Romance novel - Knowledge

1038:, began distributing in North America in 1957 the category romances published by Mills & Boon. Mary Bonneycastle, wife of Harlequin founder Richard Bonneycastle, and her daughter, Judy Burgess, exercised editorial control over which Mills & Boon novels Harlequin reprinted. They had a "decency code", and rejected more sexually explicit material that Mills and Boon submitted for reprinting. Realizing that the genre was popular, Richard Bonneycastle finally decided to read a romance novel. He chose one of the more explicit novels and enjoyed it. On his orders, the company conducted a market test with the novel he had read and discovered that it outsold a similar, tamer novel. Overall, the novels were short and formulaic, featuring heroines who were sweet, compassionate, pure and innocent. The few heroines who worked did so in traditional female jobs, including as 815: 3438:. Bakin chose to adopt the Genius and Beauty Romance in order to explore new ideas for his own writing. However, while composing his writings he was constantly making painstaking efforts to insure that his final writings would be as marketable as possible. After reading many Genius and Beauty Romances, he absorbed many elements of the original writing style. In spite of this, he was often unable to produce his own original works using this style of writing as a base. Bakin had written a widely acclaimed adaptation of "Fuzoku Kingyou Den." We can conclude that this novel's success was to some extent a direct result of the literary excellence of the original Chinese version. 610: 1646:. Mass-market historical romance novels are rarely published in hardcover, with fewer than 15 receiving that status each year, less than one-fifth of the number of contemporary romance novels published in that format. Because historical romances are primarily published in mass-market format, their fortunes are tied to a certain extent to the mass-market trends. Booksellers and large merchandisers now sell fewer mass market paperbacks, preferring trade paperbacks or hardcovers, which prevents historical romances from being sold in some price clubs and other mass merchandise outlets. 2125:, as this type of occupation was not common in their culture. The paranormal romance genre is not popular in countries such as Poland and Russia, although historical romance tends to be very successful. Inspirational romance does not sell well in Europe, where romances that feature babies are very popular. German readers enjoy reading more erotic romance novels, and some German translations of English romance novels expand or insert love scenes into otherwise tame stories. The alternate scenario also occurs, as other German translators censor the love scenes. 806:. Because Heyer's romances are set more than 100 years earlier, she includes carefully researched historical detail to help her readers understand the period. Unlike other popular love-romance novels of the time, Heyer's novels used the setting as a major plot device. Her characters often exhibit twentieth-century sensibilities, and more conventional characters in the novels point out the heroine's eccentricities, such as wanting to marry for love. Heyer was a prolific author, and wrote one to two historical romance novels per year until her death in 1974. 1237:

in more male-dominated jobs, such as offshore oil rigs and the space program. The age range of heroines also began to expand, so that books began to feature women who had already reached 30 and even 40. Heroes also changed, with some authors veering towards a more sensitive man. Despite the broadening of some aspects of the plot, other taboos remained, and publishers discouraged authors from writing about controversial subjects such as terrorism, warfare, and masculine sports. Romance novels began to contain more humor beginning in the 1990s, as

1573:, is often what people mean when they refer to a romance novel. Contemporary romance novels—the largest subgenre—are set in the time when they are written, and usually reflect the mores of that time. Heroines in contemporary romances prior to 1970 usually quit working when they marry or have children—while heroines after 1970 usually have, and keep, a career. As contemporary romance novels have grown to contain more complex plotting and more realistic characters, the line between this subgenre and the genre of women's fiction has blurred. 1993:. Erotic romance novels are characterized by strong sexual content, but can contain elements of any of the other romance subgenres. Erotic romance novels tend to use more frank language, avoiding many of the euphemisms used in books with milder content. These novels also usually include more sex scenes, often focusing more on the sex act rather than being a more traditional love scene, and may include more unusual positions or acts. Despite a greater emphasis on the sex scenes, however, erotic romance is distinguishable from traditional 1426: 1213:

caused a proportionate decrease in the quality of the novels that were being released. By 1984, the market was saturated with category lines and readers had begun to complain of redundancy in plots. The following year, the "dampening effect of the high level of redundancy associated with series romances was evident in the decreased number of titles being read per month." Harlequin's return rate, which had been less than 25% in 1978, when it was the primary provider of category romance, swelled to 60%.

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films ... caizi (才子) and jiaren (佳人), which, far from conveying the full connotations of the original words, have been translated as "scholar" and "beauty." Broadly speaking, the terms can be applied to any hero and heroine in classical Chinese representations of love and courtship. In a narrow sense, however, caizi-jiaren refers exclusively to a model of romantic stories in popular drama and fiction that flourished in late imperial China … .

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of 600 regular romance readers the same year "found that they mirror the general population in age, education, and marital and socioeconomic status." Over half of the women had at least some college education, and 40% were employed full-time. 60% of the women surveyed read at least one romance every two days. The women admitted to reading romances as an antidote to stress, for mental escape, and to learn about history and new careers.

1057:. In an attempt to duplicate Mills & Boon's success in North America, Harlequin improved their distribution and marketing system. By choosing to sell their books "where the women are," they allowed many mass-market merchandisers and even supermarkets to sell the books, all of which were exactly 192 pages. Harlequin then began a reader service, selling directly to readers who agreed to purchase a certain number of books each month. 2203: 149: 87: 46: 226: 1442:

periods, levels of sensuality, or types of conflict. Publishers of category romances usually issue guidelines for each line, specifying the elements necessary for a novel to be included in each line. Depending on the current market and perceived reader preferences, publishers frequently begin new lines or end existing ones. Most recently, erotic and Christian lines have been introduced while traditional

502:, and disability. The combination of time frame, location, and plot elements does, however, help a novel to fit into one of several romance subgenres. Despite the numerous possibilities this framework allows, many people in the mainstream press claim that "all seem to read alike." Stereotypes of the romance genre abound. For instance, some believe that all romance novels are similar to those of 1836:

time-travel romance must have the characters react logically to their experience and should investigate some of the differences, both physical and mental, between the world the character normally inhabits and the one where they landed. Some writers end their novels with the protagonists trapped in different time periods and unable to be together—to the displeasure of many readers of the genre.

1252:, "became a natural bestseller." Several authors found success writing single-title romances set in contemporary times, and publishing houses began to encourage the growth in the genre. Because the novels were set in modern times, they could include more of the elements that modern women could relate to, and soon began to touch on themes such as single parenthood, adoption, and abuse. 451:, define the genre more simply, stating only that a romance must make the "romantic relationship between the hero and the heroine ... the core of the book." In general, romance novels reward characters who are good people and penalize those who are evil, and a couple who fights for and believes in their relationship will likely be rewarded with unconditional love. Bestselling author 1173:. Dailey's novels provided the romance genre's "first look at heroines, heroes and courtships that take place in America, with American sensibilities, assumptions, history, and most of all, settings." Harlequin was unsure how the market would react to this new type of romance, and was unwilling to fully embrace it. In the late 1970s, a Harlequin editor rejected a manuscript by 2079:

novel in 2008, according to a Romance Writers of America study. The study reported that 9.5% of romance readers identified themselves as male, and that romance readers were more likely to be married or living with a partner. According to the RWA 84% of romance buyers were women and 16% were men. Of the entire American population, 24.6% read at least one romance novel in 2008.

1821:, describing a fantasy story using many of the elements and conventions of the romance genre. Romantic fantasy has been published by both fantasy and romance lines, with some publishers distinguishing between "fantasy romance" being more like a contemporary fantasy novel with romantic elements, and "romantic fantasy" with more emphasis on the romance elements of the story. 1267:, published in 2006, features a hero with facial scarring and nerve damage who overcomes fears of rejection due to his physical appearance to enter a romantic relationship and family unit by the end of the novel. This was a substantial shift from past narratives where disabled characters were "de-eroticized" and not given storylines that included sex or romantic love. 2036:, an electronic publisher that focuses on erotic romance, became the first electronic publisher recognized by the Romance Writers of America as a legitimate publisher. Ellora's Cave went out of business at the end of 2016. Several other smaller presses largely focused on erotic romance have also closed up shop, including Samhain Publishing (closed 2017) and 1205:, becoming the first line to waive the requirement that heroines be virgins. By the end of 1983 sales for the Candlelight Ecstasy line totaled $ 30 million. Silhoeutte also launched similar lines, Desire (sexually explicit) and Special Edition (sexually explicit and longer stories, up to 250 pages), each of which had a 90–100% sellout rate each month. 1685:, who wrote ten romantic suspense novels between 1955 and 1967. Stewart was one of the first to seamlessly combine the two genres, maintaining a full mystery while focusing on the courtship between two people. In her novels, the process of solving the mystery "helps to illuminate" the hero's personality, helping the heroine to fall in love with him. 1799:, was published in 1986 and was a "classic road trip romance" that happened to be set in a separate galaxy. This genre has become more popular since 2000. Krentz attributes the popularity of this romance genre to the fact that the novels "are, at heart, classic historical romances that just happen to be set on other worlds." 1678:

directly affect the relationship and move the story forward." Romantic suspense novels tend to have more "clean" language, without the "emotional, intimate" descriptions often used in more traditional romances. Because the mystery is a crucial aspect of the plot, these novels are more plot-driven instead of character-driven.

440:, the main plot of a mass-market romance novel must revolve about the two people as they develop romantic love for each other and work to build a relationship. Both the conflict and the climax of the novel should be directly related to that core theme of developing a romantic relationship, although the novel can also contain 787:(1740). Although women were gaining more independence in life, publishers believed that readers would only accept premarital sex in the context of rape. In this novel and those that followed, the rape was depicted as more of a fantasy; the heroine is rarely if ever shown experiencing terror, stress, or trauma as a result. 481:). While the majority of romance novels meet the stricter criteria, there are also many books widely considered to be romance novels that deviate from these rules. The Romance Writers of America's definition of romance novels includes only the focus on a developing romantic relationship and an optimistic ending. 1997:. Pornography concentrates on the sex acts, but erotic novels include well-developed characters and a plot that could exist without the sex acts. In a vast majority of erotic romance novels, the sexual act progresses the plot or furthers the character development in some way and are critical to the story. 3268:

The caizi-jiaren storyline, as the notes below indicate, refers specifically to a Ming-Qing dynasty stereotypical narrative shape; however, the fundamentals are exceptionally old and widespread in East Asia ... It remains, I would suggest, one of the standard storylines of modern East Asian romantic

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Although romance novels are translated into over 90 languages, most authors of women's fiction are from Great Britain or North America. In France, where over 12 million romance novels are sold each year, all are translations, as are almost all Harlequin novels in Italy. Some publishing companies

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The romance fiction market "has been impervious to the overall economic recession, with faithful readers spending up to $ 40 a month" on romance novels in 1982. That year, paperback romances totaled $ 300 million in sales, and the total audience was estimated at 20 million readers. A survey

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publishers. Writers often have more leeway as to what types of erotic acts can be included when working with an electronic publisher than they would have when working with a print publisher. The market for erotic romances has been growing rapidly, leading some publishers to create new lines for these

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Time-travel romances are a version of the classic "fish out of water" story. In most, the heroine is from the present day and travels into the past to meet the hero. In a smaller subset of these novels, the hero, who lives in the past, travels forward into his future to meet the heroine. A successful

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These books (time travel, fantasy, science fiction, and futuristic) blend romance with fantasy or science fiction, and they often overlap the paranormal subgenre. While exploring their alternate worlds, they also offer a fully developed romance. The sensuality level in these novels varies from chaste

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Like all romances, romantic suspense novels must place the development of a relationship between the protagonists at the heart of the story. The relationship "must impact each decision they make and increase the tension of the suspense as it propel the story. In turn, the events of suspense must also

