996:
1061:
912:
1151:
1114:
25:
528:, a member of the rival Khalq faction of the party. The PDPA Politburo ordered the arrest of Keshtmand and Public Works Minister Muhammad Rafi'i for their part in the possible anti-regime conspiracy. He and the other inmates went through severe torture and long imprisonment. He remained in prison and was sentenced to death, but this decision was revoked and he was resentenced to 15 years in prison.
557:
The rise in the deficit greatly concerned the government, and as
Council of Ministers chairman Keshtmand noted in April 1983, the tax collections were inadequate in view of the increased state spending. The security situation in the country, however, prevented the government from improving its tax
151:
550:, soon became one of the most important leaders of the regime. In June 1981, Karmal retained his other offices, but resigned as Council of Ministers chairman and was succeeded by Keshtmand. A 21-member Supreme Defense Council headed by
592:
A mujaheddin radio station reports intra-Parcham (a faction of the PDPA) (P) clashes in Kabul between supporters of
Najibullah and Keshtmand, chairman of the executive committee of the Council of Ministers.
600:
was selected by
President Najibullah to be the new Council of Ministers chairman, replacing Keshtmand. This move was made in order to free spaces in the new government for nonparty candidates.
53:
1269:
892:
535:
invaded
Afghanistan, bringing Babrak Karmal and the Parcham faction to power. Keshtmand was released from jail, and once again joined the Politburo.
1249:
1119:
57:
1254:
885:
487:
455:
381:
1259:
561:
In
September 1987, the Kabul government sponsored a large convocation of Hazaras from various parts of the country and offered them
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107:
1244:
1239:
878:
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459:
165:
79:
33:
1199:
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543:
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1007:
1001:
825:
794:
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467:
463:
169:
615:
majority in
Afghanistan had had too much power in all of Afghanistan's regimes, past and present. After the communist
93:
126:
627:, he reportedly said, "Brothers, today the five long centuries of Pashtun political domination has come to an end."
565:. In his speech to the group, Keshtmand said that the government was going to set up several new provinces in the
75:
1196:
901:
852:
821:
790:
586:
578:
1066:
1274:
1074:
957:
611:. There he became an outspoken defender of the rights of Hazaras and other minorities, claiming that the
973:
962:
49:
644:
978:
38:
100:
1234:
589:
from May 1990 until April 1991, when he was dismissed shortly before the fall of the government.
42:
1279:
1229:
1101:
917:
845:
517:
in which the PDPA came to power, Keshtmand became the minister of planning in the newly formed
371:
239:
1084:
597:
524:
He lost that post in August 1978 when he was arrested for an alleged plot against
President
1224:
1038:
983:
935:
814:
804:
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8:
1096:
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1079:
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835:
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551:
525:
214:
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1132:
947:
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431:
415:
1023:
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64:
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612:
502:
1218:
1028:
941:
783:
491:
479:
251:
235:
1169:
538:
Friction among the People's Party members rose in 1980 when Karmal removed
532:
1175:
1156:
1137:
447:
930:
925:
498:
410:
327:
People's
Representative for Kabul at the 12th Parliament of Afghanistan
150:
566:
483:
608:
547:
466:
during the 1980s, from 1981 to 1988 and from 1989 to 1990 in the
451:
385:
490:. He joined the Parcham faction of that party, which was led by
604:
403:
63:
from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially
439:
367:
666:
Chiefs of State and
Cabinet members of foreign governments
546:
and replaced him with Sultan Ali
Keshtmand. Keshtmand, a
494:. He sought and received political asylum from British
585:
from 1981 to 1988 and 1989 to 1990, and as one of the
569:
that would be administered by the local inhabitants.
1270:
People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan politicians
478:Keshtmand was born in Kabul. He is a member of the
900:
544:First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers
1216:
486:at Kabul University and became involved in the
886:
745:Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers
893:
879:
603:He then left Afghanistan, first moving to
149:
56:about living persons that is unsourced or
572:
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
456:People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan
382:People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan
450:communist politician, belonging to the
1217:
281:28 December 1979 – April 1982
182:21 February 1989 – 8 May 1990
1250:Deputy prime ministers of Afghanistan
874:
18:
1255:Government ministers of Afghanistan
853:First Vice President of Afghanistan
508:
435:
227:11 June 1981 – 26 May 1988
13:
519:Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
468:Democratic Republic of Afghanistan
302:30 April – 23 August 1978
14:
1301:
1260:Interior ministers of Afghanistan
513:Immediately after the April 1978
1149:
1112:
1059:
994:
910:
23:
1265:Mining ministers of Afghanistan
700:Ministry of Mines and Industry
1245:Prime ministers of Afghanistan
1240:Vice presidents of Afghanistan
902:Prime ministers of Afghanistan
657:
637:
473:
1:
630:
1290:Afghan expatriates in Russia
442:), sometimes transliterated
34:biography of a living person
7:
1285:Afghan emigrants to England
1075:Abdul Sabur Farid Kohistani
554:effectively assumed power.
