55:
315:
369:
297:
261:
936:
279:
849:
333:
2974:
197:
134:
73:
176:
112:
91:
155:
218:
927:
dominant position in SE Asia - so that tycoons and successful businesspeople can be found from all dialect groups, the
Teochew, in particular, have acquired a special reputation for their commercial acumen and derring-do, and often have the highest socioeconomic status amongst the Chinese diaspora, especially in Thailand. Their role as rice merchants enabled them to later develop the capital needed to become the nations' bankers.
240:
351:
1043:
2986:
825:(Hoklo) because they came mostly passed through Fujian during migration, with some well-maintained language and customs from ancient China. As was recorded in pedigrees and ancient inscriptions, one of the two groups of those who temporarily migrated to the capital city of Fujian later moved to parts of
1835:
868:
From the 19th century, significant numbers of
Teochew people left their homeland for Singapore and a new life. Early Teochew settlers could trace their origins to eight counties/prefectures: Chao'an, Chenghai, Chaoyang, Jieyang, Raoping, Puning, Huilai and Nan'ao. In addition to these new immigrants
926:
Like the rest of the
Chinese diaspora, the Teochew have been known for their ability to thrive in adverse settings and harsh conditions, and to tolerate very low margins in the initial phase of a business. While the Chinese diaspora as a whole is known for its relative success and economically
998:) is a traditional art form, which has a history of more than 500 years and is now enjoyed by 20 million Teochew people in over 20 countries and regions. Based on local folk dances and ballads, Teochew opera has formed its own style under the influence of
884:
Today, Teochew language is the second-most spoken
Sinitic language in Singapore. They are the second-largest race / Ethnic group in Singapore, comprising 21% of the sinitic population. As a result, they play a significant role in commerce and politics.
651:, including in Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Cambodia, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The community can also be found in diasporas around the world, including the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and France.
947:, known in ancient times as Teochew Prefecture, has developed and cultivated a prestigious culture, which manifests its unique characteristics in language, opera, traditional dress, cuisine, tea practice, music, and embroidery.
1732:
1024:
instrument, gong, drum, and traditional
Chinese flute are typically involved in ensembles. The current Chaozhou drum music is said to be similar to the Drum and Wind Music form of the Han and Tang dynasties.
1006:. The old form of choral accompaniment still preserves its distinctive features. Clowns and females are the most distinctive characters in Teochew opera, and fan play and acrobatic skills are prominent.
758:
are broadly used by most of the southern
Sinitic people living outside of China, referring to their maintaining a substantial cultural identity they consider to be Sinitic people. The identification of
1549:
1063:) is a form of Chinese folk dance which started in the Qing dynasty. With a history of more than 300 years, it is regarded as one of the most representative forms folk arts in Teochew culture.
2505:
970:; Teochew pronunciation: Diê5 ziu1 uê7) is a series of dialect varieties spoken across the geographical area which was formerly administered by Teochew Prefecture (or Chaozhou Fu,
978:
period of the Ming dynasty (1369) to the end of the Qing dynasty. It is spoken by roughly 10 million people in
Chaoshan and more than five million outside the Chinese mainland.
2051:
2032:
3122:
1148:, Deputy Prime Minister of Thailand, Minister of Office of the Prime Minister, Minister of Science and Technology, Minister of Public Health, Minister of Industry.
1803:"'I feel a sense of solidarity when speaking Teochew': unpacking family language planning and sustainable development of Teochew from a multilingual perspective"
1615:"mtDNA evidence: Genetic background associated with related populations at high risk for esophageal cancer between Chaoshan and Taihang Mountain areas in China"
1178:, Senior Minister of Singapore, Coordinating Minister for National Security, Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore, Minister for Education, Minister for Defence.
2605:
2595:
2393:
2282:
1679:
Kingsley Bolton, Christopher Hutton, Triad societies: western accounts of the history, sociology and linguistics of
Chinese secret societies, p. 93.
836:
The
Teochew people are mistakenly known to the Cantonese as "Hoklo", literally meaning "men of Fujian", although the term "Teochew" was used in the
840:
in the 19th century and early 20th century. "Teochew" is derived from
Teochew prefecture (Chaozhou Fu) the departmental city where they originate.
