HIV/AIDS - Knowledge

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inhibitor, a CCR5 antagonist, a CD4 T lymphocyte (CD4) post-attachment inhibitor, and a gp120 attachment inhibitor. There are also two drugs, ritonavir (RTV) and cobicistat (COBI) which can be used as pharmacokinetic (PK) enhancers (or boosters) to improve the PK profiles of PIs and the INSTI elvitegravir (EVG). Depending on the guidelines being followed, initial treatment generally consists of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors along with a third ARV, either an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI), a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), or a protease inhibitor with a pharmacokinetic enhancer (also known as a booster).

496: 1561: 16325: 2540: 1068: 1437:. Thus HIV infection can only be diagnosed by PCR testing for HIV RNA or DNA, or via testing for the p24 antigen. Much of the world lacks access to reliable PCR testing, and people in many places simply wait until either symptoms develop or the child is old enough for accurate antibody testing. In sub-Saharan Africa between 2007 and 2009, between 30% and 70% of the population were aware of their HIV status. In 2009, between 3.6% and 42% of men and women in sub-Saharan countries were tested; this represented a significant increase compared to previous years. 1395: 1060: 615: 1851:

diagnosed only after treatment ideally should have begun. The desired outcome of treatment is a long-term plasma HIV-RNA count below 50 copies/mL. Levels to determine if treatment is effective are initially recommended after four weeks and once levels fall below 50 copies/mL checks every three to six months are typically adequate. Inadequate control is deemed to be greater than 400 copies/mL. Based on these criteria treatment is effective in more than 95% of people during the first year.

2413: 1806:(ART), which slows progression of the disease. As of 2022, 39 million people globally were living with HIV, and 29.8 million people were accessing ART. Treatment also includes preventive and active treatment of opportunistic infections. As of July 2022, four people have been successfully cleared of HIV. Rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy within one week of diagnosis appear to improve treatment outcomes in low and medium-income settings and is recommend for newly diagnosed HIV patients. 19747: 19730: 2292:, both of which are frequently the result of the progressive failure of the immune system. Risk of cancer appears to increase once the CD4 count is below 500/μL. The rate of clinical disease progression varies widely between individuals and has been shown to be affected by a number of factors such as a person's susceptibility and immune function; their access to health care, the presence of co-infections; and the particular strain (or strains) of the virus involved. 2651: 60: 19764: 19662: 1203: 2377: 460:(CDC) in 1981 and its cause—HIV infection—was identified in the early part of the decade. Between the first time AIDS was readily identified through 2021, the disease is estimated to have caused at least 40 million deaths worldwide. In 2021, there were 650,000 deaths and about 38 million people worldwide living with HIV. An estimated 20.6 million of these people live in eastern and southern Africa. HIV/AIDS is considered a 19713: 19696: 1222: 2011:, and iron can produce adverse effects in HIV-positive adults, and is not recommended unless there is documented deficiency. Dietary supplementation for people who are infected with HIV and who have inadequate nutrition or dietary deficiencies may strengthen their immune systems or help them recover from infections; however, evidence indicating an overall benefit in morbidity or reduction in mortality is not consistent. 19679: 19622: 19634: 1762:. If replacement feeding is acceptable, feasible, affordable, sustainable and safe, mothers should avoid breastfeeding their infants; however, exclusive breastfeeding is recommended during the first months of life if this is not the case. If exclusive breastfeeding is carried out, the provision of extended antiretroviral prophylaxis to the infant decreases the risk of transmission. In 2015, 10652: 1457:. The CDC's classification system is more frequently adopted in developed countries. Since the WHO's staging system does not require laboratory tests, it is suited to the resource-restricted conditions encountered in developing countries, where it can also be used to help guide clinical management. Despite their differences, the two systems allow a comparison for statistical purposes. 1403: 2642:, two characteristic symptoms of AIDS. Contradicting the report from Gallo's group, Montagnier and his colleagues showed that core proteins of this virus were immunologically different from those of HTLV-I. Montagnier's group named their isolated virus lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV). As these two viruses turned out to be the same, in 1986, LAV and HTLV-III were renamed HIV. 2424:. As of 2022, approximately 39.0 million people worldwide are living with HIV, the number of new infections that year being about 1.3 million. This is down from 2.1 million new infections in 2010. Among new infections, 46% are in women and are children globally. There were 630,000 AIDS related deaths in 2022, down from a peak of 2 million in 2005. The 884:

transmission as 0.30% per act; the equivalent estimates for high-income countries are 0.04% per act for female-to-male transmission, and 0.08% per act for male-to-female transmission. The risk of transmission from anal intercourse is especially high, estimated as 1.4–1.7% per act in both heterosexual and homosexual contacts. While the risk of transmission from

3126:. He was diagnosed as HIV-positive on August 31, 1988, having contracted the virus from blood transfusions during heart surgery earlier in the 1980s. Further tests within 24 hours of the initial diagnosis revealed that Ashe had AIDS, but he did not tell the public about his diagnosis until April 1992. He died as a result on February 6, 1993, aged 49. 1256:. T cells are essential to the immune response and without them, the body cannot fight infections or kill cancerous cells. The mechanism of CD4 T cell depletion differs in the acute and chronic phases. During the acute phase, HIV-induced cell lysis and killing of infected cells by CD8 T cells accounts for CD4 T cell depletion, although 2432:

account for 77% of new infections among this age-range globally. Here, in contrast to other regions, adolescent girls and young women are three times more likely to acquire HIV than age-matched males. Despite these statistics, overall, new HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths have substantially decreased in this region since 2010.

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behavior in those who test negative but does increase condom use in those who test positive. Enhanced family planning services appear to increase the likelihood of women with HIV using contraception, compared to basic services. It is not known whether treating other sexually transmitted infections is effective in preventing HIV.

1920:(Cabenuva) is a complete regimen for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in adults to replace a current antiretroviral regimen in those who are virologically suppressed on a stable antiretroviral regimen with no history of treatment failure and with no known or suspected resistance to either 3318:. Public health officials, researchers, and programs can gain a more comprehensive picture of the barriers they face, and the efficacy of current approaches to HIV treatment and prevention, by tracking standard HIV indicators. Use of common indicators is an increasing focus of development organizations and researchers. 2829:

be traced back to a single unknown individual who became infected with HIV in Haiti and brought the infection to the U.S. at some time around 1969. The epidemic rapidly spread among high-risk groups (initially, sexually promiscuous men who have sex with men). By 1978, the prevalence of HIV-1 among gay male residents of

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geographic location, significant disparities in HIV incidence exist among men, Black or Hispanic populations, and men who reported male-to-male sexual contact. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated that in that year, 158,500 people or 13% of infected Americans were unaware of their infection.

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necessary to allow it enough time to mutate into HIV. Furthermore, due to its relatively low person-to-person transmission rate, SIV can only spread throughout the population in the presence of one or more high-risk transmission channels, which are thought to have been absent in Africa before the 20th century.

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Smith DK, Grohskopf LA, Black RJ, Auerbach JD, Veronese F, Struble KA, et al. (January 21, 2005). "Antiretroviral postexposure prophylaxis after sexual, injection-drug use, or other nonoccupational exposure to HIV in the United States: recommendations from the U.S. Department of Health and Human

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was one of HIV's entry points to the U.S. and that a Haitian may have carried HIV back across the Atlantic in the 1960s. Although there was known to have been at least one case of AIDS in the U.S. from 1966, the vast majority of infections occurring outside sub-Saharan Africa (including the U.S.) can

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such as education and health services not related to AIDS, resulting in increasing pressure on the state's finances and slower growth of the economy. This causes a slower growth of the tax base, an effect that is reinforced if there are growing expenditures on treating the sick, training (to replace

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and appropriate prevention of opportunistic infections reduces the death rate by 80%, and raises the life expectancy for a newly diagnosed young adult to 20–50 years. This is between two thirds and nearly that of the general population. If treatment is started late in the infection, prognosis is not

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agents. There are eight classes of antiretroviral agents (ARVs), and over 30 individual drugs: nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase, inhibitors (NNRTIs), protease inhibitors (PIs), integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs), a fusion

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The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also created a classification system for HIV, and updated it in 2008 and 2014. This system classifies HIV infections based on CD4 count and clinical symptoms, and describes the infection in five groups. In those greater than six years of age it is:

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for all people 15 years to 65 years of age, including all pregnant women. Additionally, testing is recommended for those at high risk, which includes anyone diagnosed with a sexually transmitted illness. In many areas of the world, a third of HIV carriers only discover they are infected at

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HIV seeks out and destroys CCR5 expressing CD4 T cells during acute infection. A vigorous immune response eventually controls the infection and initiates the clinically latent phase. CD4 T cells in mucosal tissues remain particularly affected. Continuous HIV replication causes a state of generalized

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At the end of 2019, United States indicated that approximately 1.2 million people aged ≥13 years were living with HIV, resulting in about 18,500 deaths in 2020. There were 34,800 estimated new infections in the US in 2019, 53% of which were in the southern region of the country. In addition to

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prophylaxis between four and six weeks of age, and ceasing breastfeeding of infants born to HIV-positive mothers, is recommended in resource-limited settings. It is also recommended to prevent PCP when a person's CD4 count is below 200 cells/uL and in those who have or have previously had PCP.

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The second-most frequent mode of HIV transmission is via blood and blood products. Blood-borne transmission can be through needle-sharing during intravenous drug use, needle-stick injury, transfusion of contaminated blood or blood product, or medical injections with unsterilized equipment. The risk

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will cure AIDS, and that HIV can infect only gay men and drug users. In 2014, some among the British public wrongly thought one could get HIV from kissing (16%), sharing a glass (5%), spitting (16%), a public toilet seat (4%), and coughing or sneezing (5%). Other misconceptions are that any act of

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as of 2015, there were approximately 101,200 cases which resulted in 594 deaths. In Canada as of 2008, there were about 65,000 cases causing 53 deaths. Between the first recognition of AIDS (in 1981) and 2009, it has led to nearly 30 million deaths. Rates of HIV are lowest in North Africa and

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exposure to infected blood as 0.09% (about 1 in 1000) per act. This risk may, however, be up to 5% if the introduced blood was from a person with a high viral load and the cut was deep. In the United States, intravenous drug users made up 12% of all new cases of HIV in 2009, and in some areas more

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Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is defined as an HIV infection with either a CD4 T cell count below 200 cells per μL or the occurrence of specific diseases associated with HIV infection. In the absence of specific treatment, around half of people infected with HIV develop AIDS within ten

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provided at school may decrease high-risk behavior. A substantial minority of young people continues to engage in high-risk practices despite knowing about HIV/AIDS, underestimating their own risk of becoming infected with HIV. Voluntary counseling and testing people for HIV does not affect risky

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HIV can be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy, during delivery, or through breast milk, resulting in the baby also contracting HIV. As of 2008, vertical transmission accounted for about 90% of cases of HIV in children. In the absence of treatment, the risk of transmission before or

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activities, either as hunters or as bushmeat vendors, commonly acquire SIV. However, SIV is a weak virus which is typically suppressed by the human immune system within weeks of infection. It is thought that several transmissions of the virus from individual to individual in quick succession are

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Eastern Europe and central Asia has observed a 43% increase in new HIV infections and 32% increase in AIDS-related deaths since 2010, the highest of all global regions. These infections are predominantly distributed in persons who inject drugs, with gay men and other men who have sex with men or

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rather than an acutely fatal disease in many areas of the world. Prognosis varies between people, and both the CD4 count and viral load are useful for predicted outcomes. Without treatment, average survival time after infection with HIV is estimated to be 9 to 11 years, depending on the HIV

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Benefits of treatment include a decreased risk of progression to AIDS and a decreased risk of death. In the developing world, treatment also improves physical and mental health. With treatment, there is a 70% reduced risk of acquiring tuberculosis. Additional benefits include a decreased risk of

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is performed; for example, in the UK the risk is reported at one in five million and in the United States it was one in 1.5 million in 2008. In low-income countries, only half of transfusions may be appropriately screened (as of 2008), and it is estimated that up to 15% of HIV infections in

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Dr. Marx believes that the crucial event was the introduction into Africa of millions of inexpensive, mass-produced syringes in the 1950s. ... suspect that the growth of colonial cities is to blame. Before 1910, no Central African town had more than 10,000 people. But urban migration rose,

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The topic of religion and AIDS has become highly controversial, primarily because some religious authorities have publicly declared their opposition to the use of condoms. The religious approach to prevent the spread of AIDS, according to a report by American health expert Matthew Hanley titled

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Among persons living with HIV (PLWH), the largest proportion reside in eastern and southern Africa (20.6 million, 54.6%). This region also had the highest rate of adult and child deaths due to AIDS in 2020 (310,000, 46.6%). Sub-Saharan African adolescent girls and young women (aged 15–24 years)

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Treatment recommendations for children are somewhat different from those for adults. The World Health Organization recommends treating all children less than five years of age; children above five are treated like adults. The United States guidelines recommend treating all children less than 12

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The World Health Organization and the United States recommend antiretrovirals in people of all ages (including pregnant women) as soon as the diagnosis is made, regardless of CD4 count. Once treatment is begun, it is recommended that it is continued without breaks or "holidays". Many people are

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when the perpetrator is known to be HIV-positive, but is controversial when their HIV status is unknown. The duration of treatment is usually four weeks and is frequently associated with adverse effects—where zidovudine is used, about 70% of cases result in adverse effects such as nausea (24%),

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Although the symptoms of immune deficiency characteristic of AIDS do not appear for years after a person is infected, the bulk of CD4 T cell loss occurs during the first weeks of infection, especially in the intestinal mucosa, which harbors the majority of the lymphocytes found in the body. The

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it may pose a risk of transmission. If a woman is untreated, two years of breastfeeding results in an HIV/AIDS risk in her baby of about 17%. Due to the increased risk of death without breastfeeding in many areas in the developing world, the World Health Organization recommends either exclusive

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of HIV infection can last from about three years to over 20 years (on average, about eight years). While typically there are few or no symptoms at first, near the end of this stage many people experience fever, weight loss, gastrointestinal problems and muscle pains. Between 50% and 70% of

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HIV is now known to spread between CD4 T cells by two parallel routes: cell-free spread and cell-to-cell spread, i.e. it employs hybrid spreading mechanisms. In the cell-free spread, virus particles bud from an infected T cell, enter the blood/extracellular fluid and then infect another T cell

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of an infected person is an important risk factor in both sexual and mother-to-child transmission. During the first 2.5 months of an HIV infection, a person's infectiousness is twelve times higher due to the high viral load associated with acute HIV. If the person is in the late stages of

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of HIV-infected individuals. Stigma-related violence or the fear of violence prevents many people from seeking HIV testing, returning for their results, or securing treatment, possibly turning what could be a manageable chronic illness into a death sentence and perpetuating the spread of HIV.

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The combination of Rekambys and Vocabria injection is intended for maintenance treatment of adults who have undetectable HIV levels in the blood (viral load less than 50 copies/mL) with their current ARV treatment, and when the virus has not developed resistance to a certain class of anti-HIV

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supplement improves outcomes for both mothers and children. If the pregnant or lactating mother has been advised to take anti-retroviral medication to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission, multivitamin supplements should not replace these treatments. There is some evidence that vitamin A

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Specific proposed high-risk transmission channels, allowing the virus to adapt to humans and spread throughout society, depend on the proposed timing of the animal-to-human crossing. Genetic studies of the virus suggest that the most recent common ancestor of the HIV-1 M group dates back to

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heterosexual contacts, estimates of the risk of HIV transmission per sexual act appear to be four to ten times higher in low-income countries than in high-income countries. In low-income countries, the risk of female-to-male transmission is estimated as 0.38% per act, and of male-to-female

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Choopanya K, Martin M, Suntharasamai P, Sangkum U, Mock PA, Leethochawalit M, et al. (June 2013). "Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV infection in injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand (the Bangkok Tenofovir Study): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial".

1673:, is effective in people at high risk including men who have sex with men, couples where one is HIV-positive, and young heterosexuals in Africa. It may also be effective in intravenous drug users, with a study finding a decrease in risk of 0.7 to 0.4 per 100 person years. The 2784:

An alternative view holds that unsafe medical practices in Africa after World War II, such as unsterile reuse of single-use syringes during mass vaccination, antibiotic and anti-malaria treatment campaigns, were the initial vector that allowed the virus to adapt to humans and spread.

1249:. The CD8 T cell response is thought to be important in controlling virus levels, which peak and then decline, as the CD4 T cell counts recover. A good CD8 T cell response has been linked to slower disease progression and a better prognosis, though it does not eliminate the virus. 684:. Kaposi's sarcoma is the most common cancer, occurring in 10% to 20% of people with HIV. The second-most common cancer is lymphoma, which is the cause of death of nearly 16% of people with AIDS and is the initial sign of AIDS in 3% to 4%. Both these cancers are associated with 1184:, and is the cause of the majority of HIV infections globally. The lower infectivity of HIV-2 as compared with HIV-1 implies that fewer people exposed to HIV-2 will be infected per exposure. Because of its relatively poor capacity for transmission, HIV-2 is largely confined to 876:(82% of new HIV diagnoses among males aged 13 and older and 70% of total new diagnoses). In the US, gay and bisexual men aged 13 to 24 accounted for an estimated 92% of new HIV diagnoses among all men in their age group and 27% of new diagnoses among all gay and bisexual men. 1213: 2857: 1211: 3020:. Without proper nutrition, health care and medicine, large numbers of people die from AIDS-related complications. Before death they will not only be unable to work, but will also require significant medical care. It is estimated that as of 2007 there were 12 million 1656:

Antiretroviral treatment among people with HIV whose CD4 count ≤ 550 cells/μL is a very effective way to prevent HIV infection of their partner (a strategy known as treatment as prevention, or TASP). TASP is associated with a 10- to 20-fold reduction in transmission risk.

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transmission of the disease to sexual partners and a decrease in mother-to-child transmission. The effectiveness of treatment depends to a large part on compliance. Reasons for non-adherence to treatment include poor access to medical care, inadequate social supports,

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The most frequent mode of transmission of HIV is through sexual contact with an infected person. However, an HIV-positive person who has an undetectable viral load as a result of long-term treatment has effectively no risk of transmitting HIV sexually, known as

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following a chance encounter. HIV can also disseminate by direct transmission from one cell to another by a process of cell-to-cell spread. The hybrid spreading mechanisms of HIV contribute to the virus' ongoing replication against antiretroviral therapies.

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may reduce adherence. Even though cost is an important issue with some medications, 47% of those who needed them were taking them in low- and middle-income countries as of 2010, and the rate of adherence is similar in low-income and high-income countries.

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The World Health Organization first proposed a definition for AIDS in 1986. Since then, the WHO classification has been updated and expanded several times, with the most recent version being published in 2007. The WHO system uses the following categories:

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use reduces the risk of HIV transmission by approximately 80% over the long term. When condoms are used consistently by a couple in which one person is infected, the rate of HIV infection is less than 1% per year. There is some evidence to suggest that

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may also be a factor. During the chronic phase, the consequences of generalized immune activation coupled with the gradual loss of the ability of the immune system to generate new T cells appear to account for the slow decline in CD4 T cell numbers.

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co-infection is one of the leading causes of sickness and death in those with HIV/AIDS being present in a third of all HIV-infected people and causing 25% of HIV-related deaths. HIV is also one of the most important risk factors for tuberculosis.

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is relatively low, it is still present. The risk from receiving oral sex has been described as "nearly nil"; however, a few cases have been reported. The per-act risk is estimated at 0–0.04% for receptive oral intercourse. In settings involving

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and the immune response to ongoing HIV replication. It is also linked to the breakdown of the immune surveillance system of the gastrointestinal mucosal barrier caused by the depletion of mucosal CD4 T cells during the acute phase of disease.

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recommended male circumcision in 2007 as a method of preventing female-to-male HIV transmission in areas with high rates of HIV. However, whether it protects against male-to-female transmission is disputed, and whether it is of benefit in

14937: 3246:, where the government's official embrace of AIDS denialism (1999–2005) was responsible for its ineffective response to that country's AIDS epidemic, and has been blamed for hundreds of thousands of avoidable deaths and HIV infections. 16160: 1942:

Measures to prevent opportunistic infections are effective in many people with HIV/AIDS. In addition to improving current disease, treatment with antiretrovirals reduces the risk of developing additional opportunistic infections.

606:(LTNP). Another group consists of those who maintain a low or undetectable viral load without anti-retroviral treatment, known as "elite controllers" or "elite suppressors". They represent approximately 1 in 300 infected persons. 3058:

showed that households having a person with HIV/AIDS spent twice as much on medical expenses as other households. This additional expenditure also leaves less income to spend on education and other personal or family investment.

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attitudes. There is also a perceived association between AIDS and all male-male sexual behavior, including sex between uninfected men. However, the dominant mode of spread worldwide for HIV remains heterosexual transmission.

2559:. AIDS was first clinically reported on June 5, 1981, with five cases in the United States. The initial cases were a cluster of injecting drug users and gay men with no known cause of impaired immunity who showed symptoms of 1753:

of HIV (from mothers to children) can reduce rates of transmission by 92–99%. This primarily involves the use of a combination of antiviral medications during pregnancy and after birth in the infant, and potentially includes

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is also believed to carry an increased risk of HIV transmission as condoms are rarely worn, physical trauma to the vagina or rectum is likely, and there may be a greater risk of concurrent sexually transmitted infections.

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Treatment is recommended as soon as the diagnosis is made. An HIV-positive person who has an undetectable viral load as a result of long-term treatment has effectively no risk of transmitting HIV sexually. Campaigns by

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pneumonia (PCP), a rare opportunistic infection that was known to occur in people with very compromised immune systems. Soon thereafter, a large number of homosexual men developed a generally rare skin cancer called

16668: 7974:"Revised surveillance case definitions for HIV infection among adults, adolescents, and children aged <18 months and for HIV infection and AIDS among children aged 18 months to <13 years – United States, 2008" 3199:

was diagnosed with HIV; he subsequently had unprotected sex with eleven women without disclosing his diagnosis. By 2003, seven had contracted HIV; two died from complications related to AIDS. Aziga was convicted of

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have pledged $ 200 million focused on developing a global cure for AIDS. While there is no cure or vaccine, antiretroviral treatment can slow the course of the disease and may lead to a near-normal life expectancy.

3192:(HIV). Some countries or jurisdictions, including some areas of the United States, have laws that criminalize HIV transmission or exposure. Others may charge the accused under laws enacted before the HIV pandemic. 2634:(HTLVs) that his group had been the first to isolate. Gallo's group called their newly isolated virus HTLV-III. At the same time, Montagnier's group isolated a virus from a person presenting with swelling of the 16425: 16406: 16383: 10875:"Treating opportunistic infections among HIV-infected adults and adolescents. Recommendations from CDC, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association/Infectious Diseases Society of America" 13210:

Barré-Sinoussi F, Chermann JC, Rey F, Nugeyre MT, Chamaret S, Gruest J, et al. (May 1983). "Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)".

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sick workers), sick pay, and caring for AIDS orphans. This is especially true if the sharp increase in adult mortality shifts the responsibility from the family to the government in caring for these orphans.

707:. Diarrhea is another common symptom, present in about 90% of people with AIDS. They can also be affected by diverse psychiatric and neurological symptoms independent of opportunistic infections and cancers. 2796:

presented with symptoms in 1966 and died in 1969. In the 1970s, there were cases of getting parasites and becoming sick with what was called "gay bowel disease", but what is now suspected to have been AIDS.

