3635:
1199:(KYC), this entails financial organizations to have in person identification and to observe the lawfulness of the transaction in question. Although this methodology is not favoured by banks, lawyers or other professionals who are able to see the transaction of money or legal aid occurring, because of the business and client relationship that can be hurt through the process of personal identification. This can damage relationships between long term clients who need to prove their identity, and respected members of society do not want to be asked for personal identification every time.
1432:, in response to concerns that the UAE banking system had been used by 9/11 hijackers to launder funds, the UAE adopted legislation giving the Central Bank in 2002 the power to freeze suspect accounts for 7 days without prior legal authorisation. The report stated "banks have been advised to carefully monitor transactions passing through the UAE from Saudi Arabia and Pakistan and are now subject to more stringent transaction and client reporting requirements." The UAE government has since affirmed its stance and policy of zero tolerance towards terrorism financing.
1532:
contributions to a foundation which finances the families of
Hezbollah members who commit suicide bombings. The European Foundation for Democracy published that the âOrphans Project Lebanonâ organization directly channels financial donations from Germany to the Lebanese Al-Shahid Association, which is part of the Hezbollah network and promotes suicide bombings in Lebanon, particularly among children. In Germany, financial donations to the Orphans Project Lebanon are tax-deductible and thus subsidized by the German State's tax policy.
129:
77:
36:
1539:(DEA) called âOperation Cedarâ led to the arrest of Hezbollah operatives involved in laundering millions of euros in South American drug money to Europe and Lebanon. One of the operatives arrested was Hassan Tarabolsi, a German citizen who manages a worldwide money laundering business. Tarabolsi represents the close connection between the criminal operation and the leaders of Hezbollah.
1120:
try to make fund transfers harder to track. These transactions may also be disguised as donations to charities or as gifts to family members. Countries are not able to combat terrorism on their own, as corporate actors are needed to scan financial transactions themselves. If corporate actors do not comply with the state then penalties or regulatory sanctions may be applied.
1421:. The 9/11 terrorists had bank accounts in the UAE. Executing the attack cost the terrorist group around $ 400,000â500,000, out of which $ 300,000 was transacted via one of the hijackersâ bank accounts in the US. The movement of funds took place with the help of both public banking systems and the Al Qaeda established
1279:. For this reason, these activities must be examined in context with other factors in order to determine a terrorism financing connection. Simple transactions can be found to be suspect and money laundering derived from terrorism will typically involve instances in which simple operations had been performed (retail
1295:(PEP) may ultimately link up to a terrorism financing transaction. A charity may be a link in the transaction. Accounts (especially student) that only receive periodic deposits withdrawn via ATM over two months and are dormant at other periods could indicate that they are becoming active to prepare for an attack.
1162:
Bulk cash smuggling and placement through cash-intensive businesses is one typology. They are now also moving monies through the new online payment systems. They also use trade linked schemes to launder monies. Nonetheless, the older systems have not given way. Terrorists also continue to move monies
1131:
The internet is a growing modern form of terrorist finance as it is able to protect the anonymity that it can provide to the donor and recipient. Terrorist organizations use propaganda in order to rally up financial support from those who follow them. They are also able to find funds through criminal
1119:
Designated terrorist organisations may adopt a variety of strategies to get past efforts to prevent such funding. For example, they may make multiple smaller-value transfers in an attempt to bypass scrutiny; or they may use people who have no criminal backgrounds to complete financial transactions to
1531:
According to a research conducted by the Abba Eban
Institute as part of an initiative called Janus Initiative, Hezbollah is financed through non-profit organizations such as the âOrphans Project Lebanonâ, a German-based charity for Lebanese orphans. It found that it had been donating portions of its
1730:
defines the crime of terrorist financing as the offense committed by "any person" who "by any means, directly or indirectly, unlawfully and willfully, provides or collects funds with the intention that they should be used or in the knowledge that they are to be used, in full or in part, in order to
1649:
criminalises many actions deemed detrimental to the security of the
Republic of Ireland. An organisation can be made subject to a suppression order under the act, after which being a member of or directing or fundraising the activities of such an unlawful organisation becomes an offence. During the
1150:
Often linked in legislation and regulation, terrorism financing and money laundering are conceptual opposites. Money laundering is the process where cash raised from criminal activities is made to look legitimate for re-integration into the financial system, whereas terrorism financing cares little
1711:
has undertaken several actions against money laundering and terror funding. This includes production of following reports and implementation of their corresponding recommendations: Supranational Risk
Assessment Report (SNRA), Report on publicly known anti-money laundering cases involving EU banks,
1396:
added Saudi Arabia, along with several other countries, to its blacklist list of states that have failed to control money laundering and terrorism financing. Saudi Arabia has been accused of not making enough effort to control the huge amounts of money being transferred to
Islamist extremists and
1158:
and terrorist organizations detected within the United States and other countries referred to as crime-terror nexus points has been published in the forensic literature. The Perri, Lichtenwald and MacKenzie article emphasizes the importance of multi-agency working groups and the tools that can be
3291:
From its founding in 1969 until 1991, NORAID raised approximately $ 3.6 million for Irish republican causes, through a combination of testimonial fundraising dinners and an extensive campaign to solicit donations through direct mail, dinner-dance benefits, and "passing the hat" in Irish
1754:
A committee was formed in the United
Nations that were in charge of gathering a list of organizations and people who had ties with terrorism or were suspected of terrorism whose financial accounts needed to be frozen and that no financial institutes would be able to do trade with them.
1332:
for terrorism financing and has met only 5 of 27 action items, and it has been given four months to comply with the remaining action points for the prevention of terror financing. As of 2022 Pakistan is compliant on most of the action plan but continues to be on the list.
1213:, a US multi-agency task force established in October 2001 with the official purpose of countering terrorism financing considers the following patterns of activity as indicators of the collection and movement of funds that could be associated with terrorism financing:
1087:
Uniting and
Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act, also known as USA PATRIOT Act, was also enacted in 2001. In 2009 the act aided in blocking around $ 20 million and another $ 280 million that came from
3292:
American-owned businesses (such as bars) in major US cities.' This money was ostensibly to provide support for any number of causes related to
Ireland and Irish republicanism, ranging from political activities to support to the families of imprisoned PIRA members
1123:
Terrorists and terrorist organizations often use any resource of money they can have access to in order to fund themselves. This can range from the distribution of narcotics, black market oil, having businesses such as car dealerships, taxi companies, etc.
1186:"This chain of funding shows a clear correlation between transaction laundering and terrorism, using legitimate marketplaces to conduct illegal activity (in this case, selling counterfeit shoes) and then using the proceeds to launder money for terrorists."
