613:
2205:, exerting a strong influence on many parts of life. However, from the Catholics' point of view (especially where Catholics were the majority as in the Rhineland Province, the Saar, Alsace and Loraine, and Silesia), Catholics often felt intimidated by self-consciously Protestant rulers, especially when an anti-Catholic campaign was carried on at many levels and would involve "the banishing of priests and nuns from the country, the driving of bishops from their chairs, the closing of schools, the confiscation of church property, the disruption of church gatherings, the disbanding of Catholic associations, and an open feud with the Vatican.
2180:
2656:
2441:
5509:
2322:
1927:
2394:
41:
71:
4625:
588:
2410:
of a compulsory church tax. Under the tax an additional 8 percent to 9 percent of personal income tax is deducted at source by the German state from registered churchgoers (of
Catholic and Protestant communities). Although the tax provides the Catholic and Lutheran churches with an exact membership count and a net income of 5.6 billion euros (in 2008) which has helped make the German Catholic Church one of the wealthiest in the world.
5497:
5071:
4771:
2642:
1761:
2628:
3498:
2471:'s luxury frequent flyer program. Tebartz commissioned a bishop's residence, the St. Nicholas Diocese Center, costing €31 million. Details of the project were kept secret from Limburg's construction authorities to quash rumours of saunas, wine cellars, and interior decorations with precious gems, but the building was later nicknamed the "Kaaba of Limburg", as the colour and cubical shape resembled the
2220:" gained widespread currency. Diplomatic ties with the Vatican were cut and additional laws were passed to quell Catholic opposition. This only resulted in more support by the Catholic population and more resistance by the Church. During the Kulturkampf, four bishops and 185 priests in defiance of the laws were tried and imprisoned and many more were fined or went into exile.
2543:, after praising the seriousness of the Germans in tackling sexual abuse, said that this has been "exploited" to push unrelated ideas, and they seem to be making "concessions" to cultural and media pressure. "The agenda of a limited group of theologians" has become the bishops' proposals, which he says "openly contradict the teaching affirmed by all the popes since the
2278:. The majority of Catholic-sponsored newspapers supported the Centre Party over the Nazi Party. In Munich there were some Catholics, both lay and clerics, who supported Hitler, and, on occasion and contrary to Catholic doctrine, (in the early 1920s) attacked a leading bishop for his defense of Jews. Some bishops prohibited Catholics in their dioceses from joining the
2532:
their deep concern of a possible "capitulation to the
Zeitgeist," on the part of the German bishops. In April 2022, an international group of more than 70 bishops criticized the Germans for allegedly viewing these issues through "the lens of the world rather than through the lens of the truths revealed in Scripture and the Church's authoritative Tradition."
1915:, had been seasonal celebrations where gifts were offered to appropriate gods and attempts were made to forecast what the coming season would be like. Similar events had sometimes been convened in times of crisis, for much the same reasons. The sacrifices, consisting of gold, weapons, animals, and even human beings, were hung on the branches of a holy tree.
1844:, but in 459 these too were overwhelmed by the attacks of Frankish tribes. Most of the Gallo-Romans or Germano-Romans were killed or exiled. The newcomers to the towns reestablished the observance of the pagan rites. The small remaining Catholic population was powerless to protect its faith against the new ruling Frankish lords.
2304:
the
Catholics in the zone occupied by the Soviet army found themselves under a militantly atheist government. Many parishes were cut off from their dioceses in the western part of Germany. German Catholicism was comparatively less affected than Protestantism by the establishment of the GDR, as nearly
2370:
however, the mobility of modern society began to mix the population. Interconfessional married couples face the problem of not being able to share the same communion. Because of continuing secularization, most states have neither a
Catholic nor a Protestant absolute majority (In addition to the ones
2257:
publicly denounced racism and the murder of innocents. Many Jews were offered baptismal certificates by local parishes and priests in
Germany, and some actually converted to escape deportation, arrest or execution, though the Nazi policy of anti-semitism did not exempt "converts" as their philosophy
2409:
One of the biggest challenges facing the church is to retain the registered, tax-paying members (regardless of how often they attend services) to fund parishes and church agencies, especially its international relief organizations like
Adveniat. German Catholics, however, are divided over the issue
1995:
by the German nobles. This explains the attraction of some territorial princes to
Lutheranism. Along with confiscated Catholic church property, ecclesiastical (Catholic) dominions became the personal property of the holder of the formerly religious office, for the right to rule was attached to this
1898:: the king is charged with interacting with the divine on behalf of his people. Hence the general population saw nothing wrong with their kings choosing their preferred mode of worship. The favoured method of showing the supremacy of the Christian belief was the destruction of the holy trees of the
1828:
amongst its pagan subjects and was achieved gradually by various means. The rise of
Germanic Christianity was at times voluntary, particularly among groups associated with the Roman Empire. Aspects of primæval pagan religion have persisted to this day, including the names of the days of the week.
2531:
The synodal path faced a number of criticisms from bishops from all over the world. In
February 2022, the Polish episcopate aired their concerns to Pope Francis, mentioning the impression that "the Gospel is not always the basis for reflection." In March 2022, the Scandinavian bishops also aired
2358:
The German state supports both the
Catholic and Protestant churches; it collects taxes for the churches and there is religious education in the schools, taught by teachers who have to be approved by the churches. Church taxes are "automatic paycheck deductions" taken from all registered church
559:
with the oldest church in the country. The country has a total of about 24,500 Church buildings including many additional religious landmarks: abbeys, minsters, basilicas, pilgrimage churches, chapels, and converted former cathedrals, built in a profusion of different layouts and styles, from
2557:, warned of "reducing the mystery of the Church to a mere institution of power," and so "the greatest danger" of the proposals is to lose "one of the most important achievements" of Vatican II: "the clear teaching of the mission of the bishops and thus of the local Church."
2826:
Kurt Hoppstädter and HansWalter Herrmann (Publishers, Geschichtliche Landeskunde des Saarlandes, Book 2: Von der fränkischen Landnahme bis zum Ausbruch der französischen Revolution. Selbstverlag des Historischen Vereins für die Saargegend e. V., Saarbrücken 1977, Pg
2813:
Kurt Hoppstädter and HansWalter Herrmann (Publishers, Geschichtliche Landeskunde des Saarlandes, Book 2: Von der fränkischen Landnahme bis zum Ausbruch der französischen Revolution. Selbstverlag des Historischen Vereins für die Saargegend e. V., Saarbrücken 1977, Pg
2113:
was carried out, which brought about a major redistribution of territorial sovereignty within the Empire. At that time, large parts of Germany were still ruled by Catholic bishops (95.000 km with more than three million inhabitants). In the mediatizations, the
3207:
2413:
A poll from universities in Berlin and MĂĽnster, advises that 70% of German Catholics approve of blessings for same-sex couples, 80% accept unmarried couples living together and 85% believe priests should be allowed to marry. 70% of German Catholics support
2282:. This ban was modified after Hitler's 23 March 1933 speech to the Reichstag in which he described Christianity as the foundation for German values. The Nazis did not formally advocate Catholicism but rather an apostate "Christian" sect known as
2215:
Laws enacted in the state of Prussia and in the empire in the early 1870s discriminated against Catholics. These laws were resisted by the Church, leading to heated public debates in the media and in the parliaments, during which the term
4328:
331:(or East Germany), Roman Catholics were 42% of the population of West Germany. Religious demographic data is relatively accessible in Germany because, by law, all Christian taxpayers must declare their religious affiliation so that the
1890:. The conversion of the Germanic peoples began with the conversion of the Germanic nobility, who were expected to impose their new faith on the general population. This expectation was consistent with the sacral position of the
2165:). This shift in the 1850s was sustained by a more zealous clergy, the revival of old teaching orders, the emergence of Marian confraternities, new religious congregations of men and women, and the holding of popular missions.
