1232:(London: Longmans, Greens and Co., 1936), p. 272. Temperley's translation of the Emperor's comment is quite accurate. An alternative translation from the original published document follows: "We have on our hands a sick manâa very sick man: it will be, I tell you frankly, a great misfortune if, one of these days, he should slip away from us, especially before all necessary arrangements were made." Source: Parliamentary Papers. Accounts and Papers: Thirty-Six Volumes: Eastern Papers, V. Session 31 January â 12 August 1854, Vol. LXXI (London: Harrison and Son, 1854), doc. 1, p. 2.
20:
516:, the illness metaphor is used more directly, with the empire described as "Suffering From Overdose of Exaggerated Modernism in Socialist Reform Ideas", and "the danger for the patient lay in the fact that too many quacks and ignorant specialists were contending for the right to be admitted to the bedside and administer nostrums."
302:
The condition of
Austria at the present moment is not less threatening in itself, though less alarming for the peace of the world, than was the condition of Turkey when the Tsar Nicholas invited England to draw up with him the last will and testament of the 'sick man of Europe.' It is, indeed, hardly
256:
Different interpretations existed between the two countries on the "Eastern
Question" by the time of the Crimean War. The British Ambassador G. H. Seymour agreed with Tsar Nicholas's diagnosis, but he very deferentially disagreed with the Tsar's recommended treatment of the patient; he responded,
261:
Your
Majesty is so gracious that you will allow me to make one further observation. Your Majesty says the man is sick; it is very true; but your Majesty will deign to excuse me if I remark, that it is the part of the generous and strong man to treat with gentleness the sick and feeble
444:
saying: "If
Germany does not want to become the 'sick man of Europe' once again, it must now courageously turn its attention to the growth sectors of tomorrow instead of fearfully spending billions to preserve yesterday's energy-intensive industries."
236:(1879–1939) gave the date for the first conversation as 9 January 1853, like Goldfrank. According to Temperley, Seymour in a private conversation had to push the Tsar to be more specific about the Ottoman Empire. Eventually, the Tsar stated,
560:'s perceived weakness in confronting it), political scientist Aleksandar ÄokiÄ said in 2023 that the "sick man of Europe" moniker "seem fitting for Putinâs Russia." While acknowledging the term itself to be simplistic, ÄokiÄ stated that:
200:
in
September 1833. In his own writing, Metternich said he had argued against this characterization. Conventionally, foreign minister Metternich was opposed to the characterization of the Ottoman Empire as "sick man of the
589:
due to industrial strife and poor economic performance compared with other
European countries. Some observers consider this era to have started with the devaluation of the pound in 1967, culminating with the so-called
594:
of 1978â79. At different points throughout the decade, numerous countries such as Italy, Spain, Portugal, France, and Greece were cited by the
American business press as being "on the verge of sickness" as well.
1556:
436:
as a "revival" from the country's previous "sick man" status. However, when
Germany was experiencing economic issues again in the 2020s, concerns about the "sick man" characterisation reemerged, with
572:
and commonly overused term coming back to haunt its place of origin aside, Putinâs Russia has decidedly found itself in a military, economic, political, demographic, and even conceptual dead end."
1489:
252:
We have a sick man on our hands, a man gravely ill, it will be a great misfortune if one of these days he slips through our hands, especially before the necessary arrangements are made.
229:, reported that Nicholas I of Russia described the Ottoman Empire as "a sick manâa very sick man", a "man who has fallen into a state of decrepitude", and a "sick man ... gravely ill".
482:
describing it as "the real sick man of Europe". This refers to Italy's structural and political difficulties thought to inhibit economic reforms to relaunch economic growth. In 2018,
615:
1241:
Parliamentary Papers. Accounts and Papers: Thirty-Six
Volumes: Eastern Papers, V. Session 31 January â 12 August 1854, Vol. LXXI (London: Harrison and Son, 1854), doc. 1, p. 2.
1435:
1048:
Discourses of collective identity in
Central and Southeast Europe (1770-1945) : texts and commentaries. Vol. II, National romanticism, the formation of national movements
619:
2109:
2056:
626:. As of June 2023, the label is still frequently applied to the United Kingdom as inflation and price increases continue to generate economic uncertainty within the country.
1991:
134:
1564:
486:
was again referred to as the "sick man of Europe" following post-election deadlock. In 2008, in an opinion piece criticizing the country's approach to economic reform,
603:
98:
in the early 20th century, the term has been applied to other states. In modern usage, the term has faced criticism due to its origins and arguable over-usage.