1674:
in
America for the Republican cause (but not necessarily directly to the IRA coffers), were often overexaggerated and actually really small. Most or nearly all of the revenue for the IRA came from legitimate and criminal activities within Ireland such as
1228:
Transactions involving a high volume of incoming or outgoing wire transfers, with no logical or apparent purpose that come from, go to, or transit through locations of concern, that is sanctioned countries, non-cooperative nations and sympathizer
1439:(OFAC) sanction 16 firms and individuals involved in the money laundering network. A key financial facilitator of al-Shabaab is Dubai-based Haleel Commodities L.L.C., along with its subsidiaries and branches in Uganda, Kenya, Somalia and Cyprus.
3258:
Estimated to have sent at total of $ 3.6 million to
Ireland from 1970 to 1991, NORAID's contributions represented a small, but not insignificant, part of the IRA's income, which is estimated to have amounted to approximately $ 10 million a
1750:
after the 9/11 attacks. This outlined that states were not allowed to provide financing to terrorist organizations, allow safe havens to them and that information regarding terrorist groups had to be shared with other governments.
1099:
that the fight against terrorism financing will be an ongoing challenge (âitâs actually impossible to defeat a conceptâ). He noted that the worldâs top 10 terrorist organizations have an estimated annual budget of USD 3.6 billion.
1665:
of Irish origin), training camps, bomb factories, and safe houses for the Irish Republican cause more than any other group or nation on earth in the conflict. Overseas donations, including $ 12 million in cash from Libyan leader
1581:(AML) and countering financing of terrorism (CFT) to significantly enhance its IMF member nation's compliance on these issues which cause a threat to the global economy. India also seeks to link these IMF policies with the
1132:
activity on the internet such as stealing online banking information from people who are not correlated to these terrorist organizations. Terrorist organizations also use the front of being a charity to finance themselves.
2552:
1633:. Income sources for the Irish Republican and Loyalist paramilitaries came from gambling machines, cab companies and charitable donations in Northern Ireland, which provided the overwhelming bulk of revenue in
1370:
A recent report by FATF highlighted serious deficiencies in Saudi Arabia's efforts to counter terrorism. Terrorism financing budding in Saudi Arabia became an important source of funding for
2964:
2485:
2911:
3352:
1264:
Cash debiting schemes in which deposits in the US correlate directly with ATM withdrawals in countries of concern. Reverse transactions of this nature are also suspicious.
2623:
1520:, which is considered by the European Union to be a terrorist organization, while presenting their activities to donors as humanitarian help. German Interior Minister
1136:
is a known terrorist organization that has used the internet in order to finance their organization, as through this platform they are able to reach a wider audience.
336:
1095:
In 2020, Veit Buetterlin, who conducted investigations on-site in more than 20 countries and who was kidnapped in course of his work, explained in an interview with
2773:
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3464:
Giraldo, Jeanne K., and Harold A. Trinkunas. Terrorism Financing and State Responses: A Comparative Perspective. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press, 2007.
1492:
These offences sanction persons and entities under Australian and international law. The responsibility of prosecuting these offences in Australia rests with the
2539:
1618:
1435:
The US Treasury Department alleged a business network spread across the UAE, the Horn of Africa and Cyprus of laundering millions of dollars to al-Shabaab. The
1112:, though there is no consistency as to which organisations are so designated. In the United States, the Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets Control (
2807:
1323:
746:
87:
3046:
1780:, the al-Qassam Brigades provided a Bitcoin address to which donors could send funds and posted infographics and tutorials about Bitcoin on social media.
1513:
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The funding of international islamic terrorism ~ Strategic analysis profiles ~ Guardia di Finanza General Headquarters - 2nd Department â Analysis Unit
1933:
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operations, international transfer of funds) revealing links with other countries including FATF blacklisted countries. Some of the customers may have
1258:
Transactions with no logical economic purpose, that is, no link between the activity of the organization and other parties involved in the transaction.
3519:
3326:
Fact Sheet: Commission assesses risks and implementation shortcomings in fight against money laundering and terrorist financing: Questions and Answers
1916:
FATF nations, Full member nations, Observer nations, Call for action nations (Blacklisted nations), Other monitored jurisdictions (greylisted nations)
1528:
to so-called social welfare groups belonging to Hamas, such as the millions given by IHH, actually support the terror organization Hamas as a whole."
2649:
1261:
Overlapping corporate officers, bank signatories, or other identifiable similarities associated with addresses, references and financial activities.
2339:
2439:
1747:
1574:
1319:
1077:
942:
3881:
3113:
1825:
705:
139:
1646:
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2997:
1287:, particularly for trafficking in narcotics and weapons and may be linked with foreign terrorist groups. The funds may have moved through a
1056:
in the United States since its enactment. The United States has also collaborated with the United Nations and other countries to create the
3477:
Schott, Paul Allan. Reference Guide to Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 2006.
3021:
4025:
1497:
831:
3886:
3576:
410:
3511:- A Google-powered vertical search engine designed to facilitate and accelerate the account vetting process for financial institutions
3305:
3191:
2874:
1202:
The FATF Blacklist (the Non-Cooperative Countries or Territories list) mechanism was used to coerce countries to bring about change.
2908:
2892:
2512:
2101:
Ridley, Nicholas; Alexander, Dean C. (2011-12-30). "Combating terrorist financing in the first decade of the twentyâfirst century".
2803:
2769:
1548:
1167:, and through international ATM transactions. Charities also continue to be used in countries where controls are not so stringent.
103:
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1983:
4035:
2713:
1089:
1052:
in 2001, gives the US government anti-money laundering powers to monitor financial institutions. The Patriot Act has generated a
836:
3360:
826:
3981:
3609:
2577:
2084:
1315:
970:
864:
801:
367:
1409:
had been accused of being a financial hub for terrorist organisations. The UAE banking system was found to be involved in the
3397:
2415:
2049:
Levi, M. (2010-05-17). "Combating the Financing of Terrorism: A History and Assessment of the Control of 'Threat Finance'".
1621:, put in place in 1989, helped to prevent the financing of terrorism. This was more so to help shut down the funding of the
3961:
3951:
3284:
3251:
3222:
1602:
1344:
has been regularly accused of doing very little to prevent the flow of funds for the terrorism financing in other nations.
1155:
1125:
1068:
791:
786:
668:
49:
1271:, often numbered sequentially, to the same person or business, or to a person or business whose name is spelled similarly.
1116:) maintains such a list. Financial transactions that benefit the designated terrorist organisations are usually outlawed.
3996:
3971:
3491:
US Department of State International Narcotics Control Strategy Report (INCSR), annual report issued in March every year.
