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during the past
Swedish War, deigned to manifest, and all-Russian state in such a strong and good fortune, and his people subjected to such fame over the whole world through his unique ruling led, as that to all quite known, by the name of all the Russian people to ask, so graciously to accept, following the example of others, from them title: the Father of the Fatherland, the Emperor of All Russia, Peter the Great ...
638:
841:
Imperial Russia, this service invested the tsars with political legitimacy; however, this was not its only intent. It was equally perceived as conferring a genuine spiritual benefit that mystically wedded sovereign to subjects, bestowing divine authority upon the new ruler. As such, it was similar in purpose to other
European coronation ceremonies from the
698:
On this 20th day of
October, after a consultation of the Senate together with the Holy Synod accepted the intention, to his majesty, in the testimony of a proper gratitude for his high grace and paternalism and effort which he for the welfare of state in all his glorious time of ruling and especially
567:
authority, stood at the center of the tsarist autocracy, with full power over the state and its people. The autocrat delegated power to persons and institutions acting on his orders, and within the limits of his laws, for the common good of all Russia. The tsar was metaphorically a father and all of
840:
While months or even years could pass between the initial accession of the sovereign and the performance of this ritual, church policy held that the monarch must be anointed and crowned according to the
Orthodox rite to have a successful tenure. As the church and state were essentially one in
1779:
693:
decided to award Peter with the title of
Emperor of all Russia with the following statement: "in the manner of the Roman Senate for the noble cause of emperors such titles publicly given them as a gift and into statues for the everlasting generations inscribed".
756:
On
February 16, 1722, Peter I issued the Decree of Succession by which he abolished the old custom of passing the throne to the direct descendants in the male line, but allowed the appointment of an heir through any decent person, at the will of the monarch.
2493:
Wortman, pg. 10. A political theory prevalent amongst many
Orthodox Russians into the twentieth century postulated that there were three "Romes": the first (Rome) had allegedly apostatized from true Christianity after the
1234:
1229:
579:
Furthermore, contrary to the movement for separation of church and state in West
European monarchies, the Russian Empire combined monarchy with the supreme authority on religious issues (see
2534:
301:
stated that "the
Emperor of All Russia is an autocratic and unrestricted monarch. To obey his supreme authority, not only out of fear but out of conscience as well,
3114:
3149:
1045:
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1697:
437:
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realized the need to secure the position of Russia within the
European states system, including the importance of securing recognition from the
270:
2531:
2017:
2582:
1636:
658:, Peter I brought up the question of the title of emperor to the Viennese court. In 1717, Peter I defended his right to use the title of
2386:
1805:
1798:
202:
17:
2414:, Sections "The Evolution of the Russian Aristocracy" and "Ivan IV". For crownings of earlier rulers of Muscovy, see Alfred Rambaugh
2319:
2239:
2191:
1050:
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2215:
1867:
821:
The modern coronation style, introducing "European-style" elements, replaced the previous "crowning" ceremony and was first used for
2944:
2464:
1801:, but the next day, after a nominal reign of only 18 hours, "Emperor Michael II" declined power, ending dynastic rule in Russia.
2119:
597:
The tsarist autocracy had many supporters within Russia. Major Russian advocates and theorists of the autocracy included writer
829:" and the successor to Byzantium, the Russian rite was designed to link its rulers and prerogatives to those of the so-called "
297:
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1999:
1972:
1877:
1709:
1113:
2295:
2095:
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926:
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594:. In Russia, the tsar owned a much higher proportion of the state (lands, enterprises, etc.) than did Western monarchs.
746:
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742:
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2514:; Moscow and "Holy Russia" were the third Rome, and (according to this doctrine) "a fourth there shall never be".
2143:
1763:
1473:
63:
1940:
Vienna initially refused to accept the title, but eventually conceded after the letter was deemed to be genuine.
281:) continued to be popularly used to refer to the emperor (or empress) until the monarchy was abolished in 1917.