3422:
2156:
lost their means of existence as they had to abandon their lands. Paradoxically, the losses in church land and property made the national or local churches in Germany (as well as in the former Holy Roman Empire, France,
1942:, but they were not considered citizens of the empire.) Within the empire the Catholic Church was a major power. Large parts of the territory were ruled by ecclesiastical lords. Three of the seven seats in the council of
3214:
1978:
Burghers and monarchs were united in their frustration at the Catholic Church not paying any taxes to secular states while itself collecting taxes from subjects and sending the revenues disproportionately to Italy.
2455:
A spate of nationwide de-registrations and protest occurred in late 2013 caused by financial corruption scandals, termed the 'Tebartz-effect'. Investigations alleged misappropriation of church funds by Bishop
322:
Growing rejection of the Church has had its impact in Germany; nevertheless, 28.5% of the total population remain Roman Catholic (23.9 million people as of December 2022). Before the 1990 reunification of the
2033:("whose reign, his religion", or "in the prince's land, the prince's religion"). Families were given a period in which they were free to emigrate to regions where their desired religion prevailed.
2305:
all of the Soviet zone's territory was historically majority Protestant, and only 11% of the people were Catholic. There were only two, small, majority-Catholic regions in the GDR: a part of the
4557:
4333:
2482:
encountered an 80% increase in absences, with 228 de-registrations. Also, 1,250 Bavarians left the church in October 2013, doubling from 602 in September. Throughout Germany the cities of
4015:
2983:
Grew, Raymond in: "Liberty and the Catholic Church in 19th. century Europe", Freedom and Religion in the 19th. Century, edited by Richard Helmstadter, Stanford University Press, 1997,
5428:
5433:
5055:
4755:
3760:
2425:
According to a survey by the Erfurt-based opinion research institute INSA a third of German Catholics are considering leaving. Older Catholics consider leaving primarily due to
2753:
2464:
over several years. Nicknamed the "Protzbischof" ("bling-bishop" or "splurge-bishop"), he provoked outrage for the hypocrisy of preaching poverty while living extravagantly.
2585:
2475:
of Mecca. This was despite the diocese's strained budget, which often lacked funds for basic overhead and maintenance of church facilities and for services such as daycare.
3646:
2467:
His excesses included travelling first class on humanitarian missions to India on flights costing €7,000 each. Tebartz and his Vice-Vicar Franz Kaspar both qualified for
2270:
was raised as a Catholic in Austria but no longer practised his faith as an adult and as he rose to power. The Catholic Church was in opposition to other ideologies like
4385:
3616:
3601:
4550:
1902:. These were trees, usually old oaks or elm trees, dedicated to the gods. Because the missionary was able to destroy the trees without being slain by the gods, his
3636:
2266:, as it had religious representatives in all of the occupied countries. Many individual priests, religious and lay Catholics attempted to save Jews in Germany.
684:
4808:
3352:
1855:
Christians, he became a Catholic. Following the example of their king, many Franks were baptized too, but their Catholicism was intermixed with pagan rites.
1627:
3464:
4543:
1789:
5108:
1577:
2274:, because these ideologies were deemed incompatible with Christian morals. Some German bishops expected their priests to promote the Catholic political
3436:
3274:
4983:
3546:
3502:
3365:
3299:
3818:
3611:
829:
4173:
3957:
3947:
3651:
669:
3351:
Muller, U. Martin; Wensierski, Peter.'Living in lap of luxury:Bishop's extravagant behavior triggers uproar'.August 23, 2013.Der spiegel online.
4941:
4030:
3669:
3641:
2044:(1618-1648), which devastated most of Germany and killed eight million people, many of those within the Empire dying from disease and famine.
1836:
in Germany came to an end with it. At first, the Gallo-Roman or Germano-Roman populations were able to retain control over big cities such as
4520:
4259:
3920:
3324:
2374:
Modern society is changing old structures. Exclusively Catholic environments are disintegrating, even in traditional areas like the state of
2249:
in the years leading up to its rise to power in 1933–34. It believed its primary duty was to protect German Catholics and the Church. Popes
4323:
689:
17:
1918:
The Hiberno-Scottish mission ended in the 13th century. Supported by native Christians, they succeeded in Christianizing all of Germany.
1870:, who was active in the Frankish Empire from 590, and St. Boniface, who was active from 716. The missionaries, particularly the Scottish
1195:
338:
Apart from its demographic weight, the Catholic Church in Germany has an old religious and cultural heritage, which reaches back to both
4801:
4466:
4134:
3606:
2999:
Olsen, Glenn in: The Turn to Transcendence. The Role of Religion in the 21st. Century, The Catholic University of America Press, 2010,
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1517:
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573:
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1782:
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5101:
5014:
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4139:
3985:
2554:
1622:
561:
3519:
4931:
4089:
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3932:
2572:
2109:, was signed on 15 July 1801. Another two years later, in 1803, to compensate the princes of the annexed territories, a set of
1582:
1477:
4967:
4836:
3450:
5373:
5186:
4957:
4888:
4831:
4794:
4305:
4035:
4025:
3952:
3621:
3539:
3023:
1955:
1435:
1260:
398:
4846:
5456:
5393:
5378:
5211:
4998:
4962:
4862:
4817:
4156:
4040:
3353:
http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/german-bishop-of-limburg-triggers-uproar-with-luxurious-lifestyle-a-851707.html
1587:
1455:
1440:
704:
4908:
4872:
4659:
5534:
5029:
4923:
4151:
4045:
1775:
1647:
1445:
596:
2877:"Crisis and Catastrophe: The Global Crisis of the Seventeenth Century ReconsideredGeoffrey ParkerCrisis and Catastrophe"
612:
5471:
5423:
5298:
5293:
5094:
4988:
4594:
3714:
3578:
2695:
1657:
1365:
1360:
1096:
1043:
540:
517:
1882:, Scottish monasteries) in Germany, which were later combined into a single congregation governed by the Abbot of the
414:
4903:
4694:
4609:
3709:
3004:
2988:
2968:
2544:
2191:
308:
3975:
5258:
5019:
4993:
4893:
4841:
4724:
4714:
4254:
4050:
3532:
2240:
1685:
1470:
1325:
744:
3183:
5050:
5024:
4936:
4913:
4898:
4750:
4704:
4447:
3836:
1951:
1180:
1073:
1018:
861:
844:
649:
343:
2785:
5358:
4669:
4664:
1851:
was baptized together with many members of his household. In contrast to the eastern German tribes, who became
1637:
1572:
1522:
1482:
1425:
991:
986:
921:
866:
749:
679:
5328:
5288:
5268:
5248:
5151:
3689:
2000:
1502:
1395:
1355:
1335:
1108:
1078:
1063:
998:
976:
951:
926:
854:
839:
804:
789:
774:
729:
664:
175:
156:
3386:
5539:
5461:
5263:
4300:
4020:
3898:
2861:
2674:
2479:
2457:
2329:
28.5% of the total population is Catholic (23.9 million people as of December 2022). Only one of Germany's
2295:
1862:, and English missionaries reintroduced Christianity into the German territories. During the period of the
1747:
1692:
1607:
1557:
1532:
1330:
1165:
1053:
1048:
966:
956:
794:
521:
5544:
5481:
5466:
5413:
5388:
5343:
5338:
5313:
5171:
4407:
4005:
3998:
3737:
2669:
2212:
regarded the Church as a threat, especially in view of its defense of the discriminated Polish minority.
