757:
described "Chinese-speaking" Hui
Muslims in China as Sinophone Muslims as opposed to Uyghur Muslims, who speak Turkic languages; Patricia Schiaini- Vedani and Lara Maconi distinguished between Tibetan writers who write in the Tibetan script and "Chinese-language", or Sinophone, Tibetan writers. Even though the main purpose of these scholars' use of the term is denotative, their underlying intent is to clarify contrast by naming: in highlighting a Sinophone Chinese American literature, Wong exposes the anglophone bias of scholars and shows that American literature is multilingual; Crossley, Rawski, and Lipman emphasize that Muslims in China have divergent languages, histories, and experiences; Schiaini- Vedani and Maconi suggest the predicament of Tibetan writers who write in the "language of the colonizer" and whose identity is bound up with linguistic difference. (2013:8)
710:"Sinophone" operates as a calque on "Francophone", as the application of the logic of Francophonie to the domain of Chinese extraterritorial speech. But that analogy is sure to hiccup, like all analogies, at certain points. Some, but not all, Francophone regions are populated by descendants of French emigrants, as virtually all of Sinophonia (I think) is populated by descendants of Chinese emigrants. Other regions, the majority in both area and population, are Francophone as a result of conquest or enslavement. That might be true of some areas of China too, but in a far more distant past. And at another level, the persistence of French had to do with the exportation of educational protocols by the Grande Nation herself, something that wasn't obviously true of the Middle Kingdom in recent decades but now, with the Confucius Institutes, is perhaps taking form. (2012)
860:
1569:
1153:
591:. Barmé (2008) explained the "Sinophone world" as "one consisting of the individuals and communities who use one or another—or, indeed, a number—of China-originated languages and dialects to make meaning of and for the world, be it through speaking, reading, writing or via an engagement with various electronic media." Shih (2004:29) noted, "By 'sinophone' literature I mean literature written in Chinese by Chinese-speaking writers in various parts of the world outside China, as distinguished from 'Chinese literature'—literature from China."
1491:
1309:
1257:
1803:
1621:
1829:
1725:
3109:
1777:
1413:
1699:
1517:
1387:
1361:
1465:
1231:
1127:
1751:
1335:
1647:
1179:
1283:
1205:
1595:
1543:
1439:
1673:
42:
756:
for largely denotative purposes to mean "Chinese-speaking" or "written in
Chinese". Sau-ling Wong used it to designate Chinese American literature written in "Chinese" as opposed to English ("Yellow"); historians of the Manchu empire such as Pamela Kyle Crossley, Evelyn S. Rawski, and Jonathan Lipman
1004:
comprise nearly a quarter of the country's population and have traditionally been highly influential in the country's economic sector. While
Mandarin is the variant of Chinese used in Chinese-language schools, speakers of Hokkien form a plurality in the ethnic Chinese population and Cantonese serves
894:
of five countries and territories. While
Chinese is a group of related languages rather than a single language itself, the governments of nearly all nations and territories where it is official simply designate the ambitious "Chinese" to refer to the official variant used in administration and
846:
The
Sinophone encompasses Sinitic-language communities and their expressions (cultural, political, social, etc.) on the margins of nations and nationalness in the internal colonies and other minority communities in China as well as outside it, with the exception of settler colonies where the
2048:
2247:
1032:
and
Western countries. Besides standard Mandarin, Cantonese is the only other Chinese language that is widely taught as a foreign language, in part due to the global economic importance of Hong Kong and its widespread presence in significant Overseas Chinese communities.
718:
was the theme of an international conference organized by
Christopher Lupke, President of the Association of Chinese and Comparative Literature, and hosted by Peng Hsiao-yen, Senior Researcher in the Institute of Chinese Literature and Philosophy,
2056:
978:
among the
Chinese diaspora is usually dependent on various factors, mostly the ancestral region of the dominant Chinese group and official language policy of the country of residence. In Southeast Asia, Cantonese and
2243:
993:
amongst most ethnic
Chinese in the region. In Western countries with large ethnic Chinese populations, more established Chinese communities use Cantonese, although Mandarin is increasingly spoken by newer arrivals.