2761:
2364:
1739:, when the purpose of such act, by its nature or context, is to intimidate a population, or to compel a government or an
902:
806:
796:
700:
17:
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781:
3508:
2389:
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2470:
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756:
674:
191:
173:
63:
1695:, all which contributed to the longevity of the conflict as it enabled the group to buy enough guns and explosives.
1275:
It would be difficult to determine by such activity alone whether the particular act was related to terrorism or to
1017:. In general, the supply of funds to designated terrorist organisations is outlawed, though the enforcement varies.
2340:"Ancient Banking, Modern Crimes: How Hawala Secretly Transfers the Finances of Criminals and Thwarts Existing Laws"
2319:
Cornell, S (2006). "The narcotics threat in greater Central Asia: from crime-terror nexus to state infiltration?".
1472:
section 119.4(5) (giving or receiving goods and services to promote the commission of a foreign incursion offence).
1436:
1113:
2795:
1984:"DGs - Migration and Home Affairs - What we do - ...Crisis & Terrorism - Terrorist Finance Tracking Programme"
941:, though there is no consistency as to which organisations are designated as being terrorist by each country. The
821:
2671:
2414:
New, Transaction Laundering is the; April 30, Advanced form of Money Laundering; Am, 2017 at 10:16 (2015-01-20).
1536:
1074:
761:
91:
3443:
American Foreign Policy Council. Confronting Terrorism Financing. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2005.
3339:
1999 International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism (Terrorist Financing Convention)
4008:
3988:
3674:
3569:
3090:
2978:"Sepblac | Servicio Ejecutivo de la ComisiĂłn de PrevenciĂłn del Blanqueo de Capitales e Infracciones Monetarias"
1998:"Handbook on Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism for Nonbank Financial Institutions"
1965:
1727:
1655:
1381:
said that in 2009 the kingdom was a crucial source of funds to Sunni terrorist groups, including al-Qaeda, the
815:
659:
3091:
Select Committee on Northern Ireland Affairs - Part One: The continuing threat from paramilitary organisations
937:
laws. Some countries and multinational organisations have created a list of organisations that they regard as
4063:
4015:
1810:
1776:, began a campaign to get supporters to donate USD. Soon after announcing its intention to crowdfund through
1773:
1238:
Corporate layering, transfers between bank accounts of related entities or charities for no apparent reasons.
1108:
A number of countries and multinational organisations maintain lists of organisations that they designate as
3449:
Clarke, C.P. Terrorism, Inc.: The Financing of Terrorism, Insurgency, and Irregular Warfare. ABC-CLIO, 2015.
1930:
1252:
activity, for example a lack of small cheques or typical donations associated with charitable bank deposits.
1174:
in Paris, France in 2015, used transaction laundering to fund their activities. Examples included reselling
3829:
3380:
3158:
2204:
1311:
966:
444:
3891:
3780:
3446:
Biersteker, Thomas J., and Sue E. Eckert. Countering the Financing of Terrorism. London: Routledge, 2008.
1721:
1662:
1566:
1288:
1232:
Unexplainable clearing or negotiation of third party cheques and their deposits in foreign bank accounts.
1159:
used to identify, infiltrate, and dismantle organizations operating along the crime-terror nexus points.
555:
524:
453:
242:
2947:
4058:
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3614:
1740:
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869:
357:
342:
950:
751:
3803:
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1952:
1493:
962:
771:
549:
540:
3173:
3071:
2965:
India Seeks Integration of Anti-money Laundering, Counter-terror Financing with IMF Lending Policies
2672:"National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States - Monograph on Terrorist Financing"
2578:"Saudi Arabia's measures to fight money laundering and the financing of terrorism and proliferation"
2028:
1902:
1255:
Using multiple accounts to collect funds that are then transferred to the same foreign beneficiaries
2217:
Makarenko, T. "The Crime-Terror Continuum: Tracing the Interplay between Transnational Organized".
1800:
1151:
about the source of the funds, but it is what the funds are to be used for that defines its scope.
155:
151:
55:
1367:
Saudi Arabia faces accusations of not doing enough to stop terrorism financing by private actors.
3839:
3819:
3750:
3599:
3525:
1661:
However during the conflict, the Republic of Ireland was a primary source of funds, arms (mostly
1556:
1280:
1241:
Wire transfers by charitable organisations to companies located in countries known to be bank or
1021:
895:
727:
592:
469:
459:
232:
95:
3765:
3421:
1850:
1429:
1171:
1109:
938:
681:
637:
372:
321:
267:
2857:
1881:
1712:
Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) report, interconnection of central bank account registries.
1684:
1128:
is known to use black market oil distribution as a means of funding their terrorist activity.
3691:
3058:
2015:
1889:
1578:
1268:
1210:
1053:
474:
312:
287:
147:
3338:
3325:
2833:
2513:"Pakistan to stay on FATF 'greylist' over failure to convict UNSC-designated terror leaders"
3917:
3722:
3664:
3604:
3452:, Sean S., and David Gold. Terrornomics. Aldershot, England; Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2007.
1410:
1406:
1217:
Account transactions that are inconsistent with past deposits or withdrawals such as cash,
1049:
498:
382:
292:
237:
3493:
Essential reading for all compliance officers for evaluating country money laundering risk
3480:
Vittori, Jodi. Terrorist Financing and Resourcing. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
8:
4003:
3824:
3700:
3696:
3659:
3649:
3458:. Funding Evil: How Terrorism Is Financedâand How to Stop It. Chicago: Bonus Books, 2003.
3408:
3214:
1622:
1552:
1393:
1006:
874:
811:
587:
415:
317:
302:
277:
272:
1735:, or to any other person not taking an active part in the hostilities in a situation of
3865:
3735:
3540:- Blog on all aspects of terrorism financing written by a group of independent analysts
3276:
2845:
2739:
2234:
1855:
1605:, through the Commission for the Prevention of Money Laundering and Monetary Offences (
1521:
1196:
1179:
888:
530:
520:
484:
214:
2598:
3834:
3755:
3705:
3619:
3468:
3393:
3280:
3247:
3218:
2624:"EU adds Saudi Arabia to 'dirty money' blacklist in crackdown on terrorism financing"
2466:
2433:
2186:
2118:
2066:
1877:
1845:
1676:
1586:
1081:
859:
622:
602:
400:
332:
3471:. The Sage Encyclopedia of Terrorism. Thousand Oaks, Calif: SAGE Publications, 2011.
2238:
1516:(IHH), saying it has used donations to support projects in Gaza that are related to
3455:
3387:
3192:"Libya: Extent of Gaddafi's financial support for IRA stunned British intelligence"
3171:
2458:
2299:
2226:
2178:
2149:
2110:
2058:
2001:
1830:
1692:
1630:
1145:
934:
617:
479:
3440:
Adams, James. The Financing of Terror. Sevenoaks, Kent: New English Library, 1986.