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Despite recent rehabilitation and merging of the genre with other genres, there is sometimes a negative stigma with the romance novel. Some dedicated readers are embarrassed to admit to buying or even reading the books. The romance genre has sometimes generated criticism. Some critics point to a lack

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held that, if poets and novelists across continents have not stopped producing romance novels since millennia, it is because no other topic is more relevant and so the theme never gets old. According to Schopenhauer, romance/love is more important than other topics because it affects the species (not

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A 1982 survey of romance readers confirmed that the new styles of writing were attracting new readers to the genre. 35% of the readers surveyed had begun reading romances after 1977. An additional 31% of those surveyed had been readers for between 6 and 10 years, meaning they had become interested in

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A romance novel can be set in any time period and in any location. In recent years, romance novels have even expanded into the galaxy. There are no specific restrictions on what can or cannot be included in a romance novel. Even controversial subjects are addressed in romance novels, including topics

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launched the first line of Latino romance novels – ENCANTO. The ENCANTO novels were originally released in two ways – a bilingual Spanish/English version and a Spanish-only version. Two novels were published every month until late 2001, when the line went into hiatus. Despite the demise of the line,

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themes with the development of a romantic relationship. In 2004, 167 novels were published in the inspirational romance subgenre. These novels typically do not include gratuitous violence or swearing, and the central courtship is chaste. Sex, if it is present at all, occurs after marriage and is not

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Category romances are short, usually no more than 200 pages, or about 55,000 words. The books are published in clearly delineated lines, with a certain number of books published in each line every month. In many cases, the books are numbered sequentially within the line. These novels have widespread

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Since the 1980s, many plot lines that were once thought to be taboo by the romance publishing industry have become much more accepted into the mainstream of romance fiction. For example, in the 20th century it was rare to find a book with a hero who was in the military or professional sports. In the

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became the first futuristic romance, combining elements of traditional romance novels and science fiction. The relationships had also modernized: by the 1990s, it was rare to see a book that featured a man raping his future wife. In the mid-to-late 1980s, contemporary romances began to feature women

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The number of category romance lines increased at a rapid pace, and by 1985 there were 16 separate lines producing a total of 80 novels per month. The sudden increase in category romance lines meant an equally sudden increase in demand for writers of the new style of romance novel. This tight market

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Women will pick up a romance novel knowing what to expect, and this foreknowledge of the reader is very important. When the hero and heroine meet and fall in love, maybe they don't know they're in love but the reader does. Then a conflict will draw them apart, but you know in the end they'll be back

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The talented and independent woman is not new in Chinese literature, nor is her attachment to a handsome scholar. Her concentration in beauty-scholar romances of the early to mid-Qing, however, is a clear identifying feature of these novels. Able to do as well or better than the man, such a woman

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Many paranormal romances rely on the blend of contemporary American life with the existence of supernatural or magically empowered beings, human or otherwise. Sometimes the larger culture is aware of the magical in its midst; sometimes it is not. Some paranormal romances focus less on the specifics

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called "perhaps the most bitter war in American book publishing history." The company sought to take advantage of the untapped talent of the American writers. They published several lines of category romance, and encouraged their writers to create stronger heroines and less dominant heroes. Authors

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In this new style of historical romance, heroines were independent and strong-willed and were often paired with heroes who evolved into caring and compassionate men who truly admired the women they loved. This was in contrast to the contemporary romances published during this time, which were often

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for women. While some romance novels do contain more erotic acts, in other romance novels the characters do no more than kiss chastely. The romance genre runs the spectrum between these two extremes. Because women buy 90% of all romance novels, most romance novels are told from a woman's viewpoint,

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By the 2000s, romance had become the most popular genre in modern literature. In 2008, romantic fiction generated $ 1.37 billion in sales, with 7,311 romance novels published and making up 13.5% of the consumer book market. Over 74 million people claimed to have read at least one romance

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in 1892. The subgenre started growing in the early 1980s along with other romance subgenres. Black love historical romance novels center the love and happiness of its main characters, and usually includes black history and black people standing in solidarity. Political and social commentary is the

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Because the definition of a romance novel does not limit the types of plot devices, time frames, or locations that can be included, the genre has grown to encompass a wide variety of material and spawned multiple subgenres. Subgenres of romance are often closely related to other literature genres,

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Debates about whether these novels fall inside or outside the contemporary romance genre, and the extent to which they transcend the genre to be multi-genre, has received mainstream media attention in part due to Gabaldon's frequent and prominent assertions that her Outlander series is not Romance

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In the earliest Harlequin romance novels, heroines were typically nurses and secretaries, but as time has passed and women have entered the workforce in larger numbers, romance heroines have spanned the career spectrum. Modern romance novels now feature more balanced relationships between men and

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The success of these novels prompted a new style of writing romance, concentrating primarily on historical fiction tracking the monogamous relationship between a helpless heroine and the hero who rescued her, even if he had been the one to place her in danger. The covers of these novels tended to

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had a happy ending, when after Mr. B attempts unsuccessfully to seduce and rape Pamela multiple times, he eventually rewards her virtue by sincerely proposing an equitable marriage to her. The book was one of the first bestsellers, with five editions printed in the first eleven months of release.

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Strong sales of popular romance novels make this the largest segment of the global book market. The genre boomed in the 1980s, with the addition of many different categories of romance and an increased number of single-title romances, but popular authors started pushing the boundaries of both the

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Chinese novels were central to Goethe's developing the idea of world literature. By the last decade of Goethe's career, three such romances had been translated into European languages. All evidence indicates that he had read them intensely in search of material and inspiration for his own poetic

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are romance novels where young adult life is centered. The subgenre is believed to have been started in 1942, with varying degrees of popularity throughout time. The romance between two characters is the central focus of the book, however other aspects of young adult/teen life are also explored,

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These novels often blend elements of other subgenres—including suspense, mystery, or chick lit—with their fantastic themes. A few paranormal romances are set solely in the past and are structured much like any historical romance novel. Others are set in the future, sometimes on different worlds.

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To write a successful novel of this length, the "author must pare the story down to its essentials. Subplots and minor characters are eliminated or relegated to the backstory." Nonetheless, category romance lines each have a distinct identity, which may involve similar settings, characters, time

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Single-titles novels are romance novels not published as part of a publisher's category. They are longer than category romances, typically between 350 and 400 pages, or 100,000-110,000 words. Publishers may release the novels over a shorter period of time for sales and publicity reasons, but on

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Despite their name, single-title novels are not always stand alone novels. Some authors prefer to write several interconnected books, ranging in number from trilogies to long-running series, so that they can revisit characters or worlds. Such sets of books often have similar titles, and may be

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As of 1982 at least 25% of all paperbacks were romance novels; by 1991, they comprised 46% of all mass market paperbacks sold in the US. This expansion was due in part to voracious readers, with over half of Harlequin's customers purchasing 30 novels per month. By this time, the romance novel

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relationships. The first line of multicultural romance novels, Arabesque, was launched by Kensington Books in 1994. BET Books purchased the line in 1998, and the number of new authors that they publish has continued to expand each year. BET has also developed some of the Arabesque novels into

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and were marketed in religious bookstores. The Silhouette Inspirations line was closed after Harlequin acquired Silhouette in 1984 because it was not profitable. However, other Christian publishers continued to produce romance novels, including historical and contemporary, and Harlequin later

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Over the years, many publishers have included futuristic, fantasy, and science-fiction romances in their contemporary series lines (for example, Harlequin Temptation, Harlequin Superromance, Silhouette Special Edition). Today these romances are published by most major publishers, including

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Scholars of romance novel history have observed that characters with disabilities have been largely underrepresented in mainstream media, including romance novels. By the early 2000s, though, more books in the romance genre featured heroes and heroines with physical and mental impairments.

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often dresses as a man in order to move about more freely than custom ordinarily allows; she goes out to get what she wants rather than waiting for things to come to her in her inner chambers. One of her mottos is, 'Though in body I am a woman, in ambition I suprass men' (BGZ, chap. 1,6).

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In 2004, sales of romance novels in Australia increased 28% over the year before. Between 1999 and 2004 there was an increase of 40–50% in the number of new titles released. Harlequin, which received 20,000 unsolicited manuscripts each year, found that women are 99% of romance readers.

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is important; an Avon executive observed that "The phone never rings, the baby never cries and the rent's never overdue in romances." There are many publishers, libraries, bookstores, and literary critics who continue to go by the traditional definition of romance to categorize books.

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were also expected to address contemporary issues where appropriate. Silhouette soon saw their market share expand, and in 1984, Harlequin acquired them. Despite the acquisition, Silhouette continued to retain editorial control and to publish various lines under their own imprint.

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as a book of letter templates. Richardson accepted the request, but only if the letters had a moral purpose. As Richardson was writing the series of letters turned into a story. Writing in a new form, the novel, Richardson attempted to both instruct and entertain. Richardson wrote

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Most contemporary romance novels contain elements that date the books. The majority of them eventually become irrelevant to more modern readers and go out of print. Those that survive the test of time, such as Jane Austen's work, are often reclassified as historical romances.

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Harlequin sold almost $ 70 million of its paperback romances in 1979 through 100,000 supermarkets and other stores, giving the company almost 10% of the market for paperback books. That year the company began distributing its own books in the United States instead of through

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Romantic suspense involves an intrigue or mystery for the protagonists to solve. Typically, however, the heroine is the victim of a crime or attempted crime, and works with a hero, who tends to be in a field where he would serve as a protector, such as a police officer,

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Along with cowboys and horses, the authors were told to skip ethnic heroes and not to let family members steal too much of the limelight. "But secret babies sell quite well, as do marriages of convenience, or arranged marriages and, of course, alpha heroes," Stoecker

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Harlequin had also failed to adapt quickly to the signs that readers appreciated novels with more explicit sex scenes, and in 1980, several publishers entered the category romance market to fill that gap. That year, Dell launched their Candlelight Ecstasy line with

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began releasing hardback romance novels. The books were sold through weekly two-penny libraries and were known as "the books in brown" for their brown binding. In the 1950s, the company began offering the books for sale through newsagents across the United Kingdom.

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element with either the hero or the heroine traveling into the past or the future. Between 2002 and 2004, the number of paranormal romances published in the United States doubled to 170 per year. A popular title in the genre can sell over 500,000 copies.

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explicitly detailed. Many novels in this genre also focus on the hero or heroine's faith, turning the love story into "a triangle: the man and the woman and also their relationship with God." Themes such as forgiveness, honesty, and fidelity are common.

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of suspense, as it may seem obvious that the hero and heroine will eventually resolve their issues, and wonder whether it is beneficial "for women to be whiling away so many hours reading impossibly glamorized love stories." According to fiction author

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There is a lot of controversy among romance authors about what should and should not be included in plots of romance novels. Some romance novel authors and readers believe the genre has additional restrictions, from plot considerations (such as the

1153:. Although these heroines had active roles in the plot, they were "passive in relationships with the heroes." Across the genre, heroines during this time were usually aged 16–21, with the heroes slightly older, usually around 30. The women were 2538: 703:, a sort of manual which codified social and domestic behavior of men, women, and servants, as well as a narrative in order to provide a more morally concerned literature option for young audiences. This conduct book genre has a long history. 1434:

distribution—often worldwide—and a single U.S. print run, remaining on a bookseller's shelves until they are sold out or until the next month's titles are released and take their place. Writers for the largest publisher of category romance,

1091:, and, like the category romances, was distributed in drug stores and other mass-market merchandising outlets. The novel went on to sell 2.35 million copies. Avon followed its release with the 1974 publication of Woodiwiss' second novel, 2057:. Some of the dominant themes of chick lit are a single woman's journey through career, high-powered work environment, personal life, relationships, motherhood, and parenting. Some subcategories of this genre are baby lit and mummy lit. 1018:, where it ridicules: "There are thousands of such "caizi jiaren" books, and yet they are all alike!". Moreover, these Chinese romance novels would also go on to have an enduring influence on both Eastern and Western literatures. 1934:

norm, with a large majority of books expressing explicitly abolitionist and activist views. In contemporary black love, themes of activism are not as dominant, however normally are still included. Popular authors include

475:). Other disagreements have centered on the firm requirement for a happy ending; some readers admit stories without a happy ending, if the focus of the story is on the romantic love between the two main characters (e.g., 1974:

believes this is due to the fact that there are fewer Asian-American women who read romances: "We read romances because we want to feel good about love...in order to do that, the reader must identify with the heroine."

