Alcoholics Anonymous

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members come to tell their stories. At Big Book meetings, attendees read from the AA Big Book and discuss it. There are also meetings with or without a topic that allow participants to speak up or "share". Online meetings are digital meetings held on platforms such as Zoom. Offline meetings, also called "face to face", "brick and mortar", or "in-person" meetings, are held in a shared physical real-world location. Some meetings are hybrid meetings, where people can meet in a specified physical location, but people can also join the meeting virtually.

521:, from which AA drew its name. Informally known as "The Big Book." The second edition of the Big Book was released in 1955, the third in 1976, and the fourth in 2001. The first part of the book, which details the program, has remained largely intact since the 1939 edition, with minor statistical updates and edits. The second part contains personal stories that are updated with every edition to reflect current AA membership, resulting in earlier stories being removed – these were published separately in 2003 in the book 725:

Steps, we tried to carry this message to alcoholics, and to practice these principles in all our affairs.") All 12th Step calls that come to the Central Office are handed to sober AA members who have volunteered to handle these calls. It also maintains service centers, which coordinate activities such as printing literature, responding to public inquiries, and organizing conferences. Other International General Service Offices (Australia, Costa Rica, Russia, etc.) are independent of AA World Services in New York.

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altruistic, unaffiliated, non-coercive, and non-hierarchical organization, limiting A.A.'s mission to helping alcoholics at a non-professional level while avoiding publicity. To prioritize recovery, the traditions discourage hierarchies, dogma, public controversies, property acquisition, and outside contributions. Members are advised against using A.A. for personal gain or public prestige, and anonymity is emphasized, particularly in media, with no prescribed consequences for breaches.

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must be prepared for this behavior or find male or female-only groups. As of 2010, women-only meetings are a very prevalent part of AA culture, and AA has become more welcoming for women. AA's pamphlet on sponsorship suggests that men be sponsored by men and women be sponsored by women. AA also has a safety flier which states that "Unwanted sexual advances and predatory behaviors are in conflict with carrying the A.A. message of recovery."

827:, claims only five to eight percent of the people who go to one or more AA meetings achieve sobriety. Dodes opposes the idea that a social network is needed to overcome substance abuse. Dodes assertion that AA is ineffective has been criticized. Some other experts claim that the book's conclusion that " approaches are almost completely ineffective and even harmful in treating substance use disorders" is wrong. In a 2015 article for 752:

years with 36% sober more than ten years, 13% sober from five to ten years, 24% sober from one to five years, and 27% sober less than one year. Before coming to AA, 63% of members received some type of treatment or counseling, such as medical, psychological, or spiritual. After coming to AA, 59% received outside treatment or counseling. Of those members, 84% said that outside help played an important part in their recovery.

29: 546:. In presenting the doctor's postulate, AA said "The doctor's theory that we have an allergy to alcohol interests us. As laymen, our opinion as to its soundness may, of course, mean little. But as ex-problem drinkers, we can say that his explanation makes good sense. It explains many things for which we cannot otherwise account." AA later acknowledged that "alcoholism is not a true allergy, the experts now inform us." 299: 529:

resentments; list and become ready to remove character defects; list and make amends to those harmed; continue to take a moral inventory, pray, meditate, and try to help other alcoholics recover. The second half of the book, "Personal Stories" (subject to additions, removal, and retitling in subsequent editions), is made of AA members' redemptive autobiographical sketches.

453:, titled “Twelve Suggested Points for A.A. Tradition.” Recognizing the need for guidance as A.A. expanded, he aimed to preserve the organization’s unity and purpose. Bill described the input he received as a "welter of exciting and fearsome experience," which greatly influenced the development of the Traditions. From December 1947 to November 1948, 883:, 1973 conference-approved literature said "we had the disease of alcoholism." Regardless of official positions, since AA's inception, most members have believed alcoholism to be a disease. Its association with AA, as well as a good deal of its broader acceptance, stems from many members propagating it. However, AA has not formally endorsed it. 416:

members. In 1940, Rockefeller organized a dinner to promote A.A., which further increased the number of inquiries. The office became effective. Each request received a personal reply and a pamphlet, enhancing interest in the book. Consequently, many new groups were established, and by the end of 1940, A.A. membership had grown to 2,000.

833:, Gabrielle Glaser criticized the dominance of AA in the treatment of addiction in the United States, citing Dodes's figures and a 2006 Cochrane report, to claim AA had a low success rate. In the past, others have criticized 12-step programs as pseudoscientific Her figures and assertions, however were criticized by other experts. 262:. When Hazard ended treatment with Jung after about a year, and came back to the US, he soon resumed drinking, and returned to Jung in Zurich for further treatment. Jung told Hazard that his case was nearly hopeless (as with other alcoholics) and that his only hope might be a "spiritual conversion" with a "religious group". 346:

on religion (as required by The Oxford Group) and more on the science of treating alcoholism. Bill W. would later write: "The early AA got its ideas of self-examination, acknowledgment of character defects, restitution for harm done, and working with others straight from the Oxford Group and directly from

386:, which outlined A.A.’s philosophy and introduced the Twelve Steps. This book also included case histories of thirty individuals who had achieved recovery, marking a significant milestone in A.A.'s development. The Twelve Steps were influenced by the Oxford Group's 6 steps and various readings, including 5768:

We believe that for every hardship, every temptation, the Creative Forces of the Universe have provided a way out. For us, it is Twelve Step programs. Osmosis won't work, neither will another person's concept of Higher Power (HP) necessarily work for you for any length of time. In the beginning, you

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In May 2017, Alcoholics Anonymous World Services Inc. filed a lawsuit in the Supreme Court of the State of New York seeking the return of the original manuscript of the Big Book from its then-owner. AAWS claimed that the manuscript had been given to them as a gift in 1979. This action was criticized

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sampled 55 women in AA and found that 35% of these women had experienced a "pass" and 29% had felt seduced at least once in AA settings. This has also happened with new male members who received guidance from older female AA members pursuing sexual company. The authors suggest that both men and women

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We AAs have never called alcoholism a disease because, technically speaking, it is not a disease entity. For example, there is no such thing as heart disease. Instead, there are many separate heart ailments or combinations of them. It is something like that with alcoholism. Therefore, we did not wish

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Nick Heather, an addiction researcher, critiqued the review, arguing it may have a sample bias and that it failed to measure outcomes like quality of life or alcohol dependence, which are important for evaluating recovery. The authors responded, stating their review showed AA is at least as effective

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The 2001–2002 National Epidemiological Survey on Alcoholism and Related Conditions (NESARC) found that 3.4% of respondents had attended a 12-step meeting. Of those, 988 had ceased attending, 348 continued attending, and 105 were newcomers. These figures help to understand engagement and disengagement

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Initially intended as a resource for alcoholics worldwide, the Grapevine evolved into a unifying publication for the AA community, chronicling the Fellowship's growth, including the creation of the General Service Structure and publication of later editions of the Big Book. The Twelve Traditions were

528:

The Big Book suggests a twelve-step program in which members admit that they are powerless over alcohol and need help from a "higher power". It offers guidance and strength through prayer and meditation from God or a higher power of their own understanding; take a moral inventory with care to include

373:

Bill W. explained that alcoholism affects the mind, emotions, and body, a concept he learned from Dr. Silkworth at Towns Hospital in New York, where he had been a patient multiple times. Convinced by Bill's insights, Dr. Bob soon achieved sobriety and never drank again, marking the inception of A.A.,

200:

AA meetings vary in format, with some focusing on personal stories, readings from the Big Book, or open discussion. Meetings may cater to specific demographics, but they generally welcome anyone who desires to stop drinking. AA is self-supporting, with donations from members covering expenses, and it

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The family of Karla Mendez, who was murdered in 2011 by a man she met at an AA meeting, filed a civil lawsuit in 2012 against AA asserting AA had a "reckless disregard for, and deliberate indifference…to the safety and security of victims attending AA meetings who are repeatedly preyed upon at those

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to all problem drinkers, whether or not they are "full-blown" alcoholics. Along with Nancy Shute, Peele has advocated that besides AA, other options should be readily available to those problem drinkers who can manage their drinking with the right treatment. The Big Book says "moderate drinkers" and

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in the organization. To be all-encompassing, AA's ideology emphasizes tolerance rather than a narrow religious worldview that may make the organization unpalatable to potential members and thereby limit its effectiveness. AA's emphasis on the spiritual nature of its program, however, is necessary to

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A 2020 Cochrane review concluded that AA is more effective than other treatments, such as MET and CBT, in terms of abstinence rates. It also noted similar success in reducing drinking and alcohol-related problems, though this conclusion was based on moderate-certainty evidence. The review found that

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Many AA meetings take place in treatment facilities. Carrying the message of AA into hospitals was how the co-founders of AA first remained sober. They discovered great value in working with alcoholics who are still suffering, and that even if the alcoholic they were working with did not stay sober,

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Like individual groups, the GSO is self-supporting. AA receives proceeds from books and literature that constitute more than 50% of the income for its GSO. In keeping with AA's Seventh Tradition, the Central Office is fully self-supporting through the sale of literature and related products, and the

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AA meetings are gatherings where recovery from alcoholism is discussed. One perspective sees them as "quasi-ritualized therapeutic sessions run by and for, alcoholics". There are a variety of meeting types some of which are listed below. At some point during the meeting a basket is passed around for

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University of California professor Herbert Fingarette cited two statistics: at eighteen months, 25 percent of people still attended AA, and of those who did attend, 22 percent consistently maintained sobriety. Taken together, these numbers show that about 5.5 percent of all those who started with

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Several metrics are used to evaluate the success of AA, including abstinence, reduced drinking intensity, reduced alcohol-related consequences, addiction severity, and healthcare costs. Because of the anonymous and voluntary nature of AA meetings, it has been difficult to perform random trials with

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in Akron, Ohio, Smith worked with still more alcoholics. In 1939, a New York mental institution, Rockland State Hospital, was one of the first institutions to allow AA hospital groups. Service to corrections and treatment facilities used to be combined until the General Service Conference, in 1977,

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A member who accepts a service position or an organizing role is a "trusted servant" with terms rotating and limited, typically lasting three months to two years and determined by group vote and the nature of the position. Each group is a self-governing entity, with AA World Services acting only in

345:

Following his hospital discharge, Wilson joined the Oxford Group and tried to recruit other alcoholics to the group. These early efforts to help others kept him sober, but were ineffective in getting anyone else to join the group and get sober. Dr. Silkworth suggested that Wilson place less stress

164:, besides stressing anonymity and the lack of a governing hierarchy, establish AA as free to all, non-professional, unaffiliated, and non-denominational, as well as apolitical. Founded in the United States, in 2020 AA estimated it had over two million members; 75% of whom were in the US and Canada. 949:

effects of the twelve-step philosophy and concluded that AA uses many methods that are also used by cults. A later review disagreed, stating that AA's program bore little resemblance to religious cult practices. In 2014, Vaillant published a paper making the case that Alcoholics Anonymous is not a

415:

as board members. Although they sought to raise significant funds, Rockefeller decided that large contributions might jeopardize the Fellowship. Despite this, the foundation opened a small office in New York to handle inquiries and distribute the Alcoholics Anonymous book, primarily funded by A.A.

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Meta-studies indicate that AA costs less and leads to higher abstinence rates. Longitudinal studies suggest AA appears to be about as effective as other abstinence-based support groups. More recent studies employing randomized and blinded trials have shown 12-step programs provide similar benefit

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AA's New York General Service Office survey of over 6,000 members in Canada and the United States concluded that, in North America, AA members who responded to the survey were 62% male and 38% female. The survey found that 89% of AA members were white. Average member sobriety is slightly under 10

635:

There are many different types of meetings. "Open" meetings welcome anyone—nonalcoholics can attend as observers. Meetings listed as "closed" welcome those with a self-professed "desire to stop drinking," which cannot be challenged by another member on any grounds. At speaker meetings one or more

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The World Service Meeting (WSM), established in 1969, is a biennial international forum where AA delegates from around the world exchange ideas and experiences on carrying the message of recovery. Held in various global cities, the WSM focuses on sharing strategies to help alcoholics in different

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The Twelve Traditions provide essential guidelines—not rules—that help A.A. groups navigate their relationships both internally and with the outside world. These traditions ensure that membership is open to anyone seeking to stop drinking, with no dues or fees required. These Traditions foster an

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Back in America, Hazard went to the Oxford Group, whose teachings were eventually the source of such AA concepts as "meetings" and "sharing" (public confession), making "restitution", "rigorous honesty" and "surrendering one's will and life to God's care". Hazard underwent a spiritual conversion"

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What differentiates AA from universities, religions, and, of course, cults, is that AA, by experimentation during its first few years and perhaps guided by the outcomes of the alcoholics whom it was trying to heal, evolved along the lines of biological spirituality, not superstitious religion or

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through prayer, meditation, and moral self-inventory in order to recover from alcoholism. The Big Book introduces the concept that alcoholism is an "illness," requiring a spiritual solution, though AA refrains from calling it a disease. Members are encouraged to attend meetings, maintain regular

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AA skeptics were confident that by putting AA up against the best professional psychotherapies in a highly rigorous study, Project MATCH would prove beyond doubt that the 12-steps were mumbo jumbo. The skeptics were humbled: Twelve-step facilitation was as effective as the best psychotherapies

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In the United States and Canada, AA meetings are held in hundreds of correctional facilities. The AA General Service Office has published a workbook with detailed recommendations for methods of approaching correctional-facility officials with the intent of developing an in-prison AA program. In

724:

In keeping with AA's Eighth Tradition, the Central Office employs special workers who are compensated financially for their services, but their services do not include working with alcoholics in need (the "12th Step"). (AA's 12th step is: "Having had a spiritual awakening as the result of these

712:

AA groups are self-supporting, relying on voluntary contributions from members to cover expenses. The AA General Service Office (GSO) limits contributions to US$ 5,000 a year. "Below" the group level, AA may hire outside professionals for services that require specialized expertise or full-time

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While AA has pamphlets that suggest meeting formats, groups have the autonomy to hold and conduct meetings as they wish "except in matters affecting other groups or AA as a whole". Different cultures affect ritual aspects of meetings, but around the world "many particularities of the AA meeting

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In 1951, A.A.'s New York office expanded its activities, including public relations, support for new groups, services to hospitals and prisons, and cooperation with agencies in the field of alcoholism. The headquarters also published standard A.A. literature and oversaw translations, while the

212:

AA has faced criticism for various reasons. Critics have questioned its overall success rate, and others have criticized the religious or cult-like aspects of its program. There have also been concerns about "thirteenth-stepping," where older members pursue new members romantically, as well as

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Since the mid-1970s, several 'agnostic' or 'no-prayer' AA groups have begun across the US, Canada, and other parts of the world, which hold meetings that adhere to a tradition allowing alcoholics to freely express their doubts or disbelief that spirituality will help their recovery, and these

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Members are encouraged to find an experienced fellow alcoholic, called a sponsor, to help them understand and follow the AA program. The sponsor should preferably have experienced all twelve of the steps, be the same sex as the sponsored person, and refrain from imposing personal views on the

755:

The same survey showed that AA received 32% of its membership from other members, another 32% from treatment facilities, 30% were self-motivated to attend AA, 12% of its membership from court-ordered attendance, and only 1% of AA members decided to join based on information obtained from the

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institutionalize a feeling of transcendence. A tension results from the risk that the necessity of transcendence, if taken too literally, would compromise AA's efforts to maintain a broad appeal. As this tension is an integral part of AA, Rudy and Greil argue that AA is best described as a

477:

Recognizing the need for accountability, delegates from across the U.S. and Canada were convened, leading to the first meeting of the A.A. General Service Conference in 1951. This successful gathering established direct oversight of A.A.'s trusteeship by the Fellowship itself, ensuring the

537:

AA's Big Book calls alcoholism "an illness which only a spiritual experience will conquer." Ernest Kurtz says this is "The closest the book Alcoholics Anonymous comes to a definition of alcoholism." Somewhat divergently in his introduction to The Big Book, non-member and early benefactor

962:

Gabrielle Glaser criticized 12-step programs for being "faith-based", but 12-step programs allow for a very wide diversity of spiritual beliefs, and there are a growing number of secular 12-step meetings. Some have criticized AA as "a cult that relies on God as the mechanism of action".