2935:
127:
is the most commonly spoken variety of the
Chinese language today, with over 1 billion total speakers (approximately 12% of the world population), of which about 900 million are native speakers, making it the
743:
and increasing usage. Authors currently use it in at least two meanings, the general sense of "Chinese-speaking", and the academic "Chinese-speaking, especially in areas where it is a minority language."
1019:
With the economic and political rise of the Sinophone world since the latter half of the 20th century, particularly China itself starting in the 1980s, Mandarin Chinese has increasingly become a popular
1024:
throughout the world. While not as widespread as a standard foreign language at the scale of English, French, Spanish, or German, student enrollment rates and courses in Mandarin have rapidly grown in
3084:
2810:
2102:
850:
The Sinophone world refers to Sinitic-language cultures and communities born of colonial and postcolonial histories on the margins of geopolitical nation-states all across the world. (Cambria 2012)
2877:
3094:
3050:
3038:
2970:
2911:
2867:
2822:
2697:
885:
2923:
2855:
3089:
3067:
1046:
estimates the total number of Sinophones at about 1.4 billion worldwide as of 2020, the vast majority (1.3 billion) of whom are native speakers. The most spoken branch of Chinese is
2755:
1905:
1000:
is the only country outside of the Chinese-speaking world that permits the usage of Chinese as a medium of instruction. This is largely influenced by the fact that
82:). Academic writers often use the term Sinophone in two definitions: either specifically "Chinese-speaking populations where it is a minority language, excluding
3026:
1962:
2748:
2533:
Shih, Shu-mei (2005), "Sinophone Articulations Across the Pacific", Ostasiatisches Seminar: Chinese Diasporic and Exile Experience, Universität Zürich.
2390:
2955:
2901:
2800:
3113:
2977:
2741:
2428:
673:
129:
2965:
2862:
133:
2960:
2918:
2845:
2930:
1058:) with 85 million speakers (84 million native). Other branches of the Chinese language subgroup with over 2 million speakers include:
975:
914:
694:
to mean both "Chinese-speaking, especially in a region where it is a minority language" and "all Chinese-speaking areas, including
806:"a person who speaks one or more of the Sinitic or Chinese language(s) either natively or by adoption, a Chinese-speaking person."
2478:
640:
2348:
2329:
2307:
2149:
1972:
588:
602:
as "the Mainland, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Indonesia and the U.S." Coulombe and Roberts (2001:12) compared students of
2442:
Keen, Ruth (1988), "Information Is All That Counts: An Introduction to Chinese Women's Writing in German Translation",
2417:
2034:
2022:
2119:
2341:
Atlas of Languages of Intercultural Communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas: Vol I: Maps. Vol II: Texts
2558:
2103:
The Teaching and Learning of Chinese as a Second or Foreign Language: The Current Situation and Future Directions
482:
362:
308:
188:
2663:
Tsu, Jing (2010), "Sinophonics and the Nationalization of Chinese", in Jing Tsu and David Der-wei Wang, eds.,
1014:
902:
580:
376:
202:
2405:
98:" or generally "Chinese-speaking areas, including where it is an official language". Many authors use the
2387:
3140:
3135:
2425:
2317:
631:
950:
and Chinese-speaking communities are found worldwide, with the most sizable concentrated in much of
2426:
The French-as-a-second-language learning experience of anglophone and allophone university students
1574:
575:"seems to have been coined separately and simultaneously on both sides of the Pacific" in 2005, by
2893:
2649:
2366:
2906:
2783:
2718:
1909:
828:
703:
56: Countries and regions where Chinese is not native but an official or educational language
27:
2705:, a term for countries in East and Southeast Asia that have been influenced by Chinese culture
2138:
Cantonese as a Second Language: Issues, Experiences, and Suggestions for Teaching and Learning
3074:
664:
meaning "French-speaking, especially in a region where two or more languages are spoken" and
2684:
2490:
Review of Shih Shu-mei's Visuality and Identity: Sinophone Articulations across the Pacific
984:
748:, one of the leading academic authorities on Sinophone scholarship, summarized treatments.
