518:
941:
440:
452:
1768:
1371:
723:
1100:, and Timothy, gives thanks for the news about their faith and love; he reminds them of the kind of life he had lived while he was with them. Paul stresses how honorably he conducted himself, reminding them that he had worked to earn his keep, taking great pains not to burden anyone. He did this, he says, even though he could have used his status as an
42:
912:
to be written, and the earliest extant
Christian text. A majority of modern New Testament scholars date 1 Thessalonians to 49–51 AD, during Paul's 18-month stay in Corinth coinciding with his second missionary journey. A minority of scholars who do not recognize the historicity of Acts date it in the
1771:
801:
describes Paul preaching in a Jewish synagogue and persuading people who were already Jewish that Jesus was the
Messiah, but in 1 Thessalonians itself Paul says that the converts had turned from idols, suggesting that they were not Jewish before Paul arrived.
1461:
Abraham J. Malherbe, “Hellenistic
Moralists and the New Testament”, in; Aufstieg und Nieder- gang der Römischen Welt: Geschichte und Kultur Roms im Spiegel der neueren Forschung, eds. H. Temporini and W. Haase (Berlin and New York: W. de Gruyter, 1992),
797:. Paul visited Thessalonica and preached to the local population, winning converts who became a Christian community. There is debate as to whether or not Paul's converts were originally Jewish. The
952:
The majority of New
Testament scholars hold 1 Thessalonians to be authentic, although a number of scholars in the mid-19th century contested its authenticity, most notably
1857:
1914:
842:
2262:
483:
972:
The authenticity of 1 Thessalonians 2:13–16 has been disputed by some. The following arguments are made against its authenticity based on its content:
1850:
1610:
The Later
Stratum in 1 and 2 Thessalonians, Authority in Paul and Peter: The Identification of a Pastoral Stratum in the Pauline Corpus and 1 Peter
1194:
928:, themes that are covered in all other letters. Because of this, some scholars see this as an indication that this letter was written before the
1947:
1471:
2948:
2879:
2761:
1843:
476:
370:
2838:
1542:
917:
dates Gallio's proconsulship of Achaia to 51-52 AD, and Acts 18:12-17 mentions Gallio, toward the end of Paul's stay in
Corinth.
2746:
2741:
1482:
960:. 1 Thessalonians matches other accepted Pauline letters, both in style and in content, and its authorship is also affirmed by
398:
2973:
2756:
1552:
1304:
1188:
977:
1216:
2953:
2447:
1272:
2553:
1827:
1654:
1130:
961:
581:
469:
208:
1709:
1698:
1676:
2874:
2409:
1687:
1665:
1643:
1632:
1621:
1409:
1120:
532:
365:
2516:
551:
354:
160:
1358:
809:
only months after he left
Thessalonica, although information appended to this work in many early manuscripts (e.g.,
2634:
2511:
2362:
1940:
546:
155:
2894:
1720:
338:
2978:
709:
2884:
2848:
1330:
1101:
1043:. Some scholars, such as Schmithals, Eckhart, Demke and Munro, have developed complicated theories involving
676:
2958:
2843:
1385:
925:
63:
1354:
2968:
2927:
2357:
1933:
621:
500:
349:
1567:
G. Friedrich, "1. Thessalonicher 5,1–11, der apologetische
Einschub eines Spaeteren," ZTK 70 (1973) 289.
2531:
992:
826:
651:
566:
187:
2649:
2963:
2563:
2542:
2536:
1806:
879:
631:
591:
571:
224:
192:
1424:
2558:
2526:
2521:
2257:
2218:
1319:
1108:
1006:
957:
929:
771:
586:
561:
556:
403:
219:
176:
171:
1589:
K. G. Eckart 1961, "Der zweite echte Brief des
Apostels Paulus an die Thessalonicher," ZThK, 30–44
1040:
2864:
2736:
2593:
2454:
2194:
1028:
641:
276:
2720:
2603:
2588:
2578:
2170:
1531:
Schmidt, D. 1983, "I Thess 2:13–16: Linguistic
Evidence for an Interpolation," JBL 102: 269–79.