2701:
2437:
Scenarios of Power: Myth and Ceremony in Russian Monarchy from Peter the Great to the Abdication of Nicholas II
1907:
872:, who would be the final emperor and empresses of Russia. The Russian Imperial regalia survived the subsequent
207:
31:
269:'s title under the accepted system of titling in Europe. The title was transformed from the previous title of
3119:
1366:
1602:
3053:
1902:
1897:
1789:
1417:
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1543:
771:
Coronations in the Russian Empire involved a highly developed religious ceremony in which the emperor was
3268:
2568:
1931:
In pre-1918 orthography: Императоръ и Самодержецъ Всероссійскій, Императрица и Самодержица Всероссійская.
857:
618:
2651:
2440:
68:
3273:
3237:
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3180:
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1254:
1180:
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621:. They all argued that a strong and prosperous Russia needed a strong tsar and that philosophies of
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2037:
2014:
1668:
792:
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231:
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30:"Empress of Russia" and "Empress of all the Russias" redirect here. For consorts of Russia, see
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92:
2506:; the second (Constantinople) had equally apostatized by accepting Roman Catholicism at the
2992:
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1548:
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776:
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1991:
The Anatomy of Revolution Revisited: A Comparative Analysis of England, France, and Russia
8:
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The full title of the emperor in the 20th century (Art. 37 of the Fundamental Laws) was:
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1989:
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1825:
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of the equality of the titles of tsar and emperor. Following his victory at the
3216:
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2784:
2530:, May 31, 1896. Quoted in Wortman, Introduction. See also Blech, Annalise,
2481:
2415:
1839:
869:
717:
immediately recognized the new title of the Russian monarch, followed by the
622:
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164:
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3211:
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1892:
877:
537:
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1819:
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822:
2411:
2332:
The Rebirth of Russian Democracy: An Interpretation of Political Culture
1065:
568:
his subjects were his children; this metaphor even appeared in Orthodox
83:
3124:
1767:
772:
2557:. By the Chancery of the Committee of Ministers, St. Petersburg. 1896.
2132:
Russia's Economic Transitions: From Late Tsarism to the New Millennium
998:
780:
564:
509:
485:
465:
461:
445:
409:
405:
349:
317:
864:. The last coronation service in Russia was held on 26 May 1896 for
572:, and is remembered in the common Russian expression "царь-батюшка"
3196:
3109:
2362:
Politics and culture in eighteenth-century Russia: collected essays
2015:"Chapter One On the Essence of Supreme Sovereign Power, Article 7."
842:
501:
413:
373:
337:
2308:
Russian Conservatism and Its Critics: A Study in Political Culture
2180:
Russian Conservatism and Its Critics: A Study in Political Culture
3058:
2084:
For Prophet and Tsar: Islam and Empire in Russia and Central Asia
2038:"On the Title of His Imperial Majesty and the State Coat of Arms"
1591:
861:
730:
637:
481:
473:
453:
417:
313:
852:(1713–1728, 1732–1917), Russian coronations were always held in
749:
in 1764. From then on, the Russian state was referred to as the
261:
The title originated in connection with Russia's victory in the
3232:
2108:
Negotiation in International Conflict: Understanding Persuasion
853:
784:
521:
497:
477:
469:
449:
325:
425:
369:
345:
2042:
Russian Imperial House: Official site of the Romanov Dynasty
2026:
Russian Imperial House: Official site of the Romanov Dynasty
983:
Younger brother of Sophia Alekseyevna, Feodor III and Ivan V
2959:
2257:
Conservative Thinkers: From John Adams to Winston Churchill
876:
and the Soviet period, and are currently on exhibit at the
560:
421:
341:
329:
266:
2060:
Russia and the USSR, 1855–1991: Autocracy and Dictatorship
2228:
Russian Path Dependence: A People with a Troubled History
1581:
Younger brother of Alexander I and Constantine Pavlovich
1522:
First Romanov King of Poland and Grand Prince of Finland
1287:
Daughter of Peter I and Catherine I, usurped the throne.
810:
overtones as the result of the influence of Ivan's wife
2518:, Chapter 1: Medieval Russia, Section "Ivan the Great".
