739:
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29:
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605:. It is known for its vast sand dunes, which exist mainly due to a lack of vegetation and water. Over time, wind blows away fine particles, such as clay and dead organic matter, leaving only sand and larger rocks. Only 15% of the Sahara is sand dunes, while 70% is bare rock. The wind is responsible for creating these different environments and shaping the sand to be round and smooth. These properties make desert sand unusable for construction.
45:
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220:
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1031:. Grains of desert sand are rounded by being blown in the wind, and for this reason do not produce solid concrete, unlike the rough sand from the sea. Because of the growth of population and of cities and the consequent construction activity there is a huge demand for these special kinds of sand, and natural sources are running low. In 2012 French director
1129:, United Arab Emirates, the use of sand has been very demanding in the construction of infrastructure and creating new islands. They used up their own reserves and also imported sand from Australia. There have been three projects to create artificial islands needing more than 835 million tonnes of sand, which cost more than $ 26 billion USD.
622:
586:, causing the rock to break apart into small pieces. In high energy environments rocks break apart much faster than in more calm settings. In granite rocks this results in more feldspar minerals in the sand because they do not have as much time to dissolve away. The term for sand formed by weathering is "epiclastic."
664:
in the building trade where it is preferred for concrete, and in gardening where it is used as a soil amendment to loosen clay soils. Sand that is transported long distances by water or wind will be rounded, with characteristic abrasion patterns on the grain surface. Desert sand is typically rounded.
593:
and accounts for the majority of the sand used in the construction industry. Because of this, many small rivers have been depleted, causing environmental concern and economic losses to adjacent land. The rate of sand mining in such areas greatly outweighs the rate the sand can replenish, making it a
1055:
industry, raising environmental concerns over fish depletion, landslides, and flooding. Countries such as China, Indonesia, Malaysia, and
Cambodia ban sand exports, citing these issues as a major factor. It is estimated that the annual consumption of sand and gravel is 40 billion tons and sand is a
612:
Marine sand (or ocean sand) comes from sediments transported into the ocean and the erosion of ocean rocks. The thickness of the sand layer varies, however it is common to have more sand closer to land; this type of sand is ideal for construction and is a very valuable commodity. Europe is the main
608:
Beach sand is also formed by erosion. Over thousands of years, rocks are eroded near the shoreline from the constant motion of waves and the sediments build up. Weathering and river deposition also accelerate the process of creating a beach, along with marine animals interacting with rocks, such as
1047:
mixed in with the extracted sand is killed and the ecosystem can continue to suffer for years after the mining is complete. Not only does this affect marine life, but also the local fishing industries because of the loss of life, and communities living close to the water's edge. When sand is taken
573:
are transported downstream. These sediments continue to break apart into smaller pieces until they become fine grains of sand. The type of rock the sediment originated from and the intensity of the environment give different compositions of sand. The most common rock to form sand is
905:, proverbially impermanent. Special play areas for children, enclosing a significant area of sand and known as sandboxes, are common on many public playgrounds, and even at some single-family homes. Sand dunes are also popular among climbers, motorcyclists and
754:: Before sandpaper, wet sand was used as an abrasive element between rotating devices with elastic surface and hard materials such as very hard stone (making of stone vases), or metal (removal of old stain before re-staining copper cooking pots).
265: mm) a volume of approximately 0.00012 cubic millimetres, to 2 mm, a volume of approximately 4.2 cubic millimetres, the difference in volumes being 34,688 measures difference. Any particle falling within this range of sizes is termed a
738:
2095:
277:(particles smaller than 0.0625 mm down to 0.004 mm). The size specification between sand and gravel has remained constant for more than a century, but particle diameters as small as 0.02 mm were considered sand under the
936:
sand and then shape it into molds into which they pour molten material. This type of sand must be able to withstand high temperatures and pressure, allow gases to escape, have a uniform, small grain size, and be non-reactive with
1620:
313:
14688 grades sands as fine, medium, and coarse with ranges 0.063 mm to 0.2 mm to 0.63 mm to 2.0 mm. In the United States, sand is commonly divided into five sub-categories based on size: very fine sand
1116:
Manufactured sand (M sand) is sand made from rock by artificial processes, usually for construction purposes in cement or concrete. It differs from river sand by being more angular, and has somewhat different properties.
609:
eating the algae off of them. Once there is a sufficient amount of sand, the beach acts as a barrier to keep the land from eroding any further. This sand is ideal for construction as it is angular and of various sizes.
1042:
To retrieve the sand, the method of hydraulic dredging is used. This works by pumping the top few meters of sand out of the water and filling it into a boat, which is then transported back to land for processing. All
1479:
1063:(UNEP) published a report stating that 50 billion tons of sand and gravel were being used every year. The report made 10 recommendations, including a ban on beach extraction, to avert a crisis, and move toward a
2047:
247:
used in engineering and geology corresponds to US Standard Sieves, and defines sand as particles with a diameter of between 0.074 and 4.75 millimeters. By another definition, in terms of
296:
1604:
943:: These protect against floods and gunfire. The inexpensive bags are easy to transport when empty, and unskilled volunteers can quickly fill them with local sand in emergencies.
846:: Cob is a building material consisting of water, organic material (like straw), lime, and subsoil, which largely consists of sand. Coarse sand makes up as much as 75% of cob.
1079:
require precautions. Bags of silica sand used for sandblasting now carry labels warning the user to wear respiratory protection to avoid breathing the resulting fine silica
1105:
that behaves like a liquid. Quicksand produces a considerable barrier to escape for creatures caught within, who often die from exposure (not from submersion) as a result.
175:
is in high demand. Desert sand, although plentiful, is not suitable for concrete. Fifty billion tons of beach sand and fossil sand are used each year for construction.
2039:
901:
Recreation: Playing with sand is a favorite beach activity. One of the most beloved uses of sand is to make sometimes intricate, sometimes simple structures known as
2474:
1108:
People sometimes dig holes in the sand at beaches for recreational purposes, but if too deep they can result in serious injury or death in the event of a collapse.
2585:
2561:
1874:
Kim, Tae Goun (14 September 2007). "The economic costs to fisheries because of marine sand mining in Ongjin Korea: Concepts, methods, and illustrative results".