921:
646:
292:
271:
248:
23:
2669:
2608:
2598:
2506:
1758:
1753:
1380:
1374: One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
541:
297:
287:
147:
976:
It is perceived to be theologically incompatible with Paul's other epistles: elsewhere Paul
2869:
2789:
2501:
2414:
2324:
2090:
1977:
1035:
and theology that serves as an apologetic correction to Paul's imminent expectation of the
798:
681:
413:
114:
47:
8:
2811:
2776:
2573:
2252:
2035:
2005:
1735:
1125:
891:
601:
456:
240:
980:
to the "rulers of this age" rather than to the Jews, and elsewhere Paul writes that the
2703:
2618:
2424:
2419:
2381:
2304:
2267:
2247:
2177:
1819:
1448:"The only possible reference to a previous missive is in 2:15…" Raymond E. Brown 1997,
1010:
988:
914:
873:
814:
810:
702:
626:
417:
324:
2904:
2713:
2708:
2481:
2391:
2334:
2155:
2145:
1995:
1835:
1548:
1405:
1300:
1295:
Esler, Philip (2001). "71. 1 Thessalonians". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.).
1268:
1184:
841:
The original manuscript of this letter is lost, as are over a century of copies. The
423:
256:
81:
2889:
2784:
2766:
2698:
2686:
2644:
2583:
2568:
2459:
2347:
2140:
2085:
2065:
2045:
1888:
1792:
1240:
953:
885:
867:
763:
751:
671:
596:
528:
517:
508:
408:
378:
263:
235:
140:
71:
1740:
845:. The oldest surviving manuscripts that contain some or all of this book include:
2681:
2659:
2613:
2160:
2120:
2095:
2025:
2000:
1985:
1262:
1208:
1178:
981:
861:
818:
747:
739:
308:
2917:
2899:
2833:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2442:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2213:
2189:
2150:
2100:
2080:
2050:
2030:
2015:
2010:
1990:
1956:
1032:
96:
91:
86:
940:
2942:
2664:
2473:
2342:
2208:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2105:
2075:
1973:
1898:
1814:
1749:
1375:
1111:
prior to those still living, and both groups will greet the Lord in the air.
1036:
945:
909:
822:
806:
790:
743:
695:
107:
33:
1264:
Introducing the New Testament: A Historical, Literary and Theological Survey
2922:
2822:
2751:
2653:
2115:
2110:
2070:
2040:
2020:
1968:
1544:
First and Second Thessalonians (Paideia: Commentaries on the New Testament)
1248:
830:
794:
786:
755:
636:
444:
908:
It is widely agreed that 1 Thessalonians is one of the first books of the
2805:
2401:
2319:
2314:
2228:
2223:
2055:
1024:
Various scholars have since defended the authenticity of these passages.
987:
There were no extensive historical persecutions of Christians by Jews in
775:
2639:
2794:
855:
849:
727:
132:
932:, where Paul's positions on these matters were formed and elucidated.
2309:
1925:
1044:
998:
The use of the concept of imitation in 1 Thes. 2.14 is singular.
1503:
1013:
is still to come; it is not something that has already shown itself.
1005:ἔφθασε ("has overtaken") in 1 Thes. 2.16 seems to refer to the
2816:
2386:
2373:
2352:
2299:
2294:
1795:
1777:
767:
2828:
2693:
451:
128:
805:
Most New Testament scholars believe Paul wrote this letter from
2799:
2676:
2060:
1883:
1017:
1002:
759:
59:
1020:
of these verses deviates from that of the surrounding context.
948:
gives its title as προς θεσσαλονικεις, "To the Thessalonians."