247:[ɪm⁽ʲ⁾pʲɪˈratərɪsəmɐˈdʲerʐɨt͡sfsʲɪrɐˈsʲijskʲɪj]
673:
The title of Emperor of all Russia was introduced for
2465:"Museums of the Moscow Kremlin: ASSUMPTION CATHEDRAL"
709:
On November 2, 1721, Peter I accepted the title. The
236:
1815:
704:
Laws of the Russian Empire at Large. Vol.VI. No.3840
2532:The Russian Orthodox Church: History and Influence
2416:Rambaud on the Rise of the Grand Princes of Moscow
825:in 1724. Since tsarist Russia claimed to be the "
265:(1700–1721) and appeared as an adaptation of the
3260:
1797:Nicholas II abdicated in favour of his brother,
1226:Deposed as a baby, imprisoned and later murdered
987:Regarded as one of the greatest Russian monarchs
848:Even when the imperial capital was located at
814:, and the imperial ambitions of his grandson,
2945:
2576:
2555:Excerpts from Statesman's Handbook for Russia
2541:, University of Texas at Austin, 2008, pg. 9.
2364:. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. pp. 25–32.
2284:Dostoevsky the Thinker: A Philosophical Study
2204:Russian Politics and Society: An Introduction
1793:Emperors of Russia - lifespan age (1721–1918)
2590:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2158:, the University of California Press, 1977,
27:Title of Russian monarchs from 1721 to 1917
2952:
2938:
2583:
2569:
2278:
2276:
2251:
2249:
2247:
1994:. Cambridge University Press. p. 65.
806:), their coronation rituals assumed overt
203:Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia
2359:
2348:
1788:
636:
508:; hereditary Sovereign and ruler of the
2960:Russian imperial palaces and residences
2434:
2273:
2244:
1967:. Oxford University Press. p. 36.
1116:. Last of the direct male Romanov line.
795:had been crowned prior to the reign of
252:emperor and autocrat of all the Russias
14:
3261:
2384:
1868:His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery
760:
544:, and others, and others, and others.
298:Fundamental Laws of the Russian Empire
238:Imperator i Samoderzhets Vserossiyskiy
2933:
2564:
2054:
2052:
2050:
1987:
1960:
1878:Judicial system of the Russian Empire
1109:Grandson of Peter I via the murdered
791:to commence his reign. Although the
440:and others; Lord and Grand Prince of
245:
2134:, Cambridge University Press, 2003,
1858:Government reform of Peter the Great
1853:Digest of Laws of the Russian Empire
1808:for the continuation of leadership.
548:
227:Император и Самодержец Всероссийский
49:Император и Самодержец Всероссийский
2510:and had subsequently fallen to the
2388:Peter the Great: His Life and World
2156:Max Weber: An Intellectual Portrait
887:
271:tsar and grand prince of all Russia
24:
3238:Summer Palace of Empress Elisabeth
2334:, Harvard University Press, 1995,
2286:, Cornell University Press, 2002,
2106:Deborah Goodwin, Matthew Midlane,
2086:, Harvard University Press, 2006,
2047:
219:emperor and autocrat of all Russia
25:
3295:
2548:
1461:Son of Peter III and Catherine II
767:Coronation of the Russian monarch
3279:Government of the Russian Empire
3243:Summer Palace of Peter the Great
2259:, Transaction Publishers, 2005,
1888:Patriarch of Moscow and all Rus'
1863:Government reform of Alexander I
1848:Church reform of Peter the Great
1832:
1818:
1799:Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich
1778:
1758:Abdicated the throne during the
1719:
1708:
1662:
1651:
1601:
1590:
1542:
1531:
1483:
1472:
1427:
1416:
1365:
1354:
1307:
1296:
1253:
1242:
1190:
1179:
1136:
1125:
1075:
1064:
1008:
997:
925:
254:, was the official title of the
82:
62:
2521:
2487:
2471:
2457:
2428:
2405:
2378:
2324:
2310:, Yale University Press, 2007,
2300:
2220:
2196:
2182:, Yale University Press, 2007,
2172:
2148:
1934:
801:
590:Another key feature related to
96:1 November 1894 – 15 March 1917
3103:Outside the Russian Federation
2124:
2110:, Taylor & Francis, 2002,
2100:
2076:
2031:
2008:
1981:
1964:Nicholas II: Last of the Tsars
1954:
1925:
1908:State Council (Russian Empire)
1578:Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg
1519:Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg
747:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
208:Prince Karl Emich of Leiningen
32:List of Russian royal consorts
13:
1:
2482:Moscow Becomes the Third Rome
2360:Madariaga, Isabel de (2014).