1670:. By the end of the novel, the mystery is resolved and the interaction between the hero and heroine has evolved into a solid relationship. These novels primarily take place in contemporary times, but authors such as 309:

A thriving genre of works conventionally referred to as "romance novels" existed in ancient Greece. Other precursors can be found in the literary fiction of the 18th and 19th centuries, including Samuel Richardson's

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Erotic romances' lengths run from short stories to single-title novels. Some of these are published as part of a category, such as Harlequin Blaze, while others are published as part of an anthology and are only

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featured an overweight, middle-aged hero who had to make drastic changes to his lifestyle to win the heroine, while a 1987 Dailey novel involved an ugly hero and a heroine who was searching for her birth mother.

732:, like Edgeworth and Austen, wrote literary fiction that influenced later popular fiction. While Maria Edgeworth introduced the orphaned heroine archetype in her Romantic works Belinda (1801) and Helen (1834), 5124: 5596: 463:") is not directly a subcategory of the romance novel genre, because in women's fiction the heroine's relationship with her family or friends may be as important as her relationship with the hero. 1409:

Romance novels are divided into two sub-sets, category romances, also known as series romances, and single title romances. Many authors write only within one of the formats, but others, including

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While the literary fiction romance continued to develop in the 20th century, the new subgenre of genre fiction, which first developed in the 19th century, started to become more popular after the

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only the individual), in the sense that romance and partner choice is generally a prerequisite to have offspring and continue maintaining the human species in future generations of humankind.

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Category romance lines were slower to react to some of the changes that had swept the historical romance subgenre. Despite the fact that the former Mills & Boon lines were now owned by a

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has been a fast-growing subgenre, especially with the rise of indie publishing and social media granting access to doors that are normally closed. Male/male romance leads the subgenre, but

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Over half of the romantic fiction published in the United States in 2004 (1,468 out of 2,285 books) were contemporary romance novels. Contemporary romance novels have twice been chosen by

1340:, a romance novel "perpetuates something slightly dangerous, that there's this notion, that there's this perfect love out there, and it can distract you from the work of loving yourself." 1967:

several of the ENCANTO authors have continued writing novels with Latino protagonists, namely Sylvia Mendoza, Tracy Montoya, Caridad Pineiro, Berta Platas, Lara Rios and Lynda Sandoval.

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are known, but most of them have only survived in an incomplete, fragmentary form. Only five ancient Greek romance novels have survived to the present day in a state of near-completion:

1911:) fiction are all featured prominently, with multiple small publishing houses leading the way. The romantic relationship is the central story, and focus is usually taken off of trauma. 1221:

The genre continued to expand in the mid-to-late 1980s, as publishers realized that the more popular authors were often those who stretched the boundaries of the genre. A 1984 novel by

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in the US. Nancy Coffey was the senior editor who negotiated a multi-book deal with Woodiwiss. In the UK, the romance genre was long established through the works of prolific author,

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academic scholarship examining romance novels has increased enormously in the last few decades. Scholars are analysing the significance and impact of the genre, increasingly from a

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perspective in the fiction at times can be much less successful in a European market. Although Italy is the strongest foreign market for the chick lit sold by single-title imprint

389:, which contain many tropes and stereotypes, some of which, have recently been edited out of some of her novels. In the 1950s emerging bestselling British romance writers included 4720: 3410:

Apart from the intrinsic importance of this translation as a document in literary history, it is significant as the first extensive translation of any kind by a native of England.

1005:. These novels reached their peak of popularity in the late Ming and early Qing periods, during the 17th century, when a myriad of novels of this type were sold and distributed. 2158: 1393:

Fiction. However, both scholarly analysis and the conversations between Gabaldon and her publisher about whether to market the books as romances, reveal that the discourse about

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The 21st century brought additional changes to the genre that included diversifying main characters and plots to incorporate identities that had not previously been represented.

506:, featuring rich, glamorous people traveling to exotic locations. Many romance readers disagree that Steel writes romance at all, considering her novels more mainstream fiction. 1649:

In 2001, 778 mass-market historical romances were published, a 10-year high. By 2004, the annual number had dropped to 486, which was still 20% of all romance novels published.

6058: 4847: 1296:. However, it is still rare to find romance novels in which there are characters with cognitive disabilities, and they are most likely to be included as secondary characters. 5866: 1053:

On October 1, 1971, Harlequin purchased Mills & Boon. By this point, the romance novel genre "had been popularized and distributed widely to an enthusiastic audience" in

7763: 5930: 3845: 1970:

Although romance novels featuring African-Americans and Hispanic protagonists are becoming more popular, those featuring Asian or Asian-American characters are rare. Author

1780:

is science fiction mixed with alternate history which takes place during the Victorian era. It mixes historical elements with technology (for example, the television series

846:("scholar and beauty"), which typically involves a love story between a beautiful and talented maiden and a handsome young scholar. Some examples of these novels include 3340: 2110:

in Germany refuse to allow their romance authors to use their own names, fearing that readers will not buy a romance novel that does not have an American pseudonym.

1209:

the genre after 1972, when Woodiwiss' revolutionary novel was published. This means that two-thirds of those surveyed joined the genre after it had begun to change.

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average authors write 1.5 novels per year and have one each year published. Single-title novels remain on the booksellers' shelves at the discretion of the store.

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Paranormal romance blends the real with the fantastic or science fictional. The fantastic elements may be woven into an alternate version of our own world in an

1539:

and some books could be considered a romance subgenre novel and another genre novel at the same time. For example, romantic suspense novels are often similar to

1343:

Romance novelists attribute the stigma to the fact that romance is, according to some, a genre "written almost exclusively by women for women." Romance novelist

1083:

into the bedroom." Aside from its content, the book was revolutionary in that it was one of the first single-title romance novels to be published as an original

444:

that do not specifically relate to the main characters' romantic love. Furthermore, a romance novel must have an "emotionally satisfying and optimistic ending."

1365:

perspective. The profile of the romance genre has also been raised by the financial and critical success of the adaptations of two successful series of novels:

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themes and navigating relationships. While most romance ends with "happily ever after," "happily for now" is generally accepted due to the age of characters.

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74.8 million people read an English-language romance novel in 2008. Harlequin sells more than 4 books per second, half of them internationally. Author

4930: 3256:"Interpreting Love Narratives in East Asian Literature and Film (Ordered & cross-referenced list of key words, phrases, abbreviations and main ideas)" 4302: 455:

sums up the genre, saying: "The books are about the celebration of falling in love and emotion and commitment, and all of those things we really want."

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attributes this to the fact that "emotions translate easily." In the United Kingdom, over 20% of all fiction books sold each year are romance novels.

2051:

or chick literature is named after the readership it attracts (women in their twenties and thirties), and it is said to be inspired by the 1996 novel

4785: 3263: 4812: 3024: 1362: 3941: 3454: 3283:"The Classic 'Beauty-Scholar' Romance and the Superiority of the Talented Woman (section: The Remarkable Woman and Her Relationship with the Man)" 4385: 1282:, featuring a heroine with autism as a significant plot point including a detailed and compassionate portrayal of living and coping with autism. 814: 5819:"Win Free Books For A Year | Changeling Press LLC Women's Sci-Fi, Futuristic, Dark and Urban Fantasy, Paranormal, and Contemporary Romance" 4578: 1397:

labels is more nuanced. In 2022, it was announced that the best-selling "cult" Winston Brother series by self-published "smart-romance" author,

1351:

believes that romance novels are popular because the heroine typically wins, sometimes overcoming great odds so that she is no longer a victim.

433:

One definition of the word "romance" is: "the feelings and behavior of two people who are in a loving and sexual relationship with each other."

6032: 3598: 802:. This is set in 1751, but many of Heyer's novels were inspired by Jane Austen's novels and are set around the time Austen lived, in the later 5347: 3162: 7122: 5468: 4885: 4250: 2935: 2728: 779:

who kidnapped the heroine and won her admiration through his forceful actions. The novel was one of the first modern works to introduce the

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was the first popular novel to be based on a courtship as told from the perspective of the heroine. Unlike many of the novels of the time,

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counters that in the modern romance novel "a woman is rewarded with unconditional love if she remains true to herself," while novelist

1303:

By 2000, the covers had begun to evolve from featuring a scantily clad couple to showing a view of the landscape featured in the novel.

1248:

became the first romance author to transition from writing original mass market paperbacks to being published in hardcover. Her novel,

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labelled as "Number 1 in the XXX Series", but they are not considered series romances because they are not part of a particular line.

7945: 2128:

As of 2014, romance is the most popular literary genre in Russia (chosen 13% of respondents), especially among the younger audience.

6066: 4855: 4686: 3734: 630:

The genre of works of extended prose fiction dealing with romantic love existed in classical Greece. The titles of over twenty such

7451: 5877: 1853: 5943: 4758: 3856: 7770: 2075:

audience had become more educated, with 45% having a college degree, and more than half of the audience worked outside the home.

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says they receive fewer submissions of historical novels, and their previously published authors have switched to contemporary.

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21st century, however, such characters are relatively common and even have their own sub-genres within the romance category.

5028: 3968: 4515: 3379:

1. The Haoqiu zhuan, the First Chinese Novel Translated in Europe: With Special Reference to Percy's and Davis's Renditions

2482: 1711:, and/or demons, or they may be more "normal" manifestations of the paranormal—humans with psychic abilities, witches, or 6463: 6006: 2421: 174: 5165: 4268: 3557: 1115:. The following year over 150 historical romance novels, many of them paperback originals, were published, selling over 5804: 5297: 4000: 2162: 1741: 5558: 4552: 4438: 7537: 7117: 6381: 6340: 6309: 6282: 6258: 5414: 5245: 3746: 3395: 2607: 2322: 1315:

Some important literary figures received critical acclaim for their romance novels. For instance, the Nobel laureate

533:, and some participants in the book industry characterize books dealing with same-sex relationships as F/F, and M/M. 210: 192: 130: 73: 3353: 2564: 718:(1834). An admirer of Edgeworth, Jane Austen, further influenced the Romance genre and Victorian era with her novel 112: 6301: 6089: 5627: 5105: 5071: 3702: 2053: 2539:"Hamish, Agatha and me: Writer on taking up the best-selling pen of MC Beaton, the undisputed queen of cosy crime" 1274:

characters have gained more representation in the romance genre since the turn of the century. The year 2010 saw

163: 6168: 5968: 4938: 4223: 2966: 2274: 1919:

Black love romance is a romance where both main characters and majority of supporting characters are black. The

1141:: They are juicy, cheap, predictable, and devoured in stupefying quantities by legions of loyal fans." The term 7888: 5849: 3302: 2908: 2021:

types of books. Some subjects are still considered taboo, even with erotic romance. Themes such as pedophilia,

1869: 97: 59: 4310: 2141: 2040:(closed 2018). Changeling Press, focused on short-form erotic romance, is still publishing as of March, 2021. 840:

dynasties in China, there was a mass circulation and flourishment of a type of printed romantic novels called

7446: 6858: 1733: 2628: 609: 7848: 7843: 7715: 7000: 6332: 4336: 3376:, the First Chinese Novel Translated in Europe: With Special Reference to Percy's and Davis's Renditions". 3060: 2996: 1880:

Young adult romance has its own subgenres which include contemporary, fantasy, sci-fi, LGBTQIA+, and more.

