1035:
3334:
37:
3346:
994:, from which it is derived, means a revelation. It has been defined by John J Collins as "a genre of revelatory literature with a narrative framework, in which a revelation is mediated by an otherworldly being to a human recipient, disclosing a transcendent reality which is both temporal, in that it envisages
1070:
the authors of apocalyptic works released their books under pseudonyms (false names): the Book of Daniel, for example, was composed during the 2nd century BCE but took the name of the legendary Daniel for its hero. Pseudonymity may have been used to secure acceptance for the new works, to protect the
1046:
Apocalyptic revelations are typically mediated through such means as dreams and visions (the ancient world did not distinguish between these), angels, and heavenly journeys. These serve to connect two sets of axes, the spatial axis which has God and the heavenly realm above and the human world below,
942:, last, concerns expectations of the end of the present age, and apocalyptic eschatology is the application of the apocalyptic world-view to the end of the world, when God will bring judgment to the world and save his followers. An apocalypse will often contain much eschatological material like the
998:
salvation, and spatial, insofar as it involves another, supernatural world." Collins later refined his definition by adding that apocalypse "is intended to interpret present, earthly circumstances in light of the supernatural world and of the future, and to influence both the understanding and the
1047:
and the temporal axis of the present and the future. The revelation thus demonstrates that God rules the visible world, and that the present days are leading to an end-time in which divine justice will be done and God's rule will become visible. Mythic images with their roots in texts from the
924:, cosmological and (pessimistic) historical surveys, the division of time into periods, esoteric numerology, and claims of ecstasy and inspiration. Almost all are written under pseudonyms (false names), claiming as author a venerated hero from previous centuries, as with the
957:
Scholars have identified examples of the genre ranging from the mid-2nd century BCE to the 2nd century CE, and examples are to be found in
Persian and Greco-Roman literature as well as Jewish and Christian. The sole clear case in the Jewish Bible
954:, for example, can be considered apocalyptic in that the heavens open for the presence of a divine mediator (the dove representing the spirit of God) and a voice communicates supernatural information, but there is no eschatological element.
1071:
real authors from reprisals, or because the authors had experienced what they believed to be genuine revelations from the famous past figure or identified with him and claimed to write on his behalf.
920:
being reveals cosmic mysteries or the future to a human intermediary. The means of mediation include dreams, visions and heavenly journeys, and they typically feature symbolic imagery drawn from the
1014:
dualism may also have played a role. The reasons for its rise are obscure, but there seems to be a connection to times of crisis, such as the 2nd century BCE persecution of the Jews reflected in
1002:
The genre of Jewish and
Christian apocalypse flourished c.250 BCE-250 CE, but its antecedents can be traced back much further, in the Jewish prophetic and wisdom traditions (e.g.,
1010:
1-6), and in the mythologies of the
Ancient Near East, which have left a legacy of symbology (e.g., the sea as a symbol of chaos in Daniel 7 and Revelation 13:1).
2786:
2125:
2082:
2051:
1916:
3179:
891:
19:
This article is about the literary genre in Judeo-Christian religious culture. For the related genre of religious writings about "end times", see
1055:, mythology, pessimistic cosmological and historical surveys, dualism (including a doctrine of two ages and the division of time into periods),
3077:
1361:
1996:
2130:
2233:
3236:
3174:
24:
1909:
2315:
1881:
1839:
1640:
867:
2253:
2808:
2248:
2147:
1873:
Between
Symbolism and Realism: The Use of Symbolic and Non-Symbolic Language in Ancient Jewish Apocalypses 333-63 B.C.E.