1947:
1676:Алекса́ндр III Алекса́ндрович
1230:Mecklenburg-Brunswick-Romanov
312:By the Grace of God, We, NN,
3054:Beloselsky-Belozersky Palace
2435:Wortman, Richard S. (2006).
1903:Russian Constitution of 1906
1898:Rulers of Russia family tree
985:He ruled jointly with Ivan V
787:and formally blessed by the
7:
2206:, Pearson Education, 2001,
1811:
677:. After his victory in the
563:himself, the embodiment of
237:
10:
3300:
2652:Sviatoslav III of Vladimir
2441:Princeton University Press
2385:Massie, Robert K. (1991).
891:
858:Cathedral of the Dormition
764:
632:
552:
288:
29:
18:Emperor of all the Russias
3189:
3158:
3102:
3041:
2965:
2844:
2760:
2600:Grand princes of Vladimir
2598:
2044:. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
2028:. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
1806:List of leaders of Russia
1753:Son of Alexander III and
1733:Николай II Алекса́ндрович
1615:Алекса́ндр II Никола́евич
745:in 1745, and finally the
226:
196:
186:
160:
152:
144:
134:
124:
114:
109:
105:
101:
81:
77:
61:
54:
47:
39:
2697:Dmitry the Terrible Eyes
2592:List of Russian monarchs
1918:
1873:Imperial Crown of Russia
1773:Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
1703:Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
1696:Son of Alexander II and
1646:Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
1585:Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
1526:Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
1467:Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
1410:Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
1349:Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov
1224:Great-grandson of Ivan V
1022:Екатери́на I Алексе́евна
894:List of Russian monarchs
662:, using the letter from
615:Konstantin Pobedonostsev
581:Church reform of Peter I
284:
119:His/Her Imperial Majesty
40:Emperor and Autocrat of
2647:Yaroslav II of Vladimir
2296:Google Print, p.171-172
2282:James Patrick Scanlan,
2269:Google Print, pp. 84–86
2168:Google Print, p.356-358
793:grand princes of Moscow
685:in September 1721, the
516:and of others; Lord of
3042:Grand ducal residences
3023:Saint Michael's Castle
2846:Emperors of all Russia
1988:Stone, Bailey (2014).
1794:
1635:Son of Nicholas I and
707:
670:to support his claim.
644:
642:Regalia of the Emperor
576:("tsar-dear father").
546:
250:), also translated as
2998:Kamenny Island Palace
2657:Andrey II of Vladimir
2627:Vsevolod the Big Nest
2478:Moscow the Third Rome
2144:Google Print, p.27-28
1792:
1640:Nephew of Alexander I
696:
640:
310:
2993:Grand Kremlin Palace
2770:Ivan IV the Terrible
2637:Konstantin of Rostov
2617:Andrei I Bogolyubsky
2202:Catherine J. Danks,
1961:Ferro, Marc (1995).
1379:Екатерина Алексеевна
978:Son of Alexis I and
870:Alexandra Feodorovna
681:and the signing the
492:Master; and Lord of
372:and Grand Prince of
303:God himself commands
3223:Kolomenskoye Palace
3150:Skierniewice Palace
3074:Mikhailovsky Palace
2966:Imperial residences
2762:Tsars of all Russia
2737:Vasily II the Blind
2677:Dmitry of Pereslavl
2642:Yuri II of Vladimir
2632:Yuri II of Vladimir
2622:Mikhail of Vladimir
2516:A History of Russia
2508:Council of Florence
2320:Google Print, p.124
2240:Google Print, p.161
2230:, Routledge, 2005,
2192:Google Print, p.181
2120:Google Print, p.158
2072:Google Print, p.1-3
2062:, Routledge, 2006.
1760:February Revolution
1637:Alexandra Feodrovna
1381:Catherine the Great
1343:Nephew of Elizabeth
1341:Grandson of Peter I
850:St. Petersburg
761:Coronation ceremony
514:Mountainous Princes
258:from 1721 to 1917.
