Conquest of California

4579:, a wealthy educated woman of influence and Santa Barbara town matriarch, who had four sons on the Mexican side. She asked for and was granted ten minutes of Frémont's time, which stretched to two hours; she advised him that a generous peace would be to his political advantage – one that included Pico's pardon, release of prisoners, equal rights for all Californians and respect of property rights. Frémont later wrote, "I found that her object was to use her influence to put an end to the war, and to do so upon such just and friendly terms of compromise as would make the peace acceptable and enduring. ... She wished me to take into my mind this plan of settlement, to which she would influence her people; meantime, she urged me to hold my hand, so far as possible. ... I assured her I would bear her wishes in mind when the occasion came." The next day, Bernarda accompanied Frémont south. 1984: 1626: 1924: 2182: 894: 768: 757: 727: 716: 509: 500: 483: 466: 449: 438: 427: 383: 370: 357: 308: 2039: 1859: 1054: 940: 868: 856: 844: 831: 819: 807: 795: 669: 660: 649: 638: 629: 618: 609: 598: 585: 566: 547: 534: 521: 1024: 1000: 700: 418: 409: 396: 338: 322: 2322: 100: 742: 1685: 3782:

rejected the surrender. Ezekiel Merritt and John Grigsby asserted that Frémont had ordered the capture of Sonoma. William Ide beseeched his fellow insurgents to keep themselves under control. 24 Osos stood with him and elected him their leader. William Todd fashioned the Bear Flag, which was later raised in Sonoma Plaza. Ten men were selected to escort four prisoners taken from the Vallejo's homestead, including Mariano Vallejo, to the American camp, 80 miles away.

1788:, these movements had to be made well in advance of any possible conflict to be effective. Initially, with no United States ports in the Pacific, the squadron's ships operated out of storeships that provided naval supplies, purchased food and obtained water from local ports of call in the Sandwich Islands and on the Pacific coast. Their orders were, upon determining "beyond a doubt" that war had been declared, to capture the ports and cities of Alta California. 2269: 9369: 2399: 578: 559: 493: 476: 459: 1754: 2593:. He rendezvoused with his men after a Native American attack in the Mojave Desert. He was again arrested by Governor Echeandía for illegal entry into Mexico. The governor again released Smith after several English-speaking California residents vouched for him. Smith again was ordered to leave and never return to California. Smith did as before and stayed in California for months where there was low Spanish presence. He explored the northern 2106: 111: 25: 2443:. The United States federal government and the newly created state government of California incited, aided, and financed the violence against the Native Americans, including massacres, cultural genocide, and forced enslavement. On January 6, 1851, at his State of the State address to the California Senate, the first Governor 3901:

Padilla's group, under the command of Captain Joaquin de la Torre. Ford's men opened fire from a distance, killing one and wounding one. Todd and his partner escaped, while the Californios returned to San Rafael and the Osos went to Sonoma. The "Battle of Olompali" was the only fight of the Bear Flag Republic.

2976:) is sent to defuse the situation between American settlers and Mexican Californios. The ship arrived in Monterey Bay on June 30, being the first American military ship to dock in California. US Marines landed on Californian soil, which caused Castro to release prisoners. The sloop left California on July 5. 4461:

Three men left camp to deliver a message to Stockton and were captured by Pico on their way back from San Diego. The wounded Kearny and his remaining force reached the San Bernardo riverbed and encountered a detachment of lancers, who opened fire. Kearny's forces scrambled up a low hill (later called

3041:

In the summer of 1841 an exploring expedition of six vessels under the command of Lieutenant Charles Wilkes reached San Francisco Bay, with special instructions from the US government to make careful surveys of that harbor. Thus in many ways the people and government of the United States were kept in

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The search party captured four Californians near San Antonio and also found a corral of horses at Olompali, near the mouth of the Petaluma River, which they assumed belonged to Padilla's group. When they approached the ranchhouse, they discovered about 50 uniformed Californio lancers, in addition to

3734:

Among the settlers, William Knight visited William Ide to report the rumor that "armed Spaniards on horseback" had been seen in the valley. The two rode to Frémont's camp north of New Helvetia. Another report to Frémont said that Lt. Francisco Arce, militia officer Jose Maria Alviso, and eight armed

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Frémont's party reached Rancho Bosquejo on Deer Creek, 200 miles (320 km) north of Sutter's Fort. His tentative plan was to map a route from the western slope of the Cascades across the Great Basin to link with the Oregon Trail. (Historians have suggested this was a calculated delaying tactic.)

3933:

General Castro, on the other side of San Francisco Bay, sent a boat across to Point San Pablo with a message for de la Torre. Kit Carson, Granville Swift and Sam Neal rode to the beach to intercept the three unarmed men who came ashore. Two 20-year-old twin brothers and the father of Jose Berryessa

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before the arrival of American forces. On August 13, 1846, when Stockton's forces entered Los Angeles with no resistance, the nearly bloodless conquest of California seemed complete. The force of 36 that Stockton left in Los Angeles was too small, and enforced a tyrannical control of the citizenry.

4644:

Stockton's army advanced toward the Californians' position and began crossing the river. Musket and cannon fire by Flores' forces, handicapped by poor quality powder, inflicted few casualties. Following the crossing and destructive American cannon fire, Kearny's men began their charge up the hill,

3781:

The Osos entered Sonoma at dawn, rode to Vallejo's Casa Grande and knocked on the door. Vallejo served the Oso leaders food and brandy during a three-hour period in which surrender documents were drafted, with provisions for the Americans to respect the townspeople and their property. Several Osos

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34 armed men (none was from Frémont's party) rode from the Buttes to seize the town of Sonoma, force the surrender of Colonel Vallejo, and thus forestall Castro's plan to harry the settlers and force them to leave Mexico. The Osos knew that Sonoma had had no garrison for a year and no finances for

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regarding "the convenience and necessity of the acquisition of the Californias by the United States". Almonte further warned Vallejo to put but little trust in the alleged claim of the Americans that they were coming with peaceful intentions. The Texas immigrants had made the same false assertion.

2447:

said: "That a war of extermination will continue to be waged between the races until the Indian race becomes extinct must be expected. While we cannot anticipate this result but with painful regret, the inevitable destiny of the race is beyond the power or wisdom of man to avert." Between 1846 and

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Bernarda went alone to Pico's camp and told him of the peace agreement she and Frémont had forged. Frémont and two of Pico's officers agreed to the terms for a surrender, and Articles of Capitulation were penned by Jose Antonio Carrillo in both English and Spanish. The first seven articles in the

4452:

Kearny's army of about 150 men approached San Pascual at dawn but was strung out for nearly a mile. Pico's men were lying in wait. The battle began by mistake when a captain misheard a Kearny order and began a charge, opening gaps in the line of march. The battle lasted 30 minutes, ten of them in

4337:

The "Battle of the Old Woman's Gun" (a Mexican four-pounder cannon) occurred north of Rancho Dominguez between forces of Flores and Mervine; it lasted less than an hour. Four Americans died, and eight were severely injured in the ambush. Mervine's forces returned to San Pedro Bay, where Mervine's

4037:

A landing party demanded the surrender of Monterey. An artillery officer in charge refused. Sloat then landed 225 sailors and marines on the beach. Within minutes the American flag was hoisted, the American ships' cannons added a 21-gun salute, and Sloat read his proclamation of the annexation of

3875:

After both parties failed to return, a five-man group obtained powder and also learned from a captured Californian that Cowie and Fowler were tortured and murdered by a patrol of California "irregulars" near Santa Rosa, led by Juan Padilla, and that Todd and his companion had been taken prisoner.

4151:

Sloat ordered the release of Vallejo and the other prisoners at Sutter's Fort. Sloat turned command over to Stockton and left for home. Stockton issued a proclamation annexing California to the U.S. General Castro in Santa Clara subsequently began to move south to Los Angeles with about 100 men.

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sailed from Lima, Peru with three warships to Monterey, California. The Americans' objective was to take control of the capital city before a suspected British cession could be achieved. The Americans left the next day, Mexican troops were freed, and the landing party boarded their ships and set

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arrived in Washington DC, after his liberation by Texan General Houston, to request the mediation of the United States between Texas and Mexico. In expectation of his request, or after it was made, Jackson had drawn up the general terms upon which this government would assume the undertaking. If

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led a Californio independence movement against Centralist Mexico. Alta California drafted a new constitution and declared independence on November 7. Alvarado stated that Alta California was free and would sever her relations with Mexico until she ceased to be oppressed. Both governments found a

4703:

At a deserted rancho at the north end of Cahuenga Pass (modern-day North Hollywood), with Bernarda Ruiz de Rodriguez present, John Frémont, Andres Pico and six others signed the Articles of Capitulation, which became known as the Treaty of Cahuenga. This unofficial truce, which did not have the

4003:

Ide's rebels numbered nearly 300. Frémont, Ide and their officers met to discuss strategy. Frémont announced that a disciplined army was to be formed, which he volunteered to command, by combining his and the Osos' forces. In order to march south, engage Castro and any other Californians, the

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hand-to-hand combat, ending when two American howitzers at the rear of the line finally began firing. Twenty-two Americans died, 20 by lance wounds. Three U.S. officers were among the dead. Mexican casualties as reported by Pico were 11 wounded; as reported by Kearny, six dead on the field.

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he had organized earlier. He received 160, exceeding his order. The volunteers were to act primarily as occupation forces to free up Stockton's marines and sailors. The core of the California Battalion was the approximately 30 army personnel and 30 scouts, guards, ex-fur trappers, Indians,

4320:

Ten miles south of Socorro, New Mexico, the eastern-bound Kit Carson and his express party encountered Kearny's forces heading west. Upon learning California had easily fallen, Kearny sent 200 of his 300 men back to Santa Fe. Kearny ordered Carson to guide his reduced force to San Diego.

2766:, the primary route for the immigrants into California. Much speculation has surrounded Bonneville's motivation for sending Walker to California. Some historians have speculated that Bonneville was attempting to lay the groundwork for an eventual invasion of California, then part of 3660:

was anchored at Sausalito. Lt. Gillespie was sent to request supplies (8000 percussion caps, 300 pounds of rifle lead, one keg of powder and food provisions) from Montgomery and to continue on to Monterey to inform Larkin that the expedition would be heading back to St. Louis.

3008:, the Comandante General of California, concerning the reported emigration of 58 families from Missouri, and gave strict orders that every foreigner should be compelled to show a passport or leave the country. In the despatch, Almonte had also enclosed a clipping from the 4435:

Gillespie's party met up with Kearny's forces, who were riding from Santa Ysabel to San Pascual (near the modern town of Ramona, CA). Gillespie told Kearny that 100 soldiers under Captain Andres Pico (younger brother of the deposed governor) were posted 10 miles ahead.

3311:

General José Castro, the senior military officer in California, issued a decree ordering all American immigrants in Alta California (about 800) to proceed to Sonoma to swear an oath to Mexico and get a license to settle. Twenty Americans later showed up at Sonoma.

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Most of the approximately 800 American and other immigrants were primarily adult males, and lived in the northern half of California. They approved of breaking from the Mexican government, and gave only token or no resistance to the forces of Stockton and Frémont.

2662:, arriving July 11. Young sold his fur pelts in San Francisco and Los Angeles, eventually returning to Taos, New Mexico. He was established as one of the wealthiest Americans in Mexican territory during his trade business between New Mexico and California. 3763:

The Americans drove the herd north to the Buttes camp, gathering a dozen new volunteers. (Historian H. H. Bancroft later wrote that Frémont "instigated and planned" the horse raid, and incited the American settlers indirectly and "guardedly" to revolt.)

4611:

The Stockton-Kearny force reached San Luis Rey. Stockton rejected a cease-fire proposal that was sent under a truce flag from General Flores. They proceeded toward San Juan Capistrano. A message to Stockton told of Frémont's presence at Santa Barbara.

3547:

Mexican President Mariano Rivera y Arrillaga (who had deposed Herrera), having earlier sent a 5,000-man army northward to Texas, declared a "defensive war" against the United States. The Mexican army arrived in Matamoros on the Rio Grande on April 24.

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The Stockton–Kearny army resumed their march and met a smaller force of Flores' men. Following a two-and-a-half-hour fight, the Americans won the Battle of La Mesa, suffering only five wounded. The army then camped three miles from Los Angeles.

2901:

resolution to solve the issue. Mexico did not recognize independence and rather negotiated California territory be turned into departments thus giving more autonomy to Californios, Mexico mandated Alvarado to remain Governor of Alta California.

4090:

Frémont's party, including the Bear Flaggers, rode into New Helvetia, where a letter from Sloat awaited them, describing the capture of Monterey and ordering Frémont to bring at least 100 armed men to Monterey. Frémont would bring 160 men.

2302:

arrived with another detachment of soldiers. These soldiers were added to the existing companies of Stevenson's 1st New York Volunteer Regiment. These troops essentially took over nearly all of the Pacific Squadron's onshore military and

4295:

The rebel forces grew to 300 and demanded Gillespie's surrender in a manifesto. General Jose Maria Flores offered to let the Americans leave unharmed. Gillespie's garrison surrendered, taking refuge at San Pedro Bay on a merchant ship.

3380:

John Slidell, appointed by Polk, arrived in Vera Cruz on a mission to negotiate a boundary agreement, and, if Mexico demonstrated a willingness to sell its departments of New Mexico and California, to offer up to $ 40 million for them.

3302:

President James K. Polk met with Lt. Archibald Gillespie to send him on a secret mission to California. He departed for Vera Cruz, Mexico, on November 16 carrying orders for Sloat, instructions for Larkin and letters for Frémont.

3942:

Frémont's men intercepted a messenger with a letter advising Castro that de la Torre was about to attack Sonoma. Frémont and his forces immediately went there, only to find the Osos prepared to fire upon them as they approached.

3826:

Prisoners and escorts arrived at Frémont's camp. Frémont denied responsibility for the raid. The escorts removed the prisoners to Sutter's Fort. Frémont began signing letters as "Military Commander of U.S. Forces in California."

4270:

In Los Angeles, 20 California irregulars under militia captain Cerbulo Varela, chafing under Archibald Gillespie's tyrannical administration of martial law, assaulted the barracks of the small U.S. garrison and were repulsed.

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Castro held a war council at La Mesa, expressed doubts about his forces, and wrote a farewell address to the people of California. Governor Pico read Castro's message to the legislature in Los Angeles, which then adjourned

4221:

Castro and 20 men rode toward the Colorado River and reached the Mexican state of Sonora in September. Pico left to hide out in San Juan Capistrano for one month and eventually made his way to Baja California and Sonora.

3413:

After moving his camp to Santa Cruz, Frémont moved it again closer to Monterey on the Salinas River. Via courier, General Castro ordered Frémont to leave. Frémont then set up camp at Gavilan Peak, near San Juan Bautista.

4526:

The 350-man American force rode to San Bernardo Rancho. Pico, with his forces reinforced to 250 men but facing superior numbers, abandoned the field before the Americans' arrival, leaving his army's cattle herd behind.

4020:

One of the four companies of the California Battalion remained in Sonoma, as the other three left with Frémont for the camp near Sutter's Fort, where they planned the campaign against Castro and the other Californios.

3709:

John Sutter, a Swiss who was a naturalized Mexican citizen, notified his immediate superior, General Castro, of Gillespie's true identity and urged Castro to send a respectable garrison north in the event of trouble.

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in Mexico City, the last major military action of the war. In winning the war, 13,000 Americans died during its 17 months, 1700 of them from wounds sustained in battle. 11,300 others died, mainly from disease.

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in Frémont's exploration force, which was joined by about 150 Bear Flaggers. The American marines, sailors, and militia easily took over the cities and ports of northern California; within days they controlled

3225:

Navy Secretary George Bancroft sent a secret message to the port of Callou, Peru, ordering Commodore John D. Sloat, commander of the Navy's Pacific Squadron, to proceed to Mazatlan on the Mexican west coast.

