69:
728:
856:
1036:
1161:
1106:
1046:
1096:
915:
1288:
668:
43:
792:
678:
614:
1151:
866:
973:
802:
738:
1225:
983:
925:
1215:
520:
A Russian diplomatic initiative to create a coalition against the
Ottoman Empire in the 1670s, with the Russian envoy to Rome, Paul Menzies, instructed to only accept documents containing the title "tsar", was unsuccessful, and it was not until 1685 that the papacy would begin addressing the Russian
431:
By the Grace of God, the Tsar and
Sovereign of all Russia and the Grand Prince of Vladimir, Moscow, Novgorod, Pskov, Smolensk, Tver, Yugorsk, Perm, Vyatka and Bulgar, and others, the Sovereign and Grand Prince of Novgorod of the Lower Land, and Chernigov, and Ryazan, Volotsk, Rzhev, Belyov, Rostov,
449:
to use the title was eventually given. In 1561, the patriarch referred to Ivan IV as "tsar and sovereign of
Orthodox Christians of the whole universe", likening him to a Byzantine emperor. In exchange for acceptance of the title of tsar, the papacy hoped to gain recognition of Roman supremacy; one
544:, Peter I brought up the question of the title of emperor to the Viennese court and the rank of Majesty, mentioning that even the Porte in Constantinople addressed the Russian ruler as Majesty, though this was rejected by Vienna. In 1717, Peter I defended his right to use the title of
68:
539:
realized the need to secure the position of Russia within the
European states system, including the importance of securing recognition from the Holy Roman Emperor of the equality of the titles of tsar and emperor. Following his victory at the
376:
Ivan, by the Grace of God, the
Sovereign of all Russia and the Grand Prince of Vladimir, and Moscow, and Novgorod, and Pskov, and Tver, and Yugorsk, and Perm, and Bulgar and others
2239:
17:
509:
was an elected ruler, giving him a lower status, which meant he had to secure recognition as both the legitimate ruler and tsar. Most
European powers and princes of the
418:
sent a letter to Vasily III requesting again an alliance against Poland and
Lithuania, where he spoke of the brotherly friendship between them and referred to Vasily as
841:
777:
345:
Princes and many other States and Lands of the East and West, and the North from Father and
Grandfather, and Heir, and Sovereign, and Possessor.
1548:
2172:
2095:
2056:
1882:
1811:
1747:
1658:
1594:
1448:
2306:
2223:
385:
in foreign correspondence and used the title in official documents. In diplomatic correspondence, the
Latinized version of his title
363:
183:
564:
urged Peter I to accept the titles of Father of the
Fatherland, All-Russian Emperor, and Peter the Great. On 2 November [
446:
286:
2233:
1519:
834:
548:, using the letter from Maximilian I to Vasily III to support his claim. Following Russia's victory against Sweden in the
463:
2040:
1395:
2272:
2206:
2131:
2015:
1983:
1958:
1933:
1908:
1866:
1795:
1770:
1731:
1706:
1681:
1642:
1617:
1578:
1432:
442:
1859:
Russian notions of power and state in a European perspective, 1462-1725: assessing the significance of Peter's reign
2299:
572:. Vienna initially refused to accept the title, but eventually conceded after the letter was deemed to be genuine.