896:
232:
There has been some degree of debate about the source of the quotation, which often relies on historical documents held or communicated personally. Historian
719:
was called the "sick man of Europe" due to its recession and lacklustre growth, in a time when virtually all other European countries had recovered from the
623:
130:
475:
was at risk of becoming "the sick man of Europe who has proved unable to keep in step as soon as he reached the first milestone on the road to wellâbeing."
1769:
1408:
1354:
1327:
1534:
1381:
1914:
1807:
541:
144:
is most commonly referred to as the 'Sick Man of Europe' due to its consistently stagnant economy and in particular, its industrial base, since the
1515:
1692:
87:
806:
2086:
1646:
599:
2226:
2221:
2211:
1790:
1356:
World War I: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection [5 volumes]: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection
46:
1721:
921:
1968:
244:
should come to a perfectly good understanding ... and that neither should take any decisive step of which the other is not apprized .
49:
are listed as the directors of the reorganisation. The caricature satirized the impoverished state of the Ottoman economy at the time.
1932:
2052:
1878:
371:
was characterized as the "sick man of Europe," due to a combination of economic issues and a fading optimism since the country was
2216:
2206:
213:" of the time, have seen Metternich's foreign policy as aligned with Nicholas, including the policy towards the Ottoman Empire.
1861:
1418:
1391:
1364:
1337:
1310:
1210:
1056:
868:
426:). It continued to be used in the early 2000s, and as Germany slipped into recession in 2003. In contrast, a 2016 article by
394:
referred to France as the "new sick man of Europe". This label was reaffirmed in January 2014 by European newspapers such as
344:
437:
106:
454:
61:
that is experiencing economic difficulties, social unrest or impoverishment. It is most famously used to refer to the
1808:"CRANE DIAGNOSES RUSSIA'S AILMENT; She Is Suffering From Overdose of Exaggerated Modernism in Socialist Reform Ideas"
95:
585:
was sometimes characterized as the "sick man of Europe", first by commentators, and later at home by critics of the
197:
1519:
586:
2016:
761:
355:
After the demise of the Ottoman Empire, writers have described many countries as the "sick men" of Europe or the
240:
Turkey seems to be falling to pieces, the fall will be a great misfortune. It is very important that England and
1761:
1254:(London: Longmans, Greens and Co., 1936), p. 272; cites: F.O. 65/424. From Seymour, No. 87 of February 21, 1853.
2201:
1579:
401:
222:
125:(IMF). Since the mid-2010s and into the 2020s, the term being used for Britain began to see a resurgence after
2236:
117:
experienced significant deindustrialization, coupled with high inflation and industrial unrest â such as the
1542:
289:
argued that neither Nicholas nor Seymour completed the epithet with the prepositional phrase "of Europe".
2036:
319:
The author of this article can be seen to be using the term to point to a second "sick man" of Europe, the
2196:
553:
122:
423:
406:. They justified this with France's high unemployment, weak economic growth and poor industrial output.
2162:
1264:
1080:
607:
598:
In the summer of 2017, the United Kingdom was again referred to as the "sick man of Europe" due to the
384:
68:
1897:
1743:
1603:
1137:
270:
The 'sickliness' of Turkey obsessed Nicholas during his reign. What he really said was omitted in the
2191:
2186:
1051:. BalĂĄzs TrencsĂŠnyi, Michal KopeÄek. Budapest: Central European University Press. 2007. p. 368.
720:
312:
91:
34:
2231:
946:
634:
286:
418:
was often labeled with this term because of its economic problems, especially due to the costs of
37:
of the Ottoman Empire. The empire's value is estimated at ÂŁ5 million (ÂŁ695 million in 2023).
2078:
657:
as a candidate for the new "sick man of Europe" in 1997. This is due to political instability in
654:
1671:
1383:
Gallipoli Victoria Cross Hero: The Price of Valour- The Triumph and Tragedy of Hugo Throssell VC
1329:
Germany at War: 400 Years of Military History [4 volumes]: 400 Years of Military History
2168:
732:
549:
372:
193:
185:
1712:
658:
513:
42:
807:"All the people, places, and things called the 'sick man of Europe' over the past 160 years"
694:
591:
528:
419:
332:
170:
118:
71:
8:
488:
271:
209:, becoming the "sick man of the Danube". Other historians, evaluating the conservative "
1471:
1463:
1074:
1028:
1020:
993:"From Adrianople to MĂźnchengrätz: Metternich, Russia, and the Eastern Question 1829â33"
972:
340:
294:
831:
274:
from a mistaken sense of decorum. He said not the 'sick man' but the "bear dies ⌠the
1857:
1815:
1475:
1455:
1414:
1387:
1360:
1333:
1306:
1272:
1206:
1145:
1062:
1052:
1032:
1012:
874:
864:
630:
441:
320:
304:
145:
19:
2110:"Finland emerges as the 'new sick man of Europe' as euro's worst performing economy"
971:
Vitzthum von Eckstädt, Karl Friedrich; Reeve, Henry; Taylor, Edward Fairfax (1887).
