1305:
273:
1340:
41:
2535:
840:
1379:
828:
1427:
1363:
1443:
1411:
1347:
1395:
2683:) it seems to have been his practice to close with a few words in his own handwriting, as a precaution against such forgeries... In the present case he writes a whole paragraph, summing up the main lessons of the epistle in terse, eager, disjointed sentences. He writes it, too, in large, bold characters (Gr.
3199:
2514:
finds it likely that Paul first collected his letters for publication himself. It was normal practice in Paul's time for letter writers to keep one copy for themselves and send a second copy to the recipient(s); surviving collections of ancient letters sometimes originated from the senders' copies,
999:
questioned its authorship), but from the 16th century onwards opinion steadily moved against
Pauline authorship and few scholars now ascribe it to Paul, mostly because it does not read like any of his other epistles in style and content and because the epistle does not indicate that Paul is the
2478:
The
Marcionite Epistle to the Laodiceans. The Muratorian fragment (2nd century CE) denounces a claimed Epistle to the Laodiceans as another spurious work forged by Marcion of Sinope. Its text has been lost and nothing is known about its
1568:, although anonymous and not really in the form of a letter, has long been included among Paul's collected letters. Although some churches ascribe Hebrews to Paul, neither most of Christianity nor modern scholarship does so.
2618:, publ. Geoffrey Chapman, 1989, chapter 60, at p. 920, col. 2 "That Paul is neither directly nor indirectly the author is now the view of scholars almost without exception. For details, see Kümmel, I N T 392–94, 401–03"
2442:, a correspondence of two letters allegedly sent by the Corinthians to Paul, and then a reply letter allegedly sent by Paul to the Church of Corinth. It was considered genuine for some time by the
2697:
1981:
This ordering is remarkably consistent in the manuscript tradition, with very few deviations. The evident principle of organization is descending length of the Greek text, but keeping the three
2294:. In B, Galatians ends and Ephesians begins on the same side of the same folio (page 1493); similarly 2 Thessalonians ends and Hebrews begins on the same side of the same folio (page 1512).
2515:
at other times from the recipients' copies. A collection of Paul's letters circulated separately from other early
Christian writings and later became part of the New Testament. When the
1333:, the author and writer does claim to be Paul. The contested letters may have been written using Paul's name, as it was common to attribute at that point in history.
3597:
1541:
by many scholars (traditional dating given): The content of these letters strongly suggests they were written a decade or more later than the traditional dates.
1304:
1514:
The three letters on which scholars are about evenly divided: If these letters are inauthentic, then the consensus dates are probably incorrect.
3282:
4214:
4096:
2910:
1339:
2258:
1458:
992:
730:
4173:
2937:
1985:
addressed to individuals in a separate final section. The only anomaly is that
Galatians precedes the slightly longer Ephesians.
4081:
4076:
871:
4091:
2920:
2777:
2783:
3782:
1011:(also called the general epistles) in modern editions. Most Greek manuscripts place the general epistles first, and a few
3888:
1155:
790:
104:
2675:, and the concluding paragraph is written with his own hand. From the time when letters began to be forged in his name (
4209:
3883:
3744:
3132:
3027:
2629:
1320:
1145:
785:
99:
55:
3130:
Haines-Eitzen, Kim. "'Girls
Trained in Beautiful Writing': Female Scribes in Roman Antiquity and Early Christianity."
983:) is widely debated. According to some scholars, Paul wrote the questionable letters with the help of a secretary, or
3851:
3160:. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1974. 281–297. idem, "On the Form, Function, and Authority of the New Testament Letters."
2970:
2721:
2495:
1185:
760:
74:
3969:
3846:
3697:
3275:
3246:
2558:
2553:
2439:
1175:
908:
are some of the earliest extant
Christian documents. They provide an insight into the beliefs and controversies of
755:
69:
2809:
4298:
4229:
2490:. Theories vary, but it was possibly made as a counterforgery to offset the popularity of the Marcionite epistle.
4293:
3191:
3088:
3079:
3064:
2642:
2272:
between Romans and 1 Corinthians (i.e., in order by length without splitting the
Epistles to the Corinthians):
232:
4219:
2680:
4183:
2875:
2676:
272:
199:
4178:
2864:
2853:
2383:
Paul's own writings are sometimes thought to indicate several of his letters that have not been preserved:
2361:
4288:
4262:
3692:
3268:
3073:
2453:
23:
1313:
3866:
2897:
2886:
2487:
2197:
2089:
1230:
864:
775:
174:
89:
3984:
3238:
4283:
3898:
3877:
3871:
2472:
2447:
2409:
2310:
1276:
1244:
800:
780:
692:
545:
154:
114:
94:
3893:
3861:
3856:
3592:
3553:
2431:
Several other epistles were attributed to Paul during the course of history but are now considered
2011:
1688:
1471:
1266:
1251:
1130:
928:
795:
770:
765:
109:
84:
79:
3120:. Guides to Biblical Scholarship. New Testament. Ed. Dan O. Via, Jr. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1988.
3062:. "The Problem of Anonymity and Pseudonymity in Christian Literature of the First Two Centuries."