1014: 4789: 3255: 5188: 4816: 4129: 3294: 1321: 1316: 1189:. In 1980 Simon & Schuster formed Silhouette Books to publish its own romance novels, beginning what 1177:, who has since become the top-selling romance author, because "they already had their American writer." 7956: 5903: 3032: 7883: 6297: 5032: 4971: 4934: 4881: 4851: 4163: 3945: 3377: 2278: 2226: 2151: 672: 437: 315: 303: 529:

Although most romance novels are about heterosexual pairings, there are romance novels that deal with

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meticulously, combining well-planned magical systems and inhuman cultures with contemporary reality.

1435: 1374: 1169:

company, the lines did not have any American writers until 1975, when Harlequin purchased a novel by

711: 353: 5743: 4055:

Schalk, Sami (2016). "Happily Ever After for Whom? Blackness and Disability in Romance Narratives".

3606: 7992: 7828: 7737: 6932: 6373: 6250: 5355: 1348: 1123:

feature scantily clad women being grabbed by the hero, and caused the novels to be referred to as "

1071: 373: 6138: 5476: 4196: 3629: 2943: 2736: 1793:

The first futuristic romance to be marketed by a mainstream romance publisher, Jayne Ann Krentz's

7987: 7914: 7559: 7527: 7387: 7144: 7022: 6456: 5581: 4516:"Combined Print & E-Book Fiction - Best Sellers - Books - Aug. 19, 2018 - The New York Times" 2820: 1682: 1622:. Literary fiction historical romances continue to be published, and a notable recent example is 1438:, can find their novels translated into 26 languages and sold in over 100 international markets. 1366: 969: 108: 34: 4490: 4465:"'Bridgerton' Breaks Own Record: Season 2 Now Netflix's Most-Watched English-Language Show Ever" 1740:

or fantasy novels, keeping the attention strongly on the underlying romance. Others develop the

7919: 7756: 7633: 7532: 7522: 7258: 7072: 3423:"中国才子佳人小説の影響 [The Influence of the Chinese Genius [Scholar] and Beauty Novels]" 642: 568: 523: 519: 5695: 5445: 3524: 3282: 2885: 2656: 2389:

The dangerous lover: Gothic villains, Byronism, and the nineteenth-century seduction narrative

1773:

has published many erotic romances with fantasy themes and other-worldly heroes and heroines.

7924: 7904: 7818: 7542: 7367: 7362: 7342: 7243: 6696: 6369: 4975: 3752: 2791: 2770: 2231: 1984: 1762: 1035: 368: 231: 302:. Women have traditionally been the primary readers of romance novels, but according to the 7813: 7618: 7441: 7067: 6780: 6664: 6592: 6226: 3973: 2850: 2846: 2660: 2241: 1857: 1564: 588: 287: 6201: 8: 7878: 7705: 7547: 7497: 7465: 7404: 7357: 7129: 7112: 7107: 7100: 7060: 7012: 6920: 6823: 6805: 6676: 5093: 4694: 1954:, although some multicultural lines also include Asian or Hispanic heroes or heroines or 1830: 1328: 1182: 1133: 1080: 724:(1813), which was called "the best romance novel ever written." In the early part of the 720: 631: 4908: 3630:"From chiseled abs to discrete illustrations: How romance covers have changed over time" 733: 327:, the British author of historical romance set around the time Austen lived, as well as 276: 7858: 7833: 7683: 7678: 7668: 7608: 7554: 7322: 7312: 7086: 7055: 7042: 6853: 6838: 6795: 6755: 6681: 6632: 6449: 6268: 6244: 5721: 5217: 4762: 4553:"'The Winston Brothers': Penny Reid's Cult Romance Series to Be Adapted for Television" 4107: 4072: 3401: 3001: 1856:, when Silhouette launched their Silhouette Inspirations line. The books were aimed at 1782: 1719:, futuristic, and extraterrestrial romances also fall beneath the paranormal umbrella. 1694: 1593: 1552: 1050:. Intimacy in the novels never extended beyond a chaste kiss between the protagonists. 938: 848: 563: 456: 295: 291: 159: 104: 65: 6394:. Ed. Hans Ostrom and J. David Macey, Jr. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2005. 1411-15 4439:"Diana Gabaldon on Why Outlander Isn't Really a Romance and Writing Her First Episode" 1861:

rejoined the market with the 1998 launch of its Steeple Hill and Love Inspired lines.

1157:, while the men were not, and both members of the couple were described as beautiful. 509:

Mass-market or formulaic romance novels are sometimes referred to as "smut" or female

7997: 7808: 7688: 7574: 7492: 7458: 7382: 7352: 7317: 7287: 7032: 6990: 6985: 6915: 6910: 6882: 6848: 6813: 6523: 6426: 6377: 6363: 6336: 6305: 6278: 6254: 6230: 6208: 5845: 5747: 5661: 5324: 5296:. The Canada Research CHair Humanities Computing Studio. May 25, 2004. Archived from 5164:. The Canada Research Chair Humanities Computing Studio. May 21, 2005. Archived from 5101: 5066: 4603: 4523: 4359: 4171: 4137: 4111: 4076: 3742: 3405: 3391: 3298: 2603: 2490: 2456: 2403: 2393: 2318: 1845: 1540: 1337: 1293: 1288: 975: 772: 759: 743: 678: 668: 648: 623: 578: 538: 495: 397:(pen name M.C. Beaton), who was known more widely for her detective series featuring 390: 328: 311: 268: 170: 4030: 2515: 1107:. The latter sold two million copies in its first three months of release. By 1975, 7982: 7823: 7628: 7470: 7372: 7347: 7337: 7332: 7307: 7211: 7027: 7017: 6975: 6765: 6730: 6649: 6617: 6533: 6508: 6480: 6324: 4099: 4064: 3648: 3383: 2033: 1963: 1951: 1808: 1770: 1650: 1629: 1599: 1548: 1425: 1414: 1354: 1275: 1227: 981: 768: 477: 357: 6719: 6183: 5768: 5530: 1008:

The overwhelming prevalence of this type of romance novels was famously mocked in

7863: 7673: 7623: 7613: 7480: 7436: 7419: 7327: 6670: 6597: 6582: 6528: 6351: 6172: 5499: 5036: 4682: 3978: 3730: 2758: 2312: 2017: 1935: 1818: 1737: 1643: 1612: 1443: 1410: 1358: 1344: 1222: 1096: 1027: 795: 750: 707: 593: 573: 558: 386: 345: 324: 299: 264: 24: 5595:

Dunford, Natalie; Dyer, Lucinda; Holt, Karen; Rosen, Judith (December 1, 2003).

5418: 3735:"This Is Not Your Mother's Cinderella: The Romance Novel as Feminist Fairy Tale" 1137:

article in 1980 referred to these bodice rippers as "publishing's answer to the

543: 348:

began releasing romance novels for women in the 1930s. Their books were sold in

7950: 7909: 7661: 7640: 7426: 7414: 7282: 7253: 7005: 6843: 6760: 6745: 6503: 6359: 6355: 3435: 3286: 2633: 2114: 1971: 1924: 1795: 1370: 1232: 920: 803: 799: 764: 710:, influenced Victorian era motifs and authors with many of her works including 614: 536:

Many famous literary fiction romance novels end tragically. Examples include:

503: 398: 394: 381:. This was the first single-title romance novel to be published as an original 341: 333: 256: 3387: 3244:("caizi jiaren"), meaning "a handsome and talented man and a beautiful woman". 263:

ending. Authors who have contributed to the development of this genre include

7976: 7793: 7722: 7587: 7475: 7431: 7297: 7267: 7206: 7164: 6947: 6925: 6872: 6712: 6691: 6686: 6538: 6518: 6498: 6274: 4527: 4175: 4141: 2494: 2460: 2387: 2216: 2208: 2118: 1955: 1874: 1758: 1700: 1632: 1544: 1394: 1245: 1238: 1166: 1054: 998: 932: 914: 872: 725: 715: 654: 548: 448: 402: 349: 252: 5582:"15 Must Read Black Authored Historical Romance Novels of the Last 25 Years" 4004: 3434:

This paper will describe the influence of the Genius and Beauty Romances on

2483:"'You Can't Hide It': Georgette Heyer and the Perils of Posthumous Revision" 2407: 742:(1847). Brontë's romance incorporates elements of both the gothic novel and 7727: 7592: 6965: 6701: 6642: 6587: 6560: 3687: 3422: 2236: 2221: 1920: 1787: 1671: 1607: 1570: 1186: 1174: 1170: 1128: 990: 986: 961: 956: 950: 944: 926: 902: 896: 890: 854: 842: 837: 833: 791: 780: 700: 468: 452: 425: 5249: 1852:

The first line of series inspirational romances debuted shortly after the

7961: 7732: 7698: 7693: 7302: 7292: 7238: 7216: 7050: 6937: 6750: 6735: 6706: 6659: 6602: 6577: 6565: 6115: 4103: 3134: 3116: 2013: 1994: 1939: 1900: 1888: 1724: 1716: 1636: 1378: 1283: 1260: 1244:

The romance novel began to expand in other ways as well. In 1989, author

884: 878: 553: 530: 510: 361: 320: 272: 236: 6093: 794:

developed in the early 19th century, is seen as beginning in 1921, when

7940: 7803: 7582: 7487: 7179: 7095: 7090: 6770: 6740: 6488: 4386:"Success of hit TV show Outlander to be explored at Glasgow conference" 4068: 3322: 2147: 2026: 1929: 1904: 1844:

Inspirational romance, as the market exists today, combines explicitly

1766: 1581: 1150: 1066: 1009: 1002: 908: 866: 860: 820: 776: 775:

as the top male actor of the time. The hero of this book was an iconic

754: 667:

Precursors of the modern popular love-romance can also be found in the

660: 583: 378: 260: 2594:

Kamblé, Jayashree; Murphy Selinger, Eric; Teo, Hsu-Ming, eds. (2020).

1950:

Multicultural romance typically features a hero and/or heroine who is

1241:

began introducing a great deal of humor into her historical romances.

19:

This article is about the type of genre fiction. For the novel titled

7509: 7272: 7194: 6995: 6895: 6818: 6775: 6725: 6637: 6572: 6513: 6493: 6472: 6165: 5972: 5321:"Paranormal Romance and Urban Fantasy—defining two popular subgenres" 4227: 2970: 2599: 2282: 2048: 1908: 1777: 1667: 1624: 1401:, has been optioned for a television adaptation by Tomorrow Studios. 1199: 1088: 1084: 1047: 1043: 994: 738: 499: 491: 460: 382: 6654: 6407:"Beyond Bodice-Rippers: How Romance Novels Came to Embrace Feminism" 2912: 1642:

This subgenre includes a wide variety of other subgenres, including

729: 115:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 7710: 7517: 7201: 7169: 7081: 7076: 6955: 6900: 6833: 6790: 6555: 6544: 5818: 5535: 4653: 2992: 2146:

The most prestigious and notable awards for romance novels are the

2037: 1896: 1708: 1606:

which the plot takes place in a setting located in the past, which

636: 482: 472: 2360: 2202: 2121:, in that country romance readers do not care to read books about 1927:

wrote what was arguably the first African American romance novel,

790:

The popular, mass market version of the historical romance, which

409:

genre and plot, as well as creating more contemporary characters.

