Pope - Knowledge

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ministry; hence their names are said to be written in the foundations of the new Jerusalem, Revelation 21:14... First, Some by this rock understand Peter himself as an apostle, the chief, though not the prince, of the twelve, senior among them, but not superior over them. The church is built upon the foundation of the apostles, Ephesians 2:20. The first stones of that building were laid in and by their ministry; hence their names are said to be written in the foundations of the new Jerusalem, Revelation 21:14. ... Thirdly, Others by this rock understand this confession which Peter made of Christ, and this comes all to one with understanding it of Christ himself. It was a good confession which Peter witnessed, Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God; the rest concurred with him in it. "Now", saith Christ, "this is that great truth upon which I will build my church." 1. Take away this truth itself, and the universal church falls to the ground. If Christ be not the Son of God, Christianity is a cheat, and the church is a mere chimera; our preaching is vain, your faith is vain, and you are yet in your sins, 1 Corinthians 15:14–17. If Jesus be not the Christ, those that own him are not of the church, but deceivers and deceived. 2. Take away the faith and confession of this truth from any particular church, and it ceases to be a part of Christ's church, and relapses to the state and character of infidelity. This is articulus stantis et cadentis ecclesia – that article, with the admission or the denial of which the church either rises or falls; "the main hinge on which the door of salvation turns;" those who let go this, do not hold the foundation; and though they may call themselves Christians, they give themselves the lie; for the church is a sacred society, incorporated upon the certainty and assurance of this great truth; and great it is, and has prevailed.

8141:, Oxford University Press, quote: "Towards the latter part of the 1st century, Rome's presiding cleric, named Clement, wrote on behalf of his church to remonstrate with the Corinthian Christians who had ejected clergy without either financial or charismatic endowment in favor of a fresh lot; Clement apologized not for intervening but for not having acted sooner. Moreover, during the 2nd century the Roman community's leadership was evident in its generous alms to poorer churches. About 165, they erected monuments to their martyred apostles, to Peter in a necropolis on the Vatican Hill, to Paul on the road to Ostia, at the traditional sites of their burial. Roman bishops were already conscious of being custodians of the authentic tradition of true interpretation of the apostolic writings. In the conflict with Gnosticism Rome played a decisive role, and likewise in the deep division in Asia Minor created by the claims of the Montanist prophets." 4204: 5768: 2862: 9397:

And it is certain, that as he is spoken of in Scripture, as the only foundation of the Church, so this is that which the apostles and evangelists laid in their preaching. It is in respect of laying this, that the names of the twelve apostles (not of St. Peter only) were equally inscribed on the twelve foundations of the city of God, Revelation 21:14. The gates of here – As gates and walls were the strength of cities, and as courts of judicature were held in their gates, this phrase properly signifies the power and policy of Satan and his instruments. Shall not prevail against it – Not against the Church universal, so as to destroy it. And they never did. There hath been a small remnant in all ages.

3043:, a special urn was used for this purpose instead of a chalice and plate. The plate is then used to drop the ballot into the chalice, making it difficult for electors to insert multiple ballots. Before being read, the ballots are counted while still folded; if the number of ballots does not match the number of electors, the ballots are burned unopened and a new vote is held. Otherwise, each ballot is read aloud by the presiding Cardinal, who pierces the ballot with a needle and thread, stringing all the ballots together and tying the ends of the thread to ensure accuracy and honesty. Balloting continues until someone is elected by a two-thirds majority. (With the promulgation of 4240:

revealed: that the Roman Pontiff, when he speaks ex cathedra, that is, when carrying out the duty of the pastor and teacher of all Christians by his supreme apostolic authority he defines a doctrine of faith or morals to be held by the universal Church, through the divine assistance promised him in blessed Peter, operates with that infallibility with which the divine Redeemer wished that His church be instructed in defining doctrine on faith and morals; and so such definitions of the Roman Pontiff from himself, but not from the consensus of the Church, are unalterable. But if anyone presumes to contradict this definition of Ours, which may God forbid: let him be anathema.

3438:, in Italian and Latin. Currently, after a new pope is elected and accepts the election, he is asked, "By what name shall you be called?" The new pope chooses the name by which he will be known from that point on. The senior cardinal deacon, or cardinal protodeacon, then appears on the balcony of Saint Peter's to proclaim the new pope by his birth name, and announce his papal name in Latin. It's customary when referring to popes to translate the regnal name into all local languages. For example, the current pope bears the papal name Papa Franciscus in Latin and Papa Francesco in Italian, but Papa Francisco in his native Spanish, Pope Francis in English, etc. 2955: 4294:, enjoys in virtue of his office, when, as the supreme shepherd and teacher of all the faithful, who confirms his brethren in their faith, by a definitive act he proclaims a doctrine of faith or morals. And therefore his definitions, of themselves, and not from the consent of the Church, are justly styled irreformable, since they are pronounced with the assistance of the Holy Spirit, promised to him in blessed Peter, and therefore they need no approval of others, nor do they allow an appeal to any other judgment. For then the Roman Pontiff is not pronouncing judgment as a private person, but as the supreme teacher of the universal Church, in whom the 23207: 20576: 19427: 16222: 5712: 6492:(formerly called the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith), whose red cardinal's cassock gave him the name of the "Red Pope" in view of the authority over all territories that were not considered in some way Catholic. In the present time this cardinal has power over mission territories for Catholicism, essentially the Churches of Africa and Asia, but in the past his competence extended also to all lands where Protestants or Eastern Christianity was dominant. Some remnants of this situation remain, with the result that, for instance, New Zealand is still in the care of this Congregation. 2568:...the Church which is beloved and enlightened by the will of Him that wills all things which are according to the love of Jesus Christ our God, which also presides in the place of the region of the Romans, worthy of God, worthy of honour, worthy of the highest happiness, worthy of praise, worthy of obtaining her every desire, worthy of being deemed holy, and which presides over love, is named from Christ, and from the Father, which I also salute in the name of Jesus Christ, the Son of the Father: to those who are united, both according to the flesh and spirit, to every one of His commandments; 4285:

of the Holy Spirit illustrate that faith. They bring forth from the treasury of Revelation new things and old, making it bear fruit and vigilantly warding off any errors that threaten their flock. Bishops, teaching in communion with the Roman Pontiff, are to be respected by all as witnesses to divine and Catholic truth. In matters of faith and morals, the bishops speak in the name of Christ and the faithful are to accept their teaching and adhere to it with a religious assent. This religious submission of mind and will must be shown in a special way to the authentic

84: 23195: 3942: 7009:"From an historical perspective, there is no conclusive documentary evidence from the first century or the early decades of the second century of the exercise of, or even the claim to, a primacy of the Roman bishop or to a connection with Peter, although documents from this period accord the church at Rome some kind of pre‑eminence"; and "The see of Rome, whose prominence was associated with the deaths of Peter and Paul, became the principal center in matters concerning the universal Church". The same writer quotes with approval the words of 3039:, i.e., with key, until they elect a new pope). Three cardinals are chosen by lot to collect the votes of absent cardinal electors (by reason of illness), three are chosen by lot to count the votes, and three are chosen by lot to review the count of the votes. The ballots are distributed and each cardinal elector writes the name of his choice on it and pledges aloud that he is voting for "one whom under God I think ought to be elected" before folding and depositing his vote on a plate atop a large chalice placed on the altar. For the 4320: 3643: 99: 3012: 4106:, with the arms of the Holy See (blazoned: "Gules, two keys in saltire or and argent, interlacing in the rings or, beneath a tiara argent, crowned or") on the right-hand side (the "fly") in the white half of the flag (the left-hand side—the "hoist"—is yellow). The pope's escucheon does not appear on the flag. This flag was first adopted in 1808, whereas the previous flag had been red and gold. Although Pope Benedict XVI replaced the triregnum with a mitre on his personal coat of arms, it has been retained on the flag. 5874: 285: 6183:, to have Pope Benedict XVI arrested and prosecuted in the UK for alleged offences, dating from several decades before, in failing to take appropriate action regarding Catholic sex abuse cases and concerning their disputing his immunity from prosecution in that country. This was generally dismissed as "unrealistic and spurious". Another barrister said that it was a "matter of embarrassment that a senior British lawyer would want to allow himself to be associated with such a silly idea". 3925: 3261: 3380: 326: 4043: 4159: 21352: 18317: 15285: 3966:("Pope"). Popes who have an ordinal numeral in their name traditionally place the abbreviation "PP." before the ordinal numeral, as in "Benedictus PP. XVI" (Pope Benedict XVI), except in papal bulls of canonization and decrees of ecumenical councils, which a pope signs with the formula, "Ego N. Episcopus Ecclesiae catholicae", without the numeral, as in "Ego Benedictus Episcopus Ecclesiae catholicae" (I, Benedict, Bishop of the Catholic Church). 353: 15297: 3063: 2166: 23168: 22140: 20588: 19439: 18306: 16234: 6345: 5724: 1245: 6360: 4290:

from the character of the documents, from his frequent repetition of the same doctrine, or from his manner of speaking. ... this infallibility with which the Divine Redeemer willed His Church to be endowed in defining doctrine of faith and morals, extends as far as the deposit of Revelation extends, which must be religiously guarded and faithfully expounded. And this is the infallibility which the Roman Pontiff, the head of the

1907: 5948: 2468:, that is to say, the position of Peter and the office of the bishop's chair, was vacant. But the position once has been filled by the will of God and that appointment has been ratified by the consent of us all, if anyone wants to be made bishop after that, it has to be done outside the church; if a man does not uphold the unity of the Church's unity, it is not possible for him to have the Church's ordination. 6246:, etc.) accept the doctrine of Apostolic succession and, to varying extents, papal claims to a primacy of honour, while generally rejecting the pope as the successor to Peter in any other sense than that of other bishops. Primacy is regarded as a consequence of the pope's position as bishop of the original capital city of the Roman Empire, a definition explicitly spelled out in the 28th canon of the 6196: 6589: 6022:, a formidable general and statesman, were not afraid to use power to achieve their own ends, which included increasing the power of the papacy. This political and temporal authority was demonstrated through the papal role in the Holy Roman Empire (especially prominent during periods of contention with the emperors, such as during the pontificates of Pope Gregory VII and Pope Alexander III). 3557:). While it is only one of the terms with which the pope is referred to as "vicar", it is "more expressive of his supreme headship of the Church on Earth, which he bears in virtue of the commission of Christ and with vicarial power derived from him", a vicarial power believed to have been conferred on Saint Peter when Christ said to him: "Feed my lambs...Feed my sheep". 6688: 7292:. Although Faus is deeply critical of the temporal power of the popes ("Once again this highlights one of the greatest drawbacks of the political status of Peter's successors" – p. 64), he also admits a positive secular role on the part of the popes ("We cannot deny that papal interventions of this kind prevented more than one war in Europe" – p. 65). 4307:), put out a Declaration, stating that the intention of Vatican II to balance authority in the Church has not been realized. "Many of the key insights of Vatican II have not at all, or only partially, been implemented... A principal source of present-day stagnation lies in misunderstanding and abuse affecting the exercise of authority in our Church." 9355:

made such a glorious confession of; and who was prefigured by the rock the Israelites drank water out of in the wilderness; and is comparable to any rock for height, shelter, strength, firmness, and duration; and is the one and only foundation of his church and people, and on whom their security, salvation, and happiness entirely depend.

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Church spread over the whole world; or, that he possesses only the more important parts, but not the whole plenitude of this supreme power; or that this power of his is not ordinary and immediate, or over the churches altogether and individually, and over the pastors and the faithful altogether and individually: let him be anathema.

1500:, eventually rivalling those of territorial rulers. In recent centuries, the temporal authority of the papacy has declined and the office is now largely focused on religious matters. By contrast, papal claims of spiritual authority have been increasingly firmly expressed over time, culminating in 1870 with the proclamation of the 2234:. The concept that a monetary fine or donation accompanied contrition, confession, and prayer eventually gave way to the common assumption that indulgences depended on a simple monetary contribution. The popes condemned misunderstandings and abuses, but were too pressed for income to exercise effective control over indulgences. 2973:

80 on the day before the death or resignation of a pope. The pope does not need to be a cardinal elector or indeed a cardinal; since the pope is the bishop of Rome, only those who can be ordained a bishop can be elected, which means that any male baptized Catholic is eligible. The last to be elected when not yet a bishop was

4086:: "two keys in saltire or and argent, interlacing in the rings or, beneath a tiara argent, crowned or". The 21st century has seen departures from this tradition. In 2005, Pope Benedict XVI, while maintaining the crossed keys behind the shield, omitted the papal tiara from his personal coat of arms, replacing it with a 7000:"Continuing in that same undertaking, this Council is resolved to declare and proclaim before all men the doctrine concerning bishops, the successors of the apostles, who together with the successor of Peter, the Vicar of Christ, the visible Head of the whole Church, govern the house of the living God." 5966:

in the 4th century did not confer upon bishops civil authority within the state, the gradual withdrawal of imperial authority during the 5th century left the pope the senior imperial civilian official in Rome, as bishops were increasingly directing civil affairs in other cities of the Western Empire.

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Since, moreover, you are close upon Italy, you have Rome, from which there comes even into our own hands the very authority (of apostles themselves). How happy is its church, on which apostles poured forth all their doctrine along with their blood! Where Peter endures a passion like his Lord's! Where

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The writings of several Early Church fathers contain references to the authority and unique position held by the bishops of Rome, providing valuable insight into the recognition and significance of the papacy during the early Christian era. These sources attest to the acknowledgement of the bishop of

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Documents of the 1st century and early second century indicate that the bishop of Rome had some kind of pre-eminence and prominence in the Church as a whole, as even a letter from the bishop, or patriarch, of Antioch acknowledged the bishop of Rome as "a first among equals", though the detail of what

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Though open to historical debate, first-century Christian communities may have had a group of presbyter-bishops functioning as guides of their local churches. Gradually, episcopal sees were established in metropolitan areas. Antioch may have developed such a structure before Rome. In Rome, there were

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On this rock – Alluding to his name, which signifies a rock, namely, the faith which thou hast now professed; I will build my Church – But perhaps when our Lord uttered these words, he pointed to himself, in like manner as when he said, Destroy this temple, John 2:19; meaning the temple of his body.

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occupies an eminent place. For bishops are preachers of the faith, who lead new disciples to Christ, and they are authentic teachers, that is, teachers endowed with the authority of Christ, who preach to the people committed to them the faith they must believe and put into practice, and by the light

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We, adhering faithfully to the tradition received from the beginning of the Christian faith, to the glory of God, our Saviour, the elevation of the Catholic religion and the salvation of Christian peoples, with the approbation of the sacred Council, teach and explain that the dogma has been divinely

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is collectively responsible for the government of the Church and of the Vatican itself, under the direction of the Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church. Canon law specifically forbids the cardinals from introducing any innovation in the government of the Church during the vacancy of the Holy See. Any

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One of the most prominent aspects of the papal election process is the means by which the results of a ballot are announced to the world. Once the ballots are counted and bound together, they are burned in a special stove erected in the Sistine Chapel, with the smoke escaping through a small chimney

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by the rock, is meant, either the confession of faith made by Peter; not the act, nor form, but the matter of it, it containing the prime articles of Christianity, and which are as immoveable as a rock; or rather Christ himself, who points, as it were, with his finger to himself, and whom Peter had

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of infallibility of the Church itself is individually present, he is expounding or defending a doctrine of Catholic faith. The infallibility promised to the Church resides also in the body of Bishops, when that body exercises the supreme magisterium with the successor of Peter. To these definitions

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The pope was originally chosen by those senior clergymen resident in and near Rome. In 1059, the electorate was restricted to the cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, and the individual votes of all cardinal electors were made equal in 1179. The electors are now limited to those who have not reached

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Both sides agree that this canonical taxis was recognised by all in the era of the undivided Church. Further, they agree that Rome, as the Church that “presides in love” according to the phrase of St. Ignatius of Antioch (To the Romans, Prologue), occupied the first place in the taxis, and that the

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of the Roman Pontiff, even when he is not speaking ex cathedra; that is, it must be shown so that his supreme magisterium is acknowledged with reverence, the judgments made by him are sincerely adhered to, according to his manifest mind and will. His mind and will in the matter may be known either

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makes a clear distinction between apostles and bishops, presenting the latter as the successors of the former, with the pope as successor of Peter, in that he is head of the bishops as Peter was head of the apostles. Some historians argue against the notion that Peter was the first bishop of Rome,

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International law treats the Holy See, essentially the central government of the Catholic Church, as the juridical equal of a state. It is distinct from the state of Vatican City, existing for many centuries before the foundation of the latter. (It is common for publications and news media to use

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If anyone thus speaks, that the Roman pontiff has only the office of inspection or direction, but not the full and supreme power of jurisdiction over the universal Church, not only in things which pertain to faith and morals, but also in those which pertain to the discipline and government of the

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It is readily answered by the Papists, that "Peter was the rock." But let them tell me why Matthew used not the same word in Greek, if our Saviour used the same word in Syriac. If he had intimated that the church should be built upon Peter, it had been plainer and more agreeable to be the vulgar

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This title "vicar of Christ" is thus not used of the pope alone and has been used of all bishops since the early centuries. The Second Vatican Council referred to all bishops as "vicars and ambassadors of Christ", and this description of the bishops was repeated by John Paul II in his encyclical

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For if the lineal succession of bishops is to be taken into account, with how much more certainty and benefit to the Church do we reckon back till we reach Peter himself, to whom, as bearing in a figure the whole Church, the Lord said: Upon this rock will I build my Church, and the gates of hell

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Cornelius was made bishop by the choice of God and of His Christ, by the favorable witness of almost all the clergy, by the votes of the people who were present, and by the assembly of ancient priests and good men. And he was made bishop when no one else had been made bishop before him when the

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of 1976, which, while recognizing the basic immunity of foreign governments from being sued in American courts, lays down nine exceptions, including commercial activity and actions in the United States by agents or employees of the foreign governments. It was in relation to the latter that, in

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First, Some by this rock understand Peter himself as an apostle, the chief, though not the prince, of the twelve, senior among them, but not superior over them. The church is built upon the foundation of the apostles, Ephesians 2:20. The first stones of that building were laid in and by their

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If anyone says that it is not from the institution of Christ the Lord Himself, or by divine right that the blessed Peter has perpetual successors in the primacy over the universal Church, or that the Roman Pontiff is not the successor of blessed Peter in the same primacy, let him be anathema.

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in 642, and was only used occasionally. Indeed, it did not begin to appear in the pontifical yearbook until 1863. On 22 March 2006, the Vatican released a statement explaining this omission on the grounds of expressing a "historical and theological reality" and of "being useful to ecumenical

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Historically, Protestants objected to the papacy's claim of temporal power over all secular governments, including territorial claims in Italy, the papacy's complex relationship with secular states such as the Roman and Byzantine empires, and the autocratic character of the papal office. In

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denominations of Christianity reject the claims of Petrine primacy of honour, Petrine primacy of jurisdiction, and papal infallibility. These denominations vary from rejecting the legitimacy of the pope's claim to authority, to believing that the pope is the Antichrist from 1 John 2:18, the

1943:) administered the church with strict reform. From an ancient senatorial family, Gregory worked with the stern judgement and discipline typical of ancient Roman rule. Theologically, he represents the shift from the classical to the medieval outlook; his popular writings are full of dramatic 1717:

were used interchangeably, with the consensus among scholars being that by the turn of the 1st and 2nd centuries, local congregations were led by bishops and presbyters, whose duties of office overlapped or were indistinguishable from one another. Some say that there was probably "no single

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In the earlier centuries of Christianity, the title "Pope", meaning "father", had been used by all bishops. Some popes used the term and others did not. Eventually, the title became associated especially with the bishop of Rome. In a few cases, the term is used for other Christian clerical

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of the bishop of Rome (including the Roman Curia); the pope's various honours, powers, and privileges within the Catholic Church and the international community derive from his Episcopate of Rome in lineal succession from the Saint Peter, one of the twelve apostles. Consequently, Rome has

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In recent centuries, when a pope was judged to have died, it was reportedly traditional for the cardinal camerlengo to confirm the death ceremonially by gently tapping the pope's head thrice with a silver hammer, calling his birth name each time. This was not done on the deaths of popes

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bishop of Rome was therefore the protos among the patriarchs. They disagree, however, on the interpretation of the historical evidence from this era regarding the prerogatives of the bishop of Rome as protos, a matter that was already understood in different ways in the first millennium.

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as a sign of communion with the See of Rome. Although the tiara was omitted in the pope's personal coat of arms, the coat of arms of the Holy See, which includes the tiara, remained unaltered. In 2013, Pope Francis maintained the mitre that replaced the tiara, but omitted the pallium.