3208:
1902:
2228:
1860:
1816:
1793:
1772:
1749:
1726:
1705:
1684:
1661:
2793:
2489:
1280:
458:
218:
2840:
2337:
2310:
1941:
186:
3405:
2198:
1275:
1034:
943:
2588:
2494:
1946:
1371:
734:
1051:
and rich in symbolic meaning are a significant characteristic of the genre. Further characteristics include
427:
3241:
2638:
2538:
728:
3372:
3121:
2320:
2270:
1308:
28:
2781:
2633:
2608:
2018:
1318:
1183:
463:
229:
3400:
3251:
3184:
3027:
2759:
2754:
2628:
2458:
2300:
2087:
1323:
1313:
860:
674:
3357:
3246:
3141:
3067:
2894:
2523:
2223:
1925:
1188:
1158:
1052:
1015:
929:
437:
3395:
3352:
2921:
2776:
2072:
1220:
1168:
1153:
234:
149:
41:
633:
3367:
3201:
3148:
3042:
2865:
2710:
2068:
884:
836:
95:
20:
1850:
1716:
1672:
1651:
2771:
2583:
2045:
2006:
1871:
1827:
1804:
1783:
1760:
1737:
1628:
1341:
1285:
1148:
1133:
802:
613:
170:
110:
1695:
990:"Apocalypse" has come to be used popularly as a synonym for catastrophe, but the Greek word
3136:
2933:
2835:
2700:
2662:
2412:
2216:
2110:
1296:
1290:
1260:
853:
625:
287:
81:
63:
8:
3277:
3057:
2928:
2850:
2448:
2394:
2342:
2305:
2295:
2001:
1356:
1270:
1143:
1060:
1056:
617:
534:
468:
373:
3410:
2980:
2975:
2953:
2938:
2830:
2618:
2598:
2548:
2511:
2501:
2352:
2189:
1346:
1265:
1248:
1173:
1138:
1067:
967:
585:
581:
577:
483:
417:
387:
128:
3213:
3114:
2909:
2717:
2682:
2643:
2593:
2484:
2468:
2211:
2174:
2152:
2137:
2120:
2038:
1877:
1856:
1835:
1812:
1789:
1768:
1745:
1722:
1701:
1680:
1657:
1636:
1230:
1109:
1007:
951:
511:
422:
339:
271:
49:
3362:
3297:
3126:
3104:
2948:
2916:
2904:
2880:
2506:
2453:
2443:
2402:
2332:
2327:
2056:
1964:
1091:
979:
947:
913:
629:
397:
258:
144:
3191:
3032:
2603:
2463:
2379:
2367:
2347:
2243:
2033:
2013:
1936:
1097:
1003:
787:
650:
506:
53:
3333:
705:
3169:
3109:
3094:
3047:
2943:
2889:
2749:
2407:
2384:
2357:
2275:
2265:
2167:
2162:
2028:
1979:
1336:
1115:
1085:
1039:
963:
925:
909:
831:
797:
516:
501:
453:
402:
263:
133:
3389:
3312:
3196:
3153:
3099:
3087:
3072:
3062:
2985:
2899:
2875:
2870:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2650:
2238:
2179:
2142:
2094:
1366:
971:
959:
825:
812:
807:
664:
589:
321:
248:
175:
36:
1894:
928:, composed during the 2nd century BCE but bearing the name of the legendary
3338:
3272:
3004:
2990:
2845:
2655:
2623:
2613:
2516:
2362:
2260:
2206:
2115:
1974:
1193:
1103:
1048:
921:
917:
758:
695:
621:
392:
1809:
The
Reality of Apocalypse: Rhetoric and Politics in the Book of Revelation
3317:
2860:
2855:
2692:
2677:
2553:
2528:
2157:
2077:
1984:
1969:
1351:
1235:
1011:
995:
935:
749:
669:
310:
71:
2999:
700:
3267:
3082:
3052:
2825:
2813:
2573:
2435:
2061:
1215:
1063:" in Revelation), claims of ecstasy and inspiration, and esotericism.
905:
817:
305:
191:
1763:. In Ferda, Tucker; Frayer-Griggs, Daniel; C. Johnson, Nathan (eds.).
3009:
2798:
2727:
2672:
2667:
2533:
2374:
2280:
2023:
1240:
897:
792:
763:
353:
213:
3302:
3287:
2818:
2803:
2705:
2543:
1991:
1198:
1178:
1023:
966:, but there are many examples from non-canonical Jewish works; the
557:
552:
90:
1653:
Prophecy in Early
Christianity and the Ancient Mediterranean World
3282:
3131:
2968:
2958:
2766:
2578:
2290:
2285:
1225:
1128:
975:
821:
679:
593:
546:
538:
432:
407:
300:
916:(597-587 BCE) but persisting in Christianity and Islam. In it a
3292:
3218:
1019:
720:
542:
45:
16:
Concept of a prophetic revelation, sometimes about eschatology
2963:
2722:
1163:
412:
358:
348:
3307:
1420:
1418:
974:, but passages reflecting the genre are to be found in the
23:. For contemporary fiction about cataclysm in general, see
1629:"Old Testament Eschatology and the Rise of Apocalypticism"
1079:
999:
behaviour of the audience by means of divine authority."