1425:
1364:
392:
D; D being the particle size in mm. On this scale, for sand the value of Φ varies from −1 to +4, with the divisions between sub-categories at whole numbers.
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are ideal for crops such as watermelons, peaches, and peanuts, and their excellent drainage characteristics make them suitable for intensive dairy farming.
1910:
1039:" about the impact of the lack of construction sand. It shows the ecological and economic effects of both legal and illegal trade in construction sand.
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310:
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1940:
1719:
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784:: Sand makes a low-cost aquarium base material which some believe is better than gravel for home use. It is also a necessity for saltwater
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3538:
1758:
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273:(with particles ranging from 2 mm up to 64 mm by the latter system, and from 4.75 mm up to 75 mm in the former) and
969:: While not in widespread use anymore, sand used to be heated and poured on invading troops in the classical and medieval time periods.
2129:
98:
The composition of sand varies, depending on the local rock sources and conditions, but the most common constituent of sand in inland
1689:
1512:
966:
3405:
2361:
292:
1971:
1823:
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2388:
1741:
Yong, Syed E. Hasan, Benedetto De Vivo, Bernhard
Grasemann, Kurt Stüwe, Jan Lastovicka, Syed M. Hasan, Chen (5 December 2011).
1048:
out of the water it increases the risk of landslides, which can lead to loss of agricultural land and/or damage to dwellings.
1752:
1556:
140:. It is the primary form of sand apparent in areas where reefs have dominated the ecosystem for millions of years, as in the
2073:
1060:
922:
draw images in sand. Makers of animated films use the same term to describe their use of sand on frontlit or backlit glass.
644:
The study of individual grains can reveal much historical information as to the origin and kind of transport of the grain.
161:
2346:
2252:
742:
Sand grains of yellow building sand. Microscope Lumam P-8. EPI lighting. The photo of each grain of sand is the result of
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US$ 70 billion global industry. With increasing use, more is expected to come from recycling and alternatives to sand.
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The composition of mineral sand is highly variable, depending on the local rock sources and conditions. The bright
200:
1323:
1059:
The global demand for sand in 2017 was 9.55 billion tons as part of a $ 99.5 billion industry. In April 2022, the
4239:
3531:
2337:
450:
or organically derived fragmental material, suggesting that sand formation depends on living organisms, too. The
979:
use sand for filtering water. It is also commonly used by many water treatment facilities, often in the form of
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4224:
3882:
1572:
707:
4094:
4021:
3926:
3889:
3063:
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1902:
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625:
407:
The most common constituent of sand, in inland continental settings and non-tropical coastal settings, is
3951:
3376:
2174:"An Investigation into the Use of Manufactured Sand as a 100% Replacement for Fine Aggregate in Concrete"
1250:
1459:
1238: – a surprising, uncommon way of sand pile growth that can be found in a few sands around the world
83:
particles. Sand has various compositions but is defined by its grain size. Sand grains are smaller than
4355:
3524:
2976:
2421:
3279:
2674:
1854:
1297:
1087:
for silica sand state that "excessive inhalation of crystalline silica is a serious health concern."
455:
157:
1993:
Torres, Aurora; Simoni, Mark U.; Keiding, Jakob K.; Müller, Daniel B.; zu
Ermgassen, Sophus O.S.E.;
4039:
3355:
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3217:
3207:
3037:
2775:
2573:
2404:
2148:"Maine man, 18, killed in sand collapse on New Jersey beach; dad recalls his 'quirky' personality"
384: mm – 1 mm), and very coarse sand (1 mm – 2 mm). These sizes are based on the
28:
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3195:
3170:
3110:
2790:
2731:
1932:
1711:
1642:
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224:
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of soil or soil type; i.e., a soil containing more than 85 percent sand-sized particles by mass.
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2919:
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2724:
2616:
1163:
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set the minimum sand size at 0.074 mm. Sand feels gritty when rubbed between the fingers.
168:
1226: – Mixture of sand, silt or clay with water, which creates a liquefied soil when agitated
4327:
3145:
2954:
2462:
1742:
1500:
Urquhart, Leonard Church, "Civil
Engineering Handbook" McGraw-Hill Book Company (1959) p. 8-2
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20:
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2010:
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8:
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2513:
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419:, which, because of its chemical inertness and considerable hardness, is the most common
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2014:
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2717:
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868:", a material to hold open cracks that are caused by the hydraulic fracturing process.
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1963:
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where tides, storms, or deliberate changes to the shoreline erode the original sand.
632:
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2018:
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Only some sands are suitable for the construction industry, for example for making
972:
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Roads: Sand improves traction (and thus traffic safety) in icy or snowy conditions.
874:
803:
291:
written around 240 BCE, were 0.02 mm in diameter. A 1938 specification of the
278:
2597:
1214: – Notion for comparing dimensions of particles in different states of matter
871:
Landscaping: Sand makes small hills and slopes (golf courses would be an example).
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1998:
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1533:. Vol. 7 (5 ed.). The Gale Encyclopedia of Science. pp. 3823–3824.
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1190: – Class of cements, mechanically processed to transform reactivity (EMC)
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1828:
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1390:
1211:
1181:
1160: – Area of loose particles at the edge of the sea or other body of water
864:: A drilling technique for natural gas, which uses rounded silica sand as a "
852:: Sand is often a principal component of this critical construction material.
545:
of the sand, giving a deep yellow color. Sand deposits in some areas contain
2670:
2523:
1154: – Mass of rock, gravel, sand, soil particles, or of minerals in a rock
960:
4186:
4074:
3946:
3941:
3840:
3830:
3775:
3483:
3478:
3468:
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2279:
The World in a Grain: The Story of Sand and How It
Transformed Civilization
2217:
1291:
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1018:
for structural strength, which they need because they lack a true skeleton.
976:
946:
929:
925:
817:
613:
miners of marine sand, which greatly hurts ecosystems and local fisheries.