1960:
1893:
1880:
1097:
722:
1580:
Transl. by J. Steely (Nashville: Abingdon Press), 123–218
774:
may have been written by AD 48. The original language is
766:, probably written by the end of AD 52, in the reign of
726:
Fragments showing 1 Thessalonians 1:3–2:1 and 2:6–13 on
1504:
1 Thessalonians 2:13–16 A Deutero Pauline Interpolation
1865:
1031:
is a post-Pauline insertion that has many features of
41:
1599:
Theologie und Literarkritik im 1. Thessalonicherbrief
1343:The First and Second Epistles to the Thessalonians
2940:
1736:English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate
1400:"Introduction to the Book of 1 Thessalonians".
1389:(New and revised ed.). T. Nelson and Sons.
1157:. It is most commonly abbreviated as "1 Thess."
836:
1941:
1851:
703:
477:
1183:. Wheaton, IL: Crossway. 2018. p. 986.
1047:and interpolation in 1 and 2 Thessalonians.
821:) state that Paul wrote it in Athens after
793:, which at the time of Paul was within the
1948:
1934:
1858:
1844:
1383:(1897). "Thessalonians, Epistles to the".
781:
710:
696:
484:
470:
1151:First Letter of Paul to the Thessalonians
1540:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1284:
939:
843:text of the surviving manuscripts varies
829:with news of the state of the church in
721:
1236:
1234:
2941:
1955:
1379:
1260:
1929:
1839:
1294:
1281:
1450:An Introduction to the New Testament
1245:An Introduction to the New Testament
1231:
1027:It is also sometimes suggested that
754:, and is addressed to the church in
50:, showing 2 Cor 11:33–12:9
2880:Other books referenced in the Bible
2839:New Testament manuscript categories
1788:First Epistle to the Thessalonians
1541:Brookins, Timothy A. (2021-11-16).
1219:from the original on April 21, 2022
1131:Second Epistle to the Thessalonians
982:Jews have not been abandoned by God
770:although some scholars believe the
13:
2949:First Epistle to the Thessalonians
2410:Testaments of the Three Patriarchs
1867:First Epistle to the Thessalonians
1345:(New York: Harper & Row), p. 7
1197:from the original on June 3, 2021.
1121:Authorship of the Pauline epistles
1070:Specific issues within the church
920:1 Thessalonians does not focus on
762:. It is likely among the first of
736:First Epistle to the Thessalonians
14:
2990:
1729:
1149:The book is sometimes called the
1107:Paul goes on to explain that the
1064:Past interactions with the church
984:, for "all Israel will be saved".
944:The first page of the epistle in
1766:
1369:
1267:(2nd ed.). Baker Academic.
1009:. According to 1 Thes 1:10, the
750:. The epistle is attributed to
516:
450:
438:
40:
2895:Biblical and Quranic narratives
1714:
1703:
1692:
1681:
1670:
1659:
1648:
1637:
1626:
1615:
1603:
1592:
1583:
1570:
1561:
1534:
1525:
1513:
1496:
1487:
1476:
1465:
1455:
1442:
1429:
1418:
1393:
1363:
1348:
935:
1335:
1324:
1313:
1254:
1201:
1171:
1143:
1073:Relationships among Christians
898:
46:Papyrus 46, one of the oldest
1:
1750:Epistles to the Thessalonians
1520:CollegeVille Bible Commentary
1164:
677:Apostles in the New Testament
2974:Christianity in Thessaloniki
1096:Paul, speaking for himself,
1082:How Christians should behave
1076:Mourning those who have died
967:
837:Oldest surviving manuscripts
7:
2954:1st-century Christian texts
1776:public domain audiobook at
1741:Multiple bible versions at
1299:. Oxford University Press.
1297:The Oxford Bible Commentary
1261:Powell, Mark Allan (2018).
1114:
1079:Preparing for God's arrival
1061:Salutation and thanksgiving
1050:
10:
2995:
2875:English Bible translations
2263:Song of the Three Children
1508:Harvard Theological Review
1209:"Bible Book Abbreviations"
1055:
2913:
2857:
2775:
2729:
2627:
2472:
2435:
2400:
2371:
2333:
2278:
2185:
2169:
1967:
1907:
1873:
1824:
1811:
1803:
1786:
1502:Birger A. Pearson 1971, "
1386:Easton's Bible Dictionary
1067:Regarding Timothy's visit
880:Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus
730:, from the third century.
