40:, members provide each other with various types of help, usually nonprofessional and nonmaterial, for a particular shared, usually burdensome, characteristic. Members with the same issues can come together for sharing coping strategies, to feel more empowered and for a sense of community. The help may take the form of providing and evaluating relevant information, relating personal experiences, listening to and accepting others' experiences, providing sympathetic understanding and establishing
497:
Next, they found that anonymity increased one's confidence in providing support to others and decreased embarrassment. The users of the social support websites were more comfortable being able to reread and edit their comments and discussion forum entries before sending them, and they have access to the website any time during the day. Each of these characteristics of online support groups are not offered when going to an in-person support group.
505:
posts whenever they are logged in and have an appropriate response. This characteristic allows for participation and mass communication without having to worry about time constraints. Additionally, there are 24-hour chat rooms and spaces for focused conversation at all times of the day or night. This allows users to get the support they need whenever they need it, while remaining comfortable and, if they so wish, anonymous.
428:
500:
In a study conducted by
Gunther Eysenbach, John Powell, Marina Englesakis, Carlos Rizo, and Anita Stern (2004), the researchers found it difficult to draw conclusions on the effectiveness of online peer-to-peer support groups. In online support groups, people must have the desire to support and help
496:
A study was conducted by
Walther and Boyd (2000) and they found a common trend to why people find online support groups appealing. First, the social distance between members online reduced embarrassment and they appreciated the greater range of expertise offered in the larger online social network.
492:
There are many benefits to online support groups that have been found through research studies. Although online support group users are not required to be anonymous, a study conducted by Baym (2010) finds that anonymity is beneficial to those who are lonely or anxious. This does not pertain to some
504:
An additional benefit to online support groups is that participation is asynchronous. This means that it is not necessary for all participants to be logged into the forum simultaneously in order to communicate. An experience or question can be posted and others can answer questions or comment on
488:
in the group has on the individual. Potts complains that research on these groups has lagged behind, particularly on the groups which are set up by the people with the problems, rather than by researchers and healthcare professionals. User-defined groups can share the sort of practical knowledge
160:
are facilitated by professionals who most often do not share the problem of the members, such as social workers, psychologists, or members of the clergy. The facilitator controls discussions and provides other managerial service. Such professionally operated groups are often found in institutional
479:
Online support groups, online communities for those affected by a common problem, give mutual support and provide information, two often inseparable features. They are, according to Henry Potts of
University College London, "an overlooked resource for patients." Many studies have looked at the
105:
Support groups maintain interpersonal contact among their members in a variety of ways. Traditionally, groups meet in person in sizes that allow conversational interaction. Support groups also maintain contact through printed newsletters, telephone chains, internet forums, and mailing lists. Some
419:
has provided a venue for support groups. Discussing online self-help support groups as the precursor to e-therapy, Martha
Ainsworth notes that "the enduring success of these groups has firmly established the potential of computer-mediated communication to enable discussion of sensitive personal
475:
Several studies have shown the importance of the
Internet in providing social support, particularly to groups with chronic health problems. Especially in cases of uncommon ailments, a sense of community and understanding in spite of great geographical distances can be important, in addition to
447:
says the lack of qualitative directories, and the fact that many support groups are not listed by search engines can make finding an appropriate group difficult. Even so, he does say that the medical community needs "to understand the use of personal experiences rather than an evidence-based
513:
Although there has been relatively little research on the effectiveness of online support groups in mental health, there is some evidence that online support groups can be beneficial. Large randomised controlled trials have both found positive effects and failed to find positive effects.
463:, John M. Grohol gives tips for evaluating online groups and states: "In good online support groups, members stick around long after they've received the support they were seeking. They stay because they want to give others what they themselves found in the group. Psychologists call this
493:
people seeking support groups, because not all are lonely and/or anxious, but for those who are, online support groups are a great outlet where one can feel comfortable honestly expressing themselves because the other users do not know who they are.
113:
Membership in some support groups is formally controlled, with admission requirements and membership fees. Other groups are "open" and allow anyone to attend an advertised meeting, for example, or to participate in an online forum.
423:
In one study of the effectiveness of online support groups among patients with head and neck cancer, longer participation in online support groups were found to result in a better health-related quality of life.
200:
For more temporary concerns, such as bereavement or episodic medical conditions, a support group may veer more towards helping those involved to overcome or push through their condition/experience.