236:
92:
37:
2535:
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4337:
4151:
4124:
4119:
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3012:
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1994:
1261:
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906:
902:
757:
645:
195:
183:
57:
2632:
2557:
2458:
1671:
Krinsley, D.H., Smalley, I.J. 1972. Sand. American
Scientist 60, 286–291
1605:"What is the reason for not using sea and desert sand for construction?"
4265:
4201:
4161:
4079:
4004:
3795:
3653:
3317:
3297:
3185:
2997:
2992:
2914:
2904:
2785:
2530:
2450:
1819:
1319:
1285:
1279:
807:
775:
710: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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Sand dunes are a consequence of dry conditions or wind deposition. The
590:
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431:
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282:
248:
16:
Granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles
2198:
1282: – Meteorological phenomenon common in arid and semi-arid regions
522:
bearing sands are typically green in color, as are sands derived from
4206:
4166:
3994:
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3850:
3780:
3473:
3453:
3339:
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3140:
2756:
2698:
2498:
1273:
1267:
1223:
1199:
1095:
1036:
797:
789:
785:
770:: Finer sand particles mixed with cloth was commonly used in certain
503:
487:
467:
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400:
281:
standard in use during the early 20th century. The grains of sand in
252:
141:
137:
125:
99:
44:
3516:
685:
601:
is very dry because of its geographic location and proximity to the
124:
is the second most common type of sand. One such example of this is
4134:
4129:
3956:
3871:
3730:
3555:
3503:
3390:
3120:
3095:
3022:
2939:
2605:
2312:
2070:"Our use of sand brings us "up against the wall", says UNEP report"
1997:; Jaeger, Jochen A.G.; Winter, Marten; Lambin, Eric F. (May 2021).
1102:
1052:
1028:
1015:
1003:
996:
986:
950:
858:: Sand rich in silica is the principal component in common glasses.
849:
781:
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Sand from rivers are collected either from the river itself or its
579:
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523:
511:
471:
447:
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212:
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American
Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
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3443:
3415:
3100:
3027:
3017:
3007:
3002:
2710:
2682:
2105:
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While sand is generally non-toxic, sand-using activities such as
1000:
956:
940:
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602:
575:
562:
542:
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61:
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2304:
Beach Sand: What It Is, Where It Comes From and How It Gets Here
672:. Organisms that thrive in sandy environments are psammophiles.
569:
over a long period of time, mainly by water and wind, and their
4295:
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3825:
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3760:
3745:
3603:
3425:
3420:
3410:
3400:
3332:
3105:
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2706:
2622:
2545:
2040:"As ice melts, Greenland could become big sand exporter: study"
1519:. Susanscott.net (1 March 2002). Retrieved on 24 November 2011.
653:
598:
583:
546:
507:
506:
are dark to black in color, as are sands derived from volcanic
499:
463:
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416:
408:
295:
was 0.05 mm. A 1953 engineering standard published by the
270:
228:
208:
149:
115:
107:
84:
65:
2446:
2318:
1999:"Sustainability of the global sand system in the Anthropocene"
434:
found in tropical and subtropical coastal settings are eroded
4176:
4139:
3898:
3800:
3750:
3735:
3725:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3628:
3623:
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1007:
990:
884:
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833:
827:
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1166: – Coarse to fine grain rock materials used in concrete
4310:
4275:
3785:
3715:
3663:
3658:
2873:
2868:
2853:
2848:
2833:
2146:
Ellement, John R.; Yan, Matt; Annear, Steve (18 May 2022).
1547:
1080:
837:
761:
538:
533:
content. Many sands, especially those found extensively in
526:
300:
274:
255:, sand particles range in diameter from 0.0625 mm (or
204:
88:
33:
1184: – Conjectural soil type probably not found in nature
3790:
3593:
2136:. Simplot (13 March 2011). Retrieved on 24 November 2011.
1992:
640:, Egypt. Pitting is a consequence of wind transportation.
2368:
Sand crisis looms as world population surges, U.N. warns
2096:"The world is using sand faster than it can be replaced"
898:
use sand to improve the traction of wheels on the rails.
1247: – Moulding and sculpting shapes out of moist sand
1022:
1208: – Green sand beach in Kaʻū district, Hawai'i, US
810:
bagged sand can serve as the foundation for new reefs.
1457:
1240:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
243:
The exact definition of sand varies. The scientific
171:
over human timescales, and sand suitable for making
1458:Pettijohn, FJ; Potter, PE; Siever, Raymond (1972).
549:and other resistant minerals, including some small
2171:
1576:
1510:Seaweed also plays a role in the formation of sand
1300: – National park in New Mexico, United States
891:for walls and ceilings or non-slip floor surfaces.
2145:
1824:"The story of climate change gets star treatment"
1744:Environmental and Engineering Geology -Volume III
788:, which emulate environments composed largely of
774:filter designs but have largely been replaced by
4368:
1901:Torres, Aurora; et al. (8 September 2017).
1712:"Importing Sand, Glass May Help Restore Beaches"
1422:"The Slippery Slopes of the World Sand Shortage"
1353:. Ottawa: Agriculture Canada. 1976. p. 35.
1294: – A phenomenon of sand that produces sound
1220: – Black Sand Beach, Big Island, Hawaii, US
836:: Manufacturing plants add sand to a mixture of
668:People who collect sand as a hobby are known as
144:. Somewhat more rarely, sand may be composed of
132:million years by various forms of life, such as
2356:How Demand For Sand Is Killing Rivers In Africa
2062:
1583:(6 ed.). Columbia University Press. 2000.
2088:
1288: – Unauthorized or illegal mining of sand
656:quartz crystals will be angular. It is called
399:Close up of black volcanic sand from Perissa,
187:Heavy minerals (dark) in a quartz beach sand (
3532:
2389:
1264: – Practice that is used to extract sand
999:"skeletons": Animals in this order of marine
840:and other materials for manufacturing bricks.
68:and the mainland United States. (1×1 cm each)
2403:
2347:Sand Mining In India Rivers Causing Problems
2276:
1779:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
881:and lime to be used in masonry construction.
2172:Pilegis, M.; Gardner, D.; Lark, R. (2016).