7645: 7409: 7277: 7233: 7228: 7158: 6980: 6970: 6785: 6607: 6328: 6143: 5969:"MyRWA : The Romance Genre : Romance Reader Statistics" 2006: 2002: 1990: 1892: 1704: 1618: 1603: 1386: 1154: 1138: 514: 441: 283: 259:

between two people, typically with an emotionally satisfying and

229:"Oh Edward! How can you?", a late-19th-century illustration from 7748: 3341:"Goethe Reading Chinese Novels: The Origins of World Literature 2306: 2304: 2302: 2300: 1674:

have broadened the genre to also include historical timeframes.

1610:

helped popularize in the early 19th century, with works such as

1149:

characterized by weak females who fell in love with overbearing

7649: 7399: 7184: 6960: 6867: 6626: 5938: 4251:"Books of The Times; Garcia Marquez Novel Covers Love and Time" 3260:

UC Berkeley Open Book Publishing Pressbooks Publishing Platform

2122: 2022: 2005:

length. Even single-title erotic romances may be as short as a

1271: 1124: 1065:

In the US, modern romance genre fiction was born in 1972, with

746:, and "demonstrate the flexibility of the romance novel form." 618: 419:

together, and preferably married or planning to be by page 192.

225: 5246:"My Heroine is in Love With the Killer! Romantic Suspense 101" 2763:"I Know What It Is When I Read It: Defining the Romance Genre" 1942:, Rebecca Weatherspoon, Kennedy Ryan, and Christina C. Jones. 471:' meeting early on in the story), to avoiding themes (such as 7656: 7223: 7174: 7152: 6905: 6890: 4412:"How Bridgerton Officially Became Netflix's Biggest Hit Ever" 4269:"Thomas Pynchon's 1988 review of Love in the Time of Cholera" 2297: 1814: 1761:, Harlequin's LUNA and MIRA, Pocket Books, Kensington Books, 1712: 1382: 1145:

is now considered offensive to many in the romance industry.

1039: 767:. The novel, which became hugely popular, was adapted into a 6441: 4090:

Cheyne, Ria (2013). "Disability Studies Reads the Romance".

2847:"9 tragic love stories to read after seeing 'Me Before You'" 2422:"Before Bridgerton: how Georgette Heyer re-invented Regency" 1555:

use elements popular in science fiction and fantasy novels.

7394: 7189: 6550: 2596:

The Routledge Research Companion to Popular Romance Fiction

2317:. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 1–16. 1111:

had reported that the "Avon originals" had sold a combined

2516:"Show remembers Catherine Cookson two decades after death" 736:

later adapted the archetype for the Victorian audience in

613:

A nineteenth-century painting by the Swiss-French painter

6392:

The Greenwood Encyclopedia of African American Literature

5844:(2nd ed.). Australia: Allen & Unwin. p. 8. 3558:"The Romance Writers of America convention is just super" 1663: 1060: 4003:. All About Romance Novels. May 25, 2003. Archived from 2593: 5294:

Text in Transit: A guide to genre in Popular Literature

5162:

Text in Transit: A guide to genre in Popular Literature

4197:"Sports And Romance Novels: A Match Made In ... Hockey" 3474: 3472: 2449:"Stephen Fry on the enduring appeal of Georgette Heyer" 1681:

This blend of the romance and mystery was perfected by

367:

An early American example of a mass-market romance was

6404: 5100:(reprint ed.), London: Pimlico, pp. 192–96, 4629:"Branding and the use of "Smart Romance" | Penny Reid" 3628:

Headlee, Celeste; Saxena, Kalyani (December 8, 2023).

1813:

Fantasy romance, also known as romantic fantasy, is a

1127:

rippers". Cover arts of this style are referred to as

6007:"Women's Fiction for Europe: 'No cowboys, no babies'" 5783:"Samhain Publishing, Ltd – It's all about the story…" 5098:

Romantic Affinities: Portraits From an Age, 1780–1830

4092:

Journal of Literary & Cultural Disability Studies

3495: 3493: 5594: 5417:. University of Tennessee, Knoxville. Archived from 4909:"Eloisa James: Regencies with a Shakespearean Twist" 4721:"Romance Categories: The Different Kinds of Romance" 4360:"Academic conference to explore Outlander's success" 4285: 3469: 2198: 2012:

Many of the publishers of erotic romance are either

282:

