743:
963:
182:
1406:
803:
771:
1236:
955:
755:
1081:
1639:
74:
1146:
787:
1511:
331:
1244:
560:
831:
552:
1414:
1647:
1519:
1154:
823:
303:
22:
1089:
338:
1804:
Nyssen, Jan; Tielens, Sander; Gebreyohannes, Tesfamichael; Araya, Tigist; Teka, Kassa; Van De Wauw, Johan; Degeyndt, Karen; Descheemaeker, Katrien; Amare, Kassa; Haile, Mitiku; Zenebe, Amanuel; Munro, Neil; Walraevens, Kristine; Gebrehiwot, Kindeya; Poesen, Jean; Frankl, Amaury; Tsegay, Alemtsehay;
1760:
were lost and soil depth was reduced. Hence, soil erosion is an important problem, which results in low crop yields and biomass production. As a response to the strong degradation and thanks to the hard labour of many people in the villages, soil conservation has been carried out on a large scale
373:) reflect its longstanding agricultural history, highly seasonal rainfall regime, relatively low temperatures, an extremely great variety in lithology (with dominance of basalts and limestone) and steep slopes. Outstanding features in the soilscape are the fertile highland
2571:
Nyssen, Jan; Poesen, Jean; Gebremichael, Desta; Vancampenhout, Karen; d'Aes, Margo; Yihdego, Gebremedhin; Govers, Gerard; Leirs, Herwig; Moeyersons, Jan; Naudts, Jozef; Haregeweyn, Nigussie; Haile, Mitiku; Deckers, Jozef (2007).
742:
394:
Annual rainfall depth is very variable with an average of around 800 mm. Most rains fall during the main rainy season, which typically extends from June to
September. Mean temperature in woreda town
2613:
Nyssen, J.; Veyret-Picot, M.; Poesen, J.; Moeyersons, J.; Haile, Mitiku; Deckers, J.; Govers, G. (2004). "The effectiveness of loose rock check dams for gully control in Tigray, Northern
Ethiopia".
399:
is 16.8 °C, oscillating between average daily minimum of 9.3 °C and maximum of 24.1 °C. The contrasts between day and night air temperatures are much larger than seasonal contrasts.
2373:
Nyssen, Jan; Frankl, Amaury; Zenebe, Amanuel; Deckers, Jozef; Poesen, Jean (2015). "Land management in the northern
Ethiopian highlands: local and global perspectives; past, present and future".
523:
in this district became important when humans started deforestation almost 5000 years ago. Depending on land use history, locations have been exposed in varying degrees to such land degradation.
2176:
Nyssen, Jan; Poesen, Jean; Moeyersons, Jan; Deckers, Jozef; Haile, Mitiku; Lang, Andreas (2004). "Human impact on the environment in the
Ethiopian and Eritrean highlands - a state of the art".
2138:
Moeyersons, J. and colleagues (2006). "Age and backfill/overfill stratigraphy of two tufa dams, Tigray
Highlands, Ethiopia: Evidence for Late Pleistocene and Holocene wet conditions".
2213:"Terrasses alluviales et terrasses agricoles. Première approche des comblements sédimentaires et de leurs aménagements agricoles depuis 5000 av. n. è. à Wakarida (Éthiopie)"
1864:
Nyssen, J.; Naudts, J.; De Geyndt, K.; Haile, Mitiku; Poesen, J.; Moeyersons, J.; Deckers, J. (2008). "Soils and land use in the Tigray highlands (Northern
Ethiopia)".
770:
802:
754:
2104:
Bosellini, A.; Russo, A.; Fantozzi, P.; Assefa, G.; Tadesse, S. (1997). "The
Mesozoic succession of the Mekelle Outlier (Tigrai Province, Ethiopia)".
422:
2410:
Sheet and Rill
Erosion and Its Control: Lessons from Dogu'a Tembien. In: Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains — The Dogu'a Tembien District
2491:
Farmland
Management, Tillage and Resulting Cultivation Terraces. In: Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains — The Dogu'a Tembien District
786:
1780:
in order to allow forest regeneration. On the other hand, it remains difficult to convince farmers to carry out measures within the farmland (
2330:
Demel
Teketay (2001). "Deforestation, wood famine, and environmental degradation in Ethiopia's highland ecosystems: urgent need for action".
1787:), such as bed and furrows or zero grazing, as there is a fear for loss of income from the land. Such techniques are however very effective.
