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claims. This can not be assured by a simple study of the context. Gnosticism's beginnings and its relationship to
Christianity are poorly dated, due to an insufficient corpus of literature relating the first interactions between the two religions. It vehemently condemns such anti-corporeal attitudes,
806:
The text is addressed to "the elect lady and her children" (some interpretations translate this phrase as "elder lady and her children"), and closes with the words, "The children of thy elect sister greet thee." The person addressed is commended for her piety, and is warned against false teachers.
778:
Also significant is the clear warning against paying heed to those who say that Jesus was not a flesh-and-blood figure: "For many deceivers are entered into the world, who confess not that Jesus Christ is come in the flesh." This establishes that, from the time the epistle was first written, there
810:
The lady has often been seen as a metaphor for the church, the church being the body of believers as a whole and as local congregations. The children would be members of that local congregation. The writer also includes a greeting from another church in the final verse, "The children of thy elect
1288:
798:
which also indicates that those taking such unorthodox positions were either sufficiently vocal, persuasive, or numerous enough to warrant rebuttal in this form. Adherents of gnosticism were most numerous during the second and third centuries.
1197:
862:. Mary was likewise never referred to by name in John's gospel. Such an interpretation would assume a much earlier date of composition than modern scholars have suggested.
1702:
516:
771:. It is therefore suggested by a few that a single author composed both of these letters. The traditional view contends that all the letters are by the hand of
830:
of the Bible translates it this way. It is also possible it refers to an individual but simply does not use her name. One theory is that the letter refers to
485:
876:
940:
1387:
819:
supports this view, saying the content of the epistle itself shows it was addressed to the church as a whole rather than a single person.
2319:
2201:
478:
372:
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522:
2186:
2181:
400:
2196:
934:
962:
2439:
1887:
2464:
1993:
677:
471:
210:
2449:
2314:
1988:
1849:
682:
367:
205:
1956:
1084:
871:
748:
589:
356:
162:
2074:
1951:
1802:
1380:
157:
2434:
2334:
687:
340:
1308:
827:
714:
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2459:
2288:
1003:, Black's New Testament commentaries, Edition 2, Continuum International Publishing Group, 1994. pp. 139–40
2444:
2283:
1247:
65:
2367:
1797:
1373:
502:
351:
2454:
2380:
1971:
189:
2089:
775:, and the linguistic structure, special vocabulary, and polemical issues all lend toward this theory.
2003:
1982:
1976:
794:
604:
226:
194:
1278:
1097:
763:
Manuscript of the New
Testament with the text of the Second Epistle of John 1-5 (5th or 6th century)
1998:
1966:
1961:
1697:
1658:
405:
221:
178:
173:
859:
2304:
2176:
2033:
1894:
1634:
851:
843:
278:
2160:
2028:
2018:
1610:
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273:
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25:
1136:
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1242:
1060:
831:
565:
555:
299:
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149:
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2309:
2229:
1941:
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1030:
996:
834:; Jesus had entrusted his "beloved disciple" with Mary's life when Jesus was on the cross (
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577:
535:
415:
116:
49:
8:
2406:
2251:
2216:
2013:
1692:
1475:
1445:
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proposed that Kyria, the Greek word used here which means lady, was actually a name. The
736:
665:
609:
458:
242:
815:
was a fairly common term for those who believe in the gospel and follow Christ. Scholar
786:, believing that the human person of Jesus was actually pure spirit or not come at all.
747:, but in general there is no consensus as to the identity of this person or group. (See
2143:
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1744:
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930:
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83:
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Another interpretation holds that the letter is addressed to a specific individual.
739:, traditionally thought to be the author of the other two epistles of John, and the
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2126:
2084:
2023:
2008:
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1525:
1505:
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1304:
The Second
General Epistle of John from Kretzmann's Popular Commentary of the Bible
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744:
599:
410:
380:
265:
237:
142:
73:
1078:
Did Christ Die Only for the Elect?: A Treatise on the extent of Christ's
Atonement
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743:(though this is disputed). Most modern scholars believe this is not
759:
2256:
1826:
1813:
1792:
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1734:
1325:
1292:
1236: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
877:
Textual variants in the New
Testament § Second Epistle of John
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2401:
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1500:
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61:
987:, Volume 18 of Sacra Pagina, Liturgical Press, 2008. pp. 57–59
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Alternatively, the letter's acknowledgment and rejection of
801:
767:
The language of this epistle is remarkably similar to
43:
2378:
903:(which is also its most common form of abbreviation).
793:
theology may reveal a later date of authorship than
1261:Online translations of the Second Epistle of John:
2426:
838:19:26–27). The children would thus refer to the
1299:Online articles on the Second Epistle of John:
1251:(New and revised ed.). T. Nelson and Sons.