Romance novels encompass various subgenres, such as

5782: 5412: 3811:Walters, Ray (October 12, 1980). "Paperback Talk". 2649: 1584:to be featured in her Reading with Ripa book club. 255:novel that primary focuses on the relationship and 6200: 5929:Linden, Dana Wechsler; Rees, Matt (June 6, 1922). 5858: 5323:. The Romance Writers of Australia. Archived from 3737:. In Kaler, Anne; Johnson-Kurek, Rosemary (eds.). 3490: 3241: 2958: 2032:The market for erotic romances has grown rapidly. 960:. They feature themes influenced by the romantic 6423:Gender Issues in India: Challenges and Strategies 6033:"Romance Writers are Passionate About Their Work" 5895: 5722:"An End to Euphemisms: Is Erotica Right for You?" 5248:. Heart of Denver Romance Writers. Archived from 5152: 5150: 4923: 4357: 4001:"Susan Wiggs - And Now (as usual), Something New" 1095:and two more sexually graphic novels by newcomer 447:Others, including Leslie Gelbman, a president of 7974: 6207:(3rd ed.), Bellingham: Self-Counsel Press, 5685: 5683: 5681: 5679: 4786:"Writing Guidelines: Harlequin Everlasting Love" 4761:. Romance Novelists' Association. Archived from 4680: 1468:Subgenre popularity in the United States (2006) 5715: 5713: 5282: 5054: 3804: 3580: 3578: 3163:"An introduction to Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded" 3054: 3052: 3050: 2685: 2683: 2681: 2679: 2677: 1786:(1965–1969)). Authors in this subgenre include 1628:(2009), a multi-award-winning novel by English 1319:received critical praise for his romance novel 1021: 6365:The Reader's Companion to U.S. Women's History 5189:"Love stories with suspense, humor top charts" 5147: 5007: 5005: 4995: 4993: 4870: 4654:"Tomorrow Studios, an ITV Studios partnership" 2871: 2869: 2867: 2841: 2839: 2837: 7764: 6457: 6118:(in Russian). The Rating Center. June 4, 2014 5676: 4676: 4674: 3627: 2811: 2809: 2782: 2780: 2344: 828:), collection of the Harvard-Yenching Library 7873: 6090:"Impressions from a Romance Reader Overseas" 6000: 5998: 5996: 5994: 5992: 5990: 5719: 5710: 5588: 5092: 4744: 4742: 4714: 4712: 4658:Tomorrow Studios, an ITV Studios partnership 3935: 3933: 3931: 3810: 3575: 3518: 3516: 3514: 3047: 2674: 5619: 5433: 5239: 5237: 5235: 5023: 5021: 5019: 5017: 5002: 4990: 4840: 4491:"On Outlander, Romance, and Diana Gabaldon" 3682: 3680: 3551: 3549: 3547: 3545: 3352:Institute for Asian and African Studies at 2864: 2834: 177:of quality, and to make it neutral in tone. 74:Learn how and when to remove these messages 7853: 7838: 7771: 7757: 6464: 6450: 6137:Bantick, Christopher (February 13, 2004). 6051: 5928: 5692:"Getting to Know the Erotic Romance Field" 5625: 5211: 5209: 4962: 4960: 4958: 4956: 4804: 4671: 4330: 4328: 3592: 3590: 3453:. Harlequin Mills and Boon. Archived from 2969:. All About Romance Novels. Archived from 2933: 2927: 2911:. All About Romance Novels. Archived from 2806: 2777: 2751: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2165:. The award is separated into categories: 1747: 1160: 783:, a theme explored in Samuel Richardson's 513:, and are the most popular form of modern 6405:Luther, Jessica Luther (March 18, 2013). 6220: 6081: 6005:Povoledo, Elisabetta (October 18, 2004). 5987: 5400: 5339: 4931:"Romance Literature Statistics: Overview" 4777: 4739: 4709: 4576: 4462: 3939: 3928: 3725: 3723: 3649:"A Brief History of the Clinch | Hazlitt" 3522: 3511: 3058: 3022: 3016: 2392:. Columbus: Ohio State University Press. 2269: 2267: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2257: 1989:Erotic romance is a blend of romance and 1569:Contemporary romance, which is set after 1417:, have achieved success in both formats. 211:Learn how and when to remove this message 193:Learn how and when to remove this message 131:Learn how and when to remove this message 16:Genre novel on the theme of romantic love 6318: 6266: 6130: 6087: 6004: 5901: 5864: 5736: 5345: 5232: 5118: 5116: 5014: 4900: 4831: 4550: 4436: 4409: 4288:The Metaphysics Of The Love Of The Sexes 4248: 4161: 3686: 3677: 3555: 3542: 3321:From the quote "至若佳人才子等書，則又千部共出一套" from 2909:"Laurie's News and Views - Issue No. 30" 2565:"The romance novel sales boom continues" 2536: 2154:to the best novels in romantic fiction. 2142:Romance Writers of America § Awards 2082: 1945: 1839: 1449: 1424: 1292:, for example, focuses on the heroine's 813: 608: 224: 6136: 6024: 5922: 5645: 5626:Adlerstein, David (September 8, 2000). 5346:Luscombe, Belinda (February 19, 2006). 5312: 5206: 4953: 4813:"Writing Guidelines: Silhouette Desire" 4488: 4334: 4325: 4301:Hall, Melissa Mia (February 23, 2004). 4024: 4022: 3844:Barrett, Mary Ellin (January 9, 1983). 3843: 3741:. Bowling Green Press. pp. 51–61. 3596: 3587: 3382:. Brill. January 2003. pp. 29–37. 3280: 3253: 2790:. Dorchester Publishing. Archived from 2722: 2720: 2718: 2716: 2616: 2310: 2159:Romantic Novel of the Year Award (RoNA) 1558: 1087:, rather than being first published in 7975: 7868: 7135:Types of fiction with multiple endings 6294:A Natural History of the Romance Novel 6242: 6184:Romantic Novelist's Association Awards 6166:Romance Writers of America RITA Awards 6030: 5689: 5651: 5569:from the original on January 31, 2023. 5491: 5460: 5439: 5318: 5215: 4383: 4221: 4215: 4162:Luscombe, Belinda (December 5, 2011). 4089: 4054: 3960: 3837: 3729: 3720: 3274: 2900: 2757: 2347:A Natural History of the Romance Novel 2254: 2150:, which are presented annually by the 1864: 1824: 1061:Beginnings of American romance fiction 7752: 6445: 6425:. Ed. Som, S. Kolkata: Rupali, 2017 ( 6291: 6270:Romance Fiction: A Guide to the Genre 6198: 5580:Bell, Carole V. (February 29, 2020). 5557:Bell, Carole V. (February 21, 2020). 5497: 5466: 5415:"A Few Thoughts on the Fantasy Genre" 5388: 5376: 5113: 5062:"The Year in Books 2003: Mass Market" 4810: 4546: 4544: 4410:Robinson, Joanna (January 27, 2021). 4130:"The Changing Face of Romance Novels" 4127: 4123: 4121: 4050: 4048: 3556:Zaitchik, Alexander (July 22, 2003). 3443: 3365: 3160: 2875: 2589: 2587: 2585: 2481:Alter, Alexandra (October 30, 2023). 2480: 1914: 1776:There is overlap in these subgenres. 1688: 1587: 1310: 1075:, which was the first of the modern " 1026:In the 1930s, the British publishers 6390:Nishikawa, Kinohi. "Romance Novel." 6349: 5902:McDowell, Edwin (January 10, 1982). 5839: 5579: 5556: 5413:William C. Robinson (October 2004). 5180: 5122: 4783: 4751: 4723:. Romance Ever After. Archived from 4718: 4437:Vineyard, Jennifer (June 18, 2016). 4300: 4294: 4029:Park, Michael Y. (August 28, 2002). 4028: 4019: 3966: 3415: 3247: 3087:"Of supple breasts and manly chests" 3084: 3078: 2964: 2906: 2817:"9 Love Stories with Tragic Endings" 2726: 2713: 2562: 2537:McDonald, Sally (October 19, 2020). 2385: 2381: 2379: 2377: 1903:, genderqueer, and ace-spectrum (or 1656: 1635:. However, the focus here is on the 142: 80: 39: 6092:. All About Romance. Archived from 5769:"End of Ellora's Cave – UNSUITABLE" 5694:. Writing-World.Com. Archived from 5467:Duffy, Martha (November 13, 1995). 5444:. Writing-world.Com. Archived from 5243: 5186: 5070:. November 17, 2003. Archived from 4249:Kakutani, Michiko (April 6, 1988). 4226:. All About Romance. Archived from 3993: 3646: 3266:from the original on June 6, 2023. 3061:"The Online World of Female Desire" 3023:Faircloth, Kelly (April 28, 2005). 2991: 2985: 2934:Bellafante, Gina (August 8, 1994). 2446: 2349:. University of Pennsylvania Press. 2029:are discouraged by all publishers. 1883: 1420: 1069:publication of Kathleen Woodiwiss' 306:, 16% of men read romance novels. 13: 6398: 6139:"A Quiver Through the Bookshelves" 6035:. Voice of America. Archived from 6031:Larsen, Kristin (August 9, 2005). 5440:Marble, Anne M. (September 2002). 4551:Boccella, Maggie (July 13, 2022). 4541: 4489:Tripler, Jessica (June 22, 2016). 4463:Lattanzio, Ryan (April 19, 2022). 4118: 4045: 3597:Darrach, Brad (January 17, 1977). 3291:Body, Subject & Power in China 2582: 1802: 1598:Historical romance, also known as 985:, as well as the popular works of 364:merchandisers to carry the books. 14: 8009: 7778: 7538:Third-person omniscient narrative 6437: 5867:"The Liberation of Pulp Romances" 5559:"Black Romance Novels Matter Too" 4335:Leopold, Todd (August 11, 2000). 4222:Witmer, Karyn (August 28, 2006). 4128:Alter, Alexandra (July 7, 2018). 3523:Athitakis, Mark (July 25, 2001). 3338: 3161:Doody, Margaret (June 21, 2018). 2876:White, Pamela (August 15, 2002). 2374: 1978: 1216: 55:This article has multiple issues. 6302:University of Pennsylvania Press 6177: 6159: 6108: 6059:"Labour of love a boon for Mary" 5961: 5833: 5811: 5797: 5775: 5761: 5690:Marble, Anne M. (January 2005). 5573: 5550: 5523: 5514: 5406: 5394: 5382: 5370: 5273: 5264: 5187:Day, Michele (August 13, 2002). 5086: 4906: 4815:. eHarlequin.com. Archived from 4788:. eHarlequin.com. Archived from 4646: 4621: 4596: 3944:. Romantic Times. Archived from 3801:Regis (2003), pp. 158, 183, 184. 3451:"Mills & Boon - Our History" 2563:King, Rachel (August 21, 2021). 2447:Fry, Stephen (October 1, 2021). 2201: 2065: 1769:, and NAL. The e-Book publisher 1079:" romance novels to follow "the 809: 147: 85: 44: 6243:Pianka, Phyllis Taylor (1998), 6065:. June 14, 2007. Archived from 5805:"Publisher Loose Id is Closing" 5193:The Enquirer (Cincinnati, Ohio) 5123:Dyer, Lucinda (June 13, 2005). 4570: 4508: 4482: 4456: 4430: 4403: 4377: 4351: 4279: 4261: 4242: 4189: 4155: 4083: 3967:Bird, Sarah (August 16, 1991). 3919: 3910: 3901: 3892: 3883: 3874: 3828: 3819: 3795: 3786: 3777: 3768: 3759: 3668: 3659: 3640: 3621: 3502: 3481: 3332: 3315: 3234: 3225: 3216: 3207: 3198: 3189: 3180: 3154: 3145: 3127: 3109: 3085:Hank, Melissa (March 5, 2007). 2556: 2530: 2163:Romantic Novelists' Association 1854:1980 U.S. presidential election 771:(1921), which established star 331:. Heyer's first romance novel, 63:or discuss these issues on the 6926:Conflict between good and evil 6088:Fritsche, Vivien (July 1999). 5865:Thurston, Carol (April 1983). 5652:Nguyen, Lan (September 2005). 5632:South Florida Business Journal 5442:"Writing Time Travel Romances" 4968:"Romance Literature Subgenres" 4384:Forbes, Ellie (May 12, 2023). 4057:The Journal of Popular Culture 3354:Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 3254:Wallace, John R. (June 2019). 3135:"Listopia > M M Book Lists" 3117:"Listopia > F F Book Lists" 2967:"At the Back Fence Issue #197" 2965:Gold, Laurie (March 1, 2005). 2907:Gold, Laurie (July 30, 1997). 2697:. July 2, 2001. Archived from 2508: 2474: 2440: 2414: 2353: 2338: 2314:Collected Ancient Greek Novels 1381:, by paid television network, 604: 1: 6471: 6192: 5931:"I'm Hungry But Not For Food" 5531:"Love Inspired Facebook page" 4286:Schopenhauer, Arthur (2013). 3025:"Who Wrote the Book of Love?" 2727:Gray, Paul (March 20, 2000). 2157:Another notable award is the 412: 6333:University of Illinois Press 6277:: Libraries Unlimited, Inc. 6223:How to Write a Romance Novel 5720:Cooper-Posey, Tracy (2004). 