2129:
1247:
1009:
2653:
1066:
Although few movies or television dramas have been made about the Teochew people, one such notable drama is the Singaporean 1995 drama series
3047:
1366:, one of the top ten richest men in the world, with an estimated net worth of US$ 55.3 billion. He is the founder, chairman, and CEO of
1311:
1039:) is a form of Chinese woodcarving originating from Chaoshan. Teochew people used a great deal of Teochew wood carving in their buildings.
3088:
2482:
2381:
1525:
3024:
3312:
3106:
1598:
1508:
1695:
1216:
2013:
1954:
2122:
1347:
1902:
2398:
2369:
2287:
1997:
894:
763:" could perhaps be due to their early affiliation with the Tang dynasty. The Teochew people are those who speak the
3118:
2661:
2542:
1130:, President of the National Assembly, Speaker of the House of Representatives, Deputy Prime Minister of Thailand.
3228:
2666:
2475:
2115:
2077:
963:
3078:
1935:
955:
1716:
1172:, Minister in the Prime Minister's Office, Minister for Manpower, Minister for the Environment of Singapore.
3160:
2550:
435:
3317:
3084:
3052:
2174:
3272:
3017:
2990:
2298:
584:
647:. Today, most ethnic Teochew people live throughout Chaoshan and Hong Kong, and also outside China in
3322:
3175:
2468:
1788:
Chinese Business Interests in SE Asia: contesting cultural explanations, researching entrepreneurship
1576:
1544:
1373:
1289:
166:
1867:
3257:
3214:
2846:
2072:
Gia Lim Tan, "Origins," An Introduction to the Culture and History of the Teochews in Singapore,"
1459:
1340:, billionaire businesswoman and real estate developer in Vietnam, convicted for corruption in 2024.
767:
and identify with Teochew culture, cuisine, and customs. The Swatow people are those who speak the
3287:
3195:
2776:
3267:
3252:
3207:
1353:
1337:
1091:
821:
as refugees possibly from central China due to various reasons. The Teochew were often called
639:
in mainland China due to a change in place names) is an ethnic group native to the historical
3282:
3247:
3062:
3010:
2816:
2791:
2527:
2141:
1987:
1854:
1321:
999:
423:
380:
1286:, billionaire businessman, founded Wuthelam Holdings, which manufactures paint and coatings.
3262:
3188:
3181:
3167:
2806:
2736:
2721:
2694:
2532:
2240:
1297:
1237:
1220:
1136:, Deputy Prime Minister of Thailand, Minister of Tourism and Sports, Minister of Education.
1108:
971:
8:
2912:
2841:
2831:
2811:
2741:
2303:
1330:, CEO of Lifestyle International Holdings which operates Hong Kong's largest department,
1187:
1139:
1133:
1114:
1028:
837:
208:
145:
2033:"Actor Chen Shucheng Opens Teochew Restaurant Serving "Hard-To-Find Traditional Dishes""
3221:
3057:
2978:
2761:
2600:
2514:
2386:
1206:
1068:
908:
123:
567:
3277:
2917:
2887:
2704:
2627:
2590:
2582:
2563:
2342:
2265:
2216:
2157:
2073:
1993:
1636:
1613:
Li, Xiao-Yun; Su, Min; Huang, Hai-Hua; Li, Hui; Tian, Dong-Ping; Gao, Yu-Xia (2007).
1594:
1476:
1261:
1253:
1078:
918:
A 1926 Japanese census found that 134,800 people in Taiwan were of Teochew ancestry.
904:
443:
187:
2786:
2751:
2689:
2315:
2199:
2152:
2081:
1814:
1626:
1586:
1582:
1558:
1301:
1151:
1127:
1056:
1032:
1021:
1013:
991:
951:
764:
672:
644:
632:
515:
492:
464:
409:
397:
1819:
1802:
1562:
2959:
2851:
2766:
2746:
2709:
2684:
2376:
2364:
2330:
2260:
2211:
2191:
1699:
1668:
1481:
1465:
1440:
1283:
1145:
981:
912:
768:
581:
401:
384:
251:
2335:
1690:
1631:
1614:
2756:
2731:
2643:
2447:
2434:
2347:
2308:
1964:
1590:
1416:
1331:
1307:
1243:
659:
Teochew can be romanized in a variety of schemes, and are known in Mandarin as
648:
460:
405:
60:
2184:
3306:
2954:
2892:
2866:
2714:
2676:
2633:
2522:
2359:
2272:
2250:
2245:
2228:
1907:
1392:
1386:
1277:
1196:, Senior Minister for Environment, Manpower, Trade and Industry of Singapore.