4199:
4071:
3928:
3789:
3529:
2664:
1012:
164:
3255:
2516:
2432:
4055:
3938:
3923:
3913:
3505:
2443:
2322:
2242:
1954:
1565:
1330:
988:
169:
401:
4004:
3943:
3933:
3841:
3216:. Library of Early Christianity. Vol. 8. Ed. Wayne A. Meeks. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1989.
2912:
Sacra
Scriptura: How "Non-Canonical" Texts Functioned in Early Judaism and Early Christianity
2102:
1607:
1495:
1200:
932:
857:
750:
64:
4204:
4124:
3836:
3749:
3659:
3425:
3312:
3044:
Paul's Large
Letters: Pauline Subscriptions in the Light of Ancient Epistolary Conventions.
2353:
2349:
2268:
The placement of
Hebrews among the Pauline epistles is less consistent in the manuscripts:
1518:
1004:
519:
494:
388:
262:
204:
396:
8:
4146:
4111:
3908:
3587:
3370:
3340:
2461:
2345:
2262:
2174:
1928:
1507:
1477:
1237:
944:
832:
810:
124:
3099:. Eds. Craig A. Evans and Stanley E. Porter. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 2000. 857–864.
2986:
2586:
4038:
3953:
3759:
3754:
3716:
3639:
3602:
3582:
3512:
3139:
3017:
2548:
2499:
2372:
2357:
2314:
2302:
1489:
927:
Most scholars believe that Paul actually wrote seven of the thirteen Pauline epistles (
917:
909:
612:
597:
361:
303:
225:
149:
3233:
3200:
Qualitative nouns in the Pauline epistles and their translation in the revised version
3178:. Tübingen: Mohr, 1991. idem, "The Codex and the Early Collection of Paul's Letters."
4239:
4048:
4043:
3816:
3726:
3669:
3490:
3480:
3330:
3203:
3157:
3023:
2966:
2916:
2773:
2717:
2638:
2483:
2465:
1982:
1959:
1483:
1008:
697:
672:
540:
2398:
A third epistle to Corinth, written in between 1 and 2 Corinthians, also called the
4224:
4119:
4101:
4021:
3979:
3918:
3903:
3794:
3682:
3475:
3420:
3400:
3380:
2318:
2298:
2246:
2210:
1902:
1557:
1309:
1286:
968:
921:
901:
805:
463:
255:
194:
119:
40:
31:
3164:. Eds. D.A. Carson and John D. Woodbridge. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1983. 101–114.
3142:. "The New Testament." New Haven and London: Yale University Press: 2017. 570–574.
2963:
Forgery and Counterforgery: The Use of Literary Deceit in Early Christian Polemics
4016:
3994:
3948:
3495:
3455:
3430:
3360:
3335:
3320:
3250:
2767:
2368:
2306:
2291:
2107:
2053:
2048:
2035:
2030:
1823:
1796:
1538:
996:
972:
956:
952:
346:
4252:
4234:
4168:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3777:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3548:
3524:
3485:
3435:
3415:
3385:
3365:
3350:
3345:
3325:
3291:
3184:
Paul and First-Century Letter Writing: Secretaries, Composition, and Collection
3013:
2511:
2486:, but is widely considered a forgery, and is largely a copy of verses from the
2426:
1933:
1551:
1324:
1028:
987:, who would have influenced their style, if not their theological content. The
913:
707:
702:
657:
2939:
Biblical Commentary on St. Paul's First and Second Epistles to the Corinthians
2837:
2797:
2687:), that his handwriting may reflect the energy and determination of his soul."
2604:
Paul and First-Century Letter Writing: Secretaries, Composition and Collection
4277:
3999:
3808:
3677:
3543:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3440:
3410:
3308:
2399:
2338:
2334:
2281:
2277:
2084:
2066:
1881:
1855:
1661:
1634:
1545:
1024:
1020:
1016:
940:
936:
897:
662:
504:
442:
298:
287:
218:
2739:
The New International Greek Testament Commentary: The Epistle to the Hebrews
2606:. Downers Grove, IL; Leicester, England: InterVarsity Press; Apollos, 2004.
4257:
4157:
4086:
3988:
3450:
3445:
3405:
3375:
3355:
3303:
3207:
2813:
2540:
2413:
1829:
1802:
1433:
844:
725:
667:
499:
159:
1467:
Seven letters (with consensus dates) considered genuine by most scholars:
4140:
3736:
3654:
3649:
3563:
3558:
3390:
2958:
2631:
The Canon of the New Testament: Its Origin, Development, and Significance
2523:
and Paul's letters were the core of what would become the New Testament.
2330:
2326:
2138:
1907:
1742:
1576:
In the order they appear in the New Testament, the Pauline epistles are:
1501:
948:
3974:
3243:
2648:
4129:
3152:
Longenecker, Richard N. "Ancient Amanuenses and the Pauline Epistles."
3059:
2672:
2457:
2273:
2156:
1769:
1524:
984:
980:
839:
712:
489:
474:
3189:
Robson, E. Iliff. "Composition and Dictation in New Testament Books."
3077:
28 (1966): 465–477. idem, "The Subscriptions in the Pauline Letters."