2486:"Pakistan unlikely to exit grey list of global terror funding watchdog until June"
3912:
3860:
3798:
3669:
3532:
3309:
3195:
2915:
2688:
1937:
1835:
1815:
1667:
1626:
1386:
1378:
1284:
1276:
1020:
Initially the focus of CTF efforts was on non-profit organizations, unregistered
949:
of countries that have not taken adequate CTF action. As of 24 October 2019, the
923:
736:
647:
627:
405:
327:
3490:
2230:
3775:
3730:
3686:
3143:
2154:
2137:
1840:
1790:
1708:
1084:
measure intended to deny financing to terrorist organisations and individuals.
946:
664:
582:
515:
449:
347:
282:
3474:
Pieth, Mark. Financing Terrorism. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.
3422:"Brown's war just doesn't add up: you can't kill terrorists with a calculator"
3053:(2). Stanford University Center for International Security and Cooperation: 8.
2462:
2182:
2114:
4052:
3654:
3624:
2190:
2122:
2070:
1414:
1329:
1235:
Structuring at multiple branches or the same branch with multiple activities.
1222:
1042:
953:(Call for action nations) only listed two countries for terrorism financing:
945:(FATF) has made recommendations to members relating to CTF. It has created a
642:
377:
2998:"Spain: Strategy to Prevent the Financing of Terrorism | PaymentsCompliance"
2714:"UAE calls for zero tolerance for all those who support terrorism financing"
3740:
3461:
Freeman, Michael. Financing Terrorism Case Studies. Farnham: Ashgate, 2011.
3159:"Libyan leader Gaddafi's IRA support revealed in secret Irish State Papers"
2930:"Janus Initiative | Fighting the terror and crime spreading in europe"
2553:"Saudi Arabia still isn't doing enough to fight the financing of terrorism"
2203:
Perri, Frank S., Lichtenwald, Terrance G., and MacKenzie, Paula M. (2009).
1820:
1680:
1634:
1582:
652:
577:
3115:
Republic of Ireland played integral role in supporting IRA, says historian
3119:
2062:
1731:
carry out" an act "intended to cause death or serious bodily injury to a
1249:
1064:
1045:
954:
565:
560:
464:
3211:
The Counter-Insurgency Myth: The British Experience of Irregular Warfare
3172:
David McCullagh, Conor McMorrow and Justin McCarthy (28 December 2021).
2304:
2287:
2252:
Makarenko, T (2002). "Crime, Terror, and the Central Asian Drug Trade".
2169:
Jacobson, Michael (2010-03-15). "Terrorist Financing and the Internet".
27:
Providing financial support to individual terrorists or non-state actors
3855:
3770:
3243:
2736:"Treasury Designates Transnational al-Shabaab Money Laundering Network"
2006:
1997:
1915:
1609:), published their strategy for preventing the financing of terrorism.
1071:, which focuses specifically on money laundering and financial crimes.
918:
is the provision of funds or providing financial support to individual
612:
607:
570:
2390:"Transaction Laundering is the New, Advanced form of Money Laundering"
1460:
section 102.6 (getting funds to, from or for a terrorist organisation)
3585:
1590:
1562:
1525:
1447:
1242:
919:
222:
205:
2138:"Drugs & thugs: Funding terrorism through narcotics trafficking"
3745:
1732:
1418:
1371:
1133:
1014:
994:
982:
978:
545:
255:
3520:
International Centre for Political Violence and Terrorism Research
3514:
1777:
1606:
1509:
1382:
1341:
990:
974:
597:
535:
3303:
3140:"Support in Republic during Troubles 'key for IRA', book claims"
3047:"Anti-Terrorist Finance in the United Kingdom and United States"
2929:
2271:
Makarenko, T (2003). "A model of terrorist-criminal relations".
3760:
3537:
2288:"The Crime-Terror Nexus: Transformation, Alliance, Convergence"
1671:
1422:
1291:
or a country where there is a terrorism problem. A link with a
1218:
1164:
1025:
998:
632:
3548:
3237:
3177:
1486:
section 21 (giving an asset to a proscribed person or entity).
2977:
2457:, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015-10-10, pp. 131â141,
1769:
1758:
1688:
1517:
1463:
section 102.7 (providing support to a terrorist organisation)
1356:
1352:
1010:
1002:
986:
3554:
3543:
2085:"Fighting the War Against Terrorist Financing - Cnnmoney.ch"
1876:
Lin, Tom C. W. (14 April 2016). "Financial Weapons of War".
2909:
EFD Report: Hezbollah fundraising in Germany tax-deductible
1763:
958:
3496:
3240:
Understanding Civil War: Evidence and Analysis ¡ Volume 2
1805:
1736:
1096:
1154:
An in-depth study of the symbiotic relationship between
2347:
University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law
1619:
Prevention of Terrorism (Temporary Provisions) Act 1989
2599:"Wikileaks: Saudis 'chief funders of Sunni militants'"
1190:
1324:
Inter-Services Intelligence activities in Afghanistan
1103:
3306:"Sinn FĂŠin raised $ 12 million in the United States"
3174:"Extent of Libyan backing for IRA 'shocked' British"
2827:
2825:
1024:(MSBs) (including so called underground banking or â
2535:
2533:
965:(Other monitored jurisdictions) had 12 countries:
3522:- Strategic Counter Terrorism - Financial Response
3409:"Financing terrorism: Looking in the wrong places"
3304:Pamela Duncan and Simon Carswell (March 5, 2015).
2918:, European Foundation for Democracy, July 13, 2009
2875:"Germany Outlaws Charity Over Alleged Hamas Links"
1796:Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre
2822:
2694:. Library of Congress â Federal Research Division
2540:Qatarâs Links to Terrorism: The War of Narratives
4050:
3044:
2530:
2416:"Police probe Kouachi's counterfeit connections"
1948:
1946:
1926:
1924:
3515:Financial Market Integrity Unit, The World Bank
2650:"UAE: Financial and Transit Hub of 9/11 Terror"
2100:
2096:
2094:
1909:
1483:section 20 (dealing with freezable assets), and
1355:interactions with militants includes financing
1320:Inter-Services Intelligence activities in India
943:Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering
3208:
3022:"PREVENCIĂN DE LA FINANCIACIĂN DEL TERRORISMO"
1966:"EU ups its fight against terrorist financing"
1826:List of charities accused of ties to terrorism
1698:
1028:â) and the criminalisation of the act itself.