1592:
1018:, or the destruction of the Temple in 70 CE reflected in
1465:
1463:
1415:
1516:
1514:
1718:
1580:
1570:
1568:
1526:
1450:
1448:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1399:
912:
originating in
Judaism in the centuries following the
2126:
Self-indication assumption doomsday argument rebuttal
1555:
1553:
1487:
1475:
1460:
1435:
1433:
2052:
Safety of high-energy particle collision experiments
1538:
1511:
1204:
1740:. In Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (eds.).
1675:. In Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (eds.).
1604:
1565:
1499:
1445:
1396:
1550:
1430:
1384:
3387:
3180:List of apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction
3078:List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events
1362:List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events
2083:Existential risk from artificial intelligence
1924:
1910:
1832:The Oxford Handbook of Apocalyptic Literature
861:
1209:
2131:Self-referencing doomsday argument rebuttal
1828:"The Inheritance of Prophecy in Apocalypse"
2234:Climate change and civilizational collapse
1917:
1903:
1761:"The Eschatology of the Gospel of Matthew"
868:
854:
985:
3237:Centre for the Study of Existential Risk
3175:Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction
1869:
1735:
1598:
1586:
1493:
1424:
1033:
35:
25:Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction
1848:
1714:
1670:
1532:
1481:
1469:
1080:Canonical (including proto-apocalyptic)
3388:
1825:
1805:"Reading the Apocalypse as Apocalypse"
1802:
1758:
1626:
1544:
1520:
1505:
1454:
1409:
1898:
1781:
1693:
1574:
1559:
1439:
1390:
1074:
2254:Tipping points in the climate system
1649:
1610:
2249:Extinction risk from climate change
2148:New World Order (conspiracy theory)
13:
3209:List of fictional doomsday devices
1811:. Society of Biblical Literature.
1633:The Oxford Handbook of Eschatology
1254:
1029:
14:
3422:
2229:Cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis
1830:. In Collins, John Joseph (ed.).
1205:Christian and gnostic apocalypses
3345:
3344:
3332:
2490:Decline in amphibian populations
1742:Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible
1677:Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible
1281:Apocalypse of Samuel of Kalamoun
1122:
2841:Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
2338:Land surface effects on climate
2311:Human impact on the environment
1942:Future of an expanding universe
1765:"To Recover What Has Been Lost"
1736:Crawford, Sidnie White (2000).
1276:Apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius
978:and in nearly all the genuine
970:is the only apocalypse in the
1:
2787:Interpretations of Revelation
2589:Cosmological phase transition
2495:Decline in insect populations
1947:Ultimate fate of the universe
1378:
1372:Ultimate fate of the universe
735:Divine Incantations Scripture
3242:Future of Humanity Institute
2639:Potentially hazardous object
2539:Interplanetary contamination
1876:Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
1852:Introduction to the Prophets
1631:. In Walls, Jerry L. (ed.).
944:epiphany of Paul the Apostle
7:
3122:Nemesis (hypothetical star)
2271:Global terrestrial stilling
1834:. Oxford University Press.
1807:. In Barr, David L. (ed.).
1803:Linton, Gregory L. (2006).
1635:. Oxford University Press.
1329:
1309:Gnostic Apocalypse of Peter
1199:Syriac Apocalypse of Baruch
932:from the 6th century BCE.
29:Apocalypse (disambiguation)
10:
3427:
2634:Asteroid impact prediction
2609:Heat death of the universe
2019:Mutual assured destruction
1785:The Mother of All Theology
1619:
1319:Second Apocalypse of James
1302:
1184:Greek Apocalypse of Daniel
1179:Greek Apocalypse of Baruch
1066:With the exception of the
962:) is chapters 7-12 of the
890:
18:
3326:
3260:
3252:Nuclear Threat Initiative
3229:
3185:List of apocalyptic films
3162:
3028:2011 end times prediction
3020:
2760:Prophecy of Seventy Weeks
2755:Abomination of desolation
2691:
2629:Asteroid impact avoidance
2566:
2477:
2459:List of extinction events
2434:
2427:
2393:
2301:Environmental degradation
2197:
2188:
2103:
2088:Technological singularity
1957:
1932:
1926:Global catastrophic risks
1870:Reynolds, Bennie (2011).