530:
415:
1788:
A history of Russian law: from ancient times to the Council Code (Ulozhenie) of Tsar Aleksei Mikhailovich of 1649
846:
782:
2425:
2156:
2149:
Scenarios of power: myth and ceremony in Russian monarchy from Peter the Great to the abdication of Nicholas II
2079:
2072:
Scenarios of power: myth and ceremony in Russian monarchy from Peter the Great to the abdication of Nicholas II
1833:
727:
565:
441:
acceded the throne in 1533, when his father Vasily III died. On 16 January 1547, Ivan IV was the first to be
855:
501:(tsar), which was rejected by his Polish sponsors, who had long resisted the title of tsar. Eventually, the
1274:
1201:
2292:
1022:
2375:
191:
47:
2663:
1540:
445:
tsar, at the age of 16; his ceremony drew upon Byzantine precedents deliberately. The consent of the
330:
306:
302:
290:
2323:
2315:
1308:
1303:
581:
371:
164:
414:, his son and successor, continued to use the title of tsar. On 4 August 1514, Holy Roman Emperor
2637:
2370:
1035:
956:
Orchestrated a conspiracy against False Dmitry, proclaimed Tsar by the nobles and later desposed
2632:
2531:
2327:
505:
replaced the Rurik dynasty, but the position of the Russian monarch was weakened. In addition,
298:
294:
234:
1160:
1105:
1045:
2622:
2582:
2380:
2350:
914:
2627:
2547:
2470:
2360:
1111:
411:
266:
8:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2525:
2513:
2460:
2400:
2365:
2355:
2345:
1399:
1138:
930:
807:
715:
458:, but Polish obstruction prevented any papal mission from occurring. During the reign of
355:
218:
2587:
2498:
2465:
2455:
2405:
2395:
2340:
2166:
2089:
2050:
1876:
1805:
1741:
1652:
1588:
1493:
1442:
1270:
1257:
1095:
1083:
1050:
682:
549:
526:
522:
471:
459:
359:
1571:
Succession to the throne in early modern Russia : the transfer of power 1450-1725
221:, We, the Great Sovereign, Tsar and Grand Prince Alexei Mikhailovich, Autocrat of all
2597:
2569:
2537:
2493:
2475:
2440:
2335:
2268:
2229:
2202:
2152:
2127:
2075:
2036:
2011:
1979:
1954:
1929:
1904:
1862:
1791:
1766:
1727:
1702:
1677:
1638:
1613:
1574:
1485:
1428:
1391:
1378:
1318:
988:
618:
569:
541:
510:
506:
438:
326:
254:
246:
179:
168:
113:
2617:
2556:
2542:
2445:
2435:
2430:
2390:
2385:
1676:(1st Cooper Square Press ed.). New York: Cooper Square Press. pp. 24–25.
1475:
1353:
1313:
1280:
1264:
1207:
1166:
1143:
1088:
1028:
898:
557:
553:
502:
482:
250:
211:
2577:
2552:
2410:
2151:(New abridged one-volume paperback ed.). Princeton, New Jersey. p. 12.
2074:(New abridged one-volume paperback ed.). Princeton, New Jersey. p. 11.
1511:
1229:
1015:
959:
655:
561:
536:
242:
187:
123:
76:
2592:
2519:
2503:
2450:
2420:
2415:
1701:(1st Cooper Square Press ed.). New York: Cooper Square Press. p. 67.
1287:
871:
490:
367:
282:
262:
230:
195:
42:
667:
2657:
2508:
1489:
1390:
The Romanovs did not directly descend from an ancestor of the Rurik dynasty;
905:
743:
720:
660:
478:
467:
226:
1480:
1463:
791:
2284:
772:
486:
222:
677:
613:
2642:
1763:
Count Sergei Witte and the twilight of imperial Russia : a biography
278:
1497:
865:
1150:
651:
334:
274:
972:
1826:"1667 г. Именной указ. "О титуле Царском и о Государственной печати""
338:
1610:
The Image of Aleksandr Nevskiy in medieval Russia: warrior and saint
2265:
Politics and culture in eighteenth-century Russia: collected essays
2199:
Politics and culture in eighteenth-century Russia: collected essays
2124:
Politics and culture in eighteenth-century Russia: collected essays
2008:
Politics and culture in eighteenth-century Russia: collected essays
1976:
Politics and culture in eighteenth-century Russia: collected essays
1825:
1512:"Sobornoe Ulozhenie [Law Code of the Assembly of the Land]"
801:
737:
485:, a period of political chaos and foreign intervention. One of the
342:
1368:"Kayser vnnd Herscher aller Rewssen und Groszfürste zu Wolodimer".
965:
568:
22 October] 1721, Peter I formally adopted the title of
322:
314:
258:
103:
1722:
Perrie, Maureen; Lieven, D. C. B.; Suny, Ronald Grigor (2006).