1391:"How the demand for sand is killing rivers"
1311:
1258: – Island that is largely made of sand
3539:
3525:
2396:
2382:
1903:"The world is facing a global sand crisis"
1818:
1202: – Type of unconventional oil deposit
462:are famous for their bright, white color.
128:, which has been created over the past 500
2207:
2197:
2022:
1551:. Springer, Dordrecht. pp. 155–160.
1388:
1232: – Kaihalulu Beach, Maui, Hawaii, US
1196: – Ore deposits of rare earth metals
896:Engine drivers and rail transit operators
726:Learn how and when to remove this message
1546:
737:
631:
620:
394:
218:
194:
182:
43:
27:
2230:
1864:Arte Future, last updated 23 April 2014
1389:Constable, Harriet (3 September 2017).
1051:Sand's many uses require a significant
877:: Sand is mixed with masonry cement or
293:United States Department of Agriculture
4369:
1986:
1961:
1900:
1528:
953:in cleaning, preparing, and polishing.
3546:
3520:
2377:
2310:
2037:
1943:from the original on 16 December 2018
1653:from the original on 13 December 2019
1623:from the original on 15 December 2019
1542:
1540:
1401:from the original on 3 September 2017
1370:from the original on 14 February 2019
1317:
52:volcanic, biogenic coral, pink coral,
2074:United Nations Environment Programme
1836:from the original on 4 November 2014
1740:
1419:
1061:United Nations Environment Programme
1023:Resources and environmental concerns
959:: Quartz sand is a raw material for
887:: Mixing sand with paint produces a
708:adding citations to reliable sources
679:
162:Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge
2038:Doyle, Alister (11 February 2019).
1873:
1326:from the original on 13 August 2019
993:ritual wiping of parts of the body.
215:coating providing the orange color.
13:
4235:Integrated coastal zone management
2270:
2050:from the original on 7 August 2020
1974:from the original on 16 April 2018
1747:. EOLSS Publications. p. 80.
1537:
1447:Unified Soil Classification System
1428:from the original on 29 March 2019
1178: – Light reddish-yellow color
582:minerals dissolve faster than the
245:Unified Soil Classification System
14:
4393:
2414:Offshore geotechnical engineering
2296:
1347:Glossary of terms in soil science
486:rock outcrop. Some sands contain
4351:
4350:
3888:
3881:
2705:
2693:
2681:
2669:
2657:
2645:
2631:
2621:
2604:
2592:
2580:
2568:
2556:
2544:
2522:
2493:
2481:
2469:
2457:
2445:
2338:The World Is Running Out Of Sand
2326:. Chicago: F. E. Compton and Co.
2321:The New Student's Reference Work
2311:Beach, Chandler B., ed. (1914).
2255:from the original on 29 May 2019
1964:"The Deadly Global War for Sand"
1913:from the original on 9 July 2018
1761:from the original on 2 July 2021
1722:from the original on 2 July 2021
1692:from the original on 9 July 2017
1482:from the original on 2 July 2021
1276: – Type of sedimentary rock
1194:Heavy mineral sands ore deposits
1170:Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park
1138:
684:
648:that is recently weathered from
201:Coral Pink Sand Dunes State Park
156:, as is found in places such as
2224:
2165:
2139:
2120:
2031:
1962:Beiser, Vince (26 March 2015).
1955:
1925:
1894:
1867:
1848:
1812:
1787:
1734:
1704:
1674:
1665:
1635:
1597:
1565:
1120:
1094:, sand and salt water can form
695:needs additional citations for
446:fragments in addition to other
334: mm diameter), fine sand (
4333:Region of freshwater influence
2231:Peduzzi, Pascal (April 2014).
1888:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.07.016
1522:
1503:
1494:
1451:
1440:
1413:
1382:
1338:
1172: – State park in Utah, US
1111:
178:
1:
4382:Soil-based building materials
4095:Large-scale coastal behaviour
3927:Beaches in estuaries and bays
3064:Mechanically stabilized earth
2233:"Sand, rarer than one thinks"
1305:
1188:Energetically modified cement
541:impurities within the quartz
2816:Hydraulic conductivity tests
2249:10.1016/j.envdev.2014.04.001
2024:10.1016/j.oneear.2021.04.011
1014:incorporate sand into their
636:Pitted sand grains from the
626:Scanning electron micrograph
303:, by comparison, feels like
7:
3377:Stress distribution in soil
1251:Sand Beach (disambiguation)
1132:
1035:made a documentary called "
949:: Graded sand serves as an
826:: Governments move sand to
227:. Components are primarily
91:. Sand can also refer to a
79:composed of finely divided
10:
4398:
2527:Pore pressure measurement
1070:
556:
415:), usually in the form of
269:. Sand grains are between
114:), usually in the form of
54:volcanic, garnet, olivine.
18:
4346:
4248:
4215:
4020:
3980:
3897:
3879:
3554:
3434:
3389:
3288:
3280:Preconsolidation pressure
3252:
3243:
3216:
3036:
2985:
2972:
2887:
2841:
2832:
2755:
2675:Standard penetration test
2433:
2420:
2411:
2307:- Beaufort County Library
2237:Environmental Development
2072:(Press release). Geneva:
1860:24 September 2015 at the
1579:The Columbia Encyclopedia
1298:White Sands National Park
1145:Earth Sciences portal
961:the production of silicon
928:: Casters moisten or oil
456:White Sands National Park
158:White Sands National Park
4040:Coastal biogeomorphology
2776:California bearing ratio
2574:Rotary-pressure sounding
2405:Geotechnical engineering
2332:Sand mining side-effects
1643:"How Is A Beach Formed?"
1270: – Genus of rodents
616:
594:non-renewable resource.
411:(silicon dioxide, or SiO
388:, where size is Φ = -log
374: mm), coarse sand (
354: mm), medium sand (
110:(silicon dioxide, or SiO
3196:Geosynthetic clay liner
3171:Expanded clay aggregate
2791:Proctor compaction test
2732:Crosshole sonic logging
2718:Nuclear densometer test
2475:Geo-electrical sounding
1067:for the two resources.