1849:Redditt, Paul L. (2008).
1715:Collins, John J. (1984).
1671:Carroll, John T. (2000).
1324:Coptic Apocalypse of Paul
1314:First Apocalypse of James
1210:Canonical (New Testament)
3247:Future of Life Institute
3149:Resurrection of the dead
3142:Post-tribulation rapture
2524:Colony collapse disorder
1782:Lewis, Scott M. (2004).
1189:Greek Apocalypse of Ezra
1159:Apocalypse of Zerubbabel
630:Resurrection of the dead
553:Medieval Jewish scholars
2073:Artificial intelligence
1221:The Sheep and the Goats
1154:Apocalypse of Zephaniah
40:Apocalypse depicted in
3202:List of disaster films
3043:Apocalyptic literature
2143:Malthusian catastrophe
2069:Synthetic intelligence
1826:Najman, Hindy (2014).
1043:
986:Definition and history
837:Universal resurrection
56:
27:. For other uses, see
21:Apocalyptic literature
3406:Christian terminology
2584:Coronal mass ejection
2046:Electromagnetic pulse
2007:Kinetic energy weapon
1759:Foster, Paul (2020).
1627:Arnold, Bill (2007).
1342:Christian eschatology
1286:Apocalypse of Stephen
1149:Apocalypse of Sedrach
1134:Apocalypse of Abraham
1037:
1016:Daniel's final vision
803:Fate of the unlearned
39:
2986:War of Gog and Magog
2663:Near-Earth supernova
2413:Human overpopulation
2217:Mass mortality event
2111:Anthropogenic hazard
1694:Carey, Greg (2012).
1650:Aune, David (1983).
1297:Apocalypse of Elijah
1291:Apocalypse of Thomas
1261:Apocalypse of Golias
1169:Gabriel's Revelation
946:, but need not: the
908:, disclosure') is a
626:War of Gog and Magog
288:Events of Revelation
3058:Blood moon prophecy
2851:Number of the Beast
2449:Holocene extinction
2395:Earth Overshoot Day
2343:Ocean acidification
2306:Habitat destruction
2296:Ecological collapse
2002:Kinetic bombardment
1937:Future of the Earth
1357:Islamic eschatology
1271:Apocalypse of Peter
1144:Apocalypse of Moses
1061:number of the beast
535:Rabbinic literature
459:Coming of the Mahdi
454:Swallowing in Bayda
3373:Doomsday scenarios
2939:Beast of the Earth
2831:Book of Revelation
2619:Virtual black hole
2599:False vacuum decay
2549:Pollinator decline
2512:Biological warfare
2502:Biotechnology risk
2353:Resource depletion
1347:Climate apocalypse
1266:Apocalypse of Paul
1249:Book of Revelation
1174:Genesis Apocryphon
1164:Aramaic Apocalypse
1139:Apocalypse of Adam
1075:Jewish apocalypses
1068:Apocalypse of John
1044:
968:Book of Revelation
614:Atchalta De'Geulah
586:Mashiach Ben Yosef
582:Mashiach Ben David
578:Elijah the Prophet
388:Beast of the Earth
129:Book of Revelation
57:
42:Christian Orthodox
3383:
3382:
3214:Zombie apocalypse
3115:Postmillennialism
2910:Great Tribulation
2683:Stellar collision
2644:Near-Earth object
2594:Geomagnetic storm
2562:
2561:
2485:Biodiversity loss
2469:Genetic pollution
2423:
2422:
2212:Biodiversity loss
2175:Societal collapse
2153:Nuclear holocaust
2138:Economic collapse
2121:Doomsday argument
2039:Antimatter weapon
1883:978-0-8091-4228-6
1841:978-0-19-985649-7
1788:. Paulist Press.
1700:. Chalice Press.