3269:Emperors of Russia
3079:New Michael Palace
3059:Constantine Palace
2742:Ivan III the Great
2682:Andrey of Gorodets
2672:Vasily of Kostroma
2537:2012-10-18 at the
2421:2012-02-06 at the
2344:Google Print, p.90
2330:Nicolai N. Petro,
2216:Google Print, p.21
2096:Google Print, p.77
2020:2018-09-05 at the
1795:
1698:Maria Alexandrovna
1576:Son of Paul I and
1556:Николай I Павлович
1517:Son of Paul I and
1497:Александр Павлович
1441:Па́вел I Петро́вич
1321:Пётр III Фёдорович
1170:Daughter of Ivan V
1089:Пётр II Алексеевич
980:Natalya Naryshkina
874:Russian Revolution
775:and invested with
715:Kingdom of Prussia
679:Great Northern War
652:Holy Roman Emperor
645:
629:were alien to it.
607:Konstantin Aksakov
599:Fyodor Dostoyevsky
506:Armenian provinces
490:northern countries
362:Chersonese Taurian
291:All-Russian nation
263:Great Northern War
125:First monarch
3256:
3255:
3248:Tsaritsyno Palace
3140:Mariinskyi Palace
2927:
2926:
2727:Dmitry of the Don
2702:Alexander of Tver
2612:Yuri I Dolgorukiy
2504:Eastern Orthodoxy
2500:Roman Catholicism
2398:978-0-517-06483-2
2154:Reinhard Bendix,
2130:Nicolas Spulber,
2082:Robert D. Crews,
2001:978-1-107-04572-9
1974:978-0-19-509382-7
1787:
1786:
1401:Wife of Peter III
812:Sophia Paleologue
739:Kingdom of France
735:Holy Roman Empire
719:Kingdom of Sweden
656:Battle of Poltava
627:liberal democracy
555:Tsarist autocracy
549:Tsarist autocracy
488:, and all of the
295:Article 1 of the
235:
215:
214:
135:Last monarch
69:Imperial Standard
16:(Redirected from
3291:
3274:Russian monarchy
3202:Catherine Palace
3181:Vorontsov Palace
3176:Massandra Palace
3069:Mariinsky Palace
3018:Petrovsky Palace
2983:Catherine Palace
2973:Alexander Palace
2954:
2947:
2940:
2931:
2930:
2837:
2722:Dmitry of Suzdal
2717:Ivan II the Fair
2712:Simeon the Proud
2667:Yaroslav of Tver
2662:Alexander Nevsky
2585:
2578:
2571:
2562:
2561:
2542:
2525:
2519:
2498:of 1054 between
2491:
2485:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2432:
2426:
2409:
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2382:
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2375:
2357:
2346:
2328:
2322:
2304:
2298:
2280:
2271:
2253:
2242:
2226:Stefan Hedlund,
2224:
2218:
2200:
2194:
2176:
2170:
2152:
2146:
2128:
2122:
2104:
2098:
2080:
2074:
2056:
2045:
2035:
2029:
2012:
2006:
2005:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1958:
1941:
1938:
1932:
1929:
1842:
1837:
1836:
1835:
1828:
1823:
1822:
1783:
1782:
1755:Maria Feodorovna
1723:
1713:
1712:
1666:
1656:
1655:
1605:
1595:
1594:
1546:
1536:
1535:
1504:23 December 1777
1487:
1477:
1476:
1455:17 November 1796
1431:
1421:
1420:
1398:17 November 1796
1392:17 November 1796
1369:
1359:
1358:
1328:21 February 1728
1311:
1301:
1300:
1274:29 December 1709
1257:
1247:
1246:
1238:
1194:
1184:
1183:
1164:15 February 1730
1140:
1130:
1129:
1079:
1069:
1068:
1054:
1012:
1002:
1001:
988:
969:
960:
929:
898:
897:
888:List of emperors
805:
804: 1462–1505
803:
705:
683:Treaty of Nystad
611:Nikolay Karamzin
273:. The old title
249:
244:
240:
230:
228:
181:Alexander Palace
177:Catherine Palace
86:
66:
50:
43:
37:
36:
21:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3289:
3288:
3284:Imperial titles
3259:
3258:
3257:
3252:
3207:Babolovo Palace
3185:
3154:
3098:
3094:Vladimir Palace
3084:Nicholas Palace
3037:
3013:Peterhof Palace
3008:Pavlovsk Palace
2988:Gatchina Palace
2978:Anichkov Palace
2961:
2958:
2928:
2923:
2840:
2835:
2756:
2687:Mikhail of Tver
2594:
2589:
2551:
2546:
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2539:Wayback Machine
2526:
2522:
2492:
2488:
2476:
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2423:Wayback Machine
2410:
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2391:. Wings Books.