675:
225:Pismo Beach, California
3937:Coastal morphodynamics
3459:Earthquake engineering
3270:Lateral earth pressure
2895:Hydraulic conductivity
2746:Wave equation analysis
2725:Exploration geophysics
2617:Deformation monitoring
2586:Rotary weight sounding
1933:"The hourglass effect"
1529:Gilman, Larry (2014).
1164:Construction aggregate
792:sand broken down from
747:
641:
629:
628:showing grains of sand
482:of a (usually nearby)
474:content, derived from
404:
240:
239:, and shell fragments.
216:
207:. These are grains of
192:
169:non-renewable resource
69:
41:
4328:Physical oceanography
2637:Settlement recordings
2562:Rock control drilling
2463:Cone penetration test
2277:Vince Beiser (2018).
2132:11 March 2006 at the
2076:(UNEP). 26 April 2022
741:
635:
624:
398:
222:
198:
186:
56:Samples are from the
47:
31:
21:Sand (disambiguation)
4157:Submergent coastline
4110:Marine transgression
4065:Discordant coastline
4050:Concordant coastline
3499:Agricultural science
3201:Cellular confinement
1876:Ecological Economics
1649:. 19 December 2017.
862:Hydraulic fracturing
704:improve this article
106:coastal settings is
50:glass, dune, quartz,
19:For other uses, see
4261:Coastal engineering
3391:Numerical analysis
3275:Overburden pressure
3265:Pore water pressure
3045:Shoring structures
2920:Reynolds' dilatancy
2821:Water content tests
2806:Triaxial shear test
2766:Soil classification
2739:Pile integrity test
2281:. Riverhead Books.
2190:2016Mate....9..440P
2015:2021OEart...4..639T
1686:Merriam-Webster.com
1515:1 July 2017 at the
1176:Desert sand (color)
1152:Aggregate (geology)
1092:pore water pressure
920:Performance artists
744:multifocal stacking
48:Depiction of sands:
4230:Coastal management
4070:Emergent coastline
3741:Intertidal wetland
3644:Continental margin
3366:Slab stabilisation
3346:Stability analysis
2362:Dubai Imports Sand
1939:. 8 October 2009.
1855:Strände in Gefahr?
1461:Sand and Sandstone
1420:Albarazi, Hannah.
1085:Safety data sheets
981:rapid sand filters
814:Artificial islands
748:
642:
630:
470:with considerable
454:sand dunes of the
405:
386:Krumbein phi scale
241:
217:
193:
70:
42:
4364:
4363:
4192:Wave-cut platform
4105:Marine regression
3649:Continental shelf
3639:Coastal waterfall
3548:Coastal geography
3514:
3513:
3385:
3384:
3361:Sliding criterion
3323:Response spectrum
3239:
3238:
3069:Pressure grouting
2968:
2967:
2828:
2827:
2781:Direct shear test
2487:Permeability test
2199:10.3390/ma9060440
1822:(26 April 2014).
1799:www.sand-wars.com
1754:978-1-84826-357-4
1611:. 2 August 2015.
1558:978-94-017-9143-4
1395:BBC News Magazine
1322:. sandatlas.org.
1245:Sand art and play
1090:In areas of high
989:: Tayammum is an
824:Beach nourishment
736:
735:
728:
288:The Sand Reckoner
122:Calcium carbonate
102:settings and non-
87:and coarser than
77:granular material
4389:
4354:
4353:
4115:Raised shoreline
4090:Ingression coast
4085:Graded shoreline
4060:Cuspate foreland
3892:
3885:
3836:Submarine canyon
3696:Freshwater marsh
3541:
3534:
3527:
3518:
3517:
3373:Bearing capacity
3260:Effective stress
3250:
3249:
3151:Land reclamation
3091:Land development
2986:Natural features
2983:
2982:
2950:Specific storage
2839:
2838:
2771:Atterberg limits
2709:
2697:
2685:
2673:
2661:
2649:
2635:
2625:
2610:Screw plate test
2608:
2596:
2584:
2572:
2560:
2548:
2526:
2497:
2485:
2473:
2461:
2449:
2431:
2430:
2398:
2391:
2384:
2375:
2374:
2327:
2325:
2316:
2292:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2211:
2201:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2143:
2137:
2127:Silica sand MSDS
2124:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1907:The Conversation
1898:
1892:
1891:
1871:
1865:
1852:
1846:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1778:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1718:. 17 July 2007.
1708:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1678:
1672:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1582:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1544:
1535:
1534:
1526:
1520:
1507:
1501:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1455:
1449:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1369:
1352:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1331:
1315:
1241:
1236:Revolving rivers
1143:
1142:
1141:
1065:circular economy
973:Water filtration
932:, also known as
804:Artificial reefs
731:
724:
720:
717:
711:
688:
680:
502:. Sands rich in
438:and may contain
383:
382:
378:
373:
372:
368:
363:
362:
358:
353:
352:
348:
343:
342:
338:
333:
332:
328:
323:
322:
318:
279:Albert Atterberg
264:
263:
259:
131:
4397:
4396:
4392:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4386:
4367:
4366:
4365:
4360:
4342:
4318:Intertidal zone
4244:
4211:
4100:Longshore drift
4045:Coastal erosion
4016:
3976:
3912:Beach evolution
3893:
3887:
3886:
3877:
3564:Anchialine pool
3550:
3545:
3515:
3510:
3489:Earth materials
3430:
3392:
3381:
3290:
3284:
3235:
3212:
3166:Earth structure
3161:Erosion control
3059:Ground freezing
3049:Retaining walls
3032:
2974:
2964:
2925:Angle of repose
2883:
2824:
2758:
2751:
2750:
2711:Visible bedrock
2663:Simple sounding
2651:Shear vane test
2427:instrumentation
2426:
2424:
2416:
2407:
2402:
2299:
2289:
2273:
2271:Further reading
2268:
2258:
2256:
2229:
2225:
2170:
2166:
2156:
2154:
2152:BostonGlobe.com
2144:
2140:
2134:Wayback Machine
2125:
2121:
2111:
2109:
2108:. 28 April 2022
2094:
2093:
2089:
2079:
2077:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2053:
2051:
2036:
2032:
1991:
1987:
1977:
1975:
1960:
1956:
1946:
1944:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1916:
1914:
1899:
1895:
1872:
1868:
1862:Wayback Machine
1853:
1849:
1839:
1837:
1817:
1813:
1803:
1801:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1772:
1771:
1764:
1762:
1755:
1739:
1735:
1725:
1723:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1695:
1693:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1656:
1654:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1626:
1624:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1591:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1559:
1545:
1538:
1527:
1523:
1517:Wayback Machine
1508:
1504:
1499:
1495:
1485:
1483:
1476:
1466:Springer Verlag
1456:
1452:
1445:
1441:
1431:
1429:
1418:
1414:
1404:
1402:
1387:
1383:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1361:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1329:
1327:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1239:
1206:Papakolea Beach
1139:
1137:
1135:
1123:
1114:
1073:
1033:Denis Delestrac
1025:
889:textured finish
879:Portland cement
732:
721:
715:
712:
701:
689:
678:
619:
559:
535:Southern Europe
414:
391:
380:
376:
375:
370:
366:
365:
360:
356:
355:
350:
346:
345:
340:
336:
335:
330:
326:
325:
320:
316:
315:
261:
257:
256:
181:
146:calcium sulfate
129:
113:
55:
53:
51:
49:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4395:
4385:
4384:
4379:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4314:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4263:
4258:
4252:
4250:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4221:
4219:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4026:
4024:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4014:
4013:
4012:
4007:
3997:
3992:
3986:
3984:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3903:
3901:
3895:
3894:
3880:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3609:Brackish marsh