318:
310:
477:
The childless death of Feodor I in 1598 marked the end of the
470:'s biggest contribution to the evolution of the doctrine of "
270:
1224:
982:
924:
451:
238:
175:
1214:
366:
and claimed inheritance to all the former territories of
354:
Following the expansion of his realm and his marriage to
513:
eventually recognized Michael, and the emperor accepted
202:
continued to be popularly used to refer to the emperor.
210:
The full title varied between tsars. The full title of
167:
from 1547 to 1721. During this period, the state was a
517:
recognition of Michael, without the title of Majesty.
454:
and drafted for delivery in 1550 addressed Ivan IV as
521:ruler as tsar. Negotiations for Russia to join the
429:After 1514, the full title used by Vasily III was:
525:succeeded after the temporary peace following the
2655:
1721:
432:Yaroslavl, Beloozero, Udoria, Obdoria and Kondia
474:", with the tsar as the emperor of Christians.
2117:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
161:Sovereign, Tsar and Grand Prince of all Russia
18:Sovereign, Tsar and Grand Prince of all Russia
2300:
2267:. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. pp. 15–16.
2258:
2256:
2201:. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. pp. 25–32.
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2126:. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. pp. 23–28.
2010:. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. pp. 22–23.
1894:
1892:
2314:
2102:
1992:
1928:. New York: Facts On File. pp. 26–30.
1852:
1850:
1635:Ivan the Terrible : a military history
1568:
1339:Sovereign, Tsar and Grand Prince of all Rus
27:Title of Russian monarchs from 1547 to 1721
2307:
2293:
2253:
2179:
2171:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2094:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2055:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1903:. Moscow: Альянс-Архео. pp. 199–201.
1898:
1889:
1881:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1810:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1785:
1746:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1657:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1632:
1593:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1573:. Cambridge, United Kingdom. p. 110.
1447:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
285:and others, Sovereign and Grand Prince of
2262:
2196:
2121:
2005:
1978:. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. p. 22.
1973:
1967:
1765:. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe. p. 41.
1479:
1856:
1847:
1461:
1358:Государь, Царь и Великий Князь всея Руси
1194:Younger brother of Feodor III and Sophia
174:The first Russian monarch to be crowned
2146:
2069:
1948:
1760:
14:
2656:
2221:
2035:(First paperback ed.). New York.
2030:
1607:
393:, and around the same time, the form
2288:
2033:The Cambridge history of Christianity
1696:
1671:
1422:
1192:Son of Alexis and Maria Miloslavskaya
1063:Алексей Михайлович (Алексей Тишайший)
1019:First cousin once removed of Feodor I
1923:
1464:"Ivan Iv as Autocrat (Samoderzhets)"
835:Maria Grigorievna Skuratova-Belskaya
2225:Peter the Great: His Life and World
1951:The formation of Muscovy, 1304-1613
529:was consolidated and upheld by the
24:
1396:Nikita Romanovich Zakharyin-Yuriev
1261:Younger half-brother of Feodor III
25:
2675:
1953:. London: Routledge. p. 96.
1277:(8 June 1682 – 17 September 1689)
1204:(8 June 1682 – 17 September 1689)
1286:
1223:
1213:
1159:
1149:
1104:
1094:
1044:
1034:
981:
971:
923:
913:
864:
854:
800:
790:
736:
726:
695:Фёдор Иванович (Фёдор Блаженный)
676:
666:
612:
575:
456:Universorum Ruthenorum imperator
400:in Russian was transformed into
67:
41:
2242:from the original on 2023-10-07
2215:
2140:
2063:
2024:
1942:
1917:
1836:from the original on 2023-06-20
1818:
1779:
1754:
1724:The Cambridge history of Russia
1715:
1690:
1665:
1551:from the original on 2023-05-23
1522:from the original on 2022-07-05
1384:
1371:
1362:
769:Brother-in-law of Feodor I
1633:Filjushkin, Alexander (2008).
