2706:
512:"By its nature, Zionism concentrates ultra-nationalism, chauvinism and racial intolerance, excuse for territorial occupation and annexation, military opportunism, cult of political promiscuousness and irresponsibility, demagogy and ideological diversion, dirty tactics and perfidy... Absurd are attempts of Zionist ideologists to present criticizing them, or condemning the aggressive politics of the Israel's ruling circles, as antisemitic... We call on all Soviet citizens:
2718:
574:
That campaign presented
Zionism in demonizing, conspiracist terms and associated Israel with all of humanityās greatest evils such as racism, settler colonialism, imperialism, fascism, Nazism, and apartheid. It asserted that Zionists controlled the worldās finances, politics, and media. It routinely
475:" was orchestrated by the Soviet Union. Resolution 3379 was pioneered by the Soviet Union and passed with numerical support from Arab, Muslim and African states amidst accusations that Israel was supportive of the apartheid regime in South Africa. Prior to the vote, US representative at the UN,
579:-like stories about Israelis. It claimed that Zionists collaborated with the Nazis and were complicit in the Holocaust; that they incited antisemitism and were themselves antisemitic; and that they complained about antisemitism in order to smear the left. It
1122:
A worldwide outcry forced the
Communist Party's Ideological Commission to acknowledge in April 1964 that the book "might be interpreted in the spirit of antisemitism." But on January 20, 1968, the official newspaper of the Communist Party of Ukraine (CPU)
1074:. Compares Soviet and Nazi use of classical antisemitic themes such as dehumanization of Jews, the Jew as warmonger and greedy manipulator, the world Jewish conspiracy, etc. Points to the Soviet identification of Israelis with Nazis.
368:
was defined by the ruling
Communist Party of the Soviet Union: "the main posits of modern Zionism are militant chauvinism, racism, anti-Communism and anti-Sovietism... overt and covert fight against freedom movements and the USSR."
1067:
Presented to the
Helsinki-process discussions on security and cooperation in Europe, Berne, May 1986. Contains illustrations of Soviet antisemitic caricatures, sometimes almost identical to Nazi caricatures, especially those from
1119:
Quote: "It is in the teachings of
Judaism, in the Old Testament, and in the Talmud, that the Israeli militarists find inspiration for their inhuman deeds, racist theories, and expansionist designs..."
1270:
244:. As proof, they pointed to the fact that several prominent Zionologists were ethnic Jews representing an expert opinion. Manyāincluding some within the Soviet Union itselfāargued that Zionology
543:. It took more than six years before Moscow consented to restore diplomatic relations with Israel on 19 October 1991, just 2 months before the collapse of the USSR and ten days before the
137:
rejected
Zionism as a reactionary movement, "bourgeois nationalism", "socially retrogressive", and a backward force that deprecates class divisions among Jews. From late 1944, however,
1625:
583:, presenting Israelis as the Nazis. In reinventing these age-old deadly fantasies for the global left, it drew on far-right conspiracy theories, including those disseminated by the
959:
2029:
2012:
562:
has persisted and proliferated in the years since the Soviet propaganda campaign, becoming a central and largely unquestioned part in contemporary left-wing anti-Zionism.
249:
2059:
1212:
1094:. Chur (Switzerland): Harwood Academic Publishers for the Vidal Sassoon International Center for the Study of Antisemitism, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1995.
929:
2002:
2522:
2022:
548:
484:
2048:
2017:
731:
2007:
1959:
1323:
275:, were included in the mandatory reading list for military and police personnel, students, teachers and Communist Party members and were mass published.
2747:
1277:
228:
bourgeoisie which has closely allied itself with monopoly circles in the USA and other imperialist countries. The main content of
Zionism is bellicose
2256:
584:
432:"all over the Soviet Union portrayed the Zionists (i.e. Jews) and Israeli leaders as engaged in a world-wide conspiracy along the lines of the old
468:
98:
1467:
607:
392:
launched an unprecedented propaganda campaign against
Zionism as a 'world threat.' Defeat was attributed not to tiny Israel alone, but to an '
2742:
1954:
1567:
1620:
479:, warned of the impact of thus resolution, stating "The UN is about to make antisemitism an international law." Though ten days before the
949:
2139:
2109:
1436:
617:
529:
166:
2757:
2396:
2356:
2266:
2077:
1593:
1477:
2767:
2762:
2384:
2279:
2151:
1937:
1487:
1161:
Contains accusations of
Zionists of having "served Hitler's Fifth Column in order to establish Nazi German domination of the world."