4058:, with 70 sailors and marines, landed at Yerba Buena, raised the American flag and claimed San Francisco Bay for the United States, and read Sloat's proclamation. No Mexican officials were in Yerba Buena. 4394:

A skirmish, the Battle of la Natividad , occurred near San Juan Bautista between California Battalion troops en route to Monterey and 130 Californians. Five to seven Americans and two Californians died.

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of New York was asked to raise a volunteer regiment of ten companies of 77 men each to go to California with the understanding that they would muster out and stay in California. They were designated the

3072:, announced in his annual report to Congress that the protection of American interests in California demanded an increase of the government's naval force in the Pacific. Shortly afterward he despatched 2027:, forced the small American garrison to retire to the harbor. Soon afterward, 200 reinforcements sent by Stockton and led by U.S. Navy Captain William Mervine were repulsed on October 8 in the one-hour 3963:

transported Frémont and several others from Sausalito to Castillo de San Joaquin, an abandoned fort south of the entrance to San Francisco Bay, where they plugged the touch-holes of ten rusty cannons.

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Troops under Zachary Taylor and Mexican General Mariano Arista skirmished north of the Rio Grande. 16 Americans were killed, after which Taylor communicated the events in a message sent to Washington.

1915:, and other small pueblos in northern Alta California. Nearly all were occupied without a shot being fired. Some of the southern pueblos and ports were also rapidly occupied, with almost no bloodshed. 3262:

War Secretary William Marcy sent orders to Brigadier General Zachary Taylor to move his 2,000-man force from Ft. Jessup, Louisiana, to Corpus Christi, Texas. By October, Taylor commanded 3,500 men.

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1873, it is estimated that non-Natives killed between 9,492 and 16,094 California Natives. Hundreds to thousands were additionally starved or worked to death. Acts of enslavement, kidnapping, rape,

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Fifty of Flores' men took San Diego when the small American garrison of less than 20 men retreated. At Santa Barbara, the 10-man U.S. garrison also surrendered the town and escaped under pressure.

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Realizing he had been tricked, Frémont hurried back to San Rafael and Sausalito in pursuit of de la Torre and his men, who had escaped across the bay and joined Castro in a retreat to Santa Clara.

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When war was declared on May 13, 1846, between the United States and Mexico, it took almost three months for definitive word of Congress' declaration of war to reach the Pacific coast. U.S. consul

4099:

Commodore Robert Field Stockton arrived in Monterey to replace the 65-year-old Sloat in command of the Pacific Squadron. Sloat named Stockton commander-in-chief of all land forces in California.

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for illegal entry into Alta California, Mexico. He was ordered by Echeandía to leave the same way he came to California. Smith, however, once away from Spanish presence, began to travel into the

2425: (equivalent to $ 528,230,769 in 2023) in exchange. This largely unsettled territory constituted nearly half of its claimed territory with about 1% of its then population of about 4,500,000. 3580:

Frémont met with Gillespie and received letters from wife Jessie, Senator Benton and Secretary of State James Buchanan, as well as Gillespie's memorized messages from Polk, Benton and Larkin.

2417:, signed in February 1848, marked the end of the Mexican–American War. By the terms of the treaty, Mexico formally ceded Alta California along with its other northern territories east through 7080: 3632:

The war secretary sent orders to Colonel Stephen Kearny at Fort Leavenworth, in what is now Kansas, to march west to conquer and occupy the Mexican departments of New Mexico and California.

1965:, which contained slightly more than 8,600,000 acres (35,000 km), nearly all bestowed by the Spanish and then Mexican governors with an average of about 18,900 acres (76 km) each. 4704:

backing of the American government and had nothing to do with the Mexican government, was honored by both the Americans and Californios. Fighting ceased, thus ending the war in California.

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was assigned convoy detail. On September 26 the four ships sailed for California. Fifty men who had been left behind for various reasons sailed on November 13, 1846, on the small storeship

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in which he described his sailing journey in Mexican California during 1834–1836. His book was the first to raise Anglo-American awareness of California for Americans on the east coast.

3324:, which carried orders that if Sloat learned "beyond a doubt" that war between the U.S. and Mexico had begun, he was to seize San Francisco Bay and blockade the other California ports. 2282:

After desertions and deaths in transit the four ships brought 648 men to California. The companies were then deployed throughout Upper Alta California and Lower Baja California on the

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Secretary of State James Buchanan dispatched a secret message to U.S. Consul Thomas Larkin in Monterey instructing him to take advantage of any sign of unrest among the Californians.

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arrives in San Gabriel Mission establishing a land route between the Mexican provinces of New Mexico and Alta California. His route, the southernmost and most direct, is known as the

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The tiny American garrison that fled San Diego several weeks earlier landed a short distance from San Diego and re-took the village after firing three small cannons at Flores' men.

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The Oregon Territory convention was signed by England and the U.S., ending its joint occupation with England and making most Oregonians below the 49th parallel American citizens.

3604:

While asleep in the early morning hours, the Frémont camp was attacked by Klamath Indians, killing three of Frémont's party. The Klamath chief was shot dead during the fight.

2627:, an American trader, settled in the Pueblo de Los Angeles, Alta California in 1829 and became a major landowner and cattle rancher and one of the area's wealthiest citizens. 1229: 4066:

Later that day, Revere repeated this ceremony in Sonoma Plaza. The Bear Flag was lowered, and the American flag was raised in its place. The 25-day Bear Flag Republic ended.

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Mexico extends the line of the United States to the Rio Grand up that stream to latitude 38 north and then to the Pacific including north California for 3.5 million dollars.

4892: 2677:. When they arrived in Southern California in early 1831 (using the trail Jedediah Smith had mapped across the Mojave Desert), Wolfskill and Yount went to the coast to hunt 2070:

east of San Diego pueblo. 21 of Kearny's troops were killed in the botched engagement, the largest number of American casualties in the battles of the California Campaign.

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Two representatives of Castro arrived at Stockton's camp with a message expressing Castro's willingness to negotiate for peace. Stockton rejected the terms of the letter.

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Frémont visited Thomas Larkin, the U.S. consul in Monterey. Frémont also met Jose Castro, who agreed to let Frémont winter in the San Joaquin Valley, away from the coast.

8556: 3153:. Micheltorena brought with him from Mexico a group of soldiers that included criminals, and who were derisively referred to by some as cholos, to enforce his policies. 1855:

and bluejackets (sailors) of Stockton's Pacific Squadron were the largest U.S. ground force in California. The rest of Stockton's troops were needed to man his vessels.

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Thomas Cowie and George Fowler were sent to Rancho Sotoyome (near modern-day Healdsburg) to pick up a cache of gunpowder from Moses Carson, brother of Frémont's scout.

1947:

Prior to the U.S. occupation, the population of Spanish and Mexican people in Alta California was approximately 1500 men and 6500 women and children, who were known as

3669:

Frémont's party, along with Gillespie and his escort, camped at the Buttes, 60 miles north of Sutter's Fort. While there, they killed several Indians near present-day

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Governor Pico issued a proclamation on the American invasion and a conscription order for Mexican citizens, which produced about 100 men to join with Castro's force.

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At Palo Alto on the Rio Grande in Texas, an artillery battle lasted from 2:30 p.m. to nightfall. 5 Americans died, 43 were wounded, and over 30 Mexicans were killed.

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Stockton mustered Frémont's party and the former Bear Flaggers into military service as the "Naval Battalion of Mounted Volunteer Riflemen" with Frémont in command.

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Four men from Frémont's party and 10 volunteers rode out to intercept Arce, surprised him and seized the horse herd, thus initiating the open rebellion of the Osos.

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At the Rio Grande, the U.S. and Mexican armies met at Reseca de la Palma. Arista's army was routed, leaving behind 400 wounded. 33 Americans died, 89 were wounded.

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In Monterey, Mexico issued a proclamation that unnaturalized foreigners were no longer permitted to hold or work land in California and were subject to expulsion.

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Frémont's next Army survey expedition, approved earlier in the year by President Polk, left St. Louis on a mission to explore the Great Basin and Alta California.

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Nearing the end of the return trip, Frémont arrived at Bent's Fort, in what is now Colorado, after traveling through the San Joaquin Valley and the Mojave Desert.

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Sloat received trustworthy news of Taylor's battles of May 8–9. His orders required him to sail north upon learning "without a doubt" that war had been declared.

8566: 7400: 7395: 2727:. The fort was the only major Anglo-American permanent settlement on the Santa Fe Trail between Missouri and the Mexican settlements. It was destroyed in 1849. 7313: 3278:

John C. Frémont, leading a U.S. Army topographical expedition to survey the Great Basin in Alta California, departed from Bent's Fort in what is now Colorado.

1649:, was concerned about the increasing possibility of war and worked to prevent bloodshed between the Americans and the small Mexican military garrison at the 1146: 4535:

Frémont and the 428-man California Battalion arrived in San Luis Obispo and captured several local officials who were still in contact with General Flores.

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With rumors swirling that General Castro was massing an army against them, American settlers in the Sacramento Valley banded together to meet the threat.

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on the Banks of the American River near Sacramento. In the 1840s Sutter's Fort became the largest concentration of Anglo-Americans in Mexican California.

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Californios skirmished with and captured 24 Americans led by Benjamin D. Wilson, who were hiding at Rancho Santa Ana del Chino, and suffered one dead.

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took the role of California Governor three days after the battle. Pico was Mexican California's last governor before the invasion of American troops.

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Alta California to the United States. A messenger was sent to General Castro at San Juan Bautista requesting his surrender. No shots had been fired.

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A party of American marines and sailors skirmished with a force of 120 Californians at Yerba Buena under Francisco Sanchez. Four Californians died.

2558:. Smith's party became the first Anglo-Americans to travel into California via a land trail from the US. He was detained and jailed in San Diego by 2298:

on August 16, 1846, with a detachment of one hundred soldiers, and arrived in California on February 18, 1847, at about the same time that the ship

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California Battalion, as it came to be called, combined Frémont's original exploring party and over 200 rebels, Sutter workers and local Indians.

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entered California following Jebidiah Smith's trail. After a Mexican official encountered them trapping in the Central Valley, he was summoned to

2478:

Thomas W. Doak from Boston, MA became the first Anglo-American to settle in Spanish California after arriving in Monterey Bay aboard his ship the

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led by Captain John Bartleson and John Bidwell, becoming the first American emigrants to attempt a wagon crossing from Missouri to California.

1851:, a much more aggressive leader. Convincing news of a state of war between the U.S. and Mexico had previously reached Stockton. The 400 to 650 4620:

Frémont, near the San Buenaventura Mission with the California Battalion and six field pieces, dispersed a force of 60–70 Californio lancers.

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Frémont and his band rode to Sutter's Fort, not yet aware of the raid's outcome, to receive the supplies that were requested from Montgomery.

7739: 7286: 1215: 1095: 4466:" by the soldiers) and repulsed the Californians in a brief skirmish, with no American casualties. However, Pico kept the hill under siege. 3013:

Despite this command from Mexico, the Californians showed little desire to molest the respectable class of settlers from the United States.

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was signed on January 13, 1847, and essentially terminated hostilities in Alta California. The treaty was drafted in English and Spanish by

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Todd returned to Sonoma. He and a companion were then assigned to ride toward Bodega Bay to obtain arms and powder from American settlers.

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The United States Congress voted overwhelmingly to declare war on Mexico. Definitive word of the declaration reached California in August.

3564:

Frémont, then camped at Upper Klamath Lake in Oregon Territory, learned that a military man (Gillespie) was riding north to intercept him.

1795:, commander of the Pacific Squadron, on being informed of an outbreak of hostilities between Mexico and the United States, as well as the 7749: 2681:. Wolfskill eventually returned to Southern California while Yount decided to go north, and the two parted company. Yount settled in the 2609: 3438:

Zachary Taylor moved his army across the Nueces River in Texas, which Mexico considered the southern border of its department of Texas.

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and the Californians retreated. The Battle of Rio San Gabriel lasted two hours. Two American sailors were killed, with 8 men wounded.

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An ill and much thinner Vallejo was released from Sutter's Fort. While in confinement, 1000 of his cattle and 600 horses were stolen.

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50 to 60 men under Captain Joaquin de la Torre traveled to San Pablo and crossed the San Francisco Bay by boat to Point San Quentin.

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and about 100 regular U.S. Army soldiers arrived in Monterey. American forces in the pipeline continued to dribble into California.

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The Mormon Battalion arrived in San Diego on January 29, 1847. For the next five months until their discharge on July 16, 1847, in

1799:

in Sonoma, ordered his naval forces to occupy ports in northern Alta California. Sloat's ships already in the Monterey harbor, the

1088: 4900: 9418: 8593: 7982: 7957: 7744: 7724: 7704: 7654: 7584: 7579: 7564: 7148: 5648:"The Early Sentiment for the Annexation of California: An Account of the Growth of American Interest in California, 1835–1846, I" 5614:"The Early Sentiment for the Annexation of California: An Account of the Growth of American Interest in California, 1835–1846, I" 5583:"The Early Sentiment for the Annexation of California: An Account of the Growth of American Interest in California, 1835–1846, I" 5165: 2801:

born of American parents in California. The mother of the child Rachel Hobson Holmes was the first American woman in California.

2612:

was concluded on 12 January 1828 at Mexico City. The treaty recognized the Mexico–U.S. boundary that had been established by the

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Stockton penned a return message to Castro, who also rejected its terms, including that California cease to be part of Mexico.

3701:

Believing that war with Mexico was a virtual certainty, Frémont joined the Sacramento Valley rebels in a "silent partnership."

2953:

Governor Alvarado decrees that all foreigners who would not become Mexican citizens would be expelled from Mexican California.

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served from July 1846 to July 1847 during the Mexican–American War. The battalion was a volunteer unit of between 534 and 559

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Stockton arrived at San Pedro, finding that Mervine's ship had returned. The American forces thus grew to 800 in San Pedro.

3917:

Frémont, Ford and a detachment of Osos rode south to San Rafael, but were unable to locate de la Torre and his Californios.

3458:, John B. Montgomery commanding. Montgomery was tasked to distribute copies of the U.S. and Texas constitutions in Spanish. 2452:

and displacement were widespread. These acts were encouraged, tolerated, and carried out by state authorities and militias.

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in Sausalito sent a small landing party to Sonoma. Ide, in his first act as commander-in-chief, reappointed Jose Berryessa

3446:

After receiving a message from Larkin not to oppose Castro, Frémont's band left Gavilan Peak and headed for Sutter's Fort.

2482:. He was baptized at San Carlos Mission in 1816 as Felipe Santiago and was employed at San Juan Bautista Mission in 1818. 2073:

Stockton rescued Kearny's surrounded forces and, with their combined force totaling 660 troops, they moved northward from

8918: 8167: 8142: 7967: 7664: 7644: 7619: 7594: 7559: 7473: 3670: 3065: 2201: 1733:", and raised it over Sonoma. Eleven days later, troops led by Frémont, who had acted on his own authority, arrived from 772: 5230:""They will be hunted down like wild beasts and destroyed!": a comparative study of genocide in California and Tasmania" 4304:

At Yerba Buena, Stockton received news of the insurrection of armed Californians in Los Angeles and its impending fall.

3718:

José Castro again visited Mariano Vallejo in Sonoma and collected horses and supplies for his men from Vallejo's ranch.

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At his camp, Frémont received a message from Montgomery on the U.S. Navy's occupation of Monterey and Yerba Buena.

3806:

William Ide proclaimed his "Bear Flag Manifesto". Within a week, over 70 more American volunteers joined the Osos.

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Frémont and his men arrived in Monterey after sailing from Yerba Buena, in order to gather horses and volunteers.

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President Polk signed legislation admitting Texas to the Union. Mexico refused to recognize the U.S. annexation.

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Trafzer, Clifford E.; Lorimer, Michelle (2014). "Silencing California Indian Genocide in Social Studies Texts".

4444:

An eight-man night horseback patrol botched a reconnaissance, tipping off the Mexican forces to their presence.

4246:

Stockton sent a report to Secretary of State Bancroft that "California is entirely free from Mexican dominion."