1181:
1175:
1163:
987:
667:. In referring to themselves as Sinitic people, Teochew people generally use
284:
935:
3128:
3111:
3101:
2907:
2871:
2856:
2836:
2821:
2417:
2412:
2255:
2204:
2179:
2167:
1640:
1529:
1471:
1357:
1257:
1193:
1169:
1052:
1046:
1003:
878:
848:
830:
754:
696:
557:
522:
468:
431:
102:
3033:
2699:
2612:
2405:
2320:
2162:
2138:
1920:
1410:
1273:
1233:
853:
724:
338:
266:
2107:
2927:
2826:
2617:
2424:
2325:
2223:
1578:
An Introduction to the Culture and History of the Teochews in Singapore
1446:
1434:
1363:
1327:
1317:
1267:
1212:
1157:
833:, genetically intermixing with the local people within Chaoshan there.
472:
439:
229:
1166:, Minister in the Prime Minister's Office, Minister without portfolio.
2944:
2897:
2801:
2501:
2491:
1398:
1343:
536:
412:(lingua franca) & other languages of their countries of residence
320:
202:
139:
78:
2949:
2902:
2726:
2622:
2558:
2460:
2442:
2233:
2102:
1545:"Engaging with a Genre in Decline: Teochew Opera in Western Sydney"
1428:
1422:
944:
874:
861:
826:
818:
786:
778:
731:
640:
543:
181:
117:
96:
2085:
1002:. Nanxi is one of the oldest Chinese operas and originated in the
2937:
2932:
2796:
2771:
2576:
2354:
1486:
1404:
1367:
1293:
1073:
900:
870:
782:
774:
564:
223:
160:
1042:
984:
is known for its distinctive sauces, seafood dishes, and stews.
2922:
2429:
2052:"Tan Kheng Hua talks parenting and being parented in Singapore"
975:
680:
427:
374:
356:
302:
3002:
2103:
Singapore Teochew Federation for Businesses & Associations
1760:
Investigation of the regions of origin of Han people in Taiwan
3096:
2781:
2570:
2014:"Singapore's newest billionaire made his wealth from nothing"
899:
Most of the Teochew descendants in Taiwan have already been "
857:
822:
589:
572:
447:
1190:, Minister of Natural Resources and Environment of Thailand.
2097:
1881:
1753:
907:
language instead of Teochew, but some Teochew are still in
245:
1774:
Alternate Identities: The Chinese of Contemporary Thailand
1762:]. Taihoku-shi (Taipei): Taiwan Sotoku Kanbo Chosaka.
817:
The ancestors of the Teochew people moved to present-day
548:
771:
and identify with Swatow culture, cuisine, and customs.
1020:) is popular in Chaoshan's teahouse scene. The Teochew
943:
Throughout a history of over 1000 years, the region of
1160:, Minister of Business, Minister of Seniors of Canada.
1807:
Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development
527:
748:) to indicate Sinitic heritage in a cultural sense.
1227:
843:
1526:"Map of China showing location of Chaoshan region"
361:Most Chinese from France are of Teochew background
2066:
1142:, Minister of Science and Technology of Thailand.
3304:
1936:"Close bond with China inherited from ancestors"
1462:: Teochew religious charitable group in Thailand
3018:
2476:
2123:
1312:Bangkok Broadcasting & Television Company
881:also began settling in Singapore after 1819.
497:
1836:"Chinese Music in the Diaspora: The Case of
1710:
1708:
789:people also commonly refer to each other as
1612:
804:
718:
690:
3025:
3011:
2483:
2469:
2130:
2116:
2098:Gaginang, a teochew nonprofit organization
1747:
2137:
1818:
1800:
1705:
1630:
1184:, Speaker of the Parliament of Singapore.
1085:
1550:The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology
1270:, founder and chairman of Shui On Group.
1111:, Prime Minister of Thailand; 1988–1991.
1041:
934:
847:
1468:: Teochew charitable group in Singapore
1117:, Prime Minister of Thailand; 1995–1996
3305:
1654:蔡, 金河 (2007), "由民俗活动看潮汕文化对中华传统文化的传承",
1574:
3006:
2464:
2111:
1953:Mi, Tingting (米婷婷) (9 October 2015).
1714:
1504:
1502:
1380:
2985:
2490:
1985:
1754:Taiwan Sotoku Kanbo Chosaka (1928).