559:, established in June 1944 by six AA members in New York, became AA's national journal by 1945 and later its international journal. Supported by Bill W., the magazine featured first-person stories, AA news, and discussions on key topics like women in AA and veterans returning from war. 958:

Some have criticized 12-step programs as "a cult that relies on God as the mechanism of action" and as "overly theistic and outdated". Others have cited the necessity of a "higher power" (an "HP") in formal AA as creating dependence on outside factors rather than internal efficacy.

201:

operates through an "inverted pyramid" structure, where individual groups function autonomously. The organization does not accept outside contributions and relies heavily on literature sales. AA also provides services in hospitals, treatment centers, and correctional facilities.

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two publications from the Rand Corporation At 4-year follow-up the Rand group identified patients with at least one year abstinence who had been regular members of AA 18 months after the start of treatment: 42% of the regular AA members were abstinent, not the "calculated" 5.5%

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they did. Bill Wilson wrote, "Practical experience shows that nothing will so much insure immunity from drinking as intensive work with other alcoholics". Bill Wilson visited Towns Hospital in New York City in an attempt to help the alcoholics who were patients there in 1934. At

586:

AA's program extends beyond abstaining from alcohol. Its goal is to effect enough change in the alcoholic's thinking "to bring about recovery from alcoholism" through "an entire psychic change," or spiritual awakening. A spiritual awakening is meant to be achieved by taking the

708:

what to do, but it has worked and proved itself extremely robust". Butler explained that "AA's 'inverted pyramid' style of governance has helped it to avoid many of the pitfalls that political and religious institutions have encountered since it was established here in 1946."

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There have been numerous studies on the effectiveness of AA. A 2006 study by Rudolf H. Moos and Bernice S. Moos saw a 67% success rate 16 years later for the 24.9% of alcoholics who ended up, on their own, undergoing a lot of AA treatment. However, this may be influenced by

381:

In late 1935, a new group of alcoholics began forming in New York, followed by another in Cleveland in 1939. Over the course of four years, these three initial groups helped around 100 people achieve sobriety. In early 1939, the Fellowship published its foundational text,

852:

After evaluating AA's literature and observing AA meetings for sixteen months, sociologists David R. Rudy and Arthur L. Greil found that for an AA member to remain sober, a high level of commitment is necessary. This commitment is facilitated by a change in the member's

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AA participation via AA twelve step facilitation (AA/TSF) had sustained remission rates 20-60% above other well-established treatments. Additionally, 4 of the 5 economic studies in the review found that AA/TSF lowered healthcare costs considerably.

295:, whom he knew had a drinking problem. Thacher approached Wilson saying that he had "got religion", was sober, and that Wilson could do the same if he set aside objections and instead formed a personal idea of God, "another power" or "higher power". 4749:

Kelly, John F.; Humphreys, Keith; Ferri, Marica (2020). "Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12-step programs for alcohol use disorder". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 3 (CD012880): 35. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012880.pub2. PMC 7065341. PMID

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As the growing Fellowship faced disputes over structure, purpose, authority, and publicity, Wilson began promoting the Twelve Traditions. Bill W. first introduced his ideas on the Twelve Traditions in an April 1946 article for

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by many members of Alcoholics Anonymous since they didn't want their parent organization engaged in lawsuits. Alcoholics Anonymous World Services Inc. asked the court to voluntarily discontinue the action in November 2017.

743:

addition, AA publishes a variety of pamphlets specifically for the incarcerated alcoholic. Additionally, the AA General Service Office provides a pamphlet with guidelines for members working with incarcerated alcoholics.

378:. One patient, who soon achieved sobriety, joined them. Together, the three men formed the foundation of what would later become Alcoholics Anonymous, although the name "Alcoholics Anonymous" had not yet been adopted. 4106: 4713:"Let's not turn back the clock: Comments on Kelly et al., "Alcoholics Anonymous and 12-Step Facilitation Treatments for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Distillation of a 2020 Cochrane Review for Clinicians and Policy Makers"" 4674:"Let's not turn back the clock: Comments on Kelly et al., "Alcoholics Anonymous and 12-Step Facilitation Treatments for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Distillation of a 2020 Cochrane Review for Clinicians and Policy Makers"" 1329:"Twelve-Step Facilitation (TSF) interventions include extended counseling, adopting some of the techniques and principles of AA, as well as brief interventions designed to link individuals to community AA groups." 250:’s psychiatric treatment to spiritual conversion through the Oxford Group played a pivotal role in shaping the foundations of Alcoholics Anonymous, influencing its principles of recovery. In 1926, Hazard went to 4833:

Dodes hadn't yet read the new Cochrane Review, but said in an interview that he is opposed to the fundamental idea of AA -- that fellowship and social connections are needed to deal with substance use disorders

478:

organization’s future governance. At the 1955 conference in St. Louis, Missouri, Wilson relinquished stewardship of AA to the General Service Conference, as AA had grown to millions of members internationally.

430:, generated a surge of interest and requests for help. The Cleveland group, although small, successfully assisted many alcoholics, quickly growing from twenty to around 500 members. A subsequent article in 208:

found that AA and Twelve-Step Facilitation (TSF) significantly increased rates and durations of abstinence compared to other treatments like cognitive-behavioral therapy, while being more cost-effective.

271:

with the help of the Group and began to experience the liberation from drink he was seeking. He became converted to a lifetime of sobriety while on a train ride from New York to Detroit after reading

701:, called it a "benign anarchy". The Twelve Traditions informally guide how individual AA groups function, and the Twelve Concepts for World Service guide how the organization is structured globally. 6429: 632:

voluntary donations. AA's 7th tradition requires that groups be self-supporting, "declining outside contributions". Weekly meetings are listed in local AA directories in print, online and in apps.

567:, was written by one of the Grapevine’s early editors Tom. Y. and first appeared in the June 1947 issue. In 1986, it was reaffirmed as AA's international journal by the General Service Conference. 934:"a certain type of hard drinker" can stop or moderate their drinking. The Big Book suggests no program for these drinkers, but instead seeks to help drinkers without "power of choice in drink." 189:

Informally known as the “Big Book”, it is the origin of AA's name. As the subtitle states, AA started with men only—all of them white—but this makeup was neither intentional nor long-lasting.

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Bill W. (1955). "Alcoholics Anonymous: the story of how many thousands of men and women have recovered from alcoholism" (2nd ed.). New York City: Alcoholics Anonymous World Services.

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them. However, environmental and quasi-experiment studies suggest that AA can help alcoholics make positive changes. Until recently, ethical and operational issues had prevented robust

5162:

A related point is that some critiques of TS do not maintain a clear distinction between TS groups and rehabilitation programs and facilities that use TS groups, principles, or TSF

1123:– a 1995 film starring Richard Lewis as an alcoholic who leaves an AA meeting and relapses. The film cuts back and forth between his eventual relapse and the other meeting attendees. 4096: 197:

contact with other alcoholics, and find a sponsor, who helps guide them through the twelve steps. The program aims for a "spiritual awakening" as the path to sobriety and recovery.

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Humphreys, Keith; Moos, Rudolf (May 2001). "Can encouraging substance abuse patients to participate in self-help groups reduce demand for health care? A quasi-experimental study".

992:

United States courts have ruled that inmates, parolees, and probationers cannot be ordered to attend AA. Though AA itself was not deemed a religion, it was ruled that it contained

4621: 3110: 791:, a 1990s multi-site study, found AA to be more effective than no treatment. Other studies link increased AA attendance with higher spirituality and reduced alcohol consumption. 7201: 604:, sponsors in AA may benefit from their relationship with their charges, as "helping behaviors" correlate with increased abstinence and lower probabilities of binge drinking. 895:

to get in wrong with the medical profession by pronouncing alcoholism a disease entity. Hence, we have always called it an illness or a malady—a far safer term for us to use.

2018:(2019) clarify many details, rewriting history. Many statements made online, and in earlier books, including Susan Cheever's book referenced next, need to be reconsidered. 4865:

has estimated, as Glaser puts it, that "AA's actual success rate somewhere between 5 and 8 percent," but this is a very controversial figure among addiction researchers.

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introduced to AA by Bill W. in April 1946 through an article titled "Twelve Suggested Points for A.A. Tradition." The AA Preamble, inspired by the Foreword of the book

4887: 5980:"In the Matter of David Griffin, Appellant, v. Thomas A. Coughlin III, As Commissioner of the New York State Department of Correctional Services, et al., Respondents" 6757: 2749:

Humphreys, Keith; Kaskutas, Lee Ann (1995). "World Views of Alcoholics Anonymous, Women for Sobriety, and Adult Children of Alcoholics/Al-Anon Mutual Help Groups".

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AA shares the view that acceptance of one's inherent limitations is critical to finding one's proper place among other humans and God. Such ideas are described as "

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Coleman, Phyllis (December 2005). "Privilege and Confidentiality in 12-Step Self-Help Programs: Believing The Promises Could Be Hazardous to an Addict's Freedom".

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on AA, membership tripled over the next year. Interviews on American radio and favorable articles in US magazines led to increased big book sales and membership.

5491:

Levinson, D (1983). "Current Status of the Field: An Anthropological Perspective on the Behavior Modification Treatment of Alcoholism". In Galanter, Marc (ed.).

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magazine resulted in a flood of requests for assistance, further expanding A.A.'s reach. 1941, AA had 2,000 members in 50 cities and towns. After the article in

291:

In keeping with the Oxford Group teaching that a new convert must win other converts to preserve his own conversion experience, Thacher contacted his old friend

474:

gained substantial circulation. Despite these essential services, they were managed by a disconnected board of trustees, primarily linked to Bill and Dr. Bob.

354:

departs significantly from Oxford Group belief. In AA, alcoholism cannot be cured, and the Oxford Group stressed the possibility of complete victory over sin.

4489:"Alcoholics Anonymous and 12-Step Facilitation Treatments for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Distillation of a 2020 Cochrane Review for Clinicians and Policy Makers" 4383:"Alcoholics Anonymous and 12-Step Facilitation Treatments for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Distillation of a 2020 Cochrane Review for Clinicians and Policy Makers" 2014:

This first sentence has been revised to reflect conclusions drawn by William Schaberg's exhaustive research into 1930s AA documents. The results published in

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as other treatments and more cost-effective. The authors also noted the lack of quality-of-life measures was due to the limitations of the reviewed studies.

204:

Many studies and reviews show AA as an effective and cost-efficient method for achieving abstinence in individuals struggling with alcohol addiction. A 2020

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an advisory capacity. AA is served entirely by alcoholics, except for seven "nonalcoholic friends of the fellowship" of the 21-member AA Board of Trustees.

8947: 7582: 1262: 1009: 6088: 8253: 403:, joined in 1939. The first black AA group commenced in 1945 in Washington D.C., and was founded by Jim S., an African-American physician from Virginia. 6240: 313:

Feeling a "kinship of common suffering", Wilson attended his first group gathering, although he was drunk. Within days, Wilson admitted himself to the

4951:

Roth, Jeffrey D; Khantzian, Edward J (2015). "Book Review: The Sober Truth: Debunking the Bad Science behind 12-step Programs and the Rehab Industry".

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Kaskutas, Lee Ann; Ye, Yu; Greenfield, Thomas K.; Witbrodt, Jane; Bond, Jason (30 June 2008). "Epidemiology of Alcoholics Anonymous Participation".

509:, the latter explaining AA's fundamental principles in depth. The full text of each of these two books is available on the AA website at no charge. 6415:

Laudatory but never simplistic, "Bill W." is a thoroughly engrossing portrait of Wilson, his times and the visionary fellowship that is his legacy.

4655: 4298: 3981:"Estimating the efficacy of Alcoholics Anonymous without self-selection bias: an instrumental variables re-analysis of randomized clinical trials" 739:

voted to dissolve its Institutions Committee and form two separate committees, one for treatment facilities, and one for correctional facilities.

8640: 8202: 5132:"Addiction, 12-Step Programs, and Evidentiary Standards for Ethically and Clinically Sound Treatment Recommendations: What Should Clinicians Do?" 6778: 6241:“PLAINTIFF’S MEMORANDUM OF LAW IN SUPPORT OF ITS MOTION TO VOLUNTARILY DISCONTINUE THIS ACTION PURSUANT TO CPLR 3217(b)” filed November 27, 2017 4134:"The role of spirituality and religiousness in aiding recovery from alcohol and other drug problems: An investigation in a national U.S. sample" 3835: 1548: 7485: 7249: 1770: 1055: 3535: 4998: 4760:

Ferri, Marcia; Amato, Laura; Davoli, Marina (19 July 2006). "Alcoholics Anonymous and other twelve-step programmes for alcohol dependence".

2476: 1071: – a 2011 biographical documentary film that tells the story of Bill Wilson using interviews, recreations, and rare archival material. 370:, a surgeon, who was unable to stay sober. Dr. Bob's participation in the Oxford Group had not been enough to enable him to stop drinking. 7544: 7197: 6609:"Screen: Return From Alcoholism; 'I'll Cry Tomorrow' Is Film at Music Hall Susan Hayward Seen in Lillian Roth Story Lana Turner as 'Diane'" 2217: 1000:

below as, inter alia, "religion", "religious activity", "religious exercise") to make coerced attendance at AA meetings a violation of the

857:. They argue that to help members stay sober, AA must provide an all-encompassing worldview while creating and sustaining an atmosphere of 3844:

the free and flexible support provided by mutual help groups can help people make and sustain beneficial changes and thus promote recovery

7106: 5062: 4318:"A longitudinal study of the comparative efficacy of Women for Sobriety, LifeRing, SMART Recovery, and 12-step groups for those with AUD" 2249: 1183: 4361: 3603:

Bill went back to Towns constantly to work on alcoholics there, simply trying to help others had kept him from even thinking of drinking

3512: 8957: 8843: 8413: 7333: 3114: 5456:"The drinking dilemma: by calling abstinence the only cure, we ensure that the nation's $ 100 billion alcohol problem won't be solved" 2615: 2480: 2472: 2077: 977:

In the Fifth Step, AA members typically reveal their own past misconduct to their sponsors. US courts have not extended the status of

8395: 7745: 6253: 6001:

Honeymar (1997). "Alcoholics Anonymous As a Condition of Drunk Driving Probation: When Does It Amount to Establishment of Religion".

4782:

no experimental studies unequivocally demonstrated the effectiveness of AA or approaches for reducing alcohol dependence or problems

3818: 1298: 7786: 7034: 1495: 972: 4881: 2872: 2555: 2157: 485:

Today, A.A. is present in approximately 180 nations worldwide. By 2018, AA had 2,087,840 members and 120,300 AA groups worldwide.

8383: 7902: 6398: 5953: 3425: 3400: 2769: 6343: 3261: 8265: 6734: 6229: 6102: 6083:

program involved here has such substantial religious components that governmentally compelled participation in it violated the

3779: 2941: 2721: 2418: 192:

The AA program encourages individuals who identify as alcoholics to admit they are powerless over alcohol and seek help from a

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12-step patients had higher rates of abstinence at follow-up (45.7% versus 36.2% for patients from CB programs, p < 0.001)

3692: 2826: 849:'s ideal that humans have the capacity to make their lives and societies a heaven on Earth using their own power and reason. 8366: 7274: 7149: 7116: 7068: 7007: 6980: 6950: 6919: 6890: 6858: 5861: 5508: 5330:

Bogart, Cathy J.; Bogart, Cathy J. (2003). "'13th-Stepping:' Why Alcoholics Anonymous Is Not Always a Safe Place for Women".