1657:, who wrote around 180 AD, reflect a belief that Peter "founded and organized" the Church at Rome. Moreover, Irenaeus was not the first to write of Peter's presence in the early Roman Church. The Church of Rome wrote in a letter to the Corinthians (which is traditionally attributed to 6143:

for the Holy See.) Most countries of the world maintain the same form of diplomatic relations with the Holy See that they entertain with other states. Even countries without those diplomatic relations participate in international organizations of which the Holy See is a full member.

8196:"Let the ancient customs in Egypt, Libya and Pentapolis prevail, that the Bishop of Alexandria has jurisdiction over them all, since a similar arrangement is the custom for the Bishop of Rome. Likewise let the churches in Antioch and the other provinces retain their privileges" ( 6698:

There have been a number of popes whose reign lasted about a month or less. In the following list the number of calendar days includes partial days. Thus, for example, if a pope's reign commenced on 1 August and he died on 2 August, this counts as reigning for two calendar days.

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I tell you, you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it. I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven, and whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth shall be loosed in

2824:" in the first of these texts. Some Protestant writers have maintained that the "rock" that Jesus speaks of in this text is Jesus himself or the faith expressed by Peter. This idea is undermined by the Biblical usage of "Cephas", which is the masculine form of "rock" in 3885:, as solemnly proclaimed by the Second Vatican Council. "Patriarch of the West" was reintroduced to the pope's list of titles in the 2024 edition of the Annuario Pontifico. The Vatican has not made any statements explaining why the title has been brought back into use. 3564:. But at that time, and down to the 9th century, other bishops too referred to themselves as vicars of Christ, and for another four centuries this description was sometimes used of kings and even judges, as it had been used in the 5th and 6th centuries to refer to the 2992:

was convened on 7 May 1274, to regulate the election of the pope. This Council decreed that the cardinal electors must meet within ten days of the pope's death, and that they must remain in seclusion until a pope has been elected; this was prompted by the three-year

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and listed them. Some writers claim that the emergence of a single bishop in Rome probably did not occur until the middle of the 2nd century. In their view, Linus, Cletus and Clement were possibly prominent presbyter-bishops, but not necessarily monarchical bishops.

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You cannot deny that you are aware that in the city of Rome the episcopal chair was given first to Peter; the chair in which Peter sat, the same who was head—that is why he is also called Cephas —of all the apostles; the one chair in which unity is maintained by

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In recent decades, although the papacy has become less directly involved in politics, popes have nevertheless retained significant political influence. They have also served as mediators, with the support of the Catholic establishment. John Paul II, a native of

3751:). The term came to be applied to any Christian bishop, but since the 11th century commonly refers specifically to the bishop of Rome, who is more strictly called the "Roman Pontiff". The use of the term to refer to bishops in general is reflected in the terms " 6186:

Sovereign immunity does not apply to disputes relating to commercial transactions, and governmental units of the Holy See can face trial in foreign commercial courts. The first such trial to take place in the English courts is likely to occur in 2022 or 2023.

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Rome as an influential figure within the Church, with some emphasizing the importance of adherence to Rome's teachings and decisions. Such references served to establish the concept of papal primacy and have continued to inform Catholic theology and practice.

3214:, reminding the newly crowned pope that he would not live to see his rule lasting as long as that of St. Peter. According to tradition, he headed the church for 35 years and has thus far been the longest-reigning pope in the history of the Catholic Church. 9434:

There is the Greek a play upon the words, "thou art Peter petros – literally 'a little rock', and upon this rock Petra I will build my church." He does not promise to build His church upon Peter, but upon Himself, as Peter is careful to tell us (1 Peter

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Given this and other evidence, such as Emperor Constantine's erection of the "Old St. Peter's Basilica" on the location of St. Peter's tomb, as held and given to him by Rome's Christian community, many scholars agree that Peter was martyred in Rome under

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For this is the manner in which the apostolic churches transmit their registers: as the church of Smyrna, which records that Polycarp was placed therein by John; as also the church of Rome, which makes Clement to have been ordained in like manner by

2029:. The papacy came under the control of vying political factions. Popes were variously imprisoned, starved, killed, and deposed by force. The family of a certain papal official made and unmade popes for fifty years. The official's great-grandson, 6059:, saying, "we offer and freely yield...to our lord Pope Innocent III and his catholic successors, the whole kingdom of England and the whole kingdom of Ireland with all their rights and appurtenences for the remission of our sins". The Bull 2275:

The Eastern Church continued to decline with the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, undercutting Constantinople's claim to equality with Rome. Twice an Eastern Emperor tried to force the Eastern Church to reunify with the West. First in the

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in 1268. By the mid-16th century, the electoral process had evolved into its present form, allowing for variation in the time between the death of the pope and the meeting of the cardinal electors. Traditionally, the vote was conducted by

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As the reign of the pope has conventionally been from election until death, papal resignation is an uncommon event. Before the 21st century, only five popes unambiguously resigned with historical certainty, all between the 10th and 15th

3085:. (Traditionally, wet straw was used to produce the black smoke, but this was not completely reliable. The chemical compound is more reliable than the straw.) When a vote is successful, the ballots are burned alone, sending white smoke ( 12052: 2075:

or deposition of clergy in their states and fiefdoms, their personal interests causing corruption among the clergy. This practice had become common because often the prelates and secular rulers were also participants in public life.

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traditionally occupied a central position in the Catholic Church, although this is not necessarily so. The pope derives his pontificate from being the bishop of Rome but is not required to live there; according to the Latin formula

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The status and authority of the pope in the Catholic Church was dogmatically defined by the First Vatican Council on 18 July 1870. In its Dogmatic Constitution of the Church of Christ, the council established the following canons:

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In the Books of Isaiah 22:3 and Matthew 16:18, both Eliakim and Peter are compared to an object. Eliakim to a peg (a structure that is driven into a wall or other structure to provide support and stability) while Peter to a rock.

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as his companion at Rome, was Peter’s successor in the episcopate of the church there, as has already been shown. Clement also, who was appointed third bishop of the church at Rome, was, as Paul testifies, his co-laborer and

3788:, is a title commonly found in inscriptions on papal buildings, paintings, statues and coins, usually abbreviated as "Pont. Max" or "P.M." The office of Pontifex Maximus, or head of the College of Pontiffs, was held by 10129: 12172: 1449:

and spiritual independence. The Holy See is recognized by its adherence at various levels to international organizations and by means of its diplomatic relations and political accords with many independent states.

148: 11474: 13243: 9993: 8900: 8847: 7178: 3537:, where the title "pope" is used also of the bishop of Alexandria, the bishop of Rome is often referred to as the "pope of Rome", regardless of whether the speaker or writer is in communion with Rome or not. 2873:

Both Matthew 16:18–19 and Isaiah 22:22 show similarities between Eliakim and Peter getting keys which symbolize power. Eliakim gets the power to close and open, while Peter gets the power to bind and loose.

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Traditionally, this term was reserved for claimants with a significant following of cardinals or other clergy. The existence of an antipope is usually due either to doctrinal controversy within the Church

5827:, wherever the pope resides is the central government of the Church. As such, between 1309 and 1378, the popes lived in Avignon, France, a period often called the "Babylonian captivity" in allusion to the 7021:

as Peter's successor, the first in honor among us, and the presider over charity, this great church leader was expressing the essential content of the declarations of the primacy of the first millennium".

6422:(WELS), another Confessional Lutheran church that declares the Papacy to be the Antichrist, released its own statement, the "Statement on the Antichrist", in 1959. The WELS still holds to this statement. 3529:

normally reserved this designation for the bishop of Rome. From the early 6th century, it began to be confined in the West to the bishop of Rome, a practice that was firmly in place by the 11th century.

1667:) about the persecution of Christians in Rome as the "struggles in our time" and presented to the Corinthians its heroes, "first, the greatest and most just columns", the "good apostles" Peter and Paul. 9112: 22761: 22431: 4382: 12595: 12077: 2799:

Simon, Simon, behold, Satan demanded to have you, that he might sift you like wheat, but I have prayed for you that your faith may not fail. And when you have turned again, strengthen your brothers.

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could proceed, provided the plaintiffs could prove that the bishops accused of negligent supervision were acting as employees or agents of the Holy See and were following official Holy See policy.

1635:

as their head, is now held by their successors, the bishops, with the bishop of Rome (the pope) as their head. Thus is derived another title by which the pope is known, that of "supreme pontiff".

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comments that "the consensus of the great majority of scholars today is that the most obvious and traditional understanding should be construed, namely, that rock refers to the person of Peter".

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states, "If it happens that the Roman Pontiff resigns his office, it is required for validity that the resignation is made freely and properly manifested but not that it is accepted by anyone."

11569: 11526: 12746:"Brief Statement of the Doctrinal Position of the Missouri Synod in the By-Gone Days of Its Orthodoxy (1932): Still by God's Grace the Scriptural Position of the Concordia Lutheran Conference" 6821:

attaches no consecutive numbers to the popes, stating that it is impossible to decide which side represented at various times the legitimate succession, in particular regarding Pope Leo VIII,

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holds that the supreme authority of the church lies with a General Council, not with the pope. Its foundations were laid early in the 13th century, and it culminated in the 15th century with

1683:

over time at various junctures rival claimants to be the rightful bishop, though again Irenaeus stressed the validity of one line of bishops from the time of St. Peter up to his contemporary

12569: 2338:(1545–1563), whose definitions of doctrine and whose reforms sealed the triumph of the papacy over elements in the church that sought conciliation with Protestants and opposed papal claims. 2079:

To combat this and other practices that had been seen as corrupting the Church between the years 900 and 1050, centres emerged promoting ecclesiastical reform, the most important being the

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The best-known title, that of "pope", does not appear in the official list, but is commonly used in the titles of documents, and appears, in abbreviated form, in their signatures. Thus

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the assent of the Church can never be wanting, on account of the activity of that same Holy Spirit, by which the whole flock of Christ is preserved and progresses in unity of faith.

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ruled that the pope enjoys head-of-state immunity. This head-of-state immunity, recognized by the United States, must be distinguished from that envisaged under the United States'

12539: 4224:, or, that the same received great honour but did not receive from the same our Lord Jesus Christ directly and immediately the primacy in true and proper jurisdiction: let him be 1733:

had been a center of Jewish learning and became a center of Christian learning. Rome had a large congregation early in the apostolic period whom Paul the Apostle addressed in his

13141:. Vol. IV. The Age of Faith: A History of Medieval Civilization – Christian, Islamic, and Judaic – from Constantine to Dante, A.D. 325–1300. New York: Simon & Schuster. 3962:

dated 29 June 2013) or in another language. Other documents he signs in accordance with the tradition of using Latin only and including the abbreviated form "PP.", for the Latin

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with three horizontal lines. Beneath the shield he added the pallium, a papal symbol of authority more ancient than the tiara, the use of which is also granted to metropolitan

22576: 5987:. This document, accepted as genuine until the 15th century, states that Constantine the Great placed the entire Western Empire of Rome under papal rule. In 800, Pope Leo III 1839:

dogmatic, and in its sixth canon recognized the special role of the Sees of Rome, Alexandria, and Antioch. Great defenders of Trinitarian faith included the popes, especially

3240:

For centuries, from 1378 on, those elected to the papacy were predominantly Italians. Prior to the election of the Polish-born John Paul II in 1978, the last non-Italian was

20050: 10121: 4776: 4637: 4631: 12616:"Therefore, on the basis of a renewed study of the pertinent Scriptures we reaffirm the statement of the Lutheran Confessions, that 'the Pope is the very Antichrist'" from 12156: 7156: 2679:" about the authority of the church in Rome. In this work, Tertullian said that the Church in Rome has the authority of the Apostles because of its apostolic foundation. 19888: 10332: 9770:"Press Conference on the Tenth General Congregations of the College of Cardinals (11 March) and Regarding Events of the Coming Days: Tenth and Last General Congregation" 1275: 3897:" (either used alone or as an honorific prefix as in "His Holiness Pope Francis"; and as "Your Holiness" as a form of address), "Holy Father". In Spanish and Italian, " 2899:

I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven, and whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven.”

1524:

or morals. The pope is considered one of the world's most powerful people due to the extensive diplomatic, cultural, and spiritual influence of his position on both 1.3

20030: 19231: 18697: 13235: 11736: 11470: 9990: 9665: 9583: 1747:), the Roman capital became recognized as a Christian center of exceptional importance. The church there, at the end of the century, wrote an epistle to the Church in 12265: 10434: 8884: 7229:

No one who seeks to make sense of modern issues within Christendom – or, indeed, world history – can neglect the vital shaping role of the popes.) Basic Books. 2009.

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importance within the Church. This name, based on the black colour of his cassock, was used to suggest a parallel between him and the "White Pope" (since the time of

2596:

shall not prevail against it! Matthew 16:18. The successor of Peter was Linus, and his successors in unbroken continuity were these:— Clement, Anacletus, Evaristus...

20116: 16585: 8831: 7182: 9459: 9421: 9269: 3102:

then asks two solemn questions of the man who has been elected. First he asks, "Do you freely accept your election as supreme pontiff?" If he replies with the word

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in 1804 but did not actually perform the crowning. As mentioned above, the pope's sovereignty over the Papal States ended in 1870 with their annexation by Italy.

21795: 21388: 8116: 2186: 9797: 6355:. Cranach shows Jesus kissing Peter's foot during the footwashing. This stands in contrast to the opposing woodcut, where the pope demands others kiss his foot. 20025: 16615: 9769: 1894:, was the first important barbarian ruler to convert to the mainstream church rather than Arianism, allying himself with the papacy. Other tribes, such as the 18782: 9341: 5533: 4058:, each pope has his own personal coat of arms. Though unique for each pope, the arms have for several centuries been traditionally accompanied by two keys in 2730:, presents a detailed analysis of the origins, beliefs, and practices of the Donatists, as well as the events and debates surrounding the schism, in his book 22170: 21860: 21611: 20381: 20307: 19964: 1595:(440–461), a reservation made official only in the 11th century. The earliest record of the use of the title of 'pope' was in regard to the by-then-deceased 9307: 6127:

from the jurisdiction of the courts of other countries, though not from that of international tribunals. This immunity is sometimes loosely referred to as "

3233:, which designates a category of dissident Catholics who maintain that there is no canonically and legitimately elected pope, and that there is therefore a 20971: 20405: 20111: 17920: 12591: 12211: 12069: 11624: 9819: 5138: 2583:(354 – 430 AD), in his Letter 53, wrote a list of 38 popes from Saint Peter to Siricius. The order of this list differs from the lists of Irenaeus and the 12845: 12419: 6456:) or to confusion as to who is the legitimate pope at the time (schism). Briefly in the 15th century, three separate lines of popes claimed authenticity. 5846:, who assures direct episcopal oversight of the diocese's pastoral needs, not in his own name but in that of the pope. The most recent cardinal vicar was 4117:(reigned 1566–1572), is often credited with having originated the custom whereby the pope wears white, by continuing after his election to wear the white 3320:

of a leading church or cathedral; all popes who have died in the 20th and 21st centuries have been interred in St. Peter's Basilica. A nine-day period of

1603:(232–248). The earliest recorded use of the title "pope" in English dates to the mid-10th century, when it was used in reference to the 7th century Roman 21326: 17018: 12108: 5653: 5143: 2419:, the controversial doctrinal basis of the pope's authority, continues to divide the eastern and western churches and to separate Protestants from Rome. 1751:

intervening in a major dispute, and apologizing for not having taken action earlier. There are a few other references of that time to recognition of the

12234: 11946: 11089: 11023: 10802: 8152:"Ravenna Document | Ecclesiological and Canonical Consequences of the Sacramental Nature of the Church. Ecclesial Communion, Conciliarity and Authority" 7723: 20413: 20040: 11566: 11518: 9856: 6275: 3881:—and the omission of the title neither symbolizes in any way a change in this relationship, nor distorts the relationship between the Holy See and the 3487: 2684:

Paul wins his crown in a death like John's where the Apostle John was first plunged, unhurt, into boiling oil, and thence remitted to his island-exile!

15233: 9553: 1477:, they played a role of secular importance in Western Europe, often acting as arbitrators between Christian monarchs. In addition to the expansion of 22892: 22094: 20106: 19090: 17485: 15622: 5498: 5282: 1866:

to be the state religion of the empire, with the name "Catholic Christians" reserved for those who accepted that faith. While the civil power in the

1638:

The Catholic Church teaches that Jesus personally appointed Peter as the visible head of the Church, and the Catholic Church's dogmatic constitution

19974: 12396: 22163: 21704: 20035: 16271: 15972: 12982: 12561: 11797: 8869: 7692: 1200: 3596:

95. The difference is that the other bishops are vicars of Christ for their own local churches, the pope is vicar of Christ for the whole Church.

23227: 20528: 19837: 19636: 19039: 17806: 16135: 12801: 9871: 8434: 6513: 5030: 5003: 4591: 1268: 12727: 23151: 20045: 19405: 6489: 5754: 5133: 3525:(d. 304) is the first bishop of Rome shown in sources to have had the title "pope" used of him. From the 6th century, the imperial chancery of 13586: 10039: 9106: 8282:

Wilken, Robert (2004). "Christianity". in Hitchcock, Susan Tyler; Esposito, John. Geography of Religion. National Geographic Society. p. 286.

4303:

On 11 October 2012, on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the opening of the Second Vatican Council 60 prominent theologians, (including

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yet retain a Catholic hierarchical framework, have used the designation "pope" for a founder or current leader. Examples include the African

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and stockings. Many contemporary portraits of 15th and 16th-century predecessors of Pius V show them wearing a white cassock similar to his.

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The bridge making has been interpreted in terms of "one who smoothes the way for the gods and to the gods" (Van Haeperen, Françoise, 2002.

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Wilken, p. 281, quote: "Some (Christian communities) had been founded by Peter, the disciple Jesus designated as the founder of his church.

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wrote shortly after Clement; in his letter from the city of Smyrna to the Romans, he said he would not command them as Peter and Paul did.

12365: 9739: 8558: 8413: 7894: 5999:; from that date onward the popes claimed the prerogative to crown the emperor, though the right fell into disuse after the coronation of 2985:

in 1378. If someone who is not a bishop is elected, he must be given episcopal ordination before the election is announced to the people.

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Once the position was institutionalized, historians looked back and recognized Peter as the first Pope of the Christian church in Rome"

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It is as head of the state-equivalent worldwide religious jurisdiction of the Holy See (not of the territory of Vatican City) that the

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of the Holy See. That of the State of Vatican City is the same except that the positions of the gold and silver keys are interchanged.

21852: 21693: 21637: 21563: 21547: 18809: 18158: 18020: 16938: 13574: 13388:

The History of the Popes, from the Close of the Middle Ages: Drawn from the Secret Archives of the Vatican and Other Original Sources

11007: 10905: 8266: 7014: 4442: 2284:(1431–1449). Papal claims of superiority were a sticking point in reunification, which failed in any event. In the 15th century, the 10456: 9922: 6468:

In English, Catholic priests are still addressed as "father", but the term "pope" is reserved for the head of the church hierarchy.

6101:

between Argentina and Chile, two predominantly Catholic countries. In the 21st century, Francis played a role in brokering the 2015

3305:

and cuts it in two in the presence of the cardinals. The pope's seals are defaced, to keep them from ever being used again, and his

2312:(1545–1563), which established the triumph of the papacy over those who sought to reconcile with Protestants or oppose papal claims. 21757: 21653: 20865: 20217: 18408: 16533: 15563: 12669: 12483: 10407: 9383: 9202: 8273:

XVI.i.2, Medieval Sourcebook: Banning of Other Religions by Paul Halsall, June 1997, Fordham University, retrieved 4 September 2007

7200: 6477: 5588: 4822: 3491: 2189:. Popes had galled the Byzantine emperors by siding with the king of the Franks, crowning a rival Roman emperor, appropriating the 10875: 10265: 10224: 2253:

as its leading spokesman. The failure of Conciliarism to gain broad acceptance after the 15th century is taken as a factor in the

1473:. In ancient times, the popes helped spread Christianity and intervened to find resolutions in various doctrinal disputes. In the 23267: 21925: 21577: 20096: 19956: 18105: 17199: 16095: 15602: 15096: 13160: 12905: 10978: 10486: 8739: 7370: 3996:) is a canopy or umbrella consisting of alternating red and gold stripes, which used to be carried above the pope in processions. 2091:, in order to fight strongly against simony and the abuse of civil power and try to restore ecclesiastical discipline, including 2010:(800) as emperor, he established the precedent that, in Western Europe, no man would be emperor without being crowned by a pope. 365: 334: 12658: 12330: 10324: 10021:

with steps, a reference to the seating arrangement for the presbyters in the apse of the church, with the bishop in the middle (

7148: 7126: 6675:(1394–1423) ruled for 28 years, 7 months and 12 days, which would place him third in the above list. Since he is regarded as an 3008:, by selection (by committee), or by plenary vote. Acclamation was the simplest procedure, consisting entirely of a voice vote. 2545:

having succeeded Anicetus, Eleutherius does now, in the twelfth place from the apostles, hold the inheritance of the episcopate.