1118:. "II John: Exegesis". In Harmon, Nolan (ed.).
858:, and the sister to Mary's sister mentioned in
1309:An Exegesis of 2 John 7–11 by Mark A. Paustian
1381:
929:. Wheaton, IL: Crossway. 2018. p. 1025.
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479:
1020:. Oxford University press, 2003, pp. 116–26
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52:, showing 2 Cor 11:33–12:9
2320:Other books referenced in the Bible
2279:New Testament manuscript categories
1245:(1897). "John, Second Epistle of".
1126:
678:Holy Spirit in Johannine literature
13:
1850:Testaments of the Three Patriarchs
1114:
965:from the original on 21 April 2022
14:
2481:
1256:
943:from the original on 3 June 2021.
895:The book is sometimes called the
872:Authorship of the Johannine works
749:Authorship of the Johannine works
2412:
2400:
2388:
1283:
1231:
1033:(1896). "The Epistles of John".
515:
452:
440:
42:
2335:Biblical and Quranic narratives
1208:
1190:
1169:
1148:
1108:
1090:
985:1, 2, and 3 John (Sacra Pagina)
688:New Testament people named John
683:John's vision of the Son of Man
1071:
1053:
1023:
1006:
990:
977:
947:
917:
889:
754:
48:Papyrus 46, one of the oldest
1:
910:
811:sister greet thee." The term
1122:. Vol. 12. p. 303.
802:Interpretation of "The Lady"
7:
2440:2nd-century Christian texts
1291:public domain audiobook at
865:
828:Young's Literal Translation
10:
2486:
2465:Women in the New Testament
2315:English Bible translations
1703:Song of the Three Children
955:"Bible Book Abbreviations"
2450:Christian anti-Gnosticism
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1248:Easton's Bible Dictionary
523:Saint John the Evangelist
406:New Testament manuscripts
16:Book of the New Testament
882:
2177:Intertestamental period
1318:Second Epistle of John
1200:biblicalarchaeology.org
1138:New English Translation
1120:The Interpreter's Bible
459:Christianity portal
2435:Second Epistle of John
2161:Apocalyptic literature
1798:Paralipomena of Baruch
1243:Easton, Matthew George
764:
729:Second Epistle of John
2325:Additional Scriptures
2289:New Testament uncials
1031:Burton, Ernest DeWitt
897:Second Letter of John
832:Mary, mother of Jesus
795:orthodox Christianity
762:
2460:Johannine literature
2310:Bible version debate
2284:New Testament papyri
2230:Samaritan Pentateuch
1855:Testament of Abraham
1793:1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan
997:James Leslie Houlden
959:Logos Bible Software
536:Johannine literature
416:Johannine literature
117:Acts of the Apostles
50:New Testament papyri
2445:New Testament books
2252:Muratorian fragment
2187:New Testament canon
2182:Old Testament canon
2075:Chapters and verses
1693:Additions to Daniel
1659:Additions to Esther
1018:Lost Christianities
779:were those who had
737:John the Evangelist
666:Johannine community
401:New Testament canon
1865:Testament of Jacob
1860:Testament of Isaac
1745:Prayer of Manasseh
1708:Bel and the Dragon
1688:Letter of Jeremiah
1350:Books of the Bible
1204:. 25 January 2022.
1035:The Biblical World
1001:Johannine epistles
765:
629:Related literature
327:Book of Revelation
2455:Catholic epistles
2376:
2375:
2345:Textual criticism
1908:
1907:
1832:Psalms of Solomon
1775:Orthodox Tewahedo
1364:
1363:
1355:Succeeded by
1347:
1269:at GospelHall.org
1144:. p. 2 John.