4803: 4463: 4269: 2264: 2087: 2045: 457:

published the Traditions individually, and in 1950, the First International Convention in Cleveland officially adopted them.

392: 3084: 2965: 7879: 721:

voluntary contributions of AA members and groups. It does not accept donations from people or organizations outside of AA.

5174:

Rudy, David R.; Greil, Arthur L. (1989). "Is Alcoholics Anonymous a Religious Organization?: Meditations on Marginality".

4824: 4199:"Reporting and Interpreting Effect Sizes in Applied Health-Related Settings: The Case of Spirituality and Substance Abuse" 704:

In Ireland, Shane Butler said that AA "looks like it couldn't survive as there's no leadership or top-level telling local

8600: 8525: 7321: 7000:

The Diseasing of America: how we allowed recovery zealots and the treatment industry to convince us we are out of control

5576: 3333: 3009:

Leach, Barry; Norris, John L.; Dancey, Travis; Bissell, Leclair (1969). "Dimensions of Alcoholics Anonymous: 1935–1965".

1701: 1520: 1363: 1127: 498: 184: 6665: 8498: 8324: 7936: 7598: 7327: 7242: 7170: 4285: 3146: 2530: 1947: 1075: 697:

AA says it is "not organized in the formal or political sense", and Wilson, borrowing the phrase from anarchy theorist

505: 493:

Alcoholics Anonymous publishes several books, reports, pamphlets, and other media, including a periodical known as the

332:. At the hospital, a despairing Wilson experienced a bright flash of light, which he felt to be God revealing himself. 6286: 3285: 2493: 366:, an Akron surgeon. Wilson's first success came during a business trip to Akron, Ohio, where he was introduced to Dr. 8883: 8863: 8623: 8306: 5754: 5314: 3907: 3626: 3589: 2800: 2130: 1754: 735: 6694: 3728: 8317: 8113: 7537: 7188: 4537: 3366: 1135:

is an alcoholic who gets help from two members of the local AA chapter. A 1977 TV drama was also based on the play.

89: 6608: 6579: 6522: 6179: 3855: 945:, replacing it with the deviant identity. A 1985 study based on observations of AA meetings warned of detrimental 689: 591:, and sobriety is furthered by volunteering for AA and regular AA meeting attendance or contact with AA members. 8493: 7973: 7926: 7269: 4916:

Emrick, Chad; Beresford, Thomas (2016). "Contemporary Negative Assessments of Alcoholics Anonymous: A Response".

1091: 233: 182:, they and other alcoholics helped each other until forming what became AA. In 1939 the new fellowship published 6804: 6180:"Case BC492735 Hector Mendez Et Al Vs Eric Allen Earle Et Al - Trellis: Legal Intelligence + Judicial Analytics" 6072: 4606: 2897:

Zemore, S. E.; Kaskutas, L. A. & Ammon, L. N. (August 2004). "In 12-step groups, helping helps the helper".

2468: 2464: 2190: 1724: 756:

Internet. People taking the survey were allowed to select multiple answers for what motivated them to join AA.

8962: 8138: 7956: 7760: 6204: 5455: 2371: 1268: 1179:. An elementary school teacher's drinking begins to interfere with her job, so she attempts to get sober in AA. 6463: 1208:

who is a recovering drug addict. Several episodes are centered around AA meetings and the process of recovery.

799:(CBT), and were more effective in producing continuous abstinence and remission compared to these approaches. 350:, their former leader in America, and from nowhere else." According to Mercadante, however, the AA concept of 8967: 8942: 7658: 7511: 7235: 6230:

Michael Levin “Alcoholics Anonymous goes to court (and its members are livid)” Fox News Opinion, June 7, 2017

3932:"Participation in Treatment and Alcoholics Anonymous: A 16-Year Follow-Up of Initially Untreated Individuals" 1107: 986: 6037: 8579: 8546: 8334: 7808: 7750: 7668: 7653: 7643: 7434: 5844:

White, William L.; Kurtz, Ernest (2008). "Twelve Defining Moments in the History of Alcoholics Anonymous".

4083:

the research that does show AA to be effective is overwhelmingly flawed by what is known as selection bias.

1288: 1247: 1167:

as a mob hit man with a drinking problem who is forced to accept a job at a mortuary and go to AA meetings.

938: 796: 771: 6314: 1059: – a 2010 film about the wife of founder Bill Wilson, and the beginnings of Alcoholics Anonymous and 399:

The first female member, Florence Rankin, joined AA in March 1937, and the first non-Protestant member, a

8921: 8273: 7587: 7530: 5556: 5460: 1152: 982: 651:

AA meetings do not exclude other alcoholics, though some meetings cater to specific demographics such as

4987: 1016:

meetings by financial, violent, and sexual predators...". The lawsuit against AA was dismissed in 2016.

937:

In 1983, a review stated that the AA program's focus on admission of having a problem increases deviant

8789: 8752: 8530: 7781: 7673: 3618:

Lois remembers: memoirs of the co-founder of Al-Anon and wife of the co-founder of Alcoholics Anonymous

1283: 1188: 930: 819:

The effectiveness of AA, compared to other methods and treatments, has been challenged over the years.

426: 6636: 3616: 1539: 1131:– A 1952 film based on a play of the same title about a loveless marriage where the husband played by 581: 8688: 8354: 8243: 7796: 7705: 7648: 6914:. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press. 6850:

Alcoholics Anonymous: the story of how many thousands of men and women have recovered from alcoholism

4849: 1436: 1225: 436: 8817: 7393: 1217: 1212: 1035: 978: 858: 643: 539: 322: 8219: 5381:

Sanders, Jolene M. (2010). "Acknowledging Gender in Women-Only Meetings of Alcoholics Anonymous".

3545: 8868: 8673: 8610: 8508: 8483: 7755: 6103:"Twelve Steps to Danger: How Alcoholics Anonymous Can Be a Playground for Violence-Prone Members" 5148: 5131: 1303: 1176: 616: 412: 5306: 5300: 4197:

Sánchez-Iglesias, Iván; Saiz, Jesús; Molina, Antonio J.; Goldsby, Tamara L. (31 December 2022).

1655:

Chappel, JN; Dupont, RL (1999). "Twelve-Step and Mutual-Help Programs for Addictive Disorders".

907:

is a pejorative term for AA members approaching new members for dates. In 2003, a study in the

8441: 8388: 8344: 8229: 8197: 7988: 7961: 7449: 6319: 1309: 1195: 519:

Alcoholics Anonymous: The Story of How More than One Hundred Men Have Recovered from Alcoholism

411:

In 1938, Dr. Bob and Bill created The Alcoholic Foundation in New York, bringing in friends of

185:

Alcoholics Anonymous: The Story of How More than One Hundred Men Have Recovered from Alcoholism

8630: 5830: 3581: 3575: 3571: 2270: 8234: 7818: 7813: 7717: 7679: 7572: 7217: 4649: 4097:"Here's proof that Alcoholics Anonymous is just as effective as professional psychotherapies" 3504: 2302: 842: 6758:"Don't Worry, He Won't Get Far on Foot review – Van Sant's disability drama misses the mark" 6733: 6428: 3145: 2779: 2584: 2523:

Experience, Strength and Hope: Stories from the First Three Editions of Alcoholics Anonymous

2029: 8794: 8781: 8725: 8158: 7951: 7870: 7803: 7700: 7102: 6550: 6084: 5495:. Recent Developments in Alcoholism. Vol. 1. New York: Plenum Press. pp. 55–261. 5493:

Genetics Behavioral Treatment Social Mediators and Prevention Current Concepts in Diagnosis

3811: 1797: 1139: 1001: 846: 176: 8503: 6430:"A Walk Among The Tombstones, film review: Neeson could sleepwalk down these mean streets" 6263: 4362:"Alcoholics Anonymous works for some people. A new study suggests the alternatives do too" 4316:

Zemore, Sarah E; Lui, Camillia; Mericle, Amy; Hemberg, Jordana; Kaskutas, Lee Ann (2018).

2037: 1012:

stated that a parolee who was ordered to attend AA had standing to sue his parole office.

8: 8873: 8747: 8488: 8473: 8423: 8128: 8118: 7897: 7827: 7615: 7471: 7439: 7290: 6492: 6080: 5601:

Right, KB (1997). "Shared Ideology in Alcoholics Anonymous: A Grounded Theory Approach".

4796:

The Sober Truth: Debunking the Bad Science Behind 12-Step Programs and the Rehab Industry

4101: 1462: 1278: 1273: 1236:

stars as a man who, after overcoming his own demons through AA, helps others do the same.

784: 659:, or culture. Meetings in the United States are held in a variety of languages including 375: 217: 157: 92: 7025: 5332:

Journal of Addictions Nursing: A Journal for the Prevention and Management of Addictions

3312: 2544: 2079:

Healing power of self love: enhance your chances of recovery from addiction through the.

1087:, a recovering alcoholic detective whose AA membership is a central element of the plot. 8705: 8648: 8564: 8463: 8456: 8418: 8378: 8184: 8085: 8000: 7978: 7832: 7791: 7553: 7478: 7398: 7363: 7057: 6728: 6641: 6613: 6584: 6555: 6527: 6468: 6348: 6018: 5934: 5812: 5720: 5699: 5679: 5653: 5398: 5363: 5274: 5191: 5033: 4968: 4933: 4583: 4558: 4542: 4513: 4488: 4423: 4402: 4382: 4342: 4317: 4233: 4220: 4198: 4174: 4153: 4133: 4054: 4029: 4005: 3980: 3956: 3931: 3699: 2865: 2607: 1817: 1764: 1606: 1581: 1482: 1413: 1388: 1221: 1047: 656: 367: 363: 243: 213:

lawsuits regarding safety and the religious nature of AA in court-mandated treatment.

172: 69: 5636:

Vaillant, George (2014). "Positive Emotions and the Success of Alcoholics Anonymous".

4825:"AA Keeps People From Drinking Alcohol Longer Than Other Tools, Cochrane Review Finds" 3429: 3393: 3252: 1668: 8735: 8605: 8468: 8446: 8349: 8224: 8168: 7946: 7885: 7875: 7847: 7823: 7429: 7341: 7295: 7166: 7160: 7145: 7135: 7122: 7112: 7082: 7074: 7064: 7013: 7003: 6986: 6976: 6956: 6946: 6939: 6925: 6915: 6909: 6896: 6886: 6880: 6864: 6854: 6835: 6670: 6497: 6291: 5926: 5918: 5910: 5875: 5867: 5857: 5816: 5804: 5750: 5725: 5707: 5657: 5618: 5568: 5560: 5522: 5514: 5504: 5402: 5367: 5355: 5347: 5310: 5278: 5266: 5153: 5112: 5107: 5090: 5037: 4972: 4937: 4799: 4773: 4732: 4712: 4693: 4673: 4637: 4588: 4518: 4469: 4459: 4428: 4410: 4347: 4275: 4265: 4258: 4238: 4179: 4161: 4059: 4010: 3961: 3903: 3622: 3585: 2932: 2914: 2910: 2796: 2611: 2526: 2411: 2353: 2345: 2260: 2165: 2083: 2041: 1943: 1821: 1750: 1672: 1611: 1487: 1418: 1293: 942: 684: 660: 329: 161: 5938: 5209: 3772: 265: 8718: 8668: 8312: 8248: 8214: 8207: 8090: 8057: 8047: 7454: 7052: 6876: 6127: 6010: 5902: 5849: 5794: 5715: 5691: 5645: 5610: 5496: 5390: 5339: 5258: 5183: 5143: 5102: 5029: 4960: 4925: 4769: 4765: 4724: 4685: 4633: 4629: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4508: 4500: 4451: 4418: 4394: 4337: 4329: 4228: 4210: 4169: 4145: 4049: 4041: 4000: 3992: 3951: 3943: 3666: 3231:"Native American Indian General Service Office of Alcoholics Anonymous (NAIGSO-AA)" 3018: 2906: 2819: 2758: 2671: 2599: 1809: 1664: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1477: 1408: 1400: 1201: 668: 664: 362:

In 1935, AA began in Akron, Ohio, as the outcome of a meeting between Bill W., and

314: 279:. Hazard brought Thacher to the Calvary Rescue Mission, led by Oxford Group leader 106: 6969: 6805:"The Drink Takes The Man: Alcoholism And Recovery In THE SHINING And DOCTOR SLEEP" 5979: 5799: 5782: 5541: 4929: 4613: 3073: 2231: 921: 175:(Dr. Bob) first commiseration alcoholic-to-alcoholic in 1935. Meeting through the 8888: 8569: 8554: 8535: 8040: 8035: 7909: 7419: 7305: 7090: 6435: 5744: 5649: 5500: 4455: 3540: 3371: 2972: 2030: 1728: 1252: 1205: 1187:– a 2018 biography/comedy/drama by Gus Van Sant, based on the life of cartoonist 1099: 1084: 698: 672: 306: 205: 5853: 5781:

Galanter, Marc; White, William L.; Ziegler, Penelope P.; Hunter, Brooke (2020).

3868: 3621:(illustrated, reprint ed.). Al-Anon Family Group Headquarters. p. 95. 3183: 3054: 3029: 1978: 1798:"Influence of Carl Jung and William James on the Origin of Alcoholics Anonymous" 1722:

Retrospective 1961 letter from C.G. Jung to Bill Wilson about Rowland Hazard III

224:—with AA’s permission—have adopted and adapted the twelve steps and traditions. 8903: 8713: 8693: 8655: 8520: 7941: 7931: 7921: 7729: 7695: 7561: 7492: 7373: 6971:

Pass It on: The Story of Bill Wilson and how the A.A. Message Reached the World

4381:

Kelly, John F; Abry, Alexandra; Ferri, Marica; Humphreys, Keith (6 July 2020).

4333: 4215: 3856:

https://addiction.surgeongeneral.gov/sites/default/files/chapter-5-recovery.pdf

2032:

My name is Bill: Bill Wilson: his life and the creation of Alcoholics Anonymous

1513: 1354: 1171: 1132: 1080: 1067: 774:

from being conducted comparing 12-step programs directly to other approaches.

400: 318: 302: 5906: 5695: 5394: 4045: 3340: 3022: 2762: 8936: 8878: 8759: 8663: 8559: 8148: 8080: 8030: 8025: 8010: 8005: 7983: 7892: 7859: 7724: 7593: 6868: 5914: 5871: 5711: 5703: 5564: 5518: 5407:

AA has evolved in a dialectical fashion to become more accommodating to women

5351: 5270: 4964: 4728: 4689: 4504: 4414: 4406: 4398: 4224: 4165: 4157: 3893:

Lilienfeld, Scott O.; Lynn, Steven Jay; Lohr, Jeffrey; Tavris, Carol (2015).

2349: 2169: 1708: 1404: 1257: 1233: 1148: 1119: 1095:– a school counselor attends AA meetings in a residential treatment facility. 926: 788: 601: 387: 347: 280: 275:

by Oxford Group member AJ Russell. Members of the group introduced Hazard to

102: 7126: 7086: 7017: 6990: 6960: 6929: 6900: 5614: 5359: 2357: 1813: 647:

Building for Spanish-speaking AA group in Westlake neighborhood, Los Angeles

8838: 8828: 8618: 7914: 7444: 7403: 7300: 7141: 7094: 6699: 5930: 5922: 5879: 5808: 5729: 5622: 5572: 5343: 5157: 5116: 5067: 5041: 4777: 4736: 4697: 4641: 4592: 4522: 4473: 4432: 4351: 4279: 4242: 4183: 4063: 4014: 3965: 3743:

Carrying the Message into Correctional Facilities, Where Do I Go From Here?