2131:
1883:
1737:
1727:
1712:
1617:
1542:
1512:
1487:
1450:
1410:
1405:
1380:
1250:
1128:
1068:
1038:
1023:
1013:
941:
901:
876:
719:
714:
694:
659:
644:
335:
can be deducted by the state and passed on to the relevant church in the state where the taxpayer lives.
5451:
5383:
5368:
5318:
5278:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5176:
5161:
5156:
5146:
5141:
5136:
5131:
4295:
4010:
3509:
2566:
2371:
with Catholic majorities mentioned above, there isn't single Protestant absolute majority in Germany.).
2259:
1742:
1717:
1697:
1672:
1600:
1547:
1527:
1430:
1385:
1345:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1255:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1160:
1123:
1113:
1103:
1083:
1028:
886:
849:
834:
819:
809:
799:
764:
759:
709:
654:
629:
604:
2179:
5476:
5418:
5363:
5353:
5333:
5323:
5308:
5303:
5283:
5253:
5221:
5206:
5181:
5117:
4654:
3699:
3122:
Niels Sorrells,"Luther's spiritual heirs face uncertain future, CHRISTIAN CENTURY, March 20, 2007, 16
2448:
2029:
1722:
1702:
1667:
1562:
1552:
1497:
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1420:
1400:
1390:
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1350:
1320:
1315:
1290:
1280:
1213:
1190:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1118:
1058:
936:
931:
896:
891:
824:
779:
739:
634:
622:
513:
453:
362:
2728:
5348:
5273:
5243:
3887:
3631:
2690:
1859:
1707:
1662:
1652:
1642:
1632:
1537:
1415:
1340:
1310:
1200:
1185:
1175:
1033:
1008:
981:
971:
961:
946:
871:
814:
769:
754:
734:
724:
699:
639:
358:
3147:
2605:(996–999), is considered the first German pope. The 11th century saw five German popes, including
2027:) determined the religion of his subjects. This policy is widely referred to by the Latin phrase,
4614:
4277:
3828:
3589:
3555:
2518:
Power and separation of powers in the Church - joint participation and involvement in the mission
2366:
Traditionally, there were localities with Catholic majorities and cities of Protestant majorities
1992:
1871:
1732:
1612:
1507:
1170:
1140:
1135:
1003:
914:
881:
784:
674:
381:, Lorsch Abbey with its remnant 'Torhalle' (gate hall), one of the oldest structures in Germany,
30:
4380:
3719:
3704:
3626:
3465:"As Church in Germany Allows for 'LGBT' Employees, Vatican Publishes Concerns over Synodal Way"
3170:
2478:
The "Tebartz effect" has disillusioned both Protestant and Catholic Christians. In Cologne the
2444:
2389:
The number of Catholics who attend Sunday Mass has decreased (from 22% in 1990 to 13% in 2009).
2348:
2275:
2135:
1984:
4679:
4639:
4535:
2960:
2019:
into Catholic and Protestant territories. Under the treaty, the religion of the ruler (either
4604:
4599:
4584:
4127:
2596:
2540:
2536:
2432:
In 2022 522,821 people left the Church, according to figures released by the German bishops.
2283:
2037:
1988:
1803:
428:
The Catholic Church in Germany also boasts one of the country's most recognizable landmarks,
151:
139:
4649:
3514:
3102:
2440:
2047:
1947:
4719:
4674:
4589:
4375:
4228:
3774:
3563:
2344:
2110:
2053:
2041:
544:
469:
461:
296:
214:
4699:
3437:"BREAKING: Bishops Sign Letter Warning that Germany's 'Synodal Path' Could Lead to Schism"
2352:
532:
410:
8:
4734:
4244:
2714:
2684:
2661:
2550:
2461:
2378:
where the Catholic majority was lost in the archdiocese of Munich (including the city of
2198:
In the mid-19th century, the Catholic Church was also seen as a political power, even in
2183:
2004:
1903:
1820:
to Christianity occurred only in the western part of Germany, the part controlled by the
552:
536:
528:
473:
386:
2613:, previously Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger, reigned from 2005 until his retirement in 2013.
5501:
5075:
4775:
4709:
4566:
3729:
3036:
Fighting for the Soul of Germany: The Catholic Struggle for Inclusion after Unification
2855:
2836:
See Viga-Glum's Saga (Ch.26), Hakon the Good's Saga (Ch.16), Egil's Saga (Ch. 65), etc.
2790:
2647:
2262:– not on religion. The Vatican knew of the murder of the Jews very early on during the
2143:
1959:
1765:
556:
489:
481:
441:
4508:
3683:
3019:
3000:
2984:
2964:
2953:
2898:
2610:
2415:
2339:
has a Catholic absolute majority: Catholicism is also the largest religious group in
2331:
2325:
Members of the Catholic Church in Germany in December 2012 (ecclesiastical provinces)
2209:
2094:
2063:
2016:
2008:
1935:
1895:
1891:
497:
477:
465:
445:
429:
370:
366:
132:
75:
3015:
2941:
James Carroll, CONSTANTINE'S SWORD (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2001), p. 486.
1926:
4684:
4644:
3850:
3747:
3572:
2888:
2359:
members, "regardless of" whether, and if yes, "how often members attend services."
2139:
1817:
1809:
548:
485:
433:
390:
374:
351:
316:
144:
2321:
300:
180:
4729:
4689:
4435:
4107:
4076:
3867:
3755:
3248:
2059:
2024:
1863:
509:
493:
382:
276:
268:
256:
210:
100:
90:
54:
2393:
1921:
4786:
4367:
2679:
2633:
2602:
2162:
2123:
2115:
2090:
2082:
1943:
1813:
378:
339:
332:
280:
117:
3408:
3325:"German Exodus: Half a Million Catholics Abandon Church in Historic Departure"
3173:
Catholics a minority in Archdioses Munich: source Austrian Catholic Newservice
5528:
5513:
4349:
3661:
2902:
2535:
On Nov 24, 2022, the Vatican published the critique of two curial cardinals.
2419:
2383:
2254:
2228:
2106:
2012:
1980:
501:
190:
5086:
3018:
in: An Economic History of 19th-century Europe, Cambridge University Press,
70:
29:"German Catholics" redirects here. For the 19th century dissident sect, see
4481:
4068:
3810:
3792:
2893:
2876:
2521:
Life in succeeding relationships - living love in sexuality and partnership
2511:
2301:
2267:
2263:
2250:
2224:
1825:
1821:
422:
418:
328:
168:
110:
4624:
3919:
3524:
2487:
2418:
and 29% oppose it. 93% of German Catholics believe society should accept
2040:
and tensions within the Holy Roman Empire were one of the reasons for the
40:
4315:
3249:"Germany's quiet Catholic rebellion on gay blessings and women preachers"
2588:
2217:
2174:
2158:
2048:
Secularization of church states in the aftermath of the French Revolution
2020:
1934:
In medieval times, Catholicism was the only official religion within the
1833:
437:
406:
347:
288:
3366:"Tebartz-van Elst: Das kostet die Einrichtung im Limburger Bischofssitz"
4223:
4218:
4200:
3881:
2917:
Marpingen: Apparitions of the Virgin Mary in Nineteenth-Century Germany
2601:
Seven popes have been from Germany. Bruno of Carinthia, who reigned as
2499:
2429:
while younger Catholics primarily want to avoid paying the church tax.