126:
is fully organized and managed by its members, who are commonly volunteers and have personal experience in the subject of the group's focus. These groups may also be referred to as
990:
1830:
1835:
698:
1825:
601:
1840:
813:"Direction to an Internet Support Group Compared With Online Expressive Writing for People With Depression And Anxiety: A Randomized Trial"
376:
189:
or a pre-disposition, for example, a support group will provide information, act as a clearing-house for experiences, and may serve as a
1026:
731:
1845:
501:
each other, and many times participants go on the sites in order to get help themselves or are limited to a certain subgroup.
585:
391:
197:
individuals, for example, differ in their inclusivity, but both connect people on the basis of identity or pre-disposition.
919:"The effectiveness of an online support group for members of the community with depression: a randomised controlled trial"
1130:
489:
that healthcare professionals can overlook, and they also impact on how individuals find, interpret and use information.
1850:
1078:
529:
151:
1135:
1108:
1103:
173:. These types of support groups may run for a specified period of time, and an attendance fee is sometimes charged.
1231:
1855:
1799:
274:
242:
452:
information. They can help people learn how to find and use information: for example, users swap Web sites and
1891:
1355:
539:
17:
67:
Other types of groups formed to support causes, including causes outside of themselves, are more often called
1896:
1476:
1345:
1068:
868:"Systematic review on Internet Support Groups (ISGs) and depression (1): Do ISGs reduce depressive symptoms?"
1804:
1417:
1304:
1125:
1115:
1654:
1155:
1050:
1019:
713:
459:
It is not difficult to find an online support group, but it is hard to find a good one. In the article
1426:
1098:
534:
336:
1876:
1481:
1464:
1251:
444:
266:
212:
60:
in some respects, and may build on certain supportive functions (formerly) carried out in (extended)
1350:
1165:
1088:
341:
1881:
1459:
1241:
1180:
1789:
1390:
1269:
1259:
1236:
1012:
366:
222:
53:
1491:
1340:
1294:
1147:
1063:
52:
Formal support groups may appear to be a modern phenomenon, but they supplement traditional
1769:
1604:
1529:
1395:
1330:
930:
261:
227:
147:
107:
8:
1501:
1412:
1289:
1160:
524:
166:
934:
564:, 1st ed., Gary R. VandenBos, ed., Washington: American Psychological Association, 2007.
1886:
1629:
1444:
1335:
1264:
953:
918:
917:
Griffiths, KM; Mackinnon, AJ; Crisp, DA; Christensen, H; Bennett, K; Farrer, L (2012).
894:
867:
839:
812:
785:
758:
671:
638:
595:
396:
321:
1574:
735:
1774:
1744:
1704:
1584:
1372:
1299:
1216:
1120:
958:
899:
844:
790:
676:
658:
581:
294:
289:
237:
186:
193:
voice for affected people, other members, and their families. Groups for high IQ or
1779:
1749:
1619:
1421:
1400:
1380:
1206:
948:
938:
889:
879:
834:
824:
780:
770:
666:
650:
639:"Online support groups for head and neck cancer and health-related quality of life"
371:
304:
232:
190:
1794:
1724:
1709:
1664:
1514:
1469:
1226:
1170:
985:
943:
575:
299:
69:
1901:
1764:
1759:
1734:
1719:
1694:
1684:
1679:
1549:
1519:
1454:
1073:
381:
41:
654:
1870:
1784:
1669:
1649:
1634:
1624:
1589:
1559:
1405:
1211:
1201:
1035:
980:
863:
662:
356:
346:
247:
203:
Some support groups and conditions for which such groups may be formed are:
44:. A support group may also work to inform the public or engage in advocacy.
1809:
1754:
1729:
1689:
1674:
1639:
1599:
1569:
1564:
1554:
1486:
1221:
995:
962:
903:
848:
794:
680:
616:
316:
279:
256:
93:
and many environmental groups, for example, are interest groups. The term
31:
1739:
1714:
1644:
1609:
1524:
1449:
1196:
1175:
351:
331:
90:
57:
829:
775:
1699:
1614:
1509:
386:
361:
884:
1659:
1594:
1579:
1309:
162:
1385:
1058:
416:
284:
916:
427:
182:
1004:
637:
Algtewi, Eamar; Owens, Janine; Baker, Sarah R. (17 April 2017).
999:
252:
170:
61:
573:
438:
326:
699:"Online support groups: An overlooked resource for patients"
270:
217:
194:
372:
Red Skin
Syndrome/Topical Steroid Addiction and Withdrawal
1831:
Association for
Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback
448:
approach... these groups also impact on how individuals
861:
117:
759:"The WWW of the World Wide Web: Who, What, and Why?"