1542:
1509:10 Things You Must Know As A Teochew
1296:, and the chairman of conglomerates
1082:, which focused on Teochew cuisine.
888:
643:region in south China who speak the
47:Regions with significant populations
2049:
2030:
1933:
1874:
1833:
1673:
1348:Hong Kong Trade Development Council
1121:
1090:For a more comprehensive list, see
165:One of the three largest groups of
144:One of the three largest groups of
13:
2050:Bui, Natalie (21 September 2018).
1952:
1895:
1688:Teochew Poit Ip Huay Kuan (2010).
1499:
1346:, billionaire and chairman of the
14:
3334:
2091:
1801:Huang, Yating; Fang, Fan (2021).
1653:
1606:
1568:
1536:
903:" ("hoklonized"). They speak the
895:潮州裔臺灣人 (on the Chinese Knowledge)
591:diê5 ziu1 nang5 / dio5 ziu1 nang5
2984:
2973:
2972:
1431:, actor and model from Thailand.
1320:, founder, chairman, and CEO of
1228:Businesspeople and entrepreneurs
1209:, member of Thailand parliament.
1076:released the documentary series
844:Teochew immigration to Singapore
367:
349:
331:
313:
295:
277:
259:
238:
216:
195:
174:
153:
132:
110:
89:
71:
53:
3032:
2043:
2024:
2006:
1979:
1946:
1927:
1827:
1794:
1780:
1766:
1725:
1443:, actress, director and writer.
1376:, CEO and president of ThaiBev.
590:
573:
549:
2067:References and further reading
1911:. 31 December 1996. p. 25
1682:
1662:
1647:
1518:
1097:
967:
959:
829:instead in batches during the
799:
744:
739:
713:
708:
704:
685:
528:
498:
1:
1992:. Singapore: Resource Press.
1820:10.1080/01434632.2021.1974460
1563:10.1080/14442213.2021.1923794
250:One of the largest groups of
207:One of the largest groups of
186:One of the largest groups of
3313:Subgroups of the Han Chinese
2031:Yip, Jieying (1 June 2018).
1963:(in Chinese). Archived from
1733:"「消失」的族群？南臺灣屏東地區廣東福佬人的身分與認同"
1437:, rapper, singer, and model.
699:people'), as opposed to
7:
3143:By nationality or ethnicity
3063:Refugees and asylum seekers
1882:"英歌舞源自潮汕地區，是一種有三百多年歷史的民族舞蹈"
1632:10.1016/j.ygeno.2007.06.006
1453:
1407:, actress and former model.
921:
873:), Teochew immigrants from
809:'our own people').
707:; traditional Chinese:
10:
3339:
1776:. 2001. pp. 170, 176.
1591:10.1142/9789813239364_0001
1292:, billionaire, founder of
1102:
1089:
930:
892:
812:
3240:
3149:
3142:
3119:Shanghainese (and Ningbo)
3071:
3040:
2968:
2880:
2675:
2652:
2541:
2513:
2499:
2148:
1702:Retrieved 18 January 2010
1575:GL Tan (2018), "ORIGIN",
1374:Thapana Sirivadhanabhakdi
1290:Charoen Sirivadhanabhakdi
1200:
1060:
1036:
1017:
995:
869:from the port of Swatow (
794:
703:(simplified Chinese:
676:
601:
580:
563:
556:
542:
535:
521:
514:
509:
505:
491:
487:
482:
459:
454:
421:
416:
396:
391:
365:
347:
329:
311:
293:
275:
257:
236:
214:
193:
172:
151:
130:
108:
87:
69:
51:
46:
41:
36:
29:
3072:By Chinese dialect group
2847:The Legend of Five Goats
2080:World Scientific, 2018.
1960:
1955:
1492:
1460:Poh Teck Tung Foundation
654:
633:Modern Standard Mandarin
627:in romanized Teoswa and
228:Second largest group of
30:
3107:Fujianese/Hoklo/Hokkien
1834:Lau, Frederick (1998).
852:Teochew Association in
3048:Indigenous inhabitants
1986:Chew, Melanie (1996).
1862:Cite journal requires
1721:, Singapore Government
1354:Chartsiri Sophonpanich
1154:, Governor of Bangkok.
