112:. Bloody Sunday was instigated by loss of faith in the Tsarist government as a result of public discontent with the results of the Russo-Japanese War. In other words, the combination of the burden on the workers and general populace and the remote and costly war against Japan contributed greatly to the public unrest which sparked the 1905 revolution. Meanwhile, a similar combination existed in Japan. During the war and even before the war, Japanese socialists stated that the war would need sacrifice from the people.
1447:
294:". According to this thesis, Minpon Shugi has two main points. First, it is "the policy in exercising political power of valuing the profit, happiness, and opinions of the people." Second, it demands that "in the final determination of policies, the people's opinions must be valued highly." In short, Minpon Shugi does not fully specify where sovereignty lies, and it can coexist with the monarchical system.
322:
small and medium-sized businesses, and even during the war, the nation's silk cloth manufacturers' associations, wholesale brokers, union representatives, and the retail trade association came to Tokyo to oppose it. The same kind of opposition arose towards the salt monopoly. Thus, dissatisfaction with the war grew from rural areas across the country to urban areas.
297:
At that time, people criticized Minshu Shugi, the concept of democracy based on popular sovereignty, because people were afraid of Minshu Shugi violating their monarchical system. Yoshino tried to change the concept of democracy based on people's sovereignty (Minshu Shugi), to a concept of democracy
321:
On the other hand, the public reaction was the exact opposite. The people had sacrificed a great deal for the Russo-Japanese War. The government had imposed higher taxes on the citizens to pay for the war, and the peasants had had to pay most of their profits in taxes. The tax also dealt a blow to
338:
People started to express more of their opinions about the nation's decisions. In other words, people began to think for themselves, beyond what they were told by national leadership, and tried to exert political power to express their opinions. Political movements such as launching party and the
359:
Education for its own sake, independent of other concerns, was also advocated. University leadership and the press became independent of government, and people gained the ability to express their own opinions, independent from government views. Moreover, the increase in the literacy rate allowed
123:
was signed. Although Japan won, the general populace was disappointed by the result of the peace treaty. The
Japanese people saw the peace treaty, which lacked major Russian territorial cessions and monetary reparations, as foreshadowing more sacrifice without benefits. Public anger toward the
309:
The Russo-Japanese War caused serious damage to Japan's finances. Japan used foreign debt to start the war. It is said that the reason why Japan barely won was that the
Russian government held back its main force for fear of revolution. Japanese soldiers were plagued by Russian
139:
that accompanied it. The movement grew across the country and gradually exposed the people's dissatisfaction with their government. Over time, the movement transformed into the
Movement to Protect Constitutional Government, thereby igniting the
301:
After WWI, Minpon Shugi became the ideology of the Taishō Democracy
Movement. The Taishō Democracy Movement was led by activists who were inspired by the Minpon Shugi that Yoshino advocated.
116:
pointed out on 14 February 1904 that "The people will suffer for a long time from taxation for the war.". Some
Christians and women's liberationists expressed similar anti-war attitudes.
330:
The nation's trend towards universal democracy and independence can be seen as products of Taishō Democracy. These effects can be seen in various fields in that era, for example:
2461:
1734:
1652:
351:. As a result, the power of capitalists or finance experts got stronger than before. Moreover, people began the movement of abolition of tax and claimed a disarmament.
104:
Although there are many theories about when Taishō Democracy began and ended, 1905 is often said to be the starting year of the
Democratic era. 1905 was the year when
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1857:
88:
1887:
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399:
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There are many theories about the timing of the Taishō Democracy, but many historians agree that the following events are crucial to Taishō Democracy.
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The social system of patriarchy still existed in Japan at that time; however, there had been a gradual change to the traditional position of women.
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1154:
919:
775:
412:
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923:
779:
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970:
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796:. De Bary, Wm. Theodore, 1919-2017., Dykstra, Yoshiko Kurata. (2nd ed.). New York: Columbia University Press. 2001–2005. p. 172.
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The tendency of independence of the capital occurred and people sought to be free from the regulations. In other words, people demanded a
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1703:
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378:("Bluestocking"), complained that women did not have the same rights as men. Itō Noe, along with other women's activists such as
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Cabinet are considered to be a major milestone in Taisho democracy. When the rice riots subsided, the universal suffrage movement
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government gradually grew, and eventually led to the foundation of the movement against the Russo-Japanese war peace treaty.