1131:(1968), spoke of "chauvinistic idea of God chosenness of the Jewish people... and the idea of ruling over other people of the world"
2289:
2206:
2099:
1148:
Alleges that the Torah is an "unsurpassed textbook of bloodthirstiness and hypocrisy, treachery, perfidy and vile licentiousness."
520:: activate scientific research to criticize reactionary core of that ideology and aggressive character of its political practice;
2752:
2229:
2036:
1903:
1451:
1294:
1286:
627:
114:
1245:
400:-era characteristics. The Soviet public was saturated with racist canards. Extracts from Trofim Kichko's notorious 1963 volume,
1927:
1772:
2414:
1915:
1881:
1869:
1864:
1755:
1249:
685:
2341:
1218:
310:
owns major financial funds, partly through Jewish monopolists and partly collected by Jewish mandatory charities", it also "
2451:
2219:
1341:
1015:
1192:
248:. For example, in November 1975, the Soviet historian and academic M. Korostovtsev wrote a letter to the Secretary of the
201:
recognition. Nevertheless, Stalin soon returned to the preexisting "party line" regarding
Zionism in response to Israel's
2331:
1997:
1944:
1932:
926:
552:
495:
488:
412:
253:
184:
174:
90:
2379:
2374:
2094:
2042:
824:
202:
63:
2631:
2582:
2515:
2326:
2054:
1656:
1560:
1482:
1302:
1263:
2661:
2649:
2473:
2463:
2419:
2234:
1910:
1859:
1742:
1380:
602:
329:, international Zionism actively participates in the fight against national liberation movements of the peoples of
245:
2666:
2654:
2510:
2495:
2409:
2311:
1893:
1713:
544:
480:
209:, an antisemitic Soviet conspiracy theory. The Soviet press engaged in attacks on Zionism, Jewish culture, and "
2607:
2587:
2284:
1898:
1723:
1651:
1533:
1497:
1415:
657:
78:
205:, starting an anti-Jewish campaign within the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc, which would culminate in the
2678:
2505:
2369:
2321:
2082:
1876:
1750:
1733:
1370:
622:
402:
224:
Modern Zionism is the ideology, a ramified system of organisations and the practical politics of the wealthy
1127:
gave notice that the Supreme Council of the CPU has awarded Kichko with a diploma of honor. His other book,
927:
UN General Assembly Resolution 3379, Racial Discrimination (Council on Foreign Relations, November 10, 1975)
524:: fuller expose anti-populace and anti-humane diversionary character of propaganda and politics of Zionism."
2274:
1949:
1844:
1645:
1553:
1347:
1112:
303:
reactionary essence of Zionism" is "overt and covert fight against freedom movements and against the USSR"
2555:
2537:
2303:
2161:
2122:
2089:
1779:
1767:
1683:
1585:
1502:
1393:
637:
943:
941:
2550:
2527:
2500:
1408:
1248:
by Andreas Umland (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace: Vol. 7, 2002, Issue 2, Spring) (also at
810:
782:
612:
307:
210:
27:
982:
2592:
2565:
2468:
1441:
1307:
938:
857:
280:
55:
2560:
2673:
1312:
559:
1922:
1059:
476:
353:
1215:(PDF) by Prof. Branislav L. Slantchev (Dept. of Political Science, UC San Diego), March 15, 2005
2602:
2194:
2132:
1492:
1056:
Portraits of Infamy: a study of Soviet antisemitic caricatures and their roots in Nazi ideology
597:
1011:"Demonization Blueprints: Soviet Conspiracist Antizionism in Contemporary Left-Wing Discourse"
2721:
1693:
1472:
1403:
889:
715:
642:
421:
130:
2483:
2346:
2166:
1964:
1678:
1388:
1227:
816:
792:
2570:
220:, Yuri Ivanov, the Soviet Union's leading Zionologist, defined modern Zionism as follows:
8:
2710:
2439:
2244:
2173:
1830:
1708:
1630:
1603:
786:
563:
2577:
2488:
1805:
1718:
1608:
1598:
1255:
954:
652:
393:
292:"The main posits of modern Zionism are militant chauvinism, racism, anti-Communism and
861:
2685:
2625:
2404:
2190:
1886:
1688:
1673:
1615:
1034:
820:
681:
536:
453:
311:
101:. The Soviets framed their anti-Zionist propaganda in the guise of a study of modern
380:
argues that the atmosphere of the Soviet "anti-Zionist" campaign in the wake of the
284:(ŠŠ¾Š»ŃŃŠ°Ń Š”Š¾Š²ŠµŃŃŠŗŠ°Ń ŃŠ½ŃŠøŠŗŠ»Š¾ŠæŠµŠ“ŠøŃ, ŠŠ”Š), published in 1969ā1978, qualifies Zionism as
1398:
1024:
647:
580:
567:
206:
2597:
1810:
1762:
1668:
1519:
1174:
933:
806:
763:
345:
51:
2617:
2545:
1825:
1815:
452:" which "has raised terror to the level of state politics." Even regarding the
326:
293:
265:
257:
233:
150:
1070:
840:
Caution: Zionism! Essays on the Ideology, Organisation and Practice of Zionism
2736:
2478:
1038:
873:
377:
338:
315:
268:: "...it perceptibly stirs up anti-Semitism under the flag of anti-Zionism."
188:
138:
67:
2361:
2182:
1576:
1526:
1236:
705:. Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Soviet and East European Research Centre.
449:
396:.' ... In its flagrant vulgarity, the new propaganda assault soon achieved
300:
241:
162:
158:
142:
71:
47:
43:
31:
23:
1029:
1010:
2224:
2186:
2178:
1800:
1784:
1698:
1640:
1355:
1318:
576:
540:
441:
381:
361:
322:
154:
82:
2214:
1213:
National Security Strategy: The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, 1964-2001
516:: take active part in exposing Zionism, strongly rebuke its endeavors;
429:
229:
1545:
2434:
2429:
2251:
2144:
1974:
1635:
1446:
987:
632:
357:
146:
110:
1200:
Antisemitism: A historical encyclopedia of prejudice and persecution
743:
2424:
1969:
1703:
1663:
487:
was adopted on 16 December 1991 which revoked the determination in
193:
86:
35:
539:
became the Secretary General of the CPSU and in April he declared
406:, were extensively republished in the Soviet media. Yuri Ivanov's
356:
and agencies was that Zionism was a tool used by the Jews and the
141:
adopted a pro-Zionist foreign policy, apparently believing that a
2316:
1820:
1108:
272:
179:
126:
117:
to emigrate, primarily to Israel, but also to any other country.
102:
39:
570:, was pioneered by the Soviets in the aftermath of the 1967 war:
1360:
1089:
1081:
The Nazification of Russia: Antisemitism in the post-Soviet era
500:
472:
461:
457:
397:
389:
330:
285:
225:
170:
59:
950:"U.N. Repeals Its '75 Resolution Equating Zionism With Racism"
2239:
2117:
1140:
134:
2351:
2127:
1365:
558:
Izabella Tabarovsky has documented the way in which Soviet
334:
1246:
The Official Soviet Antisemitism in the Post-Stalin Period
444:
with a common centre, common programme and common funds'".
2336:
2156:
312:
influences or controls significant part of media agencies
94:
1285:
467:
Paul Johnson and other historians have also argued that
169:, which would pave the way for the establishment of the
675:
183:
recognition to Israel, becoming the second country to
514:
workers, peasants, representatives of intelligentsia
149:
and pro-Soviet, and thus would speed the decline of
81:intensified after Israel's sweeping victory in the
551:which was adopted on 16 December 1991 and revoked
448:The Israeli government was also referred to as a "
384:was antisemitic, and even compares it to Nazism:
240:Soviet leaders denied that their anti-Zionism was
471:of 10 November 1975 that equated "Zionism" with "
38:. While the Soviet Union initially pursued a pro-
2734:
2425:Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences
1083:. Washington, DC: Challenge Publications, 1996.