3644:
3260:
2228:
2215:
2192:
2120:
1876:
1850:
1715:
1530:
976:
964:
960:
607:
525:
2502:. They are universally considered a forgery from the 4th century CE.
2297:
between 2 Thessalonians and 1 Timothy (i.e., before the Pastorals):
2287:
between 2 Corinthians and Galatians: minuscules 1930, 1978, and 2248
4151:
3721:
3708:
3687:
3634:
3629:
3223:. Vol. 10. Ed. Leander E. Keck. Nashville: Abingdon, 2002. 369–391.
2482:
The Latin Epistle to the Laodiceans. It is found in some old Latin
2450:, but is now widely dated in the second half of the 2nd century CE.
1775:
1748:
1417:
1401:
627:
484:
336:
326:
307:
292:
2464:(2nd century CE), which denounces it as a spurious work forged by
4163:
4028:
2844:, Volume 23 #12, published 1 December 2003, accessed 12 June 2023
2498:, a collection of correspondence claiming to be between Paul and
2405:
An earlier epistle to the Ephesians referenced at Ephesians 3:3-4
2250:
2071:
2016:
1721:
1694:
1667:
1640:
1385:
1369:
1353:
955:), while three of the epistles in Paul's name are widely seen as
905:
827:
642:
602:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
530:
514:
458:
453:
432:
427:
381:
331:
3071:
Bahr, Gordon J. "Paul and Letter Writing in the First Century."
2590:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2468:. Its text has been lost and nothing is known about its content.
4134:
4011:
3395:
2520:
2254:
652:
509:
479:
448:
376:
351:
341:
1031:) place the Pauline epistles at the end of the New Testament.
3295:
3127:. Vol. 1. Ed. David Noel Freedman. New York: Doubleday, 1992.
2741:. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eardmans Publishing Co. p. 3.
2571:
2290:
between Galatians and Ephesians: implied by the numbering in
904:, although the authorship of some is in dispute. Among these
719:
637:
632:
622:
617:
566:
535:
469:
437:
422:
371:
366:
356:
3113:. Trans. Alexander Grieve. 1901. Peabody: Hendrickson, 1988.
2716:. New Canaan, PA: St. Tikhon's Seminary Press. p. 408.
971:). Whether Paul wrote the three other epistles in his name (
2909:
Charlesworth, James H.; McDonald, Lee Martin (2014-04-24).
2671:
writes: "At this point the apostle takes the pen from his
2233:
2179:
2161:
2143:
2125:
1613:
1449:
1312:
of the Pauline epistles, written in 1517, preserved in the
916:
of the New Testament, they are foundational texts for both
3169:
Paul the Letter-Writer: His World, His Options, His Skills
2750:
2748:
3219:
Wall, Robert W. "Introduction to Epistolary Literature."
3106:. Interpreting Biblical Texts. Nashville: Abingdon, 1996.
2402:, referenced at 2 Corinthians 2:4 and 2 Corinthians 7:8-9
647:
16:
Books of the New Testament attributed to Paul the Apostle
2249:. This practice was popularized through the 4th century
2745:
3202:". Chicago, Illonis: The University of Chicago Press.
2456:, an alleged epistle written by Paul to the Church of
2387:
A first, or "zeroth", epistle to Corinth, also called
2245:
is placed at the end of Paul's letters and before the
2908:
2530:
1003:
The Pauline epistles are usually placed between the
2772:. Wheaton, IL: Crossway. 2008. pp. 1806–1807.
2965:. Oxford University Press. p. 452–458.
3086:Bauckham, Richard J. "Pseudo-Apostolic Letters."
4275:
3234:The Marcionite Prologues to the Pauline Epistles
3095:Carson, D.A. "Pseudonymity and Pseudepigraphy."
3008:
3006:
3276:
3003:
865:
226:
3147:A Theological Introduction to Paul's Letters
2257:, who was aware of ancient doubts about its
2736:
2420:
2395:, possibly referenced at 1 Corinthians 5:9.
2241:In modern editions, the formally anonymous
3283:
3269:
3053:
2669:Commentary on the Epistle to the Galatians
2389:A Prior Epistle of Paul to the Corinthians
991:, although it does not bear his name, was
872:
858:
233:
219:
144:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2935:
3256:MS 484/13 Epistolae cum glossis at OPenn
3012:
2754:
2378:
2265:manuscripts with hardly any exceptions.
2261:, and is also followed in most medieval
1462:Locations where Paul's letters were sent
1303:
3214:Letter Writing in Greco-Roman Antiquity
2832:
2830:
2711:
2627:
4276:
3290:
3149:. Eugene, Oregon: Cascade Books, 2011.
3097:Dictionary of New Testament Background
2957:
2946:
2796:Digital Vatican Library (DigiVatLib),
1989:Chronological order of Paul's letters
3264:
3239:Chronological Order of Paul's Letters
3171:. Collegeville, MN: Liturgical, 1995.
3154:New Dimensions in New Testament Study
2506:
1329:In all of these epistles, except the
1308:Beginning of the Greek manuscript by
1226:
3186:. Downers Grove: InterVarsity, 2004.