1642:978-0-19-988359-2
1231:2 Thessalonians 2
1053:transcendentalism
878:
877:
675:Líf and Lífþrasir
658:Figures and items
512:Book of Zechariah
272:Postmillennialism
50:Osogovo Monastery
3418:
3401:Christian genres
3348:
3347:
3339:World portal
3337:
3336:
3298:Financial crisis
3127:Nibiru cataclysm
3105:Premillennialism
2949:Dhul-Suwayqatayn
2917:Son of perdition
2905:Olivet Discourse
2881:Whore of Babylon
2507:Biological agent
2454:Human extinction
2444:Extinction event
2432:
2431:
2403:Overexploitation
2333:Land consumption
2328:Land degradation
2195:
2194:
2057:Micro black hole
1965:Chemical warfare
1919:
1912:
1905:
1896:
1895:
1887:
1866:
1845:
1822:
1799:
1778:
1755:
1732:
1711:
1690:
1667:
1646:
1614:
1608:
1602:
1601:, p. 72-73.
1596:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1563:
1557:
1548:
1542:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1518:
1509:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1458:
1452:
1443:
1437:
1428:
1427:, p. 45-46.
1422:
1413:
1407:
1394:
1388:
1088:24–27; 33; 34–35
980:Pauline epistles
952:Matthew's gospel
948:baptism of Jesus
914:Babylonian exile
901:
894:
870:
863:
856:
604:Events and terms
398:Dhul-Suwayqatayn
259:Premillennialism
145:Olivet Discourse
59:
58:
3426:
3425:
3421:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3358:Future problems
3331:
3322:
3256:
3225:
3192:Climate fiction
3158:
3033:2012 phenomenon
3016:
2922:Sheep and Goats
2809:2 Thessalonians
2687:
2604:Gamma-ray burst
2558:
2473:
2464:Genetic erosion
2419:
2389:
2380:Water pollution
2348:Ozone depletion
2244:Desertification
2184:
2099:
2034:Doomsday device
2014:Nuclear warfare
1953:
1928:
1923:
1892:
1890:
1884:
1863:
1842:
1819:
1796:
1775:
1752:
1729:
1708:
1697:Ultimate Things
1687:
1664:
1643:
1622:
1617:
1609:
1605:
1597:
1593:
1585:
1581:
1573:
1566:
1558:
1551:
1543:
1539:
1531:
1527:
1519:
1512:
1504:
1500:
1492:
1488:
1480:
1476:
1468:
1461:
1453:
1446:
1438:
1431:
1423:
1416:
1408:
1397:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1376:
1332:
1305:
1257:
1212:
1207:
1125:
1082:
1077:
1032:
1030:Characteristics
988:
874:
845:
844:
841:
788:2012 phenomenon
780:
779:
778:Inter-religious
770:
769:
768:
753:
752:
741:
740:
724:
723:
712:
711:
710:
684:
654:
653:
642:
641:
638:
618:Kibbutz Galuyot
598:
562:
521:
507:Book of Ezekiel
487:
486:
475:
474:
473:
442:
438:Yajuj and Majuj
377:
376:
365:
364:
363:
343:
342:
331:
330:
329:
326:
315:
276:
268:
242:
239:
223:
205:Different views
199:
196:
180:
154:
150:Sheep and Goats
138:
114:
113:
102:
101:
100:
85:
84:
54:North Macedonia
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3424:
3414:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3396:Apocalypticism
3381:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3353:Apocalypticism
3342:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3233:
3231:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3211:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3197:Disaster films
3194:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3182:
3172:
3170:Alien invasion
3166:
3164:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3112:
3110:Amillennialism
3107:
3097:
3095:Millenarianism
3092:
3091:
3090:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3048:Apocalypticism
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3024:
3022:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3002:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2973:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2944:Dhu al-Qarnayn
2941:
2936:
2926:
2925:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2890:Great Apostasy
2887:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2828:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2779:
2769:
2764:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2747:
2737:
2735:Last Judgement
2732:
2731:
2730:
2725:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2697:
2695:
2693:Eschatological
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2636:
2631:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2499:
2498:
2497:
2492:
2481:
2479:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2440:
2438:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2416:
2415:
2408:Overpopulation
2405:
2399:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2385:Water scarcity
2382:
2377:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2360:
2358:Sea level rise
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2321:on marine life
2318:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2276:Global warming
2273:
2268:
2266:Global dimming
2263:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2224:Cascade effect
2221:
2220:
2219:
2209:
2203:
2201:
2199:Climate change
2192:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2118:
2113:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2029:Doomsday Clock
2026:
2021:
2011:
2010:
2009:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1982:
1980:Cyberterrorism
1977:
1967:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1922:
1921:
1914:
1907:
1899:
1889:
1888:
1882:
1867:
1861:
1846:
1840:
1823:
1817:
1800:
1794:
1779:
1773:
1756:
1750:
1733:
1727:
1712:
1706:
1691:
1685:
1668:
1662:
1647:
1641:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1613:, p. 109.