22546: 21630: 21543: 21374: 20935: 16433: 16428: 16023: 11404: 6845: 6098: 5704: 5493: 5277: 5128: 5070: 4983: 4564: 3833: 1614: 7344: 3229:, the period between the death or resignation of a pope and the election of his successor. From this term is derived the term 22885: 22681: 21738: 19883: 19163: 18930: 18137: 18085: 16717: 15161: 13538: 13516: 13495: 13372: 13350: 13331: 13312: 13268: 13204: 13170: 13146: 13122: 13098: 13076: 13055: 13028: 13008: 12139: 11562: 11431: 11354: 11320: 10843: 10774: 10642: 10612: 10361: 9710: 8894: 8841: 8802: 8630: 8591: 8485: 8396: 8251: 8002: 7971: 7802: 7771: 7650: 7625: 7600: 7575: 7550: 7513: 7332: 7234: 7097: 6930:

According to Catholic ecclesiology, Jesus Christ is the "invisible head" of the Church, while the Pope is the "visible head".

6599:

The longest papal reigns of those whose reign lengths can be determined from contemporary historical data are the following:

5538: 5297: 4499: 4221: 3128:) await in three sizes. Donning the appropriate vestments and reemerging into the Sistine Chapel, the new pope is given the " 2885:

I will place the key of the House of David on his shoulder; what he opens, no one will shut, what he shuts, no one will open.

2046: 13422: 12710: 12691: 12308: 11732: 11264: 10301: 10189: 10098: 9661: 9575: 8808: 1528:

billion Catholics and those outside the Catholic faith, and because he heads the world's largest non-government provider of

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And I tell you, you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church, and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it

1027: 12506: 9773: 7430: 23252: 23075: 21835: 21823: 21815: 20959: 20947: 20825: 20492: 20091: 20073: 19658: 19399: 19246: 19065: 18115: 17945: 16853: 16600: 15967: 15627: 15263: 12442: 11654: 9451: 9379: 9261: 9172: 8033: 6505: 5103: 4805: 3133: 11676: 9142: 6510:

Pope and Patriarch of All Africa on the Holy Orthodox and Apostolic Throne of Saint Mark the Evangelist and Holy Apostle

6448:

Groups sometimes form around antipopes, who claim the Pontificate without being canonically and properly elected to it.

5767: 4082:—two strips of fabric hanging from the back of the triregnum which fall over the neck and shoulders when worn). This is 3984:, a gold or gilt ring decorated with a depiction of St. Peter in a boat casting his net, with the pope's name around it. 510: 21917: 21763: 21742: 20684: 20497: 20207: 19624: 19476: 19389: 18848: 17774: 17271: 16880: 16605: 15548: 15525: 15239: 10708: 10678: 9966: 9053: 7826: 6890: 6509: 6395: 5954:, a woodcut by Lucas Cranach of the pope using the temporal power to grant authority to a generously contributing ruler 5842:

Though the pope is the diocesan bishop of Rome, he delegates most of the day-to-day work of leading the diocese to the

5792: 5747: 5353: 4679: 4621: 4504: 3877:

dialogue". The title patriarch of the West symbolized the pope's special relationship with, and jurisdiction over, the

2587:. Augustine's list claims that Linus was succeeded by Clement and Clement was succeeded by Anacletus as in the list of 1469:

in the first century. The papacy is one of the most enduring institutions in the world and has had a prominent part in

1210: 237: 12636: 11980: 9525: 3091:) through the chimney and announcing to the world the election of a new pope. Starting with the Papal conclave, 2005, 23042: 22817: 22711: 22706: 21908: 21621: 20618: 20275: 20136: 20068: 19823: 18910: 18346: 17757: 17359: 17006: 16840: 16291: 16013: 16008: 15916: 12302: 11002: 10971: 10750: 10592: 9794: 9413: 8464: 8327: 8287: 8184: 7289: 6860: 6411: 5648: 5108: 4996: 4827: 4739: 2487:

130 – c. 202 AD), a prominent Christian theologian of the second century, provided a list of early popes in his work

1087: 825: 15607: 13410:

The Popes and Science: The History of the Papal Relations to Science During the Middle Ages and Down to Our Own Time

11594: 7400: 4129:, a book of ceremonies compiled in about 1274. Later books of ceremonies describe the pope as wearing a red mantle, 1781:

In AD 195, Pope Victor I, in what is seen as an exercise of Roman authority over other churches, excommunicated the

1587:), meaning 'father'. In the early centuries of Christianity, this title was applied, especially in the East, to all 23070: 22878: 21718: 20744: 20249: 20212: 20131: 19180: 18657: 18271: 17819: 17572: 17517: 17382: 17117: 17113: 16858: 16643: 16590: 15986: 15558: 15335: 10516: 9333: 7121: 6900: 6152: 5683: 5333: 4815: 4759: 4554: 4472: 4125:. In reality, the basic papal attire was white long before. The earliest document that describes it as such is the 3606:) is used only of the pope, not of other bishops. Variations of it include: "Vicar of the Prince of the Apostles" ( 3106:, his reign begins at that instant. In practice, any cardinal who intends not to accept will explicitly state this 3099: 1879: 1004: 793: 342: 11818:

Compare the portrait reproduced in the article on Pius V with those in the articles on his immediate predecessors

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The first record of the application of this title to a bishop of Rome appears in a synod of 495 with reference to

3293:

decision that requires the assent of the pope has to wait until the new pope has been elected and accepts office.

2118:

decreed that clerics were to be invested by clerical leaders, and temporal rulers by lay investiture. Soon after,

22822: 22266: 22042: 22026: 21954: 21804: 21772: 21683: 21600: 21532: 21516: 21299: 20762: 20700: 20691: 20437: 20317: 20121: 19984: 19864: 19749: 19236: 18280: 17622: 17597: 17562: 17557: 17522: 17402: 17001: 16885: 16475: 16438: 16321: 16301: 16257: 16162: 16150: 13614: 9299: 5800: 5503: 5287: 5083: 4842: 4716: 4673: 3136:. The pope assumes a place of honour as the rest of the cardinals wait in turn to offer their first "obedience" ( 2960: 1533: 1009: 818: 217: 12195: 11616: 9816: 2768:

teaches that, within the Christian community, the bishops as a body have succeeded to the body of the apostles (

23272: 23237: 23129: 22838: 22461: 22068: 22034: 22013: 21473: 21155: 20774: 20001: 19612: 19158: 18915: 18619: 18415: 18218: 17930: 17617: 17587: 17567: 17507: 17297: 17013: 16551: 16543: 16455: 16316: 16296: 16184: 15632: 13668: 12841: 12819: 12411: 12100: 9487: 8673: 6850: 6835: 6295: 6283: 6157: 5292: 5123: 5065: 4654: 4549: 4544: 3584:. Other historians suggest that this title was already used in this way in association with the pontificate of 3576:

sent by Jesus. Its use specifically for the pope appears in the 13th century in connection with the reforms of

3495: 3200:

at the top of a gilded pole, which would flare brightly for a moment and then promptly extinguish, as he said,

2914:

And I will fasten him like a peg in a secure place, and he will become a throne of honor to his father's house.

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as a bishop. He is not recognized as a valid pope, but was added to the lists of popes in the 15th century as

6218:

The pope's claim to authority is either disputed or rejected outright by other churches, for various reasons.

2185:

and the Catholic Church split definitively in 1054. This fracture was caused more by political events than by

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If anyone says that the blessed Apostle Peter was not established by the Lord Christ as the chief of all the

3005: 2505:

the office of the episcopate. Of this Linus, Paul makes mention in the Epistles to Timothy. To him succeeded

1752: 1379: 1310: 1057: 473: 18717: 9853: 3079:. The ballots from an unsuccessful vote are burned along with a chemical compound to create black smoke, or 2738:

In the book, Optatus wrote about the position of the bishop of Rome in maintaining the unity of the Church.

23199: 23020: 23015: 22955: 22701: 22661: 22561: 22487: 22381: 20611: 19859: 19729: 19684: 19653: 19528: 19364: 19175: 18870: 18712: 18339: 18173: 18144: 18127: 18035: 17647: 17612: 17602: 17180: 17161: 17023: 16774: 16687: 15655: 15257: 9543: 5593: 5193: 5018: 4754: 4519: 3196:("to the City and to the World"). Another renowned part of the coronation was the lighting of a bundle of 2330:(1560–1648), which addressed the challenges of the Protestant Reformation and instituted internal reforms. 2242: 2099: 641: 3770:

lists as one of the official titles of the pope that of "Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church" (Latin:

2954: 1721:

In the early Christian era, Rome and a few other cities had claims on the leadership of worldwide Church.

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From the 7th century it became common for European monarchies and nobility to found churches and perform

1878:, the bishops of Rome were able to consolidate the influence and power they already possessed. After the 1871: 1600: 1591:

and other senior clergy, and later became reserved in the West to the bishop of Rome during the reign of

1406: 830: 631: 21:"Papacy", "Papal", and "Roman pontiff" redirect here. For the historic state controlled by the pope, see 21345: 12978: 11789: 7688: 7678:"pope, n.1". Oxford English Dictionary Online. September 2011. Oxford University Press. 21 November 2011 2049:

continued, and eventually dukes in league with the emperor were buying bishops and popes almost openly.

1801:). Celebration of Easter on a Sunday, as insisted on by the pope, is the system that has prevailed (see 1398:

and the powers of "binding and loosing", naming him as the "rock" upon which the Church would be built.

23185: 22915: 22807: 22756: 22751: 22726: 22696: 22581: 22492: 22086: 21868: 20487: 20292: 20154: 19806: 19719: 19003: 18833: 18820: 18702: 18559: 18392: 18100: 17898: 17552: 17204: 17170: 17129: 16083: 16044: 15670: 15472: 13663: 13559: 11471:"Communiqué concernant la suppression du titre "Patriarche d'Occident" dans l'Annuaire pontifical 2006" 11181: 10376: 9295: 6672: 6532: 6269: 5523: 5158: 3975: 3599:

On at least one occasion the title "vicar of God" (a reference to Christ as God) was used of the pope.

2083:, which spread its ideals throughout Europe. This reform movement gained strength with the election of 1971: 1332: 744: 391: 11375: 10932: 10402: 9548: 8430: 7889: 7117:"Christ's Faithful – Hierarchy, Laity, Consecrated Life: The episcopal college and its head, the pope" 3268:

at the Vatican in April 2005, presided over by Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, the future Pope Benedict XVI

2858:

also describes him as having the key to the house of David, which symbolizes his authority and power.

2830: 1576: 22786: 22731: 22691: 22646: 22641: 22621: 22611: 22606: 22601: 22586: 22571: 22566: 22551: 22541: 22508: 22341: 22100: 21982: 21321: 20469: 20297: 20287: 19394: 19281: 19202: 19185: 19120: 18799: 18727: 18687: 18502: 18290: 18236: 17907: 17857: 17547: 17502: 16610: 16049: 13643: 11496: 11225: 11141: 10537: 6568: 6520: 6321:, a passage that even prior to the Reformation had been applied to the pope as the Antichrist of the 6279: 5398: 5383: 5363: 5257: 5118: 4854: 4709: 4467: 3387: 3252:, the first non-European after 1272 years and the first Latin American (albeit of Italian ancestry). 2648: 2630: 2146: 1932:

After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the pope served as a source of authority and continuity.

1082: 292: 126: 18707: 11221: 11217: 11201: 11197: 11193: 11173: 10730: 2777:

Scriptural texts proposed in support of Peter's special position in relation to the church include:

2342: 2211:

was notorious for greed and corruption. During this period, the pope was effectively an ally of the

2056:

travelled to the major cities of Europe to deal with the church's moral problems firsthand, notably

927: 22935: 22812: 22771: 22746: 22736: 22721: 22716: 22666: 22631: 22616: 22080: 21988: 21967: 20818: 20768: 19907: 19771: 19724: 19565: 19560: 19335: 19293: 19020: 18894: 18598: 18537: 18320: 18256: 18178: 18149: 17769: 17764: 17642: 17542: 17527: 17512: 17354: 17175: 17065: 16983: 16807: 16784: 16735: 16408: 16189: 15981: 15415: 13239: 11213: 11209: 11205: 11189: 11185: 11177: 10036: 6231: 6165: 6008: 5979:

gave to the pope the land from his conquest of the Lombards. The pope may have utilized the forged

5859: 5663: 5583: 5513: 5303: 4934: 4922: 4788: 4781: 4699: 4609: 4435: 4430: 4377: 3650:, with inscription "Benedictus XVI Pont(ifex) Max(imus) Anno Domini MMV Pont(ificatus) I.", i.e., " 3202: 3045: 2723: 2428: 1814: 621: 423: 20280: 11169: 11165: 11157: 11153: 11149: 11145: 11137: 11133: 11125: 11121: 11117: 11113: 11105: 8761: 5967:

This status as a secular and civil ruler was vividly displayed by Pope Leo I's confrontation with

3350:, who vacated the Holy See on 28 February 2013, was the most recent to do so, and the first since 2501:

The blessed apostles , then, having founded and built up the Church , committed into the hands of

2451:

210 – 258 AD), in his letters, recognized the bishop of Rome as the successor of St. Peter in his

598: 23262: 23005: 22901: 22766: 22686: 22656: 22371: 22331: 22231: 22049: 21934: 21799: 21673: 21438: 21069: 20738: 20695: 20302: 20202: 19630: 19619: 19315: 19104: 19053: 18843: 18804: 18777: 18737: 18524: 18439: 18382: 18241: 17873: 17834: 17801: 17247: 17227: 17095: 16973: 16923: 16702: 16503: 16443: 16179: 15787: 15553: 15438: 13648: 12731: 12617: 11161: 11129: 11109: 9943: 6855: 6560: 6550: 6528: 6524: 6367: 6302:

but even saints had called the bishop of Rome the "Antichrist" when they wished to castigate his

6203: 6148: 5980: 5699: 5643: 5508: 5468: 5403: 5358: 5113: 5096: 5036: 4665: 4616: 4526: 4396: 4347: 3171: 3076: 2843: 2182: 2107: 1828: 1766:

of 13 October 2007, theologians chosen by the Catholic and the Eastern Orthodox Churches stated:

1596: 999: 626: 143: 18543: 11346: 9700: 7963: 7957: 7763: 7757: 3049:

in 1996, a simple majority after a deadlock of twelve days was allowed, but this was revoked by

463: 22351: 22346: 22056: 22001: 21645: 21331: 21309: 21081: 20900: 20895: 20718: 20709: 20548: 20522: 19936: 19469: 19299: 19192: 18662: 18310: 18251: 18246: 17880: 17686: 17607: 17532: 17412: 17090: 16978: 16918: 16595: 16483: 16238: 15701: 15675: 15301: 12357: 11067: 9329: 8550: 8410: 6801: 6556: 6539:). This is different from the words used for the head of the Catholic Church (Bulgarian "папа" 6501: 6338: 6310: 6299: 6076: 5775: 5678: 5473: 5267: 4586: 4559: 4493: 3958:

Pope Francis signs some documents with his name alone, either in Latin ("Franciscus", as in an

3683: 3581: 3343: 2989: 2759: 2416: 2289: 2277: 2254: 2238: 2130: 1983: 1763: 1571: 1301: 1249: 989: 700: 418: 12771: 11449: 11294: 10833: 10764: 10632: 10022: 8690: 8108: 7994: 7988: 7794: 7788: 3244:

of the Netherlands, elected in 1522. John Paul II was followed by election of the German-born

3170:, which started with a procession with great pomp and circumstance from the Sistine Chapel to 2157:

to assist the Byzantine Empire to regain the old Christian territories, especially Jerusalem.

1718:'monarchical' bishop in Rome before the middle of the 2nd century ... and likely later." 23090: 22975: 22626: 22556: 22477: 22426: 22421: 22396: 22251: 22216: 21355: 20890: 20808: 20667: 20376: 20347: 20012: 19789: 19542: 19254: 19219: 19125: 18986: 18925: 18838: 18814: 18770: 18765: 18647: 18554: 18467: 18433: 18015: 17842: 17267: 17048: 16913: 16759: 16465: 16403: 16362: 16347: 16145: 16066: 15889: 15728: 15723: 15612: 15077: 13508:

Chronicle of the Popes: The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Papacy from St. Peter to the Present

13278: 12878: 12026: 11455: 11245: 10562: 10382: 8620: 8581: 8225: 7310: 6984: 6885: 6379: 6066: 6048: 5819: 5608: 5478: 5463: 5448: 5408: 5348: 5272: 5262: 5245: 4793: 4734: 4684: 4659: 4647: 4509: 4447: 4328: 4067: 3981: 3869: 3849: 3738: 3475: 3302: 3148: 2346: 1859: 1734: 1545: 835: 167: 37: 20704: 12952: 12529: 11767: 10927: 7304: 6809:

of the time was the true commencement of his pontificate, his name is not registered in the

6575:, a Vietnamese faith that duplicates the Catholic hierarchy, is similarly headed by a pope. 771: 23085: 22925: 22456: 22401: 22361: 22321: 22316: 22311: 22296: 22291: 22281: 22276: 22256: 22236: 22226: 22221: 22211: 21747: 21697: 21677: 21590: 21553: 21419: 21304: 21064: 20845: 20835: 20803: 20370: 20259: 19895: 19754: 19369: 19224: 19212: 18860: 18853: 18642: 18532: 18492: 18487: 17419: 17388: 17285: 17166: 17080: 16960: 16863: 16580: 16575: 16498: 16448: 16379: 16357: 16105: 16039: 15836: 15819: 15754: 15328: 12745: 12002: 11370: 10047: 8197: 7689:"Catechism of the Catholic Church – Christ's Faithful – Hierarchy, Laity, Consecrated Life" 6722:(25 October – 10 November 1241): reigned for 17 calendar days, died before coronation. 6427: 6247: 5618: 5553: 5518: 5323: 5250: 5228: 5176: 4800: 4169: 4103: 3534: 3518: 3289: 3144: 3040: 2770: 2316: 2269: 2190: 2178: 1875: 1867: 1517: 1195: 1072: 947: 932: 705: 685: 646: 468: 406: 22155: 19075: 10897: 10556: 8263: 4070:(shield) (one silver key and one gold key, tied with a red cord), and above them a silver 2045:. John mutilated the Imperial representatives in Rome and had himself reinstated as pope. 1647:

noting that the episcopal see in Rome can be traced back no earlier than the 3rd century.

8: 23211: 23047: 22781: 22591: 22482: 22451: 22416: 22406: 22391: 22336: 22301: 22286: 22271: 22261: 22241: 22144: 21274: 20885: 20580: 20553: 20161: 19992: 19431: 19306: 19168: 18920: 18722: 18692: 18208: 18110: 17903: 17887: 17407: 17317: 16768: 16712: 16660: 16561: 16523: 16226: 15711: 15696: 15650: 15469: 14942: 14325: 13607: 13526: 11549: 10460: 9918: 6508:

continues to be called "pope", the former being called "Coptic pope" or, more properly, "

6254:, or to claims of papal infallibility. Several of these churches refer to such claims as 6235: 6128: 6071: 6040: 5716: 5543: 4961: 4956: 4769: 4485: 4198: 3907: 3679: 3483: 3454: 3129: 2817: 2584: 2556: 2373: 2354: 2327: 2281: 2150: 2098:

This conflict between popes and secular autocratic rulers such as the Holy Roman Emperor

1863: 1824: 1794: 1668: 1505: 1486: 1383: 1372: 1322: 1147: 994: 889: 695: 567: 483: 458: 117: 26: 19197: 13386: 12889: 12666: 12474: 10397: 9371: 9194: 8219: 7911:[...> accept Rome as the location of the martyrdom and the reign of Nero as the time. 4276:

In its Dogmatic Constitution on the Church (1964), the Second Vatican Council declared:

658: 23257: 23172: 22993: 22965: 22950: 22522: 22441: 22386: 22366: 22356: 22326: 21975: 21466: 21449: 21131: 21041: 21029: 21006: 20870: 20780: 20722: 20592: 20399: 20322: 19801: 19443: 19070: 18998: 18787: 18732: 18549: 18482: 18228: 18045: 16903: 16895: 16638: 16339: 16306: 16140: 16078: 16003: 15809: 15767: 15761: 15221: 15215: 15110: 14962: 14957: 14922: 14791: 14771: 14691: 14590: 14565: 14555: 14455: 14440: 13964: 13692: 13685: 13404: 11855: 11339: 11334: 10871: 10257: 10247: 10232: 10010: 8863: 7477: 7362: 7196: 6870: 6772: 6652: 6239: 6180: 6124: 6086: 5976: 5728: 5488: 5343: 5148: 4834: 4291: 3821: 3817: 3801: 2579: 2403: 2216: 2138: 2119: 2111: 2103: 2041:

had John accused in an ecclesiastical court, which deposed him and elected a layman as

1798: 1490: 1478: 1454: 922: 798: 730: 555: 411: 13182: 12902: 10975: 10482: 9108:

Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers: Series II/Volume I/Church History of Eusebius/Book III

8731: 6500:

Since the papacy of Heraclas in the 3rd century, the bishop of Alexandria in both the

6382:

hold that the pope is the Antichrist, stating that this article of faith is part of a

3420: 3117:

he has chosen. If the dean himself is elected pope, the vice dean performs this task.