2279:
2199:
1963:
1887:
1867:
402:
394:
3300:"Survey: One in three Catholics in Germany thinking of leaving Church"
3132:
Pongratz-Lippitt, Christa (2004-06-26). "Katholikentag draws 20,000".
2687:- with colored map of the predominant denominations across the country
1991:
justified the confiscation of church property and the crushing of the
5040:
4287:
4269:
4213:
4166:
4059:
3275:"How Catholics around the world see same-sex marriage, homosexuality"
2491:
2468:
2306:
2271:
2187:
2149:
2127:
2098:
2086:
1875:
1832:
As Roman rule crumbled in Germany in the 5th century, this phase of
1824:. Christianization was facilitated by the prestige of the Christian
5496:
5070:
4770:
4431:
4182:
4118:
3911:
3783:
3423:"Nordic Catholic bishops: German 'Synodal Way' fills us with worry"
3148:"Protestant (EKD only) and Catholic statistics by Bundesland 2021)"
2641:
2398:
2336:
2102:
2011:
to officially end the religious wars between the Catholics and the
1983:
denounced the Pope for involvement in politics, and instigated the
1852:
1848:
1760:
292:
3612:
Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Germany and Central Europe (Antioch)
2505:
2134:, which was raised from a bishopric with the incorporation of the
1930:
Ecclesiastical provinces and episcopal sees in Central Europe 1500
5056:
Apostolic Exarchate in Germany and Scandinavia for the Ukrainians
4238:
3859:
3484:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991). Zalar, Jeffery T.
2402:
2375:
2340:
2202:
2119:
2074:
2070:
1958:), and the Arch-chancellor of Germany (archbishop of Mainz). The
1899:
1837:
324:
312:
200:
79:
3451:"Vatican publishes cardinals' critiques of German 'synodal way'"
2289:
1911:
4565:
3497:
2606:
2510:
Starting on 1 December 2019, the German Catholic Church held a
2495:
2483:
2379:
2246:
2066:
525:
449:
304:
3208:"Key Performance Indicators of the Catholic Church 1990 -2009"
2609:
who was canonized as a saint. The most recent German pope was
2286:
that was in direct opposition to Catholic dogma and doctrine.
2227:
in 1878, Bismarck took up negotiations with more conciliatory
4208:
3238:
See Willkommen zum Adveniat-Blog, Adveniat Media Portal, etc.
3171:
Erzdiözese München: Nichtkatholiken seit 2010 in der Mehrheit
2472:
2310:
2153:
2078:
1922:
Catholicism as the official religion of the Holy Roman Empire
1841:
505:
457:
243:
122:
2839:
291:, and with the German bishops. The current "Speaker" (i.e.,
1967:
1939:
284:
224:
163:
4386:
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Germany
3632:
Romanian Orthodox Metropolis of Germany and Central Europe
3602:
Archdiocese of Russian Orthodox churches in Western Europe
2584:
2422:
while 6% believe society should not accept homosexuality.
2231:
who proclaimed the end of the Kulturkampf on 23 May 1887.
3647:
Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of DĂĽsseldorf and all of Germany
3409:"Polish Episcopate Concerned About German 'Synodal Path'"
3051:(DeKalb: University of Northern Illinois Press, 2008), 30
2955:
Iron Kingdom: The Rise and Downfall of Prussia, 1600–1947
4329:
Volksmission- The People’s Mission of Decided Christians
3607:
Bulgarian Orthodox Eparchy of Central and Western Europe
3389:. The Local: Germany's news in English. November 7, 2013
2502:
reported three-fold increases of Catholic resignations.
3637:
Russian Orthodox Diocese of Berlin and Germany (Moscow)
2362:
Catholicism in Germany today faces several challenges:
3642:
Russian Orthodox Diocese of Berlin and Germany (ROCOR)
3520:
In Germany, Many Believers Balk at Tweak to Church Tax
4756:
Ukrainian Apostolic Exarch of Germany and Scandinavia
3617:
Greek Orthodox Metropolis of Germany (Constantinople)
3486:
Reading and Rebellion in Catholic Germany, 1770-1914
2623:
2560:
2309:
region and the region in the southeast inhabited by
1866:, the two most important of these missionaries were
567:
357:
Notable religious sites include structures from the
2952:
2848:Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae pontificium Book IV
578:
432:. Other notable Roman Catholic cathedrals are in
3176:
2930:Popular Catholicism in Nineteenth-Century Germany
2726:
2118:states were by and large annexed to neighbouring
500:which was depicted on the reverse of the old 500
5526:
4816:
3131:
2783:
2015:. This treaty legalized the partitioning of the
4174:Evangelical Old-Reformed Church in Lower Saxony
3488:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018).
2830:
2506:Synodal Path and Criticism of the German Church
2316:
2122:principalities. Only three survived a tide of
4016:Berlin, Brandenburg and Silesian Upper Lusatia
3670:True Orthodox Metropolis of Germany and Europe
3381:
3379:
2234:
560:Romanesque to post-modern. Many are listed as
5116:
5102:
4802:
4551:
4521:United Evangelical Lutheran Church of Germany
4260:Union of Evangelical Free Churches in Germany
3540:
3387:"'Untrusting' Catholics rush to leave church"
3347:
3345:
2527:Women in ministries and offices in the Church
2435:
2290:Catholicism in the German Democratic Republic
1973:
1783:
413:, Sacred Heart in Munich (finished in 2000),
3480:Burleigh, Michael, and Wolfgang Wippermann.
531:with its onion domes and giant single roof,
52:
4126:
4067:
3554:
3376:
1946:were occupied by Catholic archbishops: the
5109:
5095:
4809:
4795:
4558:
4544:
4503:
4501:
4499:
4497:
4495:
4493:
4491:
4489:
4476:
4474:
4467:Communion of Protestant Churches in Europe
4461:
4459:
4457:
4455:
4426:
4424:
3547:
3533:
3342:
3091:Archiv des Erzbistums Munchen und Freising
2845:
2727:Bischofskonferenz, Deutsche (2022-06-28).
1790:
1776:
3322:
2892:
574:History of the Catholic Church in Germany
342:, the "Apostle of Germany" and the first
273:Römisch-katholische Kirche in Deutschland
3103:"The German Churches and the Nazi State"
2583:
2439:
2392:
2320:
2258:was based on race as pointed out in its
2178:
1925:
4513:
4486:
4471:
4452:
4440:
4421:
4140:Independent Evangelical-Lutheran Church
3272:
2555:Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith
2161:, and Austria) more dependent on Rome (
14:
5527:
3858:
2874:
2822:
2820:
2804:Annuario Pontificio 2008 en presentert
2573:Bund der Deutschen Katholischen Jugend
2426:
476:with the coronation church of the old
5090:
4790:
4539:
4306:Seventh Day Adventist Reform Movement
3997:
3720:Syriac Orthodox Metropolis of Germany
3715:Ethiopian Orthodox Diocese of Cologne
3622:Macedonian Orthodox Diocese of Europe
3528:
2959:. Harvard University Press. pp.
2950:
2784:Craig R. Whitney (28 December 1992).