75:
1101:
Below is a table of the Chinese-speaking population in various countries and territories:
8:
2733:
936:
859:
2773:
2728:
2638:
2608:
2574:
2523:
2447:
1021:
614:
599:
518:
510:
344:
336:
2479:
The '中国通' or the 'Sinophone'? Towards a political economy of Chinese language teaching
1906:
The '中国通' or the 'Sinophone'? Towards a political economy of Chinese language teaching
670:"French-speaking, collectively, the French-speaking world" (commonly abbreviating the
2829:
2713:
2708:
2344:
2325:
2303:
2145:
2030:
2018:
1968:
1001:
906:
891:
832:
466:
458:
292:
284:
79:
666:
2987:
2947:
2653:
2630:
2600:
2566:
2548:
2515:
2373:
1496:
1314:
1047:
947:
932:
898:
608:
407:
233:
161:
124:
71:
3000:
660:
576:
2552:
2432:
2394:
1091:
939:
respectively), where it is the dominant variety of Chinese rather than Mandarin.
863:
Countries and territories in which a variety of Chinese is an official language.
847:
Sinophone is the dominant vis-à-vis their indigenous populations. (Shih 2011:716)
836:
767:
740:
720:
651:
603:
2634:
2570:
2723:
2510:
Shih, Shu-Mei (2004), "Global Literature and the Technologies of Recognition",
2467:
1808:
1029:
967:
951:
619:
442:
268:
165:
83:
789:
541:
3129:
3005:
2489:
2165:
1922:
1834:
1075:
1067:
989:
955:
775:
110:
2519:
3045:
2850:
2817:
2471:
2412:
1730:
1083:
1063:
745:
584:
414:
240:
2648:
Tsu, Jing (2010), "Epilogue: Sinophone Writings and Chinese Diaspora", in
2604:
3079:
3062:
1940:
1626:
1095:
1087:
1079:
1071:
1051:
824:
679:
565:
99:
20:
2642:
2612:
2578:
2500:
2451:
2300:
Chinese Business in Malaysia: Accumulation, Accommodation and Ascendance
556:
3057:
3021:
2792:
2702:
2698:
List of countries and territories where Chinese is an official language
2685:
Globalizing Modern Chinese Literature: Sinophone and Diasporic Writings
2527:
1782:
1059:
1042:
886:
List of countries and territories where Chinese is an official language
800:"Speaking one or more Sinitic or Chinese language(s), Chinese-speaking"
783:
561:
35:
2411:(CNRTL) Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales (2012),
1988:
1050:
with 1.12 billion speakers (921 million native speakers), followed by
546:
74:-speaking", typically refers to an individual who speaks at least one
41:
2995:
2805:
2141:
1704:
1522:
1418:
1392:
1366:
1158:
1055:
1025:
963:
924:
920:
910:
622:
sense) "without English or French as their mother tongue", including
537:
475:
301:
153:
149:
145:
114:
87:
31:
2459:
2083:
1756:
1470:
1236:
1132:
997:
820:
551:
496:
428:
322:
254:
118:
50: Countries and regions with a native Chinese-speaking majority
2538:
Visuality and Identity: Sinophone Articulations across the Pacific
2584:
Shih, Shu-mei, Chien-hsin Tsai, and Brian Bernards, eds. (2013),
2269:
2140:. Routledge Studies in Applied Linguistics. Manhattan, New York:
1652:
1340:
1184:
980:
658:
to mean "Chinese-speaking" in 1983 (CNRTL 2012) – differentiates
2625:
Tsu, Jing (2011), "New Area Studies and Languages on the Move",
2339:
Wurm, Stephen A.; Mühlhäusler, Peter; Tryon, Darrell T. (2011).
598:
usages. Ruth Keen (1988:231) defined "Sinophone communities" in
1961:
Shih, Shu-mei; Tsai, Chien-hsin; Bernards, Brian (2013-01-22).
1678:
1288:
1262:
1210:
971:
959:
909:(ROC, Taiwan) as well as one of the four official languages of
699:
141:
95:
682:
contrasted the English lexicon lacking an inclusive term like
2367:
International Conference on "Global Sinophonia" 「全球華語文化」國際研討會
1600:
1548:
1444:
928:
695:
157:
137:
91:
62: Countries with significant Chinese-speaking minorities
2439:
Working Paper Series 01–02, Vancouver Centre of Excellence.