700:
678:The Soviet Union and Arab nationalism, 1917-1966
549:United Nations General Assembly Resolution 46/86
485:United Nations General Assembly Resolution 46/86
1221:by Yury Korogodsky (Euro-Asian Jewish Congress)
703:The Soviet Regime and Anti-Zionism: An Analysis
469:United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379
197:recognition) and the first country to grant it
1468:Organization for Jewish Colonization in Russia
547:. The Soviet Union was one of the sponsors of
352:The official position of the Soviet Union and
1561:
1271:
271:Some Zionology books, "exposing" Zionism and
109:. The Soviet anti-Israel policy included the
16:Opposition to Zionism within the Soviet Union
528:Also, at the same time, the CPSU set up the
346:A natural and objective assimilation process
125:The official Soviet ideological position on
618:Anti-Zionist Committee of the Soviet Public
530:Anti-Zionist Committee of the Soviet Public
494:On 1 April 1983, official newspaper of the
167:United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine
161:, together with the other countries of the
1568:
1554:
1478:National Coalition Supporting Soviet Jewry
1278:
1264:
1008:
980:
608:Soviet Union and the ArabāIsraeli conflict
555:that had called Zionism a form of racism.
1028:
878:A History of the Jews in the Modern World
751:The American Journal of International Law
374:A History of the Jews in the Modern World
85:, and it was officially sponsored by the
1219:Israeli Studies on the Post-Soviet Space
1154:Zionism in the service of Anti-Communism
981:Tabarovsky, Izabella (11 January 2024).
805:
1575:
1189:The Jews in the Soviet Union since 1917
1177:on a Russian ultra-nationalist website.
1169:, by Yury Ivanov, Evgeniy Evseev, 1969.
781:
628:History of the Jews in the Soviet Union
504:, ran a full front-page article titled
460:committed an act of aggression against
440:wrote 5 August 1967, an 'international
278:The third edition of the thirty-volume
203:growing alliance with the United States
173:. On 17 May 1948, three days after the
97:. Among other charges, it alleged that
2735:
1594:Index of Soviet Unionārelated articles
1107:by Trofim K. Kichko, published by the
849:
847:
2748:Politics of the ArabāIsraeli conflict
1549:
1259:
1009:Tabarovsky, Izabella (1 March 2022).
947:
348:of Jews is growing around the world."
157:. Accordingly, in November 1947, the
2743:Jews and Judaism in the Soviet Union
1287:Jews and Judaism in the Soviet Union
1016:Journal of Contemporary Antisemitism
962:from the original on 11 January 2013
532:as an anti-Zionist propaganda tool.
288:and makes the following assertions:
983:"The Language of Soviet Propaganda"
844:
496:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
464:, assaulting the Entebbe airport."
413:The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
254:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
175:Israeli Declaration of Independence
91:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
54:and pro-Soviet, its outlook on the
13:
1202:(Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO, 2005) pp 26ā28.
1181:
1137:The Encroaching Counter Revolution
734:Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs
732:UN General Assembly Resolution 181
308:International Zionist Organization
262:The Encroaching Counter Revolution
129:condemned the movement as akin to
14:
2779:
1483:Student Struggle for Soviet Jewry
1303:The Holocaust in the Soviet Union
1206:
856:ŠŠ¾Š»ŃŃŠ°Ń ŃŠ¾Š²ŠµŃŃŠŗŠ°Ń ŃŠ½ŃŠøŠŗŠ»Š¾ŠæŠµŠ“ŠøŃ /
416:, was given nationwide coverage."
2768:Anti-Zionism in the Soviet Union
2763:Antisemitism in the Soviet Union
2717:
2716:
2704:
948:Lewis, Paul (17 December 1991).
603:Antisemitism in the Soviet Union
410:, a book essentially replicated
394:all-powerful international force
1092:, and the Demonology of Zionism
1002:
974:
920:
899:
883:
867:
676:Hashim S. H. Behbehani (1986).
545:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
481:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
420:A similar picture was drawn by
321:"Serving as the front squad of
46:due to its perception that the
2753:Propaganda in the Soviet Union
1534:The Black Book of Soviet Jewry
1416:Joseph Stalin and antisemitism
1105:Judaism Without Embellishments
833:
799:
775:
756:
737:
725:
709:
694:
669:
658:Joseph Stalin and antisemitism
111:regulated denial of permission
87:agitation and propaganda media
1:
2758:IsraelāSoviet Union relations
2257:Political abuse of psychiatry
2049:Congress of People's Deputies
1371:Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee
1048:
880:(New York: Knopf, 2005) p.722
623:History of the Jews in Russia
522:writers, artists, journalists
403:Judaism Without Embellishment
120:
1452:DymshitsāKuznetsov hijacking
1348:Jewish Communist Youth Union
1111:Academy of Sciences, 1963 ā
246:exhibited antisemitic themes
99:Zionism was a form of racism
70:and aligned itself with the
30:doctrine promulgated in the
7:
2420:Academy of Medical Sciences
1394:Night of the Murdered Poets
753:, Vol. 4, No. 3, July 1948.