1063:thebereancall.org
936:978-1-4335-6343-0
840:brothers of Jesus
731:is a book of the
725:
724:
510:John in the Bible
496:
495:
426:Pastoral epistles
259:Catholic epistles
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2225:Dead Sea Scrolls
2207:Dating the Bible
2085:Historical books
1722:Eastern Orthodox
1635:Eastern Orthodox
1623:
1622:
1616:
1390:
1383:
1376:
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1366:
1343:
1334:Preceded by
1314:
1313:
1295:Various versions
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773:John the Apostle
745:John the Apostle
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710:
703:
605:Beloved disciple
519:
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488:
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447:Bible portal
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411:Synoptic Gospels
381:Petrine epistles
368:Pauline epistles
143:Pauline epistles
74:Four Evangelists
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2100:Prophetic books
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1994:2 Thessalonians
1989:1 Thessalonians
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357:Johannine works
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211:2 Thessalonians
206:1 Thessalonians
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2470:Antilegomena
2407:Christianity
2263:Vetus Latina
2261:
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2197:Jewish canon
2192:Antilegomena
2094:Poetic Books
2090:Wisdom books
2068:Subdivisions
2043:
1981:
1686: /
1611:Deuterocanon
1531:Lamentations
1511:Ecclesiastes
1418:(protocanon)
1409:Hebrew Bible
1342:
1321:
1298:
1267:Online Bible
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1171:
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1116:Wilder, Amos
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648:Signs Gospel
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294:
33:Books of the
18:
2368:WikiProject
2246:Diatessaron
2217:Manuscripts
2170:Development
1972:Philippians
1842:Beta Israel
1760:4 Maccabees
1755:3 Maccabees
1669:2 Maccabees
1664:1 Maccabees
1446:Deuteronomy
1087:pp. 113–114
817:Amos Wilder
755:Composition
528:Domenichino
190:Philippians
2429:Categories
2305:Authorship
2235:Septuagint
2080:Pentateuch
2059:Revelation
1983:Laodiceans
1977:Colossians
1466:1–2 Samuel
1358:Third John
1337:First John
911:References
860:John 19:25
824:Athanasius
638:Apocryphon
610:Evangelist
590:Authorship
573:Revelation
341:Authorship
321:Apocalypse
195:Colossians
135:Apocalypse
110:Lukan Acts
2144:Johannine
2004:2 Timothy
1999:1 Timothy
1967:Ephesians
1962:Galatians
1750:Psalm 151
1618:apocrypha
1596:Zechariah
1586:Zephaniah
1471:1–2 Kings
1436:Leviticus
813:the elect
620:Presbyter
352:Luke-Acts
227:2 Timothy
222:1 Timothy
179:Ephesians
174:Galatians
2358:Category
2257:Peshitta
2154:Catholic
2149:Pastoral
2134:Epistles
2127:Synoptic
2014:Philemon
1827:2 Baruch
1814:Peshitta
1788:Jubilees
1740:2 Esdras
1735:1 Esdras
1630:Catholic
1581:Habakkuk
1526:Jeremiah
1506:Proverbs
1486:Nehemiah
1293:LibriVox
1182:13 April
1161:13 April
969:21 April
963:Archived
941:Archived
866:See also
657:See also
551:Epistles
503:a series
501:Part of
420:epistles
243:Philemon
131:Epistles
26:a series
24:Part of
2419:History
2381:Portals
2330:Studies
2298:Related
2269:Vulgate
2139:Pauline
2117:Gospels
2034:2 Peter
2029:1 Peter
2019:Hebrews
1922:Matthew
1812:Syriac
1698:Susanna
1601:Malachi
1561:Obadiah
1536:Ezekiel
1441:Numbers
1426:Genesis
1399:of the
1326:Epistle
1323:General
1240::
1156:"κυρίᾳ"
1047:3140373
791:gnostic
781:docetic
600:Apostle
373:Hebrews
279:2 Peter
274:1 Peter
251:Hebrews
84:Matthew
62:Gospels
2363:Portal
2240:Targum
2049:3 John
2044:2 John
2039:1 John
1947:Romans
1900:Jewish
1725:Others
1684:Baruch
1679:Sirach
1674:Wisdom
1654:Judith
1639:Others
1591:Haggai
1541:Daniel
1521:Isaiah
1501:Psalms
1491:Esther
1456:Judges
1451:Joshua
1431:Exodus
1083:
1045:
933:
901:2 John
769:3 John
615:Patmos
578:Events
561:Second
546:Gospel
300:3 John
295:2 John
290:1 John
150:Romans
2395:Bible
2024:James
2009:Titus
1783:Enoch
1649:Tobit
1576:Nahum
1571:Micah
1566:Jonah
1546:Hosea
1401:Bible
1397:Books
1142:(PDF)
1043:JSTOR
883:Notes
852:Simon
848:Joses
844:James
672:Logos
566:Third
556:First
266:James
238:Titus
2122:List
2054:Jude
1942:Acts
1937:John
1932:Luke
1927:Mark
1888:list
1765:Odes
1556:Amos
1551:Joel
1481:Ezra
1461:Ruth
1184:2020
1163:2020
1081:ISBN
1012:Cf.
971:2022
931:ISBN
856:Jude
854:and
836:John
727:The
643:Acts
311:Jude
133:and
99:John
94:Luke
89:Mark
66:Acts
64:and
1615:and
1496:Job
1279:NIV
1274:KJV
751:.)
2431::
1128:^
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1016:.
999:,
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957:.
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418:(
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