1626:
1601:
1562:
1533:
1504:
1455:
1416:
1347:
1331:
1267:(7 May 1682 – 8 February 1696)
631:Иван Васильевич (Иван Грозный)
13:
1:
2263:Madariaga, Isabel de (2014).
2197:Madariaga, Isabel de (2014).
2122:Madariaga, Isabel de (2014).
2006:Madariaga, Isabel de (2014).
1974:Madariaga, Isabel de (2014).
1786:Feldbrugge, F. J. M. (2017).
1612:. Leiden: Brill. p. 25.
1462:HALPERIN, CHARLES J. (2014).
1409:
1196:Elder half-brother of Peter I
493:, laid claim to the title of
381:Ivan III also used the title
374:control. His full title was:
51:
716:Anastasia Zakharyina-Yuryeva
182:, who had held the title of
81:7 May 1682 – 2 November 1721
7:
1949:Crummey, Robert O. (2013).
1297:
533:between Russia and Poland.
462:, the establishment of the
447:patriarch of Constantinople
331:Kartlian and Georgian Tsars
10:
2680:
2376:Sviatoslav III of Vladimir
2222:Massie, Robert K. (1991).
1726:. Cambridge. p. 496.
1569:Bushkovitch, Paul (2021).
579:
552:and the conclusion of the
349:
287:Novgorod of the Lower Land
184:sovereign and grand prince
2568:
2484:
2324:Grand princes of Vladimir
2322:
2147:Wortman, Richard (2006).
2070:Wortman, Richard (2006).
1926:A brief history of Russia
1394:was only the grandson of
1357:
833:Son of Boris Godunov and
531:Treaty of Perpetual Peace
481:and the beginning of the
145:
137:
129:
119:
109:
99:
94:
90:
86:
66:
62:
40:
32:
2421:Dmitry the Terrible Eyes
2316:List of Russian monarchs
2031:Angold, Michael (2014).
1901:Титулы русских государей
1857:Sashalmi, Endre (2022).
1761:Harcave, Sidney (2004).
1377:German form used in the
1324:
1309:Grand Prince of Vladimir
1304:List of Russian monarchs
937:Василий Иванович Шуйский
582:List of Russian monarchs
370:, including those under
205:
2371:Yaroslav II of Vladimir
1899:Filyushkin, A. (2006).
1790:. Leiden. p. 777.
1481:10.4000/monderusse.8000
1423:Figes, Orlando (2022).
1402:, Ivan IV's first wife.
1273:(7 May – 2 June 1682),
814:Фёдор Борисович Годунов
750:Борис Фёдорович Годунов
556:in September 1721, the
325:, the Sovereign of the
321:, and Ruler of all the
163:, was the title of the
2570:Emperors of all Russia
1924:Kort, Michael (2008).
1697:Payne, Robert (2002).
1672:Payne, Robert (2002).
1545:individual.utoronto.ca
1468:Cahiers du Monde russe
1427:. London. p. 57.
472:Moscow, the third Rome
464:patriarchate of Moscow
450:letter written by the
391:dominus totius Russiae
347:
2381:Andrey II of Vladimir
2351:Vsevolod the Big Nest
1608:Isoaho, Mari (2006).