3320:

Commodore John D. Sloat, commander of the Navy's Pacific Squadron, then off Mazatlan, Mexico, was joined by the

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Cooper: Juan Bautista Rogers Cooper, sea captain, adventurer, ranchero, and early California pioneer, 1791–1872

5014:

Coffer, William E. (1977). "Genocide of the California Indians, with a Comparative Study of Other Minorities".

4670:

The army entered Los Angeles with no resistance, and Gillespie raised the U.S. flag over his old headquarters.

4636:

Flores moved his force to a 50-foot-high bluff above the San Gabriel River, 12 miles northeast of Los Angeles.

4055: 2272: 1403: 3405:

Frémont met up with the other 45 men in his party and traveled north to the vicinity of the San Jose Mission.

3129:. After hearing false news that war had broken out between the United States and Mexico, the commander of the 2910: 2838: 1529: 9249: 9219: 9174: 9169: 8953: 8783: 8625: 8475: 8292: 8287: 8252: 8227: 8212: 8177: 8157: 8107: 8052: 8017: 8007: 7937: 7922: 7867: 7483: 4403:

Kearny's 100-man force learned from Mexican herders that Los Angeles had been taken away from the Americans.

2846: 2330: 1625: 1514: 342: 1534: 1166: 9204: 9184: 9164: 9114: 9044: 9039: 9024: 8971: 8668: 8605: 8507: 8272: 8237: 8152: 7506: 1863: 1275: 1181: 4543:

The prisoners were freed, in order to allow word of Frémont's overwhelming numbers to spread before them.

3892:

Led by Henry Ford, about 20 Osos rode toward Santa Rosa to search for the two captives and Padilla's men.

3491:

Alarmed by Frémont's transgression at Gavilan Peak, General Castro called a military council in Monterey.

3161:

Frémont departed St. Louis on a survey expedition to the mouth of the Columbia River in Oregon Territory.

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The conquest and California officially becoming part of the United States set off a genocide against the

2414: 2287: 1923: 35: 3925:

Two additional divisions of General Castro's troops with a total of about 100 men arrived at San Pablo.

2822: 2059: 1877:, on the U.S. Army Corps of Topographical Engineers survey, to secure 100 volunteers in addition to the 1609:), then a part of Mexico. The conquest lasted from 1846 into 1847, until military leaders from both the 9279: 9264: 9004: 8768: 8658: 8583: 8428: 4576: 4427:

Stockton received a message from Kearny and sent Gillespie and a 35-man patrol riding out to meet him.

3454:

Larkin sent a message to Sloat at Mazatlán asking one of his ships to come to Monterey. Sloat sent the

3430:

General Castro assembled a cavalry force of nearly 200 men to confront Frémont near San Luis Bautista.

2743: 2028: 1852: 1304: 260: 3348:

The two parts of Frémont's split party had a rendezvous at Walker Lake, northeast of Yosemite Valley.

3254:

Commander John Sloat received Bancroft's orders to proceed from the Peruvian coast to Mexican waters.

3149:

is sent to replace California Governor Alvarado upon direct request by President Santa Anna after the

2862: 2782:

Joseph Walker Party leaves California after camping for Winter under the authorization of CA Governor

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Stockton ordered Frémont and his battalion to San Diego to prepare to move northward to Los Angeles.

3500: 3073: 3054: 3005: 2989: 2858: 2814: 2283: 2086: 1630: 1319: 571: 201: 3515:

In Monterey, Larkin met with Lt. Gillespie, who had finally arrived in Monterey via Honolulu on the

3270:

Meeting in convention, leaders of the Republic of Texas approved an annexation treaty with the U.S.

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The three messengers reached San Diego and Commodore Stockton separately on December 9, 10 and 11.

4012:

Sloat received a message from Montgomery reporting the events in Sonoma and Frémont's involvement.

2315: 1598: 1571: 1539: 1450: 1341: 85: 3364:

Splitting up once more, Frémont and 16 others (including scout Kit Carson) reached Sutter's Fort.

3092: 2613: 2363:

senior officers. During its service, the battalion made a grueling march of some 1,900 miles from

2140: 2011: 872: 653: 9349: 9289: 9284: 9139: 9129: 9084: 9074: 9069: 8848: 8643: 8571: 8497: 8460: 8450: 8401: 7438: 3133: 3076: 2375: 2097:

surrendered to American forces on January 12, marking the end of hostilities in Alta California.

1958: 1836: 1566: 1556: 1485: 1376: 1371: 731: 6049:. University of Missouri at Columbia: Western Historical Manuscripts Collection. pp. 55–57. 4930: 3648:

Commander Sloat in Mazatlan received detailed news of Taylor's army fighting at the Rio Grande.

2969:

and 60 Conspirators on a plot known as the Graham Affair. 47 are found guilty. US sloop of war (

2712:

during the Mexican era and was covertly involved in U.S. plans to annex California from Mexico.

860: 642: 9339: 9334: 8843: 8703: 8561: 8524: 8502: 8368: 7847: 7147:

1846–48; complete text online; famous, highly detailed narrative written in the 1880s. Also at

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Believing Frémont to be acting on orders from Washington, Sloat began to carry out his orders.

3818:

to notify Montgomery of the events in Sonoma. Todd also requested gunpowder, which was denied.

3674: 3332:

General Castro visited Colonel Mariano Vallejo, commandante of the Mexican garrison in Sonoma.

3042:

touch with California and its affairs during the early part of the decade beginning with 1840.

2984: 2897: 2886: 2881:

sent directly from the centralist Mexican government is ousted by local Californians after one

2878: 2531: 2205: 2189: 2176: 2024: 1912: 1745:

is based on this original Bear Flag, and continues to display the words "California Republic."

1561: 1551: 1504: 1490: 1465: 1460: 539: 453: 2704:, invited him to join him, propelling Larkin to success and wealth. Larkin served as the only 2499: 2038: 1858: 1713:, staged a revolt in response to government threats of expulsion and seized the small Mexican 602: 8981: 8728: 8531: 8470: 8465: 8438: 8391: 8386: 8378: 7463: 7390: 7261: 7081:"In a State of Peace and Tranquility: Campo de Cahuenga and the Birth of American California" 5528: 4729: 4238:

Stockton issued a proclamation announcing that California was now part of the United States.

3613: 3612:

The Frémont party attacked a Klamath village, killing 14 Indians and burning the lodges (see

3202: 2923: 2326: 2208:. In August and September 1846 the regiment trained and prepared for the trip to California. 2196: 2067: 1962: 1954: 1936: 1844: 1825: 1742: 1480: 1455: 1435: 1398: 1366: 1361: 1314: 1176: 1141: 470: 127: 4386:

Stockton and Mervine arrived at San Diego with their forces to set up a base of operations.

2829:, which the Mexican government refused. Jackson attempted to buy California two more times. 1131: 9319: 8903: 8873: 8411: 7852: 7355: 7156: 6213: 4127:. When Sloat learned that Frémont had acted on his own authority, he retired to his cabin. 3656:

On its way south, the Frémont expedition reached Peter Lassen's ranch and learned that the

3033:

John C. Frémont was part of a U.S. Army topographical expedition to survey Iowa Territory.

2970: 2759: 2495: 2387: 2364: 2308: 2016: 1978: 1896: 1878: 1776:. Since it took 120 to over 200 days to sail from Atlantic ports on the east coast, around 1676:

by May 1846, when Frémont received word that war between Mexico and the U.S. was imminent.

1669: 1646: 1445: 1425: 1420: 1356: 1346: 1294: 1156: 720: 3201:

After another Californio uprising, unpopular CA Governor Micheltorena was defeated at the

8: 9354: 9344: 8966: 8961: 8923: 8838: 8788: 8610: 8480: 8423: 8396: 8331: 7335: 7301: 3987:

The Bear Flaggers, including Frémont and his men, celebrated Independence Day in Sonoma.

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An American Genocide: The United States and the California Indian Catastrophe, 1846–1873

4482:

A three-man messenger party (including Kit Carson) left the hill at dusk, splitting up.

3466:

Frémont arrived at Sutter's Fort to ready a further expedition to the Oregon Territory.

1768:

Prior to the Mexican–American War, preparations for a possible conflict led to the U.S.

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Stockton approved the Treaty of Cahuenga in a message sent to Navy Secretary Bancroft.

3909:

After learning of Cowie, Fowler and Ford's patrol, Frémont and his men rode to Sonoma.

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from the Center for Greater Southwestern Studies, the University of Texas at Arlington

6998:

Wars of the Americas: a chronology of armed conflict in the New World, 1492 to present

3422:

Mexican president José Herrera rejected all points of Slidell's proposed negotiation.

2144: 2118: 1874: 1847:, again without firing a shot. On July 15, Sloat transferred his command to Commodore 1661: 362: 9373: 8928: 8878: 8828: 8823: 8808: 8753: 8536: 7174: 5707: 5678: 5468: 5324: 5297: 5253: 5214: 5150: 5094: 5023: 4987:; the border was aligned from one Spanish league south of San Diego Bay east to the 4984: 4873: 4824: 2798: 2701: 2670: 2594: 2511: 2276: 2224: 2164: 2152: 2090: 2078: 2051: 2043: 1722: 1710: 1475: 1430: 1324: 1207: 1191: 823: 388: 252: 193: 5004:

Two years after the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, U.S. statehood was granted in 1850.

4474:

A prisoner exchange (one each) occurred, with two Americans remaining as prisoners.

3735:

men were near Sutter's Fort, driving a herd of 170 horses destined for Santa Clara.

2842: 2673:

left Taos, New Mexico, in September 1830 with a party of mountain men that included

8713: 8688: 8673: 8416: 8406: 7318: 7226:

Map of Mexico and the United States during the California Campaign at omniatlas.com

7225: 5435: 5396: 5357: 5241: 5202: 5138: 4695:

treaty were nearly the verbatim suggestions offered by Bernarda Ruiz de Rodriguez.

3130: 3080: 2942: 2927: 2794: 2763: 2739: 2693: 2519: 2352: 2346: 2058:

at the present-day California border after a grueling march across the province of

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General Castro and Pío Pico, governor of Alta California, condemned the takeover.

2786:. The Walker party rendezvoused with Bonneville in Utah, reaching him on July 12. 2783: 577: 558: 492: 475: 458: 8633: 7189: 5462: 5318: 5294:

An American Genocide, The United States and the California Catastrophe, 1846–1873

4879: 4845: 4818: 4567:

The 600-man Army of the West under Kearny began a 150-mile march to Los Angeles.

2854: 2826: 2709: 2697: 2674: 2382:. Discharged members of the Mormon Battalion were helping to build a sawmill for 2321: 2249:, Chile by January 20, 1847, and they were on their way again by January 23. The 1714: 1602: 1524: 1299: 1260: 1161: 487: 284: 99: 6956:"L.A. Then and Now: Woman Helped Bring a Peaceful End to Mexican-American War". 5245: 5206: 5093:. Sacramento, California: California State Library, California Research Bureau. 4850:. Vol. 2. Pacific Press Publishing House and Occidental Publishing Company. 8893: 8883: 8833: 4992: 3069: 2810: 2747: 2724: 2705: 2635: 2598: 2586: 2551: 2407: 2063: 2055: 1381: 1253: 401: 181: 2962: 2148: 2114: 2003: 1654: 848: 799: 552: 526: 9387: 9324: 9189: 8976: 8938: 8888: 8813: 8763: 8738: 8733: 8683: 8648: 7205:(8th ed 2003), college textbook; the latest version of Bean's solid 1968 text 5142: 4980: 4803: 4502:

An American sergeant wounded at San Pascual died of his wounds at Mule Hill.

3234:

U.S. Navy flotilla commanded by Commodore Robert F. Stockton, on the warship

3118:

Frémont led an expedition to survey the Oregon Trail in what is now Wyoming.

2850: 2818: 2575: 2444: 2156: 1900: 1840: 1023: 893: 767: 756: 741: 726: 715: 513: 508: 499: 482: 465: 448: 437: 431: 426: 382: 369: 356: 313: 197: 189: 2539: 2514:

settled in Mexican California, arriving in Monterey Bay aboard his ship the

2246: 8803: 8798: 8793: 8718: 8693: 5027: 4953:"LDS Church News – Monument honoring Mormon Battalion to regain its luster" 4587:

General Flores headquartered at San Fernando with 500 poorly equipped men.

3110:

arrives in San Francisco from Oregon, on a stop during their world voyage.

3022: 3001: 2966: 2624: 2571: 2371:. This remains one of the longest single military marches in U.S. history. 2295: 2286:(captured by the Navy and later returned to Mexico), from San Francisco to 1772:

being extensively reinforced until it had roughly half of the ships in the

173: 3389:

Frémont and his smaller group crossed the San Joaquin Valley to Monterey.

1684: 16:

1846–1847 U.S. invasion of Alta California during the Mexican–American War

9309: 8723: 7330: 4957: 2938: 2866: 2755: 2742:

to lead an auxiliary expedition into Mexican California where he reached

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Frémont, 430 men and 2000 horses and mules started out for Los Angeles.

3206: 2378:, the battalion trained and did garrison duties in several locations in 2268: 2159:

of Los Angeles. It was later ratified by Frémont's superiors, Commodore

2007: 590: 8933: 8758: 8743: 8358: 8354: 7129: 5408: 5384: 4988: 4559:

Frémont reached a deserted Santa Barbara and raised the American flag.

3726:

Sloat received news that an American squadron had blockaded Vera Cruz.

2797:

has a son, Thomas Oliver, Jr., born in Monterey on April 13, 1834, the

2678: 2491: 2231: 2020: 1949: 1932: 1873:

To supplement this remaining force, Commodore Stockton ordered Captain

1814: 1606: 963: 239: 8323: 7215: 5559:. Raleigh : North Carolina Historical Commission. p. 325–342 5166:"Op-Ed: It's time to acknowledge the genocide of California's Indians" 4686:

Flores turned over his command to Andres Pico and fled toward Sonora.

4123:

Frémont's party entered Monterey. Frémont met with Sloat on board the

3177:

Frémont's expedition crossed the Sierras into present-day California.

2398: 2359:

men, who were led by Mormon company officers and commanded by regular

2253:

did not stop until San Francisco, reaching port on March 6, 1847. The

1753: 9314: 5439: 5361: 4463: 4329:

Captain William Mervine landed 350 sailors and marines at San Pedro.

2817:

to Mexico City to negotiate the purchase of the Mexican provinces of

2368: 2334: 2105: 2074: 1988: 1832: 1777: 1730: 7171:

California Conquered: The Annexation of a Mexican Province 1846–1850

5400: 4518:

A 215-man American relief expedition reached Mule Hill before dawn.

4168:

A garrison of Stockton's men raised the U.S. flag at Santa Barbara.

5345: 5056:

Genocide and Vendetta: The Round Valley Wars of Northern California

4983:

is one of the only two main natural harbors in California south of

3340:

Lt. Archibald Gillespie departed Washington for Vera Cruz, Mexico.

3238:, visited Galveston to gauge local attitudes for Texas annexation. 2304: 1867: 811: 6935: 4823:. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. pp. Overview. 1824:

on July 7, 1846, without firing a shot. Two days later on July 9,

38:

for Timeline of events should be standardized into one verb tense.

8638: 7132:, 1845–1847, A Sailor's View of the Naval Conquest of California. 4354:

Stockton departed for San Pedro with his forces on the Congress.

3474:

Zachary Taylor's force arrived at the Rio Grande near Matamoros.

3025:

is arrested in Bodega Bay, CA for illegally entering California.

2738:

leads a US expedition to the Great Salt Lake area. He dispatches

1737:

to support the rebels. No government was ever organized, but the

5087:

Early California Laws and Policies Related to California Indians

4923:"Mormon Battalion « California Pioneer Heritage Foundation" 4419:

Kearny reached Warner's Ranch, 50 miles northeast of San Diego.

