932:
946:
939:
55:
31:
1473:
786:
263:
jointly issued their "Living Blue Planet Report" on 16 September 2015 which states that a dramatic fall of 74% occurred in worldwide stocks of scombridae fish between 1970 and 2010, and the global overall "population sizes of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish fell by half on average in
231:
Scombrids are generally predators of the open ocean, and are found worldwide in tropical and temperate waters. They are capable of considerable speed, due to a highly streamlined body and retractable fins. Some members of the family, in particular the tunas, are notable for being partially
546:
Svendsen, Morten B. S.; Domenici, Paolo; Marras, Stefano; Krause, Jens; Boswell, Kevin M.; Rodriguez-Pinto, Ivan; Wilson, Alexander D. M.; Kurvers, Ralf H. J. M.; Viblanc, Paul E.; Finger, Jean S.; Steffensen, John F. (2016-10-15).
236:(warm-blooded), a feature that also helps them to maintain high speed and activity. Other adaptations include a large amount of red muscle, allowing them to maintain activity over long periods. Scombrids like the
513:
1694:
1699:
683:
549:"Maximum swimming speeds of sailfish and three other large marine predatory fish species based on muscle contraction time and stride length: a myth revisited"
2044:
1709:
751:
612:
1704:
1900:
1939:
289:
1719:
714:
248:
Jordan, Evermann, and Clark (1930) divide these fishes into the four families: Cybiidae, Katsuwonidae, Scombridae, and
Thunnidae, but
1874:
797:
1913:
1684:
638:
1918:
630:
824:
2049:
690:
2011:
1944:
938:
763:
1390:
1090:
945:
1926:
1120:
220:
fins are normally retracted into body grooves. Species lengths vary from the 20 cm (7.9 in) of the
131:
1689:
1193:
260:
931:
1835:
1812:
1040:
790:
1840:
1105:
1085:
1060:
54:
1993:
663:
2016:
1954:
1203:
1115:
1065:
1045:
1035:
1655:
1566:
1319:
1251:
1183:
487:
1660:
1158:
216:
is strongly divided and rigid, with a slender, ridged base. The first (spiny) dorsal fin and the
1980:
1752:
1188:
1110:
872:
817:
608:
603:
1975:
1905:
1452:
1437:
1289:
1261:
1198:
1178:
1173:
1005:
225:
182:. The family consists of 51 species in 15 genera and two subfamilies. All species are in the
2003:
1967:
1861:
1799:
1790:
1472:
1457:
1266:
1246:
729:
8:
2039:
1735:
1168:
256:
1650:
1624:
1517:
1492:
1383:
1347:
1163:
604:
581:
548:
297:
194:
190:
146:
49:
1962:
1848:
1512:
867:
810:
708:
586:
568:
1804:
1314:
1055:
954:
576:
560:
492:
351:
171:
1817:
1134:
1853:
1714:
1447:
1100:
1080:
1070:
917:
912:
272:
221:
1931:
267:
The 51 extant species are in 15 genera and two subfamilies – with the subfamily
1619:
1462:
1256:
1095:
1010:
991:
907:
366:
347:
237:
96:
38:
2033:
1775:
1589:
1527:
1502:
1442:
1376:
1294:
1276:
1075:
1021:
966:
882:
877:
659:
572:
402:
382:
358:
304:
106:
1532:
1522:
1507:
1213:
1208:
893:
590:
330:
205:
1887:
1827:
1784:
1599:
1576:
1497:
1432:
1218:
1050:
438:
116:
30:
1634:
1337:
1233:
1223:
564:
462:
418:
410:
374:
313:
268:
249:
233:
213:
201:
186:
150:
1594:
1892:
1561:
1553:
1145:
841:
454:
319:
183:
179:
66:
1879:
1746:
1769:
1668:
1629:
1614:
1604:
1427:
1352:
833:
668:
427:
323:
209:
160:
86:
1584:
1549:
1421:
1407:
1357:
853:
470:
391:
338:
252:
later classified them all into a single family, the
Scombridae.
1609:
785:
514:"Molecular data support separate Scombroid and Xiphioid Clades"
395:
217:
168:
76:
1988:
1866:
1538:
980:
446:
545:
1415:
1399:
802:
431:
224:
to the 4.58 m (15.0 ft) recorded for the immense
164:
619:. U.S. Commission for Fish and Fisheries, Washington, D.C.
1710:
International
Seafood Sustainability Foundation#Practices
1368:
730:"Some Typical Upper Eogene Fish Scales from California"
511:
512:Orrell, T.M.; Collette, B.B; Johnson, G.D. (2006).