632:Coptic Apocalypse of Paul
404:New Testament manuscripts
16:Book of the New Testament
1136:
1109:dead will be resurrected
1007:destruction of Jerusalem
978:attributed Jesus's death
930:Epistle to the Galatians
926:Jewish–Gentile relations
772:Epistle to the Galatians
2737:Intertestamental period
1721:1 Thessalonians 4:13–18
1452:, Anchor Bible, p. 590.
1091:
1041:1 Thessalonians 4:13–18
903:
782:Background and audience
457:Christianity portal
2721:Apocalyptic literature
2358:Paralipomena of Baruch
1746:(NKJV, NIV, NRSV etc.)
1381:Easton, Matthew George
1029:1 Thessalonians 5:1–11
949:
922:justification by faith
731:
2979:Entering heaven alive
2885:Additional Scriptures
2849:New Testament uncials
1754:Catholic Encyclopedia
1578:Paul and the Gnostics
1576:Schmithals, W. 1972,
1104:to impose upon them.
943:
725:
2870:Bible version debate
2844:New Testament papyri
2790:Samaritan Pentateuch
2415:Testament of Abraham
2353:1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan
1828:Second Thessalonians
1213:Logos Bible Software
811:Codices Alexandrinus
799:Acts of the Apostles
682:Pauline Christianity
414:Johannine literature
115:Acts of the Apostles
48:New Testament papyri
2959:New Testament books
2812:Muratorian fragment
2747:New Testament canon
2742:Old Testament canon
2635:Chapters and verses
2253:Additions to Daniel
2219:Additions to Esther
1331:1 Thessalonians 1:9
1251:, 1997. pp. 456–66.
1126:Imitation of Christ
892:Codex Claromontanus
399:New Testament canon
2969:Canonical epistles
2425:Testament of Jacob
2420:Testament of Isaac
2305:Prayer of Manasseh
2268:Bel and the Dragon
2248:Letter of Jeremiah
1820:Books of the Bible
1547:. Baker Academic.
1404:. Crossway. 2008.
1341:Ernest Best 1972,
1087:Closing salutation
950:
915:Delphi Inscription
913:early 40s AD. The
874:Codex Alexandrinus
825:had returned from
732:
627:Apocalypse of Paul
615:Related literature
529:Pauline literature
325:Book of Revelation
2936:
2935:
2905:Textual criticism
2468:
2467:
2392:Psalms of Solomon
2335:Orthodox Tewahedo
1923:
1922:
1834:
1833:
1825:Succeeded by
1817:
1762:at GospelHall.org
1554:978-1-4934-3215-8
1472:1 Corinthians 2:8
1306:978-0-19-875500-5
1190:978-1-4335-6343-0
789:is a city on the
720:
719:
494:
493:
424:Pastoral epistles
257:Catholic epistles
2986:
2964:Pauline epistles
2785:Dead Sea Scrolls
2767:Dating the Bible
2645:Historical books
2282:Eastern Orthodox
2195:Eastern Orthodox
2183:
2182:
2176:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1927:
1926:
1915:Textual variants
1860:
1853:
1846:
1837:
1836:
1813:
1804:Preceded by
1784:
1783:
1780:Various versions
1770:
1769:
1723:
1718:
1712:
1707:
1701:
1696:
1690:
1685:
1679:
1674:
1668:
1663:
1657:
1655:1 Thes. 4:1–5:25
1652:
1646:
1641:
1635:
1630:
1624:
1619:
1613:
1607:
1601:
1596:
1590:
1587:
1581:
1574:
1568:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1523:
1517:
1511:
1500:
1494:
1491:
1485:
1480:
1474:
1469:
1463:
1459:
1453:
1446:
1440:
1433:
1427:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1361:
1352:
1346:
1339:
1333:
1328:
1322:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1292:
1279:
1278:
1274:978-1-49341313-3
1258:
1252:
1241:Raymond E. Brown
1238:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1175:
1158:
1147:
993:first Jewish war
954:Clement Schrader
924:or questions of
886:Codex Freerianus
868:Codex Sinaiticus
758:, in modern-day
752:Paul the Apostle
712:
705:
698:
672:Paul the Apostle