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causing genital ulcers. Early 1900s colonial cities were notable for their high prevalence of prostitution and genital ulcers, to the degree that, as of 1928, as many as 45% of female residents of eastern

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Nachega JB, Mills EJ, Schechter M (January 2010). "Antiretroviral therapy adherence and retention in care in middle-income and low-income countries: current status of knowledge and research priorities".

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estimates the risk of transmission as a result of a medical injection in Africa at 1.2%. Risks are also associated with invasive procedures, assisted delivery, and dental care in this area of the world.

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is between 0.63% and 2.4% per act, with an average of 0.8%. The risk of acquiring HIV from a needle stick from an HIV-infected person is estimated as 0.3% (about 1 in 333) per act and the risk following

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Jin G, Shi H, Du J, Guo H, Yuan G, Yang H, et al. (December 2023). "Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Care Continuum for HIV Risk Populations: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses".

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Chou R, Selph S, Dana T, Bougatsos C, Zakher B, Blazina I, et al. (November 2012). "Screening for HIV: systematic review to update the 2005 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation".

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Gallo RC, Sarin PS, Gelmann EP, Robert-Guroff M, Richardson E, Kalyanaraman VS, et al. (May 1983). "Isolation of human T-cell leukemia virus in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)".

3107:. He had been diagnosed during 1984, announced that he had had the virus on July 25, 1985, and died a few months later on October 2, 1985. Another notable British casualty of AIDS that year was 394:, delivery, or breastfeeding. Some bodily fluids, such as saliva, sweat, and tears, do not transmit the virus. Oral sex has little risk of transmitting the virus. Ways to avoid catching HIV and 3238:

A small group of individuals continue to dispute the connection between HIV and AIDS, the existence of HIV itself, or the validity of HIV testing and treatment methods. These claims, known as

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as good: for example, if treatment is begun following the diagnosis of AIDS, life expectancy is ~10–40 years. Half of infants born with HIV die before two years of age without treatment.

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that is transported along with the viral genome in the virus particle. The resulting viral DNA is then imported into the cell nucleus and integrated into the cellular DNA by a virally encoded

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Surveillance, riques, Risk Assessment Division = Le VIH et le sida au Canada: rapport de surveillance en date du 31 décembre 2009 / Division de la surveillance et de l'évaluation des (2010).

3085:-based Centre for the Study of Sexual Health and HIV reported that several people stopped taking their medication, sometimes on the direct advice of their pastor, leading to many deaths. The 3043:

for people with HIV/AIDS. Anti-retroviral treatment may help people with HIV/AIDS work more, and may increase the chance that a person with HIV/AIDS will be employed (low-quality evidence).

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and growth of large colonial African cities, leading to social changes, including a higher degree of sexual promiscuity, the spread of prostitution, and the accompanying high frequency of

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that are normally controlled by the immune system. Which infections occur depends partly on what organisms are common in the person's environment. These infections may affect nearly every

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Gilbert PB, McKeague IW, Eisen G, Mullins C, Guéye-NDiaye A, Mboup S, et al. (February 2003). "Comparison of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infectivity from a prospective cohort study in Senegal".

1788:, was published in 2009; it found a partial reduction in the risk of transmission of roughly 30%, stimulating some hope in the research community of developing a truly effective vaccine. 15386: 9677: 8594:"Effectiveness of peer education interventions for HIV prevention, adolescent pregnancy prevention and sexual health promotion for young people: a systematic review of European studies" 5971:

Ng BE, Butler LM, Horvath T, Rutherford GW (March 2011). Butler LM (ed.). "Population-based biomedical sexually transmitted infection control interventions for reducing HIV infection".

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For surveillance purposes, the AIDS diagnosis still stands even if, after treatment, the CD4 T cell count rises to above 200 per μL of blood or other AIDS-defining illnesses are cured.

11294: 19207: 14741: 12772: 2772:) in nascent colonial cities. While transmission rates of HIV during vaginal intercourse are low under regular circumstances, they are increased manyfold if one of the partners has a 8514:

Wiysonge CS, Kongnyuy EJ, Shey M, Muula AS, Navti OB, Akl EA, et al. (June 2011). Wiysonge CS (ed.). "Male circumcision for prevention of homosexual acquisition of HIV in men".

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The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued recommendations regarding nutrient requirements in HIV/AIDS. A generally healthy diet is promoted. Dietary intake of micronutrients at

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using infected blood. In developed countries the risk of acquiring HIV from a blood transfusion is extremely low (less than one in half a million) where improved donor selection and

11795:

Schackman BR, Gebo KA, Walensky RP, Losina E, Muccio T, Sax PE, et al. (November 2006). "The lifetime cost of current human immunodeficiency virus care in the United States".

10050:

Beard J, Feeley F, Rosen S (November 2009). "Economic and quality of life outcomes of antiretroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS in developing countries: a systematic literature review".

2744:

of two viral resistance genes. HIV-1 is thought to have jumped the species barrier on at least three separate occasions, giving rise to the three groups of the virus, M, N, and O.

9894: 9820: 3937: 3081:

Some religious organizations have claimed that prayer can cure HIV/AIDS. In 2011, the BBC reported that some churches in London were claiming that prayer would cure AIDS, and the

1285:

immune activation persisting throughout the chronic phase. Immune activation, which is reflected by the increased activation state of immune cells and release of pro-inflammatory

7356:

Piatak M, Saag MS, Yang LC, Clark SJ, Kappes JC, Luk KC, et al. (March 1993). "High levels of HIV-1 in plasma during all stages of infection determined by competitive PCR".

1946:

Adults and adolescents who are living with HIV (even on anti-retroviral therapy) with no evidence of active tuberculosis in settings with high tuberculosis burden should receive

1715:

reduces the risk of an HIV infection five-fold following a needle-stick injury. As of 2013, the prevention regimen recommended in the United States consists of three medications—

979:

these areas come from transfusion of infected blood and blood products, representing between 5% and 10% of global infections. It is possible to acquire HIV from organ and tissue

3279:

which attempts to prevent, treat, or cure HIV/AIDS, along with fundamental research about the nature of HIV as an infectious agent, and about AIDS as the disease caused by HIV.

12378:

Nicholas PK, Kemppainen JK, Canaval GE, Corless IB, Sefcik EF, Nokes KM, et al. (February 2007). "Symptom management and self-care for peripheral neuropathy in HIV/AIDS".

9405:

Siegfried N, van der Merwe L, Brocklehurst P, Sint TT (July 2011). Siegfried N (ed.). "Antiretrovirals for reducing the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection".

10287:

Orsi F, d'Almeida C (May 2010). "Soaring antiretroviral prices, TRIPS and TRIPS flexibilities: a burning issue for antiretroviral treatment scale-up in developing countries".

2581:, the name by which a task force had been set up in 1981. At one point the CDC referred to it as the "4H disease", as the syndrome seemed to affect heroin users, homosexuals, 339:. Typically, this period is followed by a prolonged incubation period with no symptoms. Eventually the HIV infection increases the risk of developing other infections such as 15283: 12790: 3235:

anal intercourse between two uninfected gay men can lead to HIV infection, and that open discussion of HIV and homosexuality in schools will lead to increased rates of AIDS.

16970: 16002: 15494: 13382: 4481: 3412: 3261:

operation to spread the claim that the United States had created HIV/AIDS. Surveys show that a significant number of people believed—and continue to believe—in such claims.

9248:"Updated US Public Health Service guidelines for the management of occupational exposures to human immunodeficiency virus and recommendations for postexposure prophylaxis" 16934: 8471:

Templeton DJ, Millett GA, Grulich AE (February 2010). "Male circumcision to reduce the risk of HIV and sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men".

3546: 932: 15346: 8245:

Baptista M, Ramalho-Santos J (November 2009). "Spermicides, microbicides and antiviral agents: recent advances in the development of novel multi-functional compounds".

590:

infected individuals have a detectable viral load and in the absence of treatment will eventually progress to AIDS, a small proportion (about 5%) retain high levels of

12698: 7409:"The qualitative nature of the primary immune response to HIV infection is a prognosticator of disease progression independent of the initial level of plasma viremia" 15651: 15260: 14786: 2570:(KS). Many more cases of PCP and KS emerged, alerting U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and a CDC task force was formed to monitor the outbreak. 15690: 11897: 10625: 18772: 16658: 1450: 17025: 12877: 2805: 12925: 12160: 11718: 19200: 17621: 14405: 6168:

Draughon JE, Sheridan DJ (2012). "Nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis following sexual assault in industrialized low-HIV-prevalence countries: a review".

4252: 1581:

People wearing AIDS awareness signs. On the left: "Facing AIDS a condom and a pill at a time"; on the right: "I am Facing AIDS because people I ♥ are infected"

9709: 3342: 1577: 15998: 15534: 15123: 10878: 8546: 6579: 6292: 2428:

has reported that deaths from HIV and AIDS have "fallen by 61%, moving from the world’s seventh leading cause of death in 2000 to the twenty-first in 2021."

15230: 14244: 8116: 4406: 1472:

with a CD4 T cell count (also known as CD4 count) greater than 500 per microlitre (μL or cubic mm) of blood. May include generalized lymph node enlargement.

1176:

have been characterized: HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is the virus that was originally discovered (and initially referred to also as LAV or HTLV-III). It is more

1040:

Antiretrovirals when taken by either the mother or the baby decrease the risk of transmission in those who do breastfeed. If blood contaminates food during

15197: 11922:

Cheung MC, Pantanowitz L, Dezube BJ (June–July 2005). "AIDS-related malignancies: emerging challenges in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy".

1619:"reduces the acquisition of HIV by heterosexual men by between 38% and 66% over 24 months". Owing to these studies, both the World Health Organization and 15712: 15446: 13077:

Hymes KB, Cheung T, Greene JB, Prose NS, Marcus A, Ballard H, et al. (September 1981). "Kaposi's sarcoma in homosexual men-a report of eight cases".

8280:

Siegfried N, Muller M, Deeks JJ, Volmink J (April 2009). Siegfried N (ed.). "Male circumcision for prevention of heterosexual acquisition of HIV in men".

3822: 2957:

was conceived in 1985 to celebrate the lives of those who had died of AIDS when stigma prevented many from receiving funerals. It is now cared for by the

1165:, producing new RNA genomes and viral proteins that are packaged and released from the cell as new virus particles that begin the replication cycle anew. 17616: 16675: 13342: 11050: 10539: 9976: 4564:

WHO case definitions of HIV for surveillance and revised clinical staging and immunological classification of HIV-related disease in adults and children

2303:

is another very common co-infection where each disease increases the progression of the other. The two most common cancers associated with HIV/AIDS are

1126:

characteristics. Many species of mammals are infected by lentiviruses, which are characteristically responsible for long-duration illnesses with a long

11712:

Progression and mortality of untreated HIV-positive individuals living in resource-limited settings: update of literature review and evidence synthesis

9443: 449:

use as prevention. It has attracted international medical and political attention as well as large-scale funding since it was identified in the 1980s.

14044:"High GUD incidence in the early 20th century created a particularly permissive time window for the origin and initial spread of epidemic HIV strains" 5138:

Murray ED, Buttner N, Price BH (2012). "Depression and Psychosis in Neurological Practice". In Bradley WG, Daroff RB, Fenichel GM, Jankovic J (eds.).

3372: 893:

in low-income countries, risk of female-to-male transmission has been estimated as 2.4% per act, and of male-to-female transmission as 0.05% per act.

583:, characterized by unexplained, non-painful enlargement of more than one group of lymph nodes (other than in the groin) for over three to six months. 19193: 18195: 6321: 3770: 15472: 15323: 14372: 14330: 13875:"Serial human passage of simian immunodeficiency virus by unsterile injections and the emergence of epidemic human immunodeficiency virus in Africa" 10567: 3878:"Risk of sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus with antiretroviral therapy, suppressed viral load and condom use: a systematic review" 574:

The initial symptoms are followed by a stage called clinical latency, asymptomatic HIV, or chronic HIV. Without treatment, this second stage of the

17131: 10712: 10702:"Guidelines for intensified tuberculosis case-finding and isoniazid preventive therapy for people living with HIV in resource-constrained settings" 9731: 8311: 6857: 1312:

A generalized graph of the relationship between HIV copies (viral load) and CD4 T cell counts over the average course of untreated HIV infection:

16609: 16304: 12826: 10591: 2982:. Within the MSM community, the greatest barrier to PrEP use has been the stigma surrounding HIV and gay men. Gay men on PrEP have experienced " 1842:

Current ART options are combinations (or "cocktails") consisting of at least three medications belonging to at least two types, or "classes", of

1707:

A course of antiretrovirals administered within 48 to 72 hours after exposure to HIV-positive blood or genital secretions is referred to as

464:—a disease outbreak which is present over a large area and is actively spreading. The United States' National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the 14771: 10189:"Adherence to antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome among drug users: a systematic review" 13042: 11084: 6818: 3295: 2964:

In 2003, as part of an overall reform of marriage and population legislation, it became legal for those diagnosed with AIDS to marry in China.

2573:

In the early days, the CDC did not have an official name for the disease, often referring to it by way of diseases associated with it, such as

15376: 11748:"Life expectancy of individuals on combination antiretroviral therapy in high-income countries: a collaborative analysis of 14 cohort studies" 10615:

Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.

9866: 4165: 527:, headache, tiredness, and/or sores of the mouth and genitals. The rash, which occurs in 20–50% of cases, presents itself on the trunk and is 18786: 18033: 17005: 15850: 14733: 12798:. Ottawa: Public Health Agency of Canada, Centre for Communicable Diseases and Infection Control, Surveillance and Risk Assessment Division. 9667: 9517: 6267: 3566: 12763: 11663:"HIV-1 infection in rural Africa: is there a difference in median time to AIDS and survival compared with that in industrialized countries?" 7534:"Primary HIV-1 infection is associated with preferential depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes from effector sites in the gastrointestinal tract" 4049: 1974: 1382: 828:, significant exposure to infected body fluids or tissues, and from mother to child during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding (known as 503:

The initial period following infection with HIV is called acute HIV, primary HIV or acute retroviral syndrome. Many individuals develop an

16220: 12840: 11575:

Lutge EE, Gray A, Siegfried N (April 2013). "The medical use of cannabis for reducing morbidity and mortality in patients with HIV/AIDS".

331:, sometimes taking many years. Following initial infection an individual may not notice any symptoms, or may experience a brief period of 16877: 16701: 16651: 16599: 15573: 14612: 14291: 13522: 12221: 10924: 10679: 9252: 7699: 7013: 6103: 5973: 5867: 5242:

MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports / Centers for Disease Control

5140:

Bradley's Neurology in Clinical Practice: Expert Consult – Online and Print, 6e (Bradley, Neurology in Clinical Practice e-dition 2v Set)

4857: 3997: 3748: 2979: 2851: 2620:

declared that a novel retrovirus may have been infecting people with AIDS, and published their findings in the same issue of the journal

1662: 1454: 1434: 426: 15612: 13346: 10003:"Timing of initiation of antiretroviral therapy in AIDS-free HIV-1-infected patients: a collaborative analysis of 18 HIV cohort studies" 9886: 9812: 6974: 6745: 5081: 4814: 4775: 4614: 4581: 3927: 3709: 2975:; this covered medical research, the U.S. government's response, and personal stories from people with AIDS, caregivers, and activists. 19425: 19273: 18452: 18283: 16990: 16300: 16184: 15414: 14468: 14460: 12734: 11104: 7825: 6064: 5628: 5594: 4365: 4151: 4023: 3847: 3506: 861:. The existence of functionally noncontagious HIV-positive people on antiretroviral therapy was controversially publicized in the 2008 685: 457: 316: 15420: 8681: 1937: 19462: 18323: 14504: 14395: 11182: 10436:"Prolongation and quality of life for HIV-infected adults treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART): a balancing act" 1490:

diarrhea for longer than a month, severe bacterial infections including tuberculosis of the lung, and a CD4 count of less than 350/μL

1045:

breastfeeding or the provision of safe formula. All women known to be HIV-positive should be taking lifelong antiretroviral therapy.

872:; however, the pattern of transmission varies among countries. As of 2017, most HIV transmission in the United States occurred among 12740: 10882: 9097: 6822: 4371: 3078:, argues that cultural changes are needed, including a re-emphasis on fidelity within marriage and sexual abstinence outside of it. 3027:

Returning to work after beginning treatment for HIV/AIDS is difficult, and affected people often work less than the average worker.

16804: 15994: 15291: 13372: 13286: 12809: 6346:

Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) (October 2010). "HIV transmission through transfusion – Missouri and Colorado, 2008".

5663: 3242:, have been examined and rejected by the scientific community. However, they have had a significant political impact, particularly 15164: 14161: 6922:

Smith JA, Daniel R (May 2006). "Following the path of the virus: the exploitation of host DNA repair mechanisms by retroviruses".

3402: 1418:

within three to twelve weeks after the initial infection. Diagnosis of primary HIV before seroconversion is done by measuring HIV-

15502: 15098: 13026: 12137: 11372:

Siegfried N, Irlam JH, Visser ME, Rollins NN (March 2012). "Micronutrient supplementation in pregnant women with HIV infection".

5600: 3851: 3467: 3139:

magazine said the photo became the one image "most powerfully identified with the HIV/AIDS epidemic." The photo was displayed in

2918:

Often, AIDS stigma is expressed in conjunction with one or more other stigmas, particularly those associated with homosexuality,

2320: 677: 15187: 4019: 935:) have an increased likelihood of contracting HIV. Rough sex can be a factor associated with an increased risk of transmission. 511:

2–4 weeks after exposure while others have no significant symptoms. Symptoms occur in 40–90% of cases and most commonly include

19589: 16716: 16551: 13193: 11001: 3089:

advertised an "anointing water" to promote God's healing, although the group denies advising people to stop taking medication.

2986:". Numerous other barriers have been identified, including lack of quality LGBTQ care, cost, and adherence to medication use. 580: 93: 11615:

Knoll B, Lassmann B, Temesgen Z (December 2007). "Current status of HIV infection: a review for non-HIV-treating physicians".

11403:

Irlam JH, Siegfried N, Visser ME, Rollins NC (October 2013). "Micronutrient supplementation for children with HIV infection".

6616:

Coutsoudis A, Kwaan L, Thomson M (October 2010). "Prevention of vertical transmission of HIV-1 in resource-limited settings".

6384: 3542: 19291: 18188: 17654: 16965: 16339: 16290: 15926: 15757: 15606: 15567: 15354: 14606: 14437: 14366: 14324: 14285: 13516: 12803: 12215: 12173: 10918: 10440: 9860: 8675: 7693: 7516: 7007: 6968: 6348: 6097: 6058: 5902: 5861: 5147: 4851: 4808: 4769: 4608: 4575: 4291: 4159: 3991: 3816: 3742: 3703: 3221: 2908:—the use of HIV/AIDS to express attitudes toward the social groups or lifestyles perceived to be associated with the disease. 2545: 1962:

A and B is advised for all people at risk of HIV before they become infected; however, it may also be given after infection.

13435:

Centers for Disease Control (CDC) (September 1982). "Update on acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) – United States".

9763:

Mateo-Urdiales A, Johnson S, Smith R, Nachega JB, Eshun-Wilson I (June 17, 2019). Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group (ed.).

9644: 3619: 1895:

months of age and all those with HIV RNA counts greater than 100,000 copies/mL between one year and five years of age.

19770: 18416: 17396: 16190: 12963: 12687: 11198:"Efficacy and safety of zinc supplementation for adults, children and pregnant women with HIV infection: systematic review" 10216: 7115: 5805: 3882: 1914:

medicines called non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INIs).

1803: 1602:) immediately before sex seems to reduce infection rates by approximately 40% among African women. By contrast, use of the 425:

Recognized worldwide in the early 1980s, HIV/AIDS has had a large impact on society, both as an illness and as a source of

15252: 6547: 5634: 3512: 19650: 19594: 18473: 17084: 16444: 15065: 13405: 11977:"The impact of host genetics on HIV infection and disease progression in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy" 11887: 9037:"Preexposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of HIV Infection: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement" 7831: 7210: 3647: 2927: 1982: 696:(of the layer that lines the inner part of eyelids and the white part of the eye) is also more common in those with HIV. 14981: 11436:"Complementary and alternative medicine use among HIV-positive people: research synthesis and implications for HIV care" 8050: 7996: 17521: 16761: 15684: 15645: 3243: 12885: 12179: 5923:

Dosekun O, Fox J (July 2010). "An overview of the relative risks of different sexual behaviours on HIV transmission".

5301:

Dosekun O, Fox J (July 2010). "An overview of the relative risks of different sexual behaviours on HIV transmission".

4229: 2902:—a reflection of the fear and apprehension that are likely to be associated with any deadly and transmissible illness. 2452:(0.1%), and Western and Central Europe (0.2%). The worst-affected European countries, in 2009 and 2012 estimates, are 1871:

Specific adverse events are related to the antiretroviral agent taken. Some relatively common adverse events include:

18792: 18318: 18275: 18026: 16944: 16834: 12991: 12933: 11711: 6659: 5347: 3227: 2954: 1887:. Newer recommended treatments are associated with fewer adverse effects. Certain medications may be associated with 1480: 437:, such as the belief that it can be transmitted by casual non-sexual contact. The disease has become subject to many 11840:"Life expectancy of recently diagnosed asymptomatic HIV-infected patients approaches that of uninfected individuals" 10097:"Sexual transmission of HIV according to viral load and antiretroviral therapy: systematic review and meta-analysis" 9169:"Opiate substitution treatment and HIV transmission in people who inject drugs: systematic review and meta-analysis" 3046:

By affecting mainly young adults, AIDS reduces the taxable population, in turn reducing the resources available for

19529: 19446: 19357: 18778: 18707: 18181: 16696: 15918: 11483:

Mills E, Wu P, Ernst E (June 2005). "Complementary therapies for the treatment of HIV: in search of the evidence".

9699: 8712: 6532: 6300: 5703:"Heterosexual risk of HIV-1 infection per sexual act: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies" 5368:"Heterosexual risk of HIV-1 infection per sexual act: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies" 3350: 2781:

were thought to have been prostitutes, and, as of 1933, around 15% of all residents of the same city had syphilis.

2133:

subtype. After the diagnosis of AIDS, if treatment is not available, survival ranges between 6 and 19 months.

1378: 387: 15524: 8570: 5204:

Coovadia H (2004). "Antiretroviral agents—how best to protect infants from HIV and save their mothers from AIDS".

5168:"Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) among Recipients of Antibody-Positive Blood Donations" 2800:

The earliest retrospectively described case of AIDS is believed to have been in Norway beginning in 1966, that of

2792:. The virus may have been present in the U.S. as early as the mid-to-late 1950s, as a sixteen-year-old male named 1433:

Antibody tests in children younger than 18 months are typically inaccurate, due to the continued presence of

452:

HIV made the jump from other primates to humans in west-central Africa in the early-to-mid-20th century. AIDS was

311:

for HIV. An HIV-positive person on treatment can expect to live a normal life, and die with the virus, not of it.

15220: 15118: 15116: 12585: 9918:"HIV prevention in clinical care settings: 2014 recommendations of the International Antiviral Society–USA Panel" 9035:

US Preventive Services Task F, Owens DK, Davidson KW, Krist AH, Barry MJ, Cabana M, et al. (June 11, 2019).

8120: 7856:

US Preventive Services Task F, Owens DK, Davidson KW, Krist AH, Barry MJ, Cabana M, et al. (June 18, 2019).

6213:"Risk of HIV-1 transmission for parenteral exposure and blood transfusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis" 5925: 5026:"Ocular surface squamous neoplasia – Review of etio-pathogenesis and an update on clinico-pathological diagnosis" 4393: 3108: 3086: 3004: 1599: 1037:

during birth is around 20%, and in those who also breastfeed 35%. Treatment decreases this risk to less than 5%.