962:
2681:
2212:
330:
2648:
Tewodros Gebreegziabher, and colleagues (2009). "Contour furrows for in situ soil and water conservation, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia".
2532:
Research-Based Development Projects in Dogu'a Tembien. In: Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains — The Dogu'a Tembien District
535:- areas with specific and unique geomorphic and geological characteristics, characterised by a particular soil distribution along the
2451:
Gully Erosion and Control in the Tembien Highlands. In: Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains — The Dogu'a Tembien District
181:
540:
1902:
Descheemaeker, K. and colleagues (2006). "Sediment deposition and pedogenesis in exclosures in the Tigray Highlands, Ethiopia".
2080:
Regional geology of the Dogu'a Tembien massif. In: Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains — The Dogu'a Tembien District
2547:
2506:
2466:
2425:
2088:
2053:
1937:
Van de Wauw, J. and colleagues (2008). "Soil-landscape relationships in the basalt-dominated highlands of Tigay, Ethiopia".
2038:
Dogu'a Tembien's Tropical Mountain Climate. In: Geo-trekking in Ethiopia's Tropical Mountains — The Dogu'a Tembien District
1104:
at the southwestern side of Dogu’a Tembien, where the Giba River gorge widens up when entering into the Abergele lowlands.
255:
520:
505:
411:
1981:"Assessing spatio-temporal rainfall variability in a tropical mountain area (Ethiopia) using NOAAs Rainfall Estimates"
1748:
The reduced soil protection by vegetation cover, combined with steep slopes and erosive rainfall has led to excessive
60:
38:
1807:"Understanding spatial patterns of soils for sustainable agriculture in northern Ethiopia's tropical mountains"
42:
31:
2574:"Interdisciplinary on-site evaluation of stone bunds to control soil erosion on cropland in Northern Ethiopia"
1405:
574:
396:
248:
974:
This land system occurs on the steep slopes towards the southwestern lowlands; it occupies large areas of
1966:
Central Tigre Development Study – Tigre Province Ethiopia, Working Paper I: Soils and land classification
2686:
1609:
1349:
1235:
1116:
1051:
899:
691:
650:
1169:
986:
978:
861:
597:
589:
581:
954:
500:
Generally speaking the level lands and intermediate slopes are occupied by cropland, while there is
1765:
2297:
1226:
432:
1654:
This land system occurs where the Giba valley widens; it occurs only at the lower places of
2262:
2185:
2147:
1992:
1911:
1818:
1424:
This land system occurs on Agula Shale at the east of Dogu’a Tembien, it is predominant in
1165:
This land system occurs on in the deeply incised gorge of Giba River, at the lower side of
1080:
1188:
Dominant soil type: complex of rock outcrops, very stony and very shallow soils ((Lithic)
8:
485:
461:
407:
From the higher to the lower locations, the following geological formations are present:
2266:
2189:
2151:
1996:
1915:
1822:
1243:
2630:
2626:
2553:
2512:
2472:
2431:
2390:
2355:
2347:
2235:
2059:
2018:
1881:
1841:
1806:
2197:
1638:
1288:
shallow stony soils with a dark surface horizon overlying calcaric material (Calcaric
559:
73:
2557:
2543:
2516:
2502:
2476:
2462:
2435:
2421:
2394:
2359:
2239:
2084:
2063:
2049:
2022:
1885:
1846:
1769:
1518:
947:
846:
531:
Given the complex geology and topography of the district, it has been organised into
508:
churches and a few inaccessible places. A recent trend is the widespread planting of
456:
451:
2634:
1145:
2657:
2622:
2593:
2585:
2535:
2494:
2454:
2413:
2382:
2339:
2274:
2270:
2227:
2193:
2155:
2041:
2008:
2000:
1946:
1923:
1919:
1873:
1836:
1826:
1530:
1510:
1255:
1228:
998:
850:
830:
679:
Moderately deep, stony, dark cracking clays on calcaric material (Calcaric Vertic
585:
446:
2539:
2498:
2458:
2417:
2231:
2159:
2078:
2004:
1950:
1831:
1784:
605:
489:
427:
37:
It may require cleanup to comply with Knowledge's content policies, particularly
2661:
2589:
2301:
2045:
958:
Typical catena on the Adigrat Sandstone cliff and footslope in and near Avergele
1757:
236:
1980:
1646:
1413:
543:
and reference made to main characteristics that can be observed in the field.