16:
Person who speaks at least one variety of Sinitic languages
2763:
2324:. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge University Press.
1005:
as the common language, especially in commerce and media.
954:
and some countries in the Western World, particularly the
774:, without the academic distinction of speakers outside of
2437:
Research on Immigration and Integration in the Metropolis
515:
501:
487:
341:
327:
313:
109:
to mean the Chinese-speaking world itself (consisting of
2543:
Shih, Shu-Mei (2010), "Theory, Asia and the Sinophone",
819:
has different meanings among scholars in fields such as
2244:"Population by language, sex and urban/rural residence"
727:全球華語文化 (literally "global Chinese-language culture").
463:
447:
433:
419:
289:
273:
259:
245:
2338:
2089:
1994:
136:. It is the official variety of Chinese in mainland
2687:
conference, Harvard University, December 6–8, 2007.
2399:
Chinese Studies Association of Australia Newsletter
2071:
752:In the past few years, scholars have used the term
2591:Thornber, Karen (June 2012), Review of Jing Tsu's
1981:
1987:Republic of Singapore Independence Act 1965 (
3127:
2424:Coulombe, Diane and William L. Roberts (2001), "
1960:
639:, but records 1900 as the earliest usage of the
2670:Tsu, Jing and David Der-wei Wang, eds. (2010),
2015:Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania
674:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
2749:
987:, with the former traditionally serving as a
879:
381:
367:
207:
193:
895:education, with the exception of Singapore.
671:
160:and is also widely spoken among significant
1884:Sum of 'Chinese' and 'Chinese and English'.
787:is one of the few dictionaries that define
2756:
2742:
2672:Global Chinese Literature: Critical Essays
2665:Global Chinese Literature: Critical Essays
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2049:"National Identity and Minority Languages"
2046:
1989:No. 9 of 1965, 1985 Rev. Ed.
901:is the sole official language of both the
854:
735:In the two decades since the English word
626:defined as "Cantonese/Mandarin speakers".
612:"with English as their mother tongue" and
2204:
2202:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2135:
1008:
915:official languages of the United Nations
858:
842:Recent definitions of the word include:
571:Edward McDonald (2011) claimed the word
40:
2658:Cambridge History of Chinese Literature
1066:with 49 million (48.4 million native),
1062:with 82 million (81.7 million native),
942:
723:2012) on "Global Sinophonia" – Chinese
130:most spoken first language in the world
3128:
2764:Geographical distribution of languages
2316:
2183:
2120:Chinese Progresses as a World Language
2000:
560:"speaker of a certain language" (e.g.
517:
465:
343:
291:
152:is the official variety of Chinese in
2737:
2494:Modern Chinese Literature and Culture
2381:Modern Chinese Literature and Culture
2359:
2297:
2077:
117:) or the distribution of the Chinese
2620:Sound and Script in Chinese Diaspora
2593:Sound and Script in Chinese Diaspora
2586:Sinophone Studies: A Critical Reader
2376:Sound and Script in Chinese Diaspora
2090:Wurm, Mühlhäusler & Tryon (2011)
2012:
1964:Sinophone Studies: A Critical Reader
810:
594:Nevertheless, there are two earlier
2017:. Facts on File. pp. 289–290.
761:
45:Map of the Chinese-speaking world.
13:
2597:Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies
2463:, 16th edition, SIL International.
2460:Ethnologue: Languages of the World
1866:Sum of 'Cantonese' and 'Mandarin'.
168:as well as the rest of the world.
19:For the extinct mammal genus, see
14:
3152:
2678:
2540:, University of California Press.
3108:
3107:
2488:Lu, Sheldon Hsiao-peng (2007), "
2250:from the original on 19 May 2016
2136:Wakefield, John C., ed. (2019).