33:
was a liberal and democratic trend across the political, economic, and cultural fields in Japan that began roughly after the
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1937:
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1713:
1698:
1609:
1569:
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41:(1912–1926). This trend was most evident in the field of politics, famously represented by the Taishō Democracy Movement
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1942:
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1008:
69:
organizes the cabinet. The term "Taishō Democracy" has been widely used since the book "The
History of Taishō Democracy
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is one form of democracy based on monarchical sovereignty that the political scientist
Yoshino Sakuzo put forward in "
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153:. This was the first instance of a popular movement trying to replace the cabinet in Japanese history, and the
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https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2012/07/29/general/taisho-democracy-pays-the-ultimate-price/#.XulryUX7Ryw
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1634:
1222:. Iwanami Shoten. Iwanami Shinsho Henshūbu., 岩波書店. 岩波新書編集部. Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten. 2010. p. 84.
497:. Iwanami Shoten. Iwanami Shinsho Henshūbu., 岩波書店. 岩波新書編集部. Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten. 2010. p. 81.
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based on monarchical sovereignty (Minpon Shugi), in order to fit "democracy" into
Japanese society.
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62:
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2018:
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https://www.facinghistory.org/nanjing-atrocities/nation-building/taisho-democracy-japan-1912-1926
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and even some who survived were covered all over with wounds. The peace treaty offered by U.S.
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253:'s cabinet. The campaign grew into what came to be called the Second Constitutional Movement
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1266:日本の近現代史をどう見るか (Nihon no kin-gendaishi o dō miru ka; "How to view Japan's modern history")
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2008:
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First of all, there was the Russo-Japanese War peace treaty protest movement and the
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2186:
1902:
1574:
742:
De Bary, Wm. Theodore, 1919-2017. Gluck, Carol, 1941- Tiedemann, Arthur E. (2005).
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2441:
890:. Mitani, Taichirō., 三谷太一郎. (Shohan ed.). Tōkyō: Chūō Kōronsha. p. 119.
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achieved "more than expected," said a government-leaning newspaper at the time.
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was in full swing and became a nationwide political movement. The
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Kensei no hongi o toite sono yushu no bi o nasu no michi o ronzu
2267:
1436:
1629:
724:
705:
671:
556:
27:
Political system of Japan during the Taishō period (1912-26)
1121:
Matsuo, Takayoshi, 1929-2014.; 松尾尊兌, 1929-2014. (1994).
1268:. Tōkyō: 岩波新書 (Iwanami Shinsho). 2010. pp. 88–89.
1174:
Taishō demokurashī-ron : Yoshino Sakuzō no jidai
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Taishō demokurashī-ron : Yoshino Sakuzō no jidai
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Taishō demokurashī-ron : Yoshino Sakuzō no jidai
1026:
939:
Taishō demokurashī-ron : Yoshino Sakuzō no jidai
936:
886:
Yoshino, Sakuzō, 1878-1933.; 吉野作造, 1878-1933 (1984).
841:
Taishō demokurashī-ron : Yoshino Sakuzō no jidai
838:
304:
360:
people to read more books and get more information.
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cabinet collapsed only 53 days after its formation.
339:movement for universal suffrage are some examples.
108:happened in Russia, which subsequently led to the
51:and the establishment of the Seitō Naikaku System
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2492:International Military Tribunal for the Far East
2462:German pre–World War II industrial co-operation
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197:was enacted under the subsequent cabinet of
1809:Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office
390:, and aimed for the independence of women.
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1172:Mitani, Taichirō; 三谷太一郎 (15 August 2013).
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941:(Daisanhan ed.). Tōkyō. p. 125.
937:Mitani, Taichirō; 三谷太一郎 (15 August 2013).
922:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
871:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
843:(Daisanhan ed.). Tōkyō. p. 146.
839:Mitani, Taichirō; 三谷太一郎 (15 August 2013).
778:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
746:. Columbia University Press. p. 169.
703:
669:
554:
119:The Russo-Japanese war ended in 1905, and
2212:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
1822:Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors
1078:(Daisanhan ed.). Tōkyō. p. 12.
386:, tried to make changes to the system of
1595:National Spiritual Mobilization Movement
1176:(Daisanhan ed.). Tōkyō. p. 2.
1031:(Daisanhan ed.). Tōkyō. p. 1.
693:. Tokyo: Nippon Hyoron Sya. p. 505.
659:. Tokyo: Nippon Hyoron Sha. p. 232.