1092:List of Teochew people
1086:Notable Teochew people
1049:
940:
865:
730:Teochew people of the
424:Chinese folk religions
3083:Ethnic Cantonese and
2792:Cantonese nationalism
2636:and the Vereker Banks
1934:Wen, Zongduo (n.d.).
1322:Chinese Estates Group
1045:
938:
851:
455:Related ethnic groups
31:潮州人 / 潮汕人 / 汕頭人 / 揭阳人
3041:By migration history
2928:Cantonese fried rice
2908:Roasted suckling pig
2817:Cantonese lion dance
2807:Lingnan Confucianism
2737:Cantonese embroidery
2722:Lingnan architecture
2695:Varieties of Chinese
2020:. 23 September 2013.
1989:Leaders of Singapore
1238:Cheung Kong Holdings
1217:Member of Parliament
1109:Chatichai Choonhavan
734:would generally use
663:and in Cantonese as
146:Chinese Singaporeans
3097:Puntis (Aboriginal)
2842:Cantonese folktales
2832:Cantonese merchants
2742:Teochew woodcarving
2662:Guangzhou Education
2555:Metropolitan areas
1715:Conceicao, Jeanne,
1698:12 May 2010 at the
1401:, actor and singer.
1188:Varawut Silpa-archa
1140:Kalaya Sophonpanich
1134:Chumpol Silpa-archa
1115:Banharn Silpa-archa
1029:Teochew woodcarving
964:traditional Chinese
838:Straits Settlements
343:Minority population
325:Minority population
307:Minority population
289:Minority population
271:Minority population
209:Chinese Indonesians
83:Minority population
26:
3318:Chaoshanese people
3085:Sze Yap/Taishanese
2667:Shenzhen Education
1967:on 1 February 2022
1903:"Hakka vs Teochew"
1840:Music in Thailand"
1790:. 2001. p. 8.
1737:中央研究院臺灣史研究所臺灣史研究集刊
1381:Actors and singers
1207:Kraisak Choonhavan
1069:The Teochew Family
1050:
956:simplified Chinese
941:
866:
124:Chinese Cambodians
24:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3231:
3224:
3217:
3210:
3203:Southeast Asians
3198:
3191:
3184:
3170:
3163:
3092:
3000:
2999:
2918:Seafood birdsnest
2888:Cantonese cuisine
2837:Red cotton flower
2628:Nanling Mountains
2591:Pearl River Delta
2583:Leizhou Peninsula
2564:Pearl River Delta
2458:
2457:
2394:Teochew Taiwanese
2283:Teochew Taiwanese
1940:Chinadaily.com.cn
1718:Teochew Community
1600:978-981-323-935-7
1513:The Teochew Store
1477:Taishanese people
1389:, actor and host.
1262:Bangkok Insurance
1254:Chin Sophonpanich
1079:Flavorful Origins
909:Chaozhou township
905:Taiwanese Hokkien
889:Teochew in Taiwan
807:
721:
693:
605:
604:
597:
596:
516:Standard Mandarin
478:
477:
444:Mahayana Buddhism
436:ancestral worship
188:Malaysian Chinese
126:(200,000–800,000)
122:Largest group of
101:Largest group of
3330:
3323:Hong Kong people
3227:
3220:
3213:
3206:
3194:
3187:
3180:
3166:
3159:
3147:
3146:
3082:
3027:
3020:
3013:
3004:
3003:
2988:
2987:
2976:
2975:
2913:Bird's nest soup
2787:Cantonese poetry
2752:Canton porcelain
2690:Cantonese people
2485:
2478:
2471:
2462:
2461:
2402:
2390:
2373:
2291:
2132:
2125:
2118:
2109:
2108:
2060:
2059:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2010:
2004:
2003:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1918:
1916:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1865:
1860:
1858:
1850:
1849:. 동양음악: 109–125.