83: 23247: 23122: 23102: 23080: 22920: 22436: 21594: 20327: 20083: 20060: 19677: 19597: 19592: 19532: 19462: 19411: 19359: 18828: 18792: 18603: 18564: 18188: 17424: 16749: 16629: 16396: 16352: 15804: 15749: 15296: 15129: 15062: 15057: 14977: 14972: 14947: 14881: 14856: 14836: 14796: 14746: 14711: 14666: 14631: 14621: 14611: 14595: 14580: 14540: 14525: 14495: 14420: 14400: 14360: 14245: 14099: 14044: 13898: 13534: 13512: 13506: 13491: 13472: 13455: 13448: 13414: 13392: 13382: 13368: 13346: 13327: 13308: 13286: 13264: 13231: 13219: 13200: 13166: 13142: 13118: 13112: 13094: 13072: 13066: 13051: 13024: 13004: 12653: 12510: 12334: 12298: 12203: 12164: 12135: 11558: 11427: 11401: 11350: 11316: 10967: 10839: 10770: 10746: 10638: 10608: 10588: 10357: 10077: 9706: 8890: 8837: 8798: 8669: 8626: 8587: 8481: 8460: 8392: 8323: 8283: 8247: 8180: 7998: 7967: 7798: 7767: 7646: 7621: 7596: 7571: 7546: 7509: 7481: 7469: 7328: 7285: 7230: 7116: 7093: 7010: 6799:

the Roman priest Stephen was elected; but, since four days later he died, before his

6737: 6719: 6622: 6430:

these objections both contributed to and are products of the Protestant Reformation.

6081: 6069:

in 1494, which divided the world into areas of Spanish and Portuguese rule. The bull

5996: 5972: 5847: 5795:, considered the cathedral of the Diocese of Rome, and his official residence is the 5613: 5603: 5453: 5388: 5338: 5188: 4641: 4462: 4407: 4360: 4035: 3948: 3825: 3654:, Pontifex Maximus, in the year of Our Lord 2005, the first year of his pontificate." 3577: 3565: 3452:

The official list of titles of the pope, in the order in which they are given in the

3337: 3277: 3265: 3050: 2479: 2223: 2212: 2115: 2092: 2061: 2016: 1975: 1967: 1422: 1077: 572: 488: 453: 6033:(or the threat thereof) have been used many times to exercise papal power. The bull 2068:. With his long journey, he restored the prestige of the papacy in Northern Europe. 1157: 23037: 23026: 22940: 22119: 21411: 21163: 20952: 20928: 20880: 20795: 20538: 19784: 19555: 19288: 19146: 18981: 18875: 18637: 18627: 18613: 18590: 18571: 18425: 18050: 17824: 17786: 17744: 17672: 17667: 17634: 17441: 17374: 17337: 17332: 17312: 17307: 17232: 17085: 17075: 17035: 16566: 16384: 16367: 16061: 15944: 15799: 15794: 15617: 15587: 15507: 15502: 15353: 15116: 15052: 15027: 15007: 14982: 14967: 14937: 14876: 14871: 14821: 14751: 14741: 14721: 14696: 14686: 14681: 14676: 14626: 14585: 14535: 14530: 14520: 14500: 14490: 14450: 14395: 14370: 14345: 14320: 14310: 14300: 14285: 14184: 14164: 14154: 14119: 14054: 14049: 14029: 13989: 13929: 13868: 13853: 13848: 13783: 13768: 13743: 13733: 13302: 13194: 13136: 12562:"Court of Appeal sets aside stay of proceedings in Vatican London property dispute" 11835: 10375: 9021: 8930: 7461: 7348: 7325:

História das Religiões. Crenças e práticas religiosas do século XII aos nossos dias

7225:. Introduction (One of the most enduring and influential of all human institutions, 6949: 6941: 6765: 6725: 6713: 6707: 6658: 6481: 6378:

This sweeping rejection is held by, among others, some denominations of Lutherans:

5959: 5907: 5832: 5796: 5563: 5548: 5428: 5413: 5393: 5328: 5213: 4262: 4027: 4000: 3882: 3774:). He is also commonly called the supreme pontiff or the sovereign pontiff (Latin: 3752: 3642: 3522: 3479: 3471: 3306: 3176: 3167: 3113:

The dean asks next, "By what name shall you be called?" The new pope announces the

3011: 2825: 2636: 2526: 2518: 2494: 2384: 2335: 2309: 2088: 2084: 1979: 1418: 1222: 786: 545: 540: 530: 525: 520: 448: 181: 161: 17290: 13560:

Data Base of more than 23,000 documents of the Popes in Latin and modern languages

13360: 10297: 6097:, was regarded as influential in the fall of Communism in Eastern Europe. He also 6079:

and declared that all her subjects were released from allegiance to her. The bull

3513:

The title "pope" was from the early 3rd century an honorific designation used for

478: 23054: 23010: 22970: 22945: 22741: 22411: 21511: 21429: 21231: 21188: 21178: 21173: 21126: 21120: 21056: 20976: 20533: 19928: 19514: 19343: 19207: 19130: 18750: 18679: 18608: 18285: 18168: 18025: 17990: 17796: 17791: 17716: 17711: 17652: 17577: 17327: 17257: 16789: 16730: 16280: 16100: 15998: 15991: 15959: 15597: 15405: 15321: 15155: 15122: 15042: 14952: 14927: 14917: 14912: 14907: 14831: 14766: 14731: 14716: 14651: 14641: 14616: 14570: 14550: 14515: 14505: 14485: 14470: 14465: 14460: 14435: 14430: 14380: 14365: 14290: 14270: 14250: 14235: 14230: 14210: 14174: 14159: 14079: 14064: 14059: 14024: 14014: 13999: 13959: 13949: 13934: 13924: 13914: 13778: 13723: 13627: 13554: 13408: 12939: 12909: 12885: 12874: 12867: 12714: 12707: 12695: 12686: 12673: 12662: 12640: 12624: 12292: 12056: 12033: 11898: 11887: 11859: 11827: 11573: 11408: 11260: 11093: 10982: 10090: 10064:(canopied thrones, appearing as "canopied pulpits" in both those translations) – 10054: 10043: 10032: 9997: 9973: 9950: 9900: 9878: 9872:"What Does Cardinal Sodano's Departure as Dean of the College of Cardinals Mean?" 9860: 9823: 9801: 9529: 9510: 9491: 8792: 8417: 8270: 8204: 8037: 7452:

Agnew, John (12 February 2010). "Deus Vult: The Geopolitics of Catholic Church".

7083: 6822: 6759: 6743: 6391: 6307: 6171:

In April 2010, there was press coverage in Britain concerning a proposed plan by

6030: 5804: 5638: 5631: 5558: 5368: 5240: 5235: 4976: 4971: 4910: 4893: 4535: 4389: 4217: 4194: 4122: 4118: 3873: 3829: 3619: 3467: 3463: 2965: 2765: 2695: 2625: 2369: 2026: 1999: 1991: 1748: 1529: 1462: 1391: 1336: 967: 668: 515: 433: 227: 207: 21366: 9503: 9075: 8954: 6783:, causing difficulties in enumerating later popes named Stephen. The Holy See's 3159:("I announce to you a great joy! We have a pope!"). He announces the new pope's 2895:

According to book of Matthew Peter also gets keys and power to bind and loose.

808: 23232: 23096: 22999: 21213: 21183: 21168: 21110: 21100: 21035: 21018: 20860: 20234: 20194: 19996: 19940: 19759: 19714: 19646: 19602: 19580: 19575: 19085: 18958: 18905: 18652: 18515: 18477: 18445: 18203: 18132: 17980: 17915: 17701: 17691: 17677: 17662: 17342: 17237: 17121: 17100: 16634: 16513: 16488: 16460: 16391: 16204: 16157: 16127: 16121: 15906: 15899: 15782: 15665: 15592: 15540: 15512: 15460: 15383: 15289: 15245: 15227: 15196: 15190: 15182: 15176: 15170: 15002: 14932: 14866: 14816: 14806: 14786: 14761: 14706: 14701: 14671: 14646: 14575: 14560: 14545: 14480: 14425: 14415: 14390: 14275: 14265: 14260: 14255: 14225: 14220: 14215: 14149: 14134: 14069: 14034: 14004: 13974: 13969: 13954: 13888: 13863: 13838: 13828: 13823: 13818: 13808: 13728: 13718: 13600: 13592: 13564: 13485: 12921: 12196:"Pope Francis and the Vatican played key roles in US-Cuba thaw, leaders reveal" 12014: 11863: 11847: 11839: 11239: 9409: 9257: 7422: 6880: 6775:(23–26 March 752) died of stroke three days after his election, and before his 6731: 6703: 6691: 6443: 6314: 6303: 6256: 5971:

in 452. The first expansion of papal rule outside of Rome came in 728 with the

5873: 5843: 5673: 5578: 5418: 5023: 4927: 4726: 4514: 4414: 4402: 3663: 3631: 3615: 3526: 3160: 3032: 3028: 2949: 2878: 2866: 2821: 2514: 2510: 2506: 2456: 2380: 2285: 2265: 2208: 2170: 2080: 2034: 1933: 1918: 1848: 1836: 1820: 1782: 1722: 1658: 1501: 1438: 1395: 1293: 1162: 1142: 1137: 877: 850: 715: 710: 535: 401: 396: 259: 20713: 12450: 12266:"The International Criminal Court, Bashir, and the Immunity of Heads of State" 11647:"Umbraculum – Definition and synonyms of umbraculum in the English dictionary" 11646: 9164: 8030: 7465: 7055: 6551:

In new religious movements and other Christian-related new religious movements

6370:. This woodcut of the traditional practice of kissing the pope's foot is from 3941: 3682:

in pagan Rome. The Latin word was translated into ancient Greek variously: as

1729:

church, which is still honoured as the "Mother Church" in Orthodox tradition.

23221: 22192: 22124: 21494: 21248: 21105: 20988: 20910: 20850: 20813: 20465: 19945: 19587: 19550: 19499: 19496: 19276: 19266: 18755: 18667: 18632: 18095: 18055: 17940: 17862: 17847: 17696: 17657: 17463: 17347: 17144: 16813: 16528: 15410: 15037: 15017: 14992: 14861: 14826: 14801: 14756: 14736: 14661: 14656: 14636: 14510: 14445: 14405: 14385: 14375: 14280: 14189: 14144: 14094: 14089: 14084: 14039: 14019: 14009: 13984: 13944: 13893: 13883: 13878: 13858: 13813: 13773: 13758: 13738: 13680: 13638: 13568: 13476: 13459: 13396: 12207: 12168: 11831: 11586: 9447: 9134: 9045: 7473: 6988: 6910: 6865: 6840: 6788: 6749: 6646: 6640: 6628: 6120: 6061: 5992: 5815: 5771: 5658: 5573: 4704: 4354: 4253: 3789: 3734: 3313: 3230: 3154: 3121: 3087: 3067: 3020: 2847: 2538: 2522: 2399: 2331: 2305: 2154: 2142: 2134: 2042: 2030: 1995: 1840: 1684: 1651: 1641: 1604: 1470: 1458: 1442: 1410: 1356: 1127: 1052: 1037: 957: 882: 860: 855: 845: 384: 284: 33: 13418: 13290: 13223: 12070:"The Enduring Power of the Papacy: Pope Francis and International Relations" 10700: 10670: 10181: 9013: 8922: 7818: 5975:, which in turn was substantially increased in 754, when the Frankish ruler 3260: 2137:, and represented a threat to Christianity. In 1095, the Byzantine emperor, 1986:, and the inability of the emperor to protect the papal estates against the 1679:, although some scholars argue that he may have been martyred in Palestine. 1446: 23117: 21457: 21415: 21401: 21397: 21236: 21208: 21138: 20830: 20674: 20642: 20634: 20342: 20244: 19706: 19641: 19607: 19523: 19506: 19271: 18950: 18880: 18462: 18403: 18362: 18070: 18005: 17935: 17925: 17852: 17752: 17721: 17497: 17446: 17214: 17156: 17053: 16824: 16741: 16697: 16692: 16682: 16493: 16420: 15949: 15859: 15826: 15774: 15573: 15496: 15429: 15396: 15369: 15251: 15067: 15047: 15032: 15012: 14997: 14987: 14846: 14841: 14781: 14776: 14726: 14410: 14355: 14350: 14305: 14295: 14194: 14169: 14139: 14074: 13994: 13919: 13833: 13798: 13793: 13788: 13748: 13324:

The Book of the Popes (Liber Pontificalis): To the Pontificate of Gregory I

12633: 12531:"Vatican's £124m property case to be heard in UK in 'trial of the century'" 12514: 11976: 11851: 11823: 11819: 11341:

World Dictionary of Foreign Expressions: A Resource for Readers and Writers

9522: 9025: 8934: 7018: 6976: 6796: 6776: 6634: 6616: 6592: 6044: 6035: 6015: 5984: 5963: 5917: 5897: 5887: 5483: 5423: 5153: 4898: 4570: 4420: 4366: 4337: 4319: 4047: 3931: 3894: 3878: 3756: 3651: 3647: 3623: 3447: 3392: 3347: 3249: 3245: 3192: 3055: 2995: 2591:, while the other two lists switch the positions of Clement and Anacletus. 2530: 2388: 2246: 2003: 1823:

in 313 granted freedom to all religions in the Roman Empire, beginning the

1566: 1556: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1177: 1132: 1032: 840: 754: 749: 737: 428: 297: 131: 112: 88: 22: 22870: 13298: 11448: 9283:

idiom to have said, "Thou art Peter, and upon thee I will build my church.

7392: 6476:"Black Pope" is a name that was popularly, but unofficially, given to the 4383:

Fundamental Statute for the Secular Government of the States of the Church

4304: 3828:, reportedly as a lesson in humility for the patriarch of Constantinople, 3553:. It is commonly used in the slightly abbreviated form "vicar of Christ" ( 3379: 325: 23107: 21294: 21268: 21261: 21254: 21241: 21226: 21221: 20940: 20923: 20875: 20560: 19779: 19668: 19519: 19033: 18976: 18266: 18122: 17995: 17975: 17970: 17965: 17950: 17252: 17187: 17043: 16968: 16946: 16794: 16556: 16518: 16169: 16056: 15976: 15911: 15894: 15854: 15660: 15022: 14902: 14897: 14851: 14475: 14340: 14335: 14240: 14179: 14124: 14114: 14109: 13979: 13803: 13753: 13708: 13156: 13132: 13108: 9854:

http://www.indianchristianity.com/html/menachery/html/GeorgeMenachery.htm

9740:"White Smoke, Pope; Black Smoke, Nope: How Conclave Smoke Gets Its Color" 9367: 6753: 6603: 6564: 6322: 6291: 5438: 5208: 5202: 4915: 4286: 4257: 4114: 3742: 3715: 3573: 3351: 3298: 3226: 3190:(papal tiara) and he gave for the first time as pope the famous blessing 3186: 3114: 3092: 3081: 2974: 2851: 2719: 2534: 2465: 2360: 2272:, at the high-point of Concilliarism, decided among the papal claimants. 2250: 2197: 2072: 2065: 2007: 1960: 1632: 1511: 1474: 1387: 1167: 1152: 1092: 593: 357: 197: 18331: 12815: 10508: 9841:

Inside The Vatican: The Politics and Organization of the Catholic Church

8929:, Catholic University of America Press, pp. 265–268, 1 April 2010, 7303: 4158: 4042: 3804:. The popes began to use this title regularly only in the 15th century. 3622:

as vicar of Peter in the oath of fealty that he took in 722. In today's

3035:" (so called because the cardinal electors are theoretically locked in, 2341:

Gradually forced to give up secular power to the increasingly assertive

1631:

the Church, that was held by the apostles, as a group or "college" with

98: 22855:

1. Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on geographical definition.

21115: 20996: 20543: 19741: 17960: 17955: 17779: 17706: 17322: 17242: 16873: 15939: 15814: 15718: 15706: 15680: 15578: 15136: 14811: 14330: 14315: 14129: 14104: 13939: 13843: 13763: 13713: 13655: 11843: 11706: 10325:"Benedict, the placeholder pope who leaves a battered, weakened church" 7060: 6895: 6875: 6664: 6334: 6329: 6211: 6161: 6102: 5988: 5808: 4886: 4281: 4091: 3988: 3959: 3837: 3760: 3711: 3703: 3585: 3569: 3561: 3435: 3181: 3000: 2781: 2663: 2621: 2542: 2502: 2392: 2320: 2227: 2087:

in 1073, who adopted a series of measures in the movement known as the

2022: 1730: 1628: 1592: 1466: 1426: 1217: 1117: 1112: 1062: 1047: 1042: 761: 678: 505: 493: 12877:

on the temporal power of the pope over governments and Innocent III's

10555: 10252: 10250: 8583:

When Time Shall be No More: Prophecy Belief in Modern American Culture

6791:

and antipopes, attaches a footnote to its mention of Pope Stephen II:

6535:, it is not unusual for a village priest to be called a "pope" ("поп" 3836:". It became reserved for the pope in the 12th century and is used in 22930: 22651: 21880: 21487: 21143: 20449: 20264: 19912: 19811: 19008: 18065: 18060: 18030: 17726: 17489: 17473: 17458: 17302: 17192: 17070: 17060: 16928: 16707: 16088: 15923: 15864: 15733: 13873: 9642: 8665: 7940: 7327:. Grandes Livros da Religião. Editora Folio. 2008. pp. 89, 156–157. 7089: 6980: 6905: 6676: 6318: 6176: 6026: 6019: 5836: 5008: 4019: 3924: 3859: 3855: 3797: 3241: 3062: 2231: 2123: 1895: 1883: 1852: 1726: 1708: 1582: 1482: 1425:

headquartered in the distinctively independent Vatican City State, a

1352: 1229: 1172: 1122: 1102: 977: 813: 776: 766: 720: 690: 663: 603: 12389:"Vatican Can Be Sued For Priest Sexual Abuse: U.S. Court of Appeals" 10743:

Autoridade da Verdade – Momentos Obscuros do Magistério Eclesiástico

10046:(p. 83), and appearing as "thrones ascended by flights of steps" in 10013:, speaking of the honours paid to bishops in his time, mentions the 9637: 9615: 9484: 9223: 8218: 7274:

Autoridade da Verdade – Momentos Obscuros do Magistério Eclesiástico

7263:

Wetterau, Bruce. World history. New York: Henry Holt & Co. 1994.