437:At the age of three,
216:
190:adopted the title of
2494:Ivan IV the Terrible
2361:Konstantin of Rostov
2341:Andrei I Bogolyubsky
1541:"Ulozhenie-Preamble"
1118:Фёдор III Алексеевич
387:gospodar' vseia Rusi
265:and Grand Prince of
48:Standard of the Tsar
2486:Tsars of all Russia
2461:Vasily II the Blind
2401:Dmitry of Pereslavl
2366:Yuri II of Vladimir
2356:Yuri II of Vladimir
2346:Mikhail of Vladimir
1425:The story of Russia
1400:Anastasia Romanovna
1139:Maria Miloslavskaya
1082:Son of Michael and
899:son of Ivan IV
872:False Dmitry I
714:Son of Ivan IV and
358:, the grand prince
356:Sophia Palaiologina
219:By the Grace of God
194:and proclaimed the
2466:Ivan III the Great
2406:Andrey of Gorodets
2396:Vasily of Kostroma
1275:Sophia Alekseyevna
1271:Natalya Naryshkina
1258:Natalya Naryshkina
1256:Son of Alexis and
1137:Son of Alexis and
1084:Eudoxia Streshneva
550:Great Northern War
527:Truce of Andrusovo
362:took the title of
323:Northern Countries
157:Tsar of all Russia
110:First monarch
2651:
2650:
2451:Dmitry of the Don
2426:Alexander of Tver
2336:Yuri I Dolgorukiy
2235:978-0-517-06483-2
1699:Ivan the Terrible
1674:Ivan the Terrible
1516:pages.uoregon.edu
1379:Holy Roman Empire
1337:Also rendered as
1319:Emperor of Russia
1295:
1294:
1237:Пётр I Алексеевич
1198:Co-ruler: Peter I
1173:Иван V Алексеевич
1023:Patriarch Filaret
962:(since June 1607)
947:12 September 1612
943:22 September 1552
542:Battle of Poltava
511:Holy Roman Empire
159:, officially the
153:
152:
120:Last monarch
16:(Redirected from
2671:
2664:Russian monarchy
2561:
2446:Dmitry of Suzdal
2441:Ivan II the Fair
2436:Simeon the Proud
2391:Yaroslav of Tver
2386:Alexander Nevsky
2309:
2302:
2295:
2286:
2285:
2279:
2278:
2260:
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2250:
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2247:
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2213:
2212:
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2100:
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2093:
2085:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2054:
2046:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2003:
1990:
1989:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1896:
1887:
1886:
1880:
1872:
1854:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1809:
1801:
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1531:
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1528:
1527:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1483:
1474:(3/4): 197–213.
1459:
1453:
1452:
1446:
1438:
1420:
1403:
1388:
1382:
1375:
1369:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1351:
1345:
1342:
1335:
1314:Prince of Moscow
1291:
1290:
1227:
1218:
1217:
1179:6 September 1666
1163:
1154:
1153:
1108:
1099:
1098:
1048:
1039:
1038:
995:Михаил Фёдорович
985:
976:
975:
927:
918:
917:
868:
859:
858:
850:
804:
795:
794:
786:
763:21 February 1598
740:
731:
730:
680:
671:
670:
616:
586:
585:
558:Governing Senate
554:Treaty of Nystad
483:Time of Troubles
398:
198:. The old title
71:
56:
53:
45:
36:
30:
29:
21:
2679:
2678:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2564:
2559:
2480:
2411:Mikhail of Tver
2318:
2313:
2283:
2282:
2275:
2261:
2254:
2245:
2243:
2236:
2228:. Wings Books.
2220:
2216:
2209:
2195:
2180:
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2145:
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2134:
2120:
2103:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2068:
2064:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2029:
2025:
2018:
2004:
1993:
1986:
1972:
1968:
1961:
1947:
1943:
1936:
1922:
1918:
1911:
1897:
1890:
1874:
1873:
1869:
1855:
1848:
1839:
1837:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1784:
1780:
1773:
1759:
1755:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1720:
1716:
1709:
1695:
1691:
1684:
1670:
1666:
1650:
1649:
1645:
1631:
1627:
1620:
1606:
1602:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1567:
1563:
1554:
1552:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1525:
1523:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1460:
1456:
1440:
1439:
1435:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1406:
1392:Michael Romanov
1389:
1385:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1352:
1348:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1300:
1285:
1268:
1262:
1260:
1253:2 November 1721
1247:8 February 1725