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3589:Barrier island
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3560:
3558:
3552:
3551:
3544:
3543:
3536:
3529:
3521:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3506:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3440:
3438:
3436:Related fields
3432:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3397:
3395:
3387:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3370:
3369:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3356:Classification
3353:
3348:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3330:
3328:Seismic hazard
3325:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3294:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3256:
3254:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3228:
3222:
3220:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3042:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2989:
2987:
2980:
2970:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2955:Shear strength
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2930:Friction angle
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2845:
2843:
2836:
2830:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2811:Oedometer test
2808:
2803:
2801:Sieve analysis
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2761:
2753:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2714:
2713:
2702:
2701:
2690:
2689:
2687:Total sounding
2678:
2677:
2666:
2665:
2654:
2653:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2629:
2613:
2612:
2601:
2600:
2589:
2588:
2577:
2576:
2565:
2564:
2553:
2552:
2541:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2519:
2518:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2490:
2489:
2478:
2477:
2466:
2465:
2454:
2453:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2428:
2418:
2417:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2401:
2400:
2393:
2386:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2365:
2359:
2353:
2351:New York Times
2344:
2342:New York Times
2334:
2333:
2329:
2328:
2308:
2298:
2297:External links
2295:
2294:
2293:
2288:978-0399576423
2287:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2223:
2164:
2138:
2119:
2087:
2061:
2030:
2009:(5): 639–650.
1985:
1954:
1924:
1893:
1882:(3): 498–507.
1866:
1847:
1811:
1786:
1753:
1733:
1703:
1673:
1664:
1634:
1596:
1589:
1564:
1557:
1536:
1521:
1502:
1493:
1474:
1450:
1439:
1412:
1381:
1360:978-0662015338
1359:
1337:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1248:
1242:
1233:
1230:Red Sand Beach
1227:
1221:
1218:Punaluʻu Beach
1215:
1209:
1203:
1197:
1191:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1155:
1148:
1134:
1131:
1122:
1119:
1113:
1110:
1072:
1069:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1019:
994:
984:
970:
967:Thermal weapon
964:
954:
944:
938:
923:
916:Sand animation
913:
910:
899:
892:
882:
872:
869:
859:
853:
847:
841:
831:
821:
811:
801:
779:
768:Air filtration
765:
755:
734:
733:
692:
690:
683:
677:
674:
660:in geology or
638:Western Desert
618:
615:
558:
555:
412:
389:
180:
177:
164:in the U.S.
111:
93:textural class
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4394:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4357:
4349:
4348:
4345:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4323:Littoral zone
4321:
4319:
4316:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4256:Bulkhead line
4254:
4253:
4251:
4247:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4218:
4214:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4197:Wave shoaling
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4172:Surge channel
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4146:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4035:Cliffed coast
4033:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4023:
4019:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3979:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3962:Shingle beach
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3896:
3891:
3884:
3874:
3873:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3634:Coastal plain
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3542:
3537:
3535:
3530:
3528:
3523:
3522:
3519:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3464:Geomorphology
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3388:
3378:
3374:
3371:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3320:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3308:Consolidation
3306:
3304:
3303:Frost heaving
3301:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3287:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3242:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3215:
3209:
3206:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3181:Geosynthetics
3179:
3177:
3176:Crushed stone
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3131:Cut-and-cover
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3035:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2981:
2978:
2971:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2900:Water content
2898:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2754:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2703:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2684:
2680:
2679:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2667:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2655:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2598:Sample series
2595:
2591:
2590:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2566:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2554:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2542:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2528:
2525:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2491:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2467:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2432:
2429:
2423:
2422:Investigation
2419:
2415:
2410:
2406:
2399:
2394:
2392:
2387:
2385:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2330:
2324:
2322:
2315:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2290:
2284:
2280:
2275:
2274:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2227:
2219:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2168:
2153:
2149:
2142:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2123:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2097:
2091:
2075:
2071:
2065:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2034:
2025:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1989:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1958:
1942:
1938:
1937:The Economist
1934:
1928:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1897:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1870:
1863:
1859:
1856:
1851:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1829:New Scientist
1825:
1821:
1815:
1800:
1796:
1790:
1782:
1776:
1760:
1756:
1750:
1746:
1745:
1737:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1707:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1682:"Psammophile"
1677:
1668:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1638:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1600:
1592:
1590:9780787650155
1586:
1581:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1560:
1554:
1550:
1543:
1541:
1532:
1525:
1518:
1514:
1511:
1506:
1497:
1481:
1477:
1475:9780387900711
1471:
1468:. p. 1.