858: 320: 12466:"Therapy insight: AIDS-related malignancies – the influence of antiviral therapy on pathogenesis and management" 9849:

Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in adults and adolescents: recommendations for a public health approach

6441: 1265:

reason for the preferential loss of mucosal CD4 T cells is that the majority of mucosal CD4 T cells express the

1161:, allowing the virus and its host cell to avoid detection by the immune system. Alternatively, the virus may be 19599: 19469: 19341: 18377: 18363: 17663: 17424: 16691: 15723: 15442: 12501: 11059: 10528: 9285: 8171: 4761:

Primary HIV/AIDS care: a practical guide for primary health care personnel in a clinical and supportive setting

3803: 3282:

Many governments and research institutions participate in HIV/AIDS research. This research includes behavioral

3166:

campaign for AIDS education and the rights of those affected. These artists worked with various media formats.

2444: 897: 478: 167: 15468: 15113: 12656: 4909:

Walker BD (August–September 2007). "Elite control of HIV Infection: implications for vaccines and treatment".

2609:

was introduced at a meeting in July 1982. By September 1982 the CDC started referring to the disease as AIDS.

544: 19185: 18738: 17486: 17000: 16980: 16604: 16250: 12016:

Lawn SD (January 2004). "AIDS in Africa: the impact of coinfections on the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection".

10997:"Pneumococcal vaccination among HIV-infected adult patients in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy" 9965: 9436: 6830: 3217: 2697: 2659: 2594: 2145: 1965: 1636: 1530:

Stage 0: the time between a negative or indeterminate HIV test followed less than 180 days by a positive test

434: 18815: 4482:"NIH launches new collaboration to develop gene-based cures for sickle cell disease and HIV on global scale" 1954:

can be used to help decide if IPT is needed. Children with HIV may benefit from screening for tuberculosis.

19809: 19336: 18582: 18576: 18487: 18481: 18371: 18019: 17732: 17599: 16872: 16860: 16741: 16706: 16357:– Information on HIV/AIDS treatment, prevention, and research, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 15529: 10631: 7583:"CD4+ T cell depletion during all stages of HIV disease occurs predominantly in the gastrointestinal tract" 4942: 3380: 3189: 3175: 2968: 2773: 2529: 1902:(EMA) has recommended the granting of marketing authorizations for two new antiretroviral (ARV) medicines, 1872: 1423: 1071: 1014:

are theoretically at risk of infection but no confirmed cases have been documented. It is not possible for

484: 442: 153: 72: 19668: 15313: 14560:

Snyder M, Omoto AM, Crain AL (1999). "Punished for their good deeds: stigmatization for AIDS volunteers".

14103:

Chitnis A, Rawls D, Moore J (January 2000). "Origin of HIV type 1 in colonial French Equatorial Africa?".

8312:"WHO and UNAIDS announce recommendations from expert consultation on male circumcision for HIV prevention" 6314: 5801:"Mucosal HIV transmission and vaccination strategies through oral compared with vaginal and rectal routes" 3778: 904:. Genital ulcers increase the risk approximately fivefold. Other sexually transmitted infections, such as 566:

who may have been recently exposed to HIV should consider testing to find out if they have been infected.

19449: 19301: 19268: 18945: 18871: 18865: 18538: 18098: 17958: 17912: 17371: 17067: 16995: 16924: 16882: 16631: 16589: 3205: 3098: 3054:

At the household level, AIDS causes both loss of income and increased spending on healthcare. A study in

2995: 2887:; violence against HIV-infected individuals or people who are perceived to be infected with HIV; and the 1197: 636: 555: 430: 10948:"Influenza vaccination for immunocompromised patients: summary of a systematic review and meta-analysis" 10701: 10556: 9916:

Marrazzo JM, del Rio C, Holtgrave DR, Cohen MS, Kalichman SC, Mayer KH, et al. (July 23–30, 2014).

8315: 3876:

LeMessurier J, Traversy G, Varsaneux O, Weekes M, Avey MT, Niragira O, et al. (November 19, 2018).

2058: 1883:, especially with protease inhibitors. Other common symptoms include diarrhea, and an increased risk of 994:. In 2007, between 12% and 17% of infections in this region were attributed to medical syringe use. The 279:. It can be managed with treatment. Without treatment it can lead to a spectrum of conditions including 19612: 17061: 16985: 16975: 16711: 16544: 16517: 15775:"Sex and HIV education programs: their impact on sexual behaviors of young people throughout the world" 12051:

Campbell GR, Pasquier E, Watkins J, Bourgarel-Rey V, Peyrot V, Esquieu D, et al. (November 2004).

9521: 8759:"Voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) for changing HIV-related risk behavior in developing countries" 5750:

Beyrer C, Baral SD, van Griensven F, Goodreau SM, Chariyalertsak S, Wirtz AL, et al. (July 2012).

2631: 2626:. Gallo claimed a virus which his group had isolated from a person with AIDS was strikingly similar in 1696: 575: 558:

as signs of HIV infection. Family doctors or hospitals can misdiagnose cases as one of the many common

351:

which are rare in people who have normal immune function. The late stage is often also associated with

14432: 12210:(Sixth ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 154. 4938:"Review of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-related opportunistic infections in sub-Saharan Africa" 1273:

to gain access to the cells, whereas only a small fraction of CD4 T cells in the bloodstream do so. A

19799: 19435: 19415: 19330: 19325: 19320: 19315: 19310: 19245: 19002: 18609: 18000: 17647: 17535: 17503: 17491: 17444: 17020: 16331: 16324: 14763: 10596: 8598: 6750: 6664: 3463: 3311: 3148: 3082: 2488: 2436:

persons who engage in transaction sex the second and third populations most impacted in this region.

2425: 2308: 1977:. Appropriate preventive measures reduced the rate of these infections by 50% between 1992 and 1997. 1899: 1708: 1629: 1427: 1131: 995: 407: 211: 11936: 7407:

Pantaleo G, Demarest JF, Schacker T, Vaccarezza M, Cohen OJ, Daucher M, et al. (January 1997).

2837:

was estimated at 5%, suggesting that several thousand individuals in the country had been infected.

2389: 840:, sweat, tears, urine, or vomit unless these are contaminated with blood. It is also possible to be 19794: 19484: 19232: 18711: 18623: 18528: 18358: 18331: 18303: 18236: 17696: 17376: 17226: 17099: 16787: 16746: 16455: 13040:

Friedman-Kien AE (October 1981). "Disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma syndrome in young homosexual men".

9847: 9736: 9246:

Kuhar DT, Henderson DK, Struble KA, Heneine W, Thomas V, Cheever LW, et al. (September 2013).

7581:

Brenchley JM, Schacker TW, Ruff LE, Price DA, Taylor JH, Beilman GJ, et al. (September 2004).

6260: 4140: 3307: 3181: 2363: 2285: 2042:, whose effectiveness has not been established. There is not enough evidence to support the use of 1917: 1658: 1162: 873: 688:(HHV-8). Cervical cancer occurs more frequently in those with AIDS because of its association with 642: 603: 532: 508: 403: 207: 15889: 12331:"Antiretroviral therapy and the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis: a meta-analytic review" 10946:

Beck CR, McKenzie BC, Hashim AB, Harris RC, Zanuzdana A, Agboado G, et al. (September 2013).

7532:

Mehandru S, Poles MA, Tenner-Racz K, Horowitz A, Hurley A, Hogan C, et al. (September 2004).

5103:

Sestak K (July 2005). "Chronic diarrhea and AIDS: insights into studies with non-human primates".

3573: 1609:

may increase the risk of transmission due to its tendency to cause vaginal and rectal irritation.

335:. During this period the person may not know that they are HIV-positive, yet they will be able to 19584: 19569: 19565: 18507: 18116: 17713: 17594: 17466: 17341: 17259: 17161: 16726: 16721: 16360: 15059:

The macroeconomic impact of AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa, Population and Human Resources Department

11155: 9468:

Horvath T, Madi BC, Iuppa IM, Kennedy GE, Rutherford G, Read JS (January 2009). Horvath T (ed.).

5894: 5549:"HIV is not transmitted under fully suppressive therapy: The Swiss Statement – eight years later" 5166:

Donegan E, Stuart M, Niland JC, Sacks HS, Azen SP, Dietrich SL, et al. (November 15, 1990).

4088: 2816:

experts and technicians from all over the world to assist in filling administrative gaps left by

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Stage 2: CD4 count 200 to 500 cells/μL and no AIDS-defining conditions

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AIDS stigma has been further divided into the following three categories:

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People with HIV/AIDS are up to four times more likely to develop type 2

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One of the first high-profile cases of AIDS was the American gay actor

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HIV/AIDS affects the economics of both individuals and countries. The

2384:

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on

1533:

Stage 1: CD4 count ≥ 500 cells/μL and no AIDS-defining conditions

1308: 928:

infection, rates of transmission are approximately eightfold greater.

19685: 19061: 19042: 19009: 18997: 18991: 18970: 18916: 18844: 18730: 18692: 18461: 18440: 18346: 18224: 18216: 18204: 18078: 17991: 17720: 17680: 16501: 15024: 13981:"Direct evidence of extensive diversity of HIV-1 in Kinshasa by 1960" 12624: 12569: 11014: 10052: 7282: 2801: 2704:(HIV-1 descends from the SIVcpz endemic in the chimpanzee subspecies 2479:

Groups at higher risk of acquiring HIV include persons who engage in

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In the US, approximately 60% of people with HIV use various forms of

2004: 1959: 1947: 1832: 1716: 1666: 1595: 1502: 1257: 1154: 1135: 905: 228: 16375: 16354: 14866:"PrEP slutshaming is still alive and well – and it's harming us all" 13313: 12465: 12050: 11838:

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AIDS stigma exists around the world in a variety of ways, including

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Denying AIDS: Conspiracy Theories, Pseudoscience, and Human Tragedy

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Opportunistic infection § Opportunistic Infection and HIV/AIDS

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and therefore may be unsuitable for women hoping to have children.

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HIV/AIDS, Gender, Human Security and Violence in Southern Africa

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Trends in new cases and deaths per year from HIV/AIDS, 1990-2017

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testing are confirmed either by a different antibody or by PCR.

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Women's Issues for a New Generation: A Social Work Perspective

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European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership

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and organizations around the world have communicated this as

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Stage III: Advanced symptoms, which may include unexplained

1229:

After the virus enters the body, there is a period of rapid

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2018 Recommendations of the International Antiviral Society

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Globally, the most common mode of HIV transmission is via

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is converted (reverse transcribed) into double-stranded

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Days after exposure needed for the test to be accurate

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Risk of transmission increases in the presence of many

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Department of Health and Human Services, February 2014

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Geneva: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS.

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by more than one strain of HIV—a condition known as

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List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate

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President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)