3570:
2689:"COUNTRY PROFILE: UNITED ARAB EMIRATES (UAE)"
2413:
2365:"When Transaction Laundering Finances Terror"
1943:
1921:
1658:(INLA) were proscribed under these measures.
1036:
896:
136:The examples and perspective in this article
3551:- For negative news and sanctions screening.
3156:
2958:
2091:
1573:and lending policies with key provisions of
1498:Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions
929:Most countries have implemented measures to
3137:
2834:"Germany bans group accused of Hamas links"
2438:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1514:Internationale Humanitäre Hilfsorganisation
1389:pointing to its intelligence incompetence.
1328:As at 24 October 2019, Pakistan was on the
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3577:
3563:
3389:Money Laundering - Controls and Prevention
3385:
3353:"Hamas Military Wing Crowdfunding Bitcoin"
2927:
1759:Evasive actions of terrorist organisations
1469:section 103.2 (financing a terrorist), and
1298:
903:
889:
3406:
3319:
3270:
2948:"FDD | Hezbollah on Trial in Europe"
2303:
2270:
2251:
2153:
2005:
1743:to do or to abstain from doing any act."
1647:Offences against the State Acts 1939â1998
192:Learn how and when to remove this message
174:Learn how and when to remove this message
3419:
3108:
3106:
3104:
2831:
2804:Australasian Legal Information Institute
2770:Australasian Legal Information Institute
2337:
2168:
1764:Al-Qassam Brigades appealing for Bitcoin
1549:Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002
358:Special-interest / Single-issue
90:: vague phrasing that often accompanies
3544:The Financial Action Task Force website
3040:
3038:
3036:
3034:
2318:
1450:anti terrorism financing laws include:
1400:
1267:Issuing cheques, money orders or other
1063:Many initiatives have stemmed from the
14:
4051:
3882:Charities accused of ties to terrorism
3133:
3131:
3129:
3085:
3083:
3081:
2928:Initiative, Janus (January 30, 2019).
2869:
2867:
2810:from the original on December 23, 2017
2510:
2135:
1768:In January 2019, the military wing of
1640:
1565:and has campaigned for linking of the
1553:Anti-money laundering actions by India
1535:In 2018, an investigation by the U.S.
1478:Charter of the United Nations Act 1945
1316:Pakistan and state-sponsored terrorism
1205:
971:Pakistan and state-sponsored terrorism
706:Charities accused of ties to terrorism
3558:
3101:
2216:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
1955:, Business recorder, 23 October 2019.
1940:, Business recorder, 22 October 2019.
1195:AML and CTF both carry the notion of
3328:, European Commission, 24 July 2019.
3238:Nicholas Sambanis and Paul Collier.
3031:
2776:from the original on October 5, 2017
2285:
2048:
1170:Said and Cherif Kouachi, before the
1069:Financial Crimes Enforcement Network
122:
70:
29:
3350:
3126:
3078:
2864:
2796:"Charter of the United Nations Act"
2171:Studies in Conflict & Terrorism
2103:Journal of Money Laundering Control
1875:
1466:section 103.1 (financing terrorism)
1374:and other terrorist organizations.
1191:Preventing the funding of terrorism
1139:
24:
3923:Victims of Acts of Terror Memorial
3887:Designated terrorist organizations
3434:
3157:Paddy Clancy (December 31, 2021).
2205:Evil Twins: The Crime-Terror Nexus
2035:
1104:Methods used for terrorism funding
1058:Terrorist Finance Tracking Program
25:
4075:
3503:UK SOCA (merges NCIS (the UK FIU)
3484:
3209:Andrew Mumford (August 6, 2012).
2542:, Fair Observer, 21 October 2019.
2511:Haidar, Suhasini (25 June 2021).
2321:China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly
1918:, FATF, accessed 24 October 2019.
1715:
1703:
1652:Provisional Irish Republican Army
1612:
45:This article has multiple issues.
3633:
3420:Robinson, Jeffery (2006-02-14).
1746:The UN Security Council adopted
1437:Office of Foreign Assets Control
127:
75:
34:
3407:El-Sheikh, Sharm (2005-10-20).
3344:
3331:
3297:
3273:Understanding Terrorist Finance
3264:
3231:
3202:
3184:
3165:
3150:
3014:
2990:
2970:
2940:
2921:
2902:
2885:
2788:
2754:
2738:. 11 March 2024. Archived from
2728:
2706:
2681:
2664:
2642:
2616:
2591:
2570:
2545:
2504:
2478:
2446:
2407:
2382:
2357:
2331:
2312:
2279:
2264:
2245:
2210:
2197:
2162:
2129:
1537:Drug Enforcement Administration
1362:
1075:United Nations Security Council
53:or discuss these issues on the
2338:Wheatley, Joseph (June 2005).
2077:
2051:British Journal of Criminology
1990:
1976:
1958:
1869:
1728:Terrorist Financing Convention
1656:Irish National Liberation Army
1496:, State police forces and the
13:
1:
3584:
2652:. Huffpost. 14 September 2017
2142:Journal of Strategic Security
1931:Clear warning: FATF statement
1862:
1811:Finances of the Islamic State
1377:In a leaked classified memo,
933:(CTF) often as part of their
3138:John Manley (6 April 2019).
1670:and $ 3.6 million raised by
1442:
1411:attacks on 11 September 2001
1312:The Establishment (Pakistan)
7:
3271:T. Wittig (July 26, 2011).
2967:, News 18, 19 October 2019.
2893:"Janus Initiative Research"
2455:Money Laundering Prevention
2231:10.1080/1744057042000297025
2207:. Forensic Examiner, 16-29.
2136:Clarke, Colin (Fall 2016).
1783:
1722:UNRWA October 7 controversy
1699:Supranational organizations
1561:India has been a victim of
1303:
1090:State Sponsors of Terrorism
931:counter terrorism financing
701:Designated terrorist groups
150:, discuss the issue on the
10:
4080:
3615:Anti-terrorism legislation
3505:- the UK Threat Assessment
2273:Jane's Intelligence Review
2155:10.5038/1944-0472.9.3.1536
1741:international organization
1719:
1650:Troubles (1969â1998), the
1571:macroprudential regulation
1546:
1503:
1336:
1309:
1293:Politically exposed person
1289:state sponsor of terrorism
1143:
1037:After September 11 attacks
1031:
870:Anti-terrorism legislation
203:
102:Such statements should be
3931:
3905:
3897:Islamic terrorist attacks
3874:
3848:
3812:
3804:State-sponsored terrorism
3791:
3751:Environmental destruction
3720:
3642:
3631:
3610:International conventions
3592:
3045:Laura K. Donohue (2006).