422:
after 1990, which were estimated to amount to over âŹ1.5 trillion (statement of
2161:
1447:
1004:
742:
737:
686:
233:
181:
83:
25:
1300:
1200:
1008:
858:
709:
308:
206:
114:
897:"'Britain is fast becoming the sick man of Europe' â experts debate Brexit data"
771:
184:, had described Turkey as "sick" or "sick man" during his meeting with Austrian
2134:
1676:
1169:
776:
705:
582:
565:
557:
505:
391:
241:
110:
102:
101:
Throughout the 1960s to the 1980s, the term was also most notably used for the
79:
75:
62:
38:
30:
1791:"Op-Ed: Italy, the 'sick man of Europe', tries to administer its own medicine"
303:
within the range of probability that another twelvemonth should pass over the
2180:
1950:
1819:
1459:
1276:
1149:
1114:
1094:
1016:
878:
670:
662:
532:
433:
210:
1066:
977:. University of Michigan. London, Longmans, Green & co. pp. 29â30.
690:
428:
380:
376:
1046:
569:
458:
336:
226:
78:
is considered to be the first to use the term "Sick Man" to describe the
1620:
1024:
992:
2012:
1467:
646:
637:, led to a number of countries closing their borders to UK air travel.
536:
339:
to underestimate the Ottoman Empire, leading in part to the disastrous
1969:"Why does Britain have the worst inflation in the G7? - BBC Newsnight"
606:. The term was used frequently by the early 2020s with regards to the
356:
1992:"'Sick man of Europe': UK cut off over fears about new COVID strain"
1563:(in German). Frankfurter Allgemeine. 28 January 2014. Archived from
1451:
1915:"Tories turning UK into 'sick man of Europe', says top party donor"
1883:
708:
was the "sick man of Europe" by entitling an event focusing on the
701:
675:
508:
in 1917 was described as the "Sick Man of Europe" in an edition of
343:. However, the "sick man" eventually collapsed after defeat in the
292:
The first appearance of the phrase "sick man of Europe" appears in
202:
2013:"Western Press Review: Milosevic And The New 'Sick Man Of Europe'"
82:
in the mid-19th century. The characterization existed during the "
1840:
Kremlin Rising: Vladimir Putin's Russia and the End of Revolution
922:"The German problem? It's an analogue country in a digital world"
716:
525:
Kremlin Rising: Vladimir Putin's Russia and the End of Revolution
415:
180:), seeking to expand into parts of the Ottoman Empire during the
141:
970:
682:
650:
611:
520:
368:
126:
58:
1879:"An empire on its deathbed can still cause pain and suffering"
156:
industrialised economies compared to the pre-pandemic level.
483:
472:
478:
In May 2005, this title was again attributed to Italy, with
1597:
493:
279:
275:
1302:
Collision of Empires: The War on the Eastern Front in 1914
947:"GDP â International Comparisons: Key Economic Indicators"
148:. This has been demonstrated by Germany having the lowest
1647:"Angela Merkel and the revival of the sick man of Europe"
1109:
1107:
149:
863:. citing Eckstädt, 1887. Boston: Brill. pp. 68â69.
153:
1410:
Fighting Nazi Occupation: British Resistance 1939-1945
1104:
681:
In July 2009, the pejorative was given by EurActiv to
1842:(Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books, 2007), pp. 179â176.
1176:. 2007. EncyclopĂŚdia Britannica Online. 19 Apr. 2007.
832:"Exhibitions & Learning online â British Battles"
665:
that rocked the Balkan region from 1991 until 2001.
629:
The term was also more literally applied during the
311:
a catastrophe unmatched in modern history since the
1951:"UK doomed without Brexit rethink, warns City boss"
1933:"UK set to be sick man of Europe, says Tory backer"
523:has also been referred to as such in the 2007 book
1711:
1672:"Germany: The return of the 'sick man' of Europe?"
1854:America alone: the end of the world as we know it
1189:(London: Longmans, Greens and Co., 1936), p. 272.
542:America Alone: The End of the World as We Know It
2178:
1559:[France seeks advice from Peter Hartz].