4157:Evangelical Lutheran Church in Baden
3700:Armenian Orthodox Diocese of Cologne
2085:. One result was the cession of the
3482:The Racial State: Germany 1933-1945
3297:
2919:(New York: Alfred Knopf, 1994), 29.
2817:
1944:electors of the Holy Roman Emperors
365:buildings. A cursory list may name
24:
4984:Archdiocese of Munich and Freising
4324:Federation of Pentecostal Churches
3652:Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow)
3475:
3184:"Deutsche Bischofskonferenz: Home"
2696:Eastern Orthodox Church in Germany
1847:But as soon as 496, Frankish King
25:
5556:
3710:Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church
3705:Coptic Orthodox Diocese of Höxter
3491:
3075:Cardinal von Faulhaber, 1917-1945
2786:"Church tax cuts the German fold"
2561:Catholic organizations in Germany
2545:Second Vatican Ecumenical Council
2192:Archbishop of Munich and Freising
1954:), the Arch-chancellor of Italy (
568:History of Catholicism in Germany
309:Roman Catholic Diocese of Limburg
261:Katholische Kirche in Deutschland
59:Katholische Kirche in Deutschland
5507:
5495:
5069:
4769:
4623:
4255:International Baptist Convention
4135:Evangelical Lutheran Free Church
3503:Roman Catholic Church in Germany
3496:
3323:Wimmer, AC; CNA (28 June 2023).
3077:Volume I (Mainz, 1975), 305-325.
2932:(Princeton, NJ: Princeton, 1984)
2654:
2640:
2626:
2241:Catholic Church and Nazi Germany
1759:
1578:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
685:Democratic Republic of the Congo
611:
586:
265:Roman Catholic Church in Germany
69:
39:
5051:Military Ordinariate of Germany
4977:Province of Munich and Freising
4942:Diocese of Rottenburg-Stuttgart
4334:Gemeinde Gottes – Church of God
3761:Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
3457:
3443:
3429:
3415:
3401:
3358:
3316:
3291:
3266:
3241:
3232:
3200:
3164:
3140:
3125:
3116:
3095:
3080:
3067:
3054:
3041:
3028:
3009:
2993:
2977:
2944:
2935:
2922:
2909:
2875:Parker, Geoffrey (2008-10-01).
2868:
2579:
1962:could only become such through
1909:The pagan sacrifices, known as
1858:Over the next eight centuries,
579:Christianization of the Germans
3510:The Catholic Church in Germany
2881:The American Historical Review
2807:
2798:
2777:
2746:
2720:
2708:
2591:was one of seven German popes.
2245:The Catholic Church denounced
2168:
2093:in 1795. Six years later, the
13:
1:
2701:
2001:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
315:, 7 of them with the rank of
4818:Catholic dioceses in Germany
4301:Seventh-day Adventist Church
4278:Evangelical Methodist Church
3273:Diamant, Jeff (2020-11-02).
2675:Holy See - Germany relations
2551:Luis Ladaria Cardinal Ferrer
2458:Franz-Peter Tebartz-van Elst
2317:Catholicism today in Germany
2296:Christianity in East Germany
1993:Great Peasant Revolt of 1525
1989:doctrine of the two kingdoms
436:with the throne and tomb of
18:Roman Catholicism in Germany
7:
4408:German Evangelical Alliance
4090:Evangelical Reformed Church
3738:Assyrian Church of the East
2951:Clark, Christopher (2006).
2670:Apostolic Nuncio to Germany
2619:
2235:Catholicism and Third Reich
2132:Archbishopric of Regensburg
327:by accession of the former
275:) is part of the worldwide
235:23.9 million (28.5%) (2022)
10:
5561:
5535:Catholic Church in Germany
5118:Catholic Church in Europe
4868:Diocese of Dresden-Meissen
4751:Ordinary of the Bundeswehr
4571:Catholic Church in Germany
4296:Sabbath Rest Advent Church
3515:German Bishops' Conference
3355:retrieved December 6, 2013
3329:National Catholic Register
2733:Deutsche Bischofskonferenz
2594:
2567:Katholische junge Gemeinde
2293:
2260:National Socialist Program
2238:
2172:
2069:defeated the coalition of
2051:
1974:The Protestant Reformation
1808:The earliest stage of the
1801:
605:Catholic Church by country
571:
401:on the opposite hill, the
346:, buried in Fulda, and to
329:German Democratic Republic
253:Catholic Church in Germany
244:German Bishops' Conference
157:German Bishops' Conference
45:Catholic Church in Germany
28:
5490:
5442:
5404:
5124:
5064:
5038:
5007:
4976:
4950:
4922:
4881:
4855:
4824:
4764:
4743:
4632:
4621:
4577:
4416:
4398:
4366:
4342:
4314:
4286:
4268:
4237:
4199:
4181:
4165:
4117:
4106:
4058:
3984:
3910:
3897:
3880:
3849:
3827:
3809:
3791:
3782:
3773:
3746:
3728:
3682:
3660:
3588:
3571:
3562:
3062:Resisting the Third Reich
2449:Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz
2386:) as recently as in 2010.
2030:cuius regio, eius religio
311:. It is divided into 27
239:
231:
220:
206:
196:
186:
174:
162:
150:
138:
128:
116:
106:
96:
86:
68:
49:
38:
5015:Archdiocese of Paderborn
4031:Hesse Electorate-Waldeck
3034:Rebecca Ayako Bennette,
2860:: CS1 maint: location (
2691:Protestantism in Germany
2524:Priestly existence today
2514:convocation discussing:
670:Central African Republic
425:staged every ten years.
4932:Archdiocese of Freiburg
3556:Christianity in Germany
2754:"Church statistics PDF"
2729:"Kirchenstatistik 2022"
2397:Catholic procession in
2138:, and the lands of the
1938:. (There were resident
31:German Catholics (sect)
5502:Catholicism portal
5167:Bosnia and Herzegovina
5076:Catholicism portal
4958:Archdiocese of Hamburg
4889:Archdiocese of Cologne
4832:Archdiocese of Bamberg
4776:Catholicism portal
3627:Polish Orthodox Church
2894:10.1086/ahr.113.4.1053
2592:
2452:
2406:
2349:North Rhine-Westphalia
2335:(federal states), the
2326:
2195:
2136:Archbishopric of Mainz
2003:and the forces of the
1999:On 25 September 1555,
1985:Protestant Reformation
1931:
1766:Catholicism portal
1246:Bosnia and Herzegovina
510:St. Martin's Cathedral
484:(superseding Aachen),
454:St. Hedwig's Cathedral
272:
260:
58:
53:
5008:Province of Paderborn
4999:Diocese of Regensburg
4963:Diocese of Hildesheim
4863:Archdiocese of Berlin
4434:with the rest of the
3801:Roman Catholic Church
3505:at Wikimedia Commons
2587:
2541:Dicastery for Bishops
2537:Cardinal Marc Ouellet
2443:
2396:
2324:
2284:Positive Christianity
2182:
2144:Knights of Saint John
2038:religious intolerance
1956:archbishop of Cologne
1929:
1804:Germanic Christianity
1568:Saint Kitts and Nevis
830:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
690:Republic of the Congo
277:Roman Catholic Church
5030:Diocese of Magdeburg
4968:Diocese of OsnabrĂĽck
4924:Province of Freiburg
4837:Diocese of Eichstätt
4670:Rottenburg-Stuttgart
4595:Freiburg im Breisgau
4376:New Apostolic Church
4229:Schwarzenau Brethren
3837:Free Catholic Church
3775:Western Christianity
3564:Eastern Christianity
3304:Catholic News Agency
2345:Rhineland-Palatinate
2054:German mediatization
1906:had to be stronger.