756:
732:"What to Look for in Quality Online Support Groups"
1836:Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies
636:
461:What to Look for in Quality Online Support Groups
1868:
1826:Association for the Advancement of Psychotherapy
467:, and it is the pinnacle of group achievement."
97:in this article refers to peer-to-peer support.
1841:Association for Behavior Analysis International
810:
577:The Group: Seven Widowed Fathers Reimagine Life
27:Gathering of people discussing a shared burden
1020:
692:
690:
600:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1027:
1013:
439:Appropriate groups still difficult to find
952:
942:
893:
883:
838:
828:
784:
774:
687:
670:
146:. Most common are 12-step groups such as
989:) is being considered for deletion. See
484:, while what matters is the effect that
470:
426:
410:
811:Dean, J; Potts, HWW; Barker, C (2016).
14:
1869:
1846:European Association for Psychotherapy
806:
804:
729:
574:Rosenstein, D. & Yopp, J. (2018).
158:Professionally operated support groups
100:
1008:
614:
557:
555:
763:Journal of Medical Internet Research
757:Powell, John; Aileen Clarke (2002).
313:Families of addicts & alcoholics
206:
118:Management by peers or professionals
1131:Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
801:
24:
1851:Society for Psychotherapy Research
1079:Transference focused psychotherapy
706:He@LTH Information on the Internet
552:
530:Self-help groups for mental health
152:self-help groups for mental health
25:
1913:
1136:Rational emotive behavior therapy
1109:Functional analytic psychotherapy
1104:Acceptance and commitment therapy
1034:
993:to help reach a consensus. ›
972:
696:
508:
1856:World Council for Psychotherapy
910:
617:"E-Therapy: History and Survey"
243:Borderline personality disorder
106:support groups are exclusively
855:
750:
723:
630:
608:
567:
540:Category:Online support groups
13:
1:
1069:Mentalization-based treatment
978:
546:
1126:Dialectical behavior therapy
1116:Cognitive behavioral therapy
944:10.1371/journal.pone.0053244
730:Grohol, John M. (May 2004).
562:APA Dictionary of Psychology
7:
1156:Emotionally focused therapy
580:. Oxford University Press.
517:
144:mutual aid self-help groups
10:
1918:
1427:Systematic desensitization
1356:Practitioner–scholar model
1099:Clinical behavior analysis
535:List of Twelve-Step groups
337:Inflammatory bowel disease
267:Circadian rhythm disorders
47:
29:
1818:
1542:
1500:
1437:
1371:
1364:
1323:
1282:
1250:
1189:
1146:
1087:
1049:
1042:
655:10.1007/s11136-017-1575-8
445:University College London
415:Since at least 1982, the
1438:Other individual therapy
991:templates for discussion
712:(1): 6–8. Archived from
643:Quality of Life Research
342:Irritable bowel syndrome
176:
1460:Cognitive restructuring
1181:Person-centered therapy
171:correctional facilities
124:self-help support group
54:fraternal organizations
1391:Contingency management
1270:Transtheoretical model
1260:Eclectic psychotherapy
1237:Transactional analysis
866:; Banfield, M (2009).
476:sharing of knowledge.
435:
377:Sexual abuse survivors
167:drug-treatment centers
1892:Types of organization
1341:Common factors theory
1305:Residential treatment
471:Benefits and pitfalls
430:
411:Online support groups
1897:Personal development
1770:Lorna Smith Benjamin
1605:Harry Stack Sullivan
1530:Sensitivity training
1331:Clinical formulation
431:Gerald Ganglbauer's
228:Alcoholics Anonymous
161:settings, including
148:Alcoholics Anonymous
1502:Group psychotherapy
1413:Counterconditioning
1290:Brief psychotherapy
1161:Existential therapy
935:2012PLoSO...753244G
830:10.2196/mental.5133
776:10.2196/jmir.4.1.e4
615:Ainsworth, Martha.