769:
86:" in diplomatic history, which also referred to
492:also used the term to describe Italy, as did a
1713:"Italy's populists are Juncker's big headache"
974:St. Petersburg and London in the years 1852â64
770:Thomas, Ryland; Williamson, Samuel H. (2024).
754:
205:" because this could lead to his country, the
1507:
804:
466:
1532:
894:
399:
282:but even musk will not long keep him alive."
645:Swedish Diplomat and former Prime Minister
248:And then, closer to the attributed phrase:
2053:"Greece to appear 'sick man' at EU summit"
1557:"Frankreich holt sich Rat von Peter Hartz"
1436:"Planning and Economic Progress in France"
121:â including having to seek loans from the
1989:
1644:
1516:"Does Market Turmoil Change the Outlook?"
1198:
852:
850:
848:
712:, "The EU: the real sick man of Europe?"
581:Throughout the late 1960s and 1970s, the
350:
65:whilst they were in a state of decline.
57:" is a label given to a state located in
2071:
1990:Mey, Gerhard; Makori, Ben (2020-12-21).
1709:
1433:
1379:
33:in front of a poster that announces the
18:
1690:
1577:
1533:Finkenzeller, Karin (21 January 2014).
805:Karaian, Jason; Sonnad, Nikhil (2019).
633:after a new strain of coronavirus, the
622:within the Conservative party, and the
512:from that year. In the 1917 article by
29:, dated june 6 , 1896. It shows Sultan
2179:
2132:
2079:"The EU: the real sick man of Europe?"
1513:
1352:
1298:
990:
890:
888:
845:
90:of the Ottoman Empire in terms of the
1876:
1851:
1669:
1406:
1326:Ph.D, David T. Zabecki (2014-10-28).
1305:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 67.
1294:
1292:
1224:
1222:
1202:England and the Near East: The Crimea
1135:
1131:
1129:
1127:
856:
661:and its former territories caused by
345:Middle Eastern theatre of World War I
2107:
1580:"France: the New Sick Man of Europe"
1325:
986:
984:
829:
800:
798:
796:
794:
1434:Peterson, Wallace C. (April 1957).
885:
432:described the German economy under
13:
2227:21st century in the United Kingdom
2222:20th century in the United Kingdom
2212:19th century in the Ottoman Empire
2135:"Finland: The sick man of Europe?"
1877:ÄokiÄ, Aleksandar (19 July 2023).
1691:Hofmann, Paul (26 November 1972).
1537:[The sick man of Europe].
1289:
1219:
1124:
895:Branchflower, David (2017-07-24).
860:The Ottoman Crimean War, 1853-1856
14:
2248:
2154:
1353:Tucker, Spencer C. (2014-10-28).
981:
791:
576:
96:dissolution of the Ottoman Empire
1856:. Washington/D.C: Regnery Publ.
1645:Oltermann, Philip (2016-11-19).
1518:. Morgan Stanley. Archived from
1514:Berner, Richard (2 March 2007).
1199:Temperley, Harold (2019-05-29).
997:The International History Review
768:"consistent series" supplied in
383:described France as such to the
326:
2163:"Sick Man of Europe, The"
2126:
2101:
2089:from the original on 2022-07-02
2059:from the original on 2023-05-03
2045:
2030:
2017:Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty
2005:
1983:
1961:
1943:
1925:
1907:
1891:
1870:
1845:
1832:
1800:
1784:
1772:from the original on 2009-12-20
1762:"Italy: The sick man of Europe"
1754:
1736:
1724:from the original on 2022-12-10
1703:
1693:"Spreading Malaise Vexes Italy"
1684:
1670:BĂśhme, Henrik (1 August 2023).
1663:
1638:
1613:
1571:
1549:
1526:
1482:
1427:
1400:
1373:
1346:
1319:
1257:
1244:
1235:
1192:
1179:
1174:Britannica Student Encyclopedia
1162:
1087:
1039:
762:Gross Domestic Product deflator
678:as "a new sick man of Europe".
587:third Wilson/Callaghan ministry
175:
135:industrial disputes and strikes
2217:Politics of the United Kingdom
2207:Politics of the Ottoman Empire
1561:Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
964:
939:
914:
823:
402:Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung
225:in 1853, in the run-up to the
216:
164:
1:
2133:Walker, Andrew (2016-02-29).
1898:"The real sick man of Europe"
1604:"The real sick man of Europe"
1578:Elliott, Larry (2014-01-14).
1407:Atkin, Malcolm (2015-09-18).
1380:Hamilton, John (2015-04-30).