1246:
1244:
1240:
1228:
1212:
1202:princess Sophia
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1189:8 February 1696
1183:8 February 1696
1182:
1180:
1176:
1164:
1148:
1131:29 January 1676
1127:
1125:
1121:
1109:
1093:
1079:29 January 1676
1073:29 January 1676
1072:
1070:
1066:
1049:
1033:
1020:
1018:
1016:Romanov Dynasty
1004:
1002:
998:
986:
970:
960:False Dmitry II
957:
946:
944:
940:
928:
912:
908:
901:
887:
885:
881:
869:
853:
844:
837:
823:
821:
817:
805:
789:
780:
770:
759:
757:
753:
741:
725:
711:17 January 1598
705:17 January 1598
704:
702:
698:
681:
665:
656:Elena Glinskaya
652:Vasily III
644:26 January 1547
640:
638:
634:
617:
584:
578:
507:Michael Romanov
503:Romanov dynasty
489:to the throne,
396:
352:
261:, Sovereign of
208:
165:Russian monarch
141:2 November 1721
133:16 January 1547
82:
80:
75:
58:
54:
34:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2677:
2667:
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2649:
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2640:
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2630:
2625:
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2595:
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2572:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2528:
2523:
2520:False Dmitry I
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2490:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
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2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2416:Yuri of Moscow
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
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2297:
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2207:
2178:
2157:
2139:
2132:
2101:
2080:
2062:
2042:978-1107423671
2041:
2023:
2016:
1991:
1984:
1966:
1959:
1941:
1934:
1916:
1909:
1888:
1867:
1846:
1817:
1796:
1778:
1771:
1753:
1732:
1714:
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1234:
1220:
1219:
1210:
1205:
1190:
1187:
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1177:
1175:
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1132:
1129:
1122:
1120:
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1091:
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1077:
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1055:
1041:
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999:
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996:
992:
978:
977:
968:
963:
954:
951:
948:
941:
939:
938:
934:
931:Vasily IV
920:
919:
910:
903:
897:Claimed to be
895:
892:
889:
882:
880:
879:
875:
861:
860:
851:
839:
831:
828:
825:
818:
816:
815:
811:
808:Feodor II
797:
796:
787:
775:
767:
764:
761:
754:
752:
751:
747:
733:
732:
723:
718:
712:
709:
706:
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687:
673:
672:
663:
658:
648:
645:
642:
637:25 August 1530
635:
633:
632:
629:
623:
609:
608:
605:
602:
599:
596:
593:
590:
577:
574:
491:False Dmitry I
351:
348:
207:
204:
196:Russian Empire
151:
150:
147:
143:
142:
139:
135:
134:
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
111:
107:
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46:
38:
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26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2676:
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2662:
2661:
2659:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2638:Alexander III
2636:
2634:
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2274:9781317881902
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2266:
2259:
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2237:
2231:
2227:
2226:
2218:
2210:
2208:9781317881902
2204:
2200:
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2174:
2168:
2160:
2154:
2150:
2143:
2135:
2133:9781317881902
2129:
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2110:
2108:
2106:
2097:
2091:
2083:
2077:
2073:
2066:
2058:
2052:
2044:
2038:
2034:
2027:
2019:
2017:9781317881902
2013:
2009:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1987:
1985:9781317881902
1981:
1977:
1970:
1962:
1960:9781317872009
1956:
1952:
1945:
1937:
1935:9781438108292
1931:
1927:
1920:
1912:
1910:9785988740117
1906:
1902:
1895:
1893:
1884:
1878:
1870:
1868:9781644694190
1864:
1860:
1853:
1851:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1821:
1813:
1807:
1799:
1797:9789004352148
1793:
1789:
1782:
1774:
1772:9781317473756
1768:
1764:
1757:
1749:
1743:
1735:
1733:9780521815291
1729:
1725:
1718:
1710:
1708:9781461661085
1704:
1700:
1693:
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1683:9780815412298
1679:
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1644:9781848325043
1640:
1636:
1629:
1621:
1619:9789047409496
1615:
1611:
1604:
1596:
1590:
1582:
1580:9781108479349
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1572:
1565:
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1469:
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1458:
1450:
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1436:
1434:9781526631763
1430:
1426:
1419:
1415:
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1398:, brother of
1397:
1393:
1387:
1380:
1374:
1365:
1355:
1350:
1343:
1334:
1330:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
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1302:
1301:
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1282:
1279:
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1222:
1221:
1216:
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1162:
1158:
1157:
1152:
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1145:
1142:
1140:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1123:
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1116:
1114:
1113:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1068:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1053:
1047:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1000:
994:
993:
991:
990:
984:
980:
979:
974:
969:
967:
964:
961:
955:
952:
949:
942:
936:
935:
933:
932:
926:
922:
921:
916:
911:
907:
904:
900:
896:
893:
890:
883:
877:
876:
874:
873:
867:
863:
862:
857:
852:
848:
843:
840:
836:
832:
829:
827:13 April 1605
826:
819:
813:
812:
810:
809:
803:
799:
798:
793:
788:
784:
779:
776:
774:
768:
766:13 April 1605
765:
762:
760:13 April 1605
755:
749:
748:
746:
745:
739:
735:
734:
729:
724:
722:
719:
717:
713:
710:
708:28 March 1584
707:
700:
694:
692:
689:
688:
686:
685:
684:Feodor I
679:
675:
674:
669:
664:
662:
659:
657:
653:
649:
647:28 March 1584
646:
643:
641:28 March 1584
636:
630:
628:
625:
624:
622:
621:
615:
611:
610:
606:
603:
600:
597:
594:
591:
588:
587:
583:
576:List of tsars
573:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
538:
534:
532:
528:
524:
518:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
479:Rurik dynasty
475:
473:
469:
468:Boris Godunov
465:
461:
457:
453:
448:
444:
440:
435:
433:
427:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
407:
403:
399:
392:
388:
384:
379:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
327:Iverian Lands
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
215:
213:
203:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
172:
170:
166:
162:
158:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
125:
122:
118:
115:
112:
108:
105:
102:
98:
93:
89:
85:
79:
78:
74:Last to Reign
70:
65:
61:
49:
44:
39:
31:
19:
2633:Alexander II
2613:Catherine II
2530:
2518:
2485:
2264:
2244:. Retrieved
2224:
2217:
2198:
2148:
2142:
2123:
2071:
2065:
2032:
2026:
2007:
1975:
1969:
1950:
1944:
1925:
1919:
1900:
1858:
1838:. Retrieved
1829:
1820:
1787:
1781:
1762:
1756:
1723:
1717:
1698:
1692:
1673:
1667:
1634:
1628:
1609:
1603:
1570:
1564:
1553:. Retrieved
1544:
1535:
1524:. Retrieved
1515:
1506:
1471:
1467:
1457:
1424:
1418:
1386:
1373:
1364:
1349:
1338:
1333:
1231:Peter I
1230:
1165:
1110:
1076:12 July 1645
1059:the Quietest
1058:
1051:
1011:12 July 1645
1008:26 July 1613
1005:12 July 1645
1001:12 July 1596
987:
953:17 July 1610
929:
891:20 June 1605
878:Лжедмитрий I
870:
830:10 June 1605
824:20 June 1605
806:
773:Zemsky Sobor
742:
690:
683:
627:the Terrible
626:
620:Ivan IV
619:
545:
535:
519:
514:
498:
494:
476:
466:in 1589 was
455:
436:
430:
428:
423:
419:
416:Maximilian I
410:
405:
401:
394:
390:
386:
382:
380:
375:
353:
231:White Russia
217:
209:
199:
173:
160:
156:
154:
73:
2643:Nicholas II
2623:Alexander I
2583:Catherine I
2560:(co-rulers)
1243:9 June 1672
1124:9 June 1661
1025:(1619–1633)
1014:Founder of
958:Pretender:
950:19 May 1606
894:17 May 1606
888:17 May 1606
845: [
781: [
771:Elected by
701:31 May 1557
691:the Blessed
595:Reign start
523:Holy League
368:Kievan Rus'
343:Mountainous
337:Lands, the
186:. In 1721,
104:His Majesty
55: 1693
2628:Nicholas I
2548:Feodor III
2471:Vasily III
2246:2023-07-11
2158:1400849691
2081:1400849691
1861:. Boston.