1467:
1463:
1462:
1454:
1448:
1443:
1427:
1423:
1416:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1385:
1366:
1362:
1356:
1349:
1348:
1341:
1325:
1321:
1314:
1310:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1212:Particle size
1210:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1182:Dry quicksand
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1130:
1128:
1118:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1098:, which is a
1097:
1093:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1054:
1049:
1046:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1002:
998:
995:
992:
988:
985:
982:
978:
977:Media filters
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
958:
955:
952:
948:
945:
942:
939:
935:
931:
927:
924:
921:
917:
914:
911:
908:
904:
900:
897:
893:
890:
886:
883:
880:
876:
873:
870:
867:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
835:
832:
829:
825:
822:
819:
815:
812:
809:
805:
802:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
780:
777:
773:
769:
766:
763:
759:
756:
753:
750:
749:
745:
740:
730:
727:
719:
709:
705:
699:
698:
693:This section
691:
687:
682:
681:
673:
671:
666:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
639:
634:
627:
623:
614:
610:
606:
604:
600:
599:Sahara Desert
595:
592:
587:
585:
581:
577:
572:
568:
564:
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
466:is a sand or
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
428:
426:
423:resistant to
422:
418:
410:
402:
397:
393:
387:
312:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
289:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
254:
250:
249:particle size
246:
238:
234:
230:
226:
221:
214:
210:
206:
202:
197:
190:
185:
176:
174:
170:
165:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
127:
123:
119:
117:
109:
105:
101:
96:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
67:
63:
59:
46:
39:
35:
30:
26:
22:
4300:
4187:Volcanic arc
4075:Feeder bluff
3982:River mouths
3947:Raised beach
3942:Pocket beach
3870:
3841:Tidal island
3831:Strand plain
3776:Natural arch
3484:Biogeography
3479:Hydrogeology
3469:Soil science
3449:Geochemistry
3208:Infiltration
3136:Cut and fill
3079:Soil nailing
2945:Permeability
2910:Bulk density
2858:
2627:Inclinometer
2550:Ram sounding
2435:
2350:
2341:
2320:
2314:"Sand"
2303:
2278:
2257:. Retrieved
2240:
2236:
2226:
2181:
2177:
2167:
2155:. Retrieved
2151:
2141:
2122:
2110:. Retrieved
2099:
2090:
2078:. Retrieved
2064:
2052:. Retrieved
2043:
2033:
2006:
2002:
1995:Liu, Jianguo
1988:
1976:. Retrieved
1967:
1957:
1945:. Retrieved
1936:
1927:
1915:. Retrieved
1906:
1896:
1879:
1875:
1869:
1850:
1838:. Retrieved
1827:
1814:
1802:. Retrieved
1798:
1789:
1763:. Retrieved
1743:
1736:
1724:. Retrieved
1715:
1706:
1694:. Retrieved
1685:
1676:
1667:
1655:. Retrieved
1646:
1637:
1625:. Retrieved
1608:
1599:
1578:
1567:
1548:
1530:
1524:
1505:
1496:
1484:. Retrieved
1464:. New York:
1460:
1453:
1442:
1430:. Retrieved
1415:
1403:. Retrieved
1394:
1384:
1372:. Retrieved
1346:
1340:
1328:. Retrieved
1320:"Sand types"
1313:
1292:Singing sand
1136:
1124:
1121:Case studies
1115:
1107:
1089:
1077:sandblasting
1074:
1058:
1050:
1041:
1026:
1012:sea anemones
947:Sandblasting
930:molding sand
926:Sand casting
903:sand castles
818:Persian Gulf
722:
716:January 2018
713:
702:Please help
697:verification
694:
667:
643:
611:
607:
596:
588:
578:, where the
560:
529:with a high
429:
406:
309:
286:
266:
242:
237:igneous rock
166:
120:
97:
72:
71:
38:Idehan Ubari
25:
4338:River plume
4152:Steep coast
4125:Rocky shore
4120:Rip current
4000:River delta
3972:Wash margin
3967:Storm beach
3957:Shell beach
3922:Beach wrack
3917:Beach ridge
3907:Beach cusps
3856:Tied island
3846:Tidal marsh
3569:Archipelago
3494:Archaeology
3218:Foundations
3191:Geomembrane
3074:Slurry wall
3013:Water table
2977:Interaction
2973:Structures
2960:Sensitivity
2757:Laboratory
2243:: 208–218.
2157:23 February
2054:12 February
2044:reuters.com
1917:9 September
1804:23 February
1795:"SAND WARS"
1549:Sand Mining
1405:9 September
1330:17 February
1318:Siim Sepp.
1262:Sand mining
1256:Sand island
1112:Manufacture
1045:marine life
1006:related to
907:beach buggy
894:Railroads:
776:microfibers
758:Agriculture
670:arenophiles
646:Quartz sand
591:flood plain
432:white sands
364: mm –
344: mm –
251:as used by
179:Composition
100:continental
58:Gobi Desert
4371:Categories
4266:Grain size
4240:Submersion
4217:Management
4202:Wind fetch
4162:Surf break
4080:Flat coast
4010:regressive
3796:Salt marsh
3654:Coral reef
3351:Mitigation
3333:Shear wave
3318:Earthquake
3313:Compaction
3298:Permafrost
3289:Phenomena/
3186:Geotextile
3111:Embankment
3101:Excavation
3038:Earthworks
2998:Vegetation
2993:Topography
2915:Thixotropy
2905:Void ratio
2888:Properties
2786:Hydrometer
2531:Piezometer
2451:Core drill
2184:(6): 440.