178:, includes many of the most important and familiar
2031:
240:can reach speeds of 22 km/h (14 mph).
1384:
818:
752:"A compendium of fossil marine animal genera"
2045:Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
1720:Regional Fisheries Management Organisation
1391:
1377:
825:
811:
29:
580:
505:
749:
193:, which is the sole member of subfamily
1348:Butterfly kingfish (butterfly mackerel)
658:
639:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
2032:
713:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1751:
1750:
1372:
806:
727:
1994:FD1087D9-FFB4-4A45-FF67-A3514D88F9E8
1955:9f7d85d1-0d87-4d90-b944-c4c705126203
623:
293:(fossil; Late Eocene of California)
13:
756:Bulletins of American Paleontology
14:
2061:
778:
617:Report of the Commission for 1928
243:
1471:
944:
937:
930:
784:
53:
208:behind the rear dorsal fin and
1091:Narrow-barred Spanish mackerel
721:
676:
652:
597:
539:
1:
1121:West African Spanish mackerel
734:Contributions to Paleontology
498:
1194:Mediterranean horse mackerel
832:
261:Zoological Society of London
7:
1041:Australian spotted mackerel
481:
10:
2066:
1106:Queensland school mackerel
1086:Monterrey Spanish mackerel
1061:Indo-Pacific king mackerel
521:Bulletin of Marine Science
271:further grouped into four
1759:
1728:
1677:
1643:
1575:
1548:
1480:
1469:
1406:
1328:
1307:
1275:
1232:
1204:Yellowtail horse mackerel
1144:
1133:
1116:Streaked Spanish mackerel
1066:Japanese Spanish mackerel
1046:Broadbarred king mackerel
1036:Atlantic Spanish mackerel
1019:
989:
964:
953:
928:
891:
851:
840:
144:
139:
50:Scientific classification
48:
37:
28:
23:
2050:Ray-finned fish families
1656:Scombroid food poisoning
1567:US bluefin tuna industry
1398:
1320:Scombroid food poisoning
1252:Blacksail snake mackerel
1184:Greenback horse mackerel
728:David, Lorre R. (1946).
662:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
488:Scombroid food poisoning
1358:Bonitos (tribe Sardini)
1159:Atlantic horse mackerel
750:Sepkoski, Jack (2002).
672:. January 2006 version.
1353:Tunas (tribe Thunnini)
1189:Japanese jack mackerel
1111:Serra Spanish mackerel
957:(tribe Scomberomorini)
873:Atlantic chub mackerel
633:Gasterochisma melampus
609:Barton Warren Evermann
1976:Paleobiology Database
1651:Dolphin friendly tuna
1453:Southern bluefin tuna
1438:Atlantic bluefin tuna
1290:Okhotsk atka mackerel
1262:Violet snake mackerel
1199:Pacific jack mackerel
1179:Cunene horse mackerel
1174:Chilean jack mackerel
1006:Double-lined mackerel
762:: 560. Archived from
226:Atlantic bluefin tuna
1458:Pacific bluefin tuna
1338:Subfamily Scombrinae
1267:White snake mackerel
1247:Black snake mackerel
793:at Wikimedia Commons
1736:List of tuna dishes
1493:Black skipjack tuna
1169:Cape horse mackerel
664:"Family Scombridae"
257:World Wildlife Fund
200:Scombrids have two
1625:Tuna fish sandwich
1164:Blue jack mackerel
605:David Starr Jordan
565:10.1242/bio.019919
298:Gasterochismatinae
195:Gasterochismatinae
191:butterfly kingfish
147:Gasterochismatinae
2027:
2026:
1963:Open Tree of Life
1753:Taxon identifiers
1744:
1743:
1366:
1365:
1333:Family Scombridae
1303:
1302:
1129:
1128:
955:Spanish mackerels
926:
925:
868:Atlantic mackerel
844:(tribe Scombrini)
789:Media related to
559:(10): 1415–1419.