2261:

arrived on March 26, 1847, 183 days after leaving New York. The

7196:

Fremont: Pathmarker of the West, Volume 1: Fremont the Explorer

4490:

At Yerba Buena, a small band of Californians seized the acting

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San Diego History Center | San Diego, CA | Our City, Our Story

5490:"Ewing Young in the Fur Trade of the Far Southwest, 1822–1834" 5320:

Destroying to Replace: Settler Genocides of Indigenous Peoples

5071:

Murder State: California's Native American Genocide, 1846–1873

5323:. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company. pp. 72–115. 5042:

Genocide in Northwestern California: 'When our worlds cried'.

4712:

The California Battalion entered Los Angeles in a rainstorm.

3640:

General Taylor's army entered Mexico and occupied Matamoros.

2418: 2386:

when gold was discovered there in January 1848, starting the

110: 4160:

The battalion landed and raised the U.S. flag in San Diego.

3185:

Frémont reached Sutter's Fort, near present-day Sacramento.

2469:

Events surrounding the United States' conquest of California

2066:. Then, on December 6, they fought in the botched half-hour 4254:

Stockton divided California into three military districts.

4082:

The American flag flew above Sutter's Fort and Bodega Bay.

3596:

President Polk received General Taylor's April 25 message.

2574:

in spring 1827, becoming the first non-native to cross the

5683:. San Francisco: A.L. Bancroft & Company. p. 121. 4995:

confluence, to include strategic San Diego and its harbor.

2685:. They opened up American migration west into California. 2494:

Committee voted in favor of joining the newly independent

7123: 4262:

Stockton, his sailors and marines set sail for Monterey.

3137:

sail, saluting the Mexican flag as it exited the harbor.

1741:

has become part of the state's folklore. The present-day

257:

Displacement of Mexican Calfornios & Native Americans

5350:

The Quarterly: Historical Society of Southern California

4804:"Captain John Charles Fremont and the Bear Flag Revolt" 4279:

Stephen Kearny's 300-man force departed from Santa Fe.

2054:, with a squadron of 100 dragoons, finally reached the 3979:

Several Osos occupied Yerba Buena without resistance.

3356:

The Frémont expedition entered the Sacramento Valley.

1237: 4628:

At Yerba Buena, Sanchez surrendered unconditionally.

4107:

Frémont raised the U.S. flag over San Juan Bautista.

2538:

into two provinces, Alta and Baja California, at the

5467:. Pacific Grove, CA: Boxwood Press. pp. 35–38. 4678:

Frémont learned of the reoccupation of Los Angeles.

2746:

on November 20. Walker discovered a route along the

2696:

settles in Alta California. His elder half-brother,

1820:, captured the Alta Californian capital city in the 2589:took a second California expedition and arrived at 2570:. Smith eventually left Mexican California through 5698:Bear Flag Rising: The Conquest of California, 1846 5695: 5460: 6936:"Campo de Cahuenga, the Birthplace of California" 3616:). The expedition turned back toward California. 3217:James K. Polk was inaugurated as U.S. president. 2723:is built on the Mexico/US border adjacent to the 1866:, the only major engagement to take place in the 9385: 5576: 5574: 4872:Seventy-five Years in San Francisco; Appendix L 4603:At Yerba Buena, Sanchez agreed to a cease-fire. 2081:on January 8, 1847. On that day they fought the 235:Military Government Installed in Alta California 7155: 5680:Bancroft's Works: History of California, Vol IV 4575:Frémont occupied a hotel close to the adobe of 4230:Stockton's army entered Los Angeles unopposed. 2530:Mexico dissolved their monarchy and formed the 304: 5494:The Quarterly of the Oregon Historical Society 5128: 5083: 4979:Note: A new international boundary was drawn; 2926:writes articles on what becomes the basis for 2393: 8339: 7246: 5641: 5639: 5571: 3169:Frémont's expedition reached Fort Vancouver. 1672:range in December 1845. They had reached the 1223: 1096: 153:(6 months, 4 weeks and 2 days) 7126:; Edited by Lamar, Howard. (1963-Reissued). 6044: 5512: 5385:"The Iturbide Revolution in the Californias" 5053: 4346:Frémont and 170 men arrived at Yerba Buena. 3503:of several hundred Indians near present-day 3286:Frémont's expedition reached the Salt Lake. 5743:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography 5726: 5422:Nunis, Doyce B.; Larkin, Thomas O. (1967). 5421: 5296:. Yale University Press. pp. 11, 351. 2889:is put in his place by local Californians. 2143:and approved by American Brigadier General 1961:). Many other Californios lived on the 455 8346: 8332: 7253: 7239: 7216:A Continent Divided: The U.S. – Mexico War 7099: 7097: 7065: 7063: 7053: 7051: 6983: 6981: 6979: 6969: 6967: 6912: 6910: 6900: 6898: 6879: 6877: 6858: 6856: 6792: 6790: 6788: 6778: 6776: 6757: 6755: 6753: 6651: 6649: 6630: 6628: 6626: 6598: 6596: 6594: 6592: 6590: 6526: 6524: 6522: 6512: 6510: 6508: 6471: 6469: 6441: 6439: 5636: 4551:Frémont resumed his march to Los Angeles. 2534:. The new 1824 Mexican Constitution split 1942: 1668:with about 60 well-armed men, crossed the 1666:U.S. Army Corps of Topographical Engineers 1617:, which ended the conflict in California. 1230: 1216: 1110: 1103: 1089: 7260: 7150:History of California, VOL. V., 1846–1848 6384: 6382: 6336: 6334: 6332: 6259: 6257: 6255: 6253: 6243: 6241: 6192: 6190: 6171: 6169: 6159: 6157: 4184:Stockton's 360 men arrived in San Pedro. 2170: 2046:was the last major battle of the conquest 242:Loss of Power and Influence in California 62:Learn how and when to remove this message 6120: 6118: 6116: 6064:. Yale University Press. pp. 42–66. 6004: 6002: 6000: 5981: 5979: 5924: 5922: 5903: 5901: 5899: 5844: 5842: 5840: 5830: 5828: 5809: 5807: 5805: 5777: 5775: 5773: 5771: 5676: 5316: 5054:Lynwood, Carranco; Beard, Estle (1981). 2397: 2320: 2267: 2180: 2104: 2037: 2002:In Southern California, Mexican General 1982: 1922: 1857: 1752: 1683: 1624: 8353: 7094: 7060: 7048: 6976: 6964: 6907: 6895: 6874: 6853: 6785: 6773: 6750: 6646: 6623: 6587: 6519: 6505: 6466: 6436: 6205: 5645: 5611: 5580: 5389:The Hispanic American Historical Review 5266: 5068: 4843: 4816: 4338:warship then departed toward Monterey. 4213:. Pico penned an open farewell letter. 1972: 9386: 7078: 6379: 6329: 6250: 6238: 6187: 6166: 6154: 6059: 5693: 5552: 5546: 5382: 5343: 5291: 5188: 5163: 5013: 4859: 4857: 2490:At the Governor's Hall in Monterey, a 2428: 1918: 1757:Forces raising the U.S. flag over the 1748: 9444:History of United States expansionism 9404:Campaigns of the Mexican–American War 8327: 7234: 7122:Downey, Joseph, T., Ordinary Seaman, 6113: 5997: 5976: 5919: 5896: 5837: 5825: 5802: 5768: 5652:The Southwestern Historical Quarterly 5618:The Southwestern Historical Quarterly 5587:The Southwestern Historical Quarterly 5461:Woolfenden, J.; Elkinton, A. (1983). 5227: 2762:. The path later became known as the 2455: 2124: 1709:occurred when some 30 rebels, mostly 1211: 1084: 6212:. Chicago: Belford, Clark. pp. 5556:The North Carolina Historical Review 5487: 5285: 3004:, Mexican Minister of War, wrote to 1601:carried out by the United States in 18: 9424:Pre-statehood history of California 7203:California: An Interpretive History 4854: 3995:Sloat met with Larkin in Monterey. 3743:Sloat set sail for Monterey on the 3066:United States Secretary of the Navy 2202:1st Regiment of New York Volunteers 1679: 773:7th Regiment of New York Volunteers 13: 8819:Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta 7140:The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft, 7117:Bibliography of California history 7110: 5317:Adhikari, Mohamed (25 July 2022). 5310: 4779:History of California through 1899 3934:were then murdered in cold blood. 3108:United States Exploring Expedition 2865:as part of the reforms made under 1953:. Many lived in or near the small 14: 9455: 7302:Genocide of indigenous population 7209: 5529:"History of San Diego, 1542–1908" 5344:Parker, Robert J. (1 June 1942). 5084:Johnston-Dodds, Kimberly (2002). 4820:Californians Before the Gold Rush 4653:Frémont arrived at San Fernando. 4046:Castro answered in the negative. 3843:to continue as local magistrate. 1597:, was a military campaign of the 9414:1847 in the Mexican-American War 9409:1846 in the Mexican-American War 9367: 8977:Riverside–San Bernardino–Ontario 7346:Interim government of California 7162:History of California: 1846–1848 7072: 7039: 7030: 7021: 7012: 7003: 6990: 6949: 6928: 6919: 6886: 6865: 6844: 6835: 6826: 6817: 6808: 6799: 6764: 6741: 6732: 6723: 6714: 6705: 6696: 6676: 6667: 6658: 6637: 6614: 6605: 6578: 6569: 6560: 6551: 6542: 6533: 6496: 6487: 6478: 6457: 6448: 6427: 6418: 6409: 6045:Breckenridge, Thomas E. (1894). 5518:Holmes, Kenneth (1967) pp. 46–60 5164:Madley, Benjamin (22 May 2016). 4844:Hittell, Theodore Henry (1885). 4784:Indigenous peoples of California 3499:Fremont's party carried out the 3205:and left California. Californio 3079:to take command of the enlarged 2441:indigenous peoples of California 2223:, were chartered, and the sloop 1664:, on a survey expedition of the 1052: 1022: 998: 938: 892: 866: 854: 842: 829: 817: 805: 793: 766: 755: 740: 725: 714: 698: 667: 658: 647: 636: 627: 616: 607: 596: 583: 576: 564: 557: 545: 532: 519: 507: 498: 491: 481: 474: 464: 457: 447: 436: 425: 416: 407: 394: 381: 368: 355: 336: 320: 306: 109: 98: 23: 7079:Meares, Hadley (11 July 2014). 6684:"Mexican-American War Timeline" 6400: 6391: 6370: 6361: 6352: 6343: 6320: 6311: 6302: 6293: 6284: 6275: 6266: 6229: 6220: 6199: 6178: 6145: 6136: 6127: 6104: 6095: 6086: 6077: 6068: 6053: 6038: 6029: 6020: 6011: 5988: 5967: 5958: 5949: 5940: 5931: 5910: 5887: 5878: 5869: 5860: 5851: 5816: 5793: 5784: 5759: 5750: 5720: 5702:. New York: Macmillan. p. 5687: 5670: 5605: 5521: 5481: 5454: 5415: 5376: 5337: 5260: 5221: 5182: 5157: 5122: 5077: 5073:. University of Nebraska Press. 5062: 5058:. University of Oklahoma Press. 5047: 5034: 5007: 4998: 3971:Sloat reached Monterey harbor. 2093:. The last significant body of 2035:, with four Americans killed. 1761:following their victory at the 9419:Military history of California 8987:San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland 8967:Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim 7201:Rawls, James and Walton Bean. 6206:Frémont, John Charles (1887). 6047:Thomas E. Breckenridge Memoirs 5677:Bancroft, Hubert Howe (1886). 5646:Cleland, Robert Glass (1914). 5612:Cleland, Robert Glass (1914). 5581:Cleland, Robert Glass (1914). 4973: 4945: 4915: 4885: 4866: 4837: 4810: 4796: 2273:California Historical Landmark 2211:Three private merchant ships, 1780:, to the Pacific ports in the 253:American Migration to the West 1: 5737:"Frémont, John Charles" 5428:Southern California Quarterly 5346:"Larkin's Monterey Customers" 5131:American Behavioral Scientist 5044:Indian Historian Press, 1979. 4757:Conquest of California topics 2869:formalized under Santa Anna. 2863:Department of Las Californias 2265:finally arrived on April 17. 2006:and Alta California Governor 1645:, stationed in the pueblo of 1620: 5272:"State of the State Address" 5234:Journal of Genocide Research 5228:Sousa, Ashley Riley (2004). 5195:Journal of Genocide Research 5069:Lindsay, Brendan C. (2012). 2518:. He is the half-brother of 2314:In January 1847, Lieutenant 2257:arrived on March 20 and the 2100: 1831:, which had been berthed at 170:San Francisco North Bay Area 7: 8547:National Historic Landmarks 5383:Bolton, Herbert E. (1919). 5246:10.1080/1462352042000225949 5207:10.1080/1462352042000225930 4750: 4744:was signed in Mexico City. 4742:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 4494:, Lt. Washington Bartlett. 3099:of Missouri, were married. 3095:, daughter of U.S. Senator 2911:Antonio López de Santa Anna 2859:Baja California territories 2839:Antonio López de Santa Anna 2616:between Spain and the U.S. 2415:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 2406:historical landmark in the 2394:Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1717:garrison, in the pueblo of 1660:United States Army Captain 1591:Conquest of Alta California 10: 9460: 8552:National Natural Landmarks 7114: 5274:. California State Library 5022:(2). San Francisco: 8–15. 4730:stormed Chapultapec Castle 4577:Bernarda Ruiz de Rodriguez 3539:anchored in Monterey Bay. 2474: 2432: 2344: 2174: 2128: 2050:In late November, General 2029:Battle of Dominguez Rancho 2023:, under the leadership of 1976: 1963:ranchos of Alta California 1698: 1692:, first raised during the 261:Constitution of California 9363: 9298: 8995: 8952: 8624: 8567:congressional delegations 8377: 8365: 7838: 7535: 7519: 7482: 7429: 7371: 7272: 7268: 7184:Hittell, Theodore Henry. 6060:Madley, Benjamin (2016). 5292:Madley, Benjamin (2016). 5189:Madley, Benjamin (2004). 4762:Mexican California topics 3501:Sacramento River massacre 3006:Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo 2990:Two Years Before the Mast 2610:The 1828 Treaty of Limits 2597:and left California into 2564:California Central Valley 2284:Baja California Peninsula 2186:Battle of Río San Gabriel 2087:Battle of Rio San Gabriel 1631:Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo 1613:and Americans signed the 1249: 1122: 988: 981:500 personnel (Jan. 1847) 882: 679: 348: 295: 134: 123:Battle of Río San Gabriel 91: 83: 78: 8869:Santa Clara River Valley 8594:state historic landmarks 5746:. New York: D. Appleton. 5694:Walker, Dale L. (1999). 5488:Hill, Joseph J. (1923). 5424:"Six New Larkin Letters" 5143:10.1177/0002764213495032 4817:Castelo, Eugene (2015). 4789: 4056:Lt. Joseph Warren Revere 2316:William Tecumseh Sherman 2188:cannons and memorial in 2089:and the next day in the 2060:Santa Fe de Nuevo México 2015:On September 29, in the 1929:Charge of the Caballeros 1725:. There they formed the 1633:reviewing his troops in 1388:Northern Mexican Theater 9439:1847 in Alta California 9434:1846 in Alta California 8849:San Francisco Peninsula 8644:California Coast Ranges 7262:History of California 6433:Walker pp. 135, 137–138 6299:Walker pp. 123–125, 128 5553:Parker, Robert (1924). 3835:John Montgomery of the 3134:Thomas ap Catesby Jones 3077:Thomas ap Catesby Jones 3051:Bartleson–Bidwell Party 2566:looking for the fabled 2147:and Californio General 1943:Californios and the war 1690:Bear Flag of California 1070:2-3 captured or missing 928:2,000+ personnel (1847) 9429:Pacific Coast Campaign 9394:Conquest of California 8919:Southern Border Region 8844:San Francisco Bay Area 8729:Greater San Bernardino 8699:East Bay (SF Bay Area) 7341:Conquest of California 7138:Hubert Howe Bancroft. 7134:Yale University Press. 4772:Pacific Coast Campaign 3675:Sutter Buttes massacre 3010:National Intelligencer 2985:Richard Henry Dana Jr. 2898:Juan Bautista Alvarado 2887:Juan Bautista Alvarado 2614:1819 Adams–Onís Treaty 2532:First Mexican Republic 2410: 2337: 2279: 2206:Pacific Coast Campaign 2195:In July 1846, Colonel 2192: 2190:Montebello, California 2177:Pacific Coast Campaign 2171:Pacific Coast Campaign 2121: 2047: 1999: 1939: 1870: 1765: 1705:On June 14, 1846, the 1696: 1638: 1587:Conquest of California 1498:Pacific Coast Campaign 1114:Conquest of California 1040:25 captured or missing 917:Native American Scouts 349:Commanders and leaders 79:Conquest of California 9374:California portal 7502:Santa Catalina Island 7474:Territorial evolution 7186:History of California 7145:History of California 4927:californiapioneer.org 4847:History of California 3814:Ide sent Todd to the 3614:Klamath Lake massacre 3203:Battle of Providencia 2885:is fired. Californio 2654:American fur trapper 2550:American fur trapper 2401: 2327:Battle of San Pasqual 2324: 2271: 2204:and took part in the 2197:Jonathan D. Stevenson 2184: 2141:José Antonio Carrillo 2108: 2068:Battle of San Pasqual 2041: 2012:Pueblo of Los Angeles 1986: 1955:Pueblo of Los Angeles 1937:Battle of San Pasqual 1926: 1864:Battle of Santa Clara 1861: 1845:Battle of Yerba Buena 1756: 1743:California state flag 1687: 1628: 1535:2nd San Jose del Cabo 1530:1st San Jose del Cabo 1409:Santa Cruz de Rosales 1016:2 captured or missing 989:Casualties and losses 654:José Antonio Carrillo 268:Californian statehood 128:Battle of San Pasqual 8972:Sacramento–Roseville 8874:Santa Clarita Valley 7324:Mexican–American War 7309:Spanish colonization 7198:(1939, rev ed. 1955) 5016:The Indian Historian 4882:Accessed 18 Mar 2009 4767:Mexican–American War 3671:Meridian, California 2877:CA interim Governor 2700:pioneer businessman 2496:First Mexican Empire 2388:California Gold Rush 2365:Council Bluffs, Iowa 2311:'s garrison duties. 2309:California Battalion 2017:Siege of Los Angeles 1979:Siege of Los Angeles 1973:Siege of Los Angeles 1879:California Battalion 1759:Monterey Customhouse 1651:Presidio of Monterey 1599:Mexican–American War 1589:, also known as the 1415:Mexico City Campaign 1242:Mexican–American War 835:Local Town Militias 721:California Battalion 86:Mexican–American War 8924:Southern California 8839:San Fernando Valley 8789:Northern California 8749:Greater Los Angeles 7527:San Fernando Valley 7497:San Fernando Valley 7336:California Republic 6539:Walker pp. 151, 154 6388:Bancroft V: 132–136 6376:Bancroft V: 155–159 6272:Walker pp. 120, 122 6184:Walker pp. 108, 116 6083:Walker pp. 110, 112 5110:on October 12, 2014 3505:Redding, California 3151:Capture of Monterey 3147:Manuel Micheltorena 3127:Capture of Monterey 2750:across present-day 2736:Benjamin Bonneville 2556:San Gabriel Mission 2435:California Genocide 2429:California Genocide 2404:Battle of Natividad 2380:southern California 1919:Southern California 1786:mainland west coast 1749:Northern California 1727:California Republic 1595:California Campaign 1331:New Mexico Campaign 1283:California Campaign 1005:California Republic 694:California Republic 603:Joaquín de la Torre 454:Archibald Gillespie 328:California Republic 247:California genocide 9399:Mexican California 8864:Santa Clara Valley 8859:San Joaquin Valley 8854:San Gabriel Valley 8709:Eastern California 8679:Coastal California 8654:Central California 7351:United States rule 7297:Later explorations 7292:First explorations 7282:Native Californian 7165:. History Company. 