1196:United Arab Emirates
562:World Heritage Sites
462:Bernhard Lichtenberg
297:episcopal conference
5540:Religion in Germany
5405:States with limited
4989:Diocese of Augsburg
4951:Province of Hamburg
4882:Province of Cologne
4847:Diocese of WĂĽrzburg
4825:Province of Bamberg
4610:Munich and Freising
4399:Interdenominational
4381:Jehovah's Witnesses
3819:Old Catholic Church
3453:. 24 November 2022.
3411:. 22 February 2022.
3279:Pew Research Center
3038:(Harvard U.P. 2012)
2715:Annuario Pontificio
2685:Religion in Germany
2680:Holy See in Germany
2662:Vatican City portal
2382:and large parts of
2223:After the death of
2184:Munich Frauenkirche
2005:Schmalkaldic League
1952:archbishop of Trier
1583:Trinidad and Tobago
1478:Antigua and Barbuda
468:, proto-Romanesque
344:Archbishop of Mainz
5545:Culture of Bavaria
4909:Diocese of MĂĽnster
4904:Diocese of Limburg
4873:Diocese of Görlitz
4856:Province of Berlin
3921:United Evangelical
3372:. 10 October 2013.
3298:CNA (2021-03-12).
3087:Faulhaber Archives
2928:Jonathan Sperber,
2915:David Blackbourn,
2791:The New York Times
2648:Catholicism portal
2593:
2453:
2407:
2327:
2196:
2058:In the war of the
1960:Holy Roman Emperor
1932:
1518:Dominican Republic
553:Imperial cathedral
421:is famous for the
287:, assisted by the
5522:
5521:
5514:Europe portal
5084:
5083:
5020:Diocese of Erfurt
4994:Diocese of Passau
4894:Diocese of Aachen
4842:Diocese of Speyer
4784:
4783:
4533:
4532:
4509:Reformed Alliance
4394:
4393:
4362:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4191:Church of England
4147:
4146:
4102:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4085:
4084:
3966:
3965:
3876:
3875:
3845:
3844:
3769:
3768:
3684:Oriental Orthodox
3678:
3677:
3501:Media related to
3024:978-1-107-03070-1
2553:, prefect of the
2539:, prefect of the
2480:Protestant Church
2427:child abuse cases
2416:same-sex marriage
2353:Baden-WĂĽrttemberg
2095:Concordat of 1801
2089:to France by the
2042:Thirty Years' War
2017:Holy Roman Empire
2009:Peace of Augsburg
1936:Holy Roman Empire
1896:Germanic paganism
1800:
1799:
705:Equatorial Guinea
551:with its Rhenish
430:Cologne Cathedral
317:metropolitan sees
249:
248:
133:Catholic theology
76:Cologne Cathedral
16:(Redirected from
5552:
5512:
5511:
5510:
5500:
5499:
5443:Dependencies and
5384:Northern Ireland
5125:Sovereign states
5111:
5104:
5097:
5088:
5087:
5074:
5073:
5025:Diocese of Fulda
4937:Diocese of Mainz
4914:Diocese of Trier
4899:Diocese of Essen
4811:
4804:
4797:
4788:
4787:
4774:
4773:
4627:
4560:
4553:
4546:
4537:
4536:
4524:
4517:
4511:
4505:
4484:
4478:
4469:
4463:
4450:
4448:Union of Utrecht
4444:
4438:
4428:
4248:
4124:
4123:
4115:
4114:
4065:
4064:
4036:Hesse and Nassau
3995:
3994:
3958:Schaumburg-Lippe
3948:Northern Germany
3917:
3916:
3908:
3907:
3895:
3894:
3891:
3856:
3855:
3851:Proto-Protestant
3789:
3788:
3780:
3779:
3693:
3586:
3585:
3582:
3573:Eastern Orthodox
3569:
3568:
3549:
3542:
3535:
3526:
3525:
3500:
3469:
3468:
3461:
3455:
3454:
3447:
3441:
3440:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3383:
3374:
3373:
3362:
3356:
3349:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3320:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3245:
3239:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3219:
3213:. Archived from
3212:
3204:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3193:
3188:
3180:
3174:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3152:
3144:
3138:
3137:
3129:
3123:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3099:
3093:
3084:
3078:
3071:
3065:
3058:
3052:
3049:Hitler's Priests
3045:
3039:
3032:
3026:
3013:
3007:
2997:
2991:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2958:
2948:
2942:
2939:
2933:
2926:
2920:
2913:
2907:
2906:
2896:
2887:(4): 1053–1079.
2872:
2866:
2865:
2859:
2851:
2846:Adam of Bremen.
2843:
2837:
2834:
2828:
2824:
2815:
2811:
2805:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2765:
2759:. Archived from
2758:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2724:
2718:
2712:
2664:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2650:
2645:
2644:
2636:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2436:"Tebartz effect"
2140:Teutonic Knights
1792:
1785:
1778:
1764:
1763:
1648:Papua New Guinea
1623:Marshall Islands
1446:Northern Ireland
615:
590:
589:
583:
582:
399:Vierzehnheiligen
375:Erfurt Cathedral
352:Aachen Cathedral
240:Official website
73:
64:
62:
43:
36:
35:
21:
5560:
5559:
5555:
5554:
5553:
5551:
5550:
5549:
5525:
5524:
5523:
5518:
5508:
5506:
5494:
5486:
5444:
5438:
5424:Northern Cyprus
5406:
5400:
5299:North Macedonia
5120:
5115:
5085:
5080:
5068:
5060:
5034:
5003:
4972:
4946:
4918:
4877:
4851:
4820:
4815:
4785:
4780:
4768:
4760:
4739:
4655:Dresden-Meissen
4628:
4619:
4573:
4564:
4534:
4529:
4528:
4527:
4518:
4514:
4506:
4487:
4479:
4472:
4464:
4453:
4445:
4441:
4436:Catholic Church
4429:
4422:
4412:
4400:
4390:
4354:
4338:
4310:
4282:
4264:
4242:
4241:
4233:
4195:
4177:
4161:
4143:
4109:
4094:
4081:
4077:Church of Lippe
4054:
4026:Central Germany
3989:
3987:
3980:
3962:
3924:
3923:Lutheran Church
3922:
3902:
3900:
3885:
3884:
3872:
3868:Moravian Church
3841:
3823:
3805:
3765:
3756:Maronite Church
3742:
3724:
3687:
3686:
3674:
3656:
3593:
3591:
3576:
3575:
3558:
3553:
3494:
3478:
3476:Further reading
3473:
3472:
3463:
3462:
3458:
3449:
3448:
3444:
3435:
3434:
3430:
3421:
3420:
3416:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3392:
3390:
3385:
3384:
3377:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3350:
3343:
3333:
3331:
3321:
3317:
3308:
3306:
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3662:True Orthodox
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3244:
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3209:
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3185:
3179:
3172:
3167:
3149:
3143:
3136:. p. 26.