2463:10.1002/9781119200604.ch7
2183:10.1080/10576101003587184
2115:10.1108/13685201211194727
1494:Australian Federal Police
1054:great deal of controversy
1022:money services businesses
865:International conventions
772:State-sponsored terrorism
1801:Cryptocurrency and crime
1726:Article 2.1 of the 1999
1596:
1542:
1347:
728:Violent non-state actors
3820:Clandestine cell system
3538:The Terror Finance Blog
3315:(subscription required)
3097:(Report). 26 June 2002.
2832:Agencies, News (2010).
1557:Enforcement Directorate
1299:Nation specific actions
1110:terrorist organisations
939:terrorist organisations
470:Clandestine cell system
3766:Propaganda of the deed
3499:- Periodic SAR Reviews
3497:US FinCEN (the US FIU)
3381:9/11 Commission Report
3066:Cite journal requires
3002:paymentscompliance.com
2254:Harvard Asia Quarterly
2023:Cite journal requires
1897:Cite journal requires
1851:Terrorism in Australia
1601:In February 2019, the
1455:Criminal Code Act 1995
1430:9/11 Commission Report
1188:
1172:Charlie Hebdo shooting
947:Blacklist and Greylist
638:Propaganda of the deed
3906:Memorials and museums
3509:Compliance Web Search
1953:The FATF tribulations
1583:secrecy jurisdictions
1579:anti-money laundering
1269:financial instruments
1211:Operation Green Quest
1184:
854:Response to terrorism
475:Leaderless resistance
4064:Funding of terrorism
3918:Topography of Terror
3605:History of terrorism
3392:. ISI Publications.
3279:. pp. 154â155.
3215:Taylor & Francis
2954:. November 19, 2018.
2453:"Terror Financing",
2292:Asian Social Science
1407:United Arab Emirates
1401:United Arab Emirates
1050:September 11 attacks
293:Right-wing/Far-right
156:create a new article
148:improve this article
138:may not represent a
104:clarified or removed
3386:Rohan Bedi (2004).
3363:on February 6, 2019
3198:. 28 December 2021.
2762:"Criminal Code Act"
2557:The Washington Post
2305:10.5539/ass.v6n6p11
2286:Wang, Peng (2010).
1641:Republic of Ireland
1394:European Commission
1206:Suspicious activity
1048:, passed after the
1007:Trinidad and Tobago
916:Terrorism financing
875:Terrorism insurance
676:Rockets and mortars
416:Resistance movement
18:Terrorist financing
3736:Aircraft hijacking
3531:2008-06-12 at the
3277:Palgrave Macmillan
2914:2019-10-06 at the
2856:has generic name (
2800:www.austlii.edu.au
2766:www.austlii.edu.au
2677:. 9/11 Commission.
2492:. 17 February 2021
2087:. 5 February 2022.
2063:10.1093/bjc/azq025
2007:10.22617/tim168550
1936:2019-10-24 at the
1856:White-collar crime
1774:al-Qassam Brigades
1677:protection rackets
1629:paramilitaries in
1522:Thomas de Maiziere
1397:terrorist groups.
1197:Know Your Customer
521:Aircraft hijacking
278:Left-wing/Far-left
4059:Commercial crimes
4046:
4045:
3792:State involvement
3620:Counter-terrorism
3469:Harvey W. Kushner
3467:Martin, Gus, and
3456:Ehrenfeld, Rachel
3399:978-962-7762-87-4
2369:Finextra Research
1846:The Establishment
1428:According to the
1248:Lack of apparent
1176:counterfeit goods
1082:counter-terrorism
913:
912:
860:Counter-terrorism
845:
844:
603:Individual terror
424:
423:
401:Violent extremism
202:
201:
194:
184:
183:
176:
158:, as appropriate.
121:
120:
68:
16:(Redirected from
4071:
3637:
3579:
3572:
3565:
3556:
3555:
3429:
3416:
3403:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3368:
3359:. Archived from
3348:
3342:
3335:
3329:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3313:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3286:9-7802-3031-6935
3268:
3262:
3261:
3253:9-7808-2136-0507
3235:
3229:
3228:
3224:9-7811-3664-9387
3206:
3200:
3199:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3161:. Irish Central.
3154:
3148:
3147:
3135:
3124:
3123:
3110:
3099:
3098:
3087:
3076:
3075:
3069:
3064:
3062:
3054:
3042:
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3026:
3018:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3008:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2974:
2968:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2934:Janus Initiative
2925:
2919:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2871:
2862:
2861:
2855:
2851:
2849:
2841:
2829:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2742:on 13 March 2024
2732:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2716:. United Nations
2710:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2693:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2574:
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2567:
2565:
2563:
2549:
2543:
2537:
2528:
2527:
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2523:
2508:
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2499:
2497:
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2476:
2475:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2437:
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2426:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2386:
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2355:
2354:
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2329:
2328:
2316:
2310:
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2249:
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2214:
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2166:
2160:
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2157:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2098:
2089:
2088:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2046:
2033:
2032:
2026:
2021:
2019:
2011:
2009:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1962:
1956:
1950:
1941:
1928:
1919:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1900:
1895:
1893:
1885:
1873:
1831:Money laundering
1693:money laundering
1631:Northern Ireland
1603:Spanish Treasury
1281:foreign exchange
1146:Money laundering
1140:Money laundering
935:money laundering
924:non-state actors
905:
898:
891:
722:
721:
695:Terrorist groups
677:
411:Militia movement
378:Green/Ecological
283:Narcotics-driven
261:
260:
210:
209:
197:
190:
179:
172:
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131:
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116:
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107:
79:
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71:
60:
38:
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30:
21:
4079:
4078:
4074:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4068:
4049:
4048:
4047:
4042:
3927:
3913:House of Terror
3901:
3870:
3861:Reign of Terror
3844:
3808:
3799:State terrorism
3787:
3716:
3670:Ethnic violence
3638:
3629:
3588:
3583:
3549:World-Check.com
3533:Wayback Machine
3487:
3437:
3435:Further reading
3432:
3400:
3376:
3375:
3366:
3364:
3351:Fanusie, Yaya.
3349:
3345:
3337:United Nations
3336:
3332:
3324:
3320:
3314:
3310:The Irish Times
3302:
3298:
3287:
3269:
3265:
3254:
3246:. p. 171.
3236:
3232:
3225:
3217:. p. 119.