7128:The Cruise of the 7036:Walker pp. 240–241 7018:Walker pp. 237–238 6584:Walker pp. 154–155 6557:Walker pp. 149–151 6548:Walker pp. 155–156 6493:Walker pp. 143–144 6463:Walker pp. 139–140 6454:Walker pp. 138–139 6424:Walker pp. 134–135 6406:Walker pp. 133–134 6367:Walker pp. 129–130 6358:Walker pp. 128–129 6290:Walker pp. 122–123 6209:Memoirs of My Life 5973:Walker pp. 95, 109 5270:(6 January 1851). 4903:on 20 January 2011 4893:"Mormon Battalion" 4878:2017-03-18 at the 4863:Walker pp. 215–219 3959:The merchant ship 3055:John Marsh's ranch 2924:John L. O'Sullivan 2909:Mexican President 2772:United States Army 2702:John Rogers Cooper 2568:Buenaventura River 2560:Governor Echeandía 2512:John Rogers Cooper 2456:Timeline of events 2411: 2361:United States Army 2338: 2331:San Pasqual Valley 2280: 2275:commemorating the 2193: 2161:Robert F. Stockton 2137:Treaty of Cahuenga 2131:Treaty of Cahuenga 2125:Treaty of Cahuenga 2122: 2111:Treaty of Cahuenga 2048: 2019:, the independent 2000: 1940: 1871: 1849:Robert F. Stockton 1822:Battle of Monterey 1774:United States Navy 1766: 1763:Battle of Monterey 1697: 1639: 1615:Treaty of Cahuenga 1276:Resaca de la Palma 1197:Treaty of Cahuenga 959:260-500 militiamen 443:John B. Montgomery 376:Robert F. Stockton 219:Treaty of Cahuenga 206:San Pasqual Valley 178:Santa Clara Valley 42:You can assist by 9381: 9380: 8982:San Diego–Tijuana 8929:Transverse Ranges 8879:Santa Ynez Valley 8829:Saddleback Valley 8824:Sacramento Valley 8809:Peninsular Ranges 8784:North County (SD) 8754:Los Angeles Basin 8616:Index of articles 8321: 8320: 7515: 7514: 7396:Industrial growth 6958:Los Angeles Times 5330:978-1-64792-054-8 5303:978-0-300-18136-4 5170:Los Angeles Times 4985:San Francisco Bay 4933:on 13 August 2011 4830:978-1-5194-7697-5 4748: 4747: 2879:Nicolás Gutiérrez 2841:takes power in a 2799:first white child 2671:William Wolfskill 2644:Old Spanish Trail 2595:Sacramento Valley 2510:British-American 2357:Latter-day Saints 2277:Battle of La Mesa 2153:Campo de Cahuenga 2091:Battle of La Mesa 2079:Los Angeles Basin 2052:Stephen W. Kearny 2044:Battle of La Mesa 2025:José María Flores 1723:San Francisco Bay 1711:American pioneers 1580: 1579: 1205: 1204: 1079: 1078: 674:Francisco Sánchez 623:José de Jesús Noé 540:José María Flores 504:Charles Burroughs 389:Stephen W. Kearny 291: 290: 245:Beginning of the 194:Los Angeles Basin 187: 186:Southern Theatre: 167: 166:Northern Theatre: 72: 71: 64: 9451: 9372: 9371: 9370: 8714:Emerald Triangle 8704:East County (SD) 8689:Cucamonga Valley 8674:Coachella Valley 8417:California Dream 8407:California sound 8348: 8341: 8334: 8325: 8324: 7983:Rancho Cucamonga 7958:Huntington Beach 7411:Legal revolution 7319:California Trail 7270: 7269: 7255: 7248: 7241: 7232: 7231: 7166: 7104: 7101: 7092: 7091: 7089: 7087: 7076: 7070: 7067: 7058: 7055: 7046: 7043: 7037: 7034: 7028: 7025: 7019: 7016: 7010: 7007: 7001: 6994: 6988: 6985: 6974: 6971: 6962: 6961: 6953: 6947: 6946: 6944: 6942: 6932: 6926: 6923: 6917: 6914: 6905: 6902: 6893: 6890: 6884: 6881: 6872: 6869: 6863: 6860: 6851: 6848: 6842: 6839: 6833: 6830: 6824: 6821: 6815: 6812: 6806: 6803: 6797: 6794: 6783: 6780: 6771: 6768: 6762: 6759: 6748: 6745: 6739: 6736: 6730: 6727: 6721: 6718: 6712: 6709: 6703: 6700: 6694: 6693: 6691: 6690: 6680: 6674: 6671: 6665: 6662: 6656: 6653: 6644: 6641: 6635: 6632: 6621: 6618: 6612: 6609: 6603: 6600: 6585: 6582: 6576: 6573: 6567: 6564: 6558: 6555: 6549: 6546: 6540: 6537: 6531: 6528: 6517: 6514: 6503: 6500: 6494: 6491: 6485: 6482: 6476: 6473: 6464: 6461: 6455: 6452: 6446: 6443: 6434: 6431: 6425: 6422: 6416: 6413: 6407: 6404: 6398: 6395: 6389: 6386: 6377: 6374: 6368: 6365: 6359: 6356: 6350: 6347: 6341: 6338: 6327: 6324: 6318: 6315: 6309: 6306: 6300: 6297: 6291: 6288: 6282: 6279: 6273: 6270: 6264: 6261: 6248: 6245: 6236: 6233: 6227: 6224: 6218: 6217: 6203: 6197: 6194: 6185: 6182: 6176: 6173: 6164: 6161: 6152: 6149: 6143: 6140: 6134: 6131: 6125: 6122: 6111: 6108: 6102: 6099: 6093: 6090: 6084: 6081: 6075: 6072: 6066: 6065: 6057: 6051: 6050: 6042: 6036: 6033: 6027: 6024: 6018: 6015: 6009: 6006: 5995: 5992: 5986: 5983: 5974: 5971: 5965: 5964:Walker pp. 93–94 5962: 5956: 5953: 5947: 5946:Walker pp. 91–92 5944: 5938: 5935: 5929: 5926: 5917: 5914: 5908: 5905: 5894: 5891: 5885: 5882: 5876: 5873: 5867: 5866:Walker pp. 64–65 5864: 5858: 5857:Walker p. 66, 84 5855: 5849: 5846: 5835: 5832: 5823: 5820: 5814: 5811: 5800: 5797: 5791: 5788: 5782: 5779: 5766: 5763: 5757: 5754: 5748: 5747: 5739: 5724: 5718: 5717: 5701: 5691: 5685: 5684: 5674: 5668: 5667: 5643: 5634: 5633: 5609: 5603: 5602: 5578: 5569: 5568: 5566: 5564: 5550: 5544: 5543: 5541: 5539: 5525: 5519: 5516: 5510: 5509: 5485: 5479: 5478: 5458: 5452: 5451: 5440:10.2307/41170073 5419: 5413: 5412: 5380: 5374: 5373: 5362:10.2307/41168001 5341: 5335: 5334: 5314: 5308: 5307: 5289: 5283: 5282: 5280: 5279: 5264: 5258: 5257: 5225: 5219: 5218: 5186: 5180: 5179: 5177: 5176: 5161: 5155: 5154: 5126: 5120: 5119: 5117: 5115: 5109: 5103:. Archived from 5092: 5081: 5075: 5074: 5066: 5060: 5059: 5051: 5045: 5038: 5032: 5031: 5011: 5005: 5002: 4996: 4977: 4971: 4970: 4968: 4966: 4949: 4943: 4942: 4940: 4938: 4929:. Archived from 4919: 4913: 4912: 4910: 4908: 4899:. Archived from 4889: 4883: 4870: 4864: 4861: 4852: 4851: 4841: 4835: 4834: 4814: 4808: 4807: 4800: 3131:Pacific Squadron 3081:Pacific Squadron 2941:begins building 2928:Manifest Destiny 2795:Thomas O. Larkin 2764:California Trail 2740:Joseph R. Walker 2694:Thomas O. Larkin 2660:Mission San José 2591:Mission San José 2578:mountain range. 2520:Thomas O. Larkin 2502:in Mexico City. 2500:Emperor Iturbide 2460: 2459: 2450:child separation 2424: 2353:Mormon Battalion 2347:Mormon Battalion 2341:Mormon Battalion 2325:Memorial to the 2213:Thomas H Perkins 2033:Rancho San Pedro 1797:Bear Flag Revolt 1793:John Drake Sloat 1782:Sandwich Islands 1770:Pacific Squadron 1739:Bear Flag Revolt 1707:Bear Flag Revolt 1701:Bear Flag Revolt 1694:Bear Flag Revolt 1680:Bear Flag Revolt 1674:Oregon Territory 1643:Thomas O. Larkin 1404:Sacramento River 1377:Red River Canyon 1305:Dominguez Rancho 1244: 1232: 1225: 1218: 1209: 1208: 1167:Rancho Domínguez 1127:Bear Flag Revolt 1117: 1115: 1105: 1098: 1091: 1082: 1081: 1057: 1056: 1027: 1026: 1003: 1002: 970:Horses and Mules 951:Initial strength 943: 942: 914:Horses and Mules 905:Initial strength 897: 896: 871: 870: 859: 858: 847: 846: 834: 833: 822: 821: 810: 809: 798: 797: 771: 770: 762:Mormon Battalion 760: 759: 751:Occupation units 747:Pacific Squadron 745: 744: 732:Army of the West 730: 729: 719: 718: 705:Bear Flag Rebels 703: 702: 672: 671: 663: 662: 652: 651: 643:José del C. Lugo 641: 640: 632: 631: 621: 620: 612: 611: 601: 600: 588: 587: 580: 569: 568: 561: 550: 549: 537: 536: 524: 523: 512: 511: 503: 502: 495: 486: 485: 478: 469: 468: 461: 452: 451: 441: 440: 430: 429: 421: 420: 412: 411: 399: 398: 386: 385: 373: 372: 360: 359: 341: 340: 339: 326: 324: 323: 316: 312: 310: 309: 216:American victory 185: 165: 136: 135: 113: 102: 76: 75: 67: 60: 56: 53: 47: 27: 26: 19: 9459: 9458: 9454: 9453: 9452: 9450: 9449: 9448: 9384: 9383: 9382: 9377: 9368: 9366: 9359: 9301: 9294: 9200:San Luis Obispo 8991: 8948: 8769:Mountain Empire 8669:Channel Islands 8634:Antelope Valley 8620: 8584:Protected areas 8373: 8361: 8352: 8322: 8317: 8203:San Luis Obispo 7834: 7740:San Luis Obispo 7531: 7511: 7478: 7425: 7401:Postwar culture 7367: 7264: 7259: 7212: 7194:Nevins, Allan. 7157:Hubert Bancroft 7143:vol 22 (1886), 7119: 7113: 7111:Further reading 7108: 7107: 7102: 7095: 7085: 7083: 7077: 7073: 7068: 7061: 7056: 7049: 7044: 7040: 7035: 7031: 7026: 7022: 7017: 7013: 7008: 7004: 6996:Marley, David; 6995: 6991: 6986: 6977: 6972: 6965: 6955: 6954: 6950: 6940: 6938: 6934: 6933: 6929: 6924: 6920: 6915: 6908: 6903: 6896: 6891: 6887: 6882: 6875: 6870: 6866: 6861: 6854: 6849: 6845: 6840: 6836: 6831: 6827: 6822: 6818: 6813: 6809: 6804: 6800: 6795: 6786: 6781: 6774: 6769: 6765: 6760: 6751: 6746: 6742: 6737: 6733: 6728: 6724: 6719: 6715: 6710: 6706: 6701: 6697: 6688: 6686: 6682: 6681: 6677: 6672: 6668: 6663: 6659: 6654: 6647: 6642: 6638: 6633: 6624: 6619: 6615: 6610: 6606: 6601: 6588: 6583: 6579: 6574: 6570: 6565: 6561: 6556: 6552: 6547: 6543: 6538: 6534: 6529: 6520: 6515: 6506: 6501: 6497: 6492: 6488: 6483: 6479: 6474: 6467: 6462: 6458: 6453: 6449: 6444: 6437: 6432: 6428: 6423: 6419: 6414: 6410: 6405: 6401: 6396: 6392: 6387: 6380: 6375: 6371: 6366: 6362: 6357: 6353: 6348: 6344: 6339: 6330: 6325: 6321: 6316: 6312: 6307: 6303: 6298: 6294: 6289: 6285: 6280: 6276: 6271: 6267: 6262: 6251: 6246: 6239: 6234: 6230: 6225: 6221: 6204: 6200: 6195: 6188: 6183: 6179: 6174: 6167: 6162: 6155: 6150: 6146: 6141: 6137: 6132: 6128: 6123: 6114: 6109: 6105: 6100: 6096: 6091: 6087: 6082: 6078: 6073: 6069: 6058: 6054: 6043: 6039: 6034: 6030: 6025: 6021: 6016: 6012: 6007: 5998: 5993: 5989: 5984: 5977: 5972: 5968: 5963: 5959: 5954: 5950: 5945: 5941: 5936: 5932: 5927: 5920: 5915: 5911: 5906: 5897: 5892: 5888: 5883: 5879: 5874: 5870: 5865: 5861: 5856: 5852: 5847: 5838: 5833: 5826: 5821: 5817: 5812: 5803: 5798: 5794: 5789: 5785: 5780: 5769: 5764: 5760: 5755: 5751: 5734:, eds. (1900). 5725: 5721: 5714: 5692: 5688: 5675: 5671: 5644: 5637: 5610: 5606: 5579: 5572: 5562: 5560: 5551: 5547: 5537: 5535: 5527: 5526: 5522: 5517: 5513: 5486: 5482: 5475: 5459: 5455: 5420: 5416: 5401:10.2307/2505905 5381: 5377: 5342: 5338: 5331: 5315: 5311: 5304: 5290: 5286: 5277: 5275: 5265: 5261: 5226: 5222: 5187: 5183: 5174: 5172: 5162: 5158: 5127: 5123: 5113: 5111: 5107: 5101: 5090: 5082: 5078: 5067: 5063: 5052: 5048: 5039: 5035: 5012: 5008: 5003: 4999: 4978: 4974: 4964: 4962: 4951: 4950: 4946: 4936: 4934: 4921: 4920: 4916: 4906: 4904: 4891: 4890: 4886: 4880:Wayback Machine 4871: 4867: 4862: 4855: 4842: 4838: 4831: 4815: 4811: 4802: 4801: 4797: 4792: 4753: 3002:General Almonte 2922:Anglo-American 2867:Las Siete Leyes 2855:Alta California 2827:Alta California 2710:Alta California 2698:Alta California 2675:George C. Yount 2536:Las Californias 2458: 2437: 2431: 2422: 2396: 2349: 2307:duties and the 2179: 2173: 2167:(brevet rank). 2145:John C. Frémont 2133: 2127: 2119:John C. Frémont 2109:Signing of the 2103: 2077:, entering the 1987:The capture of 1981: 1975: 1945: 1935:lancers at the 1921: 1875:John C. Frémont 1751: 1729:, created the " 1715:Sonoma Barracks 1703: 1682: 1662:John C. Frémont 1653:, commanded by 1623: 1603:Alta California 1583: 1582: 1581: 1576: 1320:Rio San Gabriel 1261:Thornton Affair 1245: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1206: 1201: 1187:Río San Gabriel 1118: 1113: 1111: 1109: 1075: 1051: 1045: 1021: 997: 984: 937: 931: 891: 878: 865: 864: 853: 852: 841: 840: 836: 828: 827: 816: 815: 804: 803: 792: 791: 785: 784: 777: 765: 764: 754: 753: 749: 739: 738: 734: 724: 723: 713: 712: 697: 696: 690: 689: 666: 665: 657: 656: 646: 645: 635: 634: 626: 625: 615: 614: 606: 605: 595: 594: 582: 581: 572:Mariano Vallejo 563: 562: 544: 543: 531: 530: 518: 506: 505: 497: 496: 488:William Mervine 480: 479: 471:Benjamin Wilson 463: 462: 446: 445: 435: 434: 424: 423: 415: 414: 413:Ezekiel Merritt 406: 405: 393: 392: 380: 379: 367: 366: 363:John C. Frémont 354: 337: 335: 332: 321: 319: 307: 305: 285:Mexican Cession 280: 274: 228: 227: 217: 208: 188: 184: 168: 156: 152: 150:13 January 1847 130: 125: 119: 118: 117: 116: 115: 114: 105: 104: 103: 68: 57: 51: 48: 41: 28: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9457: 9447: 9446: 9441: 9436: 9431: 9426: 9421: 9416: 9411: 9406: 9401: 9396: 9379: 9378: 9364: 9361: 9360: 9358: 9357: 9352: 9347: 9342: 9337: 9332: 9327: 9322: 9317: 9312: 9306: 9304: 9296: 9295: 9293: 9292: 9287: 9282: 9277: 9272: 9267: 9262: 9257: 9252: 9247: 9242: 9237: 9232: 9227: 9222: 9217: 9212: 9207: 9202: 9197: 9192: 9187: 9182: 9180:San Bernardino 9177: 9172: 9167: 9162: 9157: 9152: 9147: 9142: 9137: 9132: 9127: 9122: 9117: 9112: 9107: 9102: 9097: 9092: 9087: 9082: 9077: 9072: 9067: 9062: 9057: 9052: 9047: 9042: 9037: 9032: 9027: 9022: 9017: 9012: 9007: 9001: 8999: 8993: 8992: 8990: 8989: 8984: 8979: 8974: 8969: 8964: 8958: 8956: 8950: 8949: 8947: 8946: 8941: 8936: 8931: 8926: 8921: 8916: 8911: 8909:South Bay (SF) 8906: 8904:South Bay (SD) 8901: 8899:South Bay (LA) 8896: 8894:Silicon Valley 8891: 8886: 8884:Shasta Cascade 8881: 8876: 8871: 8866: 8861: 8856: 8851: 8846: 8841: 8836: 8834:Salinas Valley 8831: 8826: 8821: 8816: 8811: 8806: 8801: 8796: 8791: 8786: 8781: 8776: 8774:North Bay (SF) 8771: 8766: 8761: 8756: 8751: 8746: 8741: 8736: 8731: 8726: 8721: 8716: 8711: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8664:Central Valley 8661: 8656: 8651: 8646: 8641: 8636: 8630: 8628: 8622: 8621: 8619: 8618: 8613: 8608: 8606:Transportation 8603: 8598: 8597: 8596: 8591: 8581: 8576: 8575: 8574: 8569: 8559: 8554: 8549: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8529: 8528: 8527: 8517: 8516: 8515: 8510: 8505: 8500: 8495: 8485: 8484: 8483: 8478: 8473: 8468: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8447: 8446: 8436: 8431: 8426: 8421: 8420: 8419: 8414: 8409: 8404: 8399: 8394: 8383: 8381: 8375: 8374: 8366: 8363: 8362: 8351: 8350: 8343: 8336: 8328: 8319: 8318: 8316: 8315: 8310: 8305: 8300: 8295: 8290: 8285: 8280: 8275: 8270: 8265: 8260: 8255: 8250: 8245: 8240: 8235: 8230: 8225: 8220: 8215: 8210: 8205: 8200: 8195: 8190: 8185: 8180: 8175: 8170: 8165: 8160: 8155: 8150: 8145: 8140: 8135: 8130: 8125: 8120: 8115: 8110: 8105: 8100: 8095: 8090: 8085: 8080: 8075: 8070: 8065: 8060: 8055: 8050: 8045: 8040: 8035: 8030: 8025: 8020: 8015: 8010: 8005: 8000: 7995: 7990: 7985: 7980: 7975: 7970: 7965: 7960: 7955: 7950: 7945: 7940: 7935: 7930: 7928:San Bernardino 7925: 7920: 7915: 7910: 7905: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7844: 7842: 7836: 7835: 7833: 7832: 7827: 7822: 7817: 7812: 7807: 7802: 7797: 7792: 7787: 7782: 7777: 7772: 7767: 7762: 7757: 7752: 7747: 7742: 7737: 7732: 7727: 7722: 7720:San Bernardino 7717: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7667: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7637: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7587: 7582: 7577: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7541: 7539: 7533: 7532: 7530: 7529: 7523: 7521: 7517: 7516: 7513: 7512: 7510: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7488: 7486: 7480: 7479: 7477: 7476: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7456: 7451: 7446: 7441: 7435: 7433: 7427: 7426: 7424: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7377: 7375: 7369: 7368: 7366: 7365: 7364: 7363: 7358: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7328: 7327: 7326: 7321: 7311: 7306: 7305: 7304: 7299: 7294: 7289: 7278: 7276: 7266: 7265: 7258: 7257: 7250: 7243: 7235: 7229: 7228: 7223: 7211: 7210:External links 7208: 7207: 7206: 7199: 7192: 7182: 7167: 7153: 7135: 7112: 7109: 7106: 7105: 7093: 7071: 7059: 7047: 7038: 7029: 7020: 7011: 7002: 7000:[1998); p. 510 6989: 6975: 6963: 6948: 6927: 6918: 6906: 6894: 6885: 6873: 6864: 6852: 6843: 6834: 6825: 6816: 6807: 6798: 6784: 6772: 6763: 6749: 6740: 6731: 6722: 6713: 6704: 6695: 6675: 6666: 6657: 6645: 6636: 6622: 6613: 6604: 6586: 6577: 6568: 6559: 6550: 6541: 6532: 6518: 6504: 6495: 6486: 6477: 6465: 6456: 6447: 6435: 6426: 6417: 6408: 6399: 6390: 6378: 6369: 6360: 6351: 6342: 6328: 6319: 6310: 6301: 6292: 6283: 6274: 6265: 6249: 6237: 6228: 6219: 6198: 6186: 6177: 6165: 6153: 6144: 6135: 6126: 6112: 6103: 6094: 6085: 6076: 6067: 6052: 6037: 6028: 6019: 6010: 5996: 5987: 5975: 5966: 5957: 5948: 5939: 5930: 5918: 5909: 5895: 5886: 5877: 5868: 5859: 5850: 5836: 5824: 5815: 5801: 5792: 5783: 5767: 5758: 5749: 5719: 5712: 5686: 5669: 5635: 5604: 5570: 5545: 5520: 5511: 5480: 5473: 5453: 5414: 5395:(2): 188–242. 