6344: 4249: 2165: 1886:

tribes were converted to Arian Christianity or Nicene Christianity;

1627:

The Catholic Church teaches that the pastoral office, the office of

23167: 21527: 20964: 20918: 20855: 20679: 20663: 20587: 19695: 19485: 19438: 19321: 18387: 18305: 18213: 18040: 17139: 16508: 16233: 16199: 16174: 15879: 15529: 15447: 15378: 15361: 13675: 11891: 11880: 11079: 11050: 10059: 9626: 9604: 8491: 6439: 6359: 6004: 5788: 5723: 4905: 4225: 4130: 4055: 4014: 3321: 3016: 2982: 2727: 2644: 2612: 2588: 2459:, and affirmed his unique authority in the early Christian Church. 2365:

when issuing a definition of faith or morals. Later the same year,

2319:

criticized the papacy as corrupt and characterized the pope as the

2261: 2013:

The low point of the papacy was 867–1049. This period includes the

1987: 1887: 1832: 1802: 1790: 1756: 1654: 1414: 1244: 1097: 867: 803: 636: 352: 247: 16249: 13089:(1990). "The Early Christian Community". In John McManners (ed.). 12979:"Saint Peter : The First Pope (Successors of Peter - Part 1)" 6768:(26 August – 28 September 1978): reigned for 34 calendar days 6706:(15–27 September 1590): reigned for 13 calendar days, died before 5995:, a major step toward establishing what later became known as the 3812:

Although the description "servant of the servants of God" (Latin:

3166:

Until 1978, the pope's election was followed in a few days by the

2002:

subdued the Lombards and donated Italian land to the papacy. When

1906: 22139: 21884: 21012: 21001: 20840: 18010: 16848: 16722: 16665: 15884: 15844: 13165:. Vol. VI. The Reformation. New York: Simon & Schuster. 12728:"Brief Statement of the Doctrinal Position of the Missouri Synod" 10122:"Sorry, Jorge Mario Bergoglio is not the first non-European pope" 10066:

oogle.com/books?id=_Ms7AAAAcAAJ Letter 203 in the old arrangement

9245: 9234: 8923:"Cyprian and Other Bishops at the Council of Carthage to Stephen" 6572: 6400:

A Brief Statement of the Doctrinal Position of the Missouri Synod

6172: 6140: 6056: 6052: 5947: 4372: 4295: 4138: 4134: 4102:

most frequently associated with the pope is the yellow and white

4059: 4005: 3793: 3730: 3659: 3627: 3503: 3272:

The current regulations regarding a papal interregnum—that is, a

2804: 2793: 2753: 2714: 2564:

that the church in Rome is "the church that presides over love".

2442: 2204: 1944: 1430: 1107: 725: 588: 560: 550: 10549: 10547: 10545: 9135:"Church Fathers: The Prescription Against Heretics (Tertullian)" 7149:"In Biden's visit with the pope, a page from Reagan's playbook?" 6734:(15 January – 4 February 708): reigned for 21 calendar days 2300: 1898:, later abandoned Arianism in favour of the established church. 23134: 21023: 20603: 19900: 18163: 17468: 17453: 17397: 17364: 15642: 12235:"How the Pope Helped Bring the United States and Cuba Together" 11104:

There are 35 instances of the use of this term in the Vulgate:

10585:

Lives of the Popes. The Pontiffs from St. Peter to John Paul II

6485: 6453: 6402:, which a small number of Lutheran church bodies now hold. The 6221: 6094: 5968: 4874: 4083: 4079: 3207: 3206:("Thus passes worldly glory"). A similar warning against papal 2855: 2057: 2053: 2038: 1891: 1588: 984: 952: 912: 781: 673: 443: 438: 21861:

Assyrian Church of the East Patriarchate of Seleucia-Ctesiphon

13196:

The Limits of the Papacy: Authority and Autonomy in the Church

12953:"The Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria and All Africa" 10553: 9680: 8369: 8367: 8365: 6286:

included this passage in a larger statement on papal primacy:

6195: 2657:

Eusebius of Caesarea, Church History, Book III, Chapter 4:9-10

2160: 21869:

Ancient Church of the East Patriarchate of Seleucia-Ctesiphon

18261: 17429: 17393: 15874: 15849: 15519: 15455: 12412:"Vatican offers 3 reasons it's not liable in U.S. abuse case" 11790:"Vatican newspaper examines history of red, white papal garb" 11497:"Why is Pope Francis embracing the patriarchy (of the West)?" 11411:

Livius.org article by Jona Lendering retrieved 15 August 2006

10762: 10542: 6588: 5828: 5198: 4087: 4018:(fans made of white ostrich feathers), and sometimes a large 3317: 3218: 3124:, a dressing room where three sets of white papal vestments ( 2978: 2513:

was allotted the bishopric. To this Clement there succeeded

2350: 2226:

built up by the saints and by Christ, so that he could grant

1956: 1952: 1948: 1844: 1786: 1574: 1521: 1067: 937: 917: 872: 653: 21422:

legacy and branched where multiple denominational claimants:

20293:

Palace of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples

18523: 9541: 8391:. pp. 101, 130, 149, 151, 159. Volume one. Gilberto Cotrim. 8340: 8338: 8336: 7882: 6746:(17 July – 9 August 1048): reigned for 24 calendar days 6687: 6131:", which is, strictly speaking, the immunity enjoyed by the 3796:(375–383) relinquished it. Tertullian, when he had become a 3027:

Since 1878, the election of the pope has taken place in the

2981:

in 1513, and the last to be elected when not a cardinal was

1725:, known as "the brother of the Lord", served as head of the 22185: 20175: 19454: 17434: 15869: 15451: 15428: 12816:"Doctrinal Position – The Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod" 12554: 11238: 10964:Études de Philologie, d'Archéologie et d'Histoire Anciennes 10631:

Beal, John P.; Coriden, James A.; Green, Thomas J. (2002).

10356:, published annually by Libreria Editrice Vaticana, p. 23. 10018: 8762:"What the Early Church Believed: The Authority of the Pope" 8362: 6459: 6274:

In 1973, the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops'

4099: 3197: 3095:

are also rung as a signal that a new pope has been chosen.

2977:

in 1831, the last to be elected when not even a priest was

2842:

According to the Catholic Church, the pope is also the new

1676: 1608: 1434: 1315: 962: 13003:

Annuario Pontificio 2012 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2012

8794:

The First Thousand Years: A Global History of Christianity

6488:

the popes dress in white) and the cardinal prefect of the

6351:, by Lucas Cranach. This woodcut of John 13:14–17 is from 5936: 3517:

bishop in the West. In the East, it was used only for the

2881:, Eliakim receives the keys and power to close and open. 2169:

A historical map of the Mediterranean states in 1400. The

21711: 19080: 15313: 11547:

Examples are "Francesco" in the frontispiece of the 2013

10960:

Le collège pontifical: 3ème s. a. C. – 4ème s. p. C.

9795:"Vatican: Bells Will Also Announce Election of New Pope". 9702:

The Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church: A History

9195:"What the Early Church Believed: Peter's Roman Residency" 8586:. Harvard University Press. p. 61; cf. pp. 62, 274. 8508: 8506: 8350: 8333: 6762:(22 May – 23 June 964): reigned for 33 calendar days 6740:(9 April – 1 May 1555): reigned for 23 calendar days 6655:(1159–1181): 21 years, 11 months and 24 days (8,029 days) 6619:(1846–1878): 31 years, 7 months and 23 days (11,560 days) 4694: 4012:) in red uniforms, accompanied by two attendants bearing 3755:" (a book containing rites reserved for bishops, such as 3549:) is one of the official titles of the pope given in the 3110:

he receives a sufficient number of votes to become pope.

2689:

Tertullian, The Prescription Against Heretics, Chapter 32

2295: 2222:

The pope was understood to have the power to draw on the

972: 20410:

House of Retreat for the Clergy of Saints John and Paul

12879:

Letter to the prefect Acerbius and the nobles of Tuscany

8955:"Church Fathers: Against Heresies, III.3 (St. Irenaeus)" 6637:(1775–1799): 24 years, 6 months and 15 days (8,962 days) 6625:(1978–2005): 26 years, 5 months and 18 days (9,665 days) 6613:–64/68): c. 34 – c. 38 years (Around 12,000–14,000 days) 6018:, an ambitious if spectacularly corrupt politician, and 3901:" (Most Blessed Father) is often used in preference to " 3626:, the description "vicar of Peter" is found also in the 3301:

and John Paul II. The cardinal camerlengo retrieves the

2372:

from the pope's control and substantially completed the

1808: 15377: 13567:– website for the past and present Holy Fathers (since 12774:. Church of the Lutheran Confession. 10 December 2011. 12443:"Richard Dawkins calls for arrest of Pope Benedict XVI" 8518: 6649:(1800–1823): 23 years, 5 months and 7 days (8,560 days) 6643:(772–795): 23 years, 10 months and 25 days (8,729 days) 6414:, and the Illinois Lutheran Conference all hold to the 3210:

made on this occasion was the traditional exclamation,

2854:, managed the palace staff, and handled state affairs. 2774:) and the bishop of Rome has succeeded to Saint Peter. 2509:; and after him, in the third place from the apostles, 2203:

From 1309 to 1377, the pope resided not in Rome but in

1351:. From the eighth century until 1870, the pope was the 21898:

Catholicos of All Armenians (Patriarch of Etchmiadzin)

12730:. Lutheran Churches of the Reformation. Archived from 11677:"Vatican: The Possible Return of the Sedia Gestatoria" 11446: 9046:"Church Fathers: Epistle to the Romans (St. Ignatius)" 8987:

Ante-Nicene Fathers Vol. I, Against Heresies: Book III

8503: 7223:

Keepers of the keys of heaven: a history of the papacy

6667:(440–461): 21 years, 1 month, and 13 days (7,713 days) 6631:(1878–1903): 25 years, 5 months and 1 day (9,281 days) 6250:. These churches see no foundation to papal claims of 3800:, used the title derisively of either the pope or the 2345:, the popes focused on spiritual issues. In 1870, the 2122:

began reforms that would lead to the establishment of

1737:, and according to tradition Paul was martyred there. 23183: 13048:

One Faith, One Lord: A Study of Basic Catholic Belief

11707:"Vatican City (Holy See) – The Keys and Coat of Arms" 11315:

Annuario Pontificio 2008 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana

10373: 8927:

Letters (1–81) (The Fathers of the Church, Volume 51)

8216: 6661:(314–335): 21 years, 11 months and 1 day (8,005 days) 6296:

tradition that reached back into the eleventh century

2708:

Tertullian, Prescription against Heretics, Chapter 32

2647:

was sent to Gaul; but Linus, whom he mentions in the

2643:

As to the rest of his followers, Paul testifies that

2395:, guaranteeing papal independence from secular rule. 2241:, who sometimes attempted to assert the authority of 22858:

2. Recognised by at least one United Nations member.

20303:

Palace of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches

13321: 12074:

Berkley Center for Religion, Peace and World Affairs

11332: 10838:. Huntington, Ind: Our Sunday Visitor. p. 991. 10581:

Os Papas. Os Pontífices de São Pedro a João Paulo II

9894:"Papal Transition: Traditional Path Sharply Defined" 6756:(1–27 April 1605): both reigned for 27 calendar days 5139:

Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See

3824:, it was first used extensively as a papal title by 3434:

Popes adopt a new name on their accession, known as

2550:

Irenaeus of Lyons, Against Heresies III, Chapter 3.2

21327:

Conference of the Latin Bishops of the Arab Regions

20478: 20360: 18783:

Santa Maria della Pietà in Camposanto dei Teutonici

13340: 13326:. Merchantville, New Jersey: Evolution Publishing. 12521: 10065: 6394:. In 1932, one of these Confessional churches, the 5534:

Santa Maria della Pietà in Camposanto dei Teutonici

5144:

Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See

3816:) was also used by other Church leaders, including 3580:, as can be observed already in his 1199 letter to 3506:

signed as "Paulus PP. VI", the "PP." standing for "