3289: 3170:"International Conference of Young People in Alcoholics Anonymous (ICYPAA)" 2918: 2501: 2259:(Reprinted in booklet form ed.). Alcoholics Anonymous World Services. 2131:"First black AA group to celebrate 70th anniversary today in Washington DC" 1676: 1615: 1491: 1422: 1229: 1164: 1144: 946: 829: 588: 340: 276: 193: 179: 6911:

Alcoholics Anonymous as a mutual-help movement: a study in eight societies

6839: 5526: 5262: 4622:"Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12-step programmes for alcohol dependence" 4559:"Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12-step programs for alcohol use disorder" 4299:"New Review Finds Alcoholics Anonymous Is Effective, But Not For Everyone" 3773:"AA Guidelines from GSO: Cooperating with Court, DWI and Similar Programs" 3334:"The A.A. Service Manual Combined with Twelve Concepts for World Services" 2696: 2603: 2134: 1582:"Alcoholics Anonymous and other 12-step programs for alcohol use disorder" 8769: 8764: 8635: 8515: 8405: 8298: 8070: 8015: 7620: 7368: 7137:

Alcoholic thinking: Language, culture, and belief in Alcoholics Anonymous

6258: 5783:"An empirical study on the construct of "God" in the Twelve Step process" 5428: 4487:

Kelly, John F.; Abry, Alexandra; Ferri, Marica; Humphreys, Keith (2020).

3724: 3698:. New York: Alcoholics Anonymous Word Services, Inc. 1995. Archived from 3286:"Alcoholics Anonymous (A. A.) Meetings in Los Angeles County, California" 2435: 2191:"Alcoholics Anonymous: Series of 1939 Plain Dealer articles - AA History" 2065:. New York: Works Publishing Company. p. Original Manuscript p. 217. 1159: 1112: 820: 255: 79: 3208: 2896: 1461:

Tonigan, Scott J; Connors, Gerard J; Miller, William R (December 2000).

374:

on 10 June 1935. Bill W. and Dr. Bob started working with alcoholics at

8898: 8730: 8678: 8478: 8451: 8361: 8143: 8123: 8052: 7635: 7625: 7424: 7378: 7227: 7189:"Why some people swear by Alcoholics Anonymous — and others despise it" 6372: 6155:"Judge Dismisses Alcoholics Anonymous In Saugus Wrongful Death Lawsuit" 6022: 5195: 4149: 3996: 3947: 3640:

simply trying to help other had kept him from even thinking of drinking

1702:

1961 letter from Carl Jung to Bill Wilson concerning Rowland Hazard III

1151:

who goes to AA to help her stop drinking. The film was based on Roth's

1040: 886:

Bill Wilson explained in 1960 why AA had refrained from using the term

854: 621: 305:

or "chip", given for specified lengths of sobriety. On the back is the

153: 149: 6779:"CBS' 'Elementary' deduces the painful truth at the heart of sobriety" 4988:"In Defense of 12 Steps: What Science Really Tells Us about Addiction" 3655:(3rd ed.). Alcoholics Anonymous World Services. 1976. p. 89. 3577:

Turning Point: A History of Early A.A.'s Spiritual Roots and Successes

3479: 3454: 973:

Rational Recovery § Court-mandated twelve-step program attendance

309:. Here green is for six months of sobriety; purple is for nine months. 8833: 8740: 8574: 8373: 8339: 8192: 8163: 8133: 8065: 8020: 7993: 7841: 7776: 7610: 7605: 7522: 7383: 5746:

Young Sober and Free: Experience, Strength, and Hope for Young Adults

3442:

Gross Profit from Literature ≈8,6M (57%), Contributions ~$ 6.5M (43%)

1721: 1103:– an addict (alcohol, cocaine) visits an AA meeting to get a sponsor. 326: 259: 247: 7223:

Reproduction of the 1938 Original Manuscript of Alcoholics Anonymous

6853:(4th ed.). New York City: Alcoholics Anonymous World Services. 6464:"Review/Film: When a Man Loves a Woman; A Woman Under the Influence" 6014: 5187: 1547:(4th ed.). Alcoholics Anonymous World Services. p. xxiii. 8433: 8097: 6848: 4538:"Alcoholics Anonymous vs. Other Approaches: The Evidence Is Now In" 3505:"Alcoholics Anonymous : International General Service Offices" 2940:, New York: Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, 19 October 2016 , 2460: 2238:, December 22, 2015, Post Perspective. Retrieved December 10, 2022 1648: 5743:

Marshall, Shelly (26 May 2010) . "We've All Been Hung Up on God".

5217:, New York: Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, 11 January 2017, 4260:

Outpatient Treatment of Alcoholism: a review and comparative study

4079:

Unbroken Brain: A Revolutionary New Way of Understanding Addiction

2795:(4th ed.). New York: AA World Services. 2002. pp. xxix. 517:

In 1939, Wilson and other members wrote the book initially titled

8595: 8153: 7712: 7388: 7358: 4992: 4828: 4256:

Brandsma, Jeffery M; Maultsby, Maxie C; Welsh, Richard J (1980).

4196: 3329: 2158:"Top 10 Things You Didn't Know About Alcoholics Anonymous - TIME" 1111:– a 1962 film about a married couple struggling with alcoholism. 1060: 625: 543: 292: 266:

Hazard’s spiritual conversion & involvement with Oxford Group

221: 168: 65: 7078: 6975:. New York: Alcoholics Anonymous World Services. December 1984. 4883:

Alcoholics Anonymous and The Atlantic: A Call For Better Science

3751:

A.A. in Correctional Facilities, It Sure Beats Sitting in a Cell

2372:"The Rocky Road to the First General Service Conference of A.A." 2303:"The Beginnings of The Twelve Traditions | Alcoholics Anonymous" 1631:"Alcoholics Anonymous most effective path to alcohol abstinence" 4190: 3055:"What to Expect at an A.A. Meeting | Alcoholics Anonymous" 2218:"The Impact on Early A.A. of the 1939 Liberty Magazine Article" 2118:(3rd ed.). New York: AA World Services. 1976. p. 483. 705: 652: 464: 251: 7222: 6038:"Appeals court says requirement to attend AA unconstitutional" 5091:"Understanding prevention research as a form of pseudoscience" 4793: 3428:. Alcoholics Anonymous General Services Office. Archived from 3111:"A History of Agnostic Groups in Alcoholics Anonymous: Part 1" 2633: 1514:"Estimates of A.A. Groups and Members As of December 31, 2020" 1043:

where Randy Marsh must attend AA meetings after getting a DUI.

298: 8893: 8801: 7966: 3839: 3836:"Frequently Asked Questions: Searching for Alcohol Treatment" 3288:. Alcoholics Anonymous in Staten Island, N. Y. Archived from 6666:"Hi, I'm Frank and I'm an alcoholic hitman in "You Kill Me"" 6315:"When Love Is Not Enough: The Lois Wilson Story – TV Review" 5244:"Alcoholics Anonymous and the Disease Concept of Alcoholism" 4445: 3873:. US Department of Health and Human Services. November 2016. 3580:(Volume 10 ed.). Good Book Publishing Company. p. 2585:"Alcoholics Anonymous and the disease concept of alcoholism" 1904:

Pittman, Bill "AA the Way it Began" 1988, Glenn Abbey Books

989:, to communications between an AA member and their sponsor. 836: 542:

said those unable to moderate their drinking suffer from an

6657: 6420: 6376: 5749:(2 ed.). Center City, Minnesota: Hazelden Publishing. 7033:, Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, Inc, 16 June 2016, 6686: 6344:"Review: 'When Love Is Not Enough: The Lois Wilson Story'" 6205:"Alcoholics Anonymous sues to recover original manuscript" 5780: 4619: 3339:. Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, Inc. Archived from 3169: 2971:. Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, Inc. Archived from 28: 7198:"Alcoholics Anonymous: Much More Than You Wanted To Know" 5680:"Alcoholics Anonymous Effectiveness: Faith Meets Science" 4302: 4030:"Alcoholics Anonymous Effectiveness: Faith Meets Science" 3315:

Alcoholics Anonymous Comes of Age: A Brief History of A.A

2990: 325:(an early benefactor of AA), Wilson's detox included the 8330:

Ban on caffeinated alcoholic drinks in the United States

6797: 4557:

Kelly, John F.; Humphreys, Keith; Ferri, Marica (2020).

3892: 3230: 3008: 2417:. General Service Office of Alcoholics Anonymous. 2007. 1580:

Kelly, John F.; Humphreys, Keith; Ferri, Marica (2020).

341:

Wilson's early efforts and influence of the Oxford Group

286: 4486: 4380: 4315: 3978: 3260:, New York: Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, 2009, 1051: – dramatized biography of co-founder Bill Wilson. 795:

compared to motivational enhancement therapy (MET) and

7210: 6455: 5831:"The "God" Word: Agnostic and Atheist Members in A.A." 4886:, National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence, 4480: 1907: 1380: 4255: 1979:"The Start and Growth of A.A. | Alcoholics Anonymous" 640:

meetings forgo the use of opening or closing prayers.

258:, to seek treatment for alcoholism with psychiatrist 152:

fellowship supporting abstinence-based recovery from

7583:

Alcohol-related traffic crashes in the United States

6629: 5418:

Questions and Answers on Sponsorship, page 10. 2005.

4439: 1537: 1511: 1460: 1263:

Community reinforcement approach and family training

613:

format can be observed at almost any AA gathering".

419: 8254:

List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita

5848:. Vol. 18. Springer New York. pp. 37–57. 4556: 3806: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3558:

by helping another alcoholic, he could save himself

2697:"A.A. Grapevine and La Viña | Alcoholics Anonymous" 2096: 1996: 1886: 1579: 7056: 6968: 6938: 6514: 5435: 4953:Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 4257: 2871:. Alcoholics Anonymous World Services, Inc. 1980. 1847: 1389:"Alcoholics Anonymous: Still Sober After 75 Years" 693:A regional service center for Alcoholics Anonymous 532: 357: 8259:Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States 7664:Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism 6484: 6278: 4979: 4816: 4743: 3902:(Second ed.). New York: The Guilford Press. 3888: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3459:Fort Worth central office of Alcoholics Anonymous 3049: 3047: 2825:. Alcoholics Anonymous Work Services, Inc. 1984. 2748: 2467:and more specific divisions of the organization ( 2331: 2329: 2327: 2325: 2323: 1872: 1155:detailing her alcoholism and sobriety through AA. 8934: 6600: 5673: 5671: 5539: 4759: 4529: 4290: 3896:Science and pseudoscience in clinical psychology 3797: 2744: 2742: 238: 130: 8953:Non-profit organizations based in New York City 8641:Foundation for Advancing Alcohol Responsibility 7195: 6543: 6060: 5954:"Faith in Confidentiality of Therapy Is Shaken" 4915: 4667: 4665: 4536:Frakt, Austin; Carroll, Aaron (11 March 2020). 4125: 3399:. Alcoholics Anonymous General Service Office. 3203: 3201: 2453: 1747:Writing The big book : the creation of A.A 1115:'s character attends an AA meeting in the film. 728: 7486:When Love Is Not Enough: The Lois Wilson Story 6335: 5787:The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 5533: 5022:Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 5013: 4986:Kelly, John F.; Beresin, Gene (7 April 2014). 4911: 4909: 4132:Kelly, John F.; Eddie, David (February 2020). 4070: 3985:Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 3877: 3189: 3074:"SMF-177: Information on Alcoholics Anonymous" 3044: 3035: 2931: 2436:"A.A. Around the World | Alcoholics Anonymous" 2320: 2247: 2027: 1575: 1573: 1571: 1569: 1056:When Love Is Not Enough: The Lois Wilson Story 317:after drinking four beers on the way—the last 216:Other addiction recovery fellowships, such as 7538: 7243: 7111:. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. 6941:Silkworth: the little doctor who loved drunks 6245: 5994: 5668: 5629: 5484: 5383:Journal of Groups in Addiction & Recovery 5129: 5019: 4950: 4875: 4873: 4753: 4704: 4249: 3812:"Alcoholics Anonymous 2014 Membership Survey" 3211:. Inter-Group Association of A.A. of New York 2739: 2406: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2398: 1654: 1463:"Special Populations in Alcoholics Anonymous" 1386: 996:religious components (variously described in 966: 8203:International Women's Collaboration Brew Day 7186: 6715: 5977: 5945: 5886: 5329: 5149:10.1001/journalofethics.2016.18.6.sect1-1606 5123: 4985: 4662: 4654:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4535: 3717: 3685: 3198: 3138:"Alcoholics Anonymous, Without the Religion" 2966:"Suggestions For Leading Beginners Meetings" 2672:"History of the AA Grapevine | AA Grapevine" 1352: 869: 678: 465:Creation of General Service Conference (GSR) 8948:Addiction and substance abuse organizations 7108:The Natural History of Alcoholism Revisited 7059:Getting Better: Inside Alcoholics Anonymous 6364: 6029: 5594: 5323: 5063:"The Irrationality of Alcoholics Anonymous" 4906: 4309: 4094: 2849: 2847: 2814: 2812: 2578: 2576: 1942:: p. 55. Westminster John Knox Press: 1996 1566: 1039:- A 2005 episode of the animated TV series 424:In 1939, media coverage, particularly from 406: 8844:Medicinal Liquor Prescriptions Act of 1933 8414:List of countries with alcohol prohibition 7545: 7531: 7250: 7236: 7162:Not-God: a history of Alcoholics Anonymous 6724:"A Relationship's Glue Is Made of Alcohol" 6571: 6390: 6287:"Picks and Pans Review: My Name Is Bill W" 6100: 5843: 5837: 5447: 4870: 4843: 4841: 4374: 4131: 4021: 3972: 3923: 3765: 3418: 2890: 2395: 2344:(6). Alcoholics Anonymous. November 1949. 2075: 2036:. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 1932: 1789: 1769:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1454: 1429: 1348: 1346: 1010:Ninth Circuit of the U.S. Court of Appeals 27: 7746:Short-term effects of alcohol consumption 7051: 6663: 6306: 5798: 5719: 5173: 5167: 5147: 5106: 4879: 4794:Lance Dodes, M.D.; Zachary Dodes (2014). 4582: 4512: 4422: 4341: 4232: 4214: 4173: 4076: 4053: 4004: 3955: 3828: 3755:Memo to an Inmate Who May be an Alcoholic 3480:"The Twelve Steps | Alcoholics Anonymous" 2958: 2525:, New York: Alcoholics Anonymous, 2003, 2155: 2128: 2060: 1605: 1481: 1412: 1299:Short-term effects of alcohol consumption 1079:(2015), a mystery/suspense film based on 837:Philosophical and sociological dimensions 7257: 7101: 6606: 6577: 6520: 6000: 5742: 5677: 5635: 5490: 4607:"How Effective is Alcoholics Anonymous?" 4264:. Baltimore, MD: University Park Press. 4027: 3929: 3135: 2858: 2844: 2809: 2573: 1744: 1628: 688: 642: 620:Headquarters of Alcohólicos Anónimos in 615: 297: 8384:Legal drinking age in the United States 7165:. Center City, Minn: Hazelden Pittman. 6936: 6875: 6846: 6833: 6079:.9 (9th Cir. 2007) ("he AA/ 5971: 5951: 5892: 5542:"Alcoholics Anonymous: the unseen cult" 5380: 4838: 4762:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 4710: 4671: 4563:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 4138:Psychology of Religion and Spirituality 3930:Moos, Rudolf H.; Moos, BS (June 2006). 3759:A Message to Corrections Administrators 3533: 3527: 3364: 3310: 3129: 3113:. Humanist Network News. Archived from 3102: 2925: 2775: 1919: 1586:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 1343: 915: 582:Twelve-step program § Twelve Steps 16:Sobriety-focused mutual help fellowship 8935: 7552: 7133: 7027:Questions & Answers on Sponsorship 6907: 6721: 6692: 6523:"Movie Review: Days of Wine and Roses" 6461: 6443:from the original on 18 September 2014 6427:Macnab, Geoffrey (18 September 2015). 6426: 6399:"'Bill W.' cuts through the anonymity" 6396: 6370: 6284: 6152: 6035: 5431:. Alcoholics Anonymous World Services. 5298: 5088: 5056: 5054: 4847: 4822: 4787: 3455:"Frequently Asked Financial Questions" 2996: 2854:Questions & Answers on Sponsorship 1795: 1028: 777: 759: 8367:List of dry communities by U.S. state 7526: 7231: 7158: 6997: 6578:Crowther, Bosley (24 December 1952). 6490: 6341: 5600: 5453: 5441: 5241: 3785:from the original on 28 November 2008 3731:from the original on 28 November 2008 3563: 3304: 3136:Freedman, Samuel (21 February 2014). 3071: 2722:"A History of the Grapevine Magazine" 2666: 2664: 2662: 2582: 2542: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2291: 2102: 2002: 1973: 1971: 1969: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1961: 1959: 1957: 1955: 1913: 1892: 1184:Don't Worry, He Won't Get Far on Foot 941:and strips members of their previous 929:argued that some AA groups apply the 393:The Varieties of Religious Experience 287:Bill W. & his spiritual awakening 7880:List of methanol poisoning incidents 6885:(1st ed.). Thomas Dunne Books. 6607:Crowther, Bosley (13 January 1956). 6521:Crowther, Bosley (18 January 1963). 6312: 6091:from the original on 2022-10-09. 5833:Alcoholics Anonymous World Services. 5582:from the original on 1 December 2010 5302:Drink: A Cultural History of Alcohol 4995:'s Common Health: Reform and Reality 4322:Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 3979:Humphreys; Blodgett; Wagner (2014). 3870:Recovery: The Many Paths to Wellness 3824:from the original on 9 October 2022. 3614: 3608: 3515:from the original on 10 October 2010 3318:. Harper, and Brothers. p. 224. 2424:from the original on 9 October 2022. 2076:Bamuhigire, Oscar Bamwebaze (2009). 1657:Psychiatric Clinics of North America 1501:from the original on 9 October 2022. 1163:– a 2007 crime-comedy film starring 443: 8601:Alcohol consumption recommendations 8526:Temperance and Good Citizenship Day 7196:Scott Alexander (24 October 2014). 6908:Mäkelä, Klaus; et al. (1996). 6722:Holden, Stephen (11 October 2012). 6048:from the original on 4 October 2009 5224:from the original on 9 October 2022 5130:Mendola, A.; Gibson, R. L. (2016). 5051: 4620:Ferri M, Amato L, Davoli M (2006). 3267:from the original on 9 October 2022 3090:from the original on 9 October 2022 2947:from the original on 9 October 2022 2621:from the original on 9 October 2022 2561:from the original on 9 October 2022 2516: 2224: 1554:from the original on 9 October 2022 1526:from the original on 9 October 2022 1512:Alcoholics Anonymous (April 2016). 1369:from the original on 9 October 2022 845:" because they are contrary to the 13: 8325:Alcohol packaging warning messages 7937:Alcohol use among college students 7599:Drunk driving in the United States 7328:Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions 7218:A History of Agnostic Groups in AA 7204:from the original on 24 June 2020. 7040:from the original on 25 March 2009 6882:Alcohol: The World's Favorite Drug 6251: 5769:might try using your sponsor's HP. 5678:Kaskutas, Lee Ann (2 April 2009). 5060: 5034:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2001.tb02271.x 5001:from the original on 11 April 2014 4450:. Vol. 18. pp. 261–282. 4296: 3569: 3367:"Group avoids politics of alcohol" 3328: 3254:A.A. for the Native North American 3108: 2878:from the original on 15 March 2009 2832:from the original on 25 March 2009 2659: 2288: 2215: 2129:Mustikhan, Ahmar (13 April 2015). 1952: 1629:Erickson, Mandy (1 October 2015). 1008:of the constitution. In 2007, the 899: 879:Though AA usually avoids the term 506:Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions 14: 8979: 8958:Organizations established in 1935 8884:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease 8864:Index of alcohol-related articles 8307:Administrative License Suspension 7180: 5846:Recent Developments in Alcoholism 5540:Alexander, F; Rollins, M (1985). 5257:(3–4). Informa UK Limited: 5–39. 4890:from the original on 15 July 2019 4823:Becker, Deborah (11 March 2020). 4448:Recent Developments in Alcoholism 3406:from the original on 18 June 2010 3365:Carroll, Steven (26 March 2010). 2463:search for materials authored by 2230:Jack Alexander (March 1, 1941). " 1470:Alcohol Health and Research World 1393:American Journal of Public Health 1387:Michael Gross (1 December 2010). 570: 420:Media coverage leads to expansion 335: 321:he ever drank. Under the care of 156:through its spiritually inclined 8917: 8916: 8318:Alcoholic beverage control state 8114:Andrew Johnson alcoholism debate 7507: 7506: 6771: 6750: 6664:Macdonald, Moira (6 July 2007). 6313:Dawn, Randee (14 October 2010). 6234: 6223: 6197: 6172: 6153:Marino, Enzo (15 January 2016). 6146: 6120: 6094: 6036:Egelko, Bob (8 September 2007). 5823: 5774: 5736: 5472: 5421: 5412: 5374: 5292: 5235: 5202: 5108:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02804.x 5082: 4944: 4850:"Why Alcoholics Anonymous Works" 4599: 4550: 4284:Brandsma 1980 is paywalled, but 4109:from the original on 31 May 2016 4088: 3747:A.A. in Prison: Inmate to Inmate 2911:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00782.x 1796:Finlay, Steven W. (March 2000). 1323: 874: 600:sponsored person. Following the 497:. Two books are used primarily: 488: 7927:Alcohol in association football 7187:German Lopez (2 January 2018). 6967: 6945:. Center City, Minn: Hazelden. 6827: 6491:Ebert, Roger (10 August 1988). 6462:Maslin, Janet (29 April 1994). 6101:ProPublica (29 November 2014). 5603:Journal of Health Communication 5454:Shute, Nancy (September 1997). 4848:Singal, Jesse (17 March 2015). 3861: 3849: 3659: 3645: 3534:Cheever, Susan (14 June 1999). 3497: 3472: 3447: 3394:"A.A. GSO Guidelines: Finances" 3386: 3358: 3322: 3278: 3244: 3223: 3162: 3065: 3002: 2785: 2751:Addiction Research & Theory 2726:Road To Recovery Group Plymouth 2714: 2689: 2645: 2536: 2486: 2483:) yields well over 500 results. 2428: 2388: 2381: 2364: 2248:Jack Alexander (1 March 1941). 2241: 2209: 2183: 2156:Steinmetz, Katy (2 July 2010). 2149: 2122: 2108: 2069: 2054: 2021: 2008: 1898: 1879: 1859: 1835: 1777: 1738: 1714: 1695: 953: 746: 575: 533:Illness and allergy terminology 358:Beginnings of AA in Akron, Ohio 234:History of Alcoholics Anonymous 8139:List of deaths through alcohol 7957:Epidemiology of binge drinking 7761:Subjective response to alcohol 7144:: Greenwood Publishing Group. 7002:. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. 6371:Urycki, Mark (27 March 2012). 6342:Lowry, Brian (23 April 2010). 5638:Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 5251:Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 4918:Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 4770:10.1002/14651858.CD005032.pub2 4634:10.1002/14651858.CD005032.pub2 4575:10.1002/14651858.CD012880.pub2 4286:is summarized in the Knowledge 3936:Journal of Clinical Psychology 2592:Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly 2195:Alcoholics Anonymous Cleveland 1869:p. 44 Oxford: The Oxford Group 1683: 1622: 1598:10.1002/14651858.CD012880.pub2 1505: 1269:Drug addiction recovery groups 1153:autobiography of the same name 1023: 594: 523:Experience, Strength, and Hope 1: 8624:Sweat alcohol content monitor 7659:Alcoholism in rural Australia 7024: 6693:Howell, Peter (6 July 2007). 6637:"Review: 'I'll Cry Tomorrow'" 6397:Linden, Sheri (18 May 2012). 6373:"Bill W. documentary at CIFF" 5982:. Legal Information Institute 5978:Judge Levine (11 June 1996). 5952:Hoffman, Jan (15 June 1994). 5895:The Journal of Legal Medicine 5800:10.1080/00952990.2020.1789870 5684:Journal of Addictive Diseases 4930:10.1080/07347324.2016.1217713 4360:German Lopez (5 March 2018). 4034:Journal of Addictive Diseases 3544:. p. 201. Archived from 2853: 1745:Schaberg, William H. (2019). 1669:10.1016/S0193-953X(05)70085-X 1538:Alcoholics Anonymous (2001). 