3176:The Secretary in the Letters of Paul
2827:
2786:from the original on March 21, 2023.
1426:
4215:Other books referenced in the Bible
4174:New Testament manuscript categories
2760:
1156:Second Epistle to the Thessalonians
13:
3745:Testaments of the Three Patriarchs
3156:. Eds. Richard N. Longenecker and
3133:Journal of Early Christian Studies
2838:Are There Lost Books of the Bible?
2616:The New Jerome Biblical Commentary
1321:Authorship of the Pauline epistles
1146:First Epistle to the Thessalonians
14:
4310:
3227:
3198:Slaten, Arthur Wakefield (1918) "
3118:Letters in Primitive Christianity
2496:Correspondence of Paul and Seneca
2393:Paul's previous Corinthian letter
1186:Second Epistle to the Corinthians
2702:(Abingdon Press, 2002), pp. 373.
2559:New Testament military metaphors
2554:New Testament athletic metaphors
2533:
2440:Third Epistle to the Corinthians
2333:, and about 60 minuscules (e.g.
1441:
1425:
1410:
1409:
1394:
1393:
1377:
1361:
1345:
1338:
1176:First Epistle to the Corinthians
993:traditionally considered Pauline
896:, are the thirteen books of the
838:
826:
271:
39:
4230:Biblical and Quranic narratives
3123:Gamble, Harry Y. "Amanuensis."
3036:
2979:
2929:
2902:
2891:
2880:
2869:
2858:
2847:
2802:
2790:
2364:and the majority of minuscules.
1838:Epistola II ad Thessalonicenses
1378:
1362:
1346:
1034:
3192:Journal of Theological Studies
3180:Bulletin for Bulletin Research
3089:Journal of Biblical Literature
3080:Journal of Biblical Literature
3065:Journal of Theological Studies
2991:www.earlychristianwritings.com
2730:
2705:
2699:New Interpreter's Bible Vol. X
2690:
2658:
2621:
2609:
2596:
2587:New Testament Letter Structure
1811:Epistola I ad Thessalonicenses
1066:(31–36 AD: conversion of Paul)
1:
2712:Arhipov, Sergei, ed. (1996).
2564:
2222:
2204:
2186:
2168:
2150:
2132:
2114:
2096:
2078:
2060:
2042:
2024:
2005:
200:Apostles in the New Testament
3244:Chronology of Paul's Letters
3046:London: T&T Clark, 2016.
2987:"Letters of Paul and Seneca"
1442:
7:
3074:Catholic Biblical Quarterly
2936:Olshausen, Hermann (1851).
2526:
2454:Epistle to the Alexandrians
1000:author, unlike the others.
10:
4315:
4210:English Bible translations
3598:Song of the Three Children
2810:"Lost Books of the Bible?"
2737:Ellingworth, Paul (1993).
2628:Metzger, Bruce M. (1987).
2488:Epistle to the Philippians
2424:
1537:The letters thought to be
1318:
1231:Epistle to the Philippians
4248:
4192:
4110:
4064:
3962:
3807:
3770:
3735:
3706:
3668:
3613:
3520:
3504:
3302:
3167:Murphy-O'Connor, Jerome.
3022:. Minneapolis: Fortress.
2915:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
2473:Epistle to the Laodiceans
2460:. It is mentioned in the
2448:Armenian Apostolic Church
2410:Epistle to the Laodiceans
2284:, 1961, 1964, 1977, 1994.
1676:Epistola II ad Corinthios
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1297:(64–67 AD: death of Paul)
1292:
1282:
1277:Second Epistle to Timothy
1272:
1262:
1257:
1245:Epistle to the Colossians
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1196:
1191:
1181:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1151:
1141:
1136:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1061:
155:Coptic Apocalypse of Paul
3182:8 (1998): 151–66. idem,
3019:Paul's Letter Collection
2798:Manuscript – Vat.gr.1209
2421:Pseudepigraphic epistles
1890:Epistola II ad Timotheum
1757:Epistola ad Philippenses
1649:Epistola I ad Corinthios
1571:
1314:Zentralbibliothek Zürich
1267:First Epistle to Timothy
1252:Epistle to the Ephesians
1131:Epistle to the Galatians
4072:Intertestamental period
3221:New Interpreter's Bible
3174:Richards, E. Randolph.
3125:Anchor Bible Dictionary
3054:Bibliographic resources
2842:Reason & Revelation
2665:Joseph Barber Lightfoot
2602:Richards, E. Randolph.
2000:Location of authorship
1864:Epistola I ad Timotheum
1784:Epistola ad Colossenses
4299:Collections of letters
4056:Apocalyptic literature
3693:Paralipomena of Baruch
2444:Syriac Orthodox Church
2243:Epistle to the Hebrews
1942:Epistola ad Philemonem
1834:Πρὸς Θεσσαλονικεῖς Βʹ
1807:Πρὸς Θεσσαλονικεῖς Αʹ
1566:Epistle to the Hebrews
1331:Epistle to the Hebrews
1316:
989:Epistle to the Hebrews
520:Priscilla & Aquila
4294:Christian terminology
4220:Additional Scriptures
4184:New Testament uncials
3109:Deissmann, G. Adolf.