1827:
1801:
1775:
1749:
1723:
1697:
1671:
1645:
1619:
1593:
1567:
1541:
1515:
1489:
1463:
1437:
1411:
1385:
1359:
1333:
1307:
1281:
1255:
1229:
1203:
1177:
1151:
1125:
739:was coined, it has gone through
2262:
2158:
2129:
2112:
2107:Frontiers of Education in China
2095:
1878:
1869:
1860:
516:
502:
488:
393:Han language-speaking person(s)
342:
328:
314:
2406:Cambria Sinophone World Series
2372:Bachner, Andrea (July 2011), "
2290:
2040:
2006:
1954:
1933:
1915:
1898:
976:usage and varieties of Chinese
464:
448:
434:
420:
382:
368:
290:
274:
260:
246:
208:
194:
1:
2418:Trésor de la langue française
2408:, University of Pennsylvania.
1967:. Columbia University Press.
1941:"On the Phone | Printculture"
1891:
1036:
1015:Chinese as a foreign language
581:Australia National University
2588:, Columbia University Press.
2559:The Concept of the Sinophone
2553:10.1080/13688790.2010.525213
913:. It is also one of the six
868: Sole official language
650:for "English-speaking". The
171:
7:
2691:
2635:10.1632/pmla.2011.126.3.693
2622:, Harvard University Press.
2571:10.1632/pmla.2011.126.3.709
2457:Lewis, M. Paul ed. (2009),
1908:, School of Asian Studies,
923:is an official language of
10:
3157:
2477:McDonald, Edward (2011), "
2386:Barmé, Geremie R. (2005),
2166:"Summary by language size"
1923:"Summary by language size"
1012:
903:People's Republic of China
883:
880:Chinese-speaking countries
874: Co-official language
766:"Chinese-speaking" is the
646:for "French-speaking" and
134:second most spoken overall
121:outside of Greater China.
25:
18:
3103:
3014:
2986:
2946:
2892:
2838:
2791:
2782:
2769:
2444:Modern Chinese Literature
2013:West, Barbara A. (2009).
730:
672:
632:Oxford English Dictionary
530:
509:
495:
481:
474:
457:
441:
427:
413:
406:
401:
397:
389:
375:
361:
356:
335:
321:
307:
300:
283:
267:
253:
239:
232:
227:
223:
215:
201:
187:
183:
178:
2483:China Heritage Quarterly
2468:Sinophone and Sinosphere
2365:Academia Sinica (2012),
1853:
1575:Northern Mariana Islands
363:Traditional Chinese
357:Alternative Chinese name
189:Traditional Chinese
26:Not to be confused with
2894:Germanic-speaking world
2557:Shih, Shu-mei (2011), "
2520:10.1632/003081204X22828
2298:Gomez, Terence (2012).
855:Geographic distribution
377:Simplified Chinese
203:Simplified Chinese
2784:Romance-speaking world
2719:List of link languages
2536:Shih, Shu-mei (2007),
2499:Saussy, Haun (2012), "
2466:Mair, Victor (2012), "
2404:Cambria Press (2012),
1910:University of Auckland
1875:Figures for Cantonese.
1094:with 4.6 million, and
876:
829:comparative literature
759:
712:
704:Chinese-speaking world
550:"China; Chinese" (cf.
107:Chinese-speaking world
64:
3075:Uralic-speaking world
2988:Celtic-speaking world
2948:Slavic-speaking world
2605:10.1353/jas.2012.0005
2374:Review of Jing Tsu's
2343:. Walter de Gruyter.
1009:As a foreign language
862:
750:
708:
635:does not yet include
78:(that is, one of the
44:
2545:Postcolonial Studies
943:Overseas communities
725:Quanqiu Huayu Wenhua
2101:Yang, Gong et al.,
2059:on November 2, 2012
1090:with 10.3 million,
1082:with 22.1 million,
1078:with 37.3 million,
1070:with 48.2 million,
985:variants of Chinese
654:– which first used
219:Han language circle
2774:Language geography
2729:Language geography
2618:Tsu, Jing (2010),
2431:2016-08-26 at the
2393:2011-06-14 at the
2360:General references
1904:McDonald, Edward.
1546:
1098:with 2.5 million.