2698:was ordained by Saint Peter as the bishop of Rome. 2521:followed Evaristus; then, sixth from the apostles, 2412:since papal infallibility was explicitly declared. 2357:for the most solemn occasions when the pope speaks 1966:Gregory's successors were largely dominated by the 13447: 13181: 13179: 12800:. The Illinois Lutheran Conference. Archived from 12473: 11338: 11230: 10626: 10624: 9662:"Popes and conclaves: everything you need to know" 8246:(10 edição). Editora Paulinas. pp. 296, 696, 736. 7951: 7949: 7751: 7749: 7125:. Vatican City: Libreria Editrice Vaticana. 1993. 6276:Committee on Ecumenical and Interreligious Affairs 6139:"the Vatican", "Vatican City", and even "Rome" as 3718:) The head of the college was known as the Latin: 2938: 2264:challenged papal authority, especially during the 2133:had succeeded in controlling much of the southern 1998:. He appealed to the Franks to protect his lands. 21396: 15623:Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province 11553:published in Italian shortly after his election ( 10993: 10991: 10835:Church & State: A Novel of Politics and Power 10386:. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 10025:Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Christian Antiquities 7295: 6561:disassociated themselves from the Catholic Church 5499:Postage stamps and postal history of Vatican City 5283:Postage stamps and postal history of Vatican City 4062:(i.e., crossed over one another so as to form an 3807: 3746: 2606: 2493:. The list covers the period from Saint Peter to 1695: 23219: 22861:3. Not recognised by any United Nations members. 13622: 13216:History of Rome and the Popes in the Middle Ages 12358:"The autonomy of bishops, and suing the Vatican" 12331:"U.S. Says Pope Immune From Molestation Lawsuit" 11758:Bagliani, Agostino Paravicini (21 August 2013). 10705:Catholic Encyclopedia: The Fathers of the Church 10675:Catholic Encyclopedia: The Fathers of the Church 10630: 9535: 9456:Matthew Henry's Complete Commentary on the Bible 8109:"Saint Paul the Apostle | Biography & Facts" 7823:Catholic Encyclopedia: The Fathers of the Church 7565: 7259: 7257: 7255: 7253: 7251: 7249: 7247: 7245: 7243: 6559:within Christianity, especially those that have 6290:In calling the pope the "Antichrist", the early 5983:to gain this land, which formed the core of the 3763:), and "pontificals" (the insignia of bishops). 10803:"Second Vatican Council, Dogmatic Constitution 10621: 10509:"pope | Definition, Title, & List of Popes" 8406: 8404: 7946: 7746: 6514:Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria and All Africa 5031:Section for Relations with States (Roman Curia) 4592:Corps of Firefighters of the Vatican City State 4260:, is carried through St. Peter's Basilica on a 4207:1881 illustration depicting papal infallibility 3905:" (Most Holy Father). In the medieval period, " 3342:It is highly unusual for a pope to resign. The 3225:("while the see is vacant"), refers to a papal 2924:In Matthew 16:18 Peter was compared to a rock. 23152:Libellus de imperatoria potestate in urbe Roma 13555:Pope Endurance League – Sortable list of Popes 13504: 13091:The Oxford Illustrated History of Christianity 11936:Denzinger 3073–3075 (old numbering, 1839–1840) 10988: 8304:Corso di Storia, per le scuole medie superiori 6975:The papacy was an influence in regulating the 6490:Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples 5807:, situated on the site of the ancient city of 4022:, carried by eight attendants. The use of the 3316:for several days before being interred in the 2754:Saint Peter and the origin of the papal office 22886: 22171: 21382: 20619: 20461:Pontificio Collegio Urbano de Propaganda Fide 19470: 18347: 16265: 15329: 13608: 12333:. Fox News. 20 September 2005. Archived from 12263: 12134:. New York: Penguin Books. pp. 584–595. 11022:Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (eds.). 10322: 9020:, 1517 Media, pp. 163–192, 18 May 2016, 8830:Cartago), Cipriano (Santo, Obispo de (1984). 8719:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 8538:The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 7893:. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. p. 5. 7858:"Letter of Ignatius of Antioch to the Romans" 7713:(Lumen Gentium, Pope Paul VI 1964, Chapter 3) 7345:"The Role of the Vatican in the Modern World" 7301: 7240: 6817:Published every year by the Roman Curia, the 5782: 5748: 3792:and thereafter, by the Roman emperors, until 3248:, who was in turn followed by Argentine-born 2850:of the Bible who directed the affairs of the 2635:As recorded by Eusebius, Clement worked with 1622: 1269: 21410:Traditional ecclesiastical jurisdictions of 13230: 11236: 10671:"Prescription against Heretics (Chapter 28)" 10575: 10573: 10428: 9686: 9648: 8868:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 8401: 7615: 7499: 7497: 7495: 7493: 7491: 7111: 7109: 6728:(December 897): reigned for 20 calendar days 6595:, the pope with the longest verifiable reign 6418:, which the LCMS places on its website. The 6222:Orthodox, Anglican and Old Catholic churches 5041:Undersecretaries for Relations with States: 4627:Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State 2726:(today's Algeria) and a contemporary of the 2200:, popes struggled with monarchs over power. 170:(Current and preferred residence of Francis) 32:For a chronological list of incumbents, see 22900: 22088:Ethiopian Orthodox Patriarchate of Ethiopia 19889:Permanent Observer to the Council of Europe 13381: 13064: 11419: 11417: 9916: 9576:"Where Is the Papacy in the Old Testament?" 9076:"Church Fathers: Letter 53 (St. Augustine)" 8657: 8540:. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005. 8497: 8238: 8236: 7959:The Catholic church: its origins and nature 7955: 7926:(in German), 1901, pp. 1 sqq., 161 sqq 7841: 7759:The Catholic church: its origins and nature 7755: 7445: 6962: 6947: 6939: 6263: 6190: 6115:List of diplomatic missions of the Holy See 5053:List of diplomatic missions of the Holy See 4745:List of diplomatic missions of the Holy See 4310: 3470:, Successor of the Prince of the Apostles, 3174:, with the newly elected pope borne in the 2422: 2407: 2358: 2215:, alienating France's enemies, such as the 2161:East–West Schism to Reformation (1054–1517) 2047:Conflict between the Emperor and the papacy 2014: 1978:. These humiliations, the weakening of the 1639: 1612: 1509: 1394:was conferred by Jesus, who gave Peter the 54: 22893: 22879: 22178: 22164: 21727:Coptic Catholic Patriarchate of Alexandria 21706:Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria 21389: 21375: 20626: 20612: 19477: 19463: 18354: 18340: 18194:International Alliance of Catholic Knights 16272: 16258: 15336: 15322: 13615: 13601: 13466: 13114:Saints and Sinners, a History of the Popes 12592:"Differing Attitudes Toward Papal Primacy" 12157:"Chile, Argentina Sign Protocol on Beagle" 10459:. Ndl.go.jp. 4 August 2005. Archived from 8530: 8314: 8312: 6752:(22 September – 18 October 1503) and 6682: 6495: 5755: 5741: 5669:Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes 4280:Among the principal duties of bishops the 3864:From 1863 to 2005, and again in 2024, the 3670:, which literally means "bridge builder" ( 3441: 2601:Augustine of Hippo, Letter 53, Paragraph 2 2406:as dogma, the only time a pope has spoken 1874:, the capital, wielded much power, in the 1276: 1262: 82: 22102:Eritrean Orthodox Patriarchate of Eritrea 21853:Chaldean Catholic Patriarchate of Baghdad 21694:Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria 21564:Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople 18810:Santi Martino e Sebastiano degli Svizzeri 18361: 13192: 12926: 12395:. McKiggan Hebert Lawyers. Archived from 12264:Dworkin, Anthony; Iliopoulos, Katherine. 12101:"The pope flashes his political passions" 11617:"Dictionary : Ring of the Fisherman" 11424:Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 11293:. Oxford University Press. Archived from 11028:. Oxford University Press. Archived from 11008:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities 10605:Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 10570: 9884:27 December 2019. Retrieved 24 July 2021. 9843:, Harvard University Press (1996), p. 99. 9830:15 February 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2021. 8797:. Yale University Press. pp. 47–48. 8721:. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005 8072:Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 7986: 7786: 7593:The Eucharistic Prayers of the Roman Rite 7506:Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church 7488: 7106: 7081: 6716:(April 896): reigned for 16 calendar days 6583: 6578: 6471: 6108: 5818:" are ecclesiastical terminology for the 4443:History of the Catholic Church since 1962 4244: 3163:along with his newly chosen regnal name. 2748:Optatus, The Schism of the Donatists, 2:2 2268:(1378–1417). It came to a close when the 1707:Sources suggest that at first, the terms 21758:Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem 21654:Melkite Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch 20218:Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls 15564:Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls 13483: 13359: 13285:. London: Marshall, Morgan & Scott. 13085: 13068:A Concise History of the Catholic Church 12409: 12386: 12232: 12154: 11757: 11414: 11379:. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2013. 11345:. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. p. 11021: 11015: 10936:. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2013. 10769:. New York: Paulist Press. p. 264. 10766:The Practical Prophet: Pastoral Writings 10763:Untener, Ken; Picken, Elizabeth (2007). 10406:. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2013. 10231:. Time.com. 3 April 2005. Archived from 9957:24 January 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2021. 9807:30 October 2009. Retrieved 24 July 2021. 8829: 8384: 8382: 8298: 8296: 8233: 6686: 6587: 6478:superior general of the Society of Jesus 6358: 6343: 6194: 5946: 5766: 5589:Saints Martin and Sebastian of the Swiss 4248: 4202: 4188: 4041: 3911:" ("the Apostolic Lord") was also used. 3843: 3641: 3540: 3259: 3061: 3010: 2953: 2860: 2628:as the third bishop of Rome in his book 2299: 2164: 2129:Since the beginning of the 7th century, 1905: 1508:for rare occasions when the pope speaks 1382:is largely derived from his role as the 25:. For the pontiffs of ancient Rome, see 22186:Heads of state and government of Europe 21927:Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople 21646:Syriac Catholic Patriarchate of Antioch 21613:Syriac Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch 21579:Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople 15608:Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church 15603:Successor of the Prince of the Apostles 13525: 13445: 13218:. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner. 12634:Ian Paisley, The Pope is the Antichrist 12471: 12294:Immunity and International Criminal Law 12290: 12132:Postwar: a history of Europe since 1945 11875:The texts of these canons are given in 10701:"On the Veiling of Virgins (Chapter 1)" 10634:New Commentary on the Code of Canon Law 10554:Fanning, William Henry Windsor (1913). 10068:, 23 in the chronological rearrangement 9980:. 5 April 2005. Retrieved 25 July 2021. 9907:. 2 April 2005. Retrieved 24 July 2021. 9772:. Holy See Press Office. Archived from 8717:"Counter-Reformation". Cross, FL, ed., 8688: 8618: 8309: 6372:Passionary of the Christ and Antichrist 6353:Passionary of the Christ and Antichrist 6208:Passionary of the Christ and Antichrist 5444:Papal tombs in Old St. Peter's Basilica 4144: 3969: 3840:and similar important papal documents. 3678:) and which designated a member of the 3572:used "vicar of Christ" to refer to the 23228:30s establishments in the Roman Empire 23220: 21631:Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch 16653: 13413:. New York: Fordham University Press. 13365:A Short History of the Catholic Church 13341:Noble, Thomas; Strauss, Barry (2005). 13213: 13155: 13131: 12504: 12498: 12193: 12067: 11713:from the original on 23 September 2010 11687:from the original on 22 September 2020 11567:a letter in Italian dated 1 April 2014 11011:. London: J. Murray. pp. 939–942. 9967:"The Process of Electing the New Pope" 9737: 8882: 8833:The Letters of St. Cyprian of Carthage 8790: 8622:Printing, Propaganda and Martin Luther 8524: 8512: 8373: 8356: 8344: 7640: 7566:Greer, Thomas H.; Gavin Lewis (2004). 7540: 6846:Index of Vatican City-related articles 6278:and the USA National Committee of the 6226:Other traditional Christian churches ( 5494:Papal Concert to Commemorate the Shoah 5278:Papal Concert to Commemorate the Shoah 4984:Prefecture of the Pontifical Household 4565:Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches 2573:Ignatius of Antioch, Epistle to Romans 2296:Reformation to present (1517 to today) 1740:During the 1st century of the Church ( 1615:Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum 1550: 1363:, and since 1929, of the much smaller 22874: 22159: 21370: 20607: 19955: 19458: 18335: 16253: 15317: 13596: 13403: 13258: 13180:Franzen, August; Dolan, John (1969). 13107: 13045: 12848:from the original on 17 November 2016 12667:An Exegesis of 2 Thessalonians 2:1–10 12598:from the original on 18 December 2018 12527: 12486:from the original on 23 February 2015 12440: 12355: 12098: 11957:from the original on 6 September 2014 11800:from the original on 24 December 2014 11739:from the original on 26 February 2020 11267:from the original on 22 November 2010 10997: 10908:from the original on 30 November 2011 10878:from the original on 27 November 2011 10813:from the original on 6 September 2014 10489:from the original on 30 November 2011 10214:. Boston: Walker & Company, 1984. 10162:from the original on 22 November 2019 9698: 9386:from the original on 13 November 2012 9294: 9256: 9175:from the original on 27 February 2023 8695:. Taylor & Francis. p. 301. 8579: 8379: 8293: 7829:from the original on 25 November 2019 7819:"Letter to the Corinthians (Clement)" 7734:from the original on 6 September 2014 7707: 7695:from the original on 6 September 2010 7620:. Government Institutes. p. xv. 7590: 7451: 7433:from the original on 25 December 2018 7403:from the original on 30 December 2012 7373:from the original on 30 December 2012 7035: 6337:from 2 Thessalonians 2:3–12, and the 6047:placed England under interdict until 5539:Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope 5298:Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences 5035:Secretary for Relations with States: 4500:Fundamental Law of Vatican City State 3772:Summus Pontifex Ecclesiae Universalis 3568:. Earlier still, in the 3rd century, 3070:" after the election of Pope Martin V 3031:, in a sequestered meeting called a " 2304:As part of the Catholic Reformation, 1809:Nicaea to East–West Schism (325–1054) 1498:broad secular and political influence 21995:Serbian Orthodox Patriarchate of Peć 21571:Latin Patriarchate of Constantinople 19245: 13425:from the original on 25 January 2022 13304:The Catholic Church: A Short History 13297: 13277: 12822:from the original on 15 January 2013 12752:from the original on 3 December 2015 12629:Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod 12245:from the original on 28 January 2023 12175:from the original on 2 December 2015 12155:Andersen, Martin (19 October 1984). 12129: 12111:from the original on 5 December 2022 12068:Byrnes, Timothy (26 November 2019). 11983:from the original on 15 October 2012 11927:Denzinger 3064 (old numbering, 1831) 11918:Denzinger 3058 (old numbering, 1825) 11909:Denzinger 3055 (old numbering, 1823) 11557:, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2013, 11529:from the original on 15 January 2021 11459:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 11249:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 10831: 10681:from the original on 17 October 2012 10566:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 10377:"Ecclesiastical Abbreviations" 10268:from the original on 15 January 2020 10212:Pope John Paul II: The People's Pope 9852:Menachery George, Vatican Adventure 9408: 9165:"Catholic Encyclopedia: St. Optatus" 9056:from the original on 7 December 2019 8983: 8811:from the original on 5 November 2022 8480:. Cambridge University Press. p. 6. 8457:The Catholic Church Through the Ages 8437:from the original on 4 February 2013 8411:Movimentos de Rennovação e Reforma 8229:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 7850: 7811: 7645:. Liturgical Press. pp. 28–29. 7568:A Brief History of the Western World 7314:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 7266: 7203:from the original on 18 January 2017 7013:: "In Phanar, on 25 July 1976, when 6420:Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod 6404:Lutheran Churches of the Reformation 6105:between the United States and Cuba. 4597:Corps of Gendarmerie of Vatican City 4220:, and the visible head of the whole 4153: 4004:, a mobile throne carried by twelve 3610:) and "Vicar of the Apostolic See" ( 3276:("vacant seat")—were promulgated by 3184:, the new pope was crowned with the 2529:, who was gloriously martyred; then 2110:, was only resolved in 1122, by the 1785:for observing Easter on the 14th of 1536:, with a vast network of charities. 23076:Church and state in medieval Europe 20493:Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi 16279: 15628:Sovereign of the Vatican City State 12778:from the original on 13 August 2020 12572:from the original on 13 August 2022 12387:McKiggan, John (27 November 2008). 12233:Chandler, Adam (17 December 2014). 12050:: Roman Catholic Church, History of 11066:Translated literally into Greek as 10192:from the original on 16 August 2023 9719:from the original on 16 August 2023 9380:Christian Classics Ethereal Library 8903:from the original on 16 August 2023 8886:Discussions in History and Theology 8850:from the original on 16 August 2023 8600:from the original on 19 August 2020 8561:from the original on 19 August 2020 8536:"Conciliar theory". Cross, FL, ed. 8074:, 1997 edition revised 2005, p. 211 7897:from the original on 6 January 2019 6506:Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria 6390:("insofar as") subscription to the 6234:, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the 6119:Under international law, a serving 5867:Sovereign of the Vatican City State 5850:, who served from 2017 until 2024. 5104:Institute for the Works of Religion 5084:The Holy See and the United Nations 3134:camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church 2560:(died c. 108/140 AD) wrote in his " 2473:Cyprian of Carthage, Letter 55, 8.4 2455:(c. 251 AD), which is addressed to 2033:, held orgies of debauchery in the 1493:, and the defence of human rights. 16:Visible head of the Catholic Church 13: 21919:Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem 21765:Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem 20685:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 20498:Basilica of Saint Anthony of Padua 20208:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 15549:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 15526:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 13587:The Authority of the Pope: Part II 13490:. New York: Simon & Schuster. 13439: 13046:Barry, Rev. Msgr. John F. (2002). 12985:from the original on 30 April 2023 12665:, 2 Thessalonians chapter two and 12542:from the original on 8 August 2022 12422:from the original on 13 April 2013 12410:Winfield, Nicole (30 March 2010). 12080:from the original on 21 March 2023 11657:from the original on 19 March 2021 11627:from the original on 28 March 2019 11383:from the original on 18 March 2013 10783:from the original on 19 March 2021 10651:from the original on 19 March 2021 10485:. Acronyms.thefreedictionary.com. 10323:Brown, Andrew (11 February 2013). 10119: 9817:"A quick course in 'Conclave 101'" 9750:from the original on 6 August 2020 9586:from the original on 16 March 2023 9556:from the original on 28 March 2013 9552:. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 9366: 9304:Word Pictures of the New Testament 9145:from the original on 17 March 2023 9115:from the original on 29 April 2023 9086:from the original on 28 March 2023 8994:from the original on 22 March 2023 8772:from the original on 29 March 2023 8742:from the original on 29 March 2023 8699:from the original on 19 March 2021 8639:from the original on 19 March 2021 8551:"Fall of Constantinople | Summary" 8322:. Barnes & Noble. pp. 14, 21. 8306:. Milão. Editora Principato. 1986. 8302:Gaeta, Franco; Villani, Pasquale. 8119:from the original on 30 April 2015 7543:Evangelical Dictionary of Theology 7531:, Houghton Mifflin: Boston, p. 236 7423:"The World's Most Powerful People" 7393:"The World's Most Powerful People" 7363:"The World's Most Powerful People" 7282:O papa tem poder temporal absoluto 6891:Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church 6308:papal claim to unlimited authority 6210:. The pope is signing and selling 6055:to the pope, complete with yearly 5991:the Frankish ruler Charlemagne as 5793:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 5654:Collection of Modern Religious Art 4680:List of newspapers in Vatican City 4622:Association of Vatican Lay Workers 4505:Capital punishment in Vatican City 3992:(better known in the Italian form 3637: 1520:'—to issue a formal definition of 616:Administrative and pastoral titles 238:Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran 14: 23284: 23243:Episcopacy in the Catholic Church 23043:Norman conquest of southern Italy 22762:Sovereign Military Order of Malta 22432:Sovereign Military Order of Malta 21910:Armenian Catholicosate of Cilicia 21816:Latin Catholic titular episcopate 21623:Armenian Catholicosate of Cilicia 20276:Pontifical North American College 19838:Section for Relations with States 19091:Postage stamps and postal history 13581:The Authority of the Pope: Part I 13548: 13246:from the original on 8 April 2012 13023:(Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2012 12888:. For objection to this, see the 12748:. Concordia Lutheran Conference. 