3207:
3203:
3196:Middle East Eye
3190:
3189:
3185:
3170:
3166:
3155:
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3136:
3127:
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3089:
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3079:
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2996:
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2982:
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2959:
2946:
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2926:
2922:
2916:Wayback Machine
2907:
2903:
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1963:
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1938:Wayback Machine
1929:
1922:
1914:
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1887:
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1836:Organized crime
1816:Financial crime
1786:
1772:, known as the
1766:
1761:
1748:Resolution 1373
1724:
1718:
1706:
1701:
1668:Muammar Gaddafi
1654:(PIRA) and the
1643:
1617:In the UK, the
1615:
1599:
1559:
1545:
1506:
1445:
1417:carried out by
1403:
1387:Lashkar-e-Taiba
1379:Hillary Clinton
1365:
1350:
1339:
1326:
1306:
1301:
1277:organized crime
1208:
1193:
1156:organised crime
1148:
1142:
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1078:Resolution 1373
1065:USA PATRIOT Act
1039:
1034:
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855:
847:
846:
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737:State terrorism
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682:Vehicle-ramming
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3776:Suicide attack
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3731:Agro-terrorism
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3687:Narcoterrorism
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3485:External links
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3447:
3444:
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3404:
3398:
3383:
3377:
3374:
3373:
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3330:
3318:
3296:
3285:
3263:
3252:
3230:
3223:
3201:
3183:
3164:
3149:
3144:The Irish News
3125:
3122:, 5 April 2019
3100:
3077:
3068:|journal=
3030:
3013:
2989:
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2569:
2544:
2529:
2503:
2477:
2471:
2445:
2406:
2381:
2356:
2330:
2311:
2278:
2263:
2244:
2225:(1): 129ďź145.
2209:
2196:
2177:(4): 353â363.
2161:
2128:
2090:
2076:
2057:(4): 650â669.
2034:
2025:|journal=
2000:. 2017-03-01.
1989:
1975:
1957:
1942:
1920:
1908:
1899:|journal=
1867:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1841:Stephen Flatow
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1791:Alms for Jihad
1787:
1785:
1782:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1737:armed conflict
1717:
1716:United Nations
1714:
1709:European Union
1705:
1704:European Union
1702:
1700:
1697:
1681:bank robberies
1642:
1639:
1614:
1613:United Kingdom
1611:
1598:
1595:
1544:
1541:
1508:In July 2010,
1505:
1502:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1475:
1474:
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1470:
1467:
1464:
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1399:
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1349:
1346:
1338:
1335:
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1302:
1300:
1297:
1285:police records
1273:
1272:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1246:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1223:wire transfers
1207:
1204:
1192:
1189:
1144:Main article:
1141:
1138:
1105:
1102:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
951:FATF blacklist
911:
910:
908:
907:
900:
893:
885:
882:
881:
878:
877:
872:
867:
862:
856:
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694:
693:
690:
689:
685:
684:
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672:
665:Suicide attack
662:
657:
656:
655:
650:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
598:Hostage-taking
595:
590:
585:
583:Cyberterrorism
580:
575:
574:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
543:
533:
528:
518:
516:Agro-terrorism
512:
511:
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506:
503:
499:
497:
496:
493:
492:
488:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
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457:
450:Radicalization
447:
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436:
435:
432:
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421:
419:
418:
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403:
397:
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392:Related topics
389:
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364:
361:
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354:
353:
351:
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345:
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337:Salafi-Wahhabi
330:
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315:
309:
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299:
298:
296:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
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264:
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246:
245:
240:
235:
229:
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204:Main article:
200:
199:
182:
181:
142:of the subject
140:worldwide view
135:
133:
126:
119:
118:
83:
81:
74:
69:
43:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4076:
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4057:
4056:
4054:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4024:
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4022:
4021:United States
4019:
4017:
4014:
4010:
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3994:
3992:
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3859:
3857:
3854:
3853:
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3840:Training camp
3838:
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3661:
3658:
3656:
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3648:
3647:
3645:
3641:
3636:
3626:
3625:War on Terror
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3593:Main articles
3591:
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3439:
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3427:
3423:
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3414:
3413:The Economist
3410:
3405:
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3395:
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3379:
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3187:
3179:
3175:
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3141:
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3132:
3130:
3121:
3117:
3116:
3109:
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3105:
3096:
3095:UK Parliament
3092:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3073:
3060:
3052:
3048:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3023:
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2949:
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2935:
2931:
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2910:
2905:
2894:
2888:
2881:. 2010-07-12.
2880:
2876:
2870:
2868:
2859:
2854:|first1=
2847:
2839:
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2826:
2809:
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2481:
2474:
2472:9781119200604
2468:
2464:
2460:
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2449:
2441:
2435:
2421:
2417:
2410:
2395:
2394:EverCompliant
2391:
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2370:
2366:
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2353:(2): 347â378.
2352:
2348:
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2080:
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2060:
2056:
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2043:
2041:
2039:
2030:
2017:
2008:
2003:
1999:
1993:
1986:. 2016-12-06.
1985:
1979:
1971:
1967:
1961:
1954:
1949:
1947:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1927:
1925:
1917:
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1857:
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1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
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1669:
1664:
1659:
1657:
1653:
1648:
1638:
1637:(1969â1998).