520:
496:
495:
486:
479:
472:
455:
454:
445:Bible portal
443:
442:
441:
409:Synoptic Gospels
379:Petrine epistles
366:Pauline epistles
141:Pauline epistles
72:Four Evangelists
44:
19:
18:
2994:
2993:
2989:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2909:
2853:
2771:
2762:Christian canon
2725:
2660:Prophetic books
2623:
2554:2 Thessalonians
2549:1 Thessalonians
2464:
2431:
2396:
2367:
2329:
2288:
2274:
2202:
2174:
2173:
2165:
1976:
1972:
1963:
1954:
1924:
1919:
1903:
1869:
1864:
1830:
1818:
1809:
1799:
1789:
1767:
1732:
1727:
1726:
1719:
1715:
1710:1 Thes. 5:26–28
1708:
1704:
1699:1 Thes. 5:12–25
1697:
1693:
1686:
1682:
1677:1 Thes. 4:13–18
1675:
1671:
1664:
1660:
1653:
1649:
1642:
1638:
1631:
1627:
1620:
1616:
1608:
1604:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1584:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1562:
1555:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1518:
1514:
1510:, 64, pp. 79–94
1501:
1497:
1492:
1488:
1481:
1477:
1470:
1466:
1460:
1456:
1447:
1443:
1434:
1430:
1423:
1419:
1412:
1402:ESV Study Bible
1399:
1398:
1394:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1353:
1349:
1340:
1336:
1329:
1325:
1318:
1314:
1307:
1293:
1282:
1275:
1259:
1255:
1239:
1232:
1222:
1220:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1191:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1161:
1155:1 Thessalonians
1148:
1144:
1139:
1117:
1094:
1058:
1053:
970:
962:2 Thessalonians
938:
906:
901:
862:Codex Vaticanus
839:
784:
748:Christian Bible
740:Pauline epistle
716:
687:
686:
667:
666:
657:
656:
642:Paul and Thecla
617:
616:
607:
606:
582:2 Thessalonians
577:1 Thessalonians
537:
536:
490:
461:
449:
439:
437:
429:
428:
394:
393:
384:
383:
375:
359:
355:Johannine works
342:
341:
330:
329:
316:
313:
302:
281:
253:
245:
229:
213:
209:2 Thessalonians
204:1 Thessalonians
197:
181:
165:
136:
135:
120:
119:
104:
101:
67:
66:
51:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2992:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2900:Synod of Hippo
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2861:
2859:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2834:Masoretic Text
2831:
2826:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2781:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2718:
2717:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2670:Minor prophets
2667:
2665:Major prophets
2657:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2631:
2629:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2478:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2451:
2450:
2443:Pseudepigrapha
2439:
2437:
2436:Classification
2433:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2406:
2404:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2382:Psalms 152–155
2378:
2376:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2339:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2250:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2197:
2192:
2186:
2180:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2036:1–2 Chronicles
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1982:
1980:
1965:
1964:
1953:
1952:
1945:
1938:
1930:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1911:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1863:
1862:
1855:
1848:
1840:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1823:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1790:
1787:
1782:
1781:
1764:
1756:
1747:
1738:
1731:
1730:External links
1728:
1725:
1724:
1713:
1702:
1691:
1688:1 Thes. 5:1–11
1680:
1669:
1666:1 Thes. 4:1–12
1658:
1647:
1644:1 Thes. 3:1–13
1636:
1633:1 Thes. 2:1–20
1625:
1622:1 Thes. 1:1–10
1614:
1602:
1591:
1582:
1569:
1560:
1553:
1533:
1524:
1512:
1495:
1493:Pearson, p. 88
1486:
1475:
1464:
1454:
1441:
1428:
1417:
1411:978-1433502415
1410:
1392:
1362:
1347:
1334:
1323:
1312:
1305:
1280:
1273:
1253:
1230:
1200:
1189:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1116:
1113:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1033:Lukan language
1022:
1021:
1014:
999:
996:
985:
969:
966:
937:
934:
905:
902:
900:
897:
896:
895:
889:
883:
877:
871:
865:
859:
853:
838:
835:
783:
780:
764:Paul's letters
718:
717:
715:
714:
707:
700:
692:
689:
688:
685:
684:
679:
674:
668:
664:
663:
662:
659:
658:
655:
654:
652:Prayer of Paul
649:
647:Peter and Paul
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
618:
614:
613:
612:
609:
608:
605:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
538:
527:
526:
525:
522:
521:
513:
512:
505:
504:
503:of articles on
492:
491:
489:
488:
481:
474:
466:
463:
462:
460:
459:
447:
434:
431:
430:
427:
426:
421:
411:
406:
401:
395:
392:Related topics
391:
390:
389:
386:
385:
382:
381:
376:
374:
373:
368:
362:
360:
358:
357:
352:
346:
343:
337:
336:
335:
332:
331:
328:
327:
321:
320:
315:
314:
312:
311:
305:
303:
301:
300:
295:
290:
284:
282:
280:
279:
274:
268:
266:
260:
259:
252:
251:
246:
244:
243:
238:
232:
230:
228:
227:
222:
216:
214:
212:
211:
206:
200:
198:
196:
195:
190:
184:
182:
180:
179:
174:
168:
166:
164:
163:
158:
152:
150:
144:
143:
137:
127:
126:
125:
122:
121:
118:
117:
111:
110:
103:
102:
100:
99:
94:
89:
84:
78:
75:
74:
68:
58:
57:
56:
53:
52:
45:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2991:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2912:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2695:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2626:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2517:2 Corinthians
2515:
2513:
2512:1 Corinthians
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2474:New Testament
2471:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2455:New Testament
2453:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2434:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2370:
2364:
2363:Broader canon
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2277:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2172:
2168:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2076:Song of Songs
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1974:Old Testament
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1951:
1946:
1944:
1939:
1937:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1861:
1856:
1854:
1849:
1847:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1829:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1815:New Testament
1808:
1802:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1785:
1779:
1775:
1774:
1773:Thessalonians
1765:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1755:
1752:entry in the
1751:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1743:Bible Gateway
1739:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1722:
1717:
1711:
1706:
1700:
1695:
1689:
1684:
1678:
1673:
1667:
1662:
1656:
1651:
1645:
1640:
1634:
1629:
1623:
1618:
1611:
1606:
1600:
1595:
1586:
1579:
1573:
1564:
1556:
1550:
1546:
1545:
1537:
1528:
1521:
1516:
1509:
1505:
1499:
1490:
1484:
1479:
1473:
1468:
1458:
1451:
1445:
1438:
1437:Thessalonians
1432:
1426:
1421:
1413:
1407:
1403:
1396:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1376:public domain
1366:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1327:
1321:
1316:
1308:
1302:
1298:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1276:
1270:
1266:
1265:
1257:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1235:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1204:
1196:
1192:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1180:ESV Pew Bible
1174:
1170:
1156:
1152:
1146:
1142:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1112:
1110:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1086:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1037:Second Coming
1034:
1030:
1025:
1019:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
997:
994:
991:prior to the
990:
986:
983:
979:
975:
974:
973:
965:
963:
959:
955:
947:
946:Minuscule 699
942:
933:
931:
927:
923:
918:
916:
911:
910:New Testament
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
863:
860:
858:(3rd century)
857:
854:
851:
848:
847:
846:
844:
834:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
803:
800:
796:
792:
791:Thermaic Gulf
788:
779:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
744:New Testament
741:
737:
729:
724:
713:
708:
706:
701:
699:
694:
693:
691:
690:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
669:
661:
660:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
622:Lost epistles
620:
619:
611:
610:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
552:2 Corinthians
550:
548:
547:1 Corinthians
545:
543:
540:
539:
534:
530:
524:
523:
519:
515:
514:
510:
507:
506:
502:
498:
497:
487:
482:
480:
475:
473:
468:
467:
465:
464:
458:
453:
448:
446:
436:
435:
433:
432:
425:
422:
419:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
396:
388:
387:
380:
377:
372:
369:
367:
364:
363:
361:
356:
353:
351:
348:
347:
345:
344:
340:
334:
333:
326:
323:
322:
318:
317:
310:
307:
306:
304:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
285:
283:
278:
275:
273:
270:
269:
267:
265:
262:
261:
258:
255:
254:
250:
247:
242:
239:
237:
234:
233:
231:
226:
223:
221:
218:
217:
215:
210:
207:
205:
202:
201:
199:
194:
191:
189:
186:
185:
183:
178:
175:
173:
170:
169:
167:
162:
161:2 Corinthians
159:
157:
156:1 Corinthians
154:
153:
151:
149:
146:
145:
142:
139:
138:
134:
130:
124:
123:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
105:
98:
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
79:
77:
76:
73:
70:
69:
65:
61:
55:
54:
49:
43:
39:
38:
35:
34:New Testament
30:
29:
25:
21:
20:
2823:Vetus Latina
2821:
2804:
2757:Jewish canon
2752:Antilegomena
2654:Poetic Books
2650:Wisdom books
2628:Subdivisions
2548:
2541:
2246: /
2171:Deuterocanon
2091:Lamentations
2071:Ecclesiastes
1978:(protocanon)
1969:Hebrew Bible
1866:
1812:
1791:
1772:
1760:Online Bible
1759:
1742:
1716:
1705:
1694:
1683:
1672:
1661:
1650:
1639:
1628:
1617:
1609:
1605:
1598:
1594:
1585:
1577:
1572:
1563:
1543:
1536:
1527:
1519:
1515:
1507:
1498:
1489:
1478:
1467:
1457:
1449:
1444:
1439:, pp. 22–29.
1436:
1431:
1425:Acts 18:1–18
1420:
1401:
1395:
1384:
1365:
1350:
1342:
1337:
1326:
1315:
1296:
1263:
1256:
1249:Anchor Bible
1244:
1221:. Retrieved
1212:
1203:
1179:
1173:
1154:
1153:, or simply
1150:
1145:
1106:
1095:
1026:
1023:
1011:wrath of God
971:
951:
936:Authenticity