372:, a feminist and editor of the magazine
988:. Tokyo: NIPPON HYORON SHA. p. 14.
983:
688:
654:
644:. Tokyo: Nippon Hyoron Sya. p. 39.
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629:. Tokyo: Nippon Hyoron Sha. p. 15.
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2410:Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
998:
614:. Tokyo: Nippon Hyoron Sha. p. 9.
599:. Tokyo: Nippon Hyoron Sha. p. 7.
584:. Tokyo: Nippon Hyoron Sha. p. 3.
65:in which the party with a majority in
1313:
1022:
1020:
1003:. Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten. p. 29.
1814:Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff
1570:Imperial Rule Assistance Association
1125:. Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten. p. 1.
489:
487:
467:Freedom and People's Rights Movement
363:
2482:Taiwanese Imperial Japan Serviceman
1724:East Asia Development Board (Kōain)
1339:
1220:Nihon no kin-gendaishi o dō miru ka
495:Nihon no kin-gendaishi o dō miru ka
37:and continued until the end of the
24:
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305:National discontent during the war
25:
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249:launched a campaign to overthrow
2182:Soviet–Japanese border conflicts
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2538:Politics of the Empire of Japan
2197:Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact
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2452:Japanese settlers in Manchuria
1565:Imperial Rescript on Education
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13:
1:
1898:Imperial Way Faction (Kōdōha)
1804:Imperial General Headquarters
1395:Foreign commerce and shipping
794:Sources of Japanese tradition
744:Sources of Japanese tradition
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266:
170:and the establishment of the
127:
2230:Hirohito surrender broadcast
1625:Greater East Asia Conference
354:
7:
1610:Supreme Court of Judicature
984:Shinobu, Seizaburō (1978).
689:Shinobu, Seizaburo (1954).
655:Shinobu, Seizaburo (1954).
640:Shinobu, Seizaburo (1954).
625:Shinobu, Seizaburo (1954).
610:Shinobu, Seizaburo (1954).
595:Shinobu, Seizaburo (1954).
580:Shinobu, Seizaburo (1954).
544:. Tokyo: Nippon Hyoron Sha.
540:Shinobu, Seizaburo (1954).
393:
333:
326:Effects of Taishō Democracy
281:
79:
10:
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2321:Second Philippine Republic
2094:Manchuria–Mongolia problem
999:Matsuo, Takayoshi (1994).
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137:Hibiya incendiary incident
94:
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2402:
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2298:
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2202:Japan during World War II
2157:Pacification of Manchukuo
2127:
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2044:Invasion of Taiwan (1874)
1982:
1975:
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1913:Control Faction (Tōseiha)
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2119:Racial Equality Proposal
1699:Agriculture and Commerce
63:representative democracy
2518:Social history of Japan
2089:Washington Naval Treaty
2034:Anglo–Japanese Alliance
2019:First Sino-Japanese War
1838:Nuclear weapons program
1580:Great Japan Youth Party
1507:National seals of Japan
691:Taisho Demokurashii Shi
142:Taishō political crisis
80:Taishō demokurashii Shi
2167:Motherland controversy
2137:Shōwa financial crisis
1929:Imperial Japanese Navy
1869:Imperial Japanese Army
1600:Peace Preservation Law
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657:Taisho Democrashii Shi
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289:憲政の本義を説いて其有終の美を済すの途を論ず
159:The rice riots of 1918
2543:Democracy by location
2079:Siberian Intervention
1888:Railways and Shipping
1704:Commerce and Industry
1400:Industrial production
2497:Political dissidence
2346:Occupied territories
2084:General Election Law
1908:Taiwan Army of Japan
473:Hanshinkan Modernism
186:general election law
2523:Democracy movements