3135:
3128:
3119:
3104:
3098:
3092:
3088:
3083:
3076:
3073:Ludwig Volk,
3070:
3063:
3057:
3050:
3047:Kevin Spicer
3044:
3037:
3031:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3012:
3006:
3005:9780813217406
3002:
2996:
2990:
2989:9780804730877
2986:
2980:
2972:
2970:9780674023857
2966:
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2849:
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2833:
2823:
2821:
2810:
2801:
2793:
2792:
2787:
2780:
2766:on 2010-06-02
2762:
2755:
2749:
2734:
2730:
2723:
2717:2012, p. 1127
2716:
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2465:
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2459:
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2442:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2423:
2421:
2420:homosexuality
2417:
2411:
2404:
2400:
2395:
2388:
2385:
2384:Upper Bavaria
2381:
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2256:
2252:
2248:
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2232:
2230:
2229:Pope Leo XIII
2226:
2221:
2219:
2213:
2211:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
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2147:
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2141:
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2133:
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2117:
2112:
2108:
2107:Pope Pius VII
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2065:
2064:revolutionary
2061:
2055:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1981:Martin Luther
1971:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1950:of Burgundy (
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1928:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1907:
1905:
1904:Christian god
1901:
1897:
1893:
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1873:
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1856:
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1814:Celtic people
1811:
1805:
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1471:North America
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1326:Liechtenstein
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778:
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771:
768:
766:
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751:
748:
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745:Guinea-Bissau
743:
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728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
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388:
384:
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372:
368:
364:
360:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
336:
334:
330:
326:
320:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
301:Georg Bätzing
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
245:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
223:
219:
216:
212:
209:
205:
202:
199:
195:
192:
191:Franz Lackner
189:
185:
182:
181:Georg Bätzing
179:
177:
173:
170:
167:
165:
161:
158:
155:
153:
149:
146:
143:
141:
137:
134:
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127:
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119:
115:
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109:
105:
102:
99:
95:
92:
89:
85:
81:
77:
72:
67:
63:
61:
60:
56:
48:
42:
37:
32:
27:
19:
5434:Transnistria
5216:
5039:
4578:Archdioceses
4570:
4519:Part of the
4515:
4507:Part of the
4482:Landeskirche
4480:All of them
4465:Part of the
4446:Part of the
4442:
4245:Main article
4128:Confessional
4069:Landeskirche
3888:Main article
3811:Old Catholic
3800:
3793:Latin Church
3690:Main article
3579:Main article
3495:
3485:
3481:
3479:
3459:
3445:
3431:
3417:
3403:
3391:. Retrieved
3369:
3360:
3332:. Retrieved
3328:
3318:
3307:. Retrieved
3303:
3293:
3282:. Retrieved
3278:
3268:
3257:. Retrieved
3255:. 2021-05-24
3252:
3243:
3234:
3222:. Retrieved
3215:the original
3202:
3190:. Retrieved
3178:
3166:
3154:. Retrieved
3142:
3133:
3127:
3118:
3106:. Retrieved
3097:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3074:
3069:
3061:
3056:
3048:
3043:
3035:
3030:
3011:
2995:
2979:
2954:
2946:
2937:
2929:
2924:
2916:
2911:
2884:
2880:
2870:
2847:
2841:
2832:
2809:
2800:
2789:
2779:
2768:. Retrieved
2761:the original
2748:
2736:. Retrieved
2732:
2722:
2710:
2615:
2611:Benedict XVI
2600:
2597:German popes
2580:German popes
2549:
2534:
2530:
2512:Synodal Path
2509:
2477:
2466:
2454:
2431:
2424:
2412:
2408:
2367:
2361:
2357:
2332:Bundesländer
2330:
2328:
2302:World War II
2299:
2276:Centre Party
2268:Adolf Hitler
2244:
2225:Pope Pius IX
2222:
2214:
2207:
2197:
2163:ultramontane
2148:
2057:
2035:
2028:
1998:
1977:
1933:
1917:
1910:
1908:
1879:
1872:Benedictines
1857:
1846:
1831:
1826:Roman Empire
1822:Roman Empire
1807:
1285:
1181:Saudi Arabia
1074:Turkmenistan
862:South Africa
845:Sierra Leone
650:Burkina Faso
529:Frauenkirche
512:) (the only
427:
423:Passion Play
419:Oberammergau
356:
350:, buried at
337:
321:
264:
252:
250:
221:Headquarters
51:
26:
5472:Isle of Man
5407:recognition
5359:Switzerland
5294:Netherlands
4316:Pentecostal
3976:WĂĽrttemberg
3829:Independent
3393:December 6,
3370:Der Spiegel
2850:. Ch.26–28.
2589:Pope Leo IX
2264:Third Reich
2218:Kulturkampf
2208:Chancellor
2175:Kulturkampf
2169:Kulturkampf
2159:Switzerland
2150:Monasteries
2128:theocracies
2025:Catholicism
2021:Lutheranism
2013:Protestants
2007:signed the
1987:. Luther's
1876:monasteries
1834:Catholicism
1638:New Zealand
1573:Saint Lucia
1523:El Salvador
1426:Switzerland
1361:Netherlands
1097:Middle East
1044:Philippines
992:South Korea
987:North Korea
922:Afghanistan
867:South Sudan
750:Ivory Coast
516:other than
502:Deutschmark
456:) with the
438:Charlemagne
411:FĂĽrstenfeld
371:Maria Laach
367:Quedlinburg
359:Carolingian
348:Charlemagne
289:Roman Curia
107:Orientation
5529:Categories
5329:San Marino
5289:Montenegro
5269:Luxembourg
5249:Kazakhstan
5152:Azerbaijan
4720:Regensburg
4675:Hildesheim
4224:Mennonites
4219:Hutterites
4201:Anabaptist
4051:Westphalia
4041:Palatinate
3988:Protestant
3925:of Germany
3899:Protestant
3882:Protestant
3309:2022-03-11
3284:2022-03-11
3259:2022-03-11
2770:2015-07-01
2702:References
2500:Regensburg
2280:Nazi Party
2200:Protestant
1964:coronation
1888:Regensburg
1874:, founded
1868:Columbanus
1810:conversion
1628:Micronesia
1503:Costa Rica
1396:San Marino
1356:Montenegro
1336:Luxembourg
1109:Azerbaijan
1079:Uzbekistan
1064:Tajikistan
999:Kyrgyzstan
977:Kazakhstan
952:East Timor
927:Bangladesh
855:Somaliland
840:Seychelles
805:Mozambique
790:Mauritania
775:Madagascar
665:Cape Verde
545:Regensburg
504:banknote,
470:Hildesheim
403:Wieskirche
391:Weingarten
333:church tax
152:Governance
5462:Gibraltar
5264:Lithuania
5041:Sui iuris
4735:Magdeburg
4680:OsnabrĂĽck
4640:Eichstätt
4615:Paderborn
4567:Hierarchy
4432:communion
4288:Adventist
4270:Methodist
4214:Bruderhof
4167:Calvinist
4060:Calvinist
4046:Rhineland
3971:Oldenburg
3938:Brunswick
3901:Church in
3730:Nestorian
3334:31 August
2903:0002-8762
2856:cite book
2492:Paderborn
2488:OsnabrĂĽck
2469:Lufthansa
2307:Eichsfeld
2272:Communism
2188:Cathedral
2099:agreement
2087:Rhineland
1748:Venezuela
1693:Argentina
1608:Australia
1558:Nicaragua
1533:Guatemala
1331:Lithuania
1166:Palestine
1054:Sri Lanka
1049:Singapore
967:Indonesia
957:Hong Kong
795:Mauritius
537:Paderborn
522:Jerusalem
474:Frankfurt
415:Altötting
387:Maulbronn
383:Reichenau
295:) of the
283:with the
281:communion
227:, Germany
145:Episcopal
118:Scripture
5482:Svalbard
5467:Guernsey
5414:Abkhazia
5389:Scotland
5344:Slovenia
5339:Slovakia
5314:Portugal
5172:Bulgaria
4710:Augsburg
4650:WĂĽrzburg
4633:Dioceses
4183:Anglican
4119:Lutheran
4110:Churches
3990:Churches
3986:Union of
3912:Lutheran
3784:Catholic
3748:Catholic
3592:Orthodox
3253:BBC News
3224:18 April
3192:18 April
3156:25 March
3108:18 April
3060:Spicer,
2620:See also
2399:Moosburg
2337:Saarland
2255:Pius XII
2210:Bismarck
2103:Napoleon
2101:between
1996:office.