591:
364:." The meaning of the term
177:, the Soviet Union granted
10:
2784:
1409:Anti-cosmopolitan campaign
1098:
860:, 3rd Edition. 1969ā1978;
812:Stalin: Breaker of Nations
613:Soviet pro-Arab propaganda
506:From the Soviet Leadership
456:, Soviet media reported: "
2698:
2642:
2616:
2536:
2459:
2450:
2395:
2302:
2265:
2205:
2108:
2070:
1990:
1852:
1843:
1793:
1741:
1732:
1584:
1511:
1460:
1442:1970s Soviet Union aliyah
1424:
1379:
1334:
1324:Jewish history in the JAO
1308:Jewish autonomy in Crimea
1293:
1228:Few Words on Anti-Zionism
1191:(2 vol, NYU Press, 1988)
932:January 30, 2012, at the
858:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
771:. 1971. pp. 144ā145.
701:Jonathan Frankel (1984).
680:. Routledge. p. 69.
281:Great Soviet Encyclopedia
187:overall (preceded by the
165:, voted in favour of the
1313:Jewish Autonomous Oblast
663:
585:Nazis in the Arab states
560:antisemitic anti-Zionism
211:rootless cosmopolitanism
115:Jews in the Soviet Union
2711:Soviet Union portal
1503:JacksonāVanik amendment
1060:Simon Wiesenthal Center
917:) (Tallinn, 1982) p.156
638:JacksonāVanik amendment
477:Daniel Patrick Moynihan
2603:Stalinist architecture
2357:Science and technology
2267:Ideological repression
2195:Soviet Airborne Forces
2133:Destruction battalions
1512:Media and publications
1461:International activism
1437:Anti-Zionist Committee
1342:Jewish Communist Party
1198:Levy, Richard S., ed.
1088:Russian Antisemitism,
598:Antisemitism in Russia
589:
581:inverted the Holocaust
526:
454:Entebbe hostage crisis
418:
238:
2385:List of metro systems
1938:Collective leadership
1473:Soviet Jewry movement
1404:Rootless cosmopolitan
915:Foreign Panorama 1981
894:A History of the Jews
768:Encyclopaedia Judaica
744:Recognition of Israel
720:A History of the Jews
643:Rootless cosmopolitan
572:
510:
386:
260:, regarding the book
222:
131:bourgeois nationalism
83:1967 ArabāIsraeli War
56:ArabāIsraeli conflict
2347:Net material product
2290:Censorship of images
2207:Political repression
2167:Soviet Border Troops
2100:First Deputy Premier
1684:1965 economic reform
1679:Soviet space program
1389:1931 Menshevik Trial
817:Penguin Random House
793:Macmillan Publishers
388:"In late July 1967,
354:its satellite states
2415:Academy of Sciences
2230:Population transfer
2174:Soviet Armed Forces
2037:Congress of Soviets
2018:Presidium/Politburo
1982:Soviet anti-Zionism
1831:West Siberian Plain
1709:Revolutions of 1989
1646:Great Patriotic War
1631:New Economic Policy
1432:Soviet anti-Zionism
1381:Soviet antisemitism
1175:The text in Russian
1139:by Vladimir Begun,
1129:Judaism and Zionism
1030:10.26613/jca/5.1.97
909:, cited in edition
788:Stalin: A Biography
564:Holocaust inversion
483:, Soviet sponsored
62:began to develop a
20:Soviet anti-Zionism
2060:Military Collegium
1928:Capital punishment
1806:Caucasus Mountains
1719:Post-Soviet states
1599:Russian Revolution
1239:by Yury Korogodsky
1230:by Yury Korogodsky
955:The New York Times
911:VƤlispanoraam 1981
766:"DOCTORS' PLOT" in
438:Sovietskaya Latvia
93:as well as by the
64:close relationship
2730:
2729:
2694:
2693:
2686:Hammer and sickle
2628:and their groups
2626:Soviet dissidents
2405:Communist Academy
2322:Economic planning
2298:
2297:
2191:Soviet Air Forces
2110:Security services
2030:General Secretary
2013:Central Committee
1955:Political parties
1887:Brezhnev Doctrine
1882:Foreign relations
1839:
1838:
1780:Autonomous okrugs
1694:SovietāAfghan War
1674:Sino-Soviet split
1616:Russian Civil War
1543:
1542:
1488:Cleveland Council
1156:by V.V. Bolshakov
896:(1987) p. 575-576
687:978-0-7103-0213-7
537:Mikhail Gorbachev
518:social scientists
434:Protocols of Zion
250:Central Committee
216:In his 1969 book
151:British influence
79:Soviet propaganda