2675:
2573:
1658:
1537:
1432:
1270:
1266:
1248:
1173:
536:
417:
366:
358:
318:
290:
270:
257:
133:
96:
1153:
2013:
1850:
1749:
1436:
1278:
1181:
994:
967:
869:
841:
This land system occurs on the westernmost ridges of Dogu’a Tembien, where
573:
This land system occurs on the central basalt plateau and adjacent ridges;
532:
2598:
2343:
2317:
Towards a soil map of the Geba catchment using benchmark soils. MSc thesis
1761:
since the 1980s and especially 1980s; this has curbed rates of soil loss.
1084:
Typical catena in the alluvial plain of Giba River at the edge of Abergele
492:, leading the occurrence of mountain peaks, plateaus, valleys and gorges.
1428:
1158:
1035:
shallow, dry soils with very high amounts of stones (Leptic and Skeletic
551:
195:
108:
2351:
1523:
1502:
734:
509:
466:
153:
118:
1672:
complex of rock outcrops, very stony and very shallow soils ((Lithic)
1551:
complex of rock outcrops, very stony and very shallow soils ((Lithic)
1393:
1012:
complex of rock outcrops, very stony and very shallow soils ((Lithic)
925:
complex of rock outcrops, very stony and very shallow soils ((Lithic)
2570:
2386:
1897:
1895:
1777:
1773:
1662:
1504:
1440:
1418:
1368:
1101:
1093:
1088:
1061:
soils with stagnating water due to an abrupt textural change such as
1002:
809:
793:
593:
501:
158:
1877:
748:
Mazi-Pellic Vertisol (Eutric) Thapto Haplic Leptosol at Mere'a Ziban
77:
Red-black soil catena in Addi Selam (Hagere Selam Highlands) - A is
1753:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1715:
1695:
1691:
1684:
1673:
1624:
1620:
1613:
1598:
1574:
1563:
1552:
1493:
1466:
1456:
1399:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1357:
1353:
1338:
1327:
1315:
1311:
1300:
1289:
1217:
1210:
1199:
1189:
1131:
1124:
1120:
1055:
1036:
1024:
1013:
937:
926:
903:
898:
with strong structure and very good natural fertility, temporarily
884:
857:
714:
699:
695:
680:
673:
666:
654:
639:
624:
620:
567:
469:
441:
378:
374:
370:
308:
148:
143:
128:
123:
113:
102:
82:
2612:
2127:. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Ethiopian Institute of Geological Survey.
1892:
1409:
Typical catena on the undulating Agula shale plateau with dolerite
1205:
shallow, stony to sandy loam soils on calcaric material (Calcaric
1096:, the Giba River leaves its gorge and enters in the alluvial plain
1699:
1594:
1578:
1541:
1477:
1444:
1206:
1040:
1020:
914:
888:
834:
822:
725:
710:
628:
563:
163:
138:
78:
2288:"Principes de la cartographie des pédopaysages dans les Alpes".
1198:
shallow, stony, dark, loamy soils on calcaric material (Rendzic
1803:
1274:
1177:
990:
982:
865:
842:
777:
761:
609:
601:
504:
and shrubs on the steeper slopes. Remnant forests occur around
1247:
Quarrying of Antalo Limestone covered with Vertic Cambisol in
577:
is entirely in this land system, which is also predominant in
2175:
1395:
1262:
1239:
Typical catena in the gently rolling Antalo limestone plateau
2103:
1768:
trenches, stone bunds, check dams, small reservoirs such as
1619:
Brown to dark, silty clay loams to loamy sands developed on
1492:
on calcaric material with good fertility but poor drainage (
672:
Rock outcrops and very shallow soils on limestone (Calcaric
1722:
1711:
1680:
1605:
1590:
1570:
1559:
1489:
1473:
1452:
1364:
1345:
1334:
1307:
1296:
1112:
1066:
1062:
1047:
933:
910:
895:
880:
721:
706:
687:
646:
635:
473:
232:
222:
218:
1863:
1216:
brown loamy sands developed on alluvium along Giba River (
1130:
brown loamy sands developed on alluvium along Giba River (
2372:
1968:. Hemel Hempstead (U.K.): Hunting Technical Services Ltd.
1690:
shallow, very stony, silt loamy to loamy soils (Skeletic
619:
shallow, very stony, silt loamy to loamy soils (Skeletic
384:
946:
2647:
2253:
Bui, E.N. (2004). "Soil survey as a knowledge system".
