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in the genre of lesbian literature. As already mentioned, this was especially felt in her early works, often depicting unrequited love or craving from afar, which can be viewed as a subtle depiction of the author's personal youth lesbian experience. Her work in this period often has a sad and cruel ending, making extensive use of death from unrequited love or the double suicide of girls as a result of the threat of marriage to their relationship. In the future, these tropes will be widely used in the early works of yuri as a way to make the story more melodramatic and save the work from censorship, which did not allow a positive image of lesbian relations.
393:. A characteristic element of her style is the image of a very close female friendship as a platonic love between girls, often passing along with their youth, but allowing girls to socialize and build strong bonds based on love and sisterhood. This gave her friendship description a rather melodramatic look, full of romantic metaphors or overt lesbian subtext, due to this, many of her stories actually represented the image of lesbian attachment as an important and strong relationship, which, however, was a fleeting element of youth and passed along with the maturation of the girl and her marriage.
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lesbian attachments. During this period, she gained wide recognition as the author of youth women's literature, because of the platonic nature of the relationship, her work was not considered as something amoral, and girls and young adult woman found attractive her ideas of eternal friendship, idealized sisterhood and a realistic depiction of the lives of women of today to her.
396:
Although
Yoshiya herself was never “out” in the modern sense of the word, she openly lived in a lesbian relationship with another woman. In connection with this fact, many of her works, especially early ones, are considered by literary critics as semi-autobiographical or even the first Japanese works
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At the same time, although she continued to develop her sensual, nostalgic and emotional narrative style, the relationship between the heroines in her subsequent works began to be portrayed as more platonic, rather idealizing friendship and sisterhood between innocent girls, than any open or implied
213:. Her house is now the Yoshiya Nobuko Memorial Museum, and preserves the study as she left it, with items such as handwritten manuscripts and favorite objects on display. The museum is open only twice a year, in early May and November, for three days each time. Her grave is at the temple of
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for over 50 years. Unlike many
Japanese public figures, she was not reticent about revealing details of her personal life through photographs, personal essays, and magazine interviews. In 1926, they established a collaborative working relationship of author and secretary. In 1957, Yoshiya
303:( 屋根裏の二處女 "Two Virgins in the Attic", 1919) is thought to be semi-autobiographical, and describes a female-female love experience between dormmates. In the last scene, the two girls decide to live together as a couple. This work criticizes a male-oriented society and presents a strong
155:. Her father was first a police officer and then became a local county government official, so her family relocated often to accommodate his transfers. She was the only daughter and youngest of five children in her family. Both her mother and her father came from
178:
style, including in magazine photo sessions. She was one of the first
Japanese women to emulate Western fashion in the 1920s by cutting her hair short. She designed her own house and was one of the first Japanese women both to own a car and a racehorse.
209:. In 1962, she built a traditional wooden house with Japanese-style garden in a quiet area, which she willed to the city of Kamakura on her death, to be used to promote women's cultural and educational activities. She died at age 77 of
997:
Frederick, Sarah. "Women of the
Setting Sun and Men from the Moon: Yoshiya Nobuko's Ataka Family as Postwar Romance."U.S. - Japan Women's Journal, English Supplement 23. 2003.
253:
Monma as her daughter, the only legal way for lesbians to share property and make medical decisions for each other at the time. They both traveled together to
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Yoshiya explored two main themes throughout her work: friendship between women and the idea of the "ideal" male, her works are keenly aware of contemporary
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are about unrequited love, pining from afar, and/or have unhappy endings. These stories often depict female-female desire with a dreamy writing style.
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1024:
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Frederick, Sarah. "Not that
Innocent: Yoshiya Nobuko's Good Girls in Jan Bardsley and Laura Miller eds. Bad Girls of Japan. Palgrave, 2005.
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382:, one of the main inspirers and influential authors was Yoshiya. By creating works in this genre, she was able both to strengthen the
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Suzuki, Michiko (August 2006). "Writing Same-Sex Love: Sexology and
Literary Representation in Yoshiya Nobuko's Early Fiction".
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Japan. She was one of modern Japan's most commercially successful and prolific writers, specializing in serialized
335:, Yoshiya began presenting adult same-sex love as being akin to sisterhood and complementary to heterosexuality.
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in
Japanese culture for many years to come, and to become one of the pioneers of Japanese lesbian literature.
824:
Dollase, Hiromi (2003). "Early
Twentieth Century Japanese Girls' Magazine Stories: Examining Shōjo Voice in
413:, Yoshiya mistrusted political parties and never became active in the organized Japanese feminist movement.