2383:
2379:
2372:
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2329:
2325:
2306:Richard Pipes,
2305:
2301:
2281:
2274:
2255:Peter Viereck,
2254:
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2225:
2221:
2201:
2197:
2178:Richard Pipes,
2177:
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2058:Stephen J. Lee
2057:
2048:
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2022:Wayback Machine
2013:
2009:
2002:
1986:
1982:
1975:
1959:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1944:
1939:
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1930:
1926:
1921:
1883:Most Holy Synod
1838:
1833:
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1826:Monarchy portal
1824:
1817:
1814:
1777:
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1747:1 November 1894
1743:
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1693:1 November 1894
1687:1 November 1894
1686:
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1570:1 December 1825
1566:
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1508:1 December 1825
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1281:6 December 1741
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1221:6 December 1741
1218:28 October 1740
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1178:
1167:28 October 1740
1161:28 October 1740
1160:
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1157:7 February 1693
1154:
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1106:30 January 1730
1100:30 January 1730
1099:
1097:
1096:23 October 1715
1093:
1080:
1063:
1056:
1048:
1042:Wife of Peter I
1036:8 February 1725
1032:
1030:
1026:
1013:
996:
986:
984:
982:
977:
974:8 February 1725
971:2 November 1721
970:
964:
963:
961:
955:
952:8 February 1725
951:
949:
945:
941:Peter the Great
940:
930:
896:
890:
882:Kremlin Armoury
800:
769:
763:
706:
703:
675:Peter the Great
635:
557:
551:
442:Nizhny Novgorod
322:All the Russias
293:
287:
256:Russian monarch
242:
179:
175:
173:Peterhof Palace
171:
167:
148:2 November 1721
97:
95:
91:
73:
71:
57:
48:
41:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3297:
3287:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3217:English Palace
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3193:
3191:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3171:Livadia Palace
3168:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3106:
3104:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3089:Tauride Palace
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3033:Yelagin Palace
3030:
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3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
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2985:
2980:
2975:
2969:
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2826:
2821:
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2799:
2796:False Dmitry I
2792:
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2749:
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2692:Yuri of Moscow
2689:
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2549:External links
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2544:
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2528:New York Times
2520:
2486:
2470:
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2427:
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2219:
2195:
2171:
2147:
2123:
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2007:
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1980:
1973:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1933:
1923:
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1920:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1913:Table of Ranks
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1448:1 October 1754
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1437:
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1413:
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1399:
1396:
1393:
1386:
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1375:
1361:
1360:
1351:
1346:
1339:
1336:
1335:9 January 1762
1333:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1317:
1303:
1302:
1293:
1288:
1285:
1284:5 January 1762
1282:
1279:
1278:5 January 1762
1272:
1270:
1269:
1263:
1249:
1248:
1239:
1227:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1211:23 August 1740
1209:
1207:
1206:
1200:
1186:
1185:
1176:
1171:
1168:
1165:
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1155:
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1152:
1150:Анна Иоанновна
1146:
1132:
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1122:
1117:
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1101:
1094:
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1085:
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1018:
1004:
1003:
994:
989:
975:
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953:
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935:
921:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
902:
892:Main article:
889:
886:
835:Constantinople
765:Main article:
762:
759:
751:Russian Empire
727:United Kingdom
723:Ottoman Empire
711:Dutch Republic
701:
634:
631:
619:Pyotr Semyonov
603:Mikhail Katkov
592:patrimonialism
587:for details).