1844:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1770:
1764:
1763:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1712:
1703:
1691:潮州八邑会馆与義安公司的历史渊源
1686:
1680:
1677:
1671:
1666:
1660:
1659:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1634:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1583:World Scientific
1572:
1566:
1565:
1557:(2–3): 162–183,
1540:
1534:
1533:
1522:
1516:
1506:
1302:Fraser and Neave
1152:Bhichit Rattakul
1128:Bhichai Rattakul
1122:Cabinet ministry
1062:
1038:
1019:
997:
969:
961:
952:Teochew language
808:
805:
801:
796:
765:Teochew language
746:
741:
722:
719:
715:
710:
706:
694:
691:
687:
678:
645:Teochew language
593:
592:
576:
575:
552:
551:
531:
530:
507:
506:
501:
500:
480:
479:
465:Cantonese people
410:Standard Chinese
398:Teochew language
373:
371:
370:
355:
353:
352:
337:
335:
334:
319:
317:
316:
301:
299:
298:
283:
281:
280:
265:
263:
262:
244:
242:
241:
232:( 34% ~250,000 )
222:
220:
219:
201:
199:
198:
180:
178:
177:
159:
157:
156:
138:
136:
135:
116:
114:
113:
95:
93:
92:
77:
75:
74:
59:
57:
56:
37:Total population
27:
23:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3292:
3236:
3138:
3067:
3036:
3031:
3001:
2996:
2964:
2960:Teochew cuisine
2876:
2852:Villain hitting
2777:Guangdong music
2767:Cantonese opera
2747:Lingnan penjing
2685:Lingnan culture
2671:
2648:
2537:
2509:
2495:
2489:
2459:
2454:
2396:
2384:
2367:
2365:Hakka Taiwanese
2285:
2261:Hoklo Taiwanese
2144:
2136:
2094:
2069:
2064:
2063:
2048:
2044:
2029:
2025:
2012:
2011:
2007:
2000:
1984:
1980:
1970:
1968:
1962:
1957:
1956:泰国民主党副党首龙宛虹来溆寻根
1951:
1947:
1932:
1928:
1914:
1912:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1886:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1863:
1861:
1852:
1851:
1842:
1832:
1828:
1799:
1795:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1752:
1748:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1713:
1706:
1700:Wayback Machine
1687:
1683:
1678:
1674:
1667:
1663:
1652:
1648:
1611:
1607:
1601:
1573:
1569:
1541:
1537:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1507:
1500:
1495:
1482:Lingnan culture
1466:Ngee Ann Kongsi
1456:
1441:Jessica Henwick
1383:
1356:, president of
1284:Goh Cheng Liang
1230:
1203:
1146:Korn Dabbaransi
1124:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1088:
982:Teochew Cuisine
933:
924:
913:Pingtung County
897:
891:
846:
815:
769:Swatow language
657:
621:Chaoshan people
385:Hoklo Taiwanese
368:
366:
350:
348:
332:
330:
314:
312:
296:
294:
278:
276:
260:
258:
252:Laotian Chinese
239:
237:
217:
215:
196:
194:
175:
173:
167:Burmese Chinese
154:
152:
133:
131:
111:
109:
90:
88:
72:
70:
54:
52:
32:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3336:
3326:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3298:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3225:
3218:
3211:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3192:
3185:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3164:
3153:
3151:
3144:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3053:New immigrants
3050:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3037:
3030:
3029:
3022:
3015:
3007:
2998:
2997:
2995:
2994:
2982:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2862:Teochew people
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2757:Lingnan School
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2732:Lingnan garden
2729:
2724:
2719:
2718:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2692:
2687:
2681:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2658:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2644:Shamian Island
2641:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2585:
2580:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2553:
2547:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2519:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2488:
2487:
2480:
2473:
2465:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2445:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2410:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2391:
2379:
2374:
2357:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2340:
2339:
2338:
2333:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2296:
2295:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2275:
2270:
2269:
2268:
2266:Hui'an maidens
2263:
2253:
2248:
2238:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2194:
2189:
2188:
2187:
2177:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2135:
2134:
2127:
2120:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2100:
2093:
2092:External links
2090:
2089:
2088:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2042:
2023:
2005:
1998:
1978:
1945:
1926:
1894:
1873:
1864:|journal=
1826:
1793:
1779:
1765:
1746:
1739:(in Chinese).
1724:
1704:
1681:
1672:
1661:
1646:
1625:(4): 474–481.
1605:
1599:
1567:
1535:
1517:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1463:
1455:
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1444:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1390:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1371:
1361:
1351:
1341:
1335:
1332:Sogo Hong Kong
1325:
1315:
1310:, chairman of
1308:Krit Ratanarak
1305:
1287:
1281:
1276:, founded the
1271:
1265:
1251:
1244:Chau Chak-Wing
1241:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1210:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1112:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1087:
1084:
939:Chaozhou opera
932:
929:
923:
920:
890:
887:
845:
842:
814:
811:
797:; pinyin:
793:(Chinese:
742:; pinyin:
738:(Chinese:
727:people').