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378:. This was particularly reflected in the development and popularization of the unique Japanese genre
905:"Yoshiya Nobuko's Yaneura no nishojo (Two Virgins in the Attic): Female-Female Desire and Feminism"
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Becoming Modern Women: Love and Female
Identity in Prewar Japanese Literature and Culture
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families. Her middle-class, culturally conservative parents trained her for the "
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374:(same-sex love) and of female friendships had a direct influence on later
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Japanese women novelists in the 20th century: 104 biographies, 1900-1993
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Turning Pages: Reading And Writing Women's Magazines in Interwar Japan
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Transforming Japan: How Feminism and Diversity Are Making a Difference
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Japanese Visual Culture: Explorations in the World of Manga and Anime
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Homosexual/Homosocial Subtexts in Early 20th-Century Japanese Culture
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Societies, Networks, and Transitions: A Global History: Since 1750
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to Japan from 1927–1928. In the late 1930s, they also visited the
650:(Illustrated ed.). University of Hawaii Press. p. 135.
289:( 花物語 "Flower Tales", 1916–1924), a series of fifty-two tales of
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331:(Black Rose), which she discontinued after eight months. After
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Feminism in Modern Japan: Citizenship, Embodiment and Sexuality
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314:("To the Ends of the Earth", 1920), won a literary prize from
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to write favourably of Japan's war efforts in China. She and
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and adolescent girls' fiction, as well as being a pioneer in
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A Queer World: The Center for Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader
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Schierbeck, Sachiko Shibata; Edelstein, Marlene R. (1994).
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Hutchinson, Rachael; Morton, Leith Douglas, eds. (2019).
560:"Yoshiya Nobuko: Out and Outspoken in Practice and Prose"
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167:. Her literary career began when she was in her teens.
911:. San Diego: Abstracts of the 2000 AAS Annual Meeting
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131:. Several of her stories have been made into films.
734:(Illustrated ed.). NYU Press. pp. 51–52.
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346:( 良人の貞操 "A Husband's Chastity", 1936–1937),
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460:. Feminist Press at CUNY. pp. 105–13.
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354:( 安宅家の人々 "The Ataka Family", 1964–1965),
327:In 1925, Yoshiya began her own magazine,
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1025:Kamakura Yoshiya Nobuko Memorial Museum
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358:( 徳川の夫人たち "Tokugawa Women", 1966), and
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527:. Taylor & Francis. p. 824.
1007:. Cambridge University Press (2003)
761:Izumo, Marou; Maree, Claire (2000).
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362:( 女人平家 "Ladies of the Heike", 1971)
338:Yoshiya's other major works include
1105:20th-century Japanese women writers
342:("Women's Friendship", 1933–1934),
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767:. Spinifex Press. pp. 82–84.
558:Robertson, Jennifer (2005-01-01),
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108:was a Japanese novelist active in
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966:. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 144–150.
617:. Cengage Learning. p. 670.
564:Same-Sex Cultures and Sexualities
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106:, 12 January 1896 – 11 July 1973)
799:Contemporary Japanese Literature
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1060:Writers from Tochigi Prefecture
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707:. Routledge. pp. 128–129.
644:Frederick, Sarah (2006-07-31).
611:Craig A. Lockard (2010-01-01).
831:The Journal of Popular Culture
728:Duberman, Martin, ed. (1997).
285:One of Yoshiya's early works,
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225:In January 1923, Yoshiya met
221:Relationship with Chiyo Monma
16:Japanese novelist (1896–1973)
870:The Journal of Asian Studies
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265:, and then returned via the
182:In 1938, Yoshiya joined the
163:" role expected of women in
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572:10.1002/9780470775981.ch11
521:Zimmerman, Bonnie (2000).
937:Stanford University Press
903:Tsuchiya, Hiromi (2000).
882:10.1017/S0021911806001148
684:(in Japanese). 2014-09-02
350:(鬼火 "Demon Fire", 1951),
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261:, stayed for a year in
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161:good wife, wise mother
246:romantic relationship
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139:Yoshiya was born in
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384:romantic friendship
352:Atakake no hitobito
203:Kanagawa Prefecture
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301:Yaneura no nishojo
153:Tochigi Prefecture
141:Niigata Prefecture
125:lesbian literature
1080:Lesbian novelists
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828:(Flower Tales)".
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467:978-1-55861-699-8
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324:influence.
239:Monma Chiyo
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84:Novelist
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149:Tochigi
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233:門馬 千代
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