574:tsar-batyushka
553:Main article:
550:
547:
286:
283:
213:
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210:
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169:Moscow Kremlin
162:
158:
157:
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146:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
107:
106:
103:
102:
99:
98:
87:
79:
78:
75:
74:
67:
59:
58:
55:
52:
51:
45:
44:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3296:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3266:
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3249:
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3239:
3236:
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3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3166:Dulber Palace
3164:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
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3118:
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3111:
3108:
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3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3064:Marble Palace
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3049:Alexis Palace
3047:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3028:Winter Palace
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
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2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
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2968:
2964:
2955:
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2943:
2941:
2936:
2935:
2932:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2914:Alexander III
2912:
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2371:9781317881902
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1840:Russia portal
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1750:15 March 1917
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1690:13 March 1881
1689:
1683:10 March 1845
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1669:Alexander III
1665:
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1632:13 March 1881
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1626:13 March 1881
1622:29 April 1818
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1447:
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1430:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1412:(by marriage)
1411:
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1397:
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1382:
1377:
1376:
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990:
981:
976:
973:
967:
966:as an emperor
958:
954:
947:
942:
939:Пётр Вели́кий
937:
936:
934:
933:
928:
923:
922:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
899:
895:
885:
883:
879:
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871:
868:and his wife
867:
863:
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851:
846:
844:
838:
836:
832:
828:
824:
819:
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790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
768:
758:
754:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
733:in 1742, the
732:
728:
725:in 1739, the
724:
721:in 1723, the
720:
716:
712:
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695:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
671:
669:
665:
661:
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639:
630:
628:
624:
623:republicanism
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
595:
593:
588:
586:
585:caesaropapism
582:
577:
575:
571:
566:
562:
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545:
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531:
527:
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519:
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511:
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165:Winter Palace
163:
159:
156:15 March 1917
155:
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137:
133:
130:
127:
123:
120:
117:
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108:
104:
100:
94:
90:
89:Last to Reign
85:
80:
76:
70:
65:
60:
53:
46:
38:
33:
19:
3228:Pella Palace
3212:Catherinehof
3145:Likani Villa
2909:Alexander II
2889:Catherine II
2845:
2806:
2794:
2527:
2523:
2496:Great Schism
2489:
2473:
2459:
2436:
2430:
2407:
2387:
2380:
2361:
2331:
2326:
2307:
2302:
2283:
2256:
2227:
2222:
2203:
2198:
2179:
2174:
2155:
2150:
2131:
2126:
2107:
2102:
2083:
2078:
2059:
2041:
2033:
2025:
2010:
1990:
1983:
1963:
1956:
1936:
1927:
1893:Pauline Laws
1803:
1796:
1744:17 July 1918
1732:
1718:
1675:
1661:
1642:Assassinated
1629:2 March 1855
1614:
1608:Alexander II
1600:
1573:2 March 1855
1567:2 March 1855
1555:
1541:
1496:
1482:
1463:Assassinated
1440:
1426:
1378:
1372:Catherine II
1364:
1332:17 July 1762
1320:
1306:
1266:
1252:
1215:16 July 1764
1203:
1189:
1149:
1135:
1088:
1074:
1021:
1007:
965:
956:
938:
924:
878:Diamond Fund
847:
839:
820:
770:
755:
708:
697:
672:
664:Maximilian I
659:
646:
596:
589:
578:
573:
558:
538:Dithmarschen
392:; Prince of
311:
307:
296:
294:
278:
274:
260:
251:
218:
216:
197:Pretender(s)
88:
3219:in Peterhof
3135:Langinkoski
3120:Helsingfors
3003:Oranienbaum
2919:Nicholas II
2899:Alexander I
2859:Catherine I
2836:(co-rulers)
2480:. See also
1740:18 May 1868
1726:Nicholas II
1563:6 July 1796
1490:Alexander I
1395:9 July 1762
1338:9 July 1762
1233: [
1111:Tsesarevich
1103:18 May 1727
1049: [
1039:17 May 1727
1033:17 May 1727
1015:Catherine I
962:2 June 1682
948:9 June 1672
907:Reign start
866:Nicholas II
831:Second Rome
823:Catherine I
139:Nicholas II
93:Nicholas II
72:(1858–1917)
3263:Categories
3190:Historical
3125:Kachanivka
2904:Nicholas I
2824:Feodor III
2747:Vasily III
1948:References
1768:Bolsheviks
1549:Nicholas I
1407:(by birth)
1388:2 May 1729
1267:Елизаве́та
1055:(by birth)
1046:Skavronsky
827:Third Rome
668:Vasily III
524:; Duke of
520:; Heir of
510:Circassian
504:lands and
368:; Lord of
364:, Tsar of
360:, Tsar of
356:, Tsar of
352:, Tsar of
348:, Tsar of
289:See also:
191:Hereditary
161:Residences
42:all Russia
3159:In Crimea
3115:Białowież
2884:Peter III
2879:Elizabeth
2808:Vladislav
2802:Vasili IV
2790:Feodor II
1314:Peter III
1260:Elizabeth
957:as a tsar
910:Reign end
808:Byzantine
660:imperator
565:sovereign
542:Oldenburg
526:Schleswig
518:Turkestan
466:Beloozero
462:Yaroslavl
446:Chernigov
410:Samogitia
406:Semigalia
378:Lithuania
350:Astrakhan
232:romanized
187:Appointer
153:Abolition
145:Formation
3197:Annenhof
3130:Kadriorg
3110:Belweder
2864:Peter II
2775:Feodor I
2732:Vasily I
2535:Archived
2419:Archived
2018:Archived
1812:See also
1764:Executed
1345:Murdered
1082:Peter II
904:Lifespan
845:period.