525:Group psychotherapy
482:content of messages
465:high group cohesion
367:Parkinson's disease
132:peer support groups
101:Maintaining contact
1630:Milton H. Erickson
1465:Emotion regulation
1445:Autogenic training
1336:Clinical pluralism
1265:Multimodal therapy
1064:Analytical therapy
872:J Med Internet Res
817:JMIR Mental Health
738:on 14 January 2010
443:A researcher from
436:
397:Ulcerative colitis
392:Suicide prevention
322:Gamblers Anonymous
140:mutual help groups
87:promotional groups
1864:
1863:
1790:William R. Miller
1775:Marsha M. Linehan
1745:Jean Baker Miller
1705:Salvador Minuchin
1585:Ludwig Binswanger
1538:
1537:
1373:Behaviour therapy
1300:Online counseling
1278:
1277:
1217:Narrative therapy
1121:Cognitive therapy
885:10.2196/jmir.1270
587:978-0-190-64956-2
407:
406:
295:Domestic violence
290:Debtors Anonymous
238:Asperger syndrome
233:Anxiety disorders
181:In the case of a
136:lay organizations
16:(Redirected from
1909:
1877:Aftermath of war
1780:Vittorio Guidano
1750:Otto F. Kernberg
1620:Donald Winnicott
1477:Free association
1422:Exposure therapy
1401:Stimulus control
1381:Aversion therapy
1369:
1368:
1232:Systemic therapy
1207:Feminist therapy
1059:Adlerian therapy
1047:
1046:
1029:
1022:
1015:
1006:
1005:
967:
966:
956:
946:
914:
908:
907:
897:
887:
859:
853:
852:
842:
832:
808:
799:
798:
788:
778:
754:
748:
747:
745:
743:
734:. Archived from
727:
721:
720:
719:on 9 March 2006.
718:
703:
694:
685:
684:
674:
649:(9): 2351–2362.
634:
628:
627:
625:
623:
612:
606:
605:
599:
591:
571:
565:
559:
305:Erythema nodosum
300:Eating disorders
207:
191:public relations
21:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1867:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1814:
1795:Steven C. Hayes
1725:Paul Watzlawick
1710:Paul Watzlawick
1665:Virginia Axline
1575:Sándor Ferenczi
1534:
1515:Couples therapy
1496:
1470:Affect labeling
1433:
1418:Desensitization
1360:
1346:Discontinuation
1319:
1274:
1246:
1227:Reality therapy
1185:
1171:Gestalt therapy
1142:
1090:
1083:
1038:
1033:
994:
975:
970:
915:
911:
862:Griffiths, KM;
860:
856:
809:
802:
755:
751:
741:
739:
728:
724:
716:
701:
695:
688:
635:
631:
621:
619:
613:
609:
593:
592:
588:
572:
568:
560:
553:
549:
544:
520:
511:
473:
441:
433:Parkins(on)line
413:
408:
382:Sleep disorders
179:
120:
103:
83:pressure groups
75:interest groups
70:advocacy groups
50:
42:social networks
34:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1915:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1882:Support groups
1879:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1765:Arnold Lazarus
1762:
1760:Irvin D. Yalom
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1735:Eugene Gendlin
1732:
1727:
1722:
1720:Ogden Lindsley
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1695:Virginia Satir
1692:
1687:
1685:James Bugental
1682:
1680:Silvano Arieti
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1550:Philippe Pinel
1546:
1544:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1520:Family therapy
1517:
1512:
1506:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1473:
1472:
1462:
1457:
1455:Clean language
1452:
1447:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1415:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1388:
1383:
1377:
1375:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1317:
1315:Support groups
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1256:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1152:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1095:
1093:
1089:Cognitive and
1085:
1084:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1074:Psychoanalysis
1071:
1066:
1061:
1055:
1053:
1044:
1040:
1039:
1032:
1031:
1024:
1017:
1009:
1003:
1002:
996:Support groups
974:
973:External links
971:
969:
968:
929:(12): e53244.
909:
854:
800:
749:
722:
686:
629:
607:
586:
566:
550:
548:
545:
543:
542:
537:
532:
527:
521:
519:
516:
510:
507:
472:
469:
440:
437:
412:
409:
405:
404:
400:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
357:Mood disorders
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
308:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
264:
259:
250:
245:
240:
235:
230:
225:
220:
215:
205:
178:
175:
119:
116:
102:
99:
49:
46:
26:
18:Support groups
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1914:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1805:Jeffrey Young
1803:
1801:
1800:Michael White
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1785:Les Greenberg
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1670:Carl Whitaker
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1650:Viktor Frankl
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1635:Jacques Lacan
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1625:Wilhelm Reich
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1590:Melanie Klein
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1560:Sigmund Freud
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1407:
1406:Token economy
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1212:Music therapy
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1202:Dance therapy
1200:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1086:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1051:Psychodynamic
1048:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1036:Psychotherapy
1030:
1025:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1001:
997:
992:
988:
987:
982:
977:
976:
964:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
913:
905:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
858:
850:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
822:
818:
814:
807:
805:
796:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
768:
764:
760:
753:
737:
733:
726:
715:
711:
707:
700:
693:
691:
682:
678:
673:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
633:
618:
611:
603:
597:
589:
583:
579:
578:
570:
563:
558:
556:
551:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
528:
526:
523:
522:
515:
509:Mental health
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
487:
486:participation
483:
477:
468:
466:
462:
457:
455:
451:
446:
434:
429:
425:
421:
418:
403:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
347:Mental Health
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
312:
311:
310:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
272:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
254:
251:
249:
248:Breastfeeding
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
224:
221:
219:
216:
214:
211:
210:
209:
208:
204:
201:
198:
196:
192:
188:
184:
174:
172:
168:
164:
159:
155:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
115:
111:
110:(see below).
