: 7508: 7492: 7488: 7481: 7474: 7468: 7462: 7458: 7455: 7451: 7445: 7429: 7425: 7419: 7411: 7406: 7405: 7396: 7380: 7376: 7370: 7354: 7350: 7346: 7340: 7333:(2): 163–194. 7332: 7328: 7321: 7313: 7309: 7305: 7301: 7297: 7293: 7286: 7278: 7272: 7269:. McFarland. 7268: 7267: 7259: 7251: 7247: 7241: 7237: 7236: 7228: 7212: 7208: 7202: 7194: 7187: 7172: 7168: 7161: 7153: 7149: 7145: 7141: 7137: 7133: 7126: 7118: 7114: 7110: 7106: 7099: 7091: 7087: 7083: 7079: 7075: 7071: 7067: 7063: 7056: 7048: 7044: 7039: 7034: 7030: 7026: 7022: 7018: 7014: 7010: 7006: 6999: 6991: 6985: 6981: 6974: 6966: 6962: 6958: 6954: 6947: 6937: 6933: 6928: 6923: 6919: 6915: 6911: 6907: 6906: 6904: 6903:Benjamin Rush 6900: 6896: 6890: 6882: 6878: 6874: 6870: 6863: 6856: 6850: 6842: 6838: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6814: 6810: 6806: 6799: 6791: 6786: 6785: 6776: 6769: 6763: 6755: 6751: 6746: 6741: 6736: 6731: 6727: 6723: 6719: 6712: 6704: 6700: 6696: 6690: 6686: 6682: 6678: 6671: 6663: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6635: 6631: 6627: 6620: 6612: 6608: 6604: 6600: 6596: 6592: 6585: 6577: 6570: 6562: 6555: 6540: 6536: 6530: 6515: 6511: 6505: 6497: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6479: 6475: 6471: 6467: 6463: 6459: 6455: 6448: 6433: 6429: 6423: 6415: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6397: 6393: 6389: 6385: 6381: 6377: 6373: 6366: 6358: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6340: 6336: 6332: 6328: 6324: 6320: 6316: 6309: 6293: 6289: 6288:wwwnc.cdc.gov 6285: 6279: 6263: 6259: 6255: 6249: 6233: 6229: 6225: 6219: 6211: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6193: 6189: 6185: 6181: 6177: 6173: 6169: 6162: 6154: 6150: 6143: 6135: 6131: 6127: 6123: 6119: 6115: 6111: 6107: 6100: 6092: 6086: 6082: 6081: 6073: 6065: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6047: 6043: 6039: 6035: 6031: 6024: 6022: 6013: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5995: 5991: 5987: 5983: 5979: 5972: 5964: 5960: 5956: 5952: 5948: 5944: 5940: 5936: 5929: 5921: 5917: 5913: 5909: 5905: 5901: 5894: 5886: 5882: 5877: 5872: 5868: 5864: 5860: 5853: 5837: 5833: 5829: 5823: 5808: 5804: 5798: 5783: 5779: 5773: 5757: 5753: 5747: 5732: 5728: 5724: 5720: 5713: 5706: 5695:on 6 May 2021 5691: 5687: 5680: 5673: 5665: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5637: 5633: 5629: 5622: 5614: 5610: 5605: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5578: 5571: 5563: 5559: 5554: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5530: 5515: 5511: 5504: 5496: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5460: 5453: 5438: 5434: 5428: 5413: 5409: 5403: 5395: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5352: 5344: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5325: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5308: 5301: 5286: 5282: 5275: 5266: 5261: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5241: 5235: 5233: 5216: 5212: 5208: 5202: 5194: 5190: 5186: 5182: 5178: 5174: 5170: 5166: 5159: 5151: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5135: 5131: 5124: 5108: 5102: 5086: 5080: 5078: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5041: 5026: 5022: 5016: 5000: 4996: 4992: 4986: 4979: 4975: 4972: 4967: 4960: 4956: 4953: 4948: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4913: 4911: 4909: 4907: 4890: 4886: 4880: 4878: 4861: 4857: 4851: 4849: 4833: 4829: 4822: 4814: 4808: 4804: 4803: 4795: 4787: 4783: 4779: 4775: 4770: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4746: 4730: 4726: 4722: 4716: 4708: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4690: 4686: 4682: 4678: 4674: 4667: 4659: 4655: 4650: 4645: 4641: 4637: 4633: 4629: 4625: 4618: 4610: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4577: 4569: 4565: 4560: 4555: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4528: 4520: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4479: 4471: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4438: 4430: 4424: 4420: 4413: 4397: 4393: 4389: 4383: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4353: 4345: 4341: 4334: 4319: 4315: 4309: 4301: 4295: 4292:. McFarland. 