12708:Passional Christi und Antichristi 12311:from the original on 28 July 2020 12268:. Crimesofwar.org. Archived from 12214:from the original on 14 June 2023 12194:Hooper, John (17 December 2014). 12099:Toosi, Nahal (18 February 2016). 11477:from the original on 3 March 2021 11040:– via perseus.uchicago.edu. 10940:from the original on 13 June 2013 10519:from the original on 11 July 2017 10437:from the original on 25 July 2013 10410:from the original on 12 June 2013 10335:from the original on 1 March 2013 10132:from the original on 18 July 2021 10101:from the original on 19 July 2018 10080:, equivalent to a temporal clause 9925:from the original on 25 July 2021 9668:from the original on 15 July 2017 9542:O'Connor, Daniel William (2013). 9446: 9205:from the original on 9 April 2023 8965:from the original on 1 March 2023 8096:Cambridge History of Christianity 8084:Cambridge History of Christianity 7883:O'Connor, Daniel William (2013). 7570:. Cengage Learning. p. 172. 7508:, Oxford University Press, 2005, 7141: 7129:from the original on 3 March 2021 7056:"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Pope" 6861:List of current Christian leaders 6825:and some mid-11th-century popes. 6412:Church of the Lutheran Confession 6306:. What Lutherans understood as a 5853: 5831:narrative of Jews of the ancient 5649:Gallery of Sistine Chapel ceiling 5109:Telephone numbers in Vatican City 5004:Section for Relations with States 4740:Foreign relations of the Holy See 4695:.va (Vatican City internet sites) 4109: 2822:the keys of the kingdom of heaven 2677:The Prescription Against Heretics 2433: 1607:in an Old English translation of 1417:. It is the Holy See that is the 23205: 23193: 23166: 22138: 21719:Latin Patriarchate of Alexandria 21351: 21350: 20633: 20586: 20574: 19970:Extraordinary general assemblies 19437: 19425: 19232:Philatelic and Numismatic Office 18316: 18315: 18304: 18272:Society of Saint Vincent de Paul 17820:Criticism of the Catholic Church 16232: 16220: 15295: 15284: 15283: 13454:. Princeton, N.J: Van Nostrand. 13050:. New York: William H. Sadlier. 13014: 12997: 12971: 12959:from the original on 5 July 2013 12945: 12914: 12895: 12860: 12834: 12808: 12790: 12764: 12738: 12720: 12701: 12679: 12646: 12610: 12584: 12528:Hymas, Charles (6 August 2022). 12505:Pentin, Edward (15 April 2010). 12475:"Is the Holy See above the law?" 12465: 12434: 12403: 12380: 12368:from the original on 24 May 2010 12349: 12323: 12284: 12257: 12226: 12187: 12148: 12123: 12092: 12061: 12038: 12019: 12007: 11995: 11969: 11939: 11930: 11921: 11912: 11903: 11869: 11812: 11782: 11751: 11725: 11699: 11669: 11639: 11609: 11597:from the original on 7 July 2014 11579: 11541: 11511: 11489: 11463: 11453:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 11440: 11395: 11363: 11326: 11309: 11279: 11253: 11243:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 11098: 11060: 11044: 10976:Bryn Mawr Classical review, 2003 10952: 10920: 10890: 10864: 10852:from the original on 26 May 2013 10825: 10795: 10756: 10735: 10723: 10711:from the original on 20 May 2013 10693: 10663: 10598: 10560:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 10531: 10501: 10475: 10457:"Contractions and Abbreviations" 10449: 10422: 10390: 10380:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 10367: 10347: 10316: 10304:from the original on 16 May 2020 10290: 10280: 10258:"Global Catholic Network | EWTN" 10217: 10204: 10174: 10144: 10113: 10083: 10071: 10023:William Smith, Samuel Cheetham, 10003: 9991:Universi Dominici Gregis, No. 89 9983: 9960: 9937: 9910: 9887: 9865: 9846: 9833: 9810: 9788: 9762: 9731: 9705:. Liturgical Press. p. 96. 9692: 9654: 9631: 9620: 9609: 9598: 9568: 9516: 9497: 9478: 9462:from the original on 14 May 2013 9440: 9424:from the original on 14 May 2013 9420:. 1917 edition. StudyLight.org. 9402: 9360: 9344:from the original on 14 May 2013 9328: 9322: 9310:from the original on 14 May 2013 9288: 9272:from the original on 14 May 2013 9250: 8223:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 7864:from the original on 8 July 2011 7595:. Liturgical Press. p. 63. 7308:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 7179:"News from The Associated Press" 7122:Catechism of the Catholic Church 6901:List of popes who died violently 6813:nor in other lists of the popes. 6252:universal immediate jurisdiction 6166:sexual abuse by Catholic priests 6153:Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act 5872: 5722: 5710: 5334:Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore 4765:Holy See–United States relations 4473:Vatican City during World War II 4318: 4157: 3940: 3923: 3893:Other titles commonly used are " 3872:". This title was first used by 3378: 3100:dean of the College of Cardinals 2292:and ended the Byzantine Empire. 2280:(1272–1274) and secondly in the 2193:, and driving into Greek Italy. 1880:fall of the Western Roman Empire 1243: 907:Consecrated and professed titles 351: 324: 283: 97: 22043:Patriarchate of the East Indies 22027:Patriarchate of the West Indies 21773:Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem 21418:, sorted according to earliest 21300:Latin Church in the Middle East 20438:Papal Palace of Castel Gandolfo 20338:Pontifical Oratory of San Paolo 20318:Pontifical Minor Roman Seminary 20117:Latina-Terracina-Sezze-Priverno 16439:First seven ecumenical councils 13533:. London: Chatto & Windus. 13038: 12903:Smalcald Articles, Article four 12472:Roberts, Ivor (13 April 2010). 11447:Meehan, Andrew Brennan (1913). 10298:"Code of Canon Law – IntraText" 9239: 9228: 9217: 9187: 9157: 9127: 9098: 9068: 9038: 9006: 8977: 8947: 8915: 8876: 8823: 8784: 8754: 8724: 8711: 8682: 8651: 8612: 8573: 8543: 8470: 8449: 8423: 8276: 8257: 8210: 8198:Canons of the Council of Nicaea 8190: 8169: 8144: 8131: 8101: 8089: 8077: 8065: 8056: 8047: 8031:Emmanuel Clapsis, Papal Primacy 8023: 8011: 7980: 7943:, transmitted on 23 March 2008. 7937:The Secrets of the 12 Disciples 7930: 7916: 7876: 7780: 7716: 7681: 7672: 7659: 7634: 7609: 7584: 7559: 7545:. Baker Academic. p. 888. 7534: 7521: 7415: 7385: 7355: 7337: 7318: 7215: 7189: 7159:from the original on 7 May 2022 7003: 6994: 6969: 5504:Public holidays in Vatican City 5354:Fountains of St. Peter's Square 5288:Public holidays in Vatican City 5134:Financial Information Authority 4256:, wearing the traditional 1877 4074:with three gold crowns and red 3888: 3153:Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum! 3140:) and to receive his blessing. 2939:Election, death and resignation 2820:are a reference to the phrase " 2624:as Saint Peter's successor and 2497:who served from 174 to 189 AD. 1870:controlled the church, and the 1481:, modern popes are involved in 1465:was founded by Saint Peter and 1445:and the Holy See to ensure its 1401:While his office is called the 1378:From a Catholic viewpoint, the 149:Ecclesiastical Province of Rome 23268:Catholic ecclesiastical titles 23130:Separation of church and state 22035:Latin Patriarchate of Ethiopia 20127:Sora-Cassino-Aquino-Pontecorvo 18620:Stufetta del cardinal Bibbiena 18416:Vicar General for Vatican City 17014:Separation of church and state 15633:Servant of the servants of God 13565:The Holy See – The Holy Father 13505:Maxwell-Stuart, P. G. (1997). 13322:Loomis, Louise Ropes (2006) . 13261:Oxford Dictionary of the Popes 12356:Allen, John L. (21 May 2010). 11426:(Oxford University Press 2005 11076:Corpus Inscriptionum Graecarum 11055:Corpus Inscriptionum Atticarum 10966:, no. 39. (Brussels: Brepols) 10741:Faus, José Ignacio Gonzáles. " 10637:. Paulist Press. p. 432. 10607:(Oxford University Press 2005 10374:Shahan, Thomas Joseph (1907). 9699:Kelly, Joseph Francis (2009). 9104: 8625:. Fortress Press. p. 90. 8476:Riley-Smith, Jonathan (1997). 8389:História Global Brasil e Geral 8217:Chapman, Henry Palmer (1913). 8139:Oxford History of Christianity 7272:Faus, José Ignacio Gonzáles. " 7171: 7075: 7048: 6956: 6933: 6924: 6851:Legends surrounding the papacy 6836:Bishops in the Catholic Church 6460:Other uses of the title "Pope" 6396:Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod 6158:United States Court of Appeals 5774:, bishop of Rome, seated, and 5293:Pontifical Academy of Sciences 5124:Rail transport in Vatican City 5066:Vatican and Holy See passports 4655:Secretariat for Communications 4550:Tribunal of Vatican City State 4545:Temporal power of the Holy See 4149: 3808:Servant of the servants of God 3608:Vicarius Principis Apostolorum 3496:Servant of the servants of God 3429: 3331: 3147:announces from a balcony over 2837: 2607:Other early Christian mentions 2237:Popes also contended with the 2141:, asked for military aid from 1901: 1496:Over time, the papacy accrued 1: 21662:Latin Patriarchate of Antioch 20390:Pontifical Oriental Institute 18577:Monument to the Royal Stuarts 18473:Santo Stefano degli Ungheresi 13511:. London: Thames and Hudson. 12772:"The Brief Statement of 1932" 12441:Horne, Mark (10 April 2010). 10902:, Vatican City, 2008, p. 928" 9738:Effron, Lauren (March 2013). 9452:"Commentary on Matthew 16:18" 9414:"Commentary on Matthew 16:18" 9372:"Commentary on Matthew 16:18" 9338:Exposition of the Whole Bible 9334:"Commentary on Matthew 16:18" 9300:"Commentary on Matthew 16:18" 9262:"Commentary on Matthew 16:18" 8836:. Paulist Press. p. 38. 8791:Wilken, Robert Louis (2012). 8661:Encyclopedia Of Protestantism 8658:Hillerbrand, Hans J. (2004). 8619:Edwards, Mark U. Jr. (2004). 8433:. Portalsaofrancisco.com.br. 7284:, pp. 49–55. Edições Loyola. 7028: 6607: 6408:Concordia Lutheran Conference 6244:Independent Catholic churches 6075:in 1570 excommunicated Queen 5599:Santo Stefano degli Ungheresi 5379:Monument to the Royal Stuarts 4860:President: G. di Sanguinetto 4266: 3832:, who had assumed the title " 2387:and the Holy See established 1937: 1922: 1911: 1855:, and several other bishops. 1793:, a tradition handed down by 1741: 1697: 1661: 1380:primacy of the bishop of Rome 1058:Captain General of the Church 474:Assistant to the papal throne 23021:First Council of the Lateran 22956:Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor 20213:Basilica of Saint Mary Major 19484: 18871:Santo Stefano degli Abissini 15656:Coat of arms of the Holy See 15559:Basilica of Saint Mary Major 13065:Bokenkotter, Thomas (2004). 12461:– via Richard Dawkins. 11589:Ecclesiastical Abbreviations 11263:. Dictionary.reference.com. 11087:Liddell and Scott: ἀρχιερεύς 8883:Fisher, George Park (1880). 7082:Levillain, Philippe (2002). 6694:, the shortest-reigning pope 6679:, he is not included there. 6433: 6311:over everything and everyone 6175:campaigners and a prominent 6099:mediated the Beagle conflict 6043:to invade Ireland. In 1207, 5594:Santo Stefano degli Abissini 5194:Coat of arms of Vatican City 4760:Holy See–Palestine relations 4674:L'Osservatore della Domenica 4520:Legal status of the Holy See 3914: 3680:principal college of priests 3634:for a saint who was a pope. 3602:The title "vicar of Peter" ( 3151:the following proclamation: 2694:According to the same book, 2243:Catholic Ecumenical Councils 1961:approaching end of the world 1709: 1583: 1479:Christian faith and doctrine 1316: 7: 23016:First Battle of Langensalza 22961:Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor 20395:Pontifical Lombard Seminary 20271:Pontifical Urban University 19965:Ordinary general assemblies 19712:Cardinal Secretary of State 19260:Vatican Information Service 19100:Secretariat for the Economy 18956:Cardinal Secretary of State 18698:Modern and Contemporary Art 16158:Pontifical colleges in Rome 13446:Brusher, Joseph S. (1959). 13193:Granfield, Patrick (1987). 13093:. Oxford University Press. 12618:Statement on the Antichrist 11499:. The Pillar. 10 April 2024 11450:"Servus servorum Dei" 10037:Sparrow-Simpson translation 10035:, "elevated stalls" in the 9919:"The Ring of the Fisherman" 9376:Wesley's Notes on the Bible 9296:Robertson, Archibald Thomas 7924:Zeitschr. fur Kirchengesch. 7280:, pp. 64–65 and chapter 6: 7085:The Papacy: An Encyclopedia 6828: 6671:During the Western Schism, 6228:Assyrian Church of the East 5878:Coat of arms of the Vatican 5569:Cardinal Secretary of State 5374:Mater Ecclesiae (monastery) 5129:Secretariat for the Economy 5019:Status in international law 5014:Multilateral foreign policy 4777:Governorate of Vatican City 4690:Vatican Information Service 4582:LGBT rights in Vatican City 4453:Roman Historical Institutes 3494:of the Vatican City State, 3484:Archbishop and Metropolitan 3120:The new pope is led to the 3066:The formal declaration of " 2943: 2732:The Schism of the Donatists 2675:220 AD) wrote in his work " 2367:Victor Emmanuel II of Italy 2187:slight divergences of creed 1872:patriarch of Constantinople 1851:for his Trinitarian faith, 1429:which forms a geographical 1206:Order of the Holy Sepulchre 10: 23289: 23253:Religious leadership roles 22916:Atto (archbishop of Milan) 20488:Basilica of the Holy House 20112:Frosinone-Veroli-Ferentino 19520:Sovereignty and government 19390:Amateur Sports Association 18834:San Pellegrino in Vaticano 18761:Sant'Anna dei Palafrenieri 18311:Catholic Church portal 16239:Catholic Church portal 15473:properties of the Holy See 15343: 13589:(archived 21 October 2011) 13583:(archived 30 October 2011) 13467:Chamberlin, E. R. (1969). 13236:"Universi Dominici Gregis" 11074:(greatest high priest) in 11071: 10048:the Cunningham translation 9418:Scofield's Reference Notes 8018:The Early Christian Church 7616:O'Malley, John W. (2009). 7541:Elwell, Walter A. (2001). 6673:Avignon Pope Benedict XIII 6533:Macedonian Orthodox Church 6437: 6341:from Revelation 13:11–18. 6298:. Not only dissidents and 6284:Catholic–Lutheran dialogue 6270:Historicism (Christianity) 6267: 6133:diplomatic representatives 6112: 5857: 5814:The names "Holy See" and " 5783:Residence and jurisdiction 5529:Sant'Anna dei Palafrenieri 5524:San Pellegrino in Vaticano 5159:Properties of the Holy See 4192: 3976:Papal regalia and insignia 3973: 3903:Santísimo/Santissimo Padre 3899:Beatísimo/Beatissimo Padre 3853: 3847: 3747: 3707: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3612:Vicarius Sedis Apostolicae 3445: 3335: 2947: 2757: 2525:was appointed; after him, 2426: 2308:(1534–1549) initiated the 1812: 1623:Position within the Church 1575: 1554: 1543: 1539: 1433:within the conurbation of 1339:. He is also known as the 1305: 1250:Catholic Church portal 164:(Official papal residence) 31: 20: 23161: 23143: 23063: 23033:Saxon revolt of 1077–1088 22984: 22908: 22851: 22831: 22800: 22532: 22521: 22501: 22470: 22202: 22191: 22133: 22112: 22067: 22012: 21953: 21879: 21834: 21794: 21787: 21737: 21672: 21589: 21542: 21506: 21486: 21465: 21408: 21340: 21322:Eastern Catholic Churches 21287: 21201: 21154: 21093: 21080: 21055: 20987: 20909: 20794: 20731: 20656: 20641: 20569: 20514: 20445:Gardens of the Villa Cybo 20428: 20298:Palace of the Holy Office 20288:Palazzo della Cancelleria 20260:Palace of Saint Callixtus 20230: 20193: 20183: 20172: 20153: 20082: 20059: 20011: 19983: 19927: 19822: 19770: 19740: 19694: 19667: 19541: 19529:Sovereign judicial entity 19492: 19420: 19382: 19352: 19334: 19282:Vatican Television Center 19154: 19145: 19113: 19061: 19052: 19019: 18967: 18940: 18902: 18893: 18800:Mater Ecclesiae Monastery 18678: 18589: 18514: 18510: 18501: 18424: 18373: 18299: 18237:Aid to the Church in Need 18227: 18084: 17897: 17858:Vatican Television Center 17833: 17743: 17633: 17503:Eastern Catholic Churches 17484: 17373: 17266: 17213: 17138: 17109: 17034: 16959: 16894: 16839: 16758: 16628: 16542: 16474: 16419: 16338: 16315: 16287: 16215: 16114: 16032: 15958: 15932: 15835: 15742: 15689: 15641: 15572: 15539: 15489: 15368: 15351: 15279: 15206: 15146: 15085: 15076: 14890: 14604: 14203: 13907: 13701: 13634: 13577:(archived 6 October 2011) 13214:Grisar, Hartmann (1912). 13162:The Story of Civilization 13138:The Story of Civilization 13117:. Yale University Press. 12873:19 September 2015 at the 12717:Full view on Google Books 12694:12 September 2007 at the 12661:12 September 2007 at the 12639:16 September 2017 at the 11977:"the Jubilee Declaration" 10832:Shaw, Russell B. (1979). 10483:"What Does PP Stand For?" 10431:"Lexicon Abbreviaturarum" 10227:The Path to a New Pontiff 9544:"Saint Peter the Apostle" 9266:Commentary on the Gospels 8889:. Scribner. p. 147. 8318:Le Goff, Jacques (2000). 8042:Orthodoxy in Conversation 7962:. Paulist Press. p. 7885:"Saint Peter the Apostle" 7860:. Crossroads Initiative. 7762:. Paulist Press. p. 7466:10.1080/14650040903420388 7305:"Papal Arbitration" 6805:, which according to the 6569:Palmarian Catholic Church 6543:, Russian "папа римский" 6521:Bulgarian Orthodox Church 6512:" and the latter called " 6280:Lutheran World Federation 6164:decided that a case over 5931: 5923: 5913: 5903: 5893: 5883: 5871: 5866: 5384:Palace of the Holy Office 5364:Geography of Vatican City 5258:Languages of Vatican City 5119:Transport in Vatican City 4848:President: Pio Vito Pinto 4750:Holy See–Israel relations 4710:Vatican Television Center 4468:Vatican Historical Museum 3868:also included the title " 3545:"Vicar of Jesus Christ" ( 3474:of the Universal Church, 3414: 3406: 3398: 3386: 3377: 3364: 3357: 3328:) follows the interment. 3212:"Annos Petri non-videbis" 2828:, to describe Peter. The 2816:The symbolic keys in the 2649:Second Epistle to Timothy 2230:, reducing one's time in 2173:lasted from 1378 to 1417. 1974:'s representative in the 1789:, the date of the Jewish 1327:'father') is the 1083:Gonfalonier of the Church 311: 303: 291: 282: 269: 258: 253: 243: 233: 223: 213: 203: 193: 188: 177: 154: 142: 137: 125: 108: 96: 81: 77: 72: 68: 47: 22936:Gotofredo da Castiglione 21983:Patriarchate of Bulgaria 21968:Patriarchate of Aquileia 20386:Archaeological Institute 19571:Old St. Peter's Basilica 19566:Patrimony of Saint Peter 19561:History of papal primacy 19294:Vatican Publishing House 18599:Redemptoris Mater Chapel 18451:Old St. Peter's Basilica 18179:Communion and Liberation 17643:Eastern Catholic liturgy 16808:Mystici Corporis Christi 16736:Sixto-Clementine Vulgate 13575:Origins of Peter as Pope 13471:. New York: Dial Press. 13283:A Handbook on the Papacy 13240:Vatican Publishing House 13021:Annuario Pontificio 2012 12623:22 February 2013 at the 12449:. London. Archived from 12393:Sexual Abuse Claims Blog 12362:National Catholic Review 12291:Simbeye, Yitiha (2004). 11733:"The Vatican (Holy See)" 11572:24 February 2021 at the 11555:Annuario Pontificio 2013 10154:Universi Dominici Gregis 9859:14 December 2017 at the 9014:"Ignatius to the Romans" 8500:, pp. 140–141, 192. 8459:. Paulist Press. p. 94. 8269:27 February 2007 at the 8203:15 February 2012 at the 8098:, volume 1, 2006, p. 418 7278:Os papas repartem terras 7197:"Definition of Holy See" 6917: 6567:Church and the European 6386:("because") rather than 6264:Protestant denominations 6232:Oriental Orthodox Church 6191:Objections to the papacy 6103:improvement in relations 6085:in 1582 established the 6039:in 1155 authorized King 6009:coronation of Napoleon I 5860:Politics of Vatican City 5664:Redemptoris Mater Chapel 5584:Redemptoris Mater Chapel 5434:Old St. Peter's Basilica 5304:The Story of the Vatican 4935:Universi Dominici gregis 4923:Universi Dominici Gregis 4789:Military of Vatican City 4782:Governor of Vatican City 4755:Holy See–Italy relations 4700:Vatican Publishing House 4669:(Vatican City newspaper) 4436:2010 Vatican sex scandal 4431:Governor of Vatican City 4378:Congregation for Borders 4327:This article is part of 4311:Politics of the Holy See 3784:, similar in meaning to 3722:(the greatest pontiff). 3510:" ("pope and pontiff"). 3354:'s resignation in 1415. 3282:Universi Dominici Gregis 3255: 3203:Sic transit gloria mundi 3046:Universi Dominici Gregis 2620:260/265 – 339) mentions 2429:History of papal primacy 2423:Early Christian mentions 1815:Papacy in late antiquity 1373:elected on 13 March 2013 424:Chaplain of His Holiness 23006:Donation of Constantine 22902:Investiture Controversy 22637:Holy See (Vatican City) 22307:Holy See (Vatican City) 22145:Christianity portal 22097:(1992–2018; since 2019) 22081:Patriarchate of Romania 21989:Patriarchate of Georgia 21935:Patriarchate of Cilicia 21439:Eastern Orthodox Church 21070:Liturgical use of Latin 20696:Pierbattista Pizzaballa 20581:Vatican City portal 20313:Palace of the Vicariate 20107:Civitavecchia-Tarquinia 19631:Prisoner in the Vatican 19620:Investiture Controversy 19432:Vatican City portal 18844:Via della Conciliazione 18440:Prisoner in the Vatican 16994:Philosophy of canon law 16924:Mariology of the saints 16504:Investiture Controversy 16227:Vatican City portal 15097:During the Roman Empire 13484:Dollison, John (1994). 13199:. New York: Crossroad. 13184:A History of the Church 13071:. New York: Doubleday. 12908:10 October 2008 at the 12698:, Revelation Chapter 13 12297:. Ashgate. p. 94. 11886:3 February 2008 at the 11826:and in the articles on 11681:Society of Saint Pius X 11587:"Catholic Encyclopedia: 11376:Encyclopædia Britannica 11261:"Dictionary definition" 11025:A Greek English Lexicon 10981:7 November 2003 at the 10933:Encyclopædia Britannica 10557:"Vicar of Christ" 10513:Encyclopedia Britannica 10403:Encyclopædia Britannica 10091:"Profile: Pope Francis" 9651:, p. Introduction. 9549:Encyclopædia Britannica 9528:16 January 2014 at the 9509:16 January 2014 at the 9490:16 January 2014 at the 8732:"Authority of the Pope" 8555:Encyclopedia Britannica 8416:16 January 2012 at the 8177:The Birth of the Church 8175:Davidson, Ivor (2005). 