5469:"The Almighty To The Rescue" 3942:"Review of Smoke in Mirrors" 3151:Regis (2003), pp. 63, 64, 66 3059:Ogas, Ogi (April 30, 2011). 2361:"Home - Corporate Harlequin" 2043: 1959:made-for-television movies. 1462: 1022:Rise of the category romance 1015:The Dream of the Red Chamber 824:(translated into English as 632:ancient Greek romance novels 393:, followed in the 1980s, by 7: 5500:"Christian Romance Novels?" 5270:Regis (2003), pp. 143, 144. 4224:"Of Books and Baby Boomers" 3825:Regis (2003), pp. 156, 159. 3774:Thurston (1987), pp. 46-47. 3295:University of Chicago Press 2194: 1322:Love in the Time of Cholera 615:Marc Gabriel Charles Gleyre 111:the claims made and adding 10: 8014: 6419:Bodice-ripper and Feminism 6298:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 6267:Ramsdell, Kristin (1999). 5842:The Art of Romance Writing 5218:"The Subgenres of Romance" 5125:"Romance: In Its Own Time" 5033:Romance Writers of America 4972:Romance Writers of America 4935:Romance Writers of America 4882:Romance Writers of America 4852:Romance Writers of America 4303:"Wickedly Savage Passions" 3846:"Pure as the Driven Slush" 3636:. Boston University. WBUR. 3213:Regis (2003), pp. 125-126. 3204:Regis (2003), pp. 115–117. 2629:"Expanding Romance Market" 2311:Reardon, Bryan P. (1989). 2279:Romance Writers of America 2227:List of romantic novelists 2152:Romance Writers of America 2139: 2060: 1982: 1828: 1806: 1692: 1591: 1562: 1436:Harlequin/Mills & Boon 1404: 826:A Destiny in Two Paintings 673:Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded 599: 438:Romance Writers of America 316:Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded 304:Romance Writers of America 32: 18: 7933: 7897: 7786: 7601: 7573: 7565:Stream of unconsciousness 7508: 7252: 7143: 7096:Falling action/Catastasis 7041: 6946: 6881: 6804: 6616: 6479: 6221:Palmquist, Susan (2012), 6171:January 13, 2010, at the 5904:"The Paperback Evolution" 5785:. Smhn.com. March 1, 2017 5628:"Multicultural Book Room" 4577:Walker |, Anne Browning. 3783:Regis (2003), pp. 155–156 3388:10.1163/9789004485914_006 2135: 1602:, is a broad category of 1250:A Knight in Shining Armor 690:Richardson began writing 354:Harlequin Enterprises Ltd 337:(1921), was set in 1751. 319:(1740) and the novels of 239:, a pioneer of the genre 6933:Self-fulfilling prophecy 6374:Houghton Mifflin Company 6319:Thurston, Carol (1987). 5216:Marble, Anne M. (2001). 4759:"About Romantic Fiction" 4337:"Writing from the heart" 3940:Gelsomino, Tara (2002). 3327:Dream of the Red Chamber 2247: 1349:Susan Elizabeth Phillips 1072:The Flame and the Flower 374:The Flame and the Flower 360:to readers and allowing 33:Not to be confused with 7560:Stream of consciousness 7023:Suspension of disbelief 6199:Grant, Vanessa (2007), 5029:"Readership Statistics" 5011:Ramsdell (1999), p. 44. 4999:Ramsdell (1999), p. 43. 4579:"7 Smart Romance Books" 4358:University of Glasgow. 3692:"Rewriting the Romance" 3655:. Penguin Random House. 3478:Thurston (1987), p. 42. 3281:McMahon, Keith (1994). 3065:The Wall Street Journal 3029:The Harvard Independent 2821:Encyclopedia Britannica 2788:"Submission Guidelines" 2767:Romance Writer's Report 2657:"Definition of Romance" 1748:Science fiction romance 1385:and streaming service, 1161:Category romance adapts 617:depicting a scene from 35:Romance (prose fiction) 7101:Denouement/Catastrophe 7082:Rising action/Epitasis 6421:: A New Perspective". 6321:The Romance Revolution 6292:Regis, Pamela (2003). 6063:Cambridge Evening News 5840:Parv, Valerie (2004). 5654:"The Color of Romance" 5348:"Well, Hello, Suckers" 5035:. 2008. Archived from 4937:. 2007. Archived from 4854:. 2008. Archived from 4031:"Reading True Romance" 3880:Thurston, pp. 127-128. 2729:"Passion on the Pages" 2386:Lutz, Deborah (2006). 2345:Regis, Pamela (2007). 2187:Shorter Romantic Novel 2100: 1521:Inspirational romance 1430: 1317:Gabriel García Márquez 829: 706:The Romance novelist, 643:Leucippe and Clitophon 627: 531:same-sex relationships 431: 240: 158:may be written from a 7925:William Collins, Sons 7447:Utopian and dystopian 6370:Boston, Massachusetts 6251:Writer's Digest Books 6246:How to Write Romances 6039:on September 16, 2008 5821:. Changelingpress.com 5520:Thurston, pp 190–192. 5498:Layne, Sandy (2001). 5319:Arthur, Keri (2007). 5279:Regis (2003), p. 146. 5252:on September 29, 2007 4848:"Industry Statistics" 4819:on September 30, 2007 4792:on September 27, 2007 4748:Regis (2003), p. 160. 4687:"Romancing the Store" 4604:"Smart Romance Books" 4007:on September 28, 2007 3889:Regis (2003), p. 157. 3862:on September 27, 2007 3792:Regis (2003), p. 159. 3499:Regis (2003), p. 156. 3325:edition of the novel 3222:Regis (2003), p. 127. 2995:(February 12, 2005). 2946:on September 30, 2007 2936:"Affairs to Remember" 2769:. PAN. Archived from 2232:Gerald Rusgrove Mills 2140:Further information: 2086: 2083:International markets 2054:Bridget Jones's Diary 1985:Erotic romance novels 1964:Kensington Publishing 1946:Multicultural romance 1858:born-again Christians 1840:Inspirational romance 1763:Dorchester Publishing 1497:Contemporary romance 1450:Single-title romances 1428: 1093:The Wolf and the Dove 1036:Harlequin Enterprises 817: 763:was published in the 681:, published in 1740. 637:Chareas and Callirhoe 612: 416: 377:(1972), published by 369:Kathleen E. Woodiwiss 232:Sense and Sensibility 228: 164:neutral point of view 7915:Ladies' Home Journal 7001:Narrative techniques 6781:Story within a story 6593:Supporting character 6350:Toth, Emily (1998). 6225:, Winchester, U.K.: 5975:on December 22, 2013 5698:on February 11, 2007 5607:on November 13, 2007 5290:"Paranormal Romance" 5135:on November 13, 2007 5094:Christiansen, Rupert 5074:on November 13, 2007 4941:on December 23, 2007 4837:Toth (1998), p. 519. 4811:Jeglinski, Melissa. 4697:on November 13, 2007 4583:PublishersWeekly.com 4313:on November 13, 2007 4203:. September 13, 2019 4104:10.3828/jlcds.2013.3 3974:Entertainment Weekly 3834:Regis (2003), p. 184 3755:on February 2, 2009. 3739:Romantic Conventions 3690:(February 3, 2003). 3609:on November 13, 2007 3525:"A Romance Glossary" 3508:Thurston, pp. 46-47. 3487:Regis (2003), p. 185 3231:Regis (2003), p 125. 3195:Regis (2003), p. 85. 2973:on February 12, 2007 2915:on February 11, 2007 2888:on September 4, 2007 2851:Entertainment Weekly 2701:on February 12, 2008 2661:Cambridge Dictionary 2285:on November 26, 2013 2242:Shakespearean comedy 2169:Contemporary Romance 1925:Frances E. W. Harper 1736:than do traditional 1723:Still others have a 1565:Contemporary romance 1559:Contemporary romance 1183:Simon & Schuster 1034:A Canadian company, 993:playwrights such as 970:Yingying's Biography 589:The Song of Achilles 7920:G. P. Putnam's Sons 7706:Political narrative 7548:Unreliable narrator 7405:Speculative fiction 7113:Nonlinear narrative 7061:Three-act structure 6921:Deal with the Devil 5807:. December 2, 2017. 5724:. Writing-world.Com 5479:on January 14, 2005 5220:. Writing-World.Com 5158:"Romantic Suspense" 4878:"Author Statistics" 4719:Hamilton, Melissa. 3981:on October 13, 2007 3969:"Rules of the Game" 3647:Lessard, Victoria. 3599:"Rosemary's Babies" 3584:Thurston, pp 47-48. 3457:on October 13, 2007 3285:. In Zito, Angela; 3186:Regis (2003), p 75. 3167:The British Library 2878:"Romancing Society" 2739:on January 13, 2005 2691:"What's in a Name?" 2275:"The Romance Genre" 2190:Debut Romance Novel 1870:Young adult romance 1865:Young Adult romance 1831:Time-travel romance 1825:Time-travel romance 1630:historical novelist 1553:paranormal romances 1505:Paranormal romance 1489:Historical romance 1469: 1329:Arthur Schopenhauer 1294:Asperger's syndrome 1134:Wall Street Journal 818:Pages of the novel 721:Pride and Prejudice 424:Joan Schulhafer of 160:fan's point of view 7684:Narrative paradigm 7679:Narrative identity 7609:Dominant narrative 7555:Multiple narrators 6839:Fictional location 6682:Dramatic structure 6354:; Gwendolyn Mink; 6116:"What do we read?" 6011:The New York Times 5908:The New York Times 5597:"Toujours l'Amour" 5502:. Write to Inspire 4907:Ward, Jean Marie. 4520:The New York Times 4273:The New York Times 4255:The New York Times 4134:The New York Times 4069:10.1111/jpcu.12491 3948:on October 4, 2007 3813:The New York Times 3002:The New York Times 2487:The New York Times 2172:Historical Romance 2095:The New York Times 1915:Black Love romance 1783:The Wild Wild West 1695:Paranormal romance 1689:Paranormal romance 1594:Historical romance 1588:Historical romance 1513:Romantic suspense 1467: 1446:lines have ended. 1431: 1311:Critical reception 1203:The Tawny Gold Man 1191:The New York Times 939:Erdu mei quanzhuan 849:Ping Shan Leng Yan 830: 661:The Ethiopian Tale 628: 564:Colleen McCullough 323:. Austen inspired 296:paranormal fiction 292:historical romance 241: 96:possibly contains 7970: 7969: 7746: 7745: 7689:Narrative therapy 7123:television series 7068:Freytag's Pyramid 6911:Moral development 6814:Alternate history 6524:False protagonist 6433:). pp. 6–13. 6431:978-93-81669-69-3 6358:; Barbara Smith; 6236:978-1-78099-467-3 6214:978-1-55180-739-3 6096:on April 13, 2007 5748:Avon (publishers) 5601:Publishers Weekly 5327:on April 22, 2007 5129:Publishers Weekly 5067:Publishers Weekly 4888:on March 17, 2016 4784:Eykelhof, Paula. 4727:on August 4, 2007 4691:Publishers Weekly 4685:(July 31, 2006). 4681:Eykelhof, Paula; 4608:www.goodreads.com 4307:Publishers Weekly 4164:"Veteran Affairs" 3344: 2794:on April 30, 2007 2695:Publishers Weekly 2426:www.penguin.co.uk 2399:978-0-8142-1034-5 2181:Romantic Thriller 1790:and Gail Dayton. 1742:alternate reality 1657:Romantic suspense 1536: 1535: 1481:Category romance 1338:Melissa Pritchard 1289:The Kiss Quotient 1117:40 million copies 1109:Publishers Weekly 1101:Sweet Savage Love 976:The Tale of Li Wa 967:fictions such as 773:Rudolph Valentino 744:Elizabethan drama 679:Samuel Richardson 669:sentimental novel 655:The Ephesian Tale 649:Daphnis and Chloe 624:Daphnis and Chloe 539:Wuthering Heights 496:domestic violence 436:According to the 391:Catherine Cookson 329:detective fiction 312:sentimental novel 269:Samuel Richardson 221: 220: 213: 203: 202: 195: 141: 140: 133: 98:original research 78: 8005: 7957:P.E.A.R.L. Award 7773: 7766: 7759: 7750: 7749: 7669:Literary science 7212:Narrative poetry 7108:Linear narrative 7018:Stylistic device 7013:Show, don't tell 6976:Figure of speech 6766:Shaggy dog story 6509:Characterization 6466: 6459: 6452: 6443: 6442: 6414: 6387: 6346: 6315: 6288: 6263: 6239: 6217: 6206: 6186: 6181: 6175: 6163: 6157: 6156: 6154: 6152: 6134: 6128: 6127: 6125: 6123: 6112: 6106: 6105: 6103: 6101: 6085: 6079: 6078: 6076: 6074: 6055: 6049: 6048: 6046: 6044: 6028: 6022: 6021: 6019: 6017: 6002: 5985: 5984: 5982: 5980: 5971:. Archived from 5965: 5959: 5958: 5956: 5954: 5949:on July 12, 2007 5948: 5942:. Archived from 5935: 5926: 5920: 5919: 5917: 5915: 5899: 5893: 5892: 5890: 5888: 5883:on July 12, 2007 5882: 5876:. Archived from 5874:Psychology Today 5871: 5862: 5856: 5855: 5837: 5831: 5830: 5828: 5826: 5815: 5809: 5808: 5801: 5795: 5794: 5792: 5790: 5779: 5773: 5772: 5765: 5759: 5758: 5756: 5754: 5740: 5734: 5733: 5731: 5729: 5717: 5708: 5707: 5705: 5703: 5687: 5674: 5673: 5671: 5669: 5664:on April 6, 2007 5660:. Archived from 5649: 5643: 5642: 5640: 5638: 5623: 5617: 5616: 5614: 5612: 5603:. Archived from 5592: 5586: 5585: 5577: 5571: 5570: 5554: 5548: 5547: 5545: 5543: 5527: 5521: 5518: 5512: 5511: 5509: 5507: 5495: 5489: 5488: 5486: 5484: 5475:. Archived from 5464: 5458: 5457: 5455: 5453: 5448:on June 26, 2007 5437: 5431: 5430: 5428: 5426: 5421:on March 2, 2009 5410: 5404: 5398: 5392: 5386: 5380: 5374: 5368: 5367: 5365: 5363: 5358:on June 15, 2006 5354:. Archived from 5343: 5337: 5336: 5334: 5332: 5316: 5310: 5309: 5307: 5305: 5286: 5280: 5277: 5271: 5268: 5262: 5261: 5259: 5257: 5244:Clayton, Becci. 