2775:
2720:
2719:
2709:
2708:
2707:
2457:
2456:
2365:
2220:Collectivization
1965:MarxismāLeninism
1850:
1849:
1739:
1738:
1570:
1563:
1556:
1547:
1546:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1257:
1256:
1244:
1235:
1226:
1043:
1042:
1032:
1006:
1000:
999:
997:
995:
978:
972:
971:
969:
967:
945:
936:
924:
918:
903:
897:
887:
881:
871:
865:
855:
851:
842:
837:
831:
830:
807:Conquest, Robert
803:
797:
796:
779:
773:
772:
760:
754:
741:
735:
729:
723:
713:
707:
706:
698:
692:
691:
673:
568:Holocaust denial
450:terrorist regime
185:recognize Israel
2783:
2782:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2705:
2703:
2690:
2638:
2612:
2532:
2446:
2391:
2363:
2337:Internet domain
2332:Five-year plans
2294:
2261:
2201:
2104:
2066:
1998:Communist Party
1986:
1945:Passport system
1835:
1811:European Russia
1789:
1728:
1669:Khrushchev Thaw
1648:(World War II)
1626:Creation treaty
1580:
1574:
1544:
1539:
1520:Am Yisrael Chai
1507:
1456:
1420:
1375:
1330:
1289:
1284:
1242:
1233:
1224:
1209:
1184:
1182:Further reading
1167:Beware! Zionism
1101:
1058:. Los Angeles:
1054:Abraham Cooper
1051:
1046:
1007:
1003:
993:
991:
979:
975:
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294:anti-Sovietism
266:Vladimir Begun
258:Mikhail Suslov
234:anti-communism
191:' granting of
135:Vladimir Lenin
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1399:Doctors' plot
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653:SlĆ”nskĆ½ trial
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648:Doctors' plot
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378:Howard Sachar
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339:Latin America
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207:Doctors' plot
204:
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189:United States
186:
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145:would emerge
144:
140:
139:Joseph Stalin
136:
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118:
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100:
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88:
84:
80:
75:
73:
69:
68:United States
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
42:policy after
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
2702:
2474:Demographics
2464:Antisemitism
2317:Central Bank
2235:Forced labor
2183:Spetsnaz GRU
2003:organisation
1981:
1911:Human rights
1860:Constitution
1743:Subdivisions
1621:Russian SFSR
1577:Soviet Union
1532:
1527:Jews on Land
1525:
1518:
1431:
1243:(in Russian)
1234:(in Russian)
1225:(in Russian)
1199:
1188:
1166:
1153:
1136:
1128:
1124:
1104:
1087:
1080:
1069:
1055:
1020:
1014:
1004:
992:. Retrieved
986:
976:
964:. Retrieved
953:
922:
914:
910:
906:
901:
893:
890:Paul Johnson
885:
877:
869:
854:(in Russian)
839:
835:
811:
801:
787:
777:
767:
764:
758:
750:
746:
739:
727:
722:(1987) p.527
719:
716:Paul Johnson
711:
702:
696:
677:
671:
573:
566:, a form of
557:
534:
527:
521:
517:
513:
511:
505:
499:
493:
466:
447:
437:
433:
422:Paul Johnson
419:
411:
407:
401:
387:
373:
372:In his book
371:
365:
360:for "racist
351:
279:
277:
270:
261:
239:
223:
217:
215:
198:
192:
178:
163:Eastern Bloc
159:Soviet Union
143:Jewish state
124:
106:
77:Anti-Israel
76:
72:Western Bloc
48:Jewish state
44:World War II
32:Soviet Union
24:anti-Zionist
19:
18:
2578:Phraseology
2523:Prohibition
2511:Linguistics
2496:Drug policy
2489:1989 census
2410:Cybernetics
2312:Agriculture
2225:Great Purge
2187:Soviet Navy
2179:Soviet Army
2051:(1989ā1991)
2045:(1938ā1991)
2039:(1922ā1936)
2023:Secretariat
1894:Gun control
1801:Caspian Sea
1785:Closed city
1714:Dissolution
1699:Perestroika
1641:Great Purge
1356:Yevsektsiya
1319:Birobidzhan
1250:carnegie.ru
1071:Der StĆ¼rmer
1023:(1): 1ā20.