2316:Wang Jingwei regime
2226:Potsdam Declaration
2217:Soviet–Japanese War
2172:Anti-Comintern Pact
2162:January 28 incident
2147:London Naval Treaty
2024:Triple Intervention
1853:Supreme War Council
1737:deliberative bodies
316:President Roosevelt
2533:Russo-Japanese War
2039:Russo-Japanese War
2009:Two Lords Incident
1664:Imperial Household
1123:Taishō demokurashī
462:Universal suffrage
400:Keishichi Hirasawa
349:limited government
110:Russian Revolution
35:Russo-Japanese War
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2504:
2477:Socialist thought
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2326:Empire of Vietnam
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2014:Satsuma Rebellion
1994:Meiji Restoration
1971:
1970:
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1780:
1719:Greater East Asia
1605:Political parties
1560:Foreign relations
1275:978-4-00-431051-8
1229:978-4-00-431051-8
1183:978-4-13-030157-2
1085:978-4-13-030157-2
1038:978-4-13-030157-2
948:978-4-13-030157-2
850:978-4-13-030157-2
504:978-4-00-431051-8
364:Women's Activists
89:Shinobu Seizaburō
16:(Redirected from
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2467:Shinmin no Michi
2457:Internment camps
2369:French Indochina
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2252:
2099:Taishō Democracy
1980:
1979:
1903:Japanese holdout
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2447:Hakkō ichiu
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2271:after 1943)
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2207:Pacific War
2067:World War I
1943:Air Service
1883:Air Service
1756:Gozen Kaigi
1472:(Yoshihito)
1464:(Mutsuhito)
1410:Nationalism
1355:Agriculture
416: [
403: [
210:. In 1932,
2512:Categories
2236:Occupation
2059:Taishō era
2004:Boshin War
1848:War crimes
1644:Government
1620:Tonarigumi
1527:Privy Seal
1522:State Seal
1480:(Hirohito)
1405:Militarism
1360:Censorship
672:"大正デモクラシー"
566:2020-08-01
479:References
267:Background
128:Key Events
67:parliament
46:大正デモクラシー運動
39:Taishō era
2437:Sonnō jōi
2389:Singapore
2374:Hong Kong
2336:Azad Hind
2311:Mengjiang
2306:Manchukuo
2280:Kantō-shū
2222:Surrender
2129:Shōwa era
2114:Truku War
1985:Meiji era
1953:Tokkeitai
1918:Kempeitai
1829:Senjinkun
1746:Daijō-kan
1709:Munitions
1590:Mokusatsu
1380:Education
1284:534643529
1246:cite book
1238:534643529
1200:cite book
1192:856900297
1149:cite book
1102:cite book
1094:856900297
1055:cite book
1047:856900297
986:大正デモクラシー史
965:cite book
957:856900297
914:cite book
867:cite book
859:856900297
820:cite book
770:cite book
521:cite book
513:534643529
355:Education
225:Kenseikai
74:大正デモクラシー史
2415:Yen bloc
2403:Ideology
2394:Thailand
2263:Karafuto
2256:Colonies
1843:Kamikaze
1786:Military
1689:Treasury
1543:Policies
1534:Kimigayo
1455:Emperors
1422:Politics
1390:Eugenics
1348:Overview
1141:31151962
906:26618884
812:45137685
762:57750460
725:"憲政擁護運動"
469:(自由民権運動)
434:(平塚らいてう)
394:See also
334:Politics
1976:History
1948:Marines
1585:Kokutai
1490:Symbols
1470:Taishō
1427:Statism
1370:Economy
723:国史大辞典.
706:"普通選挙法"
557:"ロシア革命"
452:(女性参政権)
438:Itō Noe
428:(小林多喜二)
370:Itō Noe
343:Economy
258:第二次護憲運動
155:Katsura
95:Summary
2379:Malaya
2354:Borneo
2290:Taiwan
2285:Nan'yō
2275:Chōsen
2268:naichi
1478:Shōwa
1462:Meiji
1437:Kazoku
1385:System
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458:(民本主義)
446:(吉屋信子)
440:(伊藤野枝)
422:(山本宣治)
409:(平澤計七)
236:, and
2359:Burma
2072:Entry
1766:Peers
1630:Senbu
1615:Tokkō
420:]
407:]
375:Seitō
244:革新倶楽部
192:普通選挙法
56:政党内閣制
1684:Navy
1679:Army
1280:OCLC
1270:ISBN
1252:link
1234:OCLC
1224:ISBN
1206:link
1188:OCLC
1178:ISBN
1159:link
1155:link
1137:OCLC
1127:ISBN
1108:link
1090:OCLC
1080:ISBN
1061:link
1043:OCLC
1033:ISBN
1005:ISBN
971:link
953:OCLC
943:ISBN
924:link
920:link
902:OCLC
892:ISBN
873:link
855:OCLC
845:ISBN
826:link
808:OCLC
798:ISBN
780:link
776:link
758:OCLC
748:ISBN
527:link
509:OCLC
499:ISBN
382:and
205:加藤高明
179:普選運動
172:Hara
148:大正政変
61:, a
1674:War
231:憲政会
218:政友会
165:米騒動
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