1840:2023-06-20
1637:. London.
1555:2023-05-23
1526:2023-05-23
1410:References
1263:Co-ruler:
1250:7 May 1682
1186:7 May 1682
1134:7 May 1682
1128:7 May 1682
1112:Feodor III
1069:9 May 1629
1021:Co-ruler:
580:See also:
412:Vasily III
372:Lithuanian
257:, Tsar of
253:, Tsar of
249:, Tsar of
149:Hereditary
35:all Russia
2608:Peter III
2603:Elizabeth
2532:Vladislav
2526:Vasili IV
2514:Feodor II
2167:cite book
2090:cite book
2051:cite book
1877:cite book
1830:garant.ru
1806:cite book
1742:cite book
1653:cite book
1589:cite book
1490:1252-6576
1443:cite book
909:(claimed)
598:Reign end
546:imperator
495:imperator
487:imposters
424:imperator
406:Ros(s)iia
402:Rus(s)iia
364:sovereign
335:Kabardian
307:Beloozero
303:Yaroslavl
291:Chernigov
255:Astrakhan
146:Appointer
138:Abolition
130:Formation
2658:Category
2588:Peter II
2499:Feodor I
2456:Vasily I
2240:Archived
1834:Archived
1549:Archived
1520:Archived
1498:24567509
1298:See also
1269:Regent:
1200:Regent:
902:Murdered
838:Murdered
592:Lifespan
515:de facto
460:Feodor I
360:Ivan III
339:Cherkasy
333:and the
247:Novgorod
243:Vladimir
33:Tsar of
2598:Ivan VI
2578:Peter I
2553:Peter I
2538:Michael
2476:Ivan IV
1354:Russian
1281:Romanov
1208:Romanov
1144:Romanov
1089:Romanov
1029:Romanov
989:Michael
966:Shuysky
842:Godunov
778:Godunov
650:Son of
570:emperor
537:Peter I
443:crowned
439:Ivan IV
350:History
315:Obdoria
271:Yugorsk
259:Siberia
192:emperor
188:Peter I
180:Ivan IV
169:tsardom
124:Peter I
114:Ivan IV
95:Details
77:Peter I
2618:Paul I
2557:Ivan V
2543:Alexis
2431:Ivan I
2328:Moscow
2271:
2232:
2205:
2155:
2130:
2078:
2039:
2014:
1982:
1957:
1932:
1907:
1865:
1794:
1769:
1730:
1705:
1680:
1641:
1616:
1577:
1496:
1488:
1431:
1265:Ivan V
1167:Ivan V
1052:Alexis
604:Family
499:tsesar
420:Kayser
329:, the
319:Kondia
311:Udoria
299:Rostov
295:Ryazan
283:Bulgar
279:Vyatka
235:Moscow
227:Little
212:Alexis
2509:Boris
2504:Irina
1494:JSTOR
1341:'
1325:Notes
906:Rurik
849:]
785:]
744:Boris
721:Rurik
661:Rurik
607:Image
601:Notes
562:Synod
397:'
263:Pskov
251:Kazan
223:Great
214:was:
206:Title
100:Style
2593:Anna
2555:and
2326:and
2269:ISBN
2230:ISBN
2203:ISBN
2173:link
2153:ISBN
2128:ISBN
2096:link
2076:ISBN
2057:link
2037:ISBN
2012:ISBN
1980:ISBN
1955:ISBN
1930:ISBN
1905:ISBN
1883:link
1863:ISBN
1812:link
1792:ISBN
1767:ISBN
1748:link
1728:ISBN
1703:ISBN
1678:ISBN
1659:link
1639:ISBN
1614:ISBN
1595:link
1575:ISBN
1486:ISSN
1449:link
1429:ISBN
884:1581
820:1589
756:1551
654:and
589:Name
566:O.S.
560:and
452:pope
389:was
383:tsar
341:and
275:Perm
267:Tver
239:Kiev
229:and
200:tsar
178:was
176:tsar
155:The
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497:or
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