1849:Clovis I
1738:Suriname
1728:Paraguay
1713:Colombia
1618:Kiribati
1543:Honduras
1513:Dominica
1488:Barbados
1451:Scotland
1411:Slovenia
1406:Slovakia
1381:Portugal
1251:Bulgaria
1129:Abkhazia
1069:Thailand
1039:Pakistan
1024:Mongolia
1019:Maldives
1014:Malaysia
942:Cambodia
902:Zimbabwe
877:Tanzania
720:Ethiopia
715:Eswatini
695:Djibouti
660:Cameroon
645:Botswana
597:a series
595:Part of
514:Holy see
490:Freising
486:Freiburg
482:Emperors
442:Augsburg
379:Eberbach
313:dioceses
293:Chairman
207:Language
187:Director
176:Chairman
129:Theology
101:Catholic
5379:England
5369:Ukraine
5319:Romania
5279:Moldova
5237:Ireland
5232:Iceland
5227:Hungary
5217:Germany
5212:Georgia
5202:Finland
5197:Estonia
5192:Denmark
5177:Croatia
5162:Belgium
5157:Belarus
5147:Austria
5142:Armenia
5137:Andorra
5132:Albania
4700:MĂĽnster
4695:Limburg
4660:Görlitz
4605:Cologne
4600:Hamburg
4585:Bamberg
4569:of the
4523:as well
4430:Not in
4239:Baptist
3943:Hanover
3933:Bavaria
3903:Germany
3860:Hussite
3590:Eastern
2961:568–576
2738:30 June
2462:Limburg
2403:Bavaria
2376:Bavaria
2341:Bavaria
2251:Pius XI
2203:Prussia
2190:of the
2120:secular
2083:Britain
2075:Austria
2071:Prussia
1966:by the
1900:Germans
1838:Cologne
1743:Uruguay
1718:Ecuador
1698:Bolivia
1673:Vanuatu
1601:Oceania
1548:Jamaica
1528:Grenada
1483:Bahamas
1441:England
1431:Ukraine
1386:Romania
1346:Moldova
1306:Ireland
1301:Iceland
1296:Hungary
1286:Germany
1276:Finland
1271:Estonia
1266:Denmark
1261:Czechia
1256:Croatia
1241:Belgium
1236:Belarus
1231:Austria
1226:Andorra
1221:Albania
1161:Lebanon
1124:Georgia
1114:Bahrain
1104:Armenia
1084:Vietnam
1029:Myanmar
887:Tunisia
850:Somalia
835:Senegal
820:Nigeria
810:Namibia
800:Morocco
765:Liberia
760:Lesotho
710:Eritrea
680:Comoros
655:Burundi
630:Algeria
533:MĂĽnster
498:Limburg
466:Dresden
446:Bamberg
361:era to
325:Germany
307:of the
232:Members
201:Germany
169:Francis
80:Cologne
5477:Jersey
5419:Kosovo
5364:Turkey
5354:Sweden
5334:Serbia
5324:Russia
5309:Poland
5304:Norway
5284:Monaco
5254:Latvia
5222:Greece
5207:France
5182:Cyprus
4725:Erfurt
4715:Passau
4685:Aachen
4645:Speyer
4590:Berlin
4021:Bremen
4006:Anhalt
3999:United
3953:Saxony
3594:Church
3134:TABLET
3022:
3003:
2987:
2967:
2901:
2607:Leo IX
2575:(BDKJ)
2496:Passau
2484:Bremen
2405:, 2005
2380:Munich
2300:After
2247:Nazism
2154:abbeys
2130:: the
2081:, and
2067:France
1723:Guyana
1703:Brazil
1668:Tuvalu
1563:Panama
1553:Mexico
1498:Canada
1493:Belize
1421:Sweden
1401:Serbia
1391:Russia
1376:Poland
1371:Norway
1351:Monaco
1321:Latvia
1316:Kosovo
1291:Greece
1281:France
1214:Europe
1191:Turkey
1156:Kuwait
1151:Jordan
1146:Israel
1119:Cyprus
1059:Taiwan
937:Brunei
932:Bhutan
897:Zambia
892:Uganda
825:Rwanda
780:Malawi
740:Guinea
730:Gambia
635:Angola
623:Africa
599:on the
555:, and
549:Speyer
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526:Munich
450:Berlin
434:Aachen
363:modern
305:Bishop
269:German
257:German
211:German
197:Region
140:Polity
55:German
5452:Ă…land
5394:Wales
5349:Spain
5274:Malta
5244:Italy
4744:Other
4730:Fulda
4705:Trier
4690:Essen
4665:Mainz
4343:Other
4209:Amish
4011:Baden
3218:(PDF)
3211:(PDF)
3187:(PDF)
3151:(PDF)
2814:17/18
2764:(PDF)
2757:(PDF)
2569:(KjG)
2473:Kaaba
2311:Sorbs
2097:, an
2079:Spain
1853:Arian
1842:Trier
1708:Chile
1663:Tonga
1653:Samoa
1643:Palau
1633:Nauru
1538:Haiti
1456:Wales
1416:Spain
1341:Malta
1311:Italy
1201:Yemen
1186:Syria
1176:Qatar
1034:Nepal
1009:Macau
982:Korea
972:Japan
962:India
947:China
872:Sudan
815:Niger
770:Libya
755:Kenya
735:Ghana
725:Gabon
700:Egypt
640:Benin
557:Trier
508:with
506:Mainz
494:Fulda
478:Reich
458:crypt
407:Ettal
263:) or
215:Latin
123:Bible
111:Latin
4108:Free
3395:2013
3336:2023
3226:2017
3194:2017
3158:2023
3110:2017
3064:, 29
3020:ISBN
3001:ISBN
2985:ISBN
2965:ISBN
2899:ISSN
2862:link
2740:2023
2498:and
2351:and
2253:and
2152:and
2142:and
2105:and
2036:The
1968:Pope
1940:Jews
1912:blĂłt
1892:king
1840:and
1816:and
1733:Peru
1613:Fiji
1508:Cuba
1171:Oman
1141:Iraq
1136:Iran
1004:Laos
915:Asia
882:Togo
785:Mali
675:Chad
520:and
518:Rome
397:and
395:Banz
285:Pope
251:The
225:Bonn
164:Pope
87:Type
3089:in
2889:doi
2885:113
2547:."
2460:of
2126:as
2023:or
1894:in
1886:at
524:),
480:'s
460:of
319:.
299:is
279:in
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4473:^
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2854:{{
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1970:.
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547:,
543:,
539:,
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496:,
492:,
488:,
472:,
464:,
448:,
444:,
440:,
409:,
405:,
393:,
389:,
385:,
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