4291: 4290: 4282: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4257: 4252: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4233: 4217: 4213: 4209: 4203: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4168: 4160: 4156: 4151: 4146: 4141: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4117: 4102: 4098: 4092: 4090: 4081: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4062: 4057: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4038: 4023: 4019: 4013: 4011: 4009: 3993: 3989: 3983: 3981: 3979: 3970: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3929: 3921: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3880: 3872: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3831: 3823: 3819: 3814: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3793: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3774: 3766: 3762: 3757: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3725: 3710: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3679: 3671: 3667: 3662: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3630: 3615: 3611: 3605: 3597: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3556: 3548: 3544: 3539: 3534: 3530: 3526: 3522: 3518: 3514: 3507: 3499: 3495: 3490: 3485: 3480: 3475: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3456: 3448: 3444: 3439: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3407: 3405: 3403: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3361: 3353: 3349: 3344: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3320: 3305: 3301: 3295: 3279: 3275: 3269: 3261: 3257: 3252: 3247: 3243: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3218: 3210: 3204: 3200: 3193: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3150: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3107: 3105: 3103: 3101: 3094: 3093:0-688-02666-4 3090: 3086: 3084: 3077: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3049:Irwin Sherman 3044: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3025:(in French). 3024: 3017: 3009: 3003: 2999: 2993: 2978: 2974: 2968: 2952: 2948: 2942: 2926: 2922: 2916: 2909: 2905: 2899: 2895: 2894: 2886: 2871: 2868: 2862: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2834: 2830: 2826: 2819: 2817: 2815: 2813: 2811: 2809: 2792: 2788: 2782: 2774: 2770: 2765: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2717: 2709: 2705: 2700: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2676: 2674: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2643: 2628: 2624: 2618: 2610: 2604: 2600: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2580: 2576: 2571: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2528: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2498: 2496: 2480: 2476: 2470: 2462: 2456: 2452: 2451: 2443: 2435: 2431: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2402:PLOS Medicine 2399: 2392: 2390: 2388: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2364:(4): 97–140. 2363: 2359: 2352: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2299: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2291: 2289: 2287: 2285: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2236: 2232: 2226: 2222: 2221: 2213: 2205: 2201: 2195: 2191: 2190: 2182: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2171: 2155: 2146: 2137: 2133: 2125: 2123: 2118: 2116: 2115: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2093: 2083: 2081: 2076: 2074: 2069: 2065: 2052: 2046: 2041: 2038: 2032: 2027: 2024: 2023:Carlos Finlay 2018: 2013: 2009: 2002: 1997: 1996: 1995: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1968: 1965: 1961: 1956: 1954: 1953: 1948: 1943: 1941: 1935: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1917: 1913: 1912:James Carroll 1909: 1905: 1901: 1897: 1896:Carlos Finlay 1893: 1887: 1885: 1878: 1876: 1872: 1863: 1861: 1860: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1830: 1826: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1811:Hampton Roads 1808: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1791: 1789: 1782: 1774: 1770: 1765: 1761: 1760: 1754: 1749: 1747: 1744:in 1803; and 1743: 1742:Santo Domingo 1739: 1734: 1732: 1728: 1723: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1688:New York City 1684: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1669: 1665: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1647: 1644: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1624: 1620: 1617: 1613: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1599: 1595: 1594: 1593: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1567: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1536: 