877:
600:Chinese literature
503:cou1 hon3 jyu5 ze2
76:variety of Chinese
65:
3123:
3122:
2888:
2887:
2714:Dialect continuum
2709:Tangwang language
2599:, 72.1, 195–202.
2350:978-3-11-081972-4
2331:978-0-521-29653-3
2309:978-1-136-11226-3
2151:978-1-032-09316-1
2126:, 6 January 2021.
2124:Language Magazine
1974:978-0-231-52710-1
1929:. 3 October 2018.
1851:
1850:
1086:with 11 million,
1074:with 47 million,
1002:Malaysian Chinese
983:are the dominant
907:Republic of China
892:official language
833:language teaching
811:Academic meanings
690:, and thus using
534:
533:
526:
525:
483:Yale Romanization
408:Standard Mandarin
352:
351:
309:Yale Romanization
234:Standard Mandarin
80:Sinitic languages
3148:
3141:Cultural regions
3136:Chinese language
3111:
3110:
2789:
2788:
2758:
2751:
2744:
2735:
2734:
2654:Kang-i Sun Chang
2629:126.3, 693–700.
2565:126.3, 709–718.
2354:
2335:
2313:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2240:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2172:. 3 October 2018
2162:
2156:
2155:
2133:
2127:
2116:
2110:
2099:
2093:
2087:
2081:
2075:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2055:. Archived from
2047:Kamila Ghazali.
2044:
2038:
2028:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1919:
1913:
1902:
1885:
1882:
1876:
1873:
1867:
1864:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1677:
1675:
1674:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1547:
1545:
1544:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1497:Marshall Islands
1495:
1493:
1492:
1469:
1467:
1466:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1365:
1363:
1362:
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1131:
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1128:
1104:
1103:
1054:(which includes
1022:foreign language
948:Overseas Chinese
873:
867:
762:General meanings
677:
676:
641:French loanwords
522:
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491:
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453:
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450:ts'ao Han-yu-che
437:
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371:
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162:Overseas Chinese
125:Mandarin Chinese
61:
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49:
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2433:Wayback Machine
2395:Wayback Machine
2388:On New Sinology
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2011:
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1202:
1178:
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1152:
1150:
1126:
1124:
1039:
1017:
1011:
945:
888:
882:
875:
871:
869:
865:
857:
837:postcolonialism
813:
768:literal meaning
764:
741:semantic change
733:
721:Academia Sinica
652:French language
449:
390:Literal meaning
329:hon3 jyu5 gyun6
275:
216:Literal meaning
174:
164:communities in
103:Sinophone world
70:, which means "
63:
59:
57:
53:
51:
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39:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3154:
3144:
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2724:Geolinguistics
2721:
2716:
2711:
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2700:
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2690:
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2679:External links
2677:
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2144:. p. 45.
2128:
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2092:, p. 698.
2082:
2080:, p. 185.
2070:
2039:
2035:978-1438119137
2024:978-0816071098
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2005:
2003:, p. 191.
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1013:Main article:
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1007:
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620:Quebec English
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476:Yue: Cantonese
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185:
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166:Southeast Asia
84:Mainland China
58:
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15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3153:
3142:
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2318:Norman, Jerry
2315:
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2302:. Routledge.
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2274:usa.ipums.org
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2118:Shao, Grace.
2115:
2109:, March 2020.