1362:, AA General Service Office, 1336: 1175:– a 2012 drama film starring 239:Hazard's search for treatment 90:Mutual aid addiction recovery 8547:Adult Children of Alcoholics 8335:Drunk driving law by country 7751:Long-term effects of alcohol 7669:Disease theory of alcoholism 7654:Alcoholism in family systems 7644:Alcohol and Native Americans 7435:Disease theory of alcoholism 6128:"The Sober Truth - CBS News" 6076: 5650:10.1080/07347324.2014.907032 5501:10.1007/978-1-4613-3617-4_14 5461:U.S. News & World Report 4456:10.1007/978-0-387-77725-2_15 4120:professionals had developed. 3509:Alcoholics Anonymous website 3426:"GSO 2007 Operating Results" 2082:: Iuniverse Inc. p. x. 1802:Review of General Psychology 1353:AA Grapevine (15 May 2013), 1289:Long-term effects of alcohol 1248:Adult Children of Alcoholics 922:Alcoholism § Management 909:Journal of Addiction Nursing 864:quasi-religious organization 814: 797:cognitive behavioral therapy 772:randomized controlled trials 764: 729:Hospitals & institutions 549: 323:Dr. William Duncan Silkworth 7: 8274:International whisk(e)y day 7588:Driving under the influence 6285:Jarvis, Jeff (1 May 1989). 6254:"Review: My Name Is Bill W" 5854:10.1007/978-0-387-77725-2_3 5557:California State University 3817:. AA World Services. 2014. 3671:AA Area 62 (South Carolina) 3109:C., Roger (November 2011). 1240: 1143:– A 1955 film about singer 1076:A Walk Among the Tombstones 983:physician-patient privilege 607: 512: 167:AA dates its beginnings to 49:; 89 years ago 10: 8984: 8790:Christian views on alcohol 8396:List of alcohol laws of US 7674:High-functioning alcoholic 4880:Beresford, Thomas (2016), 4626:Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4334:10.1016/j.jsat.2018.02.004 4216:10.3390/healthcare11010133 4028:Kaskutas, Lee Ann (2009). 3011:Substance Use & Misuse 2477:General Service Conference 1727:December 15, 2000, at the 1284:List of twelve-step groups 1216: – Released in 2019, 970: 967:Lawsuits and court rulings 919: 682: 579: 427:The Cleveland Plain Dealer 352:powerlessness over alcohol 231: 227: 8912: 8856: 8810: 8780: 8704: 8689:Alcoholic spirits measure 8674:Low-alcoholic malt drinks 8588: 8432: 8404: 8355:Ignition interlock device 8297: 8288: 8244:Drunken monkey hypothesis 8177: 8106: 8077:Routes of administration 7858: 7769: 7738: 7706:Alcohol congener analysis 7688: 7649:Alcoholism in adolescence 7634: 7571: 7560: 7502: 7463: 7412: 7351: 7314: 7283: 7265: 6580:"Come Back, Little Sheba" 6493:"Review: Clean and Sober" 5907:10.1080/01947640500364713 5696:10.1080/10550880902772464 5395:10.1080/15560350903543766 5305:. Penguin Group. p. 4046:10.1080/10550880902772464 3083:. AA World Services Inc. 3023:10.3109/10826086909062033 2763:10.3109/16066359509005240 2336:"The Twelve Traditions". 987:clergy–penitent privilege 870:Criticism and controversy 679:Organization and finances 482:countries and languages. 437:The Saturday Evening Post 315:Charles B. Towns Hospital 125: 112: 98: 85: 75: 61: 43: 35: 26: 7394:William Duncan Silkworth 4965:10.1177/0003065114565235 4811:AA became sober members. 4077:Szalavitz, Maia (2016). 1405:10.2105/ajph.2010.199349 1316: 1092:When a Man Loves a Woman 979:privileged communication 675:, Russian, and Spanish. 602:helper therapy principle 413:John D. Rockefeller, Jr. 407:The Alcoholic Foundation 148:) is a global, peer-led 8869:Alcohol and spaceflight 8611:Alcohol server training 8484:Managed alcohol program 8062:Binge drinking devices 7756:Pharmacology of ethanol 6998:Peele, Stanton (1999). 6559:. US. 11 September 1995 6042:San Francisco Chronicle 5615:10.1080/108107397127806 5429:"Safety and A.A. Flyer" 3072:Anonymous, Alcoholics. 2543:Anonymous, Alcoholics. 2028:Cheever, Susan (2004). 1814:10.1037/1089-2680.4.1.3 1304:Stepping Stones (house) 1204:plays an adaptation of 1177:Mary Elizabeth Winstead 1128:Come Back, Little Sheba 8474:Alcohol rehabilitation 8442:Alcohol detoxification 8345:Field sobriety testing 8230:Health effects of wine 8198:International Beer Day 7962:Holiday heart syndrome 7159:Kurtz, Ernest (1991). 6937:Mitchel, Dale (2002). 6695:"Rehab for the reaper" 6645:. US. 31 December 1954 6320:The Hollywood Reporter 5549:California Sociologist 5344:10.1080/10884600305373 5242:Kurtz, Ernest (2002). 4729:10.1093/alcalc/agaa137 4717:Alcohol and Alcoholism 4711:Heather, Nick (2020). 4690:10.1093/alcalc/agaa137 4678:Alcohol and Alcoholism 4672:Heather, Nick (2020). 4505:10.1093/alcalc/agaa050 4493:Alcohol and Alcoholism 4399:10.1093/alcalc/agaa050 4387:Alcohol and Alcoholism 3693:"Corrections Workbook" 2583:Kurtz, Ernest (2002). 2545:"AA Big Book, preface" 2494:"Copyright of AA Book" 2250:"Alcoholics Anonymous" 1929:Glen Abbey Books, 1988 1310:Washingtonian movement 1108:Days of Wine and Roses 897: 694: 648: 628: 310: 8963:Therapeutic community 8726:Disulfiram-like drugs 8266:Ritual use of alcohol 8235:Wine and food pairing 8220:Apéritif and digestif 7871:Adulterated moonshine 7718:Blood alcohol content 7680:Seeing pink elephants 7134:Wilcox, D.M. (1998). 5299:Gately, Iain (2008). 5263:10.1300/j020v20n03_02 5176:Sociological Analysis 5136:AMA Journal of Ethics 3725:"Corrections Catalog" 3667:"Treatment Committee" 3536:"Bill W.: The Healer" 2604:10.1300/j020v20n03_02 2481:World Service Meeting 2257:Saturday Evening Post 2236:Saturday Evening Post 2133:. CNN. Archived from 1938:Mercadante, Linda A, 905:"Thirteenth-stepping" 892: 843:Counter-Enlightenment 803:patterns within AA. 692: 646: 619: 503:(the "Big Book") and 376:Akron’s City Hospital 301: 8968:Twelve-step programs 8943:Alcoholics Anonymous 8795:Alcohol in the Bible 8782:Religion and alcohol 8748:General anaesthetics 8541:Alcoholics Anonymous 8499:List of mixed drinks 7952:Alcohol intoxication 7867:Adulterated alcohol 7259:Alcoholics Anonymous 7063:. New York: Morrow. 6732:. US. Archived from 6085:Establishment Clause 6073:504 F.3d 705 5663:institutional greed. 5479:Alcoholics Anonymous 3842:. 29 November 2018. 3741:The titles include: 3653:Alcoholics Anonymous 3081:Alcoholics Anonymous 2793:Alcoholics Anonymous 2640:Alcoholics Anonymous 2552:Alcoholics Anonymous 2465:Alcoholics Anonymous 2232:Alcoholics Anonymous 2116:Alcoholics Anonymous 2063:Alcoholics Anonymous 2016:Writing the Big Book 1711:– photographic image 1541:Alcoholics Anonymous 1002:Establishment Clause 916:Criticism of culture 671:, French, Japanese, 565:Alcoholics Anonymous 500:Alcoholics Anonymous 384:Alcoholics Anonymous 177:Christian revivalist 142:Alcoholics Anonymous 22:Alcoholics Anonymous 8874:Gateway drug effect 8660:Low-alcohol drinks 8489:Non-alcoholic drink 8424:Temperance movement 8406:Alcohol prohibition 8129:Gilbert Paul Jordan 8119:Dionysian Mysteries 7903:on college campuses 7898:Alcohol advertising 7616:Public intoxication 7472:Bill W. and Dr. Bob 7440:Hazelden Foundation 7335:The Little Red Book 7103:Vaillant, George E. 6003:Columbia Law Review 5288:on 26 January 2012. 5061:Glaser, Gabrielle. 4102:The Washington Post 3432:on 27 November 2008 3117:on 21 February 2014 2999:, pp. 149–150. 2780:Appendix II, p. 567 2676:www.aagrapevine.org 2655:. 1975. p. 68. 2554:. Anonymous Press. 2504:on 24 February 2021 2197:. 14 September 2016 1940:Victims and Sinners 1927:AA the Way it Began 1731:with commentary by 1437:"Information on AA" 1279:Group psychotherapy 1274:Drug rehabilitation 1083:'s books featuring 1029:Film and television 998:Griffin v. Coughlin 785:self-selection bias 778:Reviews and studies 760:Effectiveness of AA 736:St. Thomas Hospital 655:, profession, age, 218:Narcotics Anonymous 158:twelve-step program 93:twelve-step program 23: 8706:Addiction medicine 8649:Get Your Sexy Back 8589:Alcohol limitation 8565:Sober living house 8531:Twelve-step groups 8464:Brief intervention 8457:Open-container law 8419:Neo-prohibitionism 8379:Legal drinking age 8185:Alcoholic beverage 8086:Alcohol inhalation 8001:Drinking in public 7979:Blackout Wednesday 7837:Beverage-specific 7554:Alcohol and health 7479:My Name Is Bill W. 7399:Rowland Hazard III 6729:The New York Times 6614:The New York Times 6585:The New York Times 6551:"Review: 'Drunks'" 6528:The New York Times 6469:The New York Times 6134:. 29 November 2014 5958:The New York Times 5555:(1). Los Angeles: 5089:Gorman DM (2010). 4543:The New York Times 4150:10.1037/rel0000295 3997:10.1111/acer.12557 3948:10.1002/jclp.20259 3705:on 25 October 2010 3142:The New York Times 2866:"A Newcomer Asks." 2498:gsowatch.aamo.info 2276:on 2 December 2008 2137:on 1 December 2017 2061:Anonymous (1939). 1733:the Big Book Bunch 1707:July 15, 2012, at 1048:My Name Is Bill W. 713:responsibilities. 695: 657:sexual orientation 649: 629: 311: 21: 8930: 8929: 8852: 8851: 8802:Islam and alcohol 8736:Calcium carbimide 8606:Alcohol education 8494:List of cocktails 8469:Designated driver 8447:Alcohol-free zone 8350:Hip flask defence 8284: 8283: 8225:Hangover remedies 8169:Whiskey Rebellion 8159:Six o'clock swill 7947:Austrian syndrome 7886:Surrogate alcohol 7876:Denatured alcohol 7848:Red wine headache 7520: 7519: 7430:Bill Wilson House 7296:Twelve Traditions 7151:978-0-275-96049-0 7118:978-0-674-60377-6 7070:978-0-688-06869-1 7009:978-0-7879-4643-2 6982:978-0-916856-12-0 6952:978-1-56838-794-9 6921:978-0-299-15000-6 6892:978-0-312-28387-2 6877:Edwards, Griffith 6860:978-1-893007-16-1 6783:Los Angeles Times 6738:on 1 January 2022 6671:The Seattle Times 6498:Chicago Sun-Times 6403:Los Angeles Times 6266:on 21 August 2017 5863:978-0-387-77724-5 5510:978-1-4613-3619-8 4805:978-0-8070-3315-9 4465:978-0-387-77724-5 4297:Becker, Deborah. 4271:978-0-8391-1393-5 4095:Keith Humphreys. 3570:B., Dick (1997). 3313:"benign+anarchy" 3150:on 1 January 2022 2266:978-0-89638-199-5 2089:978-1-44010-137-3 2047:978-0-7432-0154-4 1749:. Las Vegas, NV. 1635:Stanford Medicine 1399:(12): 2361–2363. 1306:, home of Bill W. 1294:Recovery approach 1140:I'll Cry Tomorrow 943:cultural identity 685:Twelve Traditions 540:William Silkworth 444:Twelve traditions 162:Twelve Traditions 139: 138: 8975: 8920: 8919: 8719:Chlordiazepoxide 8669:Low-alcohol beer 8313:Alcohol monopoly 8295: 8294: 8215:Drinking culture 8208:Women in brewing 8091:Vodka eyeballing 8058:Passive drinking 7569: 7568: 7547: 7540: 7533: 7524: 7523: 7510: 7509: 7455:Charles B. Towns 7445:The Oxford Group 7252: 7245: 7238: 7229: 7228: 7214: 7213: 7211:Official website 7205: 7192: 7176: 7155: 7130: 7098: 7062: 7048: 7047: 7045: 7039: 7032: 7021: 6994: 6974: 6964: 6944: 6933: 6904: 6872: 6847:Bill W. (2002). 6843: 6821: 6820: 6818: 6816: 6801: 6795: 6794: 6792: 6790: 6775: 6769: 6768: 6766: 6764: 6754: 6748: 6747: 6745: 6743: 6737: 6719: 6713: 6712: 6710: 6708: 6690: 6684: 6683: 6681: 6679: 6661: 6655: 6654: 6652: 6650: 6633: 6627: 6626: 6624: 6622: 6604: 6598: 6597: 6595: 6593: 6575: 6569: 6568: 6566: 6564: 6547: 6541: 6540: 6538: 6536: 6518: 6512: 6511: 6509: 6507: 6488: 6482: 6481: 6479: 6477: 6459: 6453: 6452: 6450: 6448: 6432: 6424: 6418: 6417: 6412: 6410: 6394: 6388: 6387: 6385: 6383: 6368: 6362: 6361: 6359: 6357: 6339: 6333: 6332: 6330: 6328: 6310: 6304: 6303: 6301: 6299: 6282: 6276: 6275: 6273: 6271: 6262:. Archived from 6252:Turner, Adrian. 6249: 6243: 6238: 6232: 6227: 6221: 6220: 6218: 6216: 6201: 6195: 6194: 6192: 6190: 6176: 6170: 6169: 6167: 6165: 6150: 6144: 6143: 6141: 6139: 6124: 6118: 6117: 6115: 6113: 6098: 6092: 6078: 6070: 6064: 6058: 6057: 6055: 6053: 6033: 6027: 6026: 5998: 5992: 5991: 5989: 5987: 5975: 5969: 5968: 5966: 5964: 5949: 5943: 5942: 5890: 5884: 5883: 5841: 5835: 5834: 5827: 5821: 5820: 5802: 5778: 5772: 5771: 5765: 5763: 5740: 5734: 5733: 5723: 5675: 5666: 5665: 5644:(2–3): 214–224. 5633: 5627: 5626: 5598: 5592: 5591: 5589: 5587: 5581: 5546: 5537: 5531: 5530: 5488: 5482: 5476: 5470: 5469: 5451: 5445: 5439: 5433: 5432: 5425: 5419: 5416: 5410: 5409: 5378: 5372: 5371: 5327: 5321: 5320: 5296: 5290: 5289: 5287: 5281:. Archived from 5248: 5239: 5233: 5232: 5231: 5229: 5223: 5216: 5211:Is A.A. for You? 5206: 5200: 5199: 5171: 5165: 5164: 5151: 5127: 5121: 5120: 5110: 5086: 5080: 5079: 5077: 5075: 5058: 5049: 5048: 5017: 5011: 5010: 5008: 5006: 4983: 4977: 4976: 4948: 4942: 4941: 4913: 4904: 4903: 4897: 4895: 4877: 4868: 4867: 4862: 4860: 4845: 4836: 4835: 4820: 4814: 4813: 4791: 4785: 4784: 4757: 4751: 4747: 4741: 4740: 4708: 4702: 4701: 4669: 4660: 4659: 4653: 4645: 4617: 4611: 4610: 4603: 4597: 4596: 4586: 4569:(CD012880): 15. 4554: 4548: 4547: 4533: 4527: 4526: 4516: 4484: 4478: 4477: 4443: 4437: 4436: 4426: 4378: 4372: 4369: 4358:Lay summary in: 4355: 4345: 4313: 4307: 4306: 4294: 4288: 4283: 4263: 4253: 4247: 4246: 4236: 4218: 4194: 4188: 4187: 4177: 4129: 4123: 4122: 4116: 4114: 4092: 4086: 4085: 4074: 4068: 4067: 4057: 4025: 4019: 4018: 4008: 3976: 3970: 3969: 3959: 3927: 3921: 3920: 3918: 3916: 3901: 3890: 3875: 3874: 3865: 3859: 3853: 3847: 3846: 3832: 3826: 3825: 3823: 3816: 3808: 3795: 3794: 3792: 3790: 3784: 3777: 3769: 3763: 3762: 3738: 3736: 3721: 3715: 3714: 3712: 3710: 3704: 3697: 3689: 3683: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3663: 3657: 3656: 3649: 3643: 3642: 3637: 3635: 3612: 3606: 3605: 3600: 3598: 3567: 3561: 3560: 3555: 3553: 3531: 3525: 3524: 3522: 3520: 3501: 3495: 3494: 3492: 3490: 3476: 3470: 3469: 3467: 3465: 3451: 3445: 3444: 3439: 3437: 3422: 3416: 3415: 3413: 3411: 3405: 3398: 3390: 3384: 3383: 3381: 3379: 3362: 3356: 3355: 3353: 3351: 3346:on 25 March 2009 3345: 3338: 3326: 3320: 3319: 3311:Bill W. (1957). 3308: 3302: 3301: 3299: 3297: 3282: 3276: 3275: 3274: 3272: 3266: 3259: 3248: 3242: 3241: 3239: 3237: 3227: 3221: 3220: 3218: 3216: 3209:"Find a Meeting" 3205: 3196: 3187: 3181: 3180: 3178: 3176: 3166: 3160: 3159: 3157: 3155: 3149: 3144:. Archived from 3133: 3127: 3126: 3124: 3122: 3106: 3100: 3099: 3097: 3095: 3089: 3078: 3069: 3063: 3062: 3051: 3042: 3033: 3027: 3026: 3006: 3000: 2994: 2988: 2987: 2985: 2983: 2978:on 25 March 2009 2977: 2970: 2962: 2956: 2955: 2954: 2952: 2946: 2939: 2929: 2923: 2922: 2905:(8): 1015–1023. 