5375: 5336: 5329: 5309: 5302: 5284: 5268:Burnett, Peter 5259: 5240:(2): 193–209. 5220: 5201:(2): 167–192. 5181: 5156: 5121: 5099: 5076: 5061: 5046: 5040:Norton, Jack. 5033: 5006: 4997: 4993:Colorado River 4972: 4944: 4914: 4884: 4865: 4853: 4836: 4829: 4809: 4794: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4787: 4786: 4781: 4776: 4775: 4774: 4764: 4759: 4752: 4749: 4746: 4745: 4739: 4735: 4734: 4728:The U.S. Army 4726: 4722: 4721: 4718: 4714: 4713: 4710: 4706: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4687: 4684: 4680: 4679: 4676: 4672: 4671: 4668: 4664: 4663: 4659: 4655: 4654: 4651: 4647: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4637: 4634: 4630: 4629: 4626: 4622: 4621: 4618: 4614: 4613: 4609: 4605: 4604: 4601: 4597: 4596: 4593: 4589: 4588: 4585: 4584:early Jan 1847 4581: 4580: 4573: 4569: 4568: 4565: 4561: 4560: 4557: 4553: 4552: 4549: 4545: 4544: 4541: 4537: 4536: 4533: 4529: 4528: 4524: 4520: 4519: 4516: 4512: 4511: 4508: 4504: 4503: 4500: 4496: 4495: 4488: 4484: 4483: 4480: 4476: 4475: 4472: 4468: 4467: 4459: 4455: 4454: 4450: 4446: 4445: 4442: 4438: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4428: 4425: 4421: 4420: 4417: 4413: 4412: 4409: 4405: 4404: 4401: 4397: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4387: 4384: 4380: 4379: 4376: 4372: 4371: 4368: 4364: 4363: 4360: 4356: 4355: 4352: 4348: 4347: 4344: 4340: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4330: 4327: 4323: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4313: 4310: 4306: 4305: 4302: 4298: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4288: 4285: 4281: 4280: 4277: 4273: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4263: 4260: 4256: 4255: 4252: 4248: 4247: 4244: 4240: 4239: 4236: 4232: 4231: 4228: 4224: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4214: 4206: 4202: 4201: 4198: 4194: 4193: 4190: 4186: 4185: 4182: 4178: 4177: 4174: 4170: 4169: 4166: 4162: 4161: 4158: 4154: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4144: 4141: 4137: 4136: 4133: 4129: 4128: 4121: 4117: 4116: 4113: 4109: 4108: 4105: 4101: 4100: 4097: 4093: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4083: 4080: 4076: 4075: 4072: 4068: 4067: 4064: 4060: 4059: 4054:At 8:00 a.m., 4052: 4048: 4047: 4044: 4040: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4030: 4027: 4023: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4013: 4010: 4006: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3996: 3993: 3989: 3988: 3985: 3981: 3980: 3977: 3973: 3972: 3969: 3965: 3964: 3957: 3953: 3952: 3949: 3945: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3926: 3923: 3919: 3918: 3915: 3911: 3910: 3907: 3903: 3902: 3898: 3894: 3893: 3890: 3886: 3885: 3882: 3878: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3868: 3865: 3861: 3860: 3857: 3853: 3852: 3849: 3845: 3844: 3833: 3829: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3819: 3812: 3808: 3807: 3804: 3800: 3799: 3796: 3792: 3791: 3788: 3784: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3756: 3753: 3749: 3748: 3741: 3737: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3727: 3724: 3720: 3719: 3716: 3712: 3711: 3707: 3706:early Jun 1846 3703: 3702: 3699: 3698:early Jun 1846 3695: 3694: 3691: 3687: 3686: 3683: 3679: 3678: 3667: 3663: 3662: 3654: 3650: 3649: 3646: 3642: 3641: 3638: 3634: 3633: 3630: 3626: 3625: 3622: 3618: 3617: 3610: 3606: 3605: 3602: 3598: 3597: 3594: 3590: 3589: 3586: 3582: 3581: 3578: 3574: 3573: 3570: 3566: 3565: 3562: 3558: 3557: 3554: 3550: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3540: 3533: 3529: 3528: 3525: 3521: 3520: 3513: 3509: 3508: 3497: 3493: 3492: 3489: 3485: 3484: 3480: 3476: 3475: 3472: 3468: 3467: 3464: 3460: 3459: 3452: 3448: 3447: 3444: 3440: 3439: 3436: 3432: 3431: 3428: 3424: 3423: 3420: 3416: 3415: 3411: 3407: 3406: 3403: 3399: 3398: 3395: 3391: 3390: 3387: 3383: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3373: 3370: 3366: 3365: 3362: 3358: 3357: 3354: 3350: 3349: 3346: 3342: 3341: 3338: 3334: 3333: 3330: 3326: 3325: 3318: 3314: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3295: 3292: 3288: 3287: 3284: 3280: 3279: 3276: 3272: 3271: 3268: 3264: 3263: 3260: 3256: 3255: 3252: 3248: 3247: 3244: 3240: 3239: 3232: 3228: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3218: 3215: 3211: 3210: 3199: 3195: 3194: 3191: 3187: 3186: 3183: 3179: 3178: 3175: 3171: 3170: 3167: 3163: 3162: 3159: 3155: 3154: 3143: 3139: 3138: 3124: 3120: 3119: 3116: 3112: 3111: 3105: 3101: 3100: 3089: 3085: 3084: 3070:Abel P. Upshur 3063: 3059: 3058: 3048: 3044: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3034: 3031: 3027: 3026: 3019: 3015: 3014: 2999: 2995: 2994: 2982: 2978: 2977: 2959: 2955: 2954: 2951: 2947: 2946: 2936: 2932: 2931: 2920: 2916: 2915: 2907: 2903: 2902: 2895: 2891: 2890: 2875: 2871: 2870: 2861:merged as the 2835: 2831: 2830: 2815:Anthony Butler 2811:Andrew Jackson 2807: 2803: 2802: 2792: 2788: 2787: 2780: 2776: 2775: 2748:Humboldt River 2733: 2729: 2728: 2725:Arkansas River 2718: 2714: 2713: 2691: 2687: 2686: 2668: 2664: 2663: 2652: 2648: 2647: 2636:Antonio Armijo 2633: 2629: 2628: 2622: 2618: 2617: 2607: 2603: 2602: 2599:Oregon Country 2587:Jedediah Smith 2584: 2583:Sept. 19, 1827 2580: 2579: 2552:Jedediah Smith 2548: 2544: 2543: 2528: 2524: 2523: 2508: 2504: 2503: 2488: 2484: 2483: 2476: 2472: 2471: 2466: 2457: 2454: 2433:Main article: 2430: 2427: 2423:US$ 15,000,000 2408:Salinas Valley 2395: 2392: 2345:Main article: 2343: 2342: 2175:Main article: 2172: 2169: 2165:Stephen Kearny 2129:Main article: 2126: 2123: 2113:by Californio 2102: 2099: 2064:Sonoran Desert 2056:Colorado River 1977:Main article: 1974: 1971: 1944: 1941: 1920: 1917: 1750: 1747: 1699:Main article: 1681: 1678: 1622: 1619: 1578: 1577: 1575: 1574: 1569: 1564: 1559: 1554: 1548: 1547: 1546:Mosquito Fleet 1543: 1542: 1537: 1532: 1527: 1522: 1517: 1515:Punta Sombrero 1512: 1507: 1501: 1500: 1494: 1493: 1488: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1468: 1463: 1458: 1453: 1451:Molino del Rey 1448: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1428: 1423: 1417: 1416: 1412: 1411: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1390: 1389: 1385: 1384: 1379: 1374: 1372:Pueblo de Taos 1369: 1364: 1359: 1354: 1349: 1344: 1339: 1333: 1332: 1328: 1327: 1322: 1317: 1312: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1286: 1285: 1279: 1278: 1273: 1268: 1263: 1257: 1256: 1254:Texas Campaign 1250: 1247: 1246: 1240:Battles of the 1235: 1234: 1227: 1220: 1212: 1203: 1202: 1200: 1199: 1194: 1189: 1184: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1144: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1123: 1120: 1119: 1108: 1107: 1100: 1093: 1085: 1077: 1076: 1074: 1073: 1072: 1071: 1068: 1067:~40-60 wounded 1065: 1048: 1046: 1044: 1043: 1042: 1041: 1038: 1037:~53-64 wounded 1035: 1019: 1018: 1017: 1014: 1011: 994: 991: 990: 986: 985: 983: 982: 972: 971: 968: 967: 966: 960: 948: 947: 934: 932: 930: 929: 919: 918: 915: 912: 911:30-300 militia 902: 901: 888: 885: 884: 880: 879: 877: 876: 782: 781: 780: 778: 776: 775: 707: 687: 686: 685: 682: 681: 680:Units involved 677: 676: 633:Serbulo Varela 516: 402:William B. Ide 351: 350: 346: 345: 333: 331: 330: 317: 301: 298: 297: 293: 292: 289: 288: 282: 276: 275: 273: 272: 271: 270: 264: 258: 255: 249: 243: 237: 223: 222: 221: 214: 210: 209: 182:Salinas Valley 164: 162: 158: 157: 155: 154: 142: 140: 132: 131: 120: 108: 107: 106: 97: 96: 95: 94: 93: 92: 89: 88: 81: 80: 74: 73: 70: 69: 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9456: 9445: 9442: 9440: 9437: 9435: 9432: 9430: 9427: 9425: 9422: 9420: 9417: 9415: 9412: 9410: 9407: 9405: 9402: 9400: 9397: 9395: 9392: 9391: 9389: 9376: 9375: 9362: 9356: 9353: 9351: 9348: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9338: 9336: 9333: 9331: 9328: 9326: 9325:San Francisco 9323: 9321: 9318: 9316: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9307: 9305: 9303: 9300:Most populous 9297: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9283: 9281: 9278: 9276: 9273: 9271: 9268: 9266: 9263: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9253: 9251: 9248: 9246: 9243: 9241: 9238: 9236: 9233: 9231: 9228: 9226: 9223: 9221: 9218: 9216: 9213: 9211: 9210:Santa Barbara 9208: 9206: 9203: 9201: 9198: 9196: 9193: 9191: 9190:San Francisco 9188: 9186: 9183: 9181: 9178: 9176: 9173: 9171: 9168: 9166: 9163: 9161: 9158: 9156: 9153: 9151: 9148: 9146: 9143: 9141: 9138: 9136: 9133: 9131: 9128: 9126: 9123: 9121: 9118: 9116: 9113: 9111: 9108: 9106: 9103: 9101: 9098: 9096: 9093: 9091: 9088: 9086: 9083: 9081: 9078: 9076: 9073: 9071: 9068: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9058: 9056: 9053: 9051: 9048: 9046: 9043: 9041: 9038: 9036: 9033: 9031: 9028: 9026: 9023: 9021: 9018: 9016: 9013: 9011: 9008: 9006: 9003: 9002: 9000: 8998: 8994: 8988: 8985: 8983: 8980: 8978: 8975: 8973: 8970: 8968: 8965: 8963: 8962:Fresno–Madera 8960: 8959: 8957: 8955: 8954:Metro regions 8951: 8945: 8942: 8940: 8939:Victor Valley 8937: 8935: 8932: 8930: 8927: 8925: 8922: 8920: 8917: 8915: 8912: 8910: 8907: 8905: 8902: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8889:Sierra Nevada 8887: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8877: 8875: 8872: 8870: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8860: 8857: 8855: 8852: 8850: 8847: 8845: 8842: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8822: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8814:Pomona Valley 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8797: 8795: 8792: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8782: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8772: 8770: 8767: 8765: 8764:Mojave Desert 8762: 8760: 8757: 8755: 8752: 8750: 8747: 8745: 8742: 8740: 8739:Klamath Basin 8737: 8735: 8734:Inland Empire 8732: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8684:Conejo Valley 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8659:Central Coast 8657: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8649:Cascade Range 8647: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8631: 8629: 8627: 8623: 8617: 8614: 8612: 8609: 8607: 8604: 8602: 8599: 8595: 8592: 8590: 8587: 8586: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8577: 8573: 8570: 8568: 8565: 8564: 8563: 8560: 8558: 8557:NRHP listings 8555: 8553: 8550: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8526: 8523: 8522: 8521: 8518: 8514: 8513:Supreme Court 8511: 8509: 8506: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8491: 8490: 8489: 8486: 8482: 8479: 8477: 8474: 8472: 8469: 8467: 8464: 8463: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8452: 8449: 8445: 8442: 8441: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8422: 8418: 8415: 8413: 8410: 8408: 8405: 8403: 8400: 8398: 8395: 8393: 8390: 8389: 8388: 8385: 8384: 8382: 8380: 8376: 8371: 8370: 8364: 8360: 8356: 8349: 8344: 8342: 8337: 8335: 8330: 8329: 8326: 8314: 8311: 8309: 8306: 8304: 8301: 8299: 8296: 8294: 8291: 8289: 8286: 8284: 8281: 8279: 8278:Crescent City 8276: 8274: 8271: 8269: 8266: 8264: 8261: 8259: 8256: 8254: 8251: 8249: 8246: 8244: 8241: 8239: 8236: 8234: 8231: 8229: 8226: 8224: 8221: 8219: 8216: 8214: 8211: 8209: 8206: 8204: 8201: 8199: 8196: 8194: 8191: 8189: 8186: 8184: 8181: 8179: 8176: 8174: 8171: 8169: 8166: 8164: 8161: 8159: 8156: 8154: 8151: 8149: 8148:Santa Barbara 8146: 8144: 8141: 8139: 8136: 8134: 8131: 8129: 8126: 8124: 8121: 8119: 8116: 8114: 8111: 8109: 8106: 8104: 8101: 8099: 8096: 8094: 8091: 8089: 8086: 8084: 8081: 8079: 8076: 8074: 8071: 8069: 8066: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8058:Thousand Oaks 8056: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8026: 8024: 8021: 8019: 8016: 8014: 8011: 8009: 8006: 8004: 8001: 7999: 7996: 7994: 7991: 7989: 7986: 7984: 7981: 7979: 7976: 7974: 7971: 7969: 7966: 7964: 7963:Santa Clarita 7961: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7948:Moreno Valley 7946: 7944: 7941: 7939: 7936: 7934: 7931: 7929: 7926: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7863:San Francisco 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7845: 7843: 7841: 7837: 7831: 7828: 7826: 7823: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7813: 7811: 7808: 7806: 7803: 7801: 7798: 7796: 7793: 7791: 7788: 7786: 7783: 7781: 7778: 7776: 7773: 7771: 7768: 7766: 7763: 7761: 7758: 7756: 7753: 7751: 7750:Santa Barbara 7748: 7746: 7743: 7741: 7738: 7736: 7733: 7731: 7730:San Francisco 7728: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7716: 7713: 7711: 7708: 7706: 7703: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7646: 7643: 7641: 7638: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7628: 7626: 7623: 7621: 7618: 7616: 7613: 7611: 7608: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7588: 7586: 7583: 7581: 7578: 7576: 7573: 7571: 7568: 7566: 7563: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7546: 7543: 7542: 7540: 7538: 7534: 7528: 7525: 7524: 7522: 7518: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7489: 7487: 7485: 7481: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7442: 7440: 7437: 7436: 7434: 7432: 7428: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7378: 7376: 7374: 7370: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7353: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7316: 7315: 7312: 7310: 7307: 7303: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7290: 7288: 7285: 7284: 7283: 7280: 7279: 7277: 7275: 7271: 7267: 7263: 7256: 7251: 7249: 7244: 7242: 7237: 7236: 7233: 7227: 7224: 7221: 7217: 7214: 7213: 7204: 7200: 7197: 7193: 7191: 7188:vol 2 (1885) 7187: 7183: 7180: 7179:0-520-06605-7 7176: 7172: 7169:Harlow, Neal 7168: 7164: 7163: 7158: 7154: 7152: 7151: 7146: 7142: 7141: 7136: 7133: 7131: 7125: 7121: 7120: 7118: 7103:Walker p. 249 7100: 7098: 7082: 7075: 7069:Walker p. 246 7066: 7064: 7057:Walker p. 245 7054: 7052: 7045:Walker p. 242 7042: 7033: 7027:Walker p. 239 7024: 7015: 7009:Walker p. 237 7006: 6999: 6993: 6987:Walker p. 248 6984: 6982: 6980: 6973:Walker p. 236 6970: 6968: 6960:. 5 May 2002. 