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990:lingua franca
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776:Greater China
773:
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577:Geremie Barmé
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489:chōu Honyúhjé
486:
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467:
462:
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446:
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435:ㄘㄠ ㄏㄢˋ ㄩˇ ㄓㄜˇ
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22:
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3095:Swahili list
3033:
2851:Francophonie
2671:
2664:
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2650:Stephen Owen
2626:
2619:
2596:
2592:
2585:
2562:
2544:
2537:
2511:
2505:Printculture
2504:
2501:On The Phone
2493:
2482:
2472:Language Log
2458:
2443:
2436:
2416:
2398:
2380:
2375:
2340:
2321:
2299:
2277:. Retrieved
2273:
2264:
2252:. Retrieved
2174:. Retrieved
2169:
2160:
2137:
2131:
2123:
2114:
2106:
2097:
2085:
2078:Gomez (2012)
2073:
2061:. Retrieved
2057:the original
2053:UN Chronicle
2052:
2042:
2014:
2008:
1996:
1983:
1963:
1956:
1945:. Retrieved
1943:. 2012-11-30
1935:
1926:
1917:
1900:
1880:
1871:
1862:
1731:South Africa
1100:
1041:
1040:
1018:
996:
988:
946:
919:
897:
889:
841:
816:
814:
803:
797:
788:
782:
780:
771:
765:
753:
751:
746:Shu-mei Shih
736:
734:
724:
715:
713:
709:
691:
687:
683:
667:Francophonie
665:
659:
655:
647:
643:
636:
630:
628:
623:
613:
607:
595:
593:
585:Shu-mei Shih
572:
570:
555:
545:
535:
421:cāo Hànyǔzhě
415:Hanyu Pinyin
241:Hanyu Pinyin
123:
106:
102:
67:
66:
3080:Esperantujo
3063:Malay world
3046:Persosphere
2291:Works cited
2270:"IPUMS USA"
2063:4 September
1783:Timor Leste
1627:Philippines
1096:Pu-Xian Min
931:(alongside
825:linguistics
680:Haun Saussy
661:Francophone
644:Francophone
609:anglophones
566:Francophone
544:stems from
315:Honyúhgyuhn
100:collocation
21:Sinophoneus
3130:Categories
3090:Tamil list
3058:Indosphere
3022:Arab world
2956:Macedonian
2907:Anglophone
2801:Portuguese
2793:Iberophone
2703:Sinosphere
2279:2019-03-31
2254:13 October
2246:. UNdata.
2176:2021-03-07
2170:Ethnologue
1947:2022-10-19
1927:Ethnologue
1892:References
1839:3,268,546
1119:Reference
1113:Percentage
1043:Ethnologue
1037:Statistics
937:Portuguese
784:Wiktionary
716:Sinophonia
688:Sinophonia
684:Sinophonie
648:Anglophone
624:sinophones
615:allophones
562:Anglophone
443:Wade–Giles
269:Wade–Giles
261:ㄏㄢˋ ㄩˇ ㄑㄩㄢ
36:Sinosphere
3034:Sinophone
2978:Ukrainian
2874:Romanian
2806:Lusophone
2413:sinophone
2142:Routledge
1709:1,791,216
1705:Singapore
1523:Mauritius
1475:6,642,000
1419:Lithuania
1397:2,200,000
1393:Indonesia
1371:6,264,700
1367:Hong Kong
1267:1,290,095
1159:Australia
1056:Cantonese
964:Australia
925:Hong Kong
921:Cantonese
911:Singapore
817:sinophone
815:The word
798:adjective
790:sinophone
772:sinophone
754:Sinophone
737:sinophone
692:Sinophone
656:Sinophone
637:Sinophone
596:sinophone
573:sinophone
542:Sinophone
538:etymology
247:Hànyǔquān
179:Sinophone
172:Etymology
154:Hong Kong
150:Cantonese
146:Singapore
115:Singapore
88:Hong Kong
68:Sinophone
32:Sinophile
28:Sinophobe
3114:Category
2692:See also
2674:, Brill.
2667:, Brill.
2660:704–712.
2656:, eds.,
2643:41414142
2613:23214370
2579:41414144
2452:41490637
2429:Archived
2391:Archived
2320:(1988).
2248:Archived
1757:Thailand
1471:Malaysia
1237:Cambodia
1133:Anguilla
1110:Speakers
1088:Min Dong
1048:Mandarin
998:Malaysia
899:Mandarin
821:Sinology
714:English
618:(in the
606:between
552:Sinology
497:Jyutping
429:Bopomofo
323:Jyutping
255:Bopomofo
119:diaspora
2966:Russian
2902:English
2863:Italian
2830:Catalan
2818:Spanish
2528:1261482
2322:Chinese
2029:eBook:
1912:, 2010.
1813:162,698
1761:111,866
1653:Romania
1556:0.0009%
1449:411,482
1341:Finland
1185:Austria
1163:877,654
1092:Huizhou
1084:Min Bei
1064:Min Nan
981:Hokkien
933:English
72:Chinese
2961:Polish
2919:German
2846:French
2641:
2611:
2577:
2526:
2450:
2347:
2328:
2306:
2148:
2033:
2021:
1991:), s7.