352:Spanish mackerels
157:
156:
135:
43:Thunnus albacares
2057:
2020:
2019:
2007:
2006:
1997:
1996:
1984:
1983:
1971:
1970:
1958:
1957:
1948:
1947:
1935:
1934:
1932:NBNSYS0000160964
1922:
1921:
1909:
1908:
1896:
1895:
1883:
1882:
1870:
1869:
1857:
1856:
1844:
1843:
1831:
1830:
1821:
1820:
1808:
1807:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1748:
1747:
1729:Related articles
1475:
1393:
1386:
1379:
1370:
1369:
1315:Mackerel as food
1283:
1282:
1240:
1239:
1152:
1151:
1142:
1141:
1056:Chinese mackerel
1029:
1028:
999:
998:
974:
973:
962:
961:
948:
941:
934:
901:
900:
861:
860:
849:
848:
827:
820:
813:
804:
803:
796:Skaphandrus.com
788:
774:
772:
771:
742:
741:
725:
719:
718:
712:
704:
702:
701:
695:
689:. Archived from
688:
680:
674:
673:
656:
650:
649:
647:
645:
627:
621:
620:
601:
595:
594:
584:
543:
537:
536:
534:
532:
518:
509:
493:Mackerel as food
264:just 40 years".
204:and a series of
130:
58:
57:
33:
21:
20:
16:Family of fishes
2065:
2064:
2060:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2015:
2010:
2002:
2000:
1992:
1987:
1979:
1974:
1966:
1961:
1953:
1951:
1943:
1938:
1930:
1925:
1917:
1912:
1904:
1899:
1891:
1886:
1878:
1873:
1865:
1860:
1852:
1847:
1839:
1834:
1826:
1824:
1816:
1811:
1803:
1798:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1774:
1773:
1768:
1755:
1745:
1740:
1724:
1715:Nauru Agreement
1673:
1639:
1571:
1544:
1476:
1467:
1402:
1397:
1367:
1362:
1344:Other Scombrids
1324:
1299:
1280:
1279:
1271:
1237:
1236:
1234:Snake mackerels
1228:
1149:
1148:
1136:
1125:
1101:Papuan seerfish
1081:Korean mackerel
1071:Kanadi kingfish
1026:
1025:
1015:
996:
995:
985:
971:
970:
956:
949:
943:
942:
936:
935:
922:
918:Island mackerel
913:Indian mackerel
898:
897:
887:
858:
857:
843:
836:
831:
781:
769:
767:
746:
745:
726:
722:
706:
705:
699:
697:
693:
686:
684:"Archived copy"
682:
681:
677:
657:
653:
643:
641:
629:
628:
624:
613:H. Walton Clark
602:
598:
544:
540:
530:
528:
516:
510:
506:
501:
484:
246:
222:island mackerel
149:
129:
52:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2063:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2008:
1998:
1985:
1972:
1959:
1949:
1936:
1923:
1910:
1897:
1884:
1871:
1858:
1845:
1832:
1822:
1809:
1796:
1781:
1765:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1674:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1658:
1653:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1620:Tuna casserole
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1581:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1558:
1556:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1542:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1518:Leaping bonito
1515:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1463:Yellowfin tuna
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1418:
1412:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1396:
1395:
1388:
1381:
1373:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1292:
1286:
1284:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1257:Snake mackerel
1254:
1249:
1243:
1241:
1230:
1229:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1155:
1153:
1146:Jack mackerels
1139:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1096:Pacific sierra
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1032:
1030:
1017:
1016:
1014:
1013:
1011:Shark mackerel
1008:
1002:
1000:
992:Grammatorcynus
987:
986:
984:
983:
977:
975:
959:
951:
950:
929:
927:
924:
923:
921:
920:
915:
910:
908:Short mackerel
904:
902:
889:
888:
886:
885:
880:
875:
870:
864:
862:
846:
842:True mackerels
838:
837:
830:
829:
822:
815:
807:
801:
800:
794:
780:
779:External links
777:
776:
775:
744:
743:
720:
675:
660:Froese, Rainer
651:
622:
596:
538:
503:
502:
500:
497:
496:
495:
490:
483:
480:
479:
478:
477:
476:
475:
474:
466:
458:
450:
442:
424:
423:
422:
414:
406:
388:
387:
386:
378:
370:
367:Grammatorcynus
362:
348:Scomberomorini
344:
343:
342:
334:
310:
309:
308:
294:
284:
283:
245:
244:Classification
242:
238:yellowfin tuna
155:
154:
142:
141:
137:
136:
124:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
104:
100:
99:
97:Actinopterygii
94:
90:
89:
84:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
46:
45:
39:Yellowfin tuna
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2062:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2018:
2013:
2009:
2005:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1823:
1819:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1678:Organisations
1676:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1590:Cakalang fufu
1588:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1528:Skipjack tuna
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1513:Mackerel tuna