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1594:
1592:
1588:
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1564:
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1523:
1519:
1515:
1512:outlawed the
1511:
1501:
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1482:
1481:
1479:
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1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
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1431:
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1416:
1415:United States
1412:
1408:
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1395:
1392:In 2019, the
1390:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1373:
1368:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1345:
1343:
1334:
1331:
1330:FATF greylist
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1270:
1266:
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1260:
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1200:
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1183:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1166:
1163:through MSBs/
1160:
1157:
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1147:
1137:
1135:
1129:
1127:
1121:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1101:
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1083:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1043:United States
1029:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
963:FATF greylist
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
927:
925:
921:
917:
906:
901:
899:
894:
892:
887:
886:
884:
883:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
857:
851:
850:
838:
835:
833:
832:United States
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
817:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
779:
777:
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773:
770:
769:
763:
760:
758:
757:United States
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
744:
742:
741:
738:
735:
734:
729:
726:
725:
724:
723:
715:
714:
707:
704:
702:
699:
698:
692:
691:
683:
680:
678:
673:
670:
666:
663:
661:
658:
654:
651:
649:
646:
645:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
593:Environmental
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
551:
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544:
542:
539:
538:
537:
534:
532:
529:
526:
522:
519:
517:
514:
513:
509:
504:
501:
500:
495:
494:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
460:Training camp
458:
455:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
437:
430:
429:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
398:
396:
395:
391:
390:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
373:Anti-abortion
371:
369:
366:
365:
363:
362:
359:
356:
355:
349:
346:
344:
341:
338:
334:
331:
329:
326:
323:
319:
316:
314:
311:
310:
308:
307:
304:
301:
300:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
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276:
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262:
257:
251:
250:
244:
241:
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236:
234:
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230:
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227:
224:
221:
220:
216:
212:
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207:
196:
193:
178:
175:
167:
157:
153:
149:
143:
141:
134:
125:
124:
115:
105:
99:
97:
93:
89:
84:This article
82:
73:
72:
67:
65:
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
4009:Soviet Union
3866:White Terror
3813:Organisation
3741:Bioterrorism
3426:Times Online
3425:
3412:
3388:
3365:. Retrieved
3361:the original
3356:
3346:
3333:
3321:
3299:
3290:
3272:
3266:
3257:
3239:
3233:
3210:
3204:
3186:
3167:
3152:
3114:
3094:
3059:cite journal
3050:
3016:
3005:. Retrieved
3001:
2992:
2981:. Retrieved
2972:
2960:
2951:
2942:
2933:
2923:
2904:
2887:
2878:
2837:
2812:. Retrieved
2799:
2790:
2778:. Retrieved
2765:
2756:
2744:. Retrieved
2740:the original
2730:
2720:15 September
2718:. Retrieved
2708:
2696:. Retrieved
2683:
2666:
2656:14 September
2654:. Retrieved
2644:
2632:. Retrieved
2630:. 2019-02-13
2627:
2618:
2606:. Retrieved
2602:
2593:
2583:24 September
2581:. Retrieved
2572:
2560:. Retrieved
2556:
2547:
2520:. Retrieved
2516:
2506:
2494:. Retrieved
2489:
2480:
2454:
2448:
2423:. Retrieved
2419:
2409:
2398:. Retrieved
2396:. 2017-01-23
2393:
2384:
2373:. Retrieved
2371:. 2017-01-17
2368:
2359:
2350:
2346:
2333:
2324:
2320:
2314:
2298:(6): 11â20.
2295:
2291:
2281:
2272:
2266:
2257:
2253:
2247:
2222:
2219:Global Crime
2218:
2212:
2199:
2174:
2170:
2164:
2145:
2141:
2131:
2109:(1): 38â57.
2106:
2102:
2079:
2054:
2050:
2016:cite journal
1992:
1978:
1969:
1960:
1911:
1890:cite journal
1871:
1821:Funding Evil
1767:
1753:
1745:
1725:
1707:
1685:black taxies
1660:
1644:
1635:the Troubles
1616:
1600:
1560:
1534:
1530:
1507:
1491:
1477:
1454:
1446:
1434:
1427:
1413:against the
1404:
1391:
1376:
1369:
1366:
1363:Saudi Arabia
1351:
1340:
1327:
1307:
1274:
1250:fund raising
1209:
1201:
1194:
1185:
1169:
1161:
1153:
1149:
1130:
1122:
1118:
1107:
1094:
1086:
1073:
1067:such as the
1062:
1040:
1019:
961:; while the
930:
928:
915:
914:
822:Saudi Arabia
816:Soviet Union
752:Soviet Union
578:Bioterrorism
541:Animal-borne
439:
188:
170:
161:
137:
109:
96:unverifiable
88:weasel words
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
3781:Palestinian
3746:Car bombing
3692:Nationalist
3675:Palestinian
3643:By ideology
3120:News Letter
2879:Haaretz.com
2634:13 February
2562:19 February
2420:Money Jihad
2327:(1): 37â67.
2148:(3): 1â15.
1587:cyber-risks
1046:Patriot Act
955:North Korea
465:Death squad
368:Suffragette
288:Nationalist
233:Definitions
98:information
4053:Categories
4032:Venezuela
3932:By country
3856:Red Terror
3849:Historical
3771:Proxy bomb
3721:Types and
3665:Right-wing
3600:Definition
3367:2019-02-12
3341:, art. 2.1
3244:World Bank
3007:2019-02-08
2983:2019-02-08
2608:5 February
2425:2019-02-07
2400:2019-02-07
2375:2019-02-07
2260:(3): 1ďź24.
1863:References
1720:See also:
1623:Republican
1591:tax havens
1547:See also:
1448:Australian
1425:networks.
1310:See also:
1243:tax havens
920:terrorists
762:Uzbekistan
747:Kazakhstan
613:Kidnapping
608:Insurgency
556:Improvised
383:Misogynist
112:March 2009
50:improve it
4036:Sponsored
4026:Sponsored
4016:Sri Lanka
3997:Sponsored
3989:Palestine
3982:Sponsored
3978:Pakistan
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3962:Sponsored
3952:Sponsored
3942:Sponsored
3892:Incidents
3835:Lone wolf
3825:Financing
3701:Christian
3697:Religious
3660:Left-wing
3650:Communist
3586:Terrorism
2846:cite news
2522:22 August
2517:The Hindu
2496:22 August
2490:The Hindu
2191:1057-610X
2123:1368-5201
2071:0007-0955
1563:terrorism
1526:Donations
1443:Australia
1134:Al- Qaeda
837:Venezuela
718:Adherents
618:Lone wolf
531:Beheading
480:Lone wolf
440:Financing
433:Structure
318:Christian
303:Religious
273:Communist
268:Anarchist
243:Incidents
223:Terrorism
206:Terrorism
164:June 2010
152:talk page
86:contains
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3529:Archived
2912:Archived
2814:26 April
2808:Archived
2806:. 1945.
2780:26 April
2774:Archived
2772:. 1995.
2746:18 March
2603:BBC News
2434:cite web
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1934:Archived
1784:See also
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1627:Loyalist
1419:al-Qaeda
1372:al-Qaeda
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1015:Zimbabwe
995:Mongolia
983:Cambodia
979:Botswana
967:Pakistan
802:Pakistan
660:Stabbing
643:Shooting
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256:ideology
215:a series
213:Part of
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3948:Israel
3756:Nuclear
3723:tactics
3706:Islamic
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3680:Zionist
2698:10 July
1882:2765010
1778:Bitcoin
1607:SEPBLAC
1524:said, "
1510:Germany
1504:Germany
1480:(Cth):
1457:(Cth):
1383:Taliban
1342:Bahrain
1337:Bahrain
1219:cheques
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1032:History
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991:Iceland
975:Bahamas
667: (
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588:Dry run
548: (
536:Bombing
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3968:Libya
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561:Letter
454:online
343:Jewish
322:Mormon
92:biased
3938:Iran
3875:Lists
3830:Front
3655:Green
3259:year.
3025:(PDF)
2896:(PDF)
2692:(PDF)
2675:(PDF)
2343:(PDF)
2235:S2CID
1770:Hamas
1689:fraud
1597:Spain
1543:India
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3219:ISBN
3072:help
2858:help
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2748:2024
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2658:2017
2636:2019
2610:2010
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