1971:
1832:
1806:
1780:
1754:
1728:
1702:
1683:70,722
1679:Russia
1676:
1650:
1624:
1598:
1579:14,862
1572:
1520:
1494:
1468:
1442:
1426:0.002%
1416:
1390:
1364:
1345:12,407
1338:
1312:
1289:Cyprus
1286:
1263:Canada
1260:
1234:
1211:Belize
1208:
1182:
1156:
1130:
1107:Region
974:. The
972:France
970:, and
960:Canada
872:
866:
835:, and
731:Usages
700:Taiwan
604:French
557:-phone
554:) and
144:, and
142:Taiwan
96:Taiwan
94:, and
60:
54:
48:
3006:Welsh
2996:Irish
2931:Dutch
2839:Other
2639:JSTOR
2609:JSTOR
2575:JSTOR
2524:JSTOR
2448:JSTOR
1854:Notes
1790:0.07%
1738:0.02%
1735:8,533
1712:57.7%
1686:0.05%
1660:0.01%
1657:2,039
1631:6,032
1601:Palau
1582:23.4%
1549:Nepal
1527:2,258
1478:23.4%
1452:97.0%
1445:Macao
1374:88.9%
1348:0.23%
1322:0.03%
1293:1,218
1244:0.05%
1241:6,530
1215:2,600
1189:9,960
1140:0.06%
1076:Xiang
1068:Hakka
929:Macau
696:China
547:Sino-
158:Macau
138:China
92:Macau
34:, or
3068:list
3051:list
3039:list
3027:list
2971:list
2936:list
2924:list
2912:list
2878:list
2868:list
2856:list
2823:list
2811:list
2652:and
2627:PMLA
2563:PMLA
2512:PMLA
2345:ISBN
2326:ISBN
2304:ISBN
2256:2015
2146:ISBN
2065:2013
2031:ISBN
2019:ISBN
1969:ISBN
1845:2017
1842:1.0%
1819:2011
1816:0.3%
1793:2004
1767:2010
1764:0.2%
1741:1996
1715:2010
1689:2010
1663:2011
1637:2000
1634:0.4%
1611:2005
1608:1.8%
1585:2000
1559:2011
1533:2011
1530:0.2%
1507:1999
1504:0.2%
1481:2016
1455:2001
1429:2011
1403:2000
1400:1.0%
1377:2016
1351:2018
1325:2006
1299:2011
1296:0.1%
1273:2016
1270:3.7%
1247:2008
1221:2010
1218:0.8%
1195:2001
1192:0.1%
1169:2016
1166:3.8%
1143:2001
1116:Year
1028:and
1026:East
935:and
927:and
804:noun
781:The
698:and
629:The
589:UCLA
583:and
536:The
383:操汉语者
369:操漢語者
156:and
132:and
113:and
2631:doi
2601:doi
2567:doi
2561:",
2549:doi
2516:doi
2503:",
2492:",
2485:25.
2481:",
2470:",
2435:",
2379:",
1787:511
1605:331
1553:242
1080:Gan
1072:Jin
1052:Yue
917:.
770:of
706:".
686:or
678:).
587:of
579:of
568:).
540:of
511:IPA
459:IPA
337:IPA
285:IPA
209:汉语圈
195:漢語圈
105:or
3132::
2637:.
2607:.
2595:,
2573:.
2522:.
2401:3.
2397::
2272:.
2185:^
2168:.
2122:,
2105:,
2051:.
1925:.
1501:79
1423:64
1060:Wu
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827:,
823:,
793::
778:.
702:,
564:,
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2757:e
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2645:.
2633::
2615:.
2603::
2581:.
2569::
2551::
2530:.
2518::
2507:.
2496:.
2474:.
2454:.
2421:.
2383:.
2369:.
2353:.
2334:.
2312:.
2282:.
2258:.
2179:.
2154:.
2067:.
2037:.
2027:.
1977:.
1950:.
1319:1
1137:7
719:(
38:.
23:.
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