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1503:Dogtooth tuna
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1448:Longtail tuna
1446:
1444:
1443:Blackfin tuna
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1394:
1389:
1387:
1382:
1380:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1296:
1295:Atka mackerel
1293:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1278:
1277:Hexagrammidae
1274:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1132:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1076:King mackerel
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1051:Cero mackerel
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1024:
1023:
1022:Scomberomorus
1018:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1003:
1001:
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988:
982:
979:
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976:
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968:
967:Acanthocybium
963:
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947:
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933:
919:
916:
914:
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883:Chub mackerel
881:
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878:Blue mackerel
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766:on 2011-07-23
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724:
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696:on 2015-09-26
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27:
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19:
1760:
1662:Tuna Fishing
1661:
1537:
1533:Slender tuna
1523:Little tunny
1508:Frigate tuna
1487:
1420:
1332:
1214:Arabian scad
1209:African scad
1150:(15 species)
1135:Non-Scombrid
1027:(18 species)
1020:
990:
965:
894:Rastrelliger
892:
852:
768:. Retrieved
764:the original
759:
755:
737:
733:
723:
698:. Retrieved
691:the original
678:
667:
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642:. Retrieved
632:
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541:
529:. Retrieved
527:(3): 505–519
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145:
140:Subfamilies
126:
42:
18:
1888:iNaturalist
1785:Wikispecies
1600:Katsuobushi
1498:Bullet tuna
1433:Bigeye tuna
1281:(2 species)
1238:(5 species)
1219:Crozet scad
997:(2 species)
972:(1 species)
899:(3 species)
859:(4 species)
439:Allothunnus
250:taxonomists
234:endothermic
202:dorsal fins
180:food fishes
117:Scombroidei
24:Scombridae
2040:Scombridae
2034:Categories
1818:Scombridae
1805:Scombridae
1791:Scombridae
1761:Scombridae
1664:(painting)
1635:Tuna salad
1488:Scombridae
1481:Other tuna
1224:Rough scad
798:Scombridae
791:Scombridae
770:2011-05-19
700:2015-09-16
531:28 October
499:References
463:Katsuwonus
419:Gymnosarda
411:Cybiosarda
375:Orcynopsis
314:Scombrinae
312:Subfamily
296:Subfamily
290:Eoscombrus
281:Scombridae
269:Scombrinae
214:caudal fin
187:Scombrinae
176:Scombridae
151:Scombrinae
132:Rafinesque
127:Scombridae
113:Suborder:
1562:Almadraba
1554:fisheries
1408:True tuna
1137:mackerels
573:2046-6390
455:Euthynnus
324:mackerels
320:Scombrini
184:subfamily
73:Kingdom:
67:Eukaryota
1825:BioLib:
1770:Wikidata
1669:Tunagate
1630:Tuna pot
1615:Tekkadon
1605:Kezuriki
1428:Albacore
834:Mackerel
709:cite web
669:FishBase
644:18 April
615:(1930).
591:27543056
482:See also
428:Thunnini
259:and the
210:anal fin
161:mackerel
123:Family:
87:Chordata
83:Phylum:
77:Animalia
63:Domain:
1776:Q215185
1595:Chūtoro
1585:Botargo
1577:As food
1550:Fishing
1422:Thunnus
1308:Related
854:Scomber
582:5087677
471:Thunnus
396:bonitos
392:Sardini
339:Scomber
287:Genus †
279:Family
206:finlets
103:Order:
93:Class:
2017:125559
2004:114364
2001:uBio:
1981:210682
1968:308750
1952:NZOR:
1919:172398
1906:114222
1610:Mojama
589:
579:
571:
468:Genus
460:Genus
452:Genus
444:Genus
436:Genus
426:Tribe
416:Genus
408:Genus
400:Genus
390:Tribe
380:Genus
372:Genus
364:Genus
356:Genus
346:Tribe
336:Genus
328:Genus
318:Tribe
302:Genus
275:, as:
273:tribes
218:pelvic
212:. The
172:family
169:bonito
167:, and
134:, 1815
2012:WoRMS
1989:Plazi
1901:IRMNG
1893:47266
1828:43431
1705:WCPFC
1700:CCSBT
1695:ICCAT
1685:IATTC
1644:Other
1539:Auxis
981:Wahoo
694:(PDF)
687:(PDF)
517:(PDF)
447:Auxis
432:tunas
403:Sarda
1945:8224
1940:NCBI
1914:ITIS
1880:8596
1875:GBIF
1867:5210
1841:1846
1836:BOLD
1690:IOTC
1552:and
1416:Tuna
1400:Tuna
715:link
646:2006
611:and
587:PMID
569:ISSN
533:2012
255:The
165:tuna
159:The
1927:NBN
1862:EoL
1854:G55
1849:CoL
1813:AFD
1800:ADW
760:364
577:PMC
561:doi
2036::
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535:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