1963:
30:
A major contributor to this article appears to have a
735:
Gallery: soil profiles in the Hagere Selam Highlands
526:
2076:
337:
186:Mazi-Pellic Vertisol in the Hagere Selam Highlands
2140:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
1866:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
1149:Typical catena in the severely incised Giba gorge
2673:
2220:Géomorphologie: Relief, Processus, Environnement
1743:
776:Humi-Cumulicalcaric Regosol in May Addi Abagie (
1465:rock outcrops, stony and shallow soils (Lithic
1075:
1140:
2407:
2329:
2122:
1901:
1642:Typical catena in the Giba wide valley bottom
1326:Rock outcrops and very shallow soils (Lithic
724:soils on basalt with good natural fertility (
665:Rock outcrops and very shallow soils (Lithic
2077:Sembroni, A.; Molin, P.; Dramis, F. (2019).
1522:View on the incised Giba plateau, down from
555:Typical catena in the Hagere Selam highlands
1936:
1503:Incised Giba plateau, upstream of (future)
1476:soils with good natural fertility (Chromic
2137:
1633:
1514:Typical catena on the incised Giba plateau
1231:plateau, holding cliffs and valley bottoms
1019:shallow, stony sandy [[loam soils (Eutric
180:
2597:
2408:Vancampenhout, K. and colleagues (2019).
2012:
1840:
1830:
1451:Dominant soil type: stony, dark cracking
760:Humi-Cumuliskeletic Regosol in Kuliheni (
546:
539:. Soil types are classified in line with
61:Learn how and when to remove this message
2125:Geological Map of Ethiopia (1:2,000,000)
1645:
1637:
1517:
1509:
1412:
1404:
1242:
1234:
1152:
1144:
1087:
1079:
961:
953:
829:
821:
558:
550:
515:
72:
2529:
2314:
1985:International Journal of Remote Sensing
1776:as well as a major biological measure:
1729:, with good natural fertility (Mollic)
792:Calcaric Regosol in Luqmuts rangeland (
541:World Reference Base for Soil Resources
2674:
2448:
2171:
2169:
1797:
1593:soils with moderate fertility (Eutric
932:moderately deep, stony, dark cracking
385:Factors contributing to soil diversity
2210:
2035:
1978:
1764:Measures include the construction of
1608:with good fertility, but problems of
1569:shallow to very shallow, very stony,
1337:soil on limestone (Skeletic Calcaric
1050:with good fertility, but problems of
913:soils with a good natural fertility (
1714:with good natural fertility (Vertic
1683:soils on calcaric material (Rendzic
1562:soils on calcaric material (Rendzic
1455:with good natural fertility (Vertic
1299:with good natural fertility (Vertic
826:Typical catena on the Basalt plateau
638:with good natural fertility (Vertic
15:
2682:Soil geography of Tigray (Ethiopia)
2530:Reubens, B. and colleagues (2019).
2252:
2166:
13:
2627:10.1111/j.1475-2743.2004.tb00337.x
2449:Frankl, A. and colleagues (2019).
2375:Land Degradation & Development
2123:Tefera, M.; Chernet, T.; Haro, W.
1348:with very good natural fertility,
1115:with very good natural fertility,
808:Luvic Phaeozem in Luqmuts forest (
690:with very good natural fertility,
14:
2698:
2211:Blond, N. and colleagues (2018).
2036:Jacob, M. and colleagues (2019).
1979:Jacob, M. and colleagues (2013).
817:
527:Geomorphic regions and soil units
345:Soil in Dogu'a Tembien (Ethiopia)
801:
785:
769:
753:
741:
336:
329:
301:
106:
41:. Please discuss further on the
20:
2641:
2606:
2564:
2523:
2483:
2442:
2401:
2366:
2323:
2308:
2281:
2246:
2204:
2131:
2116:
1623:, with good natural fertility (
1352:during the wet season (Chromic
1310:on calcaric material (Calcaric
1119:during the wet season (Chromic
709:on calcaric material (Calcaric
694:during the wet season (Chromic
488:the land has undergone a rapid
423:Interbedded lacustrine deposits
2319:. Leuven, Belgium: K.U.Leuven.
2275:10.1016/j.geoderma.2003.07.006
2097:
2070:
2029:
1972:
1957:
1930:
1924:10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.04.027
1857:
653:during the wet season (Pellic
1:
2198:10.1016/S0012-8252(03)00078-3
1790:
1744:Soil erosion and conservation
1661:and will be flooded once the
837:village on the basalt plateau
479:
2540:10.1007/978-3-030-04955-3_30
2499:10.1007/978-3-030-04955-3_26
2459:10.1007/978-3-030-04955-3_22
2418:10.1007/978-3-030-04955-3_21
2232:10.4000/geomorphologie.12258
2160:10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.07.013
2005:10.1080/01431161.2013.837230
1964:Hunting Technical Services.