1531: 1524: 1519: 1512: 1507: 1501:Early history 1497: 1487: 1485: 1477: 1474: 1470: 1467: 1463: 1462: 1461: 1459: 1455: 1445: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1418: 1417: 1413: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1387: 1385: 1375: 1369:South America 1366: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1344: 1335: 1326: 1323: 1313: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1282: 1272: 1270: 1269: 1264: 1263:mosquito nets 1259: 1255: 1250: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1239: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1221: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1199: 1195: 1190: 1181: 1172: 1168: 1165: 1159: 1156: 1150: 1148: 1142: 1140: 1136: 1131: 1094: 1090: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1045: 1042:(IR3535), or 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1028: 1027: 1018: 1016: 1012: 1011:Marburg virus 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 987: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 964: 962: 958: 955: 951: 947: 942: 940: 936: 931: 928: 924: 914: 912: 908: 904: 899: 897: 893: 889: 885: 881: 880:Kupffer cells 877: 873: 869: 859: 857: 852: 850: 845: 843: 839: 838: 833: 832: 827: 826: 821: 816: 814: 810: 806: 802: 797: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 774: 770: 766: 762: 761: 756: 755: 750: 749:Aedes aegypti 742: 737: 730: 729:Aedes aegypti 726: 717: 715: 711: 707: 703: 698: 696: 692: 688: 684: 680: 676: 672: 669:. Inside the 668: 664: 660: 656: 655:Schwann cells 652: 648: 643: 641: 624: 620: 616: 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 585: 584: 575: 571: 561: 560: 555: 552: 551: 548: 547: 543: 540: 539: 536: 535: 531: 528: 527: 524: 523: 519: 516: 515: 512: 511: 507: 504: 503: 500: 499: 495: 492: 491: 488: 487: 486:Orthornavirae 483: 480: 479: 476: 475: 471: 468: 465: 464: 461: 458: 455: 454: 449: 444: 440: 435: 431: 426: 423: 419: 411: 402: 400: 395: 393: 392:fatality rate 388: 385: 380: 376: 372: 369:, as well as 368: 364: 359: 350: 347: 345: 341: 337: 332: 330: 324: 322: 317: 312: 311:is required. 310: 306: 305: 301:of the genus 300: 296: 292: 288: 287: 286:Aedes aegypti 282: 278: 273: 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 236:of typically 235: 232: 228: 219: 215: 211: 207: 204: 201: 197: 194: 191: 187: 184: 181: 179: 175: 172: 168: 165: 161: 157: 153: 149: 145: 142: 138: 137:Liver failure 135: 133: 132:Complications 129: 126: 122: 118: 114: 110: 107: 105: 101: 98: 95: 93: 89: 85: 81: 78: 73: 69: 64: 60: 56: 51: 45: 41: 37: 33: 27:Viral disease 19: 10471:Yellow fever 10351: 10274: 10265:Mokola virus 10242: 10204: 10176:Retroviridae 10174: 10162: 10152: 10100: 10068: 10021: 9962: 9935: 9925: 9858:Bunyavirales 9856: 9773:Arenaviridae 9771: 9721: 9673:Bunyavirales 9671: 9626: 9606: 9592:Langat virus 9526:Flaviviridae 9524: 9515:Bhanja virus 9472:Bunyavirales 9470: 9435: 9335: 9307:Yellow fever 9306: 9295:Dengue fever 9215:Flaviviridae 9213: 9158:Tahyna virus 9123:Bwamba Fever 9100:Bunyavirales 9098: 9008: 8997: 8973: 8962: 8951: 8936: 8921: 8906: 8882: 8860:Yellow fever 8848: 8833: 8801: 8781: 8771: 8767: 8748: 8724:(1): 56–59. 8721: 8717: 8693: 8672: 8645:Yellow fever 8644: 8611: 8604: 8567: 8563: 8553: 8528: 8524: 8518: 8491: 8487: 8437: 8433: 8423: 8411:. Retrieved 8407: 8398: 8386:, retrieved 8377: 8367: 8355:. Retrieved 8338: 8326:. Retrieved 8316: 8291: 8287: 8281: 8256: 8252: 8246: 8237: 8231: 8216: 8208: 8171: 8167: 8157: 8148: 8142: 8117: 8109: 8097:. Retrieved 8088: 8079: 8058: 8050: 8023: 8019: 8009: 7987: 7984: 7967: 7963: 7946: 7938: 7929: 7910: 7898:. Retrieved 7893: 7884: 7876: 7871: 7846: 7842: 7836: 7815: 7807: 7795:. Retrieved 7781: 7772: 7766: 7756:28 September 7754:. Retrieved 7750:the original 7745: 7736: 7726:28 September 7724:. Retrieved 7717:the original 7704: 7694:30 September 7692:. Retrieved 7688: 7679: 7666:. Retrieved 7662:the original 7651: 7642: 7630:. Retrieved 7610: 7606: 7593: 7584: 7575: 7566: 7557: 7551: 7542: 7538: 7532: 7520:. Retrieved 7516: 7507: 7495:. Retrieved 7491:the original 7480: 7472: 7467: 7449: 7444: 7432:. Retrieved 7418: 7403: 7395: 7383:. Retrieved 7378: 7369: 7357:. Retrieved 7348: 7339: 7330: 7326: 7320: 7295: 7291: 7285: 7265: 7258: 7234: 7227: 7215:. 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