843:medieval
797:Ivan III
781:anointed
702:—
534:Stormarn
530:Holstein
502:Kabardia
486:Mstislav
414:Belostok
402:Courland
382:Volhynia
374:Smolensk
338:Novgorod
334:Vladimir
318:Autocrat
279:tsaritsa
56:Imperial
2874:Ivan VI
2854:Peter I
2829:Peter I
2814:Michael
2752:Ivan IV
2412:Muscovy
1766:by the
1405:Ascania
1291:Romanov
1204:Иван VI
1197:Ivan VI
1174:Romanov
1120:Romanov
1058:Romanov
992:Romanov
932:Peter I
880:in the
862:Kremlin
860:in the
856:at the
816:Ivan IV
779:, then
777:regalia
773:crowned
731:Austria
648:Peter I
633:History
570:primers
482:Vitebsk
474:Obdoria
454:Polotsk
418:Karelia
398:Livland
394:Estland
390:Finland
386:Podolia
366:Georgia
358:Siberia
314:Emperor
234::
223:Russian
129:Peter I
110:Details
3233:Ropsha
2894:Paul I
2833:Ivan V
2819:Alexis
2707:Ivan I
2604:Moscow
2447:
2395:
2368:
2338:
2314:
2290:
2263:
2234:
2210:
2186:
2162:
2138:
2114:
2090:
2066:
1998:
1971:
1434:Paul I
1114:Alexei
916:Family
854:Moscow
789:church
785:chrism
737:, the
687:Senate
540:, and
522:Norway
500:, and
498:Kartli
494:Iberia
478:Kondia
470:Udoria
458:Rostov
450:Ryazan
438:Bolgar
434:Vyatka
354:Poland
326:Moscow
2785:Boris
2780:Irina
2512:Turks
1919:Notes
1237:]
1053:]
919:Image
913:Notes
783:with
743:Spain
691:Synod
426:Yugra
370:Pskov
346:Kazan
285:Title
115:Style
2869:Anna
2831:and
2602:and
2502:and
2445:ISBN
2393:ISBN
2366:ISBN
2336:ISBN
2312:ISBN
2288:ISBN
2261:ISBN
2232:ISBN
2208:ISBN
2184:ISBN
2160:ISBN
2136:ISBN
2112:ISBN
2088:ISBN
2064:ISBN
1996:ISBN
1969:ISBN
1804:See
1143:Anna
901:Name
741:and
729:and
713:and
689:and
625:and
617:and
583:and
561:tsar
559:The
512:and
430:Perm
422:Tver
342:Tsar
330:Kiev
316:and
277:(or
275:tsar
267:tsar
243:IPA:
217:The
837:).
833:" (
666:to
344:of
320:of
305:".
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2040:,
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1235:ru
1051:ru
884:.
818:.
802:r.
753:.
613:,
609:,
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601:,
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532:,
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380:,
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225::
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2467:.
2453:.
2425:.
2401:.
2374:.
2004:.
1977:.
1742:—
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1565:—
1506:—
1450:—
1390:—
1330:—
1276:—
1213:—
1159:—
1098:—
1031:—
968::
959::
950:—
799:(
528:-
221:(
34:.
20:)
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