6959: 6952: 6937: 6931: 6925:Walker p. 233 6922: 6916:Walker p. 235 6913: 6911: 6904:Walker p. 234 6901: 6899: 6892:Walker p. 225 6889: 6883:Walker p. 224 6880: 6878: 6871:Walker p. 247 6868: 6862:Walker p. 223 6859: 6857: 6850:Walker p. 222 6847: 6841:Walker p. 221 6838: 6832:Walker p. 213 6829: 6823:Walker p. 211 6820: 6814:Walker p. 210 6811: 6805:Walker p. 209 6802: 6796:Walker p. 204 6793: 6791: 6789: 6782:Walker p. 203 6779: 6777: 6770:Walker p. 202 6767: 6761:Walker p. 201 6758: 6756: 6754: 6747:Walker p. 200 6744: 6738:Walker p. 199 6735: 6729:Walker p. 189 6726: 6720:Walker p. 198 6717: 6711:Walker p. 162 6708: 6702:Walker p. 197 6699: 6685: 6679: 6673:Walker p. 188 6670: 6664:Walker p. 196 6661: 6655:Walker p. 161 6652: 6650: 6643:Walker p. 160 6640: 6634:Walker p. 159 6631: 6629: 6627: 6620:Walker p. 158 6617: 6611:Walker p. 127 6608: 6602:Walker p. 157 6599: 6597: 6595: 6593: 6591: 6581: 6575:Walker p. 156 6572: 6566:Walker p. 154 6563: 6554: 6545: 6536: 6530:Walker p. 149 6527: 6525: 6523: 6516:Walker p. 148 6513: 6511: 6509: 6502:Walker p. 144 6499: 6490: 6484:Walker p. 140 6481: 6475:Walker p. 143 6472: 6470: 6460: 6451: 6445:Walker p. 138 6442: 6440: 6430: 6421: 6415:Walker p. 134 6412: 6403: 6397:Walker p. 133 6394: 6385: 6383: 6373: 6364: 6355: 6349:Walker p. 126 6346: 6340:Walker p. 132 6337: 6335: 6333: 6326:Walker p. 129 6323: 6314: 6308:Walker p. 131 6305: 6296: 6287: 6281:Walker p. 121 6278: 6269: 6263:Walker p. 142 6260: 6258: 6256: 6254: 6247:Walker p. 120 6244: 6242: 6235:Walker p. 118 6232: 6226:Walker p. 117 6223: 6215: 6211: 6210: 6202: 6196:Walker p. 116 6193: 6191: 6181: 6175:Walker p. 141 6172: 6170: 6163:Walker p. 115 6160: 6158: 6151:Walker p. 104 6148: 6142:Walker p. 107 6139: 6133:Walker p. 106 6130: 6124:Walker p. 113 6121: 6119: 6117: 6110:Walker p. 103 6107: 6101:Walker p. 112 6098: 6092:Walker p. 102 6089: 6080: 6074:Walker p. 109 6071: 6063: 6056: 6048: 6041: 6035:Walker p. 100 6032: 6026:Walker p. 111 6023: 6014: 6005: 6003: 6001: 5991: 5982: 5980: 5970: 5961: 5952: 5943: 5934: 5925: 5923: 5913: 5907:Walker p. 101 5904: 5902: 5900: 5890: 5881: 5872: 5863: 5854: 5845: 5843: 5841: 5831: 5829: 5819: 5810: 5808: 5806: 5796: 5787: 5778: 5776: 5774: 5772: 5762: 5753: 5745: 5744: 5738: 5733: 5729: 5728:Wilson, J. G. 5723: 5715: 5713:0-312-86685-2 5709: 5705: 5700: 5699: 5690: 5682: 5681: 5673: 5665: 5661: 5657: 5653: 5649: 5642: 5640: 5631: 5627: 5623: 5619: 5615: 5608: 5600: 5596: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5577: 5575: 5558: 5557: 5549: 5534: 5530: 5524: 5515: 5507: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5484: 5476: 5470: 5466: 5465: 5457: 5449: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5434:(1): 65–103. 5433: 5429: 5425: 5418: 5410: 5406: 5402: 5398: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5379: 5371: 5367: 5363: 5359: 5355: 5351: 5347: 5340: 5332: 5326: 5322: 5321: 5313: 5305: 5299: 5295: 5288: 5273: 5269: 5263: 5255: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5231: 5224: 5216: 5212: 5208: 5204: 5200: 5196: 5192: 5185: 5171: 5167: 5160: 5152: 5148: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5125: 5106: 5102: 5100:1-58703-163-9 5096: 5089: 5088: 5080: 5072: 5065: 5057: 5050: 5043: 5037: 5029: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5010: 5001: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4982: 4981:San Diego Bay 4976: 4961:. 6 June 1992 4960: 4959: 4954: 4948: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4918: 4902: 4898: 4894: 4888: 4881: 4877: 4874: 4869: 4860: 4858: 4849: 4848: 4840: 4832: 4826: 4822: 4821: 4813: 4805: 4799: 4795: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4773: 4770: 4769: 4768: 4765: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4755: 4754: 4743: 4740: 4737: 4736: 4731: 4727: 4724: 4723: 4719: 4716: 4715: 4711: 4708: 4707: 4702: 4699: 4698: 4693: 4690: 4689: 4685: 4682: 4681: 4677: 4674: 4673: 4669: 4666: 4665: 4660: 4657: 4656: 4652: 4649: 4648: 4643: 4640: 4639: 4635: 4632: 4631: 4627: 4624: 4623: 4619: 4616: 4615: 4610: 4607: 4606: 4602: 4599: 4598: 4594: 4591: 4590: 4586: 4583: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4572:late Dec 1846 4571: 4570: 4566: 4563: 4562: 4558: 4555: 4554: 4550: 4547: 4546: 4542: 4539: 4538: 4534: 4531: 4530: 4525: 4522: 4521: 4517: 4514: 4513: 4509: 4506: 4505: 4501: 4498: 4497: 4493: 4489: 4486: 4485: 4481: 4478: 4477: 4473: 4470: 4469: 4465: 4460: 4457: 4456: 4451: 4448: 4447: 4443: 4440: 4439: 4434: 4431: 4430: 4426: 4423: 4422: 4418: 4415: 4414: 4410: 4407: 4406: 4402: 4399: 4398: 4393: 4390: 4389: 4385: 4383:late Oct 1846 4382: 4381: 4377: 4375:late Oct 1846 4374: 4373: 4369: 4366: 4365: 4361: 4358: 4357: 4353: 4350: 4349: 4345: 4342: 4341: 4336: 4333: 4332: 4328: 4325: 4324: 4319: 4316: 4315: 4311: 4308: 4307: 4303: 4300: 4299: 4294: 4291: 4290: 4286: 4283: 4282: 4278: 4275: 4274: 4269: 4266: 4265: 4261: 4258: 4257: 4253: 4250: 4249: 4245: 4242: 4241: 4237: 4234: 4233: 4229: 4226: 4225: 4220: 4217: 4216: 4212: 4207: 4204: 4203: 4199: 4196: 4195: 4191: 4188: 4187: 4183: 4180: 4179: 4175: 4172: 4171: 4167: 4165:late Jul 1846 4164: 4163: 4159: 4156: 4155: 4150: 4147: 4146: 4142: 4139: 4138: 4134: 4131: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4119: 4118: 4114: 4111: 4110: 4106: 4103: 4102: 4098: 4095: 4094: 4089: 4086: 4085: 4081: 4078: 4077: 4073: 4070: 4069: 4065: 4062: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4050: 4049: 4045: 4042: 4041: 4036: 4033: 4032: 4028: 4025: 4024: 4019: 4016: 4015: 4011: 4008: 4007: 4002: 3999: 3998: 3994: 3991: 3990: 3986: 3983: 3982: 3978: 3975: 3974: 3970: 3967: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3955: 3954: 3950: 3947: 3946: 3941: 3938: 3937: 3932: 3929: 3928: 3924: 3921: 3920: 3916: 3913: 3912: 3908: 3905: 3904: 3899: 3896: 3895: 3891: 3888: 3887: 3883: 3880: 3879: 3874: 3871: 3870: 3866: 3863: 3862: 3858: 3855: 3854: 3850: 3847: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3831: 3830: 3825: 3822: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3810: 3809: 3805: 3802: 3801: 3797: 3794: 3793: 3789: 3786: 3785: 3780: 3777: 3776: 3771: 3768: 3767: 3762: 3759: 3758: 3754: 3751: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3739: 3738: 3733: 3730: 3729: 3725: 3722: 3721: 3717: 3714: 3713: 3708: 3705: 3704: 3700: 3697: 3696: 3692: 3689: 3688: 3684: 3682:late May 1846 3681: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3665: 3664: 3659: 3655: 3652: 3651: 3647: 3644: 3643: 3639: 3636: 3635: 3631: 3628: 3627: 3623: 3620: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3608: 3607: 3603: 3600: 3599: 3595: 3592: 3591: 3587: 3584: 3583: 3579: 3576: 3575: 3571: 3568: 3567: 3563: 3560: 3559: 3555: 3552: 3551: 3546: 3543: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3531: 3530: 3526: 3523: 3522: 3518: 3514: 3511: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3495: 3494: 3490: 3488:late Mar 1846 3487: 3486: 3481: 3478: 3477: 3473: 3470: 3469: 3465: 3462: 3461: 3457: 3453: 3450: 3449: 3445: 3442: 3441: 3437: 3434: 3433: 3429: 3426: 3425: 3421: 3418: 3417: 3412: 3409: 3408: 3404: 3401: 3400: 3396: 3393: 3392: 3388: 3385: 3384: 3379: 3376: 3375: 3371: 3368: 3367: 3363: 3360: 3359: 3355: 3352: 3351: 3347: 3344: 3343: 3339: 3336: 3335: 3331: 3328: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3316: 3315: 3310: 3307: 3306: 3301: 3298: 3297: 3293: 3290: 3289: 3285: 3282: 3281: 3277: 3274: 3273: 3269: 3266: 3265: 3261: 3258: 3257: 3253: 3250: 3249: 3245: 3242: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3230: 3229: 3224: 3221: 3220: 3216: 3213: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3197: 3196: 3192: 3189: 3188: 3184: 3181: 3180: 3176: 3173: 3172: 3168: 3165: 3164: 3160: 3157: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3141: 3140: 3135: 3132: 3128: 3125: 3122: 3121: 3117: 3114: 3113: 3109: 3106: 3103: 3102: 3098: 3097:Thomas Benton 3094: 3093:Jessie Benton 3090: 3087: 3086: 3082: 3078: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3064: 3061: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3049: 3046: 3045: 3040: 3037: 3036: 3032: 3029: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3017: 3016: 3011: 3007: 3003: 3000: 2997: 2996: 2992: 2991: 2986: 2983: 2980: 2979: 2975: 2974: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2957: 2956: 2952: 2949: 2948: 2944: 2943:Sutter's Fort 2940: 2937: 2934: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2918: 2917: 2912: 2908: 2905: 2904: 2899: 2896: 2893: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2876: 2873: 2872: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2851:unitary state 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2834:Dec. 15, 1835 2833: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2809:US President 2808: 2805: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2793: 2791:April 6, 1834 2790: 2789: 2785: 2784:José Figueroa 2781: 2779:Feb. 14, 1834 2778: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2760:Sierra Nevada 2757: 2754:, as well as 2753: 2749: 2745: 2744:Half Moon Bay 2741: 2737: 2734: 2731: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2719: 2716: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2669: 2666: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2651:July 11, 1830 2650: 2649: 2645: 2641: 2637: 2634: 2632:Jan. 31, 1830 2631: 2630: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2608: 2606:Jan. 12, 1828 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1032: 1030: 1029:United States 1025: 1020: 1015: 1012: 1009: 1008: 1006: 1001: 996: 995: 993: 992: 987: 980: 979: 978: 976: 975:Peak strength 969: 965: 961: 958: 957: 956: 955: 954: 952: 946: 941: 936: 935: 933: 927: 926: 925: 923: 922:Peak strength 916: 913: 910: 909: 908: 906: 900: 895: 890: 889: 887: 886: 881: 874: 869: 862: 857: 850: 845: 839: 838:Cavalry units 832: 825: 820: 813: 808: 801: 796: 790: 787: 786: 779: 774: 769: 763: 758: 752: 748: 743: 737: 733: 728: 722: 717: 711: 710:United States 708: 706: 701: 695: 692: 691: 684: 683: 678: 675: 670: 664:Manuel Castro 661: 655: 650: 644: 639: 630: 624: 619: 613:Mariano Silva 610: 604: 599: 593: 592: 586: 579: 574: 573: 567: 560: 555: 554: 548: 542: 541: 535: 529: 528: 522: 517: 515: 514:James F. Reed 510: 501: 494: 489: 484: 477: 472: 467: 460: 455: 450: 444: 439: 433: 432:John D. Sloat 428: 422:Henry L. Ford 419: 410: 404: 403: 397: 391: 390: 384: 378: 377: 371: 365: 364: 358: 353: 352: 347: 344: 334: 329: 318: 315: 314:United States 303: 302: 300: 299: 294: 286: 283: 278: 277: 269: 265: 262: 259: 256: 254: 250: 248: 244: 241: 238: 236: 232: 231: 230: 229: 226: 220: 215: 212: 211: 207: 203: 202:Santa Barbara 199: 198:Pomona Valley 195: 191: 190:San Diego Bay 183: 179: 175: 171: 163: 160: 159: 151: 147: 144: 143: 141: 138: 137: 133: 129: 124: 112: 101: 90: 87: 82: 77: 66: 63: 55: 45: 39: 37: 32:This article 30: 21: 20: 9365: 9035:Contra Costa 8944:Wine Country 8804:Oxnard Plain 8799:Owens Valley 8794:Orange Coast 8719:Gold Country 8694:Death Valley 8429:Demographics 8367: 8168:Redwood City 8143:Santa Monica 7968:Garden Grove 7575:Contra Costa 7340: 7314:Mexican rule 7219: 7202: 7195: 7185: 7170: 7161: 7149: 7144: 7139: 7127: 7084:. 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The ship 2149:Andrés Pico 2115:Andrés Pico 2095:Californios 2083:Californios 2021:Californios 2004:José Castro 1959:Los Angeles 1950:Californios 1884:geographers 1837:Yerba Buena 1835:, captured 1655:José Castro 1611:Californios 1572:2nd Tabasco 1567:1st Tabasco 1491:Zacualtipan 1461:Mexico City 1456:Chapultepec 1436:Cerro Gordo 1399:Buena Vista 1362:Embudo Pass 1315:San Pasqual 1295:Los Angeles 1182:Santa Clara 1177:San Pasqual 1157:Los Angeles 1142:Yerba Buena 1013:3-7 wounded 736:Naval units 553:Andrés Pico 527:José Castro 279:Territorial 9388:Categories 9340:Long Beach 9335:Sacramento 9250:Stanislaus 9220:Santa Cruz 9175:San Benito 9170:Sacramento 8934:Tri-Valley 8759:Lost Coast 8744:Lake Tahoe 8520:Healthcare 8488:Government 8369:Sacramento 8359:California 8258:Marysville 8233:Susanville 8188:San Rafael 8183:Santa Cruz 8113:Costa Mesa 7973:Santa Rosa 7878:Long Beach 7873:Sacramento 7790:Stanislaus 7760:Santa Cruz 7715:San Benito 7710:Sacramento 7391:Water wars 7373:Since 1900 7287:Precontact 7130:Portsmouth 7115:See also: 6689:2014-08-31 5474:0910286957 5278:2019-08-30 5175:2019-08-30 4989:Gila River 4738:2 Feb 1848 3837:Portsmouth 3816:Portsmouth 3658:Portsmouth 3537:Portsmouth 3496:5 Apr 1846 3456:Portsmouth 3062:4 Dec 1841 3047:4 Nov 1841 2987:published 2894:7 Nov 1836 2845:and turns 2823:New Mexico 2690:April 1832 2679:sea otters 2667:early 1831 2540:Palóu Line 2492:Californio 2255:Susan Drew 2247:Valparaíso 2239:Susan Drew 2221:Susan Drew 1933:Californio 1828:Portsmouth 1791:Commodore 1621:Background 1607:California 1562:3rd Tuxpan 1557:2nd Tuxpan 1552:1st Tuxpan 1525:2nd La Paz 1520:1st La Paz 1446:Churubusco 1347:El Brazito 1266:Fort Texas 1010:1-2 killed 826:Battalion 814:Battalion 802:Battalion 240:Californio 44:editing it 9315:San Diego 9205:San Mateo 9185:San Diego 9165:Riverside 9115:Mendocino 9045:El Dorado 9040:Del Norte 9025:Calaveras 8572:elections 8498:districts 8461:Geography 8451:Education 8402:languages 8372:(capital) 8248:Red Bluff 8223:Hollister 8208:El Centro 8173:Yuba City 8128:Fairfield 8118:Inglewood 8078:Roseville 8048:Fullerton 8038:Sunnyvale 8033:Escondido 7998:Elk Grove 7993:Lancaster 7978:Oceanside 7903:Riverside 7898:Santa Ana 7853:San Diego 7745:San Mateo 7725:San Diego 7705:Riverside 7655:Mendocino 7585:El Dorado 7580:Del Norte 7565:Calaveras 7537:By county 7484:By region 7459:Railroads 7439:Etymology 7416:Tech boom 7361:Civil War 7356:Gold Rush 6941:24 August 5732:Fiske, J. 5658:(1): 26. 5254:109131060 5215:145079658 5151:144356070 4464:Mule Hill 3236:Princeton 3145:Governor 3074:Commodore 3021:American 3018:July 1841 2973:St. Louis 2770:, by the 2732:fall 1833 2498:ruled by 2480:Albatross 2369:San Diego 2335:San Diego 2225:USS 2101:Aftermath 2075:San Diego 2010:fled the 1993:USS 1989:San Diego 1862:The 1847 1843:) in the 1833:Sausalito 1826:USS 1815:USS 1808:USS 1801:USS 1778:Cape Horn 1731:Bear Flag 1721:north of 1481:Matamoros 1471:Huamantla 1441:Contreras 1394:Monterrey 1310:Natividad 1271:Palo Alto 1172:Natividad 1147:San Diego 875:Lanceros 266:Eventual 233:American 9320:San Jose 9275:Tuolumne 9235:Siskiyou 9135:Monterey 9110:Mariposa 9065:Imperial 9060:Humboldt 8997:Counties 8562:Politics 8525:Abortion 8503:governor 8298:Lakeport 8263:Piedmont 8243:Oroville 8218:Martinez 8193:Woodland 8103:Berkeley 8098:El Monte 8043:Pasadena 8023:Torrance 8003:Palmdale 7953:Glendale 7908:Stockton 7858:San Jose 7815:Tuolumne 7775:Siskiyou 7675:Monterey 7650:Mariposa 7605:Imperial 7600:Humboldt 7507:Yosemite 7492:Bay Area 7454:Missions 7449:Maritime 7444:Highways 7431:By topic 7181:, (1982) 7159:(1886). 5664:30234620 5630:30234620 5599:30234620 5506:20610230 5448:41170073 5370:41168001 5028:11614644 4965:27 March 4937:27 March 4907:27 March 4897:utah.gov 4876:Archived 4751:See also 4211:sine die 4125:Savannah 3745:Savannah 3386:Jan 1846 3377:Jan 1846 3353:Dec 1845 3317:Nov 1845 3308:Nov 1845 3283:Oct 1845 3251:Jun 1845 3243:Jun 1845 3207:Pío Pico 3182:Mar 1844 3174:Jan 1844 3166:Nov 1843 2998:May 1841 2965:arrests 2961:General 2837:General 2305:garrison 2292:Isabella 2259:Loo Choo 2245:reached 2243:Loo Choo 2217:Loo Choo 2062:and the 2008:Pío Pico 1897:Monterey 1868:Bay Area 1803:Savannah 1647:Monterey 1629:General 1367:2nd Mora 1357:1st Mora 1337:Santa Fe 1290:Monterey 1137:Monterey 1132:Olómpali 883:Strength 873:Carrillo 863:Lanceros 851:Lanceros 591:Pío Pico 161:Location 126:Bottom: 9355:Anaheim 9345:Oakland 9280:Ventura 9265:Trinity 9005:Alameda 8639:Big Sur 8626:Regions 8601:Symbols 8532:History 8493:Capitol 8471:ecology 8466:climate 8439:Economy 8387:Culture 8313:Alturas 8303:Jackson 8283:Willows 8198:Hanford 8138:Redding 8123:Ventura 8088:Vallejo 8073:Concord 8063:Visalia 8028:Hayward 8013:Salinas 7988:Ontario 7943:Fontana 7933:Modesto 7918:Fremont 7893:Anaheim 7883:Oakland 7840:By city 7820:Ventura 7805:Trinity 7545:Alameda 7520:Regions 7469:Slavery 7464:Ranchos 5409:2505905 4492:alcalde 3841:alcalde 2849:into a 2642:of the 2329:in the 2251:Perkins 2155:in the 2085:in the 1998:in 1846 1991:by the 1853:marines 1593:or the 1505:Guaymas 1476:Atlixco 1325:La Mesa 1192:La Mesa 849:A. 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