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On November 24, 1991, British rock star 1699:appear effective in decreasing this risk. 458:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 235:11 years life expectancy without treatment 233:Near normal life expectancy with treatment 18324:Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type 16041: 15969: 15959: 15905: 15807: 15790: 15713:"HIV Public Knowledge and Attitudes 2014" 15562:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 187. 15033: 15023: 14998:Robinson R, Okpo E, Mngoma N (May 2015). 14841: 14734:"China relaxes laws on love and marriage" 14700: 14659: 14350: 14348: 14273: 14212: 14079: 14069: 14014: 13955: 13921: 13898: 13863: 13846: 13797: 13739: 13698: 13633: 13584: 13574: 13140: 13012: 12632: 12516: 12346: 12305: 12136:. World Health Organization. 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Some people also develop 494: 243:71.3 million – 112.8 million total cases 18041: 16179:"Indicators – Program Evaluation – CDC" 15992: 15633: 15627: 15253:"November 24, 1991: Giant of rock dies" 15218: 14968: 14784: 14731: 14685:"The evolving epidemiology of HIV/AIDS" 14615:from the original on September 24, 2015 14553: 14312: 14294:from the original on September 10, 2017 14140: 13525:from the original on September 11, 2015 13505:Aldrich R, Wotherspoon G, eds. (2001). 13364: 12224:from the original on September 24, 2015 11485:International Journal of STD & AIDS 11002:Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 10952:Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 10879:Department of Health and Human Services 10827:"HIV-associated Pneumocystis pneumonia" 10735:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 10618: 10577: 9973:Department of Health and Human Services 9769:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 9577: 8378:Eaton L, Kalichman SC (November 2009). 7702:from the original on September 24, 2015 7507:. 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Someone with an 328: 14: 19782: 19590:Terminal complement pathway deficiency 16253:from the original on September 2, 2018 16072: 16023: 15693:from the original on December 21, 2023 15654:from the original on December 21, 2023 15576:from the original on November 27, 2015 15475:from the original on September 3, 2012 15326:from the original on November 11, 2012 15233:from the original on November 14, 2011 15188:"Rock Hudson, Screen Idol, Dies at 59" 15185: 15101:from the original on November 12, 2011 15050: 14987:from the original on October 12, 2012. 14774:from the original on December 1, 2017. 14594: 14452: 14408:from the original on February 11, 2009 14393: 14345: 14146: 13924:"Origins of HIV and the AIDS Pandemic" 13658: 13455: 13370: 13299: 13196:from the original on October 18, 2011. 12978: 12966:from the original on February 12, 2019 12765:HIV in the United Kingdom: 2016 Report 12723: 12721: 12719: 12681: 12679: 12677: 12525:Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 11049:World Health Organization (May 2003). 10927:from the original on November 28, 2015 10718:from the original on October 19, 2014. 10545:from the original on October 18, 2014. 10536:Consolidated ARV guidelines, June 2013 10483:The Indian Journal of Medical Research 10143: 9897:from the original on November 26, 2023 9881: 9879: 9629: 9627: 9625: 9623: 9621: 9619: 9617: 9615: 9306: 8687:from the original on November 13, 2018 8473:Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 8202:Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 6746:"Infant feeding in the context of HIV" 6525:"Basic Information about HIV and AIDS" 6006:Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 5870:from the original on November 30, 2015 5669:from the original on December 18, 2016 5468: 5102: 4929: 4908: 4872: 4587:from the original on October 31, 2013. 4492:from the original on September 4, 2021 4412:from the original on December 21, 2019 4312:"Origins of HIV and the AIDS pandemic" 4281: 4232:from the original on February 22, 2016 4072: 3940:from the original on December 11, 2023 3828:from the original on October 14, 2015. 3540: 3515:from the original on February 24, 2016 3470:from the original on February 17, 2016 2840: 1918:Cabotegravir combined with rilpivirine 1727:—as this may reduce the risk further. 1410:Most people infected with HIV develop 1381:. 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Comprehensive 1600:reverse transcriptase inhibitor 1568:, Himachal Pradesh, India, 2010 898:sexually transmitted infections 725: 710: 483:There are three main stages of 412:treating those who are infected 19600:Complement receptor deficiency 19470:Adenosine deaminase deficiency 18378:Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma 18364:Splenic marginal zone lymphoma 15917:. New York: Copernicus Books ( 15445:. CTV.ca News. 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Lentiviruses share many 1052: 1025: 758:Percutaneous needle stick 722: 476: 443:Catholic Church's position 303:undetectable. There is no 53:HIV disease, HIV infection 29: 19538: 19515: 19497: 19445: 19375: 19350: 19282: 19259: 19240: 19231: 19149: 19125: 19033: 18956: 18911: 18900: 18729: 18691: 18670: 18638: 18610:Cytomegalovirus retinitis 18593: 18547: 18426: 18415: 18388: 18215: 18150: 18117:African sleeping sickness 18097: 18049: 17935: 17820: 17797: 17772: 17671: 17612: 17582: 17534: 17502: 17452: 17443: 17415: 17250: 17107: 17098: 17021:Treatment Action Campaign 16958: 16843: 16775: 16737:Tuberculosis co-infection 16684: 16605:disease progression rates 16572: 16481: 16369: 16247:World Health Organization 16024:Watson J (January 2006). 15851:"The Duesberg phenomenon" 15849:Cohen J (December 1994). 15314:"Tributes to Arthur Ashe" 14319:. Routledge. p. 12. 14274:Lederberg J, ed. 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Oxford: 5117:10.2174/1570162054368084 3343:"What Are HIV and AIDS?" 3308:pre-exposure prophylaxis 3294:, such as research into 3143:, was the winner of the 2900:Instrumental AIDS stigma 2700:(SIV) that infects wild 2493:persons who inject drugs 2364:Epidemiology of HIV/AIDS 2332:neurocognitive disorders 2286:opportunistic infections 1932:Opportunistic infections 1749:Programs to prevent the 1693:needle-exchange programs 1659:Pre-exposure prophylaxis 1254:opportunistic infections 874:men who had sex with men 643:Opportunistic infections 604:long-term nonprogressors 533:opportunistic infections 517:large tender lymph nodes 416:needle exchange programs 345:opportunistic infections 208:pre-exposure prophylaxis 132:Opportunistic infections 19585:Complement 3 deficiency 19570:Complement 4 deficiency 19566:Complement 2 deficiency 18508:Encephalitis lethargica 18209:viral systemic diseases 18163:Priority review voucher 17714:Klebsiella granulomatis 17068:AIDS–Holocaust metaphor 17051:Gay Men's Health Crisis 16727:Opportunistic infection 15878:10.1126/science.7992043 15836:10.1126/science.3399880 15221:"Thatcher the gay icon" 14433:Encyclopædia Britannica 14137:(subscription required) 14117:10.1089/088922200309548 14029:(subscription required) 13762:(subscription required) 13691:10.1126/science.1126531 13576:10.1073/pnas.0705329104 13484:10.1126/science.6601823 13406:"A Name for the Plague" 13233:10.1126/science.6189183 12476:(8): 406–15, quiz 423. 11156:Frontiers in Bioscience 11118:10.3945/ajcn.111.011999 10815:UNAIDS 2011 pg. 150–160 10496:10.4103/0971-5916.92634 9442:. 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December 6, 2015. 3316:circumcision and HIV 3304:antiretroviral drugs 3284:health interventions 3249:Several discredited 2928:intravenous drug use 2926:, prostitution, and 2912:Courtesy AIDS stigma 2906:Symbolic AIDS stigma 2806:Congo's independence 2714:Cercocebus atys atys 2656:African green monkey 2562:Pneumocystis carinii 2523:Timeline of HIV/AIDS 2499:, and those who are 2034:Alternative medicine 1952:tuberculin skin test 1685:Intravenous drug use 933:those in pornography 726:Chance of infection 690:human papillomavirus 579:people also develop 388:from mother to child 295:(people living with 121:, fever, weight loss 19810:Slow virus diseases 18569:Post-polio syndrome 18205:Infectious diseases 18051:Diseases of poverty 18043:Diseases of poverty 17686:Haemophilus ducreyi 16945:AIDS Memorial Quilt 16757:HIV-positive people 16159:Boghardt T (2009). 15895:on January 1, 2007. 15870:1994Sci...266.1642C 15828:1988Sci...241..514D 15720:National AIDS Trust 14205:1998Natur.391..594Z 14062:2010PLoSO...5.9936S 14007:10.1038/nature07390 13999:2008Natur.455..661W 13683:2006Sci...313..523K 13626:1999Natur.397..436G 13567:2007PNAS..10418566G 13476:1983Sci...220..865G 13225:1983Sci...220..868B 12930:Republican-American 12739:. 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Retroviridae" 6553:Rutgers University 5433:10.1093/ije/dyn151 4884:Discovery Medicine 4836:Elliott T (2012). 4282:Harden VA (2012). 3164:Rosa von Praunheim 3010: 2961:in San Francisco. 2869: 2824:, stipulates that 2679: 2593:, which stood for 2551: 2418: 2317:Burkitt's lymphoma 2282: 2126: 1840: 1669:, with or without 1617:sub-Saharan Africa 1583: 1570: 1408: 1400: 1328: 1326: 1227: 1219: 1079: 1065: 972:blood transfusions 954: 846:HIV superinfection 731:Blood transfusion 715: 674:Burkitt's lymphoma 620: 501: 473:Signs and symptoms 384:blood transfusions 380:hypodermic needles 176:needlestick injury 112:: Flu-like illness 94:Infectious disease 19608: 19607: 19493: 19492: 19392:thymic hypoplasia 19377:T cell deficiency 19371: 19370: 19183: 19182: 19145: 19144: 18896: 18895: 18827:Influenza virus A 18744:Human coronavirus 18634: 18633: 18624:Herpes of the eye 18171: 18170: 18009: 18008: 17901:HSV-1 & HSV-2 17889:Hepatitis B virus 17630: 17629: 17608: 17607: 17530: 17529: 17011:The SING Campaign 16900:HIV/AIDS activism 16888:Cost of treatment 16810:Timothy Ray Brown 16805:World AIDS Museum 16527: 16526: 16292:978-0-443-06839-3 16124:(5474): 2168–70. 16043:10.1038/nm0106-6a 15928:978-0-387-79475-4 15864:(5191): 1642–44. 15759:978-0-88163-223-1 15608:978-0-7983-0253-1 15569:978-1-4377-3621-2 15419:. 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April 9, 2021. 3993:978-0-7817-6299-1 3818:978-92-4-150956-5 3744:978-1-4020-5613-0 3705:978-0-387-93835-6 3466:. November 2015. 3271:HIV/AIDS research 3206:life imprisonment 3204:and sentenced to 3145:World Press Photo 3063:Religion and AIDS 3033:suicidal ideation 2883:or protection of 2736:are resistant to 2730:New World monkeys 2640:physical weakness 2481:transactional sex 2404: 2397: 2396: 2307:and AIDS-related 2279: 2278: 2273: 2264: 2255: 2244: 2235: 2226: 2217: 2208: 2197: 2188: 2179: 2170: 2161: 2122: 1,403–5,828 1881:diabetes mellitus 1810:Antiviral therapy 1745:HIV and pregnancy 1637:sexual abstinence 1632:is undetermined. 1406:Oraquick HIV test 1375: 1374: 1360: 1349: 1231:viral replication 1214: 1128:incubation period 1028:HIV and pregnancy 822: 821: 742: 645:may be caused by 564:unexplained fever 433:. There are many 337:pass on the virus 327:, and eventually 275:that attacks the 261: 260: 204:male circumcision 183:Diagnostic method 119:Large lymph nodes 39:Medical condition 16:(Redirected from 19822: 19800:Health disasters 19775: 19774:from Wikispecies 19767: 19766: 19765: 19758: 19750: 19749: 19748: 19741: 19740:from Wikiversity 19733: 19732: 19731: 19724: 19716: 19715: 19714: 19707: 19699: 19698: 19697: 19690: 19682: 19681: 19680: 19673: 19665: 19664: 19663: 19653: 19637: 19636: 19635: 19625: 19624: 19616: 19480:ZAP70 deficiency 19411:Nezelof syndrome 19257: 19256: 19238: 19237: 19225:immunodeficiency 19210: 19203: 19196: 19187: 19186: 18909: 18908: 18904:digestive system 18821:Orthomyxoviridae 18787:SARS coronavirus 18773:MERS coronavirus 18689: 18688: 18501:Orthomyxoviridae 18424: 18423: 18390:Immune disorders 18314:Hodgkin lymphoma 18290:Kaposi's sarcoma 18198: 18191: 18184: 18175: 18174: 18036: 18029: 18022: 18013: 18012: 17988: 17969: 17950: 17657: 17650: 17643: 17634: 17633: 17600:Papua New Guinea 17450: 17449: 17105: 17104: 16554: 16547: 16540: 16531: 16530: 16367: 16366: 16327: 16313: 16311: 16296: 16284: 16263: 16262: 16260: 16258: 16239: 16233: 16232: 16230: 16228: 16209: 16203: 16202: 16200: 16198: 16175: 16169: 16168: 16167:on May 14, 2011. 16156: 16150: 16149: 16113: 16107: 16106: 16070: 16064: 16063: 16045: 16021: 16015: 16014: 16012: 16010: 15990: 15984: 15983: 15973: 15963: 15939: 15933: 15932: 15916: 15903: 15897: 15896: 15894: 15888:. Archived from 15855: 15847: 15811: 15805: 15804: 15794: 15770: 15764: 15763: 15745: 15739: 15738: 15736: 15734: 15728: 15717: 15709: 15703: 15702: 15700: 15698: 15670: 15664: 15663: 15661: 15659: 15631: 15625: 15624: 15622: 15620: 15592: 15586: 15585: 15583: 15581: 15556:Jenny C (2010). 15553: 15547: 15546: 15544: 15542: 15521: 15515: 15514: 15512: 15510: 15491: 15485: 15484: 15482: 15480: 15465: 15459: 15458: 15456: 15454: 15439: 15433: 15432: 15430: 15428: 15405: 15399: 15398: 15396: 15394: 15373: 15367: 15366: 15364: 15362: 15353:. Archived from 15342: 15336: 15335: 15333: 15331: 15310: 15304: 15303: 15301: 15299: 15294:on July 30, 2013 15290:. Archived from 15288:iTENNISstore.com 15279: 15273: 15272: 15270: 15268: 15249: 15243: 15242: 15240: 15238: 15216: 15210: 15209: 15207: 15205: 15183: 15177: 15176: 15174: 15172: 15153: 15144: 15143: 15141: 15139: 15130:. June 5, 2011. 15120: 15111: 15110: 15108: 15106: 15095:News-medical.net 15087: 15081: 15080: 15078: 15076: 15070: 15063: 15054: 15048: 15047: 15037: 15027: 14995: 14989: 14988: 14986: 14975: 14966: 14957: 14956: 14954: 14952: 14946: 14933: 14927: 14924: 14913: 14912: 14884: 14878: 14877: 14875: 14873: 14862: 14856: 14855: 14845: 14828:(6): 1843–1854. 14813: 14807: 14806: 14804: 14802: 14782: 14776: 14775: 14760: 14754: 14753: 14751: 14749: 14729: 14723: 14722: 14704: 14680: 14674: 14673: 14663: 14631: 14625: 14624: 14622: 14620: 14592: 14586: 14585: 14557: 14551: 14550: 14548: 14546: 14541:on April 9, 2006 14540: 14534:. Archived from 14509: 14500: 14489: 14488: 14486: 14484: 14478: 14472:. Archived from 14465: 14456: 14450: 14449: 14447: 14445: 14424: 14418: 14417: 14415: 14413: 14391: 14385: 14384: 14382: 14380: 14355:Pépin J (2011). 14352: 14343: 14342: 14340: 14338: 14310: 14304: 14303: 14301: 14299: 14271: 14265: 14264: 14262: 14260: 14251:. June 5, 2021. 14241: 14235: 14234: 14216: 14199:(6667): 594–97. 14184: 14178: 14177: 14171: 14169: 14144: 14138: 14136: 14100: 14094: 14093: 14083: 14073: 14039: 14030: 14028: 14018: 13993:(7213): 661–64. 13976: 13970: 13969: 13959: 13919: 13913: 13912: 13902: 13885:(1410): 911–20. 13870: 13861: 13860: 13850: 13818: 13812: 13811: 13801: 13784:(1410): 867–76. 13769: 13763: 13761: 13743: 13719: 13713: 13712: 13702: 13677:(5786): 523–26. 13662: 13656: 13655: 13637: 13620:(6718): 436–41. 13605: 13599: 13598: 13588: 13578: 13561:(47): 18566–70. 13546: 13535: 13534: 13532: 13530: 13502: 13496: 13495: 13470:(4599): 865–67. 13459: 13453: 13452: 13432: 13426: 13425: 13423: 13421: 13416:on March 7, 2008 13412:. Archived from 13401: 13395: 13394: 13392: 13390: 13368: 13362: 13361: 13359: 13357: 13351: 13340: 13332: 13326: 13325: 13297: 13291: 13290: 13262: 13253: 13252: 13219:(4599): 868–71. 13207: 13198: 13197: 13169: 13163: 13162: 13144: 13135:(14): 3795–808. 13120: 13111: 13110: 13074: 13068: 13067: 13037: 13031: 13030: 13016: 12982: 12976: 12975: 12973: 12971: 12962:. June 5, 2006. 12952: 12946: 12945: 12943: 12941: 12932:. Archived from 12921: 12915: 12914: 12904: 12898: 12897: 12895: 12893: 12884:. Archived from 12874: 12868: 12865: 12859: 12858: 12856: 12845: 12837: 12831: 12830: 12824: 12816: 12814: 12808:. Archived from 12797: 12786: 12780: 12779: 12777: 12770: 12759: 12753: 12752: 12750: 12748: 12725: 12714: 12713: 12711: 12709: 12703: 12692: 12683: 12672: 12671: 12669: 12667: 12653: 12647: 12646: 12636: 12625:10.1172/JCI34706 12604: 12598: 12597: 12595: 12593: 12566: 12557: 12556: 12520: 12514: 12513: 12511: 12509: 12461: 12455: 12454: 12418: 12412: 12411: 12375: 12369: 12368: 12350: 12326: 12320: 12319: 12309: 12275: 12269: 12268: 12240: 12234: 12233: 12231: 12229: 12201: 12195: 12194: 12192: 12190: 12184: 12178:. Archived from 12167: 12156: 12150: 12149: 12147: 12145: 12130: 12124: 12123: 12113: 12104:(46): 38376–82. 12089: 12083: 12082: 12072: 12048: 12042: 12041: 12013: 12007: 12006: 11996: 11972: 11966: 11965: 11939: 11919: 11910: 11909: 11907: 11905: 11884: 11878: 11877: 11859: 11835: 11829: 11828: 11792: 11786: 11785: 11775: 11758:(9635): 293–99. 11743: 11734: 11733: 11731: 11729: 11723: 11716: 11707: 11701: 11700: 11682: 11658: 11649: 11648: 11612: 11601: 11600: 11572: 11566: 11565: 11555: 11523: 11517: 11516: 11480: 11474: 11473: 11463: 11431: 11425: 11424: 11407:(10): CD010666. 11400: 11394: 11393: 11369: 11360: 11359: 11349: 11317: 11311: 11310: 11308: 11306: 11291: 11285: 11284: 11274: 11242: 11236: 11235: 11217: 11193: 11187: 11186: 11172: 11146: 11140: 11139: 11129: 11095: 11089: 11088: 11082: 11074: 11072: 11070: 11064: 11057: 11046: 11037: 11036: 11026: 11015:10.4161/hv.32247 10992: 10986: 10985: 10975: 10943: 10937: 10936: 10934: 10932: 10904: 10895: 10894: 10892: 10890: 10871: 10865: 10864: 10854: 10822: 10816: 10813: 10804: 10803: 10783: 10777: 10776: 10766: 10726: 10720: 10719: 10717: 10706: 10698: 10692: 10691: 10689: 10687: 10666: 10660: 10654: 10653: 10649: 10647: 10645: 10622: 10616: 10614: 10612: 10610: 10588: 10575: 10574: 10572: 10561: 10553: 10547: 10546: 10544: 10533: 10525: 10519: 10518: 10508: 10498: 10474: 10468: 10467: 10457: 10431: 10420: 10419: 10409: 10385: 10374: 10373: 10336: 10330: 10327: 10321: 10320: 10284: 10278: 10277: 10267: 10235: 10229: 10228: 10226: 10224: 10184: 10178: 10177: 10141: 10135: 10134: 10116: 10107:(11): 1397–404. 10092: 10086: 10085: 10047: 10041: 10040: 10030: 9998: 9992: 9991: 9989: 9987: 9981: 9970: 9962: 9956: 9955: 9945: 9913: 9907: 9906: 9904: 9902: 9883: 9874: 9873: 9871: 9854: 9844: 9833: 9832: 9830: 9828: 9809: 9803: 9802: 9792: 9760: 9754: 9753: 9751: 9749: 9728: 9722: 9721: 9719: 9717: 9696: 9690: 9689: 9687: 9685: 9663: 9657: 9656: 9654: 9652: 9631: 9610: 9609: 9581: 9575: 9574: 9564: 9540: 9534: 9533: 9531: 9529: 9514: 9508: 9507: 9497: 9465: 9459: 9458: 9456: 9454: 9448: 9441: 9433: 9427: 9426: 9402: 9396: 9395: 9385: 9353: 9347: 9346: 9328: 9304: 9298: 9297: 9295: 9293: 9243: 9237: 9236: 9216: 9207: 9206: 9196: 9164: 9158: 9157: 9147: 9111: 9102: 9101: 9082:MMWR Supplements 9073: 9067: 9066: 9056: 9032: 9026: 9025: 8988: 8982: 8981: 8971: 8947: 8941: 8940: 8904: 8898: 8897: 8887: 8855: 8846: 8845: 8835: 8803: 8797: 8796: 8786: 8754: 8748: 8747: 8737: 8703: 8697: 8696: 8694: 8692: 8686: 8669: 8659: 8653: 8652: 8632: 8626: 8625: 8615: 8589: 8583: 8582: 8580: 8578: 8569:. Archived from 8542: 8536: 8535: 8511: 8505: 8504: 8468: 8462: 8461: 8425: 8419: 8417: 8407: 8375: 8369: 8368: 8358: 8326: 8320: 8319: 8318:on July 3, 2011. 8308: 8302: 8301: 8277: 8271: 8270: 8242: 8236: 8235: 8225: 8193: 8184: 8183: 8181: 8179: 8139: 8133: 8132: 8130: 8128: 8113: 8107: 8106: 8096: 8072: 8066: 8065: 8063: 8061: 8055: 8032: 8023: 8012: 8011: 8009: 8007: 8001: 7978: 7969: 7958: 7955: 7944: 7943: 7933: 7923: 7897: 7888: 7887: 7877: 7853: 7844: 7843: 7841: 7839: 7816: 7810: 7809: 7799: 7767: 7761: 7760: 7742: 7718: 7712: 7711: 7709: 7707: 7679: 7670: 7669: 7659: 7627: 7621: 7620: 7610: 7578: 7572: 7571: 7561: 7529: 7523: 7522: 7500: 7494: 7493: 7465: 7459: 7458: 7448: 7438: 7404: 7398: 7397: 7353: 7347: 7346: 7336: 7312: 7303: 7302: 7283:10.1002/sim.1342 7266: 7260: 7259: 7215: 7206: 7200: 7199: 7181: 7157: 7151: 7150: 7140: 7106: 7100: 7099: 7089: 7079: 7061: 7037: 7026: 7025: 7023: 7021: 6993: 6987: 6986: 6984: 6982: 6954: 6948: 6947: 6919: 6913: 6912: 6884: 6878: 6877: 6875: 6873: 6853: 6847: 6846: 6844: 6842: 6833:. Archived from 6815: 6809: 6808: 6798: 6774: 6768: 6767: 6765: 6763: 6758:on March 9, 2017 6742: 6731: 6730: 6720: 6703:(10): CD011323. 