1947:14 October
1820:Simon Ings
1765:19 October
1696:27 January
1647:WorldAtlas
1306:References
1286:Sand theft
1004:cnidarians
808:Geotextile
786:reef tanks
662:sharp sand
520:glauconite
496:glauconite
476:weathering
460:New Mexico
425:weathering
283:Archimedes
267:sand grain
253:geologists
223:Sand from
199:Sand from
167:Sand is a
148:, such as
4225:Accretion
4207:Wind wave
4167:Surf zone
4022:Processes
3995:Mouth bar
3952:Recession
3932:Beachrock
3851:Tide pool
3781:Peninsula
3669:cliff-top
3556:Landforms
3474:Hydrology
3454:Petrology
3342:analysis
3340:Landslide
3245:Mechanics
3156:Track bed
3141:Fill dirt
3126:Terracing
2699:Trial pit
2514:Statnamic
2499:Load test
2370:- Reuters
2178:Materials
2003:One Earth
1775:cite book
1617:0971-751X
1609:The Hindu
1374:11 August
1280:Sandstorm
1274:Sandstone
1224:Quicksand
1200:Oil sands
1096:quicksand
1037:Sand Wars
798:shellfish
790:aragonite
571:sediments
551:gemstones
504:magnetite
488:magnetite
468:sandstone
436:limestone
401:Santorini
142:Caribbean
138:shellfish
126:aragonite
4356:Category
4182:Undertow
4135:Sea foam
4130:Sea cave
4030:Blowhole
3872:Windwatt
3731:Headland
3579:Avulsion
3504:Agrology
3393:software
3291:problems
3121:Causeway
3096:Landfill
3023:Subgrade
2940:Porosity
2935:Cohesion
2253:Archived
2218:28773560
2130:Archived
2112:28 April
2101:ABC News
2080:28 April
2048:Archived
1978:26 March
1972:Archived
1941:Archived
1911:Archived
1858:Archived
1834:Archived
1832:: 28–9.
1759:Archived
1720:Archived
1690:Archived
1657:10 April
1651:Archived
1621:Archived
1573:"Sahara"
1513:Archived
1480:Archived
1432:29 March
1426:Archived
1399:Archived
1365:Archived
1324:Archived
1268:Sand rat
1133:See also
1103:hydrogel
1053:dredging
1029:concrete
1016:mesoglea
997:Zoanthid
987:Tayammum
951:abrasive
941:Sandbags
909:drivers.
866:proppant
850:Concrete
772:gas mask
760:: Sandy
752:Abrasion
580:feldspar
543:crystals
524:basaltic
516:Chlorite
512:obsidian
492:chlorite
484:granitic
472:feldspar
403:, Greece
213:hematite
191:, India)
173:concrete
154:selenite
104:tropical
4306:shingle
4286:granule
4271:boulder
4249:Related
4145:peresyp
4055:Current
3990:Debouch
3899:Beaches
3866:Waituna
3861:Tombolo
3771:Mudflat
3766:Machair
3756:Isthmus
3676:Estuary
3619:Channel
3444:Geology
3416:SVSlope
3226:Shallow
3146:Grading
3084:Tieback
3028:Subsoil
3018:Bedrock
3008:Topsoil
3003:Terrain
2796:R-value
2759:testing
2509:Dynamic
2436:in situ
2434:Field (
2209:5456819
2186:Bibcode
2106:Reuters
2011:Bibcode
1726:4 April
1716:NPR.org
1627:9 April
1486:9 March
1100:colloid
1071:Hazards
1001:benthic
991:Islamic
957:Silicon
937:metals.
934:foundry
828:beaches
816:in the
782:Aquaria
650:granite
603:equator
576:granite
567:weather
557:Sources
547:garnets
537:, have
531:olivine
508:basalts
480:erosion
448:organic
421:mineral
379:⁄
369:⁄
359:⁄
349:⁄
339:⁄
329:⁄
319:⁄
260:⁄
211:with a
189:Chennai
81:mineral
62:Estonia
40:, Libya
36:in the
4296:pebble
4291:gravel
4281:cobble
3826:Strait
3806:Skerry
3761:Lagoon
3746:Island
3701:Fundus
3604:Bodden
3426:Plaxis
3421:UTEXAS
3411:SVFlux
3401:SEEP2D
3253:Forces
3106:Trench
3054:Gabion
2864:Gravel
2504:Static
2323:
2285:
2259:29 May
2216:
2206:
1840:29 May
1751:
1615:
1587:
1555:
1472:
1357:
1008:corals
875:Mortar
654:gneiss
584:quartz
561:Rocks
500:gypsum
464:Arkose
452:gypsum
417:quartz
409:silica
271:gravel
229:quartz
209:quartz
150:gypsum
130:
116:quartz
108:silica
85:gravel
66:Hawaii
4177:Swash
4140:Shoal
3821:Stack
3811:Sound
3801:Shoal
3751:Islet
3736:Inlet
3726:Hapua
3691:Fjord
3686:Fjard
3681:Firth
3629:Coast
3624:Cliff
3599:Bight
3574:Atoll
3406:STABL
2879:Loess
2842:Types
2364:- BBC
2358:- BBC
1968:Wired
1368:(PDF)
1351:(PDF)
1158:Beach
1127:Dubai
885:Paint
856:Glass
834:Brick
794:coral
762:soils
617:Study
563:erode
498:, or
444:shell
440:coral
305:flour
233:chert
134:coral
75:is a
34:dunes
32:Sand
4377:Sand
4311:silt
4301:sand
4276:clay
4005:mega
3816:Spit
3786:Reef
3716:Gulf
3664:Dune
3659:Cove
3614:Cape
3584:Ayre
3231:Deep
2874:Loam
2869:Peat
2859:Sand
2854:Silt
2849:Clay
2834:Soil
2536:Well
2283:ISBN
2261:2019
2214:PMID
2159:2023
2114:2022
2082:2022
2056:2019
1980:2015
1949:2009
1919:2017
1842:2019
1806:2023
1781:link
1767:2019
1749:ISBN
1728:2018
1698:2016
1659:2019
1629:2019
1613:ISSN
1585:ISBN
1553:ISBN
1531:Sand
1488:2021
1470:ISBN
1434:2019
1407:2017
1376:2014
1355:ISBN
1332:2020
1081:dust
1010:and
838:clay
796:and
676:Uses
658:grus
539:iron
527:lava
510:and
478:and
442:and
301:Silt
275:silt
205:Utah
160:and
152:and
136:and
89:silt
73:Sand
3791:Ria
3721:Gut
3711:Geo
3706:Gat
3594:Bay
3116:Cut
2425:and
2245:doi
2204:PMC
2194:doi
2019:doi
1884:doi
1125:In
844:Cob
706:by
652:or
565:or
458:in
311:ISO
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