2519:was established, the
2425:Further information:
2379:Lost Pauline epistles
1307:
1201:Epistle to the Romans
4205:Bible version debate
4179:New Testament papyri
4125:Samaritan Pentateuch
3750:Testament of Abraham
3688:1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan
3212:Stowers, Stanley K.
3136:6.4 (1998): 629–646.
3092:107 (1988): 469–494.
2942:. T. & T. Clark.
1968:Epistola ad Hebraeos
1730:Epistola ad Ephesios
1519:Second Thessalonians
1459:class=notpageimage|
1005:Acts of the Apostles
393:Split with Barnabas
389:Council of Jerusalem
263:Acts of the Apostles
205:Pauline Christianity
4147:Muratorian fragment
4082:New Testament canon
4077:Old Testament canon
3970:Chapters and verses
3588:Additions to Daniel
3554:Additions to Esther
3195:18 (1917): 288–301.
3162:Scripture and Truth
3140:Hart, David Bentley
3104:The Letters of Paul
3102:Cousar, Charles B.
2876:2 Corinthians 7:8–9
2836:Apologetics Press,
2637:. pp. 295–96.
2593:by Felix Just, S.J.
2462:Muratorian fragment
2408:A possible Pauline
1990:
1703:Epistola ad Galatas
1672:Πρὸς Κορινθίους Βʹ
1645:Πρὸς Κορινθίους Αʹ
1622:Epistola ad Romanos
1527:(c. 57–59 or c. 62)
1510:(c. 57–59 or c. 62)
1504:(c. 57–59 or c. 62)
1478:First Thessalonians
1238:Epistle to Philemon
1058:
1042:of Pauline epistles
4289:Canonical epistles
3760:Testament of Jacob
3755:Testament of Isaac
3640:Prayer of Manasseh
3603:Bel and the Dragon
3583:Letter of Jeremiah
3249:2013-07-28 at the
2685:pelikois grammasin
2591:Catholic Resources
2549:Biblical apocrypha
2507:Collected epistles
2500:Seneca the Younger
1988:
1753:Πρὸς Φιλιππησίους
1490:Second Corinthians
1317:
1049:Captivity letters
1039:
918:Christian theology
910:early Christianity
362:Antioch in Pisidia
150:Apocalypse of Paul
138:Related literature
52:Pauline literature
4271:
4270:
4240:Textual criticism
3803:
3802:
3727:Psalms of Solomon
3670:Orthodox Tewahedo
3158:Merrill C. Tenney
3116:Doty, William G.
3068:12 (1961): 39–49.
2922:978-0-567-29668-9
2865:2 Corinthians 2:4
2854:1 Corinthians 5:9
2779:978-1-4335-0241-5
2484:Bible manuscripts
2466:Marcion of Sinope
2239:
2238:
1983:pastoral epistles
1979:
1978:
1960:Hebrew Christians
1916:Epistola ad Titum
1886:Πρὸς Τιμόθεον Βʹ
1860:Πρὸς Τιμόθεον Αʹ
1484:First Corinthians
1302:
1301:
1009:catholic epistles
912:. As part of the
882:
881:
687:Arrest and trials
402:Galatians 2:11–14
243:
242:
4306:
4284:Pauline epistles
4120:Dead Sea Scrolls
4102:Dating the Bible
3980:Historical books
3617:Eastern Orthodox
3530:Eastern Orthodox
3518:
3517:
3511:
3285:
3278:
3271:
3262:
3261:
3083:2 (1968): 27–41.
3047:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3010:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2983:
2977:
2976:
2955:
2944:
2943:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2906:
2900:
2895:
2889:
2884:
2878:
2873:
2867:
2862:
2856:
2851:
2845:
2834:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2812:. Archived from
2806:
2800:
2794:
2788:
2787:
2764:
2758:
2752:
2743:
2742:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2709:
2703:
2694:
2688:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2647:. Archived from
2636:
2625:
2619:
2613:
2607:
2600:
2594:
2584:
2543:
2538:
2537:
2536:
2412:, referenced at
2344:after Philemon:
2247:general epistles
2224:
2206:
2188:
2170:
2152:
2134:
2116:
2098:
2080:
2062:
2044:
2026:
2007:
1991:
1987:
1780:Πρὸς Κολοσσαεῖς
1579:
1578:
1445:
1444:
1429:
1428:
1413:
1412:
1397:
1396:
1381:
1380:
1365:
1364:
1349:
1348:
1342:
1310:Huldrych Zwingli
1287:Epistle to Titus
1059:
1056:Pastoral letters
1055:
1048:
1038:
902:Paul the Apostle
890:Epistles of Paul
888:, also known as
886:Pauline epistles
874:
867:
860:
842:
830:
275:
266:
265:
252:
251:
245:
244:
235:
228:
221:
195:Paul the Apostle
43:
19:
18:
4314:
4313:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4304:
4303:
4274:
4273:
4272:
4267:
4244:
4188:
4106:
4097:Christian canon
4060:
3995:Prophetic books
3958:
3889:2 Thessalonians
3884:1 Thessalonians
3799:
3766:
3731:
3702:
3664:
3623:
3609:
3537:
3509:
3508:
3500:
3311:
3307:
3298:
3289:
3251:Wayback Machine
3230:
3145:Kim, Yung Suk.