6688: 6682: 6681: 6679: 6677: 6668:. Archived from 6656: 6650: 6649: 6613: 6600: 6599: 6597: 6595: 6576: 6570: 6569: 6567: 6565: 6543: 6537: 6536: 6521: 6512: 6511: 6501: 6491: 6465: 6454: 6453: 6451: 6449: 6399: 6393: 6392: 6381: 6375: 6372: 6366: 6365: 6343: 6337: 6336: 6334: 6332: 6326: 6319: 6311: 6305: 6304: 6289: 6283: 6282: 6280: 6278: 6272: 6265: 6257: 6251: 6250: 6232: 6208: 6202: 6201: 6165: 6159: 6158: 6122: 6116: 6115: 6113: 6111: 6083: 6077: 6076: 6074: 6072: 6044: 6038: 6037: 6001: 5995: 5994: 5968: 5959: 5958: 5920: 5909: 5908: 5886: 5880: 5879: 5877: 5875: 5847: 5841: 5840: 5830: 5796: 5790: 5789: 5779: 5762:(9839): 367–77. 5747: 5741: 5740: 5730: 5698: 5679: 5678: 5676: 5674: 5668: 5661: 5653: 5647: 5646: 5644: 5642: 5619: 5613: 5612: 5610: 5608: 5585: 5579: 5578: 5568: 5544: 5538: 5537: 5527: 5517: 5493: 5487: 5486: 5466: 5455: 5454: 5444: 5412: 5406: 5405: 5395: 5363: 5354: 5353: 5336:Cunha B (2012). 5333: 5327: 5326: 5298: 5285: 5284: 5264: 5258: 5257: 5236: 5230: 5229: 5201: 5195: 5194: 5192: 5190: 5163: 5154: 5153: 5135: 5129: 5128: 5100: 5094: 5093: 5091: 5089: 5070: 5064: 5063: 5053: 5021: 5015: 5012: 4997: 4996: 4976: 4970: 4969: 4959: 4933: 4927: 4926: 4906: 4900: 4899: 4879: 4870: 4869: 4867: 4865: 4833: 4827: 4826: 4824: 4822: 4794: 4788: 4787: 4785: 4783: 4758:Evian C (2006). 4755: 4749: 4748: 4738: 4706: 4665: 4662: 4627: 4626: 4624: 4622: 4595: 4589: 4588: 4586: 4569: 4559: 4522: 4519: 4502: 4501: 4499: 4497: 4478: 4472: 4470: 4452: 4428: 4422: 4421: 4419: 4417: 4411: 4398: 4390: 4384: 4383: 4381: 4379: 4356: 4350: 4349: 4339: 4307: 4298: 4297: 4279: 4273: 4272: 4270: 4268: 4248: 4242: 4241: 4239: 4237: 4187: 4181: 4180: 4178: 4176: 4170: 4145: 4137: 4126: 4125: 4115: 4105: 4079: 4070: 4069: 4067: 4065: 4046: 4040: 4039: 4037: 4035: 4016: 4010: 4009: 4007: 4005: 3973: 3950: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3924: 3918: 3917: 3907: 3873: 3864: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3839: 3830: 3829: 3827: 3810: 3800: 3791: 3790: 3788: 3786: 3777:. Archived from 3767: 3761: 3760: 3758: 3756: 3731:Kirch W (2008). 3728: 3722: 3721: 3719: 3717: 3689: 3683: 3682: 3664: 3638: 3632: 3631: 3629: 3627: 3606: 3589: 3588: 3586: 3584: 3578: 3572:. Archived from 3571: 3562: 3551: 3550: 3538: 3525: 3524: 3522: 3520: 3501:"About HIV/AIDS" 3497: 3480: 3479: 3477: 3475: 3456: 3425: 3424: 3422: 3420: 3399: 3393: 3392: 3390: 3388: 3379:. Archived from 3369: 3363: 3362: 3360: 3358: 3339: 3292:drug development 3277:medical research 2759: 2718:Old World monkey 2638:of the neck and 2568:Kaposi's sarcoma 2398: 2379: 2378: 2371: 2305:Kaposi's sarcoma 2271: 2269: 2262: 2260: 2253: 2251: 2242: 2240: 2233: 2231: 2224: 2222: 2215: 2213: 2206: 2204: 2195: 2193: 2186: 2184: 2177: 2175: 2168: 2166: 2159: 2157: 2151: 2121: 2115: 2109: 2103: 2097: 2091: 2085: 2079: 2073: 2067: 2048:medical cannabis 2044:herbal medicines 1835:and the booster 1645:sexual education 1519:Kaposi's sarcoma 1358: 1343: 1331: 1327: 1322: 1316: 1215: 740: 720: 714: 670:Kaposi's sarcoma 466:Gates Foundation 454:first recognized 441:, including the 431:economic impacts 378:), contaminated 329:progress to AIDS 62: 42: 41: 21: 19832: 19831: 19825: 19824: 19823: 19821: 19820: 19819: 19795:1981 in biology 19780: 19779: 19778: 19768: 19763: 19761: 19757:from Wikivoyage 19751: 19746: 19744: 19734: 19729: 19727: 19717: 19712: 19710: 19700: 19695: 19693: 19683: 19678: 19676: 19672:from Wiktionary 19666: 19661: 19659: 19656: 19652:sister projects 19649:at Knowledge's 19643: 19633: 19631: 19619: 19611: 19609: 19604: 19541: 19534: 19522:Lymphocytopenia 19520: 19511: 19489: 19465: 19452: 19441: 19397:hypoparathyroid 19379: 19367: 19346: 19278: 19248: 19227: 19214: 19184: 19179: 19141: 19121: 19029: 19003:Gastroenteritis 18961: 18958:Gastroenteritis 18952: 18940:Cytomegalovirus 18903: 18892: 18860:Paramyxoviridae 18849:Avian influenza 18725: 18720:Cytomegalovirus 18684:viral pneumonia 18682: 18679:nasopharyngitis 18678: 18675: 18666: 18630: 18604:Cytomegalovirus 18589: 18543: 18431: 18418: 18411: 18384: 18251:Cervical cancer 18211: 18202: 18172: 18167: 18146: 18132:River blindness 18122:Schistosomiasis 18093: 18045: 18040: 18010: 18005: 17984: 17965: 17946: 17937: 17931: 17875:Genital warts ( 17816: 17793: 17768: 17667: 17661: 17631: 17626: 17604: 17578: 17526: 17498: 17439: 17411: 17357:Myanmar (Burma) 17246: 17094: 17080:Day Without Art 17026:The Global Fund 16954: 16883:Economic impact 16839: 16771: 16680: 16632:pathophysiology 16568: 16558: 16528: 16523: 16522: 16477: 16476: 16378: 16336: 16328: 16320: 16309: 16293: 16282: 16272: 16267: 16266: 16256: 16254: 16241: 16240: 16236: 16226: 16224: 16211: 16210: 16206: 16196: 16194: 16177: 16176: 16172: 16157: 16153: 16114: 16110: 16071: 16067: 16030:Nature Medicine 16022: 16018: 16008: 16006: 15991: 15987: 15940: 15936: 15929: 15904: 15900: 15892: 15853: 15812: 15808: 15771: 15767: 15760: 15746: 15742: 15732: 15730: 15726: 15715: 15711: 15710: 15706: 15696: 15694: 15687: 15671: 15667: 15657: 15655: 15648: 15632: 15628: 15618: 15616: 15609: 15593: 15589: 15579: 15577: 15570: 15554: 15550: 15540: 15538: 15523: 15522: 15518: 15508: 15506: 15505:on May 15, 2016 15493: 15492: 15488: 15478: 15476: 15467: 15466: 15462: 15452: 15450: 15441: 15440: 15436: 15426: 15424: 15407: 15406: 15402: 15392: 15390: 15375: 15374: 15370: 15360: 15358: 15343: 15339: 15329: 15327: 15319:The Independent 15312: 15311: 15307: 15297: 15295: 15280: 15276: 15266: 15264: 15257:BBC On This Day 15251: 15250: 15246: 15236: 15234: 15217: 15213: 15203: 15201: 15184: 15180: 15170: 15168: 15155: 15154: 15147: 15137: 15135: 15122: 15121: 15114: 15104: 15102: 15089: 15088: 15084: 15074: 15072: 15068: 15061: 15057:Over M (1992). 15055: 15051: 15010:(5): CD010090. 14996: 14992: 14984: 14973: 14967: 14960: 14950: 14948: 14947:on June 5, 2013 14944: 14934: 14930: 14925: 14916: 14895:(12): 583–615. 14885: 14881: 14871: 14869: 14864: 14863: 14859: 14814: 14810: 14800: 14798: 14791:Smithsonian.com 14783: 14779: 14762: 14761: 14757: 14747: 14745: 14730: 14726: 14695:(10): 1205–13. 14681: 14677: 14632: 14628: 14618: 14616: 14609: 14593: 14589: 14558: 14554: 14544: 14542: 14538: 14507: 14501: 14492: 14482: 14480: 14476: 14463: 14457: 14453: 14443: 14441: 14426: 14425: 14421: 14411: 14409: 14392: 14388: 14378: 14376: 14369: 14353: 14346: 14336: 14334: 14327: 14311: 14307: 14297: 14295: 14288: 14272: 14268: 14258: 14256: 14243: 14242: 14238: 14185: 14181: 14167: 14165: 14145: 14141: 14101: 14097: 14040: 14033: 13977: 13973: 13920: 13916: 13871: 13864: 13833:(12): 1928–30. 13819: 13815: 13770: 13766: 13720: 13716: 13663: 13659: 13606: 13602: 13547: 13538: 13528: 13526: 13519: 13503: 13499: 13460: 13456: 13433: 13429: 13419: 13417: 13402: 13398: 13388: 13386: 13369: 13365: 13355: 13353: 13349: 13338: 13334: 13333: 13329: 13314:10.2307/3397566 13298: 13294: 13263: 13256: 13208: 13201: 13170: 13166: 13121: 13114: 13075: 13071: 13038: 13034: 12983: 12979: 12969: 12967: 12954: 12953: 12949: 12939: 12937: 12936:on June 1, 2020 12922: 12918: 12907:"On this day". 12906: 12905: 12901: 12891: 12889: 12876: 12875: 12871: 12866: 12862: 12854: 12843: 12839: 12838: 12834: 12818: 12817: 12812: 12806: 12795: 12787: 12783: 12775: 12768: 12760: 12756: 12746: 12744: 12727: 12726: 12717: 12707: 12705: 12701: 12690: 12684: 12675: 12665: 12663: 12655: 12654: 12650: 12605: 12601: 12591: 12589: 12567: 12560: 12521: 12517: 12507: 12505: 12462: 12458: 12419: 12415: 12376: 12372: 12341:(17): 2165–74. 12327: 12323: 12276: 12272: 12241: 12237: 12227: 12225: 12218: 12202: 12198: 12188: 12186: 12182: 12176: 12165: 12157: 12153: 12143: 12141: 12132: 12131: 12127: 12090: 12086: 12049: 12045: 12014: 12010: 11973: 11969: 11937:10.1.1.561.4760 11920: 11913: 11903: 11901: 11886: 11885: 11881: 11850:(10): 1527–35. 11836: 11832: 11793: 11789: 11744: 11737: 11727: 11725: 11721: 11714: 11708: 11704: 11659: 11652: 11623:(12): 1219–28. 11613: 11604: 11583:(4): CD005175. 11573: 11569: 11538:(3): CD003937. 11524: 11520: 11481: 11477: 11432: 11428: 11401: 11397: 11376:(3): CD009755. 11370: 11363: 11318: 11314: 11304: 11302: 11293: 11292: 11288: 11257:(5): CD003650. 11243: 11239: 11208:(12): 1474–82. 11194: 11190: 11147: 11143: 11096: 11092: 11076: 11075: 11068: 11066: 11062: 11055: 11047: 11040: 11009:(12): 3700–10. 10993: 10989: 10944: 10940: 10930: 10928: 10921: 10905: 10898: 10888: 10886: 10873: 10872: 10868: 10823: 10819: 10814: 10807: 10788:The AIDS Reader 10784: 10780: 10741:(6): CD013693. 10727: 10723: 10715: 10704: 10700: 10699: 10695: 10685: 10683: 10667: 10663: 10651: 10643: 10641: 10624: 10623: 10619: 10608: 10606: 10590: 10589: 10578: 10570: 10559: 10555: 10554: 10550: 10542: 10531: 10527: 10526: 10522: 10475: 10471: 10432: 10423: 10386: 10377: 10337: 10333: 10328: 10324: 10285: 10281: 10236: 10232: 10222: 10220: 10185: 10181: 10142: 10138: 10093: 10089: 10060:(11): 1343–56. 10048: 10044: 9999: 9995: 9985: 9983: 9979: 9968: 9964: 9963: 9959: 9914: 9910: 9900: 9898: 9885: 9884: 9877: 9869: 9863: 9852: 9846: 9845: 9836: 9826: 9824: 9811: 9810: 9806: 9775:(6): CD012962. 9761: 9757: 9747: 9745: 9730: 9729: 9725: 9715: 9713: 9698: 9697: 9693: 9683: 9681: 9664: 9660: 9650: 9648: 9633: 9632: 9613: 9598:10.1071/SH11046 9582: 9578: 9541: 9537: 9527: 9525: 9516: 9515: 9511: 9480:(1): CD006734. 9466: 9462: 9452: 9450: 9446: 9439: 9435: 9434: 9430: 9409:(7): CD003510. 9403: 9399: 9368:(1): CD002835. 9354: 9350: 9305: 9301: 9291: 9289: 9244: 9240: 9218: 9217: 9210: 9165: 9161: 9112: 9105: 9074: 9070: 9033: 9029: 8989: 8985: 8948: 8944: 8905: 8901: 8870:(4): CD009153. 8856: 8849: 8818:(8): CD010243. 8804: 8800: 8769:(9): CD001224. 8755: 8751: 8704: 8700: 8690: 8688: 8684: 8678: 8667: 8661: 8660: 8656: 8633: 8629: 8590: 8586: 8576: 8574: 8553:(4): CD005421. 8543: 8539: 8518:(6): CD007496. 8512: 8508: 8469: 8465: 8426: 8422: 8376: 8372: 8327: 8323: 8310: 8309: 8305: 8284:(2): CD003362. 8278: 8274: 8253:(13): 1556–67. 8243: 8239: 8194: 8187: 8177: 8175: 8160:10.1071/SH11037 8140: 8136: 8126: 8124: 8115: 8114: 8110: 8094:10.1071/SH11036 8073: 8069: 8059: 8057: 8053: 8041:(RR-03): 1–10. 8030: 8024: 8015: 8005: 8003: 7999: 7987:(RR-10): 1–12. 7976: 7970: 7961: 7956: 7947: 7914:(7): e1000285. 7898: 7891: 7854: 7847: 7837: 7835: 7818: 7817: 7813: 7782:(12): 1365–71. 7776:Nature Medicine 7768: 7764: 7719: 7715: 7705: 7703: 7696: 7680: 7673: 7628: 7624: 7579: 7575: 7530: 7526: 7519: 7501: 7497: 7466: 7462: 7405: 7401: 7354: 7350: 7313: 7306: 7267: 7263: 7226:(7362): 95–98. 7213: 7207: 7203: 7158: 7154: 7107: 7103: 7052:(4): e1004179. 7038: 7029: 7019: 7017: 7010: 6994: 6990: 6980: 6978: 6971: 6955: 6951: 6920: 6916: 6895:(11): 1401–10. 6885: 6881: 6871: 6869: 6854: 6850: 6840: 6838: 6816: 6812: 6775: 6771: 6761: 6759: 6744: 6743: 6734: 6689: 6685: 6675: 6673: 6658: 6657: 6653: 6624:(10): 1163–75. 6614: 6603: 6593: 6591: 6578: 6577: 6573: 6563: 6561: 6544: 6540: 6523: 6522: 6515: 6466: 6457: 6447: 6445: 6400: 6396: 6383: 6382: 6378: 6373: 6369: 6356:(41): 1335–39. 6344: 6340: 6330: 6328: 6324: 6317: 6313: 6312: 6308: 6303:on May 1, 2013. 6291: 6290: 6286: 6276: 6274: 6270: 6263: 6259: 6258: 6254: 6209: 6205: 6166: 6162: 6123: 6119: 6109: 6107: 6100: 6086:Aral S (2013). 6084: 6080: 6070: 6068: 6061: 6045: 6041: 6002: 5998: 5977:(3): CD001220. 5969: 5962: 5921: 5912: 5905: 5887: 5883: 5873: 5871: 5864: 5848: 5844: 5797: 5793: 5748: 5744: 5699: 5682: 5672: 5670: 5666: 5659: 5655: 5654: 5650: 5640: 5638: 5621: 5620: 5616: 5606: 5604: 5587: 5586: 5582: 5545: 5541: 5494: 5490: 5467: 5458: 5413: 5409: 5364: 5357: 5350: 5334: 5330: 5299: 5288: 5265: 5261: 5237: 5233: 5206:N. Engl. J. Med 5202: 5198: 5188: 5186: 5178:(10): 733–739. 5164: 5157: 5150: 5136: 5132: 5101: 5097: 5087: 5085: 5072: 5071: 5067: 5022: 5018: 5013: 5000: 4977: 4973: 4934: 4930: 4907: 4903: 4880: 4873: 4863: 4861: 4854: 4846:. p. 273. 4834: 4830: 4820: 4818: 4811: 4795: 4791: 4781: 4779: 4772: 4756: 4752: 4707: 4668: 4663: 4630: 4620: 4618: 4611: 4597: 4596: 4592: 4584: 4578: 4567: 4561: 4560: 4525: 4520: 4505: 4495: 4493: 4480: 4479: 4475: 4429: 4425: 4415: 4413: 4409: 4396: 4392: 4391: 4387: 4377: 4375: 4358: 4357: 4353: 4308: 4301: 4294: 4280: 4276: 4266: 4264: 4249: 4245: 4235: 4233: 4188: 4184: 4174: 4172: 4168: 4162: 4143: 4139: 4138: 4129: 4080: 4073: 4063: 4061: 4048: 4047: 4043: 4033: 4031: 4018: 4017: 4013: 4003: 4001: 3994: 3974: 3953: 3943: 3941: 3926: 3925: 3921: 3874: 3867: 3857: 3855: 3840: 3833: 3825: 3819: 3808: 3802: 3801: 3794: 3784: 3782: 3769: 3768: 3764: 3754: 3752: 3745: 3729: 3725: 3715: 3713: 3706: 3690: 3686: 3655:(23): 1764–72. 3639: 3635: 3625: 3623: 3608: 3607: 3592: 3582: 3580: 3579:on May 27, 2008 3576: 3569: 3563: 3554: 3539: 3528: 3518: 3516: 3499: 3498: 3483: 3473: 3471: 3458: 3457: 3428: 3418: 3416: 3401: 3400: 3396: 3386: 3384: 3371: 3370: 3366: 3356: 3354: 3341: 3340: 3329: 3324: 3273: 3267: 3259:active measures 3244:in South Africa 3226:There are many 3224: 3216:Main articles: 3214: 3178: 3172: 3117:Freddie Mercury 3101: 3095: 3093:Media portrayal 3071: 3065: 3041:quality of life 3002: 2994:Main articles: 2992: 2990:Economic impact 2943:anti-homosexual 2885:confidentiality 2854: 2848: 2843: 2648: 2575:lymphadenopathy 2556:New York Native 2537: 2532: 2526: 2519: 2513: 2410: 2409: 2408: 2405: 2393: 2380: 2376: 2366: 2360: 2325:cervical cancer 2280: 2274: 2267: 2265: 2258: 2256: 2249: 2245: 2238: 2236: 2229: 2227: 2220: 2218: 2211: 2209: 2202: 2198: 2191: 2189: 2182: 2180: 2173: 2171: 2164: 2162: 2155: 2124: 2123: 2119: 2117: 2116: 459–1,402 2113: 2111: 2107: 2105: 2101: 2099: 2095: 2093: 2089: 2087: 2083: 2081: 2077: 2075: 2071: 2069: 2065: 2056: 2036: 1997: 1991: 1940: 1934: 1906:(Rekambys) and 1865:adverse effects 1812: 1800: 1794: 1778: 1772: 1747: 1741: 1739:Mother-to-child 1705: 1654: 1575: 1558: 1552: 1443: 1441:Classifications 1392: 1359:(ELISA 4th gen) 1324: 1320: 1318: 1314: 1306: 1300: 1202: 1200: 1194: 1192:Pathophysiology 1098:dendritic cells 1057: 1051: 1034: 1026:Main articles: 1024: 1022:Mother-to-child 981:transplantation 964:mucous membrane 946: 879:With regard to 863:Swiss Statement 854: 817: 815: 723:Exposure route 717: 713: 682:cervical cancer 612: 576:natural history 572: 493: 481: 475: 445:not to support 368:unprotected sex 256: 246: 244: 234: 200:needle exchange 113: 40: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 19830: 19829: 19818: 19817: 19812: 19807: 19802: 19797: 19792: 19777: 19776: 19759: 19742: 19725: 19723:from Wikiquote 19708: 19691: 19674: 19645: 19642: 19641: 19629: 19606: 19605: 19603: 19602: 19597: 19592: 19587: 19582: 19577: 19575:MBL deficiency 19572: 19563: 19546: 19544: 19536: 19535: 19533: 19532: 19526: 19524: 19513: 19512: 19510: 19509: 19503: 19501: 19495: 19494: 19491: 19490: 19488: 19487: 19482: 19477: 19475:Omenn syndrome 19472: 19456: 19454: 19443: 19442: 19440: 19439: 19420: 19419: 19413: 19404: 19387: 19385: 19373: 19372: 19369: 19368: 19366: 19365: 19360: 19354: 19352: 19348: 19347: 19345: 19344: 19339: 19334: 19328: 19323: 19318: 19313: 19304: 19302:IgM deficiency 19299: 19297:IgG deficiency 19294: 19292:IgA deficiency 19288: 19286: 19280: 19279: 19277: 19276: 19271: 19265: 19263: 19254: 19235: 19229: 19228: 19213: 19212: 19205: 19198: 19190: 19181: 19180: 19178: 19177: 19176: 19175: 19163: 19155: 19153: 19147: 19146: 19143: 19142: 19140: 19139: 19131: 19129: 19123: 19122: 19120: 19119: 19107: 19095: 19083: 19071: 19064: 19058: 19057: 19045: 19039: 19037: 19031: 19030: 19028: 19027: 19020: 19013: 19006: 18994: 18988: 18987: 18986: 18985: 18973: 18967: 18965: 18954: 18953: 18951: 18950: 18949: 18948: 18936: 18935: 18934: 18921: 18919: 18906: 18898: 18897: 18894: 18893: 18891: 18890: 18883: 18876: 18875: 18874: 18854: 18853: 18852: 18851: 18812: 18811: 18810: 18809: 18797: 18796: 18795: 18783: 18782: 18781: 18769: 18768: 18767: 18735: 18733: 18727: 18726: 18724: 18723: 18716: 18715: 18714: 18697: 18695: 18686: 18668: 18667: 18665: 18664: 18663: 18662: 18657: 18644: 18642: 18640:Cardiovascular 18636: 18635: 18632: 18631: 18629: 18628: 18627: 18626: 18614: 18613: 18612: 18599: 18597: 18591: 18590: 18588: 18587: 18586: 18585: 18573: 18572: 18571: 18566: 18553: 18551: 18545: 18544: 18542: 18541: 18536: 18531: 18526: 18525: 18524: 18512: 18511: 18510: 18497: 18492: 18491: 18490: 18478: 18477: 18476: 18464: 18458: 18457: 18456: 18455: 18443: 18437: 18435: 18421: 18419:nervous system 18413: 18412: 18410: 18409: 18408: 18407: 18394: 18392: 18386: 18385: 18383: 18382: 18381: 18380: 18368: 18367: 18366: 18361: 18349: 18343: 18342: 18341: 18340: 18328: 18327: 18326: 18321: 18316: 18311: 18306: 18294: 18293: 18292: 18280: 18279: 18278: 18273: 18271:Vaginal cancer 18268: 18263: 18258: 18253: 18241: 18240: 18239: 18227: 18221: 18219: 18213: 18212: 18201: 18200: 18193: 18186: 18178: 18169: 18168: 18166: 18165: 18160: 18154: 18152: 18148: 18147: 18145: 18144: 18139: 18134: 18129: 18127:Dracunculiasis 18124: 18119: 18114: 18112:Chagas disease 18109: 18103: 18101: 18095: 18094: 18092: 18091: 18086: 18081: 18076: 18071: 18066: 18061: 18055: 18053: 18047: 18046: 18039: 18038: 18031: 18024: 18016: 18007: 18006: 18004: 18003: 17994: 17989: 17981: 17980: 17975: 17970: 17962: 17961: 17956: 17951: 17943: 17941: 17933: 17932: 17930: 17929: 17917: 17905: 17904: 17903: 17896:Herpes simplex 17893: 17881: 17872: 17864: 17863: 17862: 17857: 17852: 17847: 17839: 17826: 17824: 17818: 17817: 17815: 17814: 17809: 17803: 17801: 17795: 17794: 17792: 17791: 17782:Trichomoniasis 17778: 17776: 17770: 17769: 17767: 17766: 17754: 17742: 17730: 17718: 17706: 17690: 17677: 17675: 17669: 17668: 17660: 17659: 17652: 17645: 17637: 17628: 17627: 17625: 17624: 17619: 17613: 17610: 17609: 17606: 17605: 17603: 17602: 17597: 17592: 17586: 17584: 17580: 17579: 17577: 17576: 17571: 17566: 17561: 17556: 17551: 17546: 17540: 17538: 17532: 17531: 17528: 17527: 17525: 17524: 17519: 17514: 17508: 17506: 17500: 17499: 17497: 17496: 17495: 17494: 17484: 17479: 17474: 17469: 17464: 17459: 17453: 17447: 17441: 17440: 17438: 17437: 17432: 17427: 17425:United Kingdom 17421: 17419: 17413: 17412: 17410: 17409: 17404: 17399: 17394: 17389: 17384: 17379: 17374: 17369: 17364: 17359: 17354: 17349: 17344: 17339: 17334: 17329: 17324: 17319: 17314: 17309: 17304: 17303: 17302: 17292: 17287: 17282: 17277: 17272: 17267: 17262: 17256: 17254: 17248: 17247: 17245: 17244: 17239: 17234: 17229: 17224: 17219: 17214: 17209: 17204: 17199: 17194: 17189: 17184: 17179: 17174: 17169: 17164: 17159: 17154: 17149: 17144: 17139: 17134: 17129: 17124: 17119: 17113: 17111: 17102: 17096: 17095: 17093: 17092: 17087: 17082: 17077: 17072: 17071: 17070: 17065: 17058: 17053: 17043: 17038: 17036:YAA/Youthforce 17033: 17031:World AIDS Day 17028: 17023: 17018: 17013: 17008: 17003: 16998: 16993: 16988: 16983: 16978: 16973: 16968: 16962: 16960: 16956: 16955: 16953: 16952: 16947: 16942: 16937: 16932: 16927: 16922: 16917: 16912: 16907: 16902: 16897: 16892: 16891: 16890: 16880: 16875: 16870: 16865: 16864: 16863: 16853: 16847: 16845: 16841: 16840: 16838: 16837: 16832: 16827: 16822: 16817: 16815:Berlin Patient 16812: 16807: 16802: 16797: 16796: 16795: 16785: 16779: 16777: 16773: 16772: 16770: 16769: 16764: 16759: 16754: 16749: 16744: 16739: 16734: 16732:Superinfection 16729: 16724: 16719: 16714: 16709: 16704: 16699: 16694: 16688: 16686: 16682: 16681: 16679: 16678: 16673: 16672: 16671: 16669:Teens / Adults 16666: 16656: 16655: 16654: 16649: 16644: 16639: 16634: 16629: 16624: 16614: 16613: 16612: 16607: 16602: 16597: 16592: 16587: 16576: 16574: 16570: 16569: 16557: 16556: 16549: 16542: 16534: 16525: 16524: 16521: 16520: 16509: 16498: 16486: 16485: 16483: 16479: 16478: 16475: 16474: 16463: 16452: 16441: 16422: 16403: 16379: 16374: 16373: 16371: 16370:Classification 16364: 16363: 16358: 16352: 16346: 16322: 16321: 16319: 16318:External links 16316: 16315: 16314: 16297: 16291: 16271: 16268: 16265: 16264: 16234: 16204: 16170: 16151: 16108: 16081:(9363): 1105. 