711:; pinyin:
656:
653:
649:Southeast Asia
635:also known as
617:Teo-Swa people
609:Teochew people
603:
602:
599:
598:
595:
594:
587:
578:
577:
570:
561:
560:
554:
553:
550:ciu4 zau1 jan4
546:
540:
539:
537:Yue: Cantonese
533:
532:
525:
519:
518:
512:
511:
510:Transcriptions
503:
502:
495:
489:
488:
485:
484:
483:Teochew people
476:
475:
461:Hokkien people
457:
456:
452:
451:
422:Predominantly
419:
418:
414:
413:
394:
393:
389:
388:
377:
363:
362:
359:
345:
344:
341:
327:
326:
323:
309:
308:
305:
291:
290:
287:
273:
272:
269:
255:
254:
248:
234:
233:
226:
212:
211:
205:
191:
190:
184:
170:
169:
163:
149:
148:
142:
128:
127:
120:
106:
105:
99:
85:
84:
81:
67:
66:
63:
61:Mainland China
49:
48:
44:
43:
39:
38:
34:
33:
25:Teochew People
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3335:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3230:
3226:
3223:
3219:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3197:
3193:
3190:
3186:
3183:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3174:
3169:
3165:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3148:
3145:
3141:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3120:
3117:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3090:
3086:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3028:
3023:
3021:
3016:
3014:
3009:
3008:
3005:
2993:
2992:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2971:
2970:
2967:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2955:Hakka cuisine
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2893:Beef chow fun
2891:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2867:Zhuang people
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2651:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2634:Pratas Island
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2512:
2507:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2486:
2481:
2479:
2474:
2472:
2467:
2466:
2463:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2414:
2411:
2407:
2404:
2400:
2395:
2392:
2388:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2371:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2341:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2289:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2133:
2128:
2126:
2121:
2119:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2087:
2086:10.1142/10967
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2057:
2053:
2046:
2038:
2034:
2027:
2019:
2015:
2009:
2001:
1999:9789814719445
1995:
1991:
1990:
1982:
1966:
1958:
1949:
1941:
1937:
1930:
1922:
1910:
1909:
1908:The New Paper
1904:
1898:
1883:
1877:
1869:
1856:
1848:
1841:
1839:
1830:
1821:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1797:
1789:
1783:
1775:
1769:
1761:
1757:
1750:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1728:
1720:
1719:
1711:
1709:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1692:
1685:
1676:
1670:
1669:广东潮州人的祖先来自福建？
1665:
1657:
1650:
1642:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1609:
1602:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1571:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1543:N Ng (2021),
1539:
1531:
1527:
1521:
1514:
1510:
1505:
1503:
1498:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
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1470:
1467:
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1461:
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1445:
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1433:
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1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1393:Tan Kheng Hua
1391:
1388:
1387:Chen Shucheng
1385:
1384:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1338:Trương Mỹ Lan
1336:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1294:Thai Beverage
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1278:Lai Sun Group
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1248:Kingold Group
1246:, founder of
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:, founder of
1235:
1232:
1231:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1182:Tan Soo Khoon
1180:
1177:
1176:Teo Chee Hean
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1164:Lim Boon Heng
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1093:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1071:
1070:
1064:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1015:
1011:
1010:Teochew music
1007:
1005:
1001:
993:
989:
988:Teochew opera
985:
983:
979:
977:
973:
965:
957:
953:
948:
946:
937:
928:
919:
916:
914:
910:
906:
902:
896:
886:
882:
880:
876:
872:
863:
859:
855:
850:
841:
839:
834:
832:
828:
824:
820:
810:
802:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
770:
766:
762:
757:
756:
751:
747:
737:
733:
728:
726:
716:
702:
698:
688:
682:
674:
670:
666:
662:
652:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
600:
588:
586:
583:
579:
574:Tiô-chiu-lâng
571:
569:
566:
562:
559:
555:
547:
545:
541:
538:
534:
526:
524:
520:
517:
513:
508:
504:
496:
494:
490:
486:
481:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
453:
449:
445:
441:
438:and others),
437:
433:
429:
425:
420:
415:
411:
407:
403:
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2861:
2857:Hakka people
2822:Wong Tai Sin
2812:Flowermarket
2638:
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3258:Australians
3215:Indonesians
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2700:Yue Chinese
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725:Han dynasty
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339:New Zealand
267:Philippines
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