772:"What Was the U.K. GDP Then?"
748:
640:
2108:Khan, Mehreen (2015-11-13).
1838:Peter Baker, Susan Glasser,
1142:The New York Review of Books
1119:The New York Review of Books
1113:de Bellaigue, Christopher. "
1099:The New York Review of Books
1093:de Bellaigue, Christopher. "
1009:10.1080/07075332.2011.555387
278:is dying ⌠you may give him
7:
1541:(in German). Archived from
1299:Buttar, Prit (2014-06-20).
1136:Bellaigue, Christopher de.
726:
554:Russian invasion of Ukraine
137:becoming more commonplace.
123:International Monetary Fund
10:
2253:
2037:"A new sick man of Europe"
1621:"The sick man of the euro"
1496:. 20 June 1953. p. 16
1138:"'The Sick Man of Europe'"
409:
307:without bringing upon the
107:lost its superpower status
92:balance of power in Europe
1535:"Der kranke Mann Europas"
1252:England and the Near East
1230:England and the Near East
1187:England and the Near East
991:Ĺ edivĂ˝, Miroslav (2011).
616:ongoing industrial action
499:
362:
331:Later, this view led the
198:Treaty of Hßnkâr İskelesi
159:
152:growth amongst the large
1490:"THE SICK MAN OF EUROPE"
951:House of Commons Library
830:Archives, The National.
548:In the aftermath of the
448:
424:Freie Universität Berlin
287:Christopher de Bellaigue
266:Temperley then asserts,
190:in office 1809â1848
16:Geopolitical designation
1971:. BBC News. 5 June 2023
834:. The National Archives
471:). In it, he says that
196:, two months after the
2169:Encyclopedia Americana
1115:The Sick Man of Europe
1079:: CS1 maint: others (
857:Badem, Candan (2010).
733:Ottoman decline thesis
618:in the public sector,
574:
568:of the imperialistic,
550:Wagner Group rebellion
467:
400:
351:Post-World War I usage
317:
284:
264:
254:
246:
50:
2202:Political pejoratives
1522:on 27 September 2007.
1265:"Austria in Extremis"
624:cost of living crisis
604:EU referendum results
562:
514:Charles Richard Crane
300:
268:
259:
250:
238:
131:cost-of-living crisis
22:
2237:Nicholas I of Russia
2055:. 11 December 2008.
1852:Steyn, Mark (2008).
1121:, 48:11, 2001-07-05.
1095:Turkey's Hidden Past
695:political corruption
592:Winter of Discontent
461:wrote a book titled
420:German reunification
119:Winter of Discontent
1957:. October 24, 2022.
1921:. October 24, 2022.
1766:The Daily Telegraph
1750:. 24 November 2005.
1744:"Addio, dolce vita"
1386:. Frontline Books.
1101:, 48:4, 2001-03-08.
764:figures follow the
704:suggested that the
489:The Daily Telegraph
414:In the late 1990s,
2197:Politics of Europe
1812:The New York Times
1697:The New York Times
1494:The New York Times
1269:The New York Times
1250:Harold Temperley,
1228:Harold Temperley,
1185:Harold Temperley,
715:In 2015 and 2016,
655:Slobodan MiloĹĄeviÄ
653:under the rule of
620:leadership turmoil
510:The New York Times
367:During the 1950s,
341:Gallipoli Campaign
313:downfall of Poland
295:The New York Times
221:British statesman
55:Sick man of Europe
51:
1863:978-0-89526-078-9
1420:978-1-4738-3377-7
1413:. Pen and Sword.
1393:978-1-84832-903-4
1366:978-1-85109-965-8
1339:978-1-59884-981-3
1312:978-1-78200-971-9
1212:978-0-429-64054-4
1058:978-1-4294-2547-6
870:978-90-04-19096-2
649:once referred to
631:COVID-19 pandemic
539:in his 2006 book
442:Moritz Schularick
390:A 2007 report by
385:National Assembly
321:Habsburg monarchy
305:House of Habsburg
186:Prince Metternich
146:Covid-19 pandemic
113:crumbled and its
2244:
2192:1830s quotations
2187:1830s neologisms
2173:
2165:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2130:
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2120:
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2181:Categories
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2119:2017-07-02
2023:2021-11-19
1998:2020-12-21
1825:2021-12-21
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674:described
659:Yugoslavia
647:Carl Bildt
641:Other uses
537:Mark Steyn
463:Sick Italy
440:President
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2114:Telegraph
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1884:Euronews
1770:Archived
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1589:19 April
1539:Die Zeit
1067:77601805
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783:July 15,
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