458:(PDPA). He served twice as
61:must be removed immediately
10:
1306:
974:Mohammad Nur Ahmad Etemadi
963:Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal
1185:
1147:
1110:
1057:
992:
908:
859:
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842:
832:
819:
811:
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780:
772:
765:
759:
751:
742:
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719:
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687:
482:ethnic group. He studied
421:
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857:May 1990 - January 1991
645:"Analysis: Kabul's loss"
438:; born May 22, 1935, in
729:Muhammad Siddiq Alemyar
675:2027/osu.32435024019754
322:Muhammad Siddiq Alemyar
291:Muhammad Siddiq Alemyar
1102:Abdul Rahim Ghafoorzai
846:Haji Mohammad Chamkani
573:Rise and fall of power
531:In December 1979, the
372:Kingdom of Afghanistan
240:Haji Mohammad Chamkani
76:"Sultan Ali Keshtmand"
48:Please help by adding
1085:Arsala Rahmani Daulat
767:Minister of Planning
721:Minister of Planning
598:Mohammad Hassan Sharq
542:from his position as
1044:Sultan Ali Keshtmand
1039:Mohammad Hasan Sharq
1034:Sultan Ali Keshtmand
984:Mohammad Musa Shafiq
936:Mohammad Hashim Khan
826:Council of Ministers
815:Mohammad Hasan Sharq
805:Mohammad Hasan Sharq
795:Council of Ministers
583:Council of Ministers
464:Council of Ministers
428:Sultan Ali Keshtmand
270:Minister of Planning
264:Mohammad Hasan Sharq
203:Mohammad Hasan Sharq
170:Council of Ministers
143:Sultan Ali Keshtmand
54:Contentious material
1097:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
1091:Ahmad Shah Ahmadzai
1080:Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
1049:Fazal Haq Khaliqyar
1019:Nur Muhammad Taraki
1002:Democratic Republic
953:Mohammad Daoud Khan
836:Fazal Haq Khaliqyar
653:. 26 February 2002.
552:Mohammad Najibullah
526:Nur Mohammad Taraki
215:Fazal Haq Khaliqyar
191:Mohammad Najibullah
1275:Hazara politicians
863:Abdul Wahed Sorabi
688:Political offices
540:Assadullah Sarwari
501:. He lives in the
1209:
1208:
869:
868:
860:Succeeded by
833:Succeeded by
802:Succeeded by
773:Succeeded by
752:Succeeded by
727:Succeeded by
716:Ali Ahmad Khurram
706:Succeeded by
425:
424:
312:Ali Ahmad Khurram
155:Keshtmand in 1978
137:
136:
129:
111:
37:needs additional
16:Afghan politician
1297:
1163:
1162:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1133:Mohammad Rabbani
1126:
1125:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1065:
1063:
1062:
1012:
1011:
1000:
998:
997:
948:Shah Mahmud Khan
916:
914:
913:
895:
888:
881:
872:
871:
843:Preceded by
812:Preceded by
781:Preceded by
760:Preceded by
735:Preceded by
714:Preceded by
693:Preceded by
685:
684:
679:
678:
661:
655:
654:
641:
619:, which toppled
596:Non-PDPA member
509:Role in politics
437:
436:سلطانعلی کشتمند
416:Kabul University
395:Karima Keshtmand
365:
361:
359:
347:Personal details
336:
319:
309:
300:
288:
279:
260:
248:
225:
211:
199:
180:
153:
139:
138:
132:
125:
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118:
112:
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69:
50:reliable sources
27:
26:
19:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1210:
1205:
1181:
1160:
1159:
1157:Islamic Emirate
1150:
1148:
1143:
1123:
1122:
1120:Islamic Emirate
1113:
1111:
1106:
1060:
1058:
1053:
1024:Hafizullah Amin
1005:
1004:
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988:
911:
909:
904:
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865:
856:
848:
838:
829:
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786:
776:
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763:
755:
748:
740:
738:Hafizullah Amin
730:
723:
717:
709:
702:
696:
683:
682:
663:
662:
658:
650:TheGuardian.com
643:
642:
638:
633:
625:Afghan Republic
617:Saur Revolution
587:vice presidents
575:
511:
476:
454:faction of the
378:Political party
366:
363:
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355:
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317:
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70:
68:
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28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1272:
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1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1235:Afghan Muslims
1232:
1227:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1202:prime minister
1190:
1186:
1183:
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1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1015:
1013:
990:
989:
987:
986:
981:
976:
971:
968:Abdullah Yaqta
965:
960:
958:Mohammad Yusuf
955:
950:
945:
938:
933:
928:
922:
920:
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897:
890:
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866:
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831:
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741:
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732:
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629:
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510:
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496:Prime Minister
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58:poorly sourced
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22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1302:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
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1280:Afghan exiles
1278:
1276:
1273:
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1268:
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1230:Living people
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1068:
1067:Islamic State
1056:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1029:Babrak Karmal
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1009:
1003:
991:
985:
982:
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951:
949:
946:
944:
943:
942:Amanat Lewana
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937:
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927:
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854:
847:
841:
837:
828:
827:
823:
816:
810:
806:
797:
796:
792:
785:
784:Babrak Karmal
779:
768:
758:
747:
746:
739:
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712:
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628:
626:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
601:
599:
594:
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588:
584:
580:
577:He served as
570:
568:
564:
559:
558:collections.
555:
553:
549:
545:
541:
536:
534:
529:
527:
522:
520:
516:
506:
504:
500:
497:
493:
492:Babrak Karmal
489:
485:
481:
471:
469:
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457:
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429:
420:
417:
414:
412:
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402:
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394:
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364:(age 89)
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305:
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278:
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252:Babrak Karmal
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244:
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236:Babrak Karmal
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117:November 2010
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81:
78: –
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73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
59:
55:
51:
45:
44:
40:
35:
30:
21:
20:
1211:
1195:indicates a
1192:
1170:Hasan Akhund
1161:(since 2021)
1043:
1033:
940:
851:
820:
789:
766:
743:
720:
699:
665:
659:
648:
639:
607:and then to
602:
595:
591:
576:
560:
556:
537:
533:Soviet Union
530:
523:
512:
477:
443:
427:
426:
362:May 22, 1935
333:
318:Succeeded by
297:
276:
259:Succeeded by
222:
210:Succeeded by
177:
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
60:
43:verification
36:
1225:1935 births
1176:Abdul Kabir
1138:Abdul Kabir
1124:(1996–2001)
979:Abdul Zahir
515:coup d'état
474:Early years
308:Preceded by
287:Preceded by
247:Preceded by
198:Preceded by
1219:Categories
931:Shir Giyan
926:Shir Ahmad
830:1989–1990
799:1981–1988
749:1980–1981
703:1960–1972
631:References
499:John Major
411:Alma mater
358:1935-05-22
87:newspapers
1197:localized
623:'s first
621:Daud Khan
567:Hazarajat
484:economics
446:, was an
444:Kishtmand
400:Residence
338:1964–1968
334:In office
298:In office
277:In office
232:President
223:In office
187:President
178:In office
39:citations
1189:* Acting
1008:Chairman
822:Chairman
791:Chairman
669:. 2003.
579:Chairman
563:autonomy
548:Parchami
460:Chairman
166:Chairman
65:libelous
1193:Italics
918:Kingdom
824:of the
793:of the
775:Unknown
762:Unknown
754:Unknown
708:Unknown
695:Unknown
613:Pashtun
609:England
581:of the
462:of the
452:Parcham
432:Persian
386:Parcham
168:of the
101:scholar
1154:
1117:
1064:
999:
915:
605:Russia
480:Hazara
448:Afghan
404:London
392:Spouse
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
1200:rebel
770:1981
724:1978
440:Kabul
368:Kabul
108:JSTOR
94:books
32:This
488:PDPA
352:Born
80:news
41:for
671:hdl
1221::
647:.
521:.
505:.
503:UK
470:.
434::
370:,
360:)
52:.
1178:*
1172:*
1140:*
1093:*
1087:*
1010:)
1006:(
970:*
894:e
887:t
880:v
677:.
673::
430:(
384:-
356:(
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124:(
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
67:.
46:.
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