1603:
1591:
1579:
1564:
1549:
1537:
1535:, p. 106.
1525:
1510:
1498:
1486:
1484:, p. 420.
1474:
1472:, p. 180.
1459:
1444:
1429:
1414:
1395:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1337:Apocalypticism
1333:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1040:Seven trumpets
1031:
1028:
996:eschatological
987:
984:
964:Book of Daniel
926:Book of Daniel
910:literary genre
876:
875:
873:
872:
865:
858:
850:
847:
846:
843:
842:
840:
839:
834:
832:Millenarianism
829:
815:
810:
805:
800:
798:Apocalypticism
795:
790:
784:
781:
777:
776:
775:
772:
771:
767:
766:
761:
755:
754:
748:
747:
746:
743:
742:
739:
738:
731:
725:
719:
718:
717:
714:
713:
709:
708:
703:
698:
692:
683:
682:
677:
672:
667:
661:
655:
649:
648:
647:
644:
643:
640:
639:
637:
636:
610:
600:
599:
597:
596:
574:
564:
563:
561:
560:
555:
550:
531:
529:
522:
520:
519:
517:Book of Daniel
514:
509:
504:
502:Book of Isaiah
498:
496:
493:Biblical texts
488:
482:
481:
480:
477:
476:
472:
471:
466:
461:
456:
450:
441:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
384:
378:
372:
371:
370:
367:
366:
362:
361:
356:
351:
345:
344:
338:
337:
336:
333:
332:
328:
327:
325:
324:
318:
316:
314:
313:
308:
303:
297:
295:
285:
277:
275:
274:
269:
267:
266:
264:Amillennialism
261:
255:
253:
243:
241:
240:
238:
237:
232:
226:
224:
222:
221:
216:
210:
208:
200:
198:
197:
195:
194:
189:
183:
181:
179:
178:
173:
167:
165:
157:
156:
155:
153:
152:
147:
141:
139:
137:
136:
134:Book of Daniel
131:
125:
123:
120:Biblical texts
115:
109:
108:
107:
104:
103:
99:
98:
93:
87:
86:
80:
79:
78:
75:
74:
68:
67:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3423:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3391:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3368:Risk analysis
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3325:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3313:Social crisis
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3259:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3230:Organizations
3228:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3155:
3154:World to come
3152:
3150:
3147:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3100:Millennialism
3098:
3096:
3093:
3089:
3088:Messianic Age
3086:
3085:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3073:Gog and Magog
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3063:Earth Changes
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2977:
2974:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2900:New Jerusalem
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2876:War in Heaven
2874:
2872:
2871:Two witnesses
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2742:
2741:
2740:Second Coming
2738:
2736:
2733:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2719:
2716:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2486:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2430:
2426:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2239:Deforestation
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2180:World War III
2178:
2176:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2096:
2095:Transhumanism
2093:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1958:Technological
1956:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1920:
1915:
1913:
1908:
1906:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1893:
1885:
1879:
1875:
1874:
1868:
1864:
1862:9780802828965
1858:
1854:
1853:
1847:
1843:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1820:
1818:9781589832183
1814:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1795:9780809142286
1791:
1787:
1786:
1780:
1776:
1774:9789004444010
1770:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1753:
1751:9789053565032
1747:
1743:
1739:
1738:"Apocalyptic"
1734:
1730:
1728:9780802800206
1724:
1720:
1719:
1713:
1709:
1707:9780827238183
1703:
1699:
1698:
1692:
1688:
1686:9789053565032
1682:
1678:
1674:
1673:"Eschatology"
1669:
1665:
1663:9780802806352
1659:
1655:
1654:
1648:
1644:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1625:
1624:
1612:
1607:
1600:
1599:Crawford 2000
1595:
1589:, p. 72.
1588:
1587:Crawford 2000
1583:
1577:, p. 17.
1576:
1571:
1569:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1547:, p. 40.
1546:
1541:
1534:
1529:
1523:, p. 80.