109:
98:
96:
95:support group
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
71:
65:
63:
59:
55:
45:
43:
39:
38:support group
33:
19:
1819:Associations
1810:Peter Fonagy
1755:Nathan Azrin
1730:Arthur Janov
1690:Joseph Wolpe
1675:Albert Ellis
1655:George Kelly
1640:Erik Erikson
1600:Karen Horney
1570:Alfred Adler
1565:Pierre Janet
1555:Josef Breuer
1487:Hypnotherapy
1314:
1222:Play therapy
984:
926:
922:
912:
875:
871:
857:
820:
816:
766:
762:
752:
740:. Retrieved
736:the original
725:
714:the original
709:
705:
646:
642:
632:
620:. Retrieved
610:
576:
569:
561:
512:
503:
499:
495:
491:
485:
481:
478:
474:
464:
460:
458:
456:Web sites."
453:
449:
442:
432:
422:
414:
401:
317:Fibromyalgia
280:Codependency
257:Brain trauma
253:Brain attack
202:
199:
180:
157:
156:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
121:
112:
104:
94:
91:Trade unions
86:
82:
79:lobby groups
78:
74:
68:
66:
51:
37:
35:
32:Peer support
1740:R. D. Laing
1715:Haim Ginott
1645:Carl Rogers
1610:Fritz Perls
1525:Psychodrama
1450:Biofeedback
1252:Integrative
1197:Art therapy
1176:Logotherapy
979:‹ The
352:Miscarriage
332:Infertility
223:Alzheimer's
128:fellowships
58:Freemasonry
1871:Categories
1700:Aaron Beck
1615:Anna Freud
1510:Co-therapy
1365:Techniques
1295:Counseling
1283:Approaches
1148:Humanistic
1091:behavioral
878:(3): e40.
864:Calear, AL
823:(2): e12.
697:Potts HW.
547:References
387:Stuttering
362:Narcolepsy
30:See also:
1887:Self-care
1660:Rollo May
1595:Otto Rank
1580:Carl Jung
1310:Self-help
769:(1): e4.
663:0962-9343
596:cite book
420:issues."
213:Addiction
163:hospitals
1492:Modeling
1482:Homework
1386:Chaining
1324:Research
1166:Focusing
981:template
963:23285271
923:PLOS ONE
904:19793719
849:27189142
795:11956036
742:15 April
681:28417218
622:15 April
518:See also
417:Internet
285:Diabetes
195:LGBTQIA+
187:identity
62:families
56:such as
1396:Shaping
1351:History
1043:Schools
983:below (
954:3532446
931:Bibcode
895:2802256
840:4887661
786:1761925
672:5548849
454:discuss
269:, e.g.
183:disease
48:History
1543:People
1000:Curlie
986:Curlie
961:
951:
902:
892:
847:
837:
793:
783:
679:
669:
661:
584:
402:
275:Non-24
262:Cancer
108:online
1902:Grief
1190:Other
717:(PDF)
702:(PDF)
327:Grief
185:, an
177:Types
142:, or
36:In a
1242:List
959:PMID
900:PMID
845:PMID
791:PMID
744:2008
677:PMID
659:ISSN
624:2008
602:link
582:ISBN
271:DSPD
218:AIDS
169:and
150:and
998:at
949:PMC
939:doi
890:PMC
880:doi
835:PMC
825:doi
781:PMC
771:doi
667:PMC
651:doi
450:use
255:or
89:.
85:or
1873::
957:.
947:.
937:.
925:.
921:.
898:.
888:.
876:11
874:.
870:.
843:.
833:.
819:.
815:.
803:^
789:.
779:.
765:.
761:.
710:44
708:.
704:.
689:^
675:.
665:.
657:.
647:26
645:.
641:.
598:}}
594:{{
554:^
273:,
165:,
154:.
138:,
134:,
130:,
122:A
81:,
77:,
73:,
64:.
1420:/
1028:e
1021:t
1014:v
965:.
941::
933::
927:7
906:.
882::
851:.
827::
821:3
797:.
773::
767:4
746:.
683:.
653::
626:.
604:)
590:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.