5241: 5230: 5229: 5227: 5225: 5213: 5204: 5203: 5201: 5199: 5184: 5178: 5177: 5175: 5173: 5154: 5145: 5144: 5142: 5140: 5131:. Archived from 5120: 5111: 5110: 5090: 5084: 5083: 5081: 5079: 5058: 5052: 5051: 5049: 5047: 5042:on July 27, 2010 5041: 5025: 5012: 5009: 5000: 4997: 4988: 4987: 4985: 4983: 4978:on July 27, 2010 4974:. Archived from 4964: 4951: 4950: 4948: 4946: 4927: 4921: 4920: 4918: 4916: 4911:. Crescent Blues 4904: 4898: 4897: 4895: 4893: 4884:. Archived from 4874: 4868: 4867: 4865: 4863: 4858:on July 23, 2010 4844: 4838: 4835: 4829: 4828: 4826: 4824: 4808: 4802: 4801: 4799: 4797: 4781: 4775: 4774: 4772: 4770: 4755: 4749: 4746: 4737: 4736: 4734: 4732: 4716: 4707: 4706: 4704: 4702: 4693:. Archived from 4683:Macomber, Debbie 4678: 4669: 4668: 4666: 4664: 4650: 4644: 4643: 4641: 4639: 4625: 4619: 4618: 4616: 4614: 4600: 4594: 4593: 4591: 4589: 4574: 4568: 4567: 4565: 4563: 4548: 4539: 4538: 4536: 4534: 4512: 4506: 4505: 4503: 4501: 4486: 4480: 4479: 4477: 4475: 4460: 4454: 4453: 4451: 4449: 4434: 4428: 4427: 4425: 4423: 4407: 4401: 4400: 4398: 4396: 4381: 4375: 4374: 4372: 4370: 4355: 4349: 4348: 4346: 4344: 4332: 4323: 4322: 4320: 4318: 4309:. Archived from 4298: 4292: 4291: 4283: 4277: 4276: 4265: 4259: 4258: 4246: 4240: 4239: 4237: 4235: 4230:on July 14, 2007 4219: 4213: 4212: 4210: 4208: 4193: 4187: 4186: 4184: 4182: 4159: 4153: 4152: 4150: 4148: 4125: 4116: 4115: 4087: 4081: 4080: 4063:(6): 1241–1260. 4052: 4043: 4042: 4040: 4038: 4026: 4017: 4016: 4014: 4012: 3997: 3991: 3990: 3988: 3986: 3977:. Archived from 3964: 3958: 3957: 3955: 3953: 3937: 3926: 3925:Thurston, p 109. 3923: 3917: 3916:Thurston, p 190. 3914: 3908: 3907:Thurston, p 128. 3905: 3899: 3898:Thurston, p 188. 3896: 3890: 3887: 3881: 3878: 3872: 3871: 3869: 3867: 3861: 3855:. Archived from 3850: 3841: 3835: 3832: 3826: 3823: 3817: 3816: 3808: 3802: 3799: 3793: 3790: 3784: 3781: 3775: 3772: 3766: 3763: 3757: 3756: 3751:. Archived from 3731:Crusie, Jennifer 3727: 3718: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3708:on July 12, 2007 3707: 3701:. Archived from 3696: 3684: 3675: 3672: 3666: 3663: 3657: 3656: 3644: 3638: 3637: 3625: 3619: 3618: 3616: 3614: 3605:. 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Archived from 2724: 2711: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2687: 2672: 2671: 2669: 2667: 2653: 2647: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2625: 2614: 2613: 2591: 2580: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2560: 2554: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2534: 2528: 2527: 2525: 2523: 2512: 2506: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2478: 2472: 2471: 2469: 2467: 2444: 2438: 2437: 2435: 2433: 2428:. March 29, 2022 2418: 2412: 2411: 2383: 2372: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2357: 2351: 2350: 2342: 2336: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2308: 2295: 2294: 2292: 2290: 2281:. Archived from 2271: 2211: 2206: 2205: 2098: 1952:African-American 1889:LGBTQIA+ romance 1884:LGBTQIA+ romance 1809:Romantic fantasy 1734:alternate worlds 1666:, bodyguard, or 1651:Kensington Books 1600:historical novel 1470: 1466: 1429:Harlequin novels 1421:Category romance 1415:Jayne Ann Krentz 1276:Christine Feehan 1228:Jayne Ann Krentz 1118: 1114: 1113:8 million copies 1028:Mills & Boon 982:Huo Xiaoyu zhuan 734:Charlotte Brontë 478:Romeo and Juliet 429: 358:direct marketing 346:Mills & Boon 277:Charlotte Brontë 216: 209: 198: 191: 187: 184: 178: 173:to conform to a 162:, rather than a 151: 150: 143: 136: 129: 125: 122: 116: 113:inline citations 89: 88: 81: 70: 48: 47: 40: 8013: 8012: 8008: 8007: 8006: 8004: 8003: 8002: 7993:Literary genres 7973: 7972: 7971: 7966: 7929: 7893: 7874:Science fiction 7782: 7777: 7747: 7742: 7674:Literary theory 7614:Fiction writing 7597: 7569: 7504: 7256: 7248: 7139: 7037: 6942: 6877: 6800: 6671:Deus ex machina 6612: 6598:Title character 6583:Stock character 6529:Focal character 6475: 6470: 6440: 6401: 6399:Further reading 6384: 6352:Wilma Mankiller 6343: 6312: 6285: 6261: 6237: 6215: 6203:Writing Romance 6195: 6190: 6189: 6182: 6178: 6173:Wayback Machine 6164: 6160: 6150: 6148: 6135: 6131: 6121: 6119: 6114: 6113: 6109: 6099: 6097: 6086: 6082: 6072: 6070: 6069:on July 3, 2007 6057: 6056: 6052: 6042: 6040: 6029: 6025: 6015: 6013: 6003: 5988: 5978: 5976: 5967: 5966: 5962: 5952: 5950: 5946: 5933: 5927: 5923: 5913: 5911: 5900: 5896: 5886: 5884: 5880: 5869: 5863: 5859: 5852: 5838: 5834: 5824: 5822: 5817: 5816: 5812: 5803: 5802: 5798: 5788: 5786: 5781: 5780: 5776: 5767: 5766: 5762: 5752: 5750: 5742: 5741: 5737: 5727: 5725: 5718: 5711: 5701: 5699: 5688: 5677: 5667: 5665: 5658:Audrey Magazine 5650: 5646: 5636: 5634: 5624: 5620: 5610: 5608: 5593: 5589: 5578: 5574: 5555: 5551: 5541: 5539: 5529: 5528: 5524: 5519: 5515: 5505: 5503: 5496: 5492: 5482: 5480: 5465: 5461: 5451: 5449: 5438: 5434: 5424: 5422: 5411: 5407: 5401:Palmquist (2012 5399: 5395: 5387: 5383: 5375: 5371: 5361: 5359: 5344: 5340: 5330: 5328: 5317: 5313: 5303: 5301: 5300:on May 12, 2008 5288: 5287: 5283: 5278: 5274: 5269: 5265: 5255: 5253: 5242: 5233: 5223: 5221: 5214: 5207: 5197: 5195: 5185: 5181: 5171: 5169: 5168:on May 27, 2008 5156: 5155: 5148: 5138: 5136: 5121: 5114: 5108: 5091: 5087: 5077: 5075: 5060: 5059: 5055: 5045: 5043: 5039: 5027: 5026: 5015: 5010: 5003: 4998: 4991: 4981: 4979: 4966: 4965: 4954: 4944: 4942: 4929: 4928: 4924: 4914: 4912: 4905: 4901: 4891: 4889: 4876: 4875: 4871: 4861: 4859: 4846: 4845: 4841: 4836: 4832: 4822: 4820: 4809: 4805: 4795: 4793: 4782: 4778: 4768: 4766: 4757: 4756: 4752: 4747: 4740: 4730: 4728: 4717: 4710: 4700: 4698: 4679: 4672: 4662: 4660: 4652: 4651: 4647: 4637: 4635: 4633:pennyreid.ninja 4627: 4626: 4622: 4612: 4610: 4602: 4601: 4597: 4587: 4585: 4575: 4571: 4561: 4559: 4549: 4542: 4532: 4530: 4514: 4513: 4509: 4499: 4497: 4487: 4483: 4473: 4471: 4461: 4457: 4447: 4445: 4435: 4431: 4421: 4419: 4408: 4404: 4394: 4392: 4382: 4378: 4368: 4366: 4356: 4352: 4342: 4340: 4333: 4326: 4316: 4314: 4299: 4295: 4284: 4280: 4267: 4266: 4262: 4247: 4243: 4233: 4231: 4220: 4216: 4206: 4204: 4195: 4194: 4190: 4180: 4178: 4160: 4156: 4146: 4144: 4126: 4119: 4088: 4084: 4053: 4046: 4036: 4034: 4027: 4020: 4010: 4008: 3999: 3998: 3994: 3984: 3982: 3965: 3961: 3951: 3949: 3938: 3929: 3924: 3920: 3915: 3911: 3906: 3902: 3897: 3893: 3888: 3884: 3879: 3875: 3865: 3863: 3859: 3848: 3842: 3838: 3833: 3829: 3824: 3820: 3815:. pp. A47. 3809: 3805: 3800: 3796: 3791: 3787: 3782: 3778: 3773: 3769: 3765:Thurston, p 75. 3764: 3760: 3749: 3728: 3721: 3711: 3709: 3705: 3694: 3685: 3678: 3674:Thurston, p 72. 3673: 3669: 3665:Thurston, p 67. 3664: 3660: 3645: 3641: 3626: 3622: 3612: 3610: 3595: 3588: 3583: 3576: 3566: 3564: 3554: 3543: 3533: 3531: 3521: 3512: 3507: 3503: 3498: 3491: 3486: 3482: 3477: 3470: 3460: 3458: 3449: 3448: 3444: 3432:(in Japanese). 3425: 3421: 3420: 3416: 3398: 3371: 3370: 3366: 3347: 3339:Purdy, Daniel. 3337: 3333: 3320: 3316: 3305: 3297:. p. 233. 3279: 3275: 3252: 3248: 3239: 3235: 3230: 3226: 3221: 3217: 3212: 3208: 3203: 3199: 3194: 3190: 3185: 3181: 3171: 3169: 3159: 3155: 3150: 3146: 3133: 3132: 3128: 3115: 3114: 3110: 3100: 3098: 3083: 3079: 3069: 3067: 3057: 3048: 3038: 3036: 3035:on May 12, 2012 3021: 3017: 3007: 3005: 2990: 2986: 2976: 2974: 2963: 2959: 2949: 2947: 2932: 2928: 2918: 2916: 2905: 2901: 2891: 2889: 2874: 2865: 2855: 2853: 2845: 2844: 2835: 2825: 2823: 2815: 2814: 2807: 2797: 2795: 2786: 2785: 2778: 2773:on May 2, 2006. 2756: 2752: 2742: 2740: 2725: 2714: 2704: 2702: 2689: 2688: 2675: 2665: 2663: 2655: 2654: 2650: 2640: 2638: 2637:. 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" 6415: 6400: 6397: 6396: 6395: 6388: 6382: 6360:Gloria Steinem 6356:Marysa Navarro 6347: 6341: 6316: 6310: 6289: 6283: 6264: 6259: 6249:, Cincinnati: 6240: 6235: 6218: 6213: 6194: 6191: 6188: 6187: 6176: 6158: 6129: 6107: 6080: 6050: 6023: 5986: 5960: 5921: 5894: 5857: 5850: 5832: 5810: 5796: 5774: 5760: 5735: 5709: 5675: 5644: 5618: 5587: 5572: 5549: 5522: 5513: 5490: 5459: 5432: 5405: 5393: 5391:, p. 231) 5381: 5379:, p. 230) 5369: 5338: 5311: 5281: 5272: 5263: 5231: 5205: 5179: 5146: 5112: 5106: 5085: 5053: 5013: 5001: 4989: 4952: 4922: 4899: 4869: 4839: 4830: 4803: 4776: 4765:on May 6, 2007 4750: 4738: 4708: 4670: 4645: 4620: 4595: 4569: 4540: 4507: 4481: 4455: 4429: 4402: 4390:Scottish Field 4376: 4350: 4324: 4293: 4290:. FV Éditions. 4278: 4260: 4241: 4214: 4188: 4154: 4117: 4082: 4044: 4018: 3992: 3959: 3927: 3918: 3909: 3900: 3891: 3882: 3873: 3836: 3827: 3818: 3803: 3794: 3785: 3776: 3767: 3758: 3747: 3719: 3676: 3667: 3658: 3639: 3620: 3586: 3574: 3562:New York Press 3541: 3510: 3501: 3489: 3480: 3468: 3442: 3414: 3396: 3364: 3331: 3323:Rouge inkstone 3314: 3303: 3287:Tani E. Barlow 3273: 3246: 3233: 3224: 3215: 3206: 3197: 3188: 3179: 3153: 3144: 3126: 3108: 3077: 3046: 3015: 2984: 2957: 2926: 2899: 2882:Boulder Weekly 2863: 2833: 2805: 2776: 2761:(March 2000). 2750: 2712: 2673: 2648: 2634:New York Times 2615: 2608: 2581: 2555: 2529: 2507: 2473: 2439: 2413: 2398: 2373: 2352: 2337: 2323: 2296: 2252: 2251: 2249: 2246: 2245: 2244: 2239: 2234: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2213: 2212: 2196: 2193: 2192: 2191: 2188: 2185: 2182: 2179: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2137: 2134: 2104:Heather Graham 2091: 2084: 2081: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2059: 2045: 2042: 2016:publishers or 1983:Main article: 1980: 1979:Erotic romance 1977: 1972:Tess Gerritsen 1947: 1944: 1916: 1913: 1885: 1882: 1866: 1863: 1841: 1838: 1829:Main article: 1826: 1823: 1807:Main article: 1804: 1801: 1796:Sweet Starfire 1753:to very sexy. 1749: 1746: 1693:Main article: 1690: 1687: 1658: 1655: 1592:Main article: 1589: 1586: 1563:Main article: 1560: 1557: 1534: 1533: 1530: 1526: 1525: 1522: 1518: 1517: 1514: 1510: 1509: 1506: 1502: 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