16065: 16016: 15985: 15934: 15927: 15898: 15806: 15765: 15758: 15740: 15704: 15686:978-1913063689 15685: 15665: 15647:978-0190239404 15646: 15626: 15607: 15587: 15568: 15548: 15516: 15486: 15460: 15434: 15400: 15382:Deutsche Welle 15368: 15337: 15305: 15274: 15244: 15211: 15178: 15145: 15112: 15082: 15049: 14990: 14958: 14928: 14914: 14879: 14857: 14808: 14777: 14755: 14724: 14675: 14626: 14607: 14587: 14568:(7): 1175–92. 14552: 14518:(7): 1130–47. 14490: 14451: 14419: 14386: 14367: 14344: 14325: 14305: 14286: 14266: 14236: 14179: 14139: 14095: 14031: 13971: 13934:(1): a006841. 13914: 13862: 13813: 13764: 13714: 13657: 13600: 13536: 13517: 13497: 13454: 13427: 13396: 13363: 13327: 13292: 13254: 13199: 13184:(19): 249–51. 13164: 13112: 13069: 13032: 12977: 12947: 12916: 12899: 12869: 12860: 12832: 12804: 12781: 12754: 12715: 12673: 12648: 12619:(4): 1244–54. 12599: 12558: 12515: 12456: 12435:10.1038/nrc797 12413: 12370: 12321: 12270: 12235: 12216: 12196: 12174: 12151: 12134:"Tuberculosis" 12125: 12084: 12043: 12008: 11967: 11924:The Oncologist 11911: 11879: 11830: 11803:(11): 990–97. 11787: 11735: 11702: 11673:(4): 597–603. 11650: 11602: 11567: 11518: 11491:(6): 395–403. 11475: 11446:(8): 1002–18. 11426: 11395: 11361: 11332:(11): 671–81. 11312: 11286: 11237: 11188: 11163:(7): 2442–56. 11141: 11090: 11038: 10987: 10938: 10919: 10896: 10866: 10837:(3): 294–300. 10817: 10805: 10778: 10721: 10693: 10661: 10617: 10576: 10566:. March 2014. 10548: 10520: 10489:(6): 898–903. 10469: 10421: 10375: 10331: 10322: 10279: 10230: 10199:(8): 1242–57. 10179: 10136: 10087: 10042: 9993: 9957: 9928:(4): 390–409. 9908: 9875: 9861: 9834: 9804: 9755: 9723: 9691: 9658: 9611: 9576: 9535: 9509: 9460: 9428: 9397: 9348: 9299: 9266:10.1086/672271 9238: 9208: 9159: 9103: 9068: 9027: 8983: 8942: 8915:(10): 706–18. 8899: 8847: 8798: 8749: 8698: 8676: 8654: 8627: 8584: 8537: 8506: 8463: 8420: 8370: 8341:(10): 629–34. 8321: 8303: 8272: 8237: 8185: 8134: 8108: 8067: 8013: 7959: 7945: 7889: 7845: 7811: 7788:10.1038/nm1511 7762: 7713: 7694: 7671: 7622: 7573: 7524: 7517: 7495: 7460: 7399: 7348: 7304: 7261: 7201: 7172:(11): 815–26. 7152: 7101: 7027: 7008: 6988: 6969: 6949: 6914: 6879: 6848: 6810: 6769: 6732: 6683: 6651: 6601: 6571: 6538: 6531:. April 2012. 6513: 6455: 6394: 6376: 6367: 6338: 6306: 6284: 6252: 6203: 6160: 6117: 6098: 6078: 6059: 6039: 5996: 5960: 5910: 5903: 5897:. p. 95. 5881: 5862: 5842: 5813:(8): 1181–95. 5791: 5742: 5680: 5648: 5614: 5580: 5539: 5488: 5456: 5427:(6): 1255–65. 5407: 5355: 5348: 5328: 5286: 5259: 5248:(RR-2): 1–20. 5231: 5212:(3): 289–292. 5196: 5155: 5148: 5130: 5111:(3): 199–205. 5095: 5065: 5016: 4998: 4987:(4): 395–406. 4971: 4957:10.1086/367655 4928: 4901: 4890:(46): 261–66. 4871: 4852: 4828: 4809: 4789: 4770: 4750: 4666: 4628: 4609: 4590: 4576: 4523: 4503: 4473: 4423: 4385: 4351: 4322:(1): a006841. 4299: 4292: 4274: 4243: 4192:"Myth Busters" 4182: 4160: 4127: 4071: 4041: 4011: 3992: 3984:Wolters Kluwer 3951: 3919: 3865: 3831: 3817: 3792: 3762: 3743: 3723: 3704: 3684: 3633: 3590: 3552: 3526: 3481: 3426: 3394: 3364: 3326: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3269:Main article: 3266: 3263: 3240:AIDS denialism 3213: 3212:Misconceptions 3210: 3174:Main article: 3171: 3168: 3160:Diamanda Galás 3097:Main article: 3094: 3091: 3067:Main article: 3064: 3061: 2991: 2988: 2937:, there is an 2916: 2915: 2909: 2903: 2850:Main article: 2847: 2844: 2842: 2839: 2810:United Nations 2794:Robert Rayford 2710:sooty mangabey 2664:sooty mangabey 2647: 2644: 2618:Luc Montagnier 2536: 2533: 2515:Main article: 2512: 2509: 2445:United Kingdom 2406: 2395: 2394: 2383: 2381: 2374: 2369: 2368: 2367: 2362:Main article: 2359: 2356: 2277: 2276: 2266: 2257: 2248: 2246: 2237: 2228: 2219: 2210: 2201: 2199: 2190: 2181: 2172: 2163: 2154: 2149: 2118: 2112: 2106: 2100: 2094: 2088: 2082: 2076: 2070: 2064: 2063: 2055: 2052: 2035: 2032: 1993:Main article: 1990: 1987: 1936:Main article: 1933: 1930: 1857:mental illness 1844:antiretroviral 1811: 1808: 1796:Main article: 1793: 1790: 1774:Main article: 1771: 1768: 1756:bottle feeding 1743:Main article: 1740: 1737: 1732:sexual assault 1704: 1701: 1689:harm reduction 1653: 1650: 1641:peer education 1592:female condoms 1574: 1573:Sexual contact 1571: 1554:Main article: 1551: 1548: 1544: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1534: 1531: 1523: 1522: 1497:of the brain, 1491: 1484: 1473: 1466: 1449:purposes: the 1442: 1439: 1391: 1388: 1373: 1372: 1369: 1365: 1364: 1361: 1354: 1353: 1350: 1342:Antibody test 1339: 1338: 1335: 1319: 1313: 1302:Main article: 1299: 1296: 1247:seroconversion 1196:Main article: 1193: 1190: 1053:Main article: 1050: 1047: 1023: 1020: 959:drug injection 945: 942: 937:Sexual assault 914:trichomoniasis 902:genital ulcers 853: 850: 826:sexual contact 820: 819: 811: 810: 807: 803: 802: 799: 795: 794: 791: 787: 786: 783: 779: 778: 775: 771: 770: 767: 763: 762: 759: 755: 754: 751: 747: 746: 743: 736: 735: 732: 728: 727: 724: 712: 709: 611: 608: 596:T helper cells 586:Although most 571: 568: 554:are not often 492: 489: 477:Main article: 474: 471: 427:discrimination 259: 258: 257:630,000 (2023) 253: 249: 248: 241: 237: 236: 231: 225: 224: 219: 215: 214: 193: 189: 188: 185: 179: 178: 172:needle sharing 164: 158: 157: 151: 147: 146: 143: 139: 138: 129: 123: 122: 107: 101: 100: 91: 85: 84: 64: 63: 55: 54: 51: 47: 46: 38: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 19828: 19827: 19816: 19813: 19811: 19808: 19806: 19803: 19801: 19798: 19796: 19793: 19791: 19788: 19787: 19785: 19773: 19772: 19760: 19756: 19755: 19754:Travel guides 19743: 19739: 19738: 19726: 19722: 19721: 19709: 19706:from Wikinews 19705: 19704: 19692: 19688: 19687: 19675: 19671: 19670: 19658: 19657: 19654: 19648: 19640: 19630: 19628: 19623: 19618: 19617: 19614: 19601: 19598: 19596: 19593: 19591: 19588: 19586: 19583: 19581: 19578: 19576: 19573: 19571: 19567: 19564: 19561: 19557: 19553: 19552: 19548: 19547: 19545: 19543: 19537: 19531: 19528: 19527: 19525: 19523: 19518: 19514: 19508: 19505: 19504: 19502: 19500: 19496: 19486: 19483: 19481: 19478: 19476: 19473: 19471: 19468: 19464: 19461: 19458: 19457: 19455: 19451: 19448: 19444: 19437: 19433: 19430: 19429: 19428: 19427: 19424: 19417: 19414: 19412: 19408: 19407:euparathyroid 19405: 19402: 19398: 19395: 19393: 19389: 19388: 19386: 19383: 19378: 19374: 19364: 19361: 19359: 19356: 19355: 19353: 19349: 19343: 19340: 19338: 19335: 19332: 19329: 19327: 19324: 19322: 19319: 19317: 19314: 19312: 19308: 19305: 19303: 19300: 19298: 19295: 19293: 19290: 19289: 19287: 19285: 19281: 19275: 19272: 19270: 19267: 19266: 19264: 19262: 19258: 19255: 19252: 19247: 19243: 19239: 19236: 19234: 19230: 19226: 19222: 19218: 19211: 19206: 19204: 19199: 19197: 19192: 19191: 19188: 19174: 19171: 19170: 19169: 19168: 19164: 19162: 19161: 19157: 19156: 19154: 19152: 19148: 19138: 19137: 19133: 19132: 19130: 19128: 19124: 19117: 19113: 19112: 19108: 19105: 19101: 19100: 19096: 19093: 19089: 19088: 19084: 19081: 19077: 19076: 19072: 19070: 19069: 19065: 19063: 19060: 19059: 19055: 19051: 19050: 19046: 19044: 19041: 19040: 19038: 19036: 19032: 19026: 19025: 19021: 19019: 19018: 19014: 19012: 19011: 19007: 19004: 19000: 18999: 18995: 18993: 18990: 18989: 18984: 18981: 18980: 18979: 18978: 18974: 18972: 18969: 18968: 18966: 18964: 18959: 18955: 18947: 18944: 18943: 18942: 18941: 18937: 18933: 18930: 18929: 18928: 18927: 18923: 18922: 18920: 18918: 18914: 18910: 18907: 18905: 18899: 18889: 18888: 18884: 18882: 18881: 18877: 18873: 18872:Parainfluenza 18870: 18869: 18868: 18867: 18862: 18861: 18856: 18855: 18850: 18846: 18843: 18842: 18841: 18840: 18836: 18832: 18828: 18823: 18822: 18817: 18814: 18813: 18808: 18805: 18804: 18803: 18802: 18798: 18794: 18791: 18790: 18789: 18788: 18784: 18780: 18777: 18776: 18775: 18774: 18770: 18766: 18763: 18762: 18761: 18760: 18756: 18752: 18748: 18745: 18740: 18737: 18736: 18734: 18732: 18728: 18722: 18721: 18717: 18713: 18709: 18708:EBV infection 18706: 18705: 18704: 18703: 18699: 18698: 18696: 18694: 18690: 18687: 18685: 18680: 18673: 18669: 18661: 18658: 18656: 18653: 18652: 18651: 18650: 18646: 18645: 18643: 18641: 18637: 18625: 18622: 18621: 18620: 18619: 18615: 18611: 18608: 18607: 18606: 18605: 18601: 18600: 18598: 18596: 18592: 18584: 18581: 18580: 18579: 18578: 18574: 18570: 18567: 18565: 18564:Poliomyelitis 18562: 18561: 18560: 18559: 18555: 18554: 18552: 18550: 18546: 18540: 18537: 18535: 18532: 18530: 18527: 18523: 18520: 18519: 18518: 18517: 18513: 18509: 18506: 18505: 18503: 18502: 18498: 18496: 18493: 18489: 18486: 18485: 18484: 18483: 18479: 18475: 18472: 18471: 18470: 18469: 18465: 18463: 18460: 18459: 18454: 18451: 18450: 18449: 18448: 18444: 18442: 18439: 18438: 18436: 18434: 18429: 18425: 18422: 18420: 18414: 18406: 18403: 18402: 18401: 18400: 18396: 18395: 18393: 18391: 18387: 18379: 18376: 18375: 18374: 18373: 18369: 18365: 18362: 18360: 18357: 18356: 18355: 18354: 18350: 18348: 18345: 18344: 18339: 18336: 18335: 18334: 18333: 18329: 18325: 18322: 18320: 18317: 18315: 18312: 18310: 18307: 18305: 18302: 18301: 18300: 18299: 18295: 18291: 18288: 18287: 18286: 18285: 18281: 18277: 18274: 18272: 18269: 18267: 18266:Vulvar cancer 18264: 18262: 18261:Penile cancer 18259: 18257: 18254: 18252: 18249: 18248: 18247: 18246: 18242: 18238: 18235: 18234: 18233: 18232: 18228: 18226: 18223: 18222: 18220: 18218: 18214: 18210: 18206: 18199: 18194: 18192: 18187: 18185: 18180: 18179: 18176: 18164: 18161: 18159: 18156: 18155: 18153: 18151:Miscellaneous 18149: 18143: 18140: 18138: 18137:Leishmaniasis 18135: 18133: 18130: 18128: 18125: 18123: 18120: 18118: 18115: 18113: 18110: 18108: 18105: 18104: 18102: 18100: 18096: 18090: 18087: 18085: 18082: 18080: 18077: 18075: 18072: 18070: 18067: 18065: 18062: 18060: 18057: 18056: 18054: 18052: 18048: 18044: 18037: 18032: 18030: 18025: 18023: 18018: 18017: 18014: 18002: 17998: 17995: 17993: 17990: 17987: 17983: 17982: 17979: 17976: 17974: 17971: 17968: 17964: 17963: 17960: 17957: 17955: 17952: 17949: 17945: 17944: 17942: 17940: 17934: 17927: 17926: 17921: 17918: 17915: 17914: 17909: 17906: 17902: 17899: 17898: 17897: 17894: 17891: 17890: 17885: 17882: 17880: 17878: 17873: 17871: 17869: 17865: 17861: 17858: 17856: 17853: 17851: 17848: 17846: 17843: 17842: 17840: 17837: 17836: 17831: 17828: 17827: 17825: 17823: 17819: 17813: 17810: 17808: 17805: 17804: 17802: 17800: 17796: 17789: 17788: 17783: 17780: 17779: 17777: 17775: 17771: 17764: 17763: 17758: 17755: 17752: 17751: 17746: 17743: 17740: 17739: 17734: 17731: 17728: 17727: 17722: 17719: 17716: 17715: 17710: 17707: 17704: 17703: 17698: 17694: 17691: 17688: 17687: 17682: 17679: 17678: 17676: 17674: 17670: 17665: 17658: 17653: 17651: 17646: 17644: 17639: 17638: 17635: 17623: 17620: 17618: 17615: 17614: 17611: 17601: 17598: 17596: 17593: 17591: 17588: 17587: 17585: 17581: 17575: 17572: 17570: 17567: 17565: 17562: 17560: 17557: 17555: 17552: 17550: 17547: 17545: 17542: 17541: 17539: 17537: 17536:South America 17533: 17523: 17520: 17518: 17515: 17513: 17510: 17509: 17507: 17505: 17501: 17493: 17492:New York City 17490: 17489: 17488: 17487:United States 17485: 17483: 17480: 17478: 17475: 17473: 17470: 17468: 17465: 17463: 17460: 17458: 17455: 17454: 17451: 17448: 17446: 17445:North America 17442: 17436: 17433: 17431: 17428: 17426: 17423: 17422: 17420: 17418: 17414: 17408: 17405: 17403: 17400: 17398: 17395: 17393: 17390: 17388: 17385: 17383: 17380: 17378: 17375: 17373: 17370: 17368: 17365: 17363: 17360: 17358: 17355: 17353: 17350: 17348: 17345: 17343: 17340: 17338: 17335: 17333: 17330: 17328: 17325: 17323: 17320: 17318: 17315: 17313: 17310: 17308: 17305: 17301: 17298: 17297: 17296: 17293: 17291: 17288: 17286: 17283: 17281: 17278: 17276: 17273: 17271: 17268: 17266: 17263: 17261: 17258: 17257: 17255: 17253: 17249: 17243: 17240: 17238: 17235: 17233: 17230: 17228: 17225: 17223: 17220: 17218: 17215: 17213: 17210: 17208: 17205: 17203: 17200: 17198: 17195: 17193: 17190: 17188: 17185: 17183: 17180: 17178: 17175: 17173: 17170: 17168: 17165: 17163: 17160: 17158: 17155: 17153: 17150: 17148: 17145: 17143: 17140: 17138: 17135: 17133: 17130: 17128: 17125: 17123: 17120: 17118: 17115: 17114: 17112: 17110: 17106: 17103: 17101: 17097: 17091: 17088: 17086: 17083: 17081: 17078: 17076: 17073: 17069: 17066: 17064: 17063: 17059: 17057: 17054: 17052: 17049: 17048: 17047: 17044: 17042: 17039: 17037: 17034: 17032: 17029: 17027: 17024: 17022: 17019: 17017: 17014: 17012: 17009: 17007: 17004: 17002: 16999: 16997: 16994: 16992: 16989: 16987: 16984: 16982: 16979: 16977: 16974: 16972: 16969: 16967: 16964: 16963: 16961: 16957: 16951: 16948: 16946: 16943: 16941: 16938: 16936: 16933: 16931: 16928: 16926: 16923: 16921: 16920:Sex education 16918: 16916: 16913: 16911: 16908: 16906: 16903: 16901: 16898: 16896: 16893: 16889: 16886: 16885: 16884: 16881: 16879: 16876: 16874: 16871: 16869: 16866: 16862: 16859: 16858: 16857: 16854: 16852: 16849: 16848: 16846: 16842: 16836: 16833: 16831: 16828: 16826: 16823: 16821: 16818: 16816: 16813: 16811: 16808: 16806: 16803: 16801: 16798: 16794: 16791: 16790: 16789: 16786: 16784: 16781: 16780: 16778: 16774: 16768: 16765: 16763: 16760: 16758: 16755: 16753: 16750: 16748: 16745: 16743: 16740: 16738: 16735: 16733: 16730: 16728: 16725: 16723: 16720: 16718: 16715: 16713: 16710: 16708: 16707:Lipodystrophy 16705: 16703: 16700: 16698: 16695: 16693: 16690: 16689: 16687: 16683: 16677: 16674: 16670: 16667: 16665: 16662: 16661: 16660: 16657: 16653: 16650: 16648: 16645: 16643: 16640: 16638: 16635: 16633: 16630: 16628: 16625: 16623: 16620: 16619: 16618: 16615: 16611: 16608: 16606: 16603: 16601: 16598: 16596: 16593: 16591: 16588: 16586: 16583: 16582: 16581: 16578: 16577: 16575: 16571: 16566: 16562: 16555: 16550: 16548: 16543: 16541: 16536: 16535: 16532: 16519: 16515: 16514: 16510: 16508: 16504: 16503: 16499: 16497: 16493: 16492: 16488: 16487: 16484: 16480: 16473: 16469: 16468: 16464: 16462: 16458: 16457: 16453: 16451: 16447: 16446: 16442: 16440: 16436: 16432: 16431: 16427: 16423: 16421: 16417: 16413: 16412: 16408: 16404: 16402: 16398: 16394: 16390: 16389: 16385: 16381: 16380: 16377: 16372: 16368: 16362: 16359: 16356: 16353: 16350: 16347: 16345: 16341: 16338: 16337: 16334: 16333: 16326: 16308: 16307: 16302: 16298: 16294: 16288: 16281: 16280: 16274: 16273: 16252: 16248: 16244: 16238: 16222: 16218: 16214: 16208: 16192: 16188: 16186: 16180: 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15404: 15388: 15384: 15383: 15378: 15372: 15356: 15352: 15351:LIFE magazine 15348: 15341: 15325: 15321: 15320: 15315: 15309: 15293: 15289: 15285: 15278: 15262: 15258: 15254: 15248: 15232: 15228: 15227: 15226:New Statesman 15222: 15215: 15199: 15195: 15194: 15189: 15182: 15166: 15162: 15158: 15152: 15150: 15133: 15129: 15125: 15119: 15117: 15100: 15096: 15092: 15091:"AIDS Stigma" 15086: 15067: 15060: 15053: 15045: 15041: 15036: 15031: 15026: 15021: 15017: 15013: 15009: 15005: 15001: 14994: 14983: 14979: 14972: 14965: 14963: 14943: 14939: 14932: 14923: 14921: 14919: 14910: 14906: 14902: 14898: 14894: 14890: 14883: 14868:. May 3, 2024 14867: 14861: 14853: 14849: 14844: 14839: 14835: 14831: 14827: 14823: 14819: 14812: 14796: 14792: 14788: 14781: 14773: 14769: 14765: 14759: 14743: 14739: 14738:The Telegraph 14735: 14728: 14720: 14716: 14712: 14708: 14703: 14698: 14694: 14690: 14686: 14679: 14671: 14667: 14662: 14657: 14653: 14649: 14646:(3): 371–77. 14645: 14641: 14637: 14630: 14614: 14610: 14604: 14600: 14599: 14591: 14583: 14579: 14575: 14571: 14567: 14563: 14556: 14537: 14533: 14529: 14525: 14521: 14517: 14513: 14506: 14499: 14497: 14495: 14475: 14471: 14470: 14462: 14455: 14439: 14435: 14434: 14429: 14423: 14407: 14403: 14402: 14397: 14390: 14374: 14370: 14364: 14360: 14359: 14351: 14349: 14332: 14328: 14322: 14318: 14317: 14309: 14293: 14289: 14283: 14279: 14278: 14270: 14254: 14250: 14246: 14240: 14232: 14228: 14224: 14220: 14215: 14214:10.1038/35400 14210: 14206: 14202: 14198: 14194: 14190: 14183: 14176: 14168:September 17, 14163: 14159: 14158: 14153: 14149: 14143: 14134: 14130: 14126: 14122: 14118: 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12644: 12640: 12635: 12630: 12626: 12622: 12618: 12614: 12610: 12603: 12587: 12583: 12579: 12575: 12571: 12565: 12563: 12554: 12550: 12546: 12542: 12538: 12534: 12530: 12526: 12519: 12503: 12499: 12495: 12491: 12487: 12483: 12479: 12475: 12471: 12467: 12460: 12452: 12448: 12444: 12440: 12436: 12432: 12429:(5): 373–82. 12428: 12424: 12417: 12409: 12405: 12401: 12397: 12393: 12389: 12386:(2): 179–89. 12385: 12381: 12374: 12366: 12362: 12358: 12354: 12349: 12344: 12340: 12336: 12332: 12325: 12317: 12313: 12308: 12303: 12299: 12295: 12292:(2): 152–68. 12291: 12287: 12286: 12281: 12274: 12266: 12262: 12258: 12254: 12250: 12246: 12239: 12223: 12219: 12213: 12209: 12208: 12200: 12181: 12177: 12171: 12164: 12163: 12155: 12139: 12135: 12129: 12121: 12117: 12112: 12107: 12103: 12099: 12095: 12088: 12080: 12076: 12071: 12066: 12062: 12058: 12054: 12047: 12039: 12035: 12031: 12027: 12023: 12019: 12012: 12004: 12000: 11995: 11990: 11986: 11982: 11978: 11971: 11963: 11959: 11955: 11951: 11947: 11943: 11938: 11933: 11930:(6): 412–26. 11929: 11925: 11918: 11916: 11899: 11895: 11894: 11889: 11883: 11875: 11871: 11867: 11863: 11858: 11853: 11849: 11845: 11841: 11834: 11826: 11822: 11818: 11814: 11810: 11806: 11802: 11798: 11791: 11783: 11779: 11774: 11769: 11765: 11761: 11757: 11753: 11749: 11742: 11740: 11720: 11713: 11706: 11698: 11694: 11690: 11686: 11681: 11676: 11672: 11668: 11664: 11657: 11655: 11646: 11642: 11638: 11634: 11630: 11626: 11622: 11618: 11611: 11609: 11607: 11598: 11594: 11590: 11586: 11582: 11578: 11571: 11563: 11559: 11554: 11549: 11545: 11541: 11537: 11533: 11529: 11522: 11514: 11510: 11506: 11502: 11498: 11494: 11490: 11486: 11479: 11471: 11467: 11462: 11457: 11453: 11449: 11445: 11441: 11437: 11430: 11422: 11418: 11414: 11410: 11406: 11399: 11391: 11387: 11383: 11379: 11375: 11368: 11366: 11357: 11353: 11348: 11343: 11339: 11335: 11331: 11327: 11323: 11316: 11300: 11296: 11290: 11282: 11278: 11273: 11268: 11264: 11260: 11256: 11252: 11248: 11241: 11233: 11229: 11225: 11221: 11216: 11211: 11207: 11203: 11199: 11192: 11184: 11180: 11176: 11171: 11166: 11162: 11158: 11157: 11152: 11145: 11137: 11133: 11128: 11123: 11119: 11115: 11111: 11107: 11106: 11101: 11094: 11086: 11080: 11061: 11054: 11053: 11045: 11043: 11034: 11030: 11025: 11020: 11016: 11012: 11008: 11004: 11003: 10998: 10991: 10983: 10979: 10974: 10969: 10965: 10961: 10957: 10953: 10949: 10942: 10926: 10922: 10916: 10912: 10911: 10903: 10901: 10884: 10880: 10876: 10870: 10862: 10858: 10853: 10848: 10844: 10840: 10836: 10832: 10828: 10821: 10812: 10810: 10801: 10797: 10793: 10789: 10782: 10774: 10770: 10765: 10760: 10756: 10752: 10748: 10744: 10740: 10736: 10732: 10725: 10714: 10710: 10703: 10697: 10681: 10677: 10676: 10672: 10665: 10658: 10657:public domain 10639: 10635: 10633: 10627: 10621: 10604: 10600: 10598: 10593: 10587: 10585: 10583: 10581: 10569: 10565: 10558: 10552: 10541: 10538:. June 2013. 10537: 10530: 10524: 10516: 10512: 10507: 10502: 10497: 10492: 10488: 10484: 10480: 10473: 10465: 10461: 10456: 10451: 10448:(3): 469–73. 10447: 10443: 10442: 10437: 10430: 10428: 10426: 10417: 10413: 10408: 10403: 10400:(2): 229–38. 10399: 10395: 10391: 10384: 10382: 10380: 10371: 10367: 10363: 10359: 10355: 10351: 10347: 10343: 10335: 10326: 10318: 10314: 10310: 10306: 10302: 10298: 10295:(3): 237–41. 10294: 10290: 10283: 10275: 10271: 10266: 10261: 10257: 10253: 10250:(2): 167–74. 10249: 10245: 10241: 10234: 10218: 10214: 10210: 10206: 10202: 10198: 10194: 10190: 10183: 10175: 10171: 10167: 10163: 10159: 10155: 10152:(4): 171–76. 