3056:
3051:
3050:
3041:
3037:
3030:
3014:Trobisch, David
3011:
3004:
2995:
2993:
2985:
2984:
2980:
2973:
2956:
2947:
2934:
2930:
2923:
2907:
2903:
2898:Colossians 4:16
2896:
2892:
2887:Ephesians 3:3–4
2885:
2881:
2874:
2870:
2863:
2859:
2852:
2848:
2835:
2828:
2819:
2817:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2795:
2791:
2780:
2769:ESV Study Bible
2766:
2765:
2761:
2757:, p. 1–27.
2753:
2746:
2735:
2731:
2724:
2710:
2706:
2695:
2691:
2663:
2659:
2651:
2645:
2634:
2626:
2622:
2614:
2610:
2601:
2597:
2585:
2572:
2567:
2539:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2509:
2433:pseudepigraphic
2429:
2423:
2381:
2276:and minuscules
2049:2 Thessalonians
2031:1 Thessalonians
1824:2 Thessalonians
1797:1 Thessalonians
1574:
1539:pseudepigraphic
1465:
1464:
1463:
1461:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1446:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1430:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1414:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1398:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1382:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1366:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1350:
1327:
1319:Main articles:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1040:Possible dates
1037:
973:2 Thessalonians
957:pseudepigraphic
953:1 Thessalonians
894:Letters of Paul
878:
816:
815:
791:2 Thessalonians
786:1 Thessalonians
746:
736:
735:
688:
680:
679:
561:
553:
552:
417:
409:
408:
321:
313:
312:
283:
260:
259:
258:
253:
249:
248:
239:
210:
209:
190:
189:
180:
179:
165:Paul and Thecla
140:
139:
130:
129:
105:2 Thessalonians
100:1 Thessalonians
60:
59:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4312:
4302:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4242:
4237:
4235:Synod of Hippo
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4196:
4194:
4190:
4189:
4187:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4169:Masoretic Text
4166:
4161:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4116:
4114:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4068:
4066:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4058:
4053:
4052:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4019:
4009:
4008:
4007:
4005:Minor prophets
4002:
4000:Major prophets
3992:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3966:
3964:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3813:
3811:
3805:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3778:Pseudepigrapha
3774:
3772:
3771:Classification
3768:
3767:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3741:
3739:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3717:Psalms 152–155
3713:
3711:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3674:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3626:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3618:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3585:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3532:
3527:
3521:
3515:
3502:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3371:1–2 Chronicles
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3317:
3315:
3300:
3299:
3288:
3287:
3280:
3273:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3241:
3236:
3229:
3228:External links
3226:
3225:
3224:
3217:
3210:
3196:
3187:
3172:
3165:
3150:
3143:
3137:
3128:
3121:
3114:
3107:
3100:
3093:
3084:
3069:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3042:Reece, Steve.
3035:
3029:978-0800625979
3028:
3002:
2978:
2971:
2945:
2928:
2921:
2901:
2890:
2879:
2868:
2857:
2846:
2826:
2801:
2789:
2778:
2759:
2744:
2729:
2722:
2704:
2689:
2657:
2654:on 2013-06-01.
2643:
2620:
2608:
2595:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2528:
2525:
2512:David Trobisch
2508:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2493:
2492:
2491:
2480:
2469:
2451:
2427:Pseudepigrapha
2422:
2419:
2418:
2417:
2406:
2403:
2396:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2365:
2342:
2295:
2288:
2285:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2165:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2147:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2021:
2020:
2014:
2009:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1977:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1965:
1964:Πρὸς Ἑβραίους
1962:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1939:
1938:Πρὸς Φιλήμονα
1936:
1934:Saint Philemon
1931:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1913:
1910:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1887:
1884:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1861:
1858:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1835:
1832:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1808:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1781:
1778:
1772:
1766:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1754:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1727:
1726:Πρὸς Ἐφεσίους
1724:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1700:
1697:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1673:
1670:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1646:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1619:
1618:Πρὸς Ῥωμαίους
1616:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1595:
1594:Abbreviations
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1573:
1570:
1562:
1561:
1555:
1552:Second Timothy
1549:
1535:
1534:
1528:
1522:
1512:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1457:
1456:
1448:
1447:
1440:
1439:
1432:
1431:
1424:
1423:
1416:
1415:
1408:
1407:
1400:
1399:
1392:
1391:
1384:
1383:
1376:
1375:
1368:
1367:
1360:
1359:
1352:
1351:
1344:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1325:Pseudepigrapha
1300:
1299:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1063:
1052:
1045:
1043:
1036:
1033:
900:attributed to
880:
879:
877:
876:
869:
862:
854:
851:
850:
849:
848:
836:
824:
818:
817:
814:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
747:
742:
741:
738:
737:
734:
733:
728:
723:
717:
716:
715:
710:
705:
695:
689:
686:
685:
682:
681:
678:
677:
676:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
584:
579:
574:
562:
559:
558:
555:
554:
551:
550:
549:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
456:
451:
446:
435:
430:
418:
416:Second mission
415:
414:
411:
410:
407:
406:
405:
404:
399:
391:
386:
385:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
339:
334:
322:
319:
318:
315:
314:
311:
310:
301:
295:
290:
284:
281:
280:
277:
276:
268:
267:
241:
240:
238:
237:
230:
223:
215:
212:
211:
208:
207:
202:
197:
191:
187:
186:
185:
182:
181:
178:
177:
175:Prayer of Paul
172:
170:Peter and Paul
167:
162:
157:
152:
147:
141:
137:
136:
135:
132:
131:
128:
127:
122:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
61:
50:
49:
48:
45:
44:
36:
35:
28:
27:
26:of articles on
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4311:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4279:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4250:
4247:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4191:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4159:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4142:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4113:
4109:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4063:
4057:
4054:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4030:
4027:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4013:
4010:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3997:
3996:
3993:
3990:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3961:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3852:2 Corinthians
3850:
3848:
3847:1 Corinthians
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3809:New Testament
3806:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3790:New Testament
3788:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3769:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3710:
3705:
3699:
3698:Broader canon
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3619:
3616:
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3111:Bible Studies
3108:
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2816:on 2006-06-23
2815:
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2755:Trobisch 1994
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2723:1-878997-49-1
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2083:
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1699:Πρὸς Γαλάτας
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938:
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320:First mission
317:
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297:Martyrdom of
296:
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279:
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261:according to
257:
250:Events in the
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145:Lost epistles
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75:2 Corinthians
73:
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70:1 Corinthians
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57:
53:
47:
46:
42:
38:
37:
33:
30:
29:
25:
21:
20:
4158:Vetus Latina
4156:
4139:
4092:Jewish canon
4087:Antilegomena
4033:
3989:Poetic Books
3985:Wisdom books
3963:Subdivisions
3876:
3581: /
3506:Deuterocanon
3426:Lamentations
3406:Ecclesiastes
3313:(protocanon)
3304:Hebrew Bible
3220:
3213:
3190:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3168:
3161:
3153:
3146:
3131:
3124:
3117:
3110:
3103:
3096:
3087:
3078:
3072:
3063:
3043:
3038:
3018:
2994:. Retrieved
2990:
2981:
2962:
2959:Ehrman, Bart
2938:
2931:
2911:
2904:
2893:
2882:
2871:
2860:
2849:
2841:
2818:. Retrieved
2814:the original
2804:
2792:
2768:
2762:
2738:
2732:
2713:
2707:
2698:
2692:
2684:
2668:
2660:
2649:the original
2630:
2623:
2615:
2611:
2603:
2598:
2541:Bible portal
2510:
2471:Non-Pauline
2430:
2414:Colossians 4
2392:
2388:
2382:
2267:
2240:
2019:(uncertain)
1980:
1967:
1941:
1915:
1889:
1863:
1837:
1830:Thessalonica
1810:
1803:Thessalonica
1783:
1756:
1729:
1702:
1675:
1648:
1621:
1575:
1563:
1536:
1513:
1466:
1434:Thessalonica
1328:
1296:
1065:
1035:Authenticity
1002:
926:
893:
889:
885:
883:
843:
833:Christianity
831:
743:
590:
518:
500:Thessalonica
462:
441:
160:Acts of Paul
51:
34:in the Bible
4263:WikiProject
4141:Diatessaron
4112:Manuscripts
4065:Development
3867:Philippians
3737:Beta Israel
3655:4 Maccabees
3650:3 Maccabees
3564:2 Maccabees
3559:1 Maccabees
3341:Deuteronomy
2714:The Apostol
2677:2 Thess 2:2
2139:Philippians
1912:Πρὸς Τίτον
1908:Saint Titus
1743:Philippians
1585:Addressees
1502:Philippians
949:Philippians
776:Philippians
90:Philippians
4278:Categories
4200:Authorship
4130:Septuagint
3975:Pentateuch
3954:Revelation
3878:Laodiceans
3872:Colossians
3361:1–2 Samuel
3208:1051723498
3060:Aland Kurt
2996:2021-05-26
2820:2006-06-29
2673:amanuensis
2644:0198261802
2565:References
2475:versions:
2458:Alexandria
2274:Papyrus 46
2259:authorship
2157:Colossians
1828:Church at
1801:Church at
1774:Church at
1770:Colossians
1747:Church at
1720:Church at
1693:Church at
1666:Church at
1639:Church at
1612:Church at
1560:(c. 66–67)
1554:(c. 62–65)
1548:(c. 62–64)
1525:Colossians
1521:(c. 51–52)
1498:(c. 55–57)
1492:(c. 55–56)
1486:(c. 53–54)
1480:(c. 49–51)
1474:(c. 48 AD)
1013:minuscules
995:(although
985:amanuensis
981:Colossians
781:Colossians
713:Agrippa II
490:Amphipolis
475:Samothrace
304:Conversion
282:Early life
95:Colossians
56:Authorship
4039:Johannine
3899:2 Timothy
3894:1 Timothy
3862:Ephesians
3857:Galatians
3645:Psalm 151
3513:apocrypha
3491:Zechariah
3481:Zephaniah
3366:1–2 Kings
3331:Leviticus
2367:omitted:
2263:Byzantine
2229:2 Timothy
2216:Nicopolis
2198:Macedonia
2193:1 Timothy
2121:Ephesians
2090:Macedonia
2012:Galatians
1877:2 Timothy
1851:1 Timothy
1716:Ephesians
1689:Galatians
1564:Finally,
1531:Ephesians
1472:Galatians
977:Ephesians
965:2 Timothy
961:1 Timothy
929:Galatians
801:2 Timothy
796:1 Timothy
771:Ephesians
766:Galatians
722:shipwreck
693:Jerusalem
668:Ptolemais
613:Macedonia
608:Cenchreae
598:Macedonia
546:Jerusalem
526:Cenchreae
495:Apollonia
115:2 Timothy
110:1 Timothy
85:Ephesians
80:Galatians
4253:Category
4152:Peshitta
4049:Catholic
4044:Pastoral
4029:Epistles
4022:Synoptic
3909:Philemon
3722:2 Baruch
3709:Peshitta
3683:Jubilees
3635:2 Esdras
3630:1 Esdras
3525:Catholic
3476:Habakkuk
3421:Jeremiah
3401:Proverbs
3381:Nehemiah
3247:Archived
3016:(1994).