862:translation
577:blood libel
541:perestroika
442:Cosa Nostra
382:Six-Day War
362:imperialism
323:colonialism
242:antisemitic
155:Middle East
58:changed as
34:during the
2737:Categories
2618:Opposition
2608:Television
2588:Propaganda
2561:Literature
2435:Naukograds
2430:Sharashkas
2364:(currency)
2342:Inventions
2285:Censorship
2215:Red Terror
1899:Government
1773:Autonomous
1756:Autonomous
1689:Stagnation
1652:Evacuation
1113:See review
1049:References
905:Newspaper
815:. London:
791:. London:
436:. It was,
430:mass media
301:anti-human
230:chauvinism
121:Background
2679:Republics
2667:Republics
2655:Republics
2506:Languages
2370:Transport
2252:Holodomor
2145:Militsiya
2083:President
1975:Stalinism
1877:Elections
1751:Republics
1734:Geography
1724:Nostalgia
1636:Stalinism
1447:Refusenik
1237:Two Myths
1109:Ukrainian
1039:2472-9906
988:Quillette
633:Refusenik
575:invented
358:Americans
147:socialist
107:Zionology
105:, dubbed
66:with the
52:socialist
50:would be
2722:Category
2275:Religion
2162:Chairmen
2008:Congress
1970:Leninism
1950:Propiska
1845:Politics
1704:Glasnost
1664:Cold War
1604:February
960:Archived
930:Archived
809:(1991).
785:(2004).
592:See also
316:the West
194:de facto
36:Cold War
28:pro-Arab
2643:Symbols
2556:Fashion
2538:Culture
2452:Society
2397:Science
2362:Rouble
2304:Economy
2280:Science
2090:Premier
2071:Offices
1933:Leaders
1853:General
1821:Siberia
1794:Regions
1768:Oblasts
1609:October
1586:History
1425:Zionism
1295:History
1099:Sources
1062:, 1986.
994:29 July
366:Zionism
273:Judaism
252:of the
199:de jure
180:de jure
153:in the
127:Zionism
103:Zionism
89:of the
40:Zionist
2662:Emblem
2650:Anthem
2598:Sports
2551:Cinema
2546:Ballet
2528:Racism
2501:Family
1991:Bodies
1579:topics
1361:Komzet
1350:(EKSM)
1344:(EKP)
1315:(JAO)
1193:online
1143:, 1974
1090:Pamyat
1037:
966:11 May
823:
684:
501:Pravda
473:racism
462:Uganda
458:Israel
390:Moscow
331:Africa
286:racism
226:Jewish
60:Israel
22:is an
2593:Radio
2571:Opera
2566:Music
2469:Crime
2240:Gulag
2118:Cheka
1763:Krais
1493:Nativ
1141:Minsk
747:JSTOR
664:Notes
299:"The
2674:Flag
2632:List
2440:List
2352:OGAS
2245:List
2128:NKVD
1916:LGBT
1904:List
1870:1977
1865:1936
1366:OZET
1035:ISSN
996:2024
968:2013
821:ISBN
682:ISBN
428:the
398:Nazi
337:and
335:Asia
325:and
232:and
113:for
26:and
2157:KGB
2152:MGB
2140:MVD
2123:GPU
1923:Law
1025:doi
264:by
213:".
95:KGB
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2189:ā¢
2185:ā¢
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876:,
846:^
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1027::
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587:.
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296:"
236:.
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