10151: 10147: 10140: 10132: 10128: 10124: 10120: 10115: 10110: 10106: 10102: 10098: 10091: 10083: 10079: 10075: 10071: 10067: 10063: 10059: 10055: 10054: 10046: 10038: 10034: 10029: 10024: 10020: 10016: 10012: 10008: 10004: 9997: 9978: 9974: 9967: 9961: 9953: 9949: 9944: 9939: 9935: 9931: 9927: 9923: 9919: 9912: 9896: 9892: 9888: 9882: 9880: 9868: 9864: 9858: 9851: 9850: 9843: 9841: 9839: 9822: 9818: 9814: 9808: 9800: 9796: 9791: 9786: 9782: 9778: 9774: 9770: 9766: 9759: 9743: 9739: 9738: 9733: 9727: 9711: 9707: 9706: 9701: 9695: 9679: 9675: 9674: 9669: 9662: 9646: 9642: 9641: 9636: 9630: 9628: 9626: 9624: 9622: 9620: 9618: 9616: 9607: 9603: 9599: 9595: 9592:(4): 526–33. 9591: 9587: 9586:Sexual Health 9580: 9572: 9568: 9563: 9558: 9554: 9550: 9546: 9539: 9523: 9519: 9513: 9505: 9501: 9496: 9491: 9487: 9483: 9479: 9475: 9471: 9464: 9445: 9438: 9432: 9424: 9420: 9416: 9412: 9408: 9401: 9393: 9389: 9384: 9379: 9375: 9371: 9367: 9363: 9359: 9352: 9344: 9340: 9336: 9332: 9327: 9322: 9319:(9): 834–41. 9318: 9314: 9310: 9303: 9287: 9283: 9279: 9275: 9271: 9267: 9263: 9260:(9): 875–92. 9259: 9255: 9254: 9249: 9242: 9234: 9230: 9226: 9222: 9215: 9213: 9204: 9200: 9195: 9190: 9186: 9182: 9178: 9174: 9170: 9163: 9155: 9151: 9146: 9141: 9137: 9133: 9129: 9125: 9121: 9117: 9110: 9108: 9099: 9095: 9091: 9088:(2): 1S–18S. 9087: 9083: 9079: 9072: 9064: 9060: 9055: 9050: 9046: 9042: 9038: 9031: 9023: 9019: 9015: 9011: 9007: 9003: 8999: 8995: 8987: 8979: 8975: 8970: 8965: 8961: 8957: 8953: 8946: 8938: 8934: 8930: 8926: 8922: 8918: 8914: 8910: 8903: 8895: 8891: 8886: 8881: 8877: 8873: 8869: 8865: 8861: 8854: 8852: 8843: 8839: 8834: 8829: 8825: 8821: 8817: 8813: 8809: 8802: 8794: 8790: 8785: 8780: 8776: 8772: 8768: 8764: 8760: 8753: 8745: 8741: 8736: 8731: 8727: 8723: 8720:(9): 758–64. 8719: 8715: 8714: 8709: 8702: 8683: 8679: 8673: 8666: 8665: 8658: 8650: 8646: 8643:(4): 305–10. 8642: 8638: 8631: 8623: 8619: 8614: 8609: 8606:(5): 904–13. 8605: 8601: 8600: 8595: 8588: 8572: 8568: 8564: 8560: 8556: 8552: 8548: 8541: 8533: 8529: 8525: 8521: 8517: 8510: 8502: 8498: 8494: 8490: 8486: 8482: 8478: 8474: 8467: 8459: 8455: 8451: 8447: 8443: 8439: 8436:(6): 515–19. 8435: 8431: 8424: 8415: 8411: 8406: 8401: 8397: 8393: 8390:(4): 187–93. 8389: 8385: 8381: 8374: 8366: 8362: 8357: 8352: 8348: 8344: 8340: 8336: 8332: 8325: 8317: 8313: 8307: 8299: 8295: 8291: 8287: 8283: 8276: 8268: 8264: 8260: 8256: 8252: 8248: 8241: 8233: 8229: 8224: 8219: 8215: 8211: 8207: 8203: 8199: 8192: 8190: 8173: 8169: 8165: 8161: 8157: 8153: 8149: 8148:Sexual Health 8145: 8138: 8122: 8118: 8112: 8104: 8100: 8095: 8090: 8086: 8082: 8081:Sexual Health 8078: 8071: 8052: 8048: 8044: 8040: 8036: 8029: 8022: 8020: 8018: 7998: 7994: 7990: 7986: 7982: 7975: 7968: 7966: 7964: 7954: 7952: 7950: 7941: 7937: 7932: 7927: 7922: 7917: 7913: 7909: 7908: 7907:PLOS Medicine 7903: 7896: 7894: 7885: 7881: 7876: 7871: 7867: 7863: 7859: 7852: 7850: 7833: 7829: 7827: 7821: 7815: 7807: 7803: 7798: 7793: 7789: 7785: 7781: 7777: 7773: 7766: 7758: 7754: 7750: 7746: 7741: 7736: 7733:(2): 231–41. 7732: 7728: 7724: 7717: 7701: 7697: 7691: 7687: 7686: 7678: 7676: 7667: 7663: 7658: 7653: 7649: 7645: 7642:(2): 104–11. 7641: 7637: 7633: 7626: 7618: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7600: 7596: 7593:(6): 749–59. 7592: 7588: 7584: 7577: 7569: 7565: 7560: 7555: 7551: 7547: 7544:(6): 761–70. 7543: 7539: 7535: 7528: 7520: 7514: 7510: 7506: 7499: 7491: 7487: 7483: 7479: 7476:(6): 274–81. 7475: 7471: 7464: 7456: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7437: 7432: 7428: 7424: 7421:(1): 254–58. 7420: 7416: 7415: 7410: 7403: 7395: 7391: 7387: 7383: 7379: 7375: 7371: 7367: 7363: 7359: 7352: 7344: 7340: 7335: 7330: 7326: 7322: 7318: 7311: 7309: 7300: 7296: 7292: 7288: 7284: 7280: 7277:(4): 573–93. 7276: 7272: 7265: 7257: 7253: 7249: 7245: 7241: 7237: 7233: 7229: 7225: 7221: 7220: 7212: 7205: 7197: 7193: 7189: 7185: 7180: 7175: 7171: 7167: 7163: 7156: 7148: 7144: 7139: 7134: 7130: 7126: 7123:(2): 283–93. 7122: 7118: 7117: 7112: 7105: 7097: 7093: 7088: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7069: 7065: 7060: 7055: 7051: 7047: 7043: 7036: 7034: 7032: 7015: 7011: 7005: 7001: 7000: 6992: 6976: 6972: 6966: 6962: 6961: 6953: 6945: 6941: 6937: 6933: 6930:(4): 217–26. 6929: 6925: 6918: 6910: 6906: 6902: 6898: 6894: 6890: 6883: 6867: 6863: 6862:Men's Journal 6859: 6852: 6836: 6832: 6828: 6827:Men's Journal 6824: 6820: 6814: 6806: 6802: 6797: 6792: 6788: 6784: 6780: 6773: 6757: 6753: 6752: 6747: 6741: 6739: 6737: 6728: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6710: 6706: 6702: 6698: 6694: 6687: 6671: 6667: 6666: 6661: 6655: 6647: 6643: 6639: 6635: 6631: 6627: 6623: 6619: 6612: 6610: 6608: 6606: 6589: 6585: 6581: 6575: 6559: 6555: 6554: 6549: 6542: 6534: 6530: 6526: 6520: 6518: 6509: 6505: 6500: 6495: 6490: 6485: 6481: 6477: 6476: 6471: 6464: 6462: 6460: 6443: 6439: 6435: 6431: 6427: 6423: 6419: 6415: 6411: 6410: 6405: 6398: 6390: 6386: 6380: 6371: 6363: 6359: 6355: 6351: 6350: 6342: 6323: 6316: 6310: 6302: 6298: 6294: 6288: 6269: 6262: 6256: 6248: 6244: 6240: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6223:(6): 805–12. 6222: 6218: 6214: 6207: 6199: 6195: 6191: 6187: 6183: 6179: 6176:(2): 235–54. 6175: 6171: 6164: 6156: 6152: 6148: 6144: 6140: 6136: 6133:(5): 523–30. 6132: 6128: 6121: 6105: 6101: 6095: 6091: 6090: 6082: 6066: 6062: 6056: 6052: 6051: 6043: 6035: 6031: 6027: 6023: 6019: 6015: 6011: 6007: 6000: 5992: 5988: 5984: 5980: 5976: 5975: 5967: 5965: 5956: 5952: 5948: 5944: 5940: 5936: 5933:(4): 291–97. 5932: 5928: 5927: 5919: 5917: 5915: 5906: 5900: 5896: 5892: 5885: 5869: 5865: 5859: 5855: 5854: 5846: 5838: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5820: 5816: 5812: 5808: 5807: 5802: 5795: 5787: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5769: 5765: 5761: 5757: 5753: 5746: 5738: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5720: 5716: 5713:(2): 118–29. 5712: 5708: 5704: 5697: 5695: 5693: 5691: 5689: 5687: 5685: 5665: 5658: 5652: 5636: 5632: 5630: 5624: 5618: 5602: 5598: 5596: 5590: 5589:"HIV and Men" 5584: 5576: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5550: 5543: 5535: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5507: 5503: 5502:Retrovirology 5499: 5492: 5484: 5480: 5477:(3): 375–76. 5476: 5472: 5465: 5463: 5461: 5452: 5448: 5443: 5438: 5434: 5430: 5426: 5422: 5418: 5411: 5403: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5385: 5381: 5378:(2): 118–29. 5377: 5373: 5369: 5362: 5360: 5351: 5349:9781449693831 5345: 5341: 5340: 5332: 5324: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5308: 5304: 5297: 5295: 5293: 5291: 5282: 5278: 5274: 5270: 5263: 5255: 5251: 5247: 5243: 5235: 5227: 5223: 5219: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5200: 5185: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5162: 5160: 5151: 5145: 5141: 5134: 5126: 5122: 5118: 5114: 5110: 5106: 5099: 5083: 5079: 5075: 5069: 5061: 5057: 5052: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5036:(3): 177–86. 5035: 5031: 5027: 5020: 5011: 5009: 5007: 5005: 5003: 4994: 4990: 4986: 4982: 4975: 4967: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4950:(5): 652–62. 4949: 4945: 4944: 4939: 4932: 4924: 4920: 4917:(4): 134–36. 4916: 4912: 4905: 4897: 4893: 4889: 4885: 4878: 4876: 4859: 4855: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4840: 4832: 4816: 4812: 4806: 4802: 4801: 4793: 4777: 4773: 4767: 4763: 4762: 4754: 4746: 4742: 4737: 4732: 4728: 4724: 4720: 4716: 4712: 4705: 4703: 4701: 4699: 4697: 4695: 4693: 4691: 4689: 4687: 4685: 4683: 4681: 4679: 4677: 4675: 4673: 4671: 4661: 4659: 4657: 4655: 4653: 4651: 4649: 4647: 4645: 4643: 4641: 4639: 4637: 4635: 4633: 4616: 4612: 4606: 4602: 4601: 4594: 4583: 4579: 4573: 4566: 4565: 4558: 4556: 4554: 4552: 4550: 4548: 4546: 4544: 4542: 4540: 4538: 4536: 4534: 4532: 4530: 4528: 4518: 4516: 4514: 4512: 4510: 4508: 4496:September 24, 4491: 4487: 4483: 4477: 4468: 4464: 4460: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4443:(3): 218–43. 4442: 4438: 4434: 4427: 4408: 4404: 4403: 4395: 4389: 4373: 4369: 4367: 4361: 4355: 4347: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4306: 4304: 4295: 4289: 4285: 4278: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4247: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4215: 4211: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4198: 4193: 4186: 4167: 4163: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4142: 4136: 4134: 4132: 4123: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4090: 4089:Retrovirology 4085: 4078: 4076: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4045: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4015: 3999: 3995: 3989: 3985: 3981: 3980: 3972: 3970: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3962: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3939: 3935: 3934: 3929: 3923: 3915: 3911: 3906: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3884: 3879: 3872: 3870: 3853: 3849: 3845: 3838: 3836: 3824: 3820: 3814: 3807: 3806: 3799: 3797: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3766: 3750: 3746: 3740: 3736: 3735: 3727: 3711: 3707: 3701: 3697: 3696: 3688: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3663: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3649: 3644: 3637: 3621: 3617: 3616: 3611: 3605: 3603: 3601: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3575: 3568: 3561: 3559: 3557: 3548: 3544: 3537: 3535: 3533: 3531: 3514: 3510: 3508: 3502: 3496: 3494: 3492: 3490: 3488: 3486: 3469: 3465: 3461: 3455: 3453: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3441: 3439: 3437: 3435: 3433: 3431: 3419:September 10, 3414: 3410: 3409: 3404: 3398: 3387:September 10, 3382: 3378: 3374: 3368: 3357:September 10, 3352: 3348: 3344: 3338: 3336: 3334: 3332: 3327: 3319: 3317: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3288:sex education 3285: 3280: 3278: 3272: 3262: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3247: 3245: 3241: 3236: 3233: 3229: 3223: 3219: 3209: 3207: 3203: 3198: 3197:Johnson Aziga 3193: 3191: 3187: 3183: 3177: 3167: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3152: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3125: 3120: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3109:Nicholas Eden 3106: 3100: 3090: 3088: 3084: 3079: 3077: 3070: 3060: 3057: 3056:Côte d'Ivoire 3052: 3049: 3044: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3025: 3023: 3019: 3018:human capital 3015: 3006: 3001: 2997: 2987: 2985: 2981: 2976: 2974: 2970: 2967:In 2013, the 2965: 2962: 2960: 2956: 2951: 2948: 2947:anti-bisexual 2944: 2940: 2936: 2931: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2913: 2910: 2907: 2904: 2901: 2898: 2897: 2896: 2893: 2890: 2886: 2882: 2878: 2874: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2853: 2838: 2836: 2835:San Francisco 2832: 2831:New York City 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2798: 2795: 2791: 2786: 2782: 2780: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2763: 2753: 2750: 2745: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2723: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2652: 2643: 2641: 2637: 2633: 2629: 2625: 2624: 2619: 2615: 2610: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2599:gay community 2596: 2592: 2588: 2584: 2583:haemophiliacs 2580: 2576: 2571: 2569: 2564: 2563: 2558: 2557: 2548: 2547: 2541: 2531: 2524: 2518: 2508: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2494: 2490: 2486: 2482: 2477: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2427: 2423: 2414: 2402: 2391: 2390:MediaWiki.org 2387: 2382: 2373: 2372: 2365: 2355: 2353: 2352:lipodystrophy 2349: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2333: 2328: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2297: 2293: 2291: 2287: 2272:≥ 50,000 2263:10,000–50,000 2247: 2200: 2153: 2152: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2136: 2131: 2110: 216–458 2104: 135–215 2060: 2051: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2031: 2028: 2024: 2019: 2017: 2012: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1996: 1986: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1971:toxoplasmosis 1967: 1963: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1944: 1939: 1929: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1896: 1892: 1890: 1889:birth defects 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1869: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1852: 1848: 1845: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1829:emtricitabine 1826: 1822: 1821: 1816: 1807: 1805: 1799: 1789: 1787: 1783: 1777: 1767: 1765: 1761: 1760:breastfeeding 1757: 1752: 1746: 1736: 1733: 1728: 1726: 1722: 1721:emtricitabine 1718: 1714: 1710: 1703:Post-exposure 1700: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1676: 1672: 1671:emtricitabine 1668: 1664: 1660: 1649: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1633: 1631: 1627: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1608: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1588: 1579: 1567: 1564:AIDS clinic, 1562: 1557: 1547: 1541: 1538: 1535: 1532: 1529: 1528: 1527: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1495:toxoplasmosis 1492: 1489: 1485: 1482: 1478: 1477:mucocutaneous 1474: 1471: 1467: 1464: 1463: 1462: 1458: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1438: 1436: 1431: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1412:seroconverted 1404: 1396: 1387: 1384: 1380: 1370: 1367: 1366: 1362: 1356: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1344:(rapid test, 1341: 1340: 1336: 1333: 1332: 1310: 1305: 1295: 1292: 1291:gene products 1288: 1282: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1262: 1259: 1255: 1250: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1223: 1199: 1189: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1170: 1166: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1120:morphological 1117: 1116: 1111: 1110: 1106: 1101: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1090:immune system 1087: 1083: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1061: 1056: 1046: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1029: 1019: 1017: 1013: 1012:scarification 1009: 1005: 1000: 997: 993: 988: 986: 982: 977: 976:HIV screening 973: 968: 965: 960: 950: 941: 938: 934: 929: 926: 921: 919: 915: 911: 907: 903: 899: 894: 892: 887: 882: 877: 875: 871: 866: 864: 860: 849: 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 827: 812: 808: 805: 804: 800: 797: 796: 792: 789: 788: 784: 781: 780: 776: 773: 772: 768: 765: 764: 760: 757: 756: 752: 749: 748: 744: 738: 737: 733: 730: 729: 721: 708: 706: 702: 697: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 666: 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 638: 634: 630: 626: 616: 607: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 584: 582: 577: 567: 565: 561: 557: 553: 548: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 529:maculopapular 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 506: 497: 488: 486: 480: 470: 467: 463: 459: 455: 450: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 423: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 366:primarily by 365: 360: 358: 354: 350: 346: 342: 338: 334: 330: 326: 325:immune system 322: 318: 312: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 287:). Effective 286: 282: 278: 277:immune system 274: 270: 266: 254: 250: 242: 238: 232: 230: 226: 223: 220: 216: 213: 209: 205: 201: 197: 194: 190: 186: 184: 180: 177: 173: 169: 165: 163: 159: 155: 152: 148: 144: 140: 137: 133: 130: 128: 127:Complications 124: 120: 116: 111: 108: 106: 102: 99: 95: 92: 90: 86: 82: 78: 74: 70: 65: 61: 56: 52: 48: 43: 37: 33: 19: 19769: 19752: 19735: 19718: 19701: 19689:from Commons 19684: 19667: 19646: 19551:C1-inhibitor 19549: 19506: 19466: 19459: 19422: 19421: 19406: 19396: 19390: 19363:ICF syndrome 19165: 19158: 19134: 19127:Pancreatitis 19109: 19097: 19085: 19073: 19066: 19047: 19022: 19015: 19008: 18996: 18975: 18938: 18924: 18885: 18878: 18864: 18858: 18825: 18819: 18799: 18785: 18771: 18742: 18718: 18700: 18655:Pericarditis 18647: 18616: 18602: 18575: 18556: 18514: 18499: 18480: 18466: 18445: 18428:Encephalitis 18404: 18397: 18370: 18351: 18330: 18296: 18282: 18243: 18229: 18158:Malnutrition 18069:Tuberculosis 18058: 17985: 17973:Epididymitis 17966: 17947: 17939:inflammation 17923: 17911: 17887: 17876: 17867: 17833: 17829: 17785: 17760: 17748: 17736: 17724: 17712: 17700: 17684: 17387:Taiwan (ROC) 17377:Saudi Arabia 17227:South Africa 17060: 17046:Larry Kramer 16788:Epidemiology 16616: 16564: 16511: 16500: 16489: 16465: 16454: 16443: 16424: 16405: 16382: 16330: 16305: 16278: 16255:. 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The acute 1228: 1174:types of HIV 1171: 1167: 1134:, enveloped 1115:Retroviridae 1113: 1107: 1102: 1080: 1039: 1035: 1001: 989: 969: 955: 930: 922: 895: 891:prostitution 878: 867: 855: 823: 711:Transmission 698: 667: 663:organ system 641: 621: 585: 573: 549: 502: 482: 456:by the U.S. 451: 424: 361: 341:tuberculosis 313: 284: 280: 268: 264: 262: 162:Risk factors 114: 109: 36: 19669:Definitions 19423:peripheral: 19024:Coronavirus 18765:Common cold 18677:acute viral 18660:Myocarditis 18504:(probable) 18256:Anal cancer 17978:Prostatitis 17884:Hepatitis B 17835:HIV-1/HIV-2 17709:Donovanosis 17595:New Zealand 17467:El Salvador 17372:Philippines 17342:North Korea 17295:China (PRC) 17260:Afghanistan 16950:Product Red 16851:AIDS orphan 16712:Nephropathy 16647:vaccination 16491:MedlinePlus 15954:(8): e256. 15907:Kalichman S 15267:November 1, 15237:November 1, 15204:November 6, 15171:October 18, 15138:November 1, 15105:November 1, 14748:October 24, 12892:November 6, 12747:December 1, 12708:December 1, 12661:www.who.int 12508:December 7, 12251:(1): 9–15. 12024:(1): 1–12. 11305:February 9, 10686:January 22, 10644:January 21, 10609:October 16, 9901:December 1, 9651:December 1, 9292:October 20, 8127:January 17, 8060:October 17, 8006:October 17, 6594:December 8, 6448:October 16, 5641:November 3, 5607:November 3, 5240:Services". 5078:MedlinePlus 4064:February 1, 3858:February 1, 3182:intentional 3131:David Kirby 3124:Arthur Ashe 3105:Rock Hudson 3037:self-esteem 2924:promiscuity 2920:bisexuality 2814:Francophone 2762:colonialism 2726:Ivory Coast 2724:to western 2702:chimpanzees 2636:lymph nodes 2589:. The term 2401:source data 2386:Phabricator 2344:nephropathy 2342:, cancers, 2313:anal cancer 2301:Hepatitis C 2234:2,500–5,000 2225:1,000–2,500 2092: 35–61 2086: 13–34 1956:Vaccination 1950:(IPT); the 1926:rilpivirine 1904:rilpivirine 1770:Vaccination 1725:raltegravir 1607:nonoxynol-9 1585:Consistent 1566:McLeod Ganj 1499:candidiasis 1424:p24 antigen 1390:HIV testing 1334:Blood test 1279:chromosomes 1271:co-receptor 1243:CD8 T cells 1235:CD4 T cells 1186:West Africa 1163:transcribed 1136:RNA viruses 1094:macrophages 1042:pre-chewing 944:Body fluids 881:unprotected 842:co-infected 793:0.01–0.38% 785:0.05–0.30% 739:Childbirth 376:vaginal sex 370:(including 187:Blood tests 50:Other names 19784:Categories 19720:Quotations 19556:Angioedema 19542:deficiency 19540:Complement 19517:Leukopenia 19467:autosomal: 19221:complement 19151:Urogenital 19017:Astrovirus 18977:Adenovirus 18801:SARS-CoV-2 18558:Poliovirus 18433:meningitis 17997:Urethritis 17954:Cervicitis 17925:Zika virus 17920:Zika fever 17807:Crab louse 17307:East Timor 17280:Bangladesh 17270:Azerbaijan 17192:Mozambique 17177:Madagascar 16910:Red ribbon 16752:Serostatus 16685:Conditions 16637:prevention 16627:management 16585:Lentivirus 16513:Patient UK 16467:DiseasesDB 16257:August 24, 16227:August 24, 16197:August 24, 16075:The Lancet 15361:August 16, 14111:(1): 5–8. 13389:August 31, 13308:: 87–107. 