2961:(2012).
2784:Archived
2527:See also
2479:content.
2446:and the
2175:Philemon
1955:Hebrews*
1929:Philemon
1842:2 Thess
1815:1 Thess
1776:Colossae
1749:Philippi
1508:Philemon
1418:Colossae
1402:Philippi
1007:and the
945:Philemon
906:epistles
811:Philemon
744:Epistles
698:Caesarea
673:Caesarea
628:Mytilene
541:Caesarea
485:Philippi
480:Neapolis
337:Seleucia
327:Barnabas
308:Damascus
293:Gamaliel
254:Life of
188:See also
125:Philemon
24:a series
22:Part of
4225:Studies
4193:Related
4164:Vulgate
4034:Pauline
4012:Gospels
3929:2 Peter
3924:1 Peter
3914:Hebrews
3817:Matthew
3707:Syriac
3593:Susanna
3496:Malachi
3456:Obadiah
3431:Ezekiel
3336:Numbers
3321:Genesis
3294:of the
2667:in his
2589:, from
2521:gospels
2251:Vulgate
2108:Corinth
2072:Ephesus
2054:Corinth
2036:Corinth
2017:Antioch
1946:Philem
1722:Ephesus
1695:Galatia
1668:Corinth
1641:Corinth
1533:(c. 62)
1386:Galatia
1370:Ephesus
1354:Corinth
823:Portals
643:Miletus
603:Corinth
592:Apollos
587:Ephesus
582:Phrygia
577:Galatia
572:Antioch
531:Ephesus
515:Corinth
459:Galatia
454:Phrygia
443:Timothy
433:Cilicia
428:Antioch
382:Antalya
347:Salamis
332:Antioch
299:Stephen
54: (
4258:Portal
4135:Targum
3944:3 John
3939:2 John
3934:1 John
3842:Romans
3795:Jewish
3620:Others
3579:Baruch
3574:Sirach
3569:Wisdom
3549:Judith
3534:Others
3486:Haggai
3436:Daniel
3416:Isaiah
3396:Psalms
3386:Esther
3351:Judges
3346:Joshua
3326:Exodus
3206:
3026:
2969:
2919:
2776:
2720:
2641:
2255:Jerome
2225:64–67
2207:62–64
2189:62–64
2103:Romans
2081:55–56
2063:53–55
1894:2 Tim
1868:1 Tim
1680:2 Cor
1653:1 Cor
1608:Romans
1591:Latin
1588:Greek
1496:Romans
1027:, and
967:, and
933:Romans
922:ethics
751:Romans
708:Festus
658:Patara
653:Rhodes
510:Athens
505:Beroea
449:Lystra
377:Lystra
352:Paphos
342:Cyprus
288:Tarsus
65:Romans
3919:James
3904:Titus
3678:Enoch
3544:Tobit
3471:Nahum
3466:Micah
3461:Jonah
3441:Hosea
3296:Bible
3292:Books
2652:(PDF)
2635:(PDF)
2517:canon
2391:, or
2211:Titus
2045:49–51
2027:49–51
1903:Titus
1761:Phil
1602:Min.
1599:Full
1582:Name
1572:Order
1558:Titus
969:Titus
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845:Bible
806:Titus
731:Death
720:Malta
703:Felix
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633:Chios
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567:Silas
565:With
536:Syria
470:Mysia
464:Titus
438:Derbe
423:Silas
421:With
372:Derbe
367:Konya
357:Perge
325:With
306:near
120:Titus
4017:List
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3837:Acts
3832:John
3827:Luke
3822:Mark
3783:list
3660:Odes
3451:Amos
3446:Joel
3376:Ezra
3356:Ruth
3204:OCLC
3024:ISBN
2967:ISBN
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2774:ISBN
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