1522:
1517:
1515:
1508:, p. 81.
1507:
1502:
1496:, p. 73.
1495:
1494:Crawford 2000
1490:
1483:
1478:
1471:
1466:
1464:
1457:, p. 35.
1456:
1451:
1449:
1442:, p. 12.
1441:
1436:
1434:
1426:
1425:Reynolds 2011
1421:
1419:
1412:, p. 37.
1411:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1392:
1387:
1383:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1367:Messianic Age
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1298:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1255:Non-canonical
1250:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1123:Non-canonical
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1072:
1069:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1041:
1036:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1000:
997:
993:
983:
981:
977:
973:
972:New Testament
969:
965:
961:
960:Old Testament
955:
953:
949:
945:
941:
938:, from Greek
937:
933:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
903:
900:
893:
889:
886:
885:Ancient Greek
882:
871:
866:
864:
859:
857:
852:
851:
849:
848:
838:
835:
833:
830:
827:
823:
819:
816:
814:
813:Last Judgment
811:
809:
808:Gog and Magog
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
785:
783:
782:
774:
773:
765:
762:
760:
757:
756:
751:
745:
744:
737:
736:
732:
730:
727:
726:
722:
716:
715:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
693:
691:
689:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
665:Bound monster
663:
662:
659:
652:
646:
645:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
612:
611:
609:
608:
607:
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595:
591:
590:Gog and Magog
587:
583:
579:
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571:
569:
559:
556:
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526:Other sources
523:
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464:Return of Isa
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323:
322:Second Coming
320:
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279:
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250:
249:Millennialism
245:
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236:
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227:
225:
220:
217:
215:
212:
211:
209:
206:
202:
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193:
190:
188:
187:Four Horsemen
185:
184:
182:
177:
176:Two witnesses
174:
172:
169:
168:
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163:
162:Major figures
159:
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65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
47:
43:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
3330:
3273:Cyberwarfare
3037:
2991:Third Temple
2846:Lake of fire
2656:Rogue planet
2624:Impact event
2614:Proton decay
2567:Astronomical
2517:Bioterrorism
2363:Supervolcano
2261:Flood basalt
2207:Anoxic event
2116:Collapsology
2104:Sociological
1975:Cyberwarfare
1891:
1872:
1855:. Eerdmans.
1851:
1831:
1808:
1784:
1764:
1744:. Eerdmans.
1741:
1721:. Eerdmans.
1717:
1696:
1679:. Eerdmans.
1676:
1656:. Eerdmans.
1652:
1632:
1606:
1594:
1582:
1562:, p. 7.
1540:
1533:Collins 1984
1528:
1501:
1489:
1482:Carroll 2000
1477:
1470:Redditt 2008
1393:, p. 4.
1386:
1194:Sefer Elijah
1065:
1059:(e.g., the "
1049:Hebrew Bible
1045:
1001:
991:
989:
956:
939:
934:
922:Jewish Bible
918:supernatural
898:
895:
888:
880:
879:
759:Frashokereti
733:
696:Fimbulwinter
687:
685:
657:
622:Third Temple
603:
601:
567:
565:
525:
492:
469:Resurrection
445:
443:
393:Dhul-Qarnayn
380:
291:
282:Other events
281:
247:
204:
161:
119:
44:traditional
33:
3349:Categories
3318:Survivalism
3005:Zoroastrian
2861:Seven seals
2856:Seven bowls
2782:Historicism
2678:Solar flare
2554:Overfishing
2529:Defaunation
2316:coral reefs
2078:AI takeover
1997:Nanoweapons
1985:Cybergeddon
1970:Cyberattack
1545:Najman 2014
1521:Arnold 2007
1506:Foster 2020
1455:Linton 2006
1410:Najman 2014
1352:Eschatology
1236:1 Timothy 4
1012:Zoroastrian
992:apokálypsis
936:Eschatology
899:apokálupsis
750:Zoroastrian
670:Gjallarhorn
580:, Messiah (
311:Seven Seals
230:Historicism
72:Eschatology
3390:Categories
3278:Depression
3268:Ransomware
3083:Messianism
3053:Armageddon
3038:Apocalypse
2826:Antichrist
2814:Man of sin
2711:Three Ages
2574:Big Crunch
2436:Extinction
2428:Biological
2190:Ecological
2062:Strangelet
1575:Lewis 2004
1560:Lewis 2004
1440:Lewis 2004
1391:Carey 2012
1379:References
1245:Jude 14–15
1216:Matthew 24
1057:numerology
906:revelation
892:ἀποκάλυψις
883:(from
881:Apocalypse
818:Messianism
306:Armageddon
292:Apocalypse
192:Antichrist
96:Three Ages
48:scenes in
3411:Mythology
3163:Fictional
3010:Saoshyant
2895:New Earth
2866:The Beast
2799:Preterism
2772:Christian
2728:Kali Yuga
2673:Micronova
2668:Hypernova
2534:Dysgenics
2375:Verneshot
2281:Hypercane
2024:Dead Hand
1767:. BRILL.