1951:10.1016/j.catena.2008.04.006
1832:10.1371/journal.pone.0224041
1725:to loamy sands developed on
1417:Landscape on Agula Shale in
1157:Slopes of the Giba gorge at
1076:Alluvial plain of Giba River
7:
2662:10.1016/j.still.2008.05.021
2590:10.1016/j.still.2006.07.011
2046:10.1007/978-3-030-04955-3_3
1710:moderately deep dark stony
1650:The Giba wide valley bottom
1529:This land system occurs on
1295:moderately deep dark stony
1254:This land system occurs on
1141:Strongly incised Giba gorge
1100:This land system occurs in
883:soils (Leptic and Skeletic
634:moderately deep dark stony
495:
10:
2703:
1665:reservoir will be filled.
402:
389:
2650:Soil and Tillage Research
2578:Soil and Tillage Research
2332:Northeast African Studies
324:
314:
296:
286:
247:
242:
228:
214:
209:
201:
191:
179:
95:
90:
2493:. SpringerNature. 2019.
2315:Tielens, Sander (2012).
1394:Gently undulating Agula
1069:(Haplic Planosol]]) (34)
966:Lithic Leptosols around
909:moderately deep, brown,
2615:Soil Use and Management
1805:Deckers, Jozef (2019).
1634:Giba wide valley bottom
1573:soils (Skeletic/Leptic
1533:; it is predominant in
1258:, it is predominant in
902:during the wet season (
853:; it is predominant in
1679:shallow, stony, dark,
1669:Associated soil types
1651:
1643:
1558:shallow, stony, dark,
1548:Associated soil types
1526:
1515:
1462:Associated soil types
1421:
1410:
1285:Associated soil types
1251:
1240:
1195:Associated soil types
1162:
1150:
1108:Associated soil types
1097:
1085:
1009:Associated soil types
971:
959:
876:Associated soil types
838:
827:
616:Associated soil types
570:
556:
547:Hagere Selam Highlands
205:2 m (6.6 ft)
91:Soil in Dogu’a Tembien
85:
2344:10.1353/nas.2005.0020
2178:Earth-Science Reviews
1649:
1641:
1521:
1513:
1416:
1408:
1246:
1238:
1156:
1148:
1091:
1083:
965:
957:
879:shallow, very stony,
833:
825:
562:
554:
516:Environmental changes
433:Amba Aradam Formation
76:
39:neutral point of view
1612:(Chromic and Pellic
1604:Deep, dark cracking
1488:deep, dark cracking
1306:deep, dark cracking
1161:, with incense trees
1054:(Chromic and Pellic
1046:deep, dark cracking
849:without intervening
645:deep, dark cracking
2267:2004Geode.120...17B
2190:2004ESRv...64..273N
2152:2006PPP...230..165M
1997:2013IJRS...34.8319J
1916:2006Geode.132..291D
1823:2019PLoSO..1424041N
1344:Deep dark cracking
1333:Shallow very stony
1111:deep dark cracking
950:cliff and footslope
705:Shallow stony dark
686:Deep dark cracking
486:Ethiopian highlands
462:Edaga Arbi Glacials
267: /
97:Stratigraphic range
2534:. SpringerNature.
2453:. SpringerNature.
2412:. SpringerNature.
2083:. SpringerNature.
2040:. SpringerNature.
1652:
1644:
1527:
1516:
1422:
1411:
1252:
1241:
1163:
1151:
1098:
1086:
972:
960:
839:
828:
571:
557:
506:Orthodox Christian
86:
2549:978-3-030-04954-6
2508:978-3-030-04954-6
2468:978-3-030-04954-6
2427:978-3-030-04954-6
2296:(1–2): 49. 1998.
2090:978-3-030-04954-6
2055:978-3-030-04954-6
1991:(23): 8305–8321.
948:Adigrat Sandstone
847:Adigrat Sandstone
457:Enticho Sandstone
452:Adigrat Sandstone
353:
352:
71:
70:
63:
34:with its subject.
2694:
2666:
2665:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2610:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2487:
2481:
2480:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2387:10.1002/ldr.2336
2370:
2364:
2363:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2312:
2306:
2305:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2217:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2184:(3–4): 273–320.
2173:
2164:
2163:
2146:(1–2): 162–178.