2894: 2888: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2877: 2870: 2862: 2856: 2851: 2842: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2831: 2824: 2816: 2807: 2806: 2789: 2783: 2773: 2767: 2766: 2746: 2737: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2718: 2712: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2693: 2687: 2686: 2684: 2682: 2668: 2657: 2656: 2649: 2643: 2637: 2631: 2630: 2628: 2626: 2620: 2589: 2580: 2571: 2570: 2568: 2566: 2560: 2549: 2540: 2534: 2520: 2514: 2513: 2511: 2509: 2500:. Archived from 2490: 2484: 2457: 2451: 2450: 2448: 2446: 2432: 2426: 2425: 2423: 2416: 2408: 2393: 2385: 2379: 2378: 2376: 2368: 2362: 2361: 2338:The AA Grapevine 2333: 2318: 2317: 2315: 2313: 2299: 2286: 2285: 2283: 2281: 2275: 2269:. Archived from 2254: 2245: 2239: 2228: 2222: 2221: 2213: 2207: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2187: 2181: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2153: 2147: 2146: 2144: 2142: 2126: 2120: 2119: 2112: 2106: 2100: 2094: 2093: 2073: 2067: 2066: 2058: 2052: 2051: 2035: 2025: 2019: 2012: 2006: 2000: 1994: 1993: 1991: 1989: 1975: 1950: 1936: 1930: 1923: 1917: 1916:, p. 19–20. 1911: 1905: 1902: 1896: 1890: 1884: 1876: 1870: 1863: 1857: 1851: 1845: 1839: 1833: 1832: 1830: 1828: 1793: 1787: 1781: 1775: 1774: 1768: 1760: 1742: 1736: 1718: 1712: 1699: 1693: 1687: 1681: 1680: 1652: 1646: 1645: 1643: 1641: 1626: 1620: 1619: 1609: 1577: 1564: 1563: 1561: 1559: 1553: 1546: 1535: 1533: 1531: 1525: 1518: 1509: 1503: 1502: 1500: 1485: 1467: 1458: 1452: 1451: 1449: 1447: 1433: 1427: 1426: 1416: 1384: 1378: 1377: 1376: 1374: 1368: 1361: 1350: 1330: 1327: 1202:Jonny Lee Miller 273:For Sinners Only 246:’s journey from 135: 132: 117: 57: 55: 50: 31: 24: 20: 8983: 8982: 8978: 8977: 8976: 8974: 8973: 8972: 8933: 8932: 8931: 8926: 8908: 8889:Self-medication 8848: 8806: 8776: 8714:Benzodiazepines 8700: 8584: 8570:Sobering center 8555:Sober companion 8536:Al-Anon/Alateen 8428: 8400: 8290: 8280: 8173: 8102: 8042:In vino veritas 8036:Hair of the dog 7854: 7770:Adverse effects 7765: 7734: 7684: 7630: 7574: 7573:Alcohol-related 7564: 7556: 7551: 7521: 7516: 7498: 7459: 7450:Stepping Stones 7420:Al-Anon/Alateen 7408: 7347: 7310: 7306:Serenity Prayer 7279: 7261: 7256: 7209: 7208: 7183: 7173: 7152: 7119: 7071: 7043: 7041: 7037: 7030: 7010: 6983: 6953: 6922: 6893: 6861: 6830: 6825: 6824: 6814: 6812: 6811:. 30 April 2021 6803: 6802: 6798: 6788: 6786: 6785:. 24 April 2014 6777: 6776: 6772: 6762: 6760: 6756: 6755: 6751: 6741: 6739: 6720: 6716: 6706: 6704: 6691: 6687: 6677: 6675: 6662: 6658: 6648: 6646: 6635: 6634: 6630: 6620: 6618: 6605: 6601: 6591: 6589: 6576: 6572: 6562: 6560: 6549: 6548: 6544: 6534: 6532: 6519: 6515: 6505: 6503: 6500:/rogerebert.com 6489: 6485: 6475: 6473: 6460: 6456: 6446: 6444: 6436:The Independent 6425: 6421: 6408: 6406: 6395: 6391: 6381: 6379: 6369: 6365: 6355: 6353: 6340: 6336: 6326: 6324: 6311: 6307: 6297: 6295: 6283: 6279: 6269: 6267: 6250: 6246: 6239: 6235: 6228: 6224: 6214: 6212: 6203: 6202: 6198: 6188: 6186: 6178: 6177: 6173: 6163: 6161: 6151: 6147: 6137: 6135: 6132:www.cbsnews.com 6126: 6125: 6121: 6111: 6109: 6099: 6095: 6068:Inouye v. Kemna 6066: 6065: 6061: 6051: 6049: 6034: 6030: 6015:10.2307/1123367 5999: 5995: 5985: 5983: 5976: 5972: 5962: 5960: 5950: 5946: 5891: 5887: 5864: 5842: 5838: 5829: 5828: 5824: 5779: 5775: 5761: 5759: 5757: 5741: 5737: 5676: 5669: 5634: 5630: 5599: 5595: 5585: 5583: 5579: 5544: 5538: 5534: 5511: 5489: 5485: 5477: 5473: 5452: 5448: 5440: 5436: 5427: 5426: 5422: 5417: 5413: 5379: 5375: 5328: 5324: 5317: 5297: 5293: 5285: 5246: 5240: 5236: 5227: 5225: 5221: 5214: 5208: 5207: 5203: 5188:10.2307/3710917 5172: 5168: 5128: 5124: 5087: 5083: 5073: 5071: 5059: 5052: 5018: 5014: 5004: 5002: 4984: 4980: 4949: 4945: 4914: 4907: 4893: 4891: 4878: 4871: 4858: 4856: 4846: 4839: 4821: 4817: 4806: 4792: 4788: 4764:(3): CD005032. 4758: 4754: 4748: 4744: 4709: 4705: 4670: 4663: 4647: 4646: 4628:(3): CD005032. 4618: 4614: 4605: 4604: 4600: 4555: 4551: 4534: 4530: 4485: 4481: 4466: 4444: 4440: 4379: 4375: 4359: 4314: 4310: 4295: 4291: 4272: 4254: 4250: 4195: 4191: 4130: 4126: 4112: 4110: 4093: 4089: 4075: 4071: 4026: 4022: 3991:(11): 2688–94. 3977: 3973: 3928: 3924: 3914: 3912: 3910: 3899: 3891: 3878: 3867: 3866: 3862: 3854: 3850: 3834: 3833: 3829: 3821: 3814: 3810: 3809: 3798: 3788: 3786: 3782: 3775: 3771: 3770: 3766: 3734: 3732: 3723: 3722: 3718: 3708: 3706: 3702: 3695: 3691: 3690: 3686: 3676: 3674: 3665: 3664: 3660: 3651: 3650: 3646: 3633: 3631: 3629: 3613: 3609: 3596: 3594: 3592: 3572:"Turning point" 3568: 3564: 3551: 3549: 3548:on 6 March 2008 3532: 3528: 3518: 3516: 3503: 3502: 3498: 3488: 3486: 3478: 3477: 3473: 3463: 3461: 3453: 3452: 3448: 3435: 3433: 3424: 3423: 3419: 3409: 3407: 3403: 3396: 3392: 3391: 3387: 3377: 3375: 3372:The Irish Times 3363: 3359: 3349: 3347: 3343: 3336: 3327: 3323: 3309: 3305: 3295: 3293: 3284: 3283: 3279: 3270: 3268: 3264: 3257: 3251: 3249: 3245: 3235: 3233: 3229: 3228: 3224: 3214: 3212: 3207: 3206: 3199: 3188: 3184: 3174: 3172: 3168: 3167: 3163: 3153: 3151: 3134: 3130: 3120: 3118: 3107: 3103: 3093: 3091: 3087: 3076: 3070: 3066: 3053: 3052: 3045: 3034: 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1873: 1864: 1860: 1852: 1848: 1840: 1836: 1826: 1824: 1794: 1790: 1782: 1778: 1762: 1761: 1757: 1743: 1739: 1729:Wayback Machine 1719: 1715: 1700: 1696: 1688: 1684: 1653: 1649: 1639: 1637: 1627: 1623: 1592:(3): CD012880. 1578: 1567: 1557: 1555: 1551: 1544: 1529: 1527: 1523: 1516: 1510: 1506: 1498: 1465: 1459: 1455: 1445: 1443: 1435: 1434: 1430: 1385: 1381: 1372: 1370: 1366: 1359: 1351: 1344: 1339: 1334: 1333: 1328: 1324: 1319: 1314: 1253:Al-Anon/Alateen 1243: 1220:is a sequel to 1206:Sherlock Holmes 1100:Clean and Sober 1085:Matthew Scudder 1031: 1026: 1006:First Amendment 975: 969: 956: 924: 918: 902: 900:Sexual advances 877: 872: 839: 825:The Sober Truth 817: 780: 767: 762: 749: 731: 699:Peter Kropotkin 687: 681: 610: 597: 584: 578: 573: 554: 535: 515: 491: 467: 446: 422: 409: 360: 343: 338: 307:Serenity Prayer 289: 268: 241: 236: 230: 206:Cochrane review 129: 118: 115: 68: 53: 51: 48: 17: 12: 11: 5: 8981: 8971: 8970: 8965: 8960: 8955: 8950: 8945: 8928: 8927: 8925: 8924: 8913: 8910: 8909: 8907: 8906: 8904:French paradox 8901: 8896: 8891: 8886: 8881: 8876: 8871: 8866: 8860: 8858: 8854: 8853: 8850: 8849: 8847: 8846: 8841: 8836: 8831: 8826: 8814: 8812: 8808: 8807: 8805: 8804: 8799: 8798: 8797: 8786: 8784: 8778: 8777: 8775: 8774: 8773: 8772: 8767: 8760:Sulfonic acids 8757: 8756: 8755: 8745: 8744: 8743: 8738: 8733: 8723: 8722: 8721: 8710: 8708: 8702: 8701: 8699: 8698: 8697: 8696: 8694:Standard drink 8691: 8683: 8682: 8681: 8676: 8671: 8666: 8658: 8656:Liquor license 8653: 8652: 8651: 8643: 8638: 8633: 8628: 8627: 8626: 8621: 8613: 8608: 8603: 8598: 8592: 8590: 8586: 8585: 8583: 8582: 8577: 8572: 8567: 8562: 8557: 8552: 8551: 8550: 8544: 8538: 8528: 8523: 8521:Temperance bar 8518: 8513: 8512: 8511: 8506: 8501: 8496: 8486: 8481: 8476: 8471: 8466: 8461: 8460: 8459: 8454: 8444: 8438: 8436: 8430: 8429: 8427: 8426: 8421: 8416: 8410: 8408: 8402: 8401: 8399: 8398: 8393: 8392: 8391: 8386: 8376: 8371: 8370: 8369: 8359: 8358: 8357: 8352: 8347: 8342: 8332: 8327: 8322: 8321: 8320: 8310: 8303: 8301: 8292: 8286: 8285: 8282: 8281: 8279: 8278: 8277: 8276: 8268: 8263: 8262: 8261: 8251: 8246: 8241: 8240: 8239: 8238: 8237: 8227: 8222: 8212: 8211: 8210: 8205: 8200: 8195: 8187: 8181: 8179: 8175: 8174: 8172: 8171: 8166: 8161: 8156: 8151: 8146: 8141: 8136: 8131: 8126: 8121: 8116: 8110: 8108: 8104: 8103: 8101: 8100: 8095: 8094: 8093: 8088: 8083: 8075: 8074: 8073: 8068: 8060: 8055: 8050: 8045: 8038: 8033: 8028: 8023: 8018: 8013: 8008: 8003: 7998: 7997: 7996: 7991: 7981: 7976: 7971: 7970: 7969: 7964: 7959: 7954: 7949: 7942:Binge drinking 7939: 7934: 7932:Alcohol powder 7929: 7924: 7922:Alcohol myopia 7919: 7918: 7917: 7907: 7906: 7905: 7895: 7890: 7889: 7888: 7883: 7873: 7864: 7862: 7856: 7855: 7853: 7852: 7851: 7850: 7844: 7835: 7830: 7821: 7816: 7811: 7806: 7801: 7800: 7799: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7773: 7771: 7767: 7766: 7764: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7748: 7742: 7740: 7736: 7735: 7733: 7732: 7730:Wine chemistry 7727: 7722: 7721: 7720: 7710: 7709: 7708: 7698: 7696:Beer chemistry 7692: 7690: 7686: 7685: 7683: 7682: 7677: 7671: 7666: 7661: 7656: 7651: 7646: 7640: 7638: 7632: 7631: 7629: 7628: 7623: 7618: 7613: 7608: 7603: 7602: 7601: 7591: 7585: 7579: 7577: 7566: 7558: 7557: 7550: 7549: 7542: 7535: 7527: 7518: 7517: 7515: 7514: 7503: 7500: 7499: 7497: 7496: 7493:Bill W. (2012) 7489: 7482: 7475: 7467: 7465: 7461: 7460: 7458: 7457: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7437: 7432: 7427: 7422: 7416: 7414: 7410: 7409: 7407: 7406: 7401: 7396: 7391: 7386: 7381: 7376: 7374:Sister Ignatia 7371: 7366: 7361: 7355: 7353: 7349: 7348: 7346: 7345: 7338: 7331: 7324: 7318: 7316: 7312: 7311: 7309: 7308: 7303: 7298: 7293: 7287: 7285: 7281: 7280: 7278: 7277: 7272: 7266: 7263: 7262: 7255: 7254: 7247: 7240: 7232: 7226: 7225: 7220: 7215: 7206: 7193: 7182: 7181:External links 7179: 7178: 7177: 7172:978-0894860652 7171: 7156: 7150: 7131: 7117: 7099: 7069: 7053:Robertson, Nan 7049: 7022: 7008: 6995: 6981: 6965: 6951: 6934: 6920: 6905: 6891: 6879:(April 2002). 6873: 6859: 6844: 6829: 6826: 6823: 6822: 6796: 6770: 6749: 6714: 6685: 6656: 6628: 6599: 6570: 6542: 6513: 6483: 6454: 6419: 6389: 6375:. Kent, Ohio: 6363: 6334: 6305: 6277: 6244: 6233: 6222: 6196: 6171: 6145: 6119: 6093: 6059: 6028: 6009:(2): 437–472. 5993: 5970: 5944: 5901:(4): 435–474. 5885: 5862: 5836: 5822: 5793:(6): 731–738. 5773: 5755: 5735: 5690:(2): 145–157. 5667: 5628: 5593: 5532: 5509: 5483: 5471: 5446: 5434: 5420: 5411: 5373: 5322: 5315: 5291: 5234: 5201: 5166: 5142:(6): 646–655. 5122: 5101:(4): 582–583. 5081: 5050: 5028:(5): 711–716. 5012: 4978: 4943: 4924:(4): 463–471. 4905: 4869: 4837: 4815: 4804: 4786: 4752: 4742: 4723:(4): 377–379. 4703: 4684:(4): 377–379. 4661: 4612: 4598: 4549: 4528: 4499:(6): 641–651. 4479: 4464: 4438: 4393:(6): 641–651. 4373: 4371: 4370: 4308: 4289: 4270: 4248: 4189: 4144:(1): 116–123. 4124: 4087: 4069: 4040:(2): 145–157. 4020: 3971: 3942:(6): 735–750. 3922: 3908: 3876: 3860: 3848: 3827: 3796: 3764: 3716: 3684: 3658: 3644: 3627: 3607: 3590: 3562: 3526: 3496: 3471: 3446: 3417: 3385: 3357: 3321: 3303: 3292:on 9 June 2017 3277: 3243: 3222: 3197: 3191:The A.A. Group 3182: 3161: 3128: 3101: 3064: 3043: 3037:The A.A. Group 3028: 3001: 2989: 2957: 2934:The A.A. Group 2924: 2889: 2857: 2843: 2808: 2801: 2784: 2768: 2757:(3): 231–243. 2738: 2713: 2688: 2658: 2644: 2632: 2572: 2535: 2531:978-1893007307 2515: 2485: 2473:World Services 2452: 2427: 2412:"AA Fact File" 2394: 2392:, 1984, p. 359 2380: 2363: 2319: 2287: 2265: 2240: 2223: 2208: 2182: 2148: 2121: 2107: 2095: 2088: 2068: 2053: 2046: 2020: 2007: 1995: 1951: 1948:978-0664255084 1931: 1925:Pittman, Bill 1918: 1906: 1897: 1885: 1883:, 1984, p 117. 1871: 1858: 1846: 1834: 1788: 1776: 1755: 1737: 1713: 1694: 1682: 1647: 1621: 1565: 1504: 1476:(4): 281–285. 1453: 1428: 1379: 1341: 1340: 1338: 1335: 1332: 1331: 1321: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1313: 1312: 1307: 1301: 1296: 1291: 1286: 1281: 1276: 1271: 1266: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1238: 1237: 1224:, directed by 1209: 1192: 1180: 1168: 1156: 1136: 1133:Burt Lancaster 1124: 1116: 1104: 1096: 1088: 1081:Lawrence Block 1072: 1064: 1052: 1044: 1030: 1027: 1025: 1022: 968: 965: 955: 952: 917: 914: 901: 898: 876: 873: 871: 868: 838: 835: 816: 813: 779: 776: 766: 763: 761: 758: 748: 745: 730: 727: 683:Main article: 680: 677: 609: 606: 596: 593: 577: 574: 572: 571:The AA program 569: 553: 548: 534: 531: 514: 511: 490: 489:AA literature 487: 466: 463: 445: 442: 421: 418: 408: 405: 401:Roman Catholic 359: 356: 342: 339: 337: 336:Founding of AA 334: 303:Sobriety token 288: 285: 267: 264: 244:Rowland Hazard 240: 237: 232:Main article: 229: 226: 194:'higher power' 171:(Bill W.) and 137: 136: 127: 123: 122: 119: 113: 110: 109: 100: 96: 95: 87: 83: 82: 77: 73: 72: 63: 59: 58: 45: 41: 40: 37: 33: 32: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8980: 8969: 8966: 8964: 8961: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8951: 8949: 8946: 8944: 8941: 8940: 8938: 8923: 8915: 8914: 8911: 8905: 8902: 8900: 8897: 8895: 8892: 8890: 8887: 8885: 8882: 8880: 8879:Mood disorder 8877: 8875: 8872: 8870: 8867: 8865: 8862: 8861: 8859: 8855: 8845: 8842: 8840: 8837: 8835: 8832: 8830: 8827: 8825: 8824: 8820: 8816: 8815: 8813: 8809: 8803: 8800: 8796: 8793: 8792: 8791: 8788: 8787: 8785: 8783: 8779: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8763: 8762: 8761: 8758: 8754: 8753:Nitrous oxide 8751: 8750: 8749: 8746: 8742: 8739: 8737: 8734: 8732: 8729: 8728: 8727: 8724: 8720: 8717: 8716: 8715: 8712: 8711: 8709: 8707: 8703: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8686: 8684: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8664:Fermented tea 8662: 8661: 8659: 8657: 8654: 8650: 8647: 8646: 8644: 8642: 8639: 8637: 8634: 8632: 8629: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8616: 8614: 8612: 8609: 8607: 8604: 8602: 8599: 8597: 8594: 8593: 8591: 8587: 8581: 8578: 8576: 8573: 8571: 8568: 8566: 8563: 8561: 8560:Sober curious 8558: 8556: 8553: 8548: 8545: 8542: 8539: 8537: 8534: 8533: 8532: 8529: 8527: 8524: 8522: 8519: 8517: 8514: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8500: 8497: 8495: 8492: 8491: 8490: 8487: 8485: 8482: 8480: 8477: 8475: 8472: 8470: 8467: 8465: 8462: 8458: 8455: 8453: 8450: 8449: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8439: 8437: 8435: 8431: 8425: 8422: 8420: 8417: 8415: 8412: 8411: 8409: 8407: 8403: 8397: 8394: 8390: 8387: 8385: 8382: 8381: 8380: 8377: 8375: 8372: 8368: 8365: 8364: 8363: 8360: 8356: 8353: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8337: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8323: 8319: 8316: 8315: 8314: 8311: 8308: 8305: 8304: 8302: 8300: 8296: 8293: 8287: 8275: 8272: 8271: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8260: 8257: 8256: 8255: 8252: 8250: 8249:Ladies' night 8247: 8245: 8242: 8236: 8233: 