919:
907:
840:
831:Thessalonica
804:
795:Roman Empire
787:Thessalonica
785:
756:Thessalonica
735:
733:
637:Acts of Paul
576:
511:in the Bible
203:
31:Books of the
2928:WikiProject
2806:Diatessaron
2777:Manuscripts
2730:Development
2532:Philippians
2402:Beta Israel
2320:4 Maccabees
2315:3 Maccabees
2229:2 Maccabees
2224:1 Maccabees
2006:Deuteronomy
1359:1 Thes. 3:6
1320:Acts 17:1–9
899:Composition
852:(c. AD 200)
776:Koine Greek
567:Philippians
188:Philippians
2943:Categories
2865:Authorship
2795:Septuagint
2640:Pentateuch
2619:Revelation
2543:Laodiceans
2537:Colossians
2026:1–2 Samuel
1807:Colossians
1165:References
856:Papyrus 65
850:Papyrus 46
815:Mosquensis
728:Papyrus 65
572:Colossians
533:Authorship
339:Authorship
319:Apocalypse
193:Colossians
133:Apocalypse
108:Lukan Acts
2704:Johannine
2564:2 Timothy
2559:1 Timothy
2527:Ephesians
2522:Galatians
2310:Psalm 151
2178:apocrypha
2156:Zechariah
2146:Zephaniah
2031:1–2 Kings
1996:Leviticus
1522:, p. 1155
1483:Rom 11:26
1355:Acts 18:5
1223:April 21,
1045:redaction
989:Palestine
968:Integrity
958:F.C. Baur
876:(400–440)
870:(330–360)
864:(325–350)
827:Macedonia
819:Angelicus
592:2 Timothy
587:1 Timothy
562:Ephesians
557:Galatians
350:Luke-Acts
225:2 Timothy
220:1 Timothy
177:Ephesians
172:Galatians
2918:Category
2817:Peshitta
2714:Catholic
2709:Pastoral
2694:Epistles
2687:Synoptic
2574:Philemon
2387:2 Baruch
2374:Peshitta
2348:Jubilees
2300:2 Esdras
2295:1 Esdras
2190:Catholic
2141:Habakkuk
2086:Jeremiah
2066:Proverbs
2046:Nehemiah
1894:Silvanus
1778:LibriVox
1217:Archived
1195:Archived
1115:See also
1051:Contents
894:(c. 550)
888:(c. 450)
882:(c. 450)
768:Claudius
665:See also
602:Philemon
501:a series
499:Part of
418:epistles
241:Philemon
129:Epistles
24:a series
22:Part of
2890:Studies
2858:Related
2829:Vulgate
2699:Pauline
2677:Gospels
2594:2 Peter
2589:1 Peter
2579:Hebrews
2482:Matthew
2372:Syriac
2258:Susanna
2161:Malachi
2121:Obadiah
2096:Ezekiel
2001:Numbers
1986:Genesis
1959:of the
1908:Related
1899:Timothy
1874:Persons
1796:Epistle
1793:Pauline
1378::
1102:apostle
1056:Outline
823:Timothy
807:Corinth
746:of the
742:of the
531: (
371:Hebrews
277:2 Peter
272:1 Peter
249:Hebrews
82:Matthew
60:Gospels
2923:Portal
2800:Targum
2609:3 John
2604:2 John
2599:1 John
2507:Romans
2460:Jewish
2285:Others
2244:Baruch
2239:Sirach
2234:Wisdom
2214:Judith
2199:Others
2151:Haggai
2101:Daniel
2081:Isaiah
2061:Psalms
2051:Esther
2016:Judges
2011:Joshua
1991:Exodus
1884:Christ
1551:
1462:2:290.
1435:Best,
1408:
1303:
1271:
1187:
1018:syntax
1003:aorist
817:, and
760:Greece
542:Romans
298:3 John
293:2 John
288:1 John
148:Romans
2584:James
2569:Titus
2343:Enoch
2209:Tobit
2136:Nahum
2131:Micah
2126:Jonah
2106:Hosea
1961:Bible
1957:Books
1881:Jesus
1137:Notes
1098:Silas
738:is a
597:Titus
264:James
236:Titus
2682:List
2614:Jude
2502:Acts
2497:John
2492:Luke
2487:Mark
2448:list
2325:Odes
2116:Amos
2111:Joel
2041:Ezra
2021:Ruth
1889:Paul
1549:ISBN
1406:ISBN
1301:ISBN
1269:ISBN
1225:2022
1185:ISBN
1092:Text
1016:The
1001:The
956:and
904:Date
734:The
509:Paul
309:Jude
131:and
97:John
92:Luke
87:Mark
64:Acts
62:and
2175:and
2056:Job
1506:",
1039:in
2945::
1357:;
1283:^
1247:,
1243:,
1233:^
1215:.
1211:.
1193:.
964:.
833:.
813:,
778:.
26:on
2656:)
2652:(
1971:/
1949:e
1942:t
1935:v
1859:e
1852:t
1845:v
1612:.
1557:.
1414:.
1309:.
1277:.
1227:.
995:.
711:e
704:t
697:v
535:)
485:e
478:t
471:v
420:)
416:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