2135:
2129:
2128:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2033:
2027:
2026:
2016:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1910:(3–4): 291–314.
1899:
1890:
1889:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1844:
1834:
1817:(10): e0224041.
1801:
1531:Antalo Limestone
1256:Antalo Limestone
1229:Antalo Limestone
999:Mahbere Sillasie
894:deep, very dark
851:Antalo Limestone
805:
789:
773:
757:
745:
586:Mahbere Sillasie
521:Soil degradation
447:Antalo Limestone
340:
339:
333:
307:
305:
304:
282:
281:
279:
278:
277:
272:
268:
265:
264:
263:
260:
184:
175:
105:
88:
87:
66:
59:
55:
52:
46:
32:close connection
24:
23:
16:
2702:
2701:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2672:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2646:
2642:
2611:
2607:
2569:
2565:
2550:
2528:
2524:
2509:
2489:
2488:
2484:
2469:
2447:
2443:
2428:
2406:
2402:
2371:
2367:
2328:
2324:
2313:
2309:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2251:
2247:
2215:
2209:
2205:
2174:
2167:
2136:
2132:
2121:
2117:
2102:
2098:
2091:
2075:
2071:
2056:
2034:
2030:
2014:1854/LU-4252226
1977:
1973:
1962:
1958:
1935:
1931:
1900:
1893:
1878:10.1002/ldr.840
1862:
1858:
1802:
1798:
1793:
1785:soil management
1746:
1636:
1589:Shallow, stony
1508:
1403:
1233:
1227:Gently rolling
1143:
1078:
952:
820:
813:
806:
797:
790:
781:
774:
765:
758:
749:
746:
737:
549:
529:
518:
498:
490:tectonic uplift
484:As part of the
482:
472:and freshwater
405:
392:
387:
349:
348:
347:
346:
343:
342:
341:
302:
300:
275:
273:
269:
266:
261:
258:
256:
254:
253:
187:
174:
173:
172:
171:
166:
161:
156:
151:
146:
141:
136:
131:
126:
121:
116:
111:
101:
100:
67:
56:
50:
47:
36:
25:
21:
12:
11:
5:
2700:
2690:
2689:
2687:Dogu'a Tembien
2684:
2668:
2667:
2656:(2): 257–264.
2640:
2605:
2599:1854/LU-378900
2584:(1): 151–163.
2563:
2548:
2522:
2507:
2482:
2467:
2441:
2426:
2400:
2381:(7): 759–794.
2365:
2322:
2307:
2280:
2261:(1–2): 17–26.
2245:
2226:(3): 277–300.
2203:
2165:
2130:
2115:
2106:Mem. Sci. Geol
2096:
2089:
2069:
2054:
2028:
1971:
1956:
1929:
1891:
1872:(3): 257–274.
1856:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1758:organic matter
1745:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1719:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1688:
1677:
1635:
1632:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1617:
1602:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1567:
1556:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1483:
1482:
1481:
1470:
1460:
1402:
1392:
1391:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1363:Brown to dark
1361:
1342:
1331:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1304:
1293:
1232:
1225:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1214:
1203:
1193:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1128:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1070:
1059:
1044:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1017:
951:
945:
944:
943:
942:
941:
930:
920:
919:
918:
907:
892:
819:
818:Basalt plateau
816:
815:
814:
807:
800:
798:
791:
784:
782:
775:
768:
766:
759:
752:
750:
747:
740:
736:
733:
732:
731:
730:
729:
718:
703:
684:
677:
670:
660:
659:
658:
649:, temporarily
643:
632:
548:
545:
528:
525:
517:
514:
497:
494:
481:
478:
477:
476:
464:
459:
454:
449:
444:
438:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
404:
401:
391:
388:
386:
383:
365:(district) in
359:Dogu’a Tembien
351:
350:
344:
335:
334:
328:
327:
326:
325:
322:
321:
319:Dogu’a Tembien
316:
312:
311:
298:
294:
293:
288:
284:
283:
271:13.5°N 39.16°E
251:
245:
244:
240:
239:
230:
226:
225:
216:
212:
211:
207:
206:
203:
199:
198:
193:
189:
188:
185:
177:
176:
169:
168:
167:
162:
157:
152:
147:
142:
137:
132:
127:
122:
117:
112:
107:
93:
92:
69:
68:
28:
26:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2699:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2644:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2609:
2600:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2567:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2526:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2486:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2445:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2423:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2404:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2369:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2326:
2318:
2311:
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2284:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2249:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2214:
2207:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2172:
2170:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2134:
2126:
2119:
2111:
2107:
2100:
2092:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2073:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2032:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1975:
1967:
1960:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1933:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1898:
1896:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1860:
1852:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1800:
1796:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1762:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1721:Brown, silty
1720:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1660:
1659:Emni Ankelalu
1657:
1648:
1640:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1550:
1549:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1538:Emni Ankelalu
1536:
1532:
1525:
1520:
1512:
1506:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1479:
1475:
1472:red-brownish
1471:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1435:and parts of
1434:
1433:Mizane Birhan
1430:
1427:
1420:
1415:
1407:
1401:
1398:plateau with
1397:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1291:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1271:Ayninbirkekin
1268:
1267:Inda Sillasie
1264:
1261:
1257:
1250:
1249:Addi Ateroman
1245:
1237:
1230:
1219:
1215:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1174:Inda Sillasie
1171:
1168:
1160:
1155:
1147:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1095:
1090:
1082:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
977:
969:
964:
956:
949:
939:
935:
931:
928:
924:
923:
921:
916:
912:
908:
905:
901:
897:
893:
890:
886:
882:
878:
877:
875:
874:
873:
871:
867:
863:
859:
856:
852:
848:
845:is overlying
844:
836:
832:
824:
811:
804:
799:
795:
788:
783:
779:
772:
767:
763:
756:
751:
744:
739:
738:
727:
723:
719:
716:
712:
708:
704:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
682:
678:
675:
671:
668:
664:
663:
661:
656:
652:
648:
644:
641:
637:
633:
630:
626:
622:
618:
617:
615:
614:
613:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
580:
576:
569:
565:
561:
553:
544:
542:
538:
534:
524:
522:
513:
511:
507:
503:
493:
491:
487:
475:
471:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
413:
410:
409:
408:
400:
398:
382:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
363:
360:
357:soils of the
332:
323:
320:
317:
313:
310:
299:
295:
292:
289:
285:
280:
252:
250:
246:
241:
238:
234:
231:
227:
224:
220:
217:
213:
208:
204:
200:
197:
194:
190:
183:
178:
165:
160:
155:
150:
145:
140:
135:
130:
125:
120:
115:
110:
104:
98:
94:
89:
84:
80:
75:
65:
62:
54:
51:February 2022
44:
40:
35:
33:
27:
18:
17:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2618:
2614:
2608:
2581:
2577:
2566:
2531:
2525:
2490:
2485:
2450:
2444:
2409:
2403:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2338:(1): 53–76.
2335:
2331:
2325:
2316:
2310:
2293:
2289:
2283:
2258:
2254:
2248:
2223:
2219:
2206:
2181:
2177:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2124:
2118:
2109:
2105:
2099:
2079:
2072:
2037:
2031:
1988:
1984:
1974:
1965:
1959:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1907:
1903:
1869:
1865:
1859:
1814:
1810:
1799:
1781:
1766:infiltration
1763:
1750:soil erosion
1747:
1655:
1653:
1610:waterlogging
1534:
1528:
1437:Debre Nazret
1425:
1423:
1279:Debre Nazret
1259:
1253:
1182:Debre Nazret
1166:
1164:
1099:
1052:waterlogging
995:Degol Woyane
975:
973:
968:Dabba Selama
870:Degol Woyane
854:
840:
606:Mika'el Abiy
578:
575:Hagere Selam
572:
533:land systems
530:
519:
499:
483:
428:Lower basalt
418:Upper basalt
406:
397:Hagere Selam
393:
381:in forests.
361:
356:
354:
57:
48:
29:
1945:: 117–127.
1707:Inclusions
1698:, Skeletic
1586:Inclusions
1485:Inclusions
1429:Addi Azmera
1350:waterlogged
1323:Inclusions
1159:Addi Lihtsi
1117:waterlogged
1032:Inclusions
922:Inclusions
900:waterlogged
713:, Calcaric
692:waterlogged
662:Inclusions
651:waterlogged
627:, Skeletic
608:as well as
537:soil catena
437:Agula Shale
276:13.5; 39.16
274: /
249:Coordinates
2676:Categories
1791:References
1778:exclosures
1369:silt loams
510:eucalyptus
480:Topography
467:Quaternary
2621:: 55–64.
2558:199261393
2517:199097368
2477:199099185
2436:199110301
2395:129501591
2360:145550500
2302:223074690
2240:134513245
2112:: 95–116.