8232: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8217: 8216: 8213: 8209: 8206: 8204: 8201: 8199: 8196: 8194: 8191: 8190: 8188: 8186: 8183: 8182: 8180: 8176: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8149:Rum Rebellion 8147: 8145: 8142: 8140: 8137: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8111: 8109: 8105: 8099: 8096: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8081:Alcohol enema 8079: 8078: 8076: 8072: 8069: 8067: 8064: 8063: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8043: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8032: 8031:Flaming drink 8029: 8027: 8026:Dutch courage 8024: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8012: 8011:Drunk walking 8009: 8007: 8006:Drunk dialing 8004: 8002: 7999: 7995: 7992: 7990: 7987: 7986: 7985: 7984:Drinking game 7982: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7972: 7968: 7965: 7963: 7960: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7944: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7920: 7916: 7913: 7912: 7911: 7908: 7904: 7901: 7900: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7893:Alcohol abuse 7891: 7887: 7884: 7881: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7868: 7866: 7865: 7863: 7861: 7860:Social issues 7857: 7849: 7845: 7843: 7839: 7838: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7798: 7797:breast cancer 7795: 7794: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7774: 7772: 7768: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7743: 7741: 7737: 7731: 7728: 7726: 7725:Fusel alcohol 7723: 7719: 7716: 7715: 7714: 7711: 7707: 7704: 7703: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7694: 7693: 7691: 7687: 7681: 7678: 7675: 7672: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7660: 7657: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7641: 7639: 7637: 7633: 7627: 7624: 7622: 7619: 7617: 7614: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7600: 7597: 7596: 7595: 7594:Drunk driving 7592: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7580: 7578: 7576: 7570: 7567: 7563: 7559: 7555: 7548: 7543: 7541: 7536: 7534: 7529: 7528: 7525: 7513: 7505: 7504: 7501: 7495: 7494: 7490: 7488: 7487: 7483: 7481: 7480: 7476: 7474: 7473: 7469: 7468: 7466: 7462: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7426: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7417: 7415: 7411: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7392: 7390: 7387: 7385: 7382: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7356: 7354: 7350: 7344: 7343: 7339: 7337: 7336: 7332: 7330: 7329: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7319: 7317: 7313: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7288: 7286: 7282: 7276: 7275:Effectiveness 7273: 7271: 7268: 7267: 7264: 7260: 7253: 7248: 7246: 7241: 7239: 7234: 7233: 7230: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7212: 7207: 7203: 7199: 7194: 7190: 7185: 7184: 7174: 7168: 7164: 7163: 7157: 7153: 7147: 7143: 7139: 7138: 7132: 7128: 7124: 7120: 7114: 7110: 7109: 7104: 7100: 7096: 7092: 7088: 7084: 7080: 7076: 7072: 7066: 7061: 7060: 7054: 7050: 7036: 7029: 7028: 7023: 7019: 7015: 7011: 7005: 7001: 6996: 6992: 6988: 6984: 6978: 6973: 6972: 6966: 6962: 6958: 6954: 6948: 6943: 6942: 6935: 6931: 6927: 6923: 6917: 6913: 6912: 6906: 6902: 6898: 6894: 6888: 6884: 6883: 6878: 6874: 6870: 6866: 6862: 6856: 6852: 6851: 6845: 6841: 6837: 6832: 6831: 6810: 6806: 6800: 6784: 6780: 6774: 6759: 6753: 6736: 6731: 6730: 6725: 6718: 6702: 6701: 6696: 6689: 6673: 6672: 6667: 6660: 6644: 6643: 6638: 6632: 6616: 6615: 6610: 6603: 6587: 6586: 6581: 6574: 6558: 6557: 6552: 6546: 6530: 6529: 6524: 6517: 6501: 6499: 6494: 6487: 6471: 6470: 6465: 6458: 6442: 6438: 6437: 6431: 6423: 6416: 6405:. Los Angeles 6404: 6400: 6393: 6378: 6374: 6367: 6351: 6350: 6345: 6338: 6322: 6321: 6316: 6309: 6294: 6293: 6288: 6281: 6265: 6261: 6260: 6255: 6248: 6242: 6237: 6231: 6226: 6211:. 22 May 2017 6210: 6206: 6200: 6185: 6181: 6175: 6160: 6156: 6149: 6133: 6129: 6123: 6108: 6104: 6097: 6090: 6086: 6082: 6074: 6069: 6063: 6047: 6043: 6039: 6032: 6024: 6020: 6016: 6012: 6008: 6004: 5997: 5981: 5974: 5959: 5955: 5948: 5940: 5936: 5932: 5928: 5924: 5920: 5916: 5912: 5908: 5904: 5900: 5896: 5889: 5881: 5877: 5873: 5869: 5865: 5859: 5855: 5851: 5847: 5840: 5832: 5826: 5818: 5814: 5810: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5792: 5788: 5784: 5777: 5770: 5758: 5756:9781592859283 5752: 5748: 5747: 5739: 5731: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5713: 5709: 5705: 5701: 5697: 5693: 5689: 5685: 5681: 5674: 5672: 5664: 5659: 5655: 5651: 5647: 5643: 5639: 5632: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5612: 5608: 5604: 5597: 5578: 5574: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5550: 5543: 5536: 5528: 5524: 5520: 5516: 5512: 5506: 5502: 5498: 5494: 5487: 5480: 5475: 5467: 5463: 5462: 5457: 5450: 5443: 5438: 5430: 5424: 5415: 5408: 5404: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5388: 5384: 5377: 5369: 5365: 5361: 5357: 5353: 5349: 5345: 5341: 5337: 5333: 5326: 5318: 5316:9781592403035 5312: 5308: 5304: 5303: 5295: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5272: 5268: 5264: 5260: 5256: 5252: 5245: 5238: 5220: 5213: 5212: 5205: 5197: 5193: 5189: 5185: 5181: 5177: 5170: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5141: 5137: 5133: 5126: 5118: 5114: 5109: 5104: 5100: 5096: 5092: 5085: 5070: 5069: 5064: 5057: 5055: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5031: 5027: 5023: 5016: 5000: 4996: 4994: 4989: 4982: 4974: 4970: 4966: 4962: 4958: 4954: 4947: 4939: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4919: 4912: 4910: 4902: 4889: 4885: 4884: 4876: 4874: 4866: 4855: 4851: 4844: 4842: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4819: 4812: 4807: 4801: 4797: 4790: 4783: 4779: 4775: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4756: 4746: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4707: 4699: 4695: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4668: 4666: 4657: 4651: 4643: 4639: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4623: 4616: 4608: 4602: 4594: 4590: 4585: 4580: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4553: 4545: 4544: 4539: 4532: 4524: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4483: 4475: 4471: 4467: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4442: 4434: 4430: 4425: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4377: 4367: 4363: 4357: 4356: 4353: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4312: 4304: 4300: 4293: 4287: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4267: 4262: 4261: 4252: 4244: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4217: 4212: 4208: 4204: 4200: 4193: 4185: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4128: 4121: 4108: 4104: 4103: 4098: 4091: 4084: 4080: 4073: 4065: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4024: 4016: 4012: 4007: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3975: 3967: 3963: 3958: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3926: 3911: 3909:9781462505814 3905: 3898: 3897: 3889: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3872: 3871: 3864: 3857: 3852: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3831: 3820: 3813: 3807: 3805: 3803: 3801: 3781: 3774: 3768: 3761: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3730: 3726: 3720: 3701: 3694: 3688: 3672: 3668: 3662: 3654: 3648: 3641: 3630: 3628:9780910034234 3624: 3620: 3619: 3615:Lois (1979). 3611: 3604: 3593: 3591:9781885803078 3587: 3583: 3579: 3578: 3573: 3566: 3559: 3547: 3543: 3542: 3537: 3530: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3500: 3485: 3481: 3475: 3460: 3456: 3450: 3443: 3431: 3427: 3421: 3402: 3395: 3389: 3374: 3373: 3368: 3361: 3342: 3335: 3331: 3325: 3317: 3316: 3307: 3291: 3287: 3281: 3263: 3256: 3255: 3247: 3232: 3226: 3210: 3204: 3202: 3195:, p. 12. 3194: 3192: 3186: 3171: 3165: 3148: 3143: 3139: 3132: 3116: 3112: 3105: 3086: 3082: 3075: 3068: 3060: 3056: 3050: 3048: 3041:, p. 13. 3040: 3038: 3032: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3005: 2998: 2993: 2974: 2967: 2961: 2943: 2936: 2935: 2928: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2893: 2874: 2867: 2861: 2855: 2850: 2848: 2828: 2821: 2815: 2813: 2804: 2802:9781893007178 2798: 2794: 2788: 2781: 2777: 2772: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2745: 2743: 2727: 2723: 2717: 2702: 2698: 2692: 2677: 2673: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2654: 2648: 2641: 2636: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2598:(3–4): 5–39. 2597: 2593: 2586: 2579: 2577: 2557: 2553: 2546: 2539: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2519: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2489: 2482: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2456: 2441: 2437: 2431: 2420: 2413: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2391: 2390: 2384: 2373: 2367: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2343: 2339: 2332: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2324: 2308: 2304: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2272: 2268: 2262: 2258: 2251: 2244: 2237: 2233: 2227: 2219: 2212: 2196: 2192: 2186: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2152: 2136: 2132: 2125: 2117: 2111: 2105:, p. 47. 2104: 2099: 2091: 2085: 2081: 2080: 2072: 2064: 2057: 2049: 2043: 2039: 2034: 2033: 2024: 2017: 2011: 2005:, p. 33. 2004: 1999: 1984: 1980: 1974: 1972: 1970: 1968: 1966: 1964: 1962: 1960: 1958: 1956: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1935: 1928: 1922: 1915: 1910: 1901: 1895:, p. 17. 1894: 1889: 1882: 1881: 1875: 1868: 1862: 1855: 1850: 1843: 1838: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1792: 1786:, pp. 113–114 1785: 1780: 1772: 1766: 1758: 1756:9781949481297 1752: 1748: 1741: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1723: 1717: 1710: 1709:archive.today 1706: 1703: 1698: 1691: 1686: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1663:(2): 425–46. 1662: 1658: 1651: 1636: 1632: 1625: 1617: 1613: 1608: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1576: 1574: 1572: 1570: 1550: 1543: 1542: 1522: 1515: 1508: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1484: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1464: 1457: 1442: 1438: 1432: 1424: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1383: 1365: 1358: 1357: 1356:A.A. Preamble 1349: 1347: 1342: 1326: 1322: 1311: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1300: 1297: 1295: 1292: 1290: 1287: 1285: 1282: 1280: 1277: 1275: 1272: 1270: 1267: 1264: 1261: 1259: 1258:Calix Society 1256: 1254: 1251: 1249: 1246: 1245: 1235: 1234:Ewan McGregor 1231: 1228:and based on 1227: 1226:Mike Flanagan 1223: 1219: 1215: 1214: 1210: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1198: 1193: 1190: 1189:John Callahan 1186: 1185: 1181: 1178: 1174: 1173: 1169: 1166: 1162: 1161: 1157: 1154: 1150: 1149:Susan Hayward 1146: 1142: 1141: 1137: 1134: 1130: 1129: 1125: 1122: 1121: 1117: 1114: 1110: 1109: 1105: 1102: 1101: 1097: 1094: 1093: 1089: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1077: 1073: 1070: 1069: 1065: 1062: 1058: 1057: 1053: 1050: 1049: 1045: 1042: 1038: 1037: 1033: 1032: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 990: 988: 984: 980: 974: 964: 960: 951: 948: 944: 940: 935: 932: 931:disease model 928: 927:Stanton Peele 923: 913: 910: 906: 896: 891: 889: 884: 882: 875:Disease model 867: 865: 860: 859:transcendence 856: 850: 848: 847:Enlightenment 844: 834: 832: 831: 826: 822: 812: 808: 804: 800: 798: 792: 790: 789:Project MATCH 786: 775: 773: 757: 753: 744: 740: 737: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 707: 702: 700: 691: 686: 676: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 645: 641: 637: 633: 627: 623: 618: 614: 605: 603: 592: 590: 583: 568: 566: 560: 558: 557:The Grapevine 552: 547: 545: 541: 530: 526: 524: 520: 510: 508: 507: 502: 501: 496: 486: 483: 479: 475: 473: 462: 458: 456: 455:The Grapevine 452: 451:The Grapevine 441: 439: 438: 433: 429: 428: 417: 414: 404: 402: 397: 395: 394: 389: 388:William James 385: 379: 377: 371: 369: 365: 355: 353: 349: 348:Sam Shoemaker 333: 331: 328: 324: 320: 316: 308: 304: 300: 296: 294: 284: 282: 281:Sam Shoemaker 278: 274: 263: 261: 257: 253: 249: 245: 235: 225: 223: 219: 214: 210: 207: 202: 198: 195: 190: 188: 186: 181: 178: 174: 170: 169:Bill Wilson's 165: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 143: 134: 128: 124: 120: 111: 108: 104: 101: 97: 94: 91: 88: 84: 81: 78: 74: 71: 67: 64: 60: 46: 42: 38: 34: 30: 25: 19: 8839:Gin Act 1751 8829:Bratt System 8822: 8818: 8685:Measurement 8619:Breathalyzer 8540: 8389:Shoulder tap 8041: 7915:Beer goggles 7491: 7484: 7477: 7470: 7404:Ebby Thacher 7340: 7334: 7326: 7322:The Big Book 7301:Higher Power 7291:Twelve Steps 7258: 7161: 7142:Westport, CT 7136: 7107: 7058: 7042:, retrieved 7026: 6999: 6970: 6940: 6910: 6881: 6849: 6828:Bibliography 6813:. Retrieved 6808: 6799: 6787:. Retrieved 6782: 6773: 6761:. Retrieved 6752: 6740:. Retrieved 6735:the original 6727: 6717: 6705:. Retrieved 6700:Toronto Star 6698: 6688: 6676:. Retrieved 6669: 6659: 6647:. Retrieved 6640: 6631: 6619:. Retrieved 6612: 6602: 6590:. Retrieved 6583: 6573: 6561:. Retrieved 6554: 6545: 6533:. Retrieved 6526: 6516: 6504:. Retrieved 6496: 6486: 6474:. Retrieved 6467: 6457: 6445:. Retrieved 6434: 6422: 6414: 6407:. Retrieved 6402: 6392: 6380:. Retrieved 6366: 6354:. Retrieved 6347: 6337: 6325:. Retrieved 6318: 6308: 6296:. Retrieved 6290: 6280: 6268:. Retrieved 6264:the original 6257: 6247: 6236: 6225: 6213:. Retrieved 6208: 6199: 6187:. Retrieved 6183: 6174: 6162:. Retrieved 6158: 6148: 6136:. Retrieved 6131: 6122: 6110:. Retrieved 6106: 6096: 6067: 6062: 6050:. Retrieved 6041: 6031: 6006: 6002: 5996: 5984:. Retrieved 5973: 5961:. Retrieved 5957: 5947: 5898: 5894: 5888: 5845: 5839: 5825: 5790: 5786: 5776: 5767: 5760:. 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