13079:The Lancet 12666:August 12, 12592:October 4, 12189:August 29, 12144:August 29, 11752:The Lancet 10223:August 31, 10007:The Lancet 9986:January 3, 9555:: w13535. 9528:August 30, 9116:Vermund SH 8994:The Lancet 7059:1503.08992 6331:August 29, 5756:The Lancet 5673:January 1, 5559:: w14246. 3944:August 26, 3322:References 2889:quarantine 2861:Ryan White 2812:recruited 2734:owl monkey 2674:source of 2672:chimpanzee 2670:, and the 2666:source of 2658:source of 2487:and other 2340:neuropathy 2243:5,000–7500 2080: 5–12 1861:drug abuse 1837:cobicistat 1713:zidovudine 1661:for HIV (" 1628:and among 1604:spermicide 1550:Prevention 1453:, and the 1416:antibodies 1124:biological 1109:Lentivirus 1086:retrovirus 1076:lymphocyte 1016:mosquitoes 925:viral load 769:0.04–3.0% 741:(to child) 598:) without 556:recognized 301:viral load 273:retrovirus 192:Prevention 98:immunology 77:solidarity 69:red ribbon 19815:Syndromes 19805:Pandemics 19737:Resources 19460:x-linked: 19062:RNA virus 19043:DNA virus 19035:Hepatitis 19010:Norovirus 18998:Rotavirus 18992:RNA virus 18971:DNA virus 18917:Esophagus 18845:Influenza 18731:RNA virus 18693:DNA virus 18462:RNA virus 18441:DNA virus 18347:RNA virus 18225:DNA virus 18217:Oncovirus 18079:Pneumonia 17992:Proctitis 17877:condyloma 17799:Parasitic 17774:Protozoal 17721:Gonorrhea 17693:Chlamydia 17681:Chancroid 17673:Bacterial 17590:Australia 17544:Argentina 17504:Caribbean 17482:Nicaragua 17472:Guatemala 17382:Sri Lanka 17317:Indonesia 17100:Locations 17041:"Free Me" 16767:Pregnancy 16762:Nutrition 16622:diagnosis 16507:emerg/253 16502:eMedicine 15282:Bliss D. 15025:2164/6021 14951:April 28, 14801:March 16, 14582:144929159 14545:March 27, 14532:143508360 14379:March 13, 14337:March 13, 13948:2157-1422 13420:March 10, 12821:cite book 12574:Ritchie H 12380:AIDS Care 11932:CiteSeerX 11874:205987336 11728:March 19, 11440:AIDS Care 11079:cite book 11069:March 31, 10755:1465-1858 10317:205565246 10193:Addiction 10053:AIDS Care 9748:August 1, 9716:August 1, 9453:March 12, 7838:April 14, 6564:March 29, 6198:205771853 4467:205339589 4096:(1): 72. 3671:0028-4793 3583:March 12, 2877:rejection 2873:ostracism 2863:became a 2802:Arvid Noe 2768:(such as 2630:to other 2535:Discovery 2450:East Asia 2169:≤ 10 2074: 1–4 2054:Prognosis 2005:vitamin A 1960:hepatitis 1833:tenofovir 1792:Treatment 1717:tenofovir 1667:tenofovir 1596:tenofovir 1503:esophagus 1298:Diagnosis 1287:cytokines 1258:apoptosis 1182:infective 1155:integrase 1008:piercings 985:screening 910:chlamydia 906:gonorrhea 809:0–0.005% 659:parasites 594:T cells ( 392:pregnancy 289:treatment 240:Frequency 229:Prognosis 218:Treatment 89:Specialty 19790:HIV/AIDS 19647:HIV/AIDS 19639:Medicine 19507:HIV/AIDS 19499:Acquired 19450:combined 19242:Antibody 19217:Lymphoid 19160:BK virus 18963:diarrhea 18807:COVID-19 18549:Myelitis 18142:Trachoma 17845:cervical 17745:Syphilis 17559:Colombia 17477:Honduras 17392:Thailand 17367:Pakistan 17352:Malaysia 17290:Cambodia 17242:Zimbabwe 17222:Tanzania 17147:Ethiopia 17142:Eswatini 17127:Botswana 17016:Solidays 16915:Safe sex 16856:Religion 16800:Timeline 16722:Pruritus 16664:Children 16642:research 16617:HIV/AIDS 16595:subtypes 16518:HIV/AIDS 16340:HIV/AIDS 16303:(2011). 16251:Archived 16221:Archived 16191:Archived 16138:10896606 16103:43699468 16095:12672319 16052:16397537 16036:(1): 6. 16003:Archived 15980:17713982 15909:(2009). 15801:17321420 15691:Archived 15652:Archived 15619:June 27, 15613:Archived 15580:June 27, 15574:Archived 15535:Archived 15509:April 9, 15479:April 9, 15473:Archived 15453:April 9, 15447:Archived 15421:Archived 15393:June 14, 15387:Archived 15330:July 24, 15324:Archived 15298:June 25, 15261:Archived 15231:Archived 15198:Archived 15165:Archived 15161:BBC News 15132:Archived 15099:Archived 15066:Archived 15044:26022149 15035:10793712 14982:Archived 14909:38011347 14852:30160195 14795:Archived 14772:Archived 14742:Archived 14719:30648421 14711:22706007 14670:11867313 14619:June 27, 14613:Archived 14444:July 16, 14438:Archived 14406:Archived 14373:Archived 14331:Archived 14292:Archived 14253:Archived 14249:NBC News 14162:Archived 14133:17783758 14125:10628811 14090:20376191 14049:PLOS One 14025:18833279 13966:22229120 13909:11405938 13857:16485481 13808:11405934 13750:18854152 13709:16728595 13595:17978186 13529:June 27, 13523:Archived 13383:Archived 13356:June 23, 13347:Archived 13287:Archived 13194:Archived 13159:24960391 13151:17639073 13107:43529542 13027:Archived 13023:16714472 12964:Archived 12960:BBC News 12773:Archived 12741:Archived 12699:Archived 12643:18382737 12586:Archived 12553:23085633 12545:19106702 12502:Archived 12498:23476060 12490:16130937 12451:13513517 12443:12044013 12408:30220269 12400:17364396 12365:19217950 12357:17086056 12316:19462243 12265:27889039 12228:June 27, 12222:Archived 12138:Archived 12120:16155003 12079:15331610 12038:14667787 12003:15080180 11962:24329763 11954:15967835 11898:Archived 11866:20467289 11825:21175266 11817:17063130 11782:18657708 11719:Archived 11697:35450422 11689:11873003 11645:26248996 11637:18173512 11597:23633327 11562:16034917 11505:15969772 11470:18608078 11421:24114375 11390:22419344 11356:20961297 11299:Archived 11281:28518221 11224:21895892 11183:Archived 11179:22652651 11136:22089440 11033:25483681 10982:24034488 10931:June 27, 10925:Archived 10889:July 26, 10883:Archived 10861:21653531 10800:16433468 10773:34180536 10713:Archived 10711:. 2011. 10680:Archived 10638:Archived 10603:Archived 10568:Archived 10540:Archived 10515:22310821 10464:18174196 10416:14734438 10362:20046150 10309:20539080 10274:21406048 10217:Archived 10213:18855813 10174:44808279 10166:16343374 10131:12221693 10123:19381076 10082:21883819 10074:20024710 10037:19361855 9977:Archived 9952:25038358 9895:Archived 9867:Archived 9821:Archived 9799:31206168 9742:Archived 9737:ABC News 9710:Archived 9684:March 8, 9678:Archived 9645:Archived 9606:22127039 9571:22389197 9504:19160297 9444:Archived 9423:21735394 9392:17253483 9335:21879901 9286:Archived 9282:17032413 9274:23917901 9233:22515138 9203:23038795 9154:20941553 9098:Archived 9063:31184747 9014:23769234 8978:31184747 8937:27494096 8929:23165662 8894:23633367 8842:27505053 8793:22972050 8744:18724961 8682:Archived 8649:21251451 8622:22641791 8567:17943855 8532:21678366 8501:43878584 8493:19935420 8450:20844437 8414:19849961 8365:20622758 8298:19370585 8267:20205637 8232:22156901 8172:Archived 8168:22348629 8103:22348628 8051:Archived 8047:24717910 7997:Archived 7993:19052530 7940:20652012 7884:31184701 7832:Archived 7806:17115046 7757:26830006 7749:18161758 7706:June 27, 7700:Archived 7666:19339948 7617:15365096 7568:15365095 7490:16679064 7394:12158927 7343:12029140 7299:28523977 7291:12590415 7248:21849975 7196:20991705 7188:18923409 7147:14734528 7096:25837979 7020:June 27, 7014:Archived 6981:June 27, 6975:Archived 6944:17163676 6872:June 25, 6841:June 25, 6821:(2002). 6805:12810858 6762:March 9, 6727:25280769 6718:10576873 6646:46624541 6638:20954881 6588:Archived 6533:Archived 6508:19715601 6442:Archived 6438:28488664 6362:20966896 6322:Archived 6268:Archived 6247:22674060 6239:16549963 6190:22372741 6155:38476611 6147:18541903 6110:June 27, 6104:Archived 6071:June 27, 6065:Archived 6026:22156896 5991:21412869 5955:25541753 5947:20543603 5874:June 27, 5868:Archived 5837:20624114 5786:22819660 5737:19179227 5664:Archived 5635:Archived 5601:Archived 5575:26824882 5534:17892568 5483:17708137 5451:18664564 5402:19179227 5323:20543603 5281:17708137 5254:15660015 5226:15247337 5125:16022653 5088:June 14, 5082:Archived 5060:24227983 4993:21322514 4966:12594648 4923:17720999 4896:20350494 4864:June 27, 4858:Archived 4821:June 27, 4815:Archived 4782:June 27, 4776:Archived 4745:20703338 4621:June 27, 4615:Archived 4582:Archived 4490:Archived 4459:18205765 4407:Archived 4372:Archived 4370:. 2018. 4346:22229120 4261:Archived 4230:Archived 4226:51608938 4175:June 16, 4166:Archived 4154:. 2006. 4122:17054781 4058:Archived 4004:June 27, 3998:Archived 3938:Archived 3914:30455270 3852:Archived 3823:Archived 3775:AIDSinfo 3755:June 27, 3749:Archived 3716:June 27, 3710:Archived 3679:11396444 3626:July 20, 3620:Archived 3547:Archived 3513:Archived 3468:Archived 3413:Archived 3286:such as 3265:Research 3186:reckless 2933:In many 2779:Kinshasa 2770:syphilis 2749:bushmeat 2694:Cameroon 2686:primates 2587:Haitians 2505:detained 2470:Portugal 2422:pandemic 2216:500–1000 2023:selenium 2016:diabetes 1958:against 1820:Stribild 1348:3rd gen) 1178:virulent 1049:Virology 886:oral sex 801:0–0.04% 647:bacteria 629:cachexia 552:symptoms 537:diarrhea 462:pandemic 400:safe sex 398:include 196:Safe sex 145:Lifelong 142:Duration 105:Symptoms 45:HIV/AIDS 19627:Viruses 19613:Portals 19246:humoral 19233:Primary 18913:Pharynx 18417:Central 18107:Cholera 18074:Measles 18064:Malaria 17936:General 17841:Cancer 17812:Scabies 17583:Oceania 17574:Uruguay 17549:Bolivia 17517:Jamaica 17435:Ukraine 17407:Vietnam 17275:Bahrain 17265:Armenia 17217:Senegal 17207:Nigeria 17197:Namibia 17172:Lesotho 16959:Culture 16940:HIV.gov 16783:History 16776:History 16461:D000163 16355:HIVinfo 16146:2844528 16118:Science 16060:3502309 15971:1949841 15886:7992043 15866:Bibcode 15858:Science 15844:3399880 15824:Bibcode 15816:Science 14872:May 15, 14843:6199453 14661:1447082 14259:June 6, 14231:4416837 14223:9468138 14201:Bibcode 14081:2848574 14058:Bibcode 14016:3682493 13995:Bibcode 13957:3234451 13900:1088484 13848:3367631 13799:1088480 13758:3093360 13700:2442710 13679:Bibcode 13671:Science 13652:4432185 13644:9989410 13622:Bibcode 13586:2141817 13563:Bibcode 13492:6601823 13472:Bibcode 13464:Science 13449:6815471 13322:3397566 13302:October 13283:6811853 13241:6189183 13221:Bibcode 13213:Science 13190:6808340 13099:6116083 13064:7287964 13014:1470612 12940:May 19, 12634:2276790 12570:Roser M 12307:2690857 11904:June 3, 11773:3130543 11553:8759069 11513:7411052 11461:2570227 11347:3066516 11272:5458097 11232:6711255 11127:3226021 11024:4514044 10973:5909396 10852:3132788 10764:8237391 10506:3284097 10370:7491569 10265:5072419 10028:2670965 9943:6309682 9827:June 3, 9790:6575156 9495:7389566 9383:8989146 9343:8388126 9194:3489107 9145:3036787 9094:3112554 9022:5831642 8885:4026368 8833:7092487 8784:3931252 8735:2597652 8577:May 31, 8458:2158164 8405:3557929 8356:3836228 8223:3266126 7931:2907270 7797:1717013 7657:2760828 7608:2211962 7559:2211967 7455:8990195 7423:Bibcode 7386:8096089 7366:Bibcode 7358:Science 7256:4409389 7228:Bibcode 7138:2211771 7087:4383537 7064:Bibcode 6909:8280406 6584:HIV.gov 6499:2741434 6430:8161444 6034:6198083 5828:2904634 5777:3805037 5728:4467783 5525:2045676 5442:2638872 5393:4467783 5189:May 11, 5051:3770226 4736:2915483 4337:3234451 4206:Bibcode 4197:Science 4113:1629027 4054:HIV.gov 4034:May 23, 4022:. U.S. 3905:6239917 3850:(CDC). 3846:. U.S. 3347:HIV.gov 3083:Hackney 2881:consent 2818:Belgium 2722:Senegal 2646:Origins 2623:Science 2511:History 2485:gay men 2474:Belarus 2466:Moldova 2458:Ukraine 2443:In the 2388:and on 2207:100–500 2160:no data 2130:chronic 2068: 0 1511:bronchi 1507:trachea 1501:of the 1488:chronic 1239:viremia 1180:, more 1004:tattoos 692:(HPV). 651:viruses 627:(40%), 390:during 362:HIV is 357:testing 305:vaccine 271:) is a 19463:X-SCID 19447:Severe 18577:HTLV-I 18522:Rabies 18372:HTLV-I 18089:Plague 17986:either 17948:female 17855:penile 17850:vulvar 17564:Guyana 17554:Brazil 17462:Mexico 17457:Canada 17430:Russia 17417:Europe 17402:Turkey 17337:Jordan 17300:Yunnan 17285:Bhutan 17237:Zambia 17232:Uganda 17212:Rwanda 17182:Malawi 17157:Guinea 17117:Angola 17109:Africa 17056:ACT UP 16844:Social 16567:topics 16496:000594 16450:609423 16349:UNAIDS 16344:Curlie 16289: 16144: 16136: 16101: 16093: 16058: 16050: 15978: 15968: 15925: 15884: 15842: 15799: 15756: 15683: 15644: 15605: 15566: 15075:May 3, 15042: 15032: 14907: 14850: 14840: 14717: 14709: 14668: 14658: 14605: 14580: 14530: 14365: 14323: 14284: 14229: 14221: 14193:Nature 14131: 14123: 14088: 14078: 14023: 14013: 13986:Nature 13964: 13954: 13946: 13907: 13897: 13855: 13845: 13806: 13796: 13756: 13748: 13707: 13697: 13650: 13642: 13614:Nature 13593: 13583: 13515: 13490: 13447: 13320: 13281: 13249:390173 13247: 13239: 13188: 13157: 13149: 13105: 13097: 13062: 13021: 13011: 12848:UNAIDS 12802: 12641: 12631: 12551: 12543: 12496: 12488: 12449: 12441: 12406: 12398: 12363: 12355: 12314: 12304: 12263: 12214: 12172: 12118: 12077: 12036: 12001: 11960: 11952: 11934: 11893:UNAIDS 11872: 11864: 11823: 11815: 11780: 11770: 11695: 11687: 11643: 11635: 11595: 11560: 11550: 11511: 11503: 11468: 11458: 11419: 11388: 11354: 11344: 11279: 11269: 11230: 11222: 11177: 11134: 11124: 11031: 11021: 10980: 10970: 10917: 10859: 10849: 10798: 10771: 10761: 10753: 10513: 10503: 10462: 10414: 10407:315530 10404: 10368: 10360: 10315: 10307: 10272: 10262: 10211: 10172: 10164: 10129: 10121: 10080: 10072: 10035: 10025: 9950: 9940: 9859: 9797: 9787: 9640:UNAIDS 9604: 9569: 9502: 9492: 9421: 9390: 9380: 9341: 9333: 9280: 9272: 9231: 9201: 9191: 9152: 9142: 9092: 9061: 9020: 9012: 8976: 8935: 8927: 8892: 8882: 8840: 8830: 8791: 8781: 8742: 8732: 8674: 8647: 8620: 8565: 8530: 8499: 8491: 8456: 8448: 8412: 8402: 8363: 8353: 8296: 8265: 8230: 8220: 8166: 8101: 8045: 7991: 7938: 7928: 7882: 7804: 7794: 7755: 7747: 7692: 7664: 7654: 7615: 7605: 7566: 7556: 7515: 7488: 7453: 7443: 7392: 7384: 7341: 7297: 7289: 7254: 7246: 7219:Nature 7194: 7186: 7145: 7135: 7094: 7084: 7006: 6967: 6942: 6907: 6803: 6725: 6715: 6644: 6636: 6506: 6496: 6482:: 24. 6436: 6428: 6360: 6245: 6237: 6196: 6188: 6153: 6145: 6096: 6057: 6032: 6024: 5989: 5953: 5945: 5901: 5860: 5835: 5825: 5784: 5774: 5735: 5725: 5573: 5532: 5522: 5508:: 67. 5481: 5449: 5439: 5400: 5390: 5346: 5321: 5279: 5252: 5224: 5146: 5123: 5074:"AIDS" 5058: 5048: 4991: 4964: 4921: 4894: 4850: 4807: 4768: 4743: 4733: 4607: 4574: 4465: 4457: 4402:UNAIDS 4378:May 9, 4344: 4334: 4290: 4224: 4158: 4152:UNAIDS 4120: 4110: 3990: 3933:UNAIDS 3912: 3902: 3815: 3741: 3702: 3677: 3669: 3615:UNAIDS 3408:UNAIDS 3314:, and 3302:, and 3290:, and 2846:Stigma 2808:, the 2742:fusion 2716:), an 2662:, the 2585:, and 2462:Latvia 2454:Russia 2346:, and 2323:, and 2290:cancer 2275: 2270: 2268: 2261: 2259: 2252: 2250: 2241: 2239: 2232: 2230: 2223: 2221: 2214: 2212: 2205: 2203: 2196:50–100 2194: 2192: 2185: 2183: 2176: 2174: 2167: 2165: 2158: 2156: 2120: 2114: 2108: 2102: 2096: 2090: 2084: 2078: 2072: 2066: 1879:, and 1786:RV 144 1675:USPSTF 1621:UNAIDS 1587:condom 1517:, and 1371:10–33 1363:18–45 1352:23–90 1321: 1315: 1159:latent 1143:genome 1010:, and 916:, and 852:Sexual 838:sputum 777:0.03% 761:0.30% 753:0.67% 701:sweats 680:, and 657:, and 550:These 447:condom 414:, and 386:, and 364:spread 349:tumors 347:, and 317:UNAIDS 252:Deaths 150:Causes 136:tumors 73:symbol 19686:Media 19453:(B+T) 19351:Other 19173:Mumps 18932:Mumps 18902:Human 18332:MCPyV 17870:(HPV) 17822:Viral 17666:(STI) 17512:Haiti 17362:Nepal 17332:Japan 17312:India 17202:Niger 17167:Kenya 17152:Ghana 17137:Egypt 17122:Benin 16310:(PDF) 16283:(PDF) 16270:Notes 16187:(CDC) 16183:U.S. 16142:S2CID 16099:S2CID 16056:S2CID 15893:(PDF) 15854:(PDF) 15727:(PDF) 15716:(PDF) 15417:(CDC) 15413:U.S. 15069:(PDF) 15062:(PDF) 14985:(PDF) 14974:(PDF) 14945:(PDF) 14715:S2CID 14578:S2CID 14539:(PDF) 14528:S2CID 14508:(PDF) 14477:(PDF) 14464:(PDF) 14227:S2CID 14129:S2CID 13754:S2CID 13648:S2CID 13350:(PDF) 13339:(PDF) 13318:JSTOR 13245:S2CID 13155:S2CID 13103:S2CID 12855:(PDF) 12844:(PDF) 12813:(PDF) 12796:(PDF) 12776:(PDF) 12769:(PDF) 12737:(CDC) 12733:U.S. 12702:(PDF) 12691:(PDF) 12549:S2CID 12494:S2CID 12447:S2CID 12404:S2CID 12361:S2CID 12183:(PDF) 12166:(PDF) 11958:S2CID 11870:S2CID 11821:S2CID 11722:(PDF) 11715:(PDF) 11693:S2CID 11641:S2CID 11509:S2CID 11228:S2CID 11063:(PDF) 11056:(PDF) 10716:(PDF) 10705:(PDF) 10634:(FDA) 10630:U.S. 10599:(EMA) 10571:(PDF) 10560:(PDF) 10543:(PDF) 10532:(PDF) 10366:S2CID 10313:S2CID 10170:S2CID 10127:S2CID 10078:S2CID 9980:(PDF) 9969:(PDF) 9870:(PDF) 9853:(PDF) 9447:(PDF) 9440:(PDF) 9339:S2CID 9278:S2CID 9018:S2CID 8933:S2CID 8685:(PDF) 8668:(PDF) 8497:S2CID 8454:S2CID 8054:(PDF) 8031:(PDF) 8000:(PDF) 7977:(PDF) 7828:(CDC) 7824:U.S. 7753:S2CID 7446:19306 7390:S2CID 7295:S2CID 7252:S2CID 7214:(PDF) 7192:S2CID 7054:arXiv 6642:S2CID 6434:S2CID 6325:(PDF) 6318:(PDF) 6271:(PDF) 6264:(PDF) 6243:S2CID 6194:S2CID 6151:S2CID 6030:S2CID 5951:S2CID 5667:(PDF) 5660:(PDF) 5631:(CDC) 5627:U.S. 5597:(CDC) 5593:U.S. 4585:(PDF) 4568:(PDF) 4463:S2CID 4410:(PDF) 4397:(PDF) 4368:(CDC) 4364:U.S. 4222:S2CID 4169:(PDF) 4144:(PDF) 3826:(PDF) 3809:(PDF) 3577:(PDF) 3570:(PDF) 3509:(CDC) 3505:U.S. 2826:Haiti 2790:Congo 2738:HIV-1 2676:HIV-1 2668:HIV-2 2628:shape 2187:25–50 2178:10–25 1515:lungs 1513:, or 1346:ELISA 1337:Days 1132:sense 1105:genus 834:feces 655:fungi 588:HIV-1 513:fever 156:(HIV) 115:Later 110:Early 79:with 71:is a 19771:Taxa 19703:News 19219:and 18887:hMPV 18759:OC43 18755:HKU1 18751:NL63 18747:229E 18405:AIDS 18284:KSHV 18059:AIDS 17967:male 17860:anal 17830:AIDS 17569:Peru 17347:Laos 17327:Iraq 17322:Iran 17252:Asia 17187:Mali 17090:Ayds 16652:PrEP 16565:AIDS 16472:5938 16456:MeSH 16445:OMIM 16430:9-CM 16420:B24 16416:B20 16401:1C62 16397:1C61 16393:1C60 16287:ISBN 16259:2018 16229:2018 16199:2018 16134:PMID 16091:PMID 16048:PMID 16011:2009 15976:PMID 15923:ISBN 15882:PMID 15840:PMID 15797:PMID 15754:ISBN 15735:2015 15699:2021 15681:ISBN 15660:2021 15642:ISBN 15621:2015 15603:ISBN 15582:2015 15564:ISBN 15543:2013 15511:2013 15481:2013 15455:2013 15429:2014 15395:2018 15363:2012 15332:2012 15300:2012 15269:2011 15239:2011 15206:2022 15173:2011 15140:2011 15107:2011 15077:2008 15040:PMID 15008:2015 14953:2008 14905:PMID 14874:2024 14848:PMID 14803:2018 14750:2013 14707:PMID 14689:AIDS 14666:PMID 14621:2015 14603:ISBN 14547:2006 14485:2007 14446:2015 14414:2009 14381:2016 14363:ISBN 14339:2016 14321:ISBN 14300:2016 14282:ISBN 14261:2021 14219:PMID 14170:2010 14121:PMID 14086:PMID 14021:PMID 13962:PMID 13944:ISSN 13905:PMID 13853:PMID 13804:PMID 13746:PMID 13728:Cell 13705:PMID 13640:PMID 13591:PMID 13531:2015 13513:ISBN 13488:PMID 13445:PMID 13422:2008 13410:Time 13391:2011 13358:2008 13279:PMID 13237:PMID 13186:PMID 13147:PMID 13095:PMID 13060:PMID 13019:PMID 12972:2019 12942:2020 12894:2014 12827:link 12800:ISBN 12749:2023 12710:2023 12668:2024 12639:PMID 12594:2019 12541:PMID 12510:2019 12486:PMID 12439:PMID 12396:PMID 12353:PMID 12335:AIDS 12312:PMID 12261:PMID 12230:2015 12212:ISBN 12191:2012 12170:ISBN 12146:2012 12116:PMID 12075:PMID 12034:PMID 11999:PMID 11981:AIDS 11950:PMID 11906:2023 11862:PMID 11844:AIDS 11813:PMID 11778:PMID 11730:2008 11685:PMID 11667:AIDS 11633:PMID 11593:PMID 11558:PMID 11536:2010 11501:PMID 11466:PMID 11417:PMID 11386:PMID 11352:PMID 11307:2023 11277:PMID 11255:2017 11220:PMID 11175:PMID 11132:PMID 11085:link 11071:2009 11029:PMID 10978:PMID 10933:2015 10915:ISBN 10891:2018 10857:PMID 10796:PMID 10769:PMID 10751:ISSN 10739:2021 10688:2021 10646:2021 10611:2020 10511:PMID 10460:PMID 10412:PMID 10358:PMID 10305:PMID 10270:PMID 10225:2021 10209:PMID 10162:PMID 10119:PMID 10101:AIDS 10070:PMID 10033:PMID 9988:2014 9948:PMID 9922:JAMA 9903:2023 9857:ISBN 9829:2023 9795:PMID 9750:2022 9718:2022 9686:2020 9653:2023 9602:PMID 9567:PMID 9530:2015 9500:PMID 9478:2009 9455:2008 9419:PMID 9388:PMID 9366:2012 9331:PMID 9294:2020 9270:PMID 9229:PMID 9199:PMID 9150:PMID 9090:PMID 9059:PMID 9041:JAMA 9010:PMID 8974:PMID 8956:JAMA 8925:PMID 8890:PMID 8868:2013 8838:PMID 8816:2016 8789:PMID 8740:PMID 8693:2018 8672:ISBN 8645:PMID 8618:PMID 8579:2012 8563:PMID 8528:PMID 8489:PMID 8446:PMID 8410:PMID 8361:PMID 8294:PMID 8263:PMID 8228:PMID 8180:2020 8164:PMID 8129:2006 8099:PMID 8062:2020 8043:PMID 8008:2020 7989:PMID 7936:PMID 7880:PMID 7862:JAMA 7840:2018 7802:PMID 7745:PMID 7708:2015 7690:ISBN 7662:PMID 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