2064:199105560
2023:140560276
1886:128492271
1774:May Leiba
1754:Nutrients
1733:, Fluvic
1694:, Leptic
1663:Lake Giba
1505:Lake Giba
1496:) (11,12)
1441:Haddinnet
1419:Haddinnet
1383:, Haplic
1379:, Eutric
1356:, Pellic
1314:, Calcic
1123:, Pellic
1102:Kemishana
1094:Kemishana
1003:Haddinnet
970:monastery
698:, Pellic
623:, Leptic
502:rangeland
412:Phonolite
379:Phaeozems
375:Vertisols
210:Lithology
202:Thickness
196:Soilscape
81:and B is
43:talk page
2635:98547102
2352:41931355
2298:ProQuest
2290:Écologie
2255:Geoderma
1904:Geoderma
1851:31639144
1811:PLOS ONE
1735:Cambisol
1731:Fluvisol
1727:alluvium
1716:Cambisol
1696:Cambisol
1692:Cambisol
1685:Leptosol
1674:Leptosol
1625:Fluvisol
1621:alluvium
1614:Vertisol
1599:Cambisol
1575:Cambisol
1564:Leptosol
1553:Leptosol
1494:Vertisol
1467:Leptosol
1457:Cambisol
1400:dolerite
1385:Fluvisol
1381:Fluvisol
1377:Fluvisol
1375:(Vertic
1373:alluvium
1358:Vertisol
1354:Vertisol
1339:Cambisol
1328:Leptosol
1316:Vertisol
1312:Vertisol
1301:Cambisol
1290:Leptosol
1218:Fluvisol
1211:Cambisol
1200:Leptosol
1190:Leptosol
1132:Fluvisol
1125:Vertisol
1121:Vertisol
1056:Vertisol
1037:Cambisol
1025:Cambisol
1014:Leptosol
938:Cambisol
936:(Vertic
927:Leptosol
904:Vertisol
885:Cambisol
858:Menachek
715:Cambisol
700:Vertisol
696:Vertisol
681:Cambisol
674:Leptosol
667:Leptosol
655:Vertisol
640:Cambisol
625:Cambisol
621:Cambisol
568:Dingilet
496:Land use
470:alluvium
442:Dolerite
440:Mekelle
371:Ethiopia
309:Ethiopia
243:Location
103:Holocene
83:Vertisol
2263:Bibcode
2186:Bibcode
2148:Bibcode
1993:Bibcode
1912:Bibcode
1842:6804989
1819:Bibcode
1782:in situ
1700:Regosol
1595:Regosol
1579:Regosol
1542:Addilal
1524:Ts'arot
1478:Luvisol
1445:Addilal
1207:Regosol
1041:Regosol
1021:Regosol
915:Luvisol
889:Regosol
835:Gumuara
726:Luvisol
711:Regosol
629:Regosol
564:Luvisol
512:trees.
403:Geology
390:Climate
297:Country
262:39°10′E
259:13°30′N
215:Primary
170:↓
79:Luvisol
2633:
2556:
2546:
2515:
2505:
2475:
2465:
2434:
2424:
2393:
2358:
2350:
2300:
2238:
2087:
2062:
2052:
2021:
1939:Catena
1884:
1849:
1839:
1718:) (10)
1627:) (30)
1616:) (12)
1601:) (21)
1535:tabias
1480:) (20)
1459:) (10)
1426:tabias
1387:) (30)
1360:) (12)
1318:) (11)
1303:) (10)
1275:Amanit
1260:tabias
1213:) (21)
1178:Amanit
1167:tabias
1134:) (30)
1127:) (12)
1058:) (12)
1027:) (21)
991:Aregen
983:Simret
976:tabias
940:) (10)
917:) (26)
906:) (15)
866:Aregen
855:tabias
843:basalt
810:Hech'i
794:Hech'i
778:Harena
762:Harena
728:) (26)
720:Brown
717:) (22)
702:) (12)
683:) (17)
657:) (15)
642:) (10)
610:Arebay
602:Simret
594:Lim'at
579:tabias
367:Tigray
362:woreda
315:Extent
306:
291:Tigray
287:Region
2631:S2CID
2554:S2CID
2513:S2CID
2473:S2CID
2432:S2CID
2391:S2CID
2356:S2CID
2348:JSTOR
2236:S2CID
2216:(PDF)
2060:S2CID
2019:S2CID
1882:S2CID
1770:Chini
1723:loams
1712:clays
1702:) (4)
1687:) (3)
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