1611:Aune 1983
1241:2 Peter 3
1110:Zechariah
1008:Zechariah
793:Afterlife
764:Saoshyant
634:Olam Haba
354:Kali Yuga
214:Preterism
111:Christian
3303:Pandemic
3288:Epidemic
3283:Droughts
3137:Prewrath
3068:End time
2934:Al-Qa'im
2819:Katechon
2804:2 Esdras
2794:Idealism
2777:Futurism
2706:Maitreya
2701:Buddhist
2544:Pandemic
1992:Gray goo
1330:See also
1094:33:14–26
1092:Jeremiah
1024:2 Baruch
1006:1-3 and
940:eschatos
701:Ragnarök
690: —
660: —
606: —
570: —
558:Kabbalah
448: —
428:Al-Qa'im
423:Muhammad
383: —
235:Futurism
219:Idealism
91:Maitreya
82:Buddhist
64:a series
62:Part of
3363:Hazards
3261:General
3132:Rapture
2981:Messiah
2969:Sufyani
2959:Israfil
2929:Islamic
2767:Messiah
2745:1 Enoch
2579:Big Rip
2291:Ecocide
2286:Ice age
1620:Sources
1303:Gnostic
1295:Coptic
1226:Mark 13
1129:3 Enoch
1098:Ezekiel
1004:Ezekiel
976:gospels
904: '
822:Messiah
729:Li Hong
706:Vígríðr
686:—
680:Naglfar
656:—
602:—
594:Armilus
568:Figures
566:—
547:Midrash
539:Mishnah
528: —
524:—
495: —
491:—
444:—
433:Sufyani
408:Israfil
381:Figures
379:—
374:Islamic
301:Rapture
284: —
280:—
252: —
246:—
207: —
203:—
164: —
160:—
122: —
118:—
3293:Famine
3219:Zombie
3021:Others
2976:Jewish
2954:Dajjal
2836:Events
2750:Daniel
2651:winter
2478:Others
2368:winter
2168:winter
2163:famine
2158:cobalt
1880:
1859:
1838:
1815:
1792:
1771:
1748:
1725:
1704:
1683:
1660:
1639:
1116:Daniel
1106:3:9–17
1086:Isaiah
1020:4 Ezra
930:Daniel
721:Taoist
688:Events
543:Talmud
484:Jewish
446:Events
418:Dajjal
46:fresco
3308:Riots
3000:Norse
2964:Mahdi
2723:Kalki
2718:Hindu
2048:(EMP)
1112:12–14
1100:38–39
887:
651:Norse
413:Mahdi
359:Shiva
349:Kalki
340:Hindu
171:Jesus
1878:ISBN
1857:ISBN
1836:ISBN
1813:ISBN
1790:ISBN
1769:ISBN
1746:ISBN
1723:ISBN
1702:ISBN
1681:ISBN
1658:ISBN
1637:ISBN
1118:7–12
1104:Joel
1038:The
1022:and
950:in
826:Age
588:),
403:Isa
3392::
2071:/
1567:^
1552:^
1513:^
1462:^
1447:^
1432:^
1417:^
1398:^
1026:.
982:.
824:/
632:,
628:,
624:,
620:,
616:,
592:,
584:,
545:,
541:,
66:on
52:,
1918:e
1911:t
1904:v
1886:.
1865:.
1844:.
1821:.
1798:.
1777:.
1754:.
1731:.
1710:.
1689:.
1666:.
1645:.
1042:.
958:(
902:)
896:(
869:e
862:t
855:v
828:)
820:(
549:)
537:(
294:)
290:(
31:.
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