8113:Encyclopedia Britannica 8036:3 December 2008 at the 7890:Encyclopædia Britannica 6856:List of canonized popes 6683:Shortest-reigning popes 6557:new religious movements 6529:Serbian Orthodox Church 6525:Russian Orthodox Church 6496:In the Eastern Churches 6368:Lucas Cranach the Elder 6204:Lucas Cranach the Elder 6149:U.S. Justice Department 5981:Donation of Constantine 5958:Though the progressive 5717:Vatican City portal 5644:Vatican Gallery of Maps 5509:Vatican Secret Archives 5469:Via della Conciliazione 5359:Gardens of Vatican City 5114:Tourism in Vatican City 4610:Politics and government 4571:Apostolic Constitution 4527:Alperin v. Vatican Bank 4397:Prisoner in the Vatican 4282:preaching of the Gospel 4137:and shoes, and a white 3442:Official list of titles 2999:following the death of 2865:A fresco of Eliakim in 2831:Encyclopædia Britannica 2183:Eastern Orthodox Church 2108:Investiture controversy 1829:First Council of Nicaea 1692:this meant is unclear. 1597:patriarch of Alexandria 144:Ecclesiastical province 23173:Catholicism portal 22577:Bosnia and Herzegovina 22247:Bosnia and Herzegovina 22057:Patriarchate of Lisbon 22050:Patriarchate of Moscow 22002:Patriarchate of Venice 21332:Western Rite Orthodoxy 20972:Santiago de Compostela 20901:1983 Code of Canon Law 20876:Protestant Reformation 20819:Historical development 20593:Catholicism portal 20549:Apostolic Penitentiary 20523:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 20470:Santa Maria di Galeria 19795:For Vatican City State 19444:Catholicism portal 19406:National football team 19400:National football team 19300:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 18992:For Vatican City State 18247:Catholic Charities USA 17881:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 17869:Vatican Polyglot Press 16919:Mariology of the popes 16557:Protestant Reformation 16072:for Vatican City State 15702:Apostolic constitution 15302:Catholic Church Portal 15162:Conflicts with the HRE 13450:Popes Through the Ages 12884:14 August 2014 at the 12032:14 August 2014 at the 10229:Retrieved: 2010-03-29" 10031:19 August 2020 at the 9105:al, Philip Schaff et. 9026:10.2307/j.ctvb936zj.10 8935:10.2307/j.ctt284z4s.75 8689:Osborne, John (1967). 7956:O'Grady, John (1997). 7756:O'Grady, John (1997). 7667:Historia Ecclesiastica 7641:Schatz, Klaus (1996). 7618:A History of the Popes 7591:Mazza, Enrico (2004). 7302:Jarrett, Bede (1913). 6963: 6948: 6940: 6815: 6695: 6596: 6584:Longest-reigning popes 6579:Lengths of papal reign 6502:Coptic Orthodox Church 6472:In the Catholic Church 6380:Confessional Lutherans 6375: 6356: 6339:Beast out of the Earth 6327: 6215: 6109:International position 6077:Elizabeth I of England 5955: 5835:living as captives in 5779: 5729:Catholicism portal 5679:Sistine Chapel ceiling 5474:Vatican Climate Forest 5399:Saint Peter's Basilica 5268:Vatican Christmas Tree 4587:Pontifical Swiss Guard 4560:1983 Code of Canon Law 4494:Acta Apostolicae Sedis 4301: 4273: 4245:Second Vatican Council 4242: 4208: 4166:This section is empty. 4051: 3951:during his pontificate 3813: 3775: 3771: 3719: 3667: 3662:" is derived from the 3655: 3582:Leo I, King of Armenia 3500: 3344:1983 Code of Canon Law 3269: 3071: 3024: 2990:Second Council of Lyon 2969: 2936: 2922: 2907: 2893: 2870: 2812: 2801: 2790: 2760:Primacy of Simon Peter 2751: 2711: 2692: 2660: 2604: 2576: 2562:Epistle to the Romans" 2553: 2476: 2408: 2359: 2343:European nation states 2313: 2278:Second Council of Lyon 2255:Protestant Reformation 2174: 2015: 1929: 1779: 1640: 1613: 1518:chair (of Saint Peter) 1510: 1367:. The current pope is 1297: 701:Diocesan administrator 419:Moderator of the curia 55: 36:. For other uses, see 23273:Religion and politics 23238:Ecclesiastical titles 23200:Roman Catholic Church 23091:Divine right of kings 22976:Rudolf of Rheinfelden 21976:Patriarchate of Grado 21638:Maronite Patriarchate 21346:Doctors of the Church 20809:History of the papacy 20668:Patriarch of the West 20377:San Carlo ai Catinari 20348:Paul VI Audience Hall 20334:Benedictine monastery 20281:Bambino Gesù Hospital 20051:Sabina-Poggio Mirteto 19255:Holy See Press Office 19040:Corps of Firefighters 18815:Paul VI Audience Hall 18766:Domus Sanctae Marthae 18538:St. Peter's Baldachin 18468:Cortile del Belvedere 18434:History of the papacy 18001:Good Shepherd Sisters 17843:Holy See Press Office 17081:Doctors of the Church 16914:Immaculate Conception 16869:Anointing of the Sick 16404:History of the papacy 16195:Sexually active popes 16146:Pontifical university 15890:Ring of the Fisherman 15729:Ecclesiastical letter 15724:Apostolic exhortation 15613:Patriarch of the West 15598:Vicar of Jesus Christ 15078:History of the papacy 13391:. London: J. Hodges. 13259:Kelly, J. N. (1986). 13157:Durant, William James 13133:Durant, William James 12672:21 March 2014 at the 11897:23 April 2013 at the 11456:Catholic Encyclopedia 11246:Catholic Encyclopedia 11237:Joyce, G. H. (1913). 11057:3.43, 3.428 und 3.458 10872:"Medieval Sourcebook" 10563:Catholic Encyclopedia 10383:Catholic Encyclopedia 9978:christianitytoday.com 8455:Vidmar, John (2005). 8320:Medieval Civilization 8244:Os Santos de Cada Dia 8226:Catholic Encyclopedia 8220:"Pope Liberius" 8156:www.christianunity.va 7987:Stevenson, J (1957). 7787:Stevenson, J (1957). 7669:Book VII, chapter 7.4 7527:Asimov, Isaac (1967) 7311:Catholic Encyclopedia 7015:Patriarch Athenegoras 6985:Treaty of Tordesillas 6886:Prophecy of the Popes 6793: 6690: 6591: 6362: 6347: 6313:reminded them of the 6288: 6206:, from Luther's 1521 6198: 6067:Treaty of Tordesillas 5950: 5820:ordinary jurisdiction 5770: 5609:Cortile del Belvedere 5514:St. Peter's Baldachin 5449:Paul VI Audience Hall 5349:Domus Sanctae Marthae 5273:Sport in Vatican City 5263:Women in Vatican City 5246:Music of Vatican City 4735:Fabric of Saint Peter 4685:Vatican Radio lawsuit 4660:Holy See Press Office 4648:Pontifical Commission 4510:Crime in Vatican City 4448:History of the Papacy 4278: 4252: 4214: 4206: 4189:First Vatican Council 4045: 3982:Ring of the Fisherman 3870:patriarch of the West 3850:Patriarch of the West 3844:Patriarch of the West 3739:High Priest of Israel 3706:), or Ancient Greek: 3645: 3547:Vicarius Iesu Christi 3541:Vicar of Jesus Christ 3476:Patriarch of the West 3468:Vicar of Jesus Christ 3460: 3303:Ring of the Fisherman 3280:in his 1996 document 3263: 3065: 3014: 2957: 2926: 2912: 2897: 2883: 2864: 2808: 2797: 2785: 2740: 2700: 2681: 2641: 2639:as his "co-laborer". 2593: 2566: 2499: 2461: 2347:First Vatican Council 2303: 2168: 2147:Byzantine–Seljuq wars 1909: 1860:Edict of Thessalonica 1768: 1753:authoritative primacy 1735:Epistle to the Romans 1546:History of the papacy 1516:—literally 'from the 1437:, established by the 836:Protonotary apostolic 366:Ecclesiastical titles 168:Domus Sanctae Marthae 38:Pope (disambiguation) 23086:College of Cardinals 22926:Antipope Clement III 22801:Partially recognised 22471:Partially recognised 22095:Patriarchate of Kyiv 21065:Ecclesiastical Latin 20836:Early African church 20804:Apostolic succession 20203:St. Peter's Basilica 19896:Apostolic nunciature 19755:College of Cardinals 19750:Secretariat of State 19316:L'Osservatore Romano 19225:Sistine Chapel Choir 19029:Corps of Gendarmerie 18854:Porta San Pellegrino 18805:Sant'Egidio in Borgo 18533:Chair of Saint Peter 18525:St. Peter's Basilica 18493:Piazza Scossacavalli 17874:L'Osservatore Romano 17812:Role in civilisation 17538:Croatian and Serbian 17286:Episcopal conference 17248:St. Peter's Basilica 16606:Sexual abuse scandal 16562:Catholic Reformation 16190:Popes by nationality 16106:Sistine Chapel Choir 16040:College of Cardinals 15671:Regalia and insignia 15554:St. Peter's Basilica 15240:Revolutionary Papacy 15234:Age of Enlightenment 13531:The Popes: A History 13527:Norwich, John Julius 13345:. Houghton Mifflin. 13343:Western Civilization 13234:(22 February 1996). 13188:. Herder and Herder. 12938:21 June 2006 at the 12890:Concordia Cyclopedia 12798:"Doctrinal Position" 12713:19 July 2019 at the 12685:See See Kretzmann's 12055:16 July 2011 at the 12048:Concordia Cyclopedia 12003:Apostolic succession 11796:. 2 September 2013. 11407:3 March 2013 at the 11053:23.1.2 and 32.22.5; 10579:McBrien, Richard P. 10210:Sullivan, George E. 10053:28 June 2011 at the 10042:5 March 2016 at the 9996:8 April 2012 at the 9972:25 July 2021 at the 9955:americamagazine.org. 9949:25 July 2021 at the 9899:25 July 2021 at the 9877:13 July 2021 at the 9839:Thomas J. Reese SJ, 9822:25 July 2021 at the 9800:25 July 2021 at the 8580:Boyer, Paul (2009). 6428:Western Christianity 6248:Council of Chalcedon 6135:of a head of state. 5799:. He also possesses 5619:Porta San Pellegrino 5554:Bibliotheca Palatina 5404:Saint Peter's Square 5324:Apostolic nunciature 5251:Sistine Chapel Choir 4801:College of Cardinals 4717:Secretariat of State 4666:L'Osservatore Romano 4145:Status and authority 4104:flag of Vatican City 4034:was discontinued by 4026:was discontinued by 3970:Regalia and insignia 3834:ecumenical patriarch 3535:Eastern Christianity 3519:bishop of Alexandria 3290:College of Cardinals 3172:St. Peter's Basilica 3145:cardinal protodeacon 3077:Saint Peter's Square 3041:Papal conclave, 2005 2961:Delivery of the Keys 2771:apostolic succession 2490:Against Heresies III 2417:Primacy of St. Peter 2374:unification of Italy 2328:Catholic Reformation 2317:Protestant Reformers 2270:Council of Constance 2191:Exarchate of Ravenna 1917:), in a painting by 1876:Western Roman Empire 1868:Eastern Roman Empire 1843:, who was exiled to 1776:Ravenna Document, 41 1696:Early Christianity ( 1650:The writings of the 1073:Commissary Apostolic 706:Ecclesiastical judge 686:Defender of the bond 22832:Unrecognised states 22502:Unrecognised states 21824:Archbishop of Tunis 21275:Pre-Tridentine Mass 20886:Counter-Reformation 20648:order of precedence 20554:Apostolic Signatura 20382:Collegio Bellarmino 20254:Adjoining buildings 19829:Multilateral policy 19307:Annuario Pontificio 19159:Academy of Sciences 18718:Gregoriano Egiziano 18209:Neocatechumenal Way 18174:Charismatic Renewal 17888:Annuario Pontificio 17486:Particular churches 17162:Ecumenical councils 16934:Perpetual virginity 16769:Communitas perfecta 16713:Sermon on the Mount 15087:Antiquity and Early 14891:17th–21st centuries 14605:13th–16th centuries 13405:Walsh, James Joseph 12868:Baltimore Catechism 12734:on 21 January 2019. 12536:The Daily Telegraph 12130:Judt, Tony (2006). 12027:Medieval Sourcebook 11892:English translation 11760:"From red to white" 11621:catholicculture.org 11550:Annuario Pontificio 11519:"Encyclical letter 11335:Acquah-Dadzie, Kofi 11291:Oxford Dictionaries 11092:21 May 2013 at the 10745:" (Edições Loyola. 10463:on 10 December 2011 10354:Annuario Pontificio 10126:The Washington Post 10097:. 1 December 2017. 9018:Ignatius of Antioch 8478:The First Crusaders 8347:, pp. 517–551. 8179:. Monarch. p. 341. 7155:. 27 October 2021. 7153:theconversation.com 6819:Annuario Pontificio 6785:Annuario Pontificio 6315:apocalyptic imagery 6236:Old Catholic Church 6156:November 2008, the 6129:diplomatic immunity 6072:Regnans in Excelsis 6065:in 1493 led to the 6051:made his kingdom a 6041:Henry II of England 6007:was present at the 5825:ubi Papa, ibi Curia 5544:Vatican Observatory 5318:Buildings/geography 5182:List of Papal flags 4770:Papal apocrisiarius 4199:Papal infallibility 3908:Dominus Apostolicus 3866:Annuario Pontificio 3814:servus servorum Dei 3768:Annuario Pontificio 3733:translation of the 3551:Annuario Pontificio 3455:Annuario Pontificio 2818:Papal coats of arms 2585:Annuario Pontificio 2557:Ignatius of Antioch 2444:Cyprian of Carthage 2355:papal infallibility 2326:Popes instituted a 2282:Council of Florence 2151:council of Clermont 1982:in the face of the 1910:Gregory the Great ( 1864:Nicene Christianity 1825:Peace of the Church 1795:John the Evangelist 1669:Ignatius of Antioch 1551:Title and etymology 1506:papal infallibility 1487:interfaith dialogue 1384:apostolic successor 1201:Knights Hospitaller 1190:Organization titles 995:Provincial superior 568:Territorial prelate 370:order of precedence 118:since 13 March 2013 27:College of Pontiffs 22994:Concordat of Worms 22966:Matilda of Tuscany 22951:Henry I of England 22737:Russian Federation 22407:Russian Federation 21840:Seleucia-Ctesiphon 21451:Oriental Orthodoxy 21132:Extraordinary form 21042:Isidore of Seville 21030:Augustine of Hippo 21007:Hilary of Poitiers 20723:Francesco Moraglia 20705:Filipe Neri Ferrão 20323:Collegio Teutonico 20240:Lateran University 20084:Suffragan dioceses 20061:Territorial abbeys 20031:Porto-Santa Rufina 20013:Suburbicarian sees 19975:Special assemblies 19870:Permanent Observer 19071:Vatican euro coins 18866:Saint John's Tower 18839:St. Peter's Square 18788:Collegio Teutonico 18771:Holy Spirit Chapel 18733:Bramante Staircase 18713:Gregoriano Etrusco 18555:Saint Peter's tomb 18550:Vatican Necropolis 18409:List of sovereigns 18046:Premonstratensians 16429:Ante-Nicene period 16307:Lists of Catholics 16141:Pontifical academy 16136:Orders of chivalry 15222:Reformation Papacy 15216:Renaissance Papacy 15158:(1012–1044 / 1048) 15111:Ostrogothic Papacy 14204:9th–12th centuries 13383:Pastor, Ludwig von 13279:Kerr, William Shaw 13232:John Paul II, Pope 12942:, Espresso Online. 12804:on 19 August 2007. 12688:Popular Commentary 12655:Popular Commentary 12566:Littleton Chambers 12507:"Arrest the Pope?" 12399:on 22 August 2016. 12337:on 28 January 2011 11856:Pope Callixtus III 11764:Osservatore Romano 11333:Adeleye, Gabriel; 11078:2.2696 and 3.346; 11072:ἀρχιερεὺς μέγιστος 10429:Adriano Cappelli. 10011:Augustine of Hippo 9944:"Papal Transition" 9532:. Behind the Name. 9458:. StudyLight.org. 9340:. StudyLight.org. 9306:. StudyLight.org. 9268:. StudyLight.org. 6871:Papal inauguration 6811:Liber Pontificalis 6696: 6597: 6376: 6366:, by the Lutheran 6357: 6240:Anglican Communion 6216: 6181:Geoffrey Robertson 6125:sovereign immunity 6087:Gregorian calendar 5977:Pippin the Younger 5956: 5801:a summer residence 5780: 5489:Vatican Necropolis 5459:Torre San Giovanni 5409:Saint Peter's tomb 5344:Bramante Staircase 5307:, 1941 documentary 5149:Vatican euro coins 4930:(Papal elections) 4835:Dominique Mamberti 4828:Court of Cassation 4292:College of Bishops 4274: 4209: 4052: 3822:Benedict of Nursia 3818:Augustine of Hippo 3802:bishop of Carthage 3725:In Christian use, 3656: 3307:personal apartment 3270: 3149:St. Peter's Square 3072: 3025: 2970: 2871: 2846:, a figure in the 2580:Augustine of Hippo 2537:; then after him, 2404:Assumption of Mary 2391:as an independent 2314: 2217:Kingdom of England 2175: 2139:Alexios I Komnenos 2120:Pope Alexander III 2112:Concordat of Worms 2104:Henry I of England 1994:turn from Emperor 1959:, ghosts, and the 1930: 1799:Easter controversy 1455:Catholic tradition 1365:Vatican City State 923:Consecrated virgin 444:Apostolic delegate 23181: 23180: 23123:Donation of Pepin 23103:Holy Roman Empire 23081:Clerical celibacy 22921:Pope Callixtus II 22868: 22867: 22847: 22846: 22533:UN members 22517: 22516: 22203:UN members 22153: 22152: 21949: 21948: 21945: 21944: 21783: 21782: 21364: 21363: 21283: 21282: 21197: 21196: 21051: 21050: 20790: 20789: 20601: 20600: 20510: 20509: 20506: 20505: 20468:antennae area of 20459:Summer estate of 20424: 20423: 20356: 20355: 20328:Teutonic Cemetery 20226: 20225: 20189: 20188: 20185: 20166: 20149: 20148: 20145: 20144: 20102:Civita Castellana 20005: 19949: 19923: 19922: 19688: 19625:Age of Revolution 19598:Donation of Pepin 19593:Donation of Sutri 19533:international law 19452: 19451: 19412:Vatican Athletics 19378: 19377: 19330: 19329: 19186:Apostolic Archive 19141: 19140: 19048: 19047: 18911:Foreign relations 18889: 18888: 18861:Ricciolo d'Italia 18829:Passetto di Borgo 18793:Teutonic Cemetery 18746: 18745: 18604:Borgia Apartments 18585: 18584: 18565:Tomb of the Julii 18329: 18328: 17739: 17738: 17132: 16955: 16954: 16647: 16624: 16623: 16616:COVID-19 pandemic 16586:French Revolution 16576:Thirty Years' War 16484:Islamic conquests 16397:Apostolic fathers 16332: 16247: 16246: 16014:Prelate of Honour 15581: 15485: 15484: 15481: 15480: 15311: 15310: 15275: 15274: 15167:Wandering Papacy 15130:Saeculum obscurum 15103:Under Constantine 13908:5th–8th centuries 13702:1st–4th centuries 13686:papal resignation 13540:978-0-7011-8290-8 13518:978-0-500-01798-2 13497:978-0-671-88615-8 13374:978-1-85182-125-9 13352:978-0-618-43277-6 13333:978-1-889758-86-2 13314:978-0-8129-6762-3 13270:978-0-19-190935-1 13263:. Prentice Hall. 13206:978-0-8245-0839-5 13172:978-0-671-61050-0 13148:978-0-671-01200-7 13124:978-0-300-07332-4 13100:978-0-19-822928-5 13078:978-0-385-50584-0 13057:978-0-8215-2207-3 13029:978-88-209-8722-0 13009:978-88-209-8722-0 12517:on 20 April 2010. 12511:Zenit News Agency 12141:978-0-14-303775-0 11770:on 17 August 2014 11563:978-88-209-9070-1 11432:978-0-19-280290-3 11356:978-0-86516-423-9 11321:978-88-209-8021-4 10845:978-0-87973-669-9 10776:978-0-8091-4429-7 10644:978-0-8091-4066-4 10613:978-0-19-280290-3 10583:(original title: 10362:978-88-209-8722-0 10078:Ablative absolute 9917:Catholic Online. 9712:978-0-8146-5376-0 9689:, pp. 88–89. 9687:John Paul II 1996 9649:John Paul II 1996 9513:. Dictionary.com. 9169:www.newadvent.org 9139:www.newadvent.org 9080:www.newadvent.org 9050:www.newadvent.org 8959:www.newadvent.org 8896:978-0-7905-4033-7 8843:978-0-8091-0369-0 8804:978-0-300-11884-1 8632:978-1-4514-1399-1 8593:978-0-674-02861-6 8527:, pp. 26–57. 8486:978-0-511-00308-0 8420:. 1 October 2009. 8397:978-85-02-05256-7 8252:978-85-356-0648-5 8137:Chadwick, Henry, 8062:(Clapsis, p. 113) 8053:(Clapsis, p. 102) 8004:978-0-281-00802-5 7973:978-0-8091-3740-4 7804:978-0-281-00802-5 7773:978-0-8091-3740-4 7652:978-0-8146-5522-1 7627:978-1-58051-227-5 7602:978-0-8146-6078-2 7577:978-0-534-64236-5 7552:978-0-8010-2075-9 7515:978-0-19-280290-3 7369:. November 2014. 7333:978-84-413-2489-3 7235:978-0-465-01195-7 7185:on 15 March 2013. 7099:978-0-415-92228-9 7019:the visiting pope 6082:Inter gravissimas 5997:Holy Roman Empire 5973:Donation of Sutri 5945: 5944: 5848:Angelo De Donatis 5765: 5764: 5685:The Last Judgment 5614:Passetto di Borgo 5604:Teutonic Cemetery 5454:Tomb of the Julii 5389:Palazzi Pontifici 5339:Borgia Apartments 5071:Visa requirements 5043:Antoine Camilleri 4997:Foreign relations 4942:Recent conclaves 4642:Giuseppe Bertello 4463:Vatileaks scandal 4408:Law of Guarantees 4361:Donation of Pepin 4186: 4185: 4036:Pope John Paul II 4030:. The use of the 3949:Pope Benedict XVI 3947:The signature of 3930:The signature of 3826:Gregory the Great 3741:(in the original 3698:, Ancient Greek: 3694:, Ancient Greek: 3690:, Ancient Greek: 3578:Pope Innocent III 3566:Byzantine emperor 3427: 3426: 3338:Papal resignation 3278:Pope John Paul II 3266:Pope John Paul II 3180:. After a solemn 3051:Pope Benedict XVI 2877:According to the 2480:Irenaeus of Lyons 2245:over the pope's. 2224:Treasury of Merit 2213:Kingdom of France 2131:Islamic conquests 2116:Pope Callixtus II 2093:clerical celibacy 2062:clerical marriage 2017:Saeculum obscurum 1976:Italian Peninsula 1972:Byzantine emperor 1968:exarch of Ravenna 1759:outside of Rome. 1570:derives from the 1423:international law 1349:sovereign pontiff 1335:of the worldwide 1326: 1314: 1286: 1285: 1022:Additional titles 958:Master of novices 647:Military ordinary 642:Military chaplain 583:Liturgical titles 573:Territorial abbot 469:Apostolic prefect 454:Apostolic visitor 319: 318: 265: 264: 103:Holy See (Emblem) 23280: 23210: 23209: 23208: 23198: 23197: 23196: 23189: 23171: 23170: 23038:Gregorian Reform 23027:In nomine Domini 22941:Pope Gregory VII 22895: 22888: 22881: 22872: 22871: 22530: 22529: 22200: 22199: 22180: 22173: 22166: 22157: 22156: 22143: 22142: 22120:Apostolic Throne 22103: 22089: 22074: 22019: 22014:Early Modern era 21960: 21928: 21920: 21911: 21899: 21889: 21845: 21808: 21792: 21791: 21766: 21751: 21707: 21687: 21624: 21614: 21604: 21580: 21557: 21520: 21504: 21503: 21500: 21484: 21483: 21480: 21452: 21447: 21436: 21391: 21384: 21377: 21368: 21367: 21354: 21353: 21164:Benedictine Rite 21152: 21151: 21091: 21090: 21082:Liturgical rites 20907: 20906: 20881:Council of Trent 20866:Age of Discovery 20846:East–West Schism 20654: 20653: 20628: 20621: 20614: 20605: 20604: 20591: 20590: 20579: 20578: 20577: 20481:extraterritorial 20476: 20475: 20454:Adjacent gardens 20414:Nympheum of Nero 20363:extraterritorial 20358: 20357: 20250:Sancta Sanctorum 20228: 20227: 20191: 20190: 20184: 20181: 20180: 20170: 20169: 20158: 20009: 20008: 19990: 19987:province of Rome 19953: 19952: 19934: 19785:Apostolic Camera 19692: 19691: 19674: 19556:Primacy of Peter 19479: 19472: 19465: 19456: 19455: 19442: 19441: 19430: 19429: 19428: 19289:Vatican News App 19243: 19242: 19152: 19151: 19059: 19058: 18982:Apostolic Camera 18900: 18899: 18876:Vatican Pharmacy 18821:The Resurrection 18638:Niccoline Chapel 18628:Cappella Paolina 18614:Papal apartments 18591:Apostolic Palace 18572:Vatican Grottoes 18521: 18520: 18512: 18511: 18508: 18507: 18356: 18349: 18342: 18333: 18332: 18319: 18318: 18309: 18308: 18051:Redemptoristines 17899:Religious orders 17825:Anti-Catholicism 17775:Church buildings 17635:Catholic liturgy 17375:Consecrated life 17233:Apostolic Palace 17200:Synod of Bishops 17136: 17135: 17112: 16718:Ten Commandments 16651: 16650: 16633: 16534:Age of Discovery 16368:Great Commission 16336: 16335: 16320: 16274: 16267: 16260: 16251: 16250: 16237: 16236: 16225: 16224: 16223: 16062:Apostolic Camera 16019:Prince assistant 15945:Sedia gestatoria 15618:Primate of Italy 15577: 15508:Papal apartments 15503:Apostolic Palace 15470:extraterritorial 15426: 15425: 15375: 15374: 15338: 15331: 15324: 15315: 15314: 15299: 15287: 15286: 15207:Early Modern and 15117:Byzantine Papacy 15083: 15082: 13617: 13610: 13603: 13594: 13593: 13544: 13522: 13501: 13480: 13463: 13453: 13434: 13432: 13430: 13400: 13378: 13356: 13337: 13318: 13307:. Random House. 13294: 13274: 13255: 13253: 13251: 13227: 13210: 13189: 13187: 13176: 13152: 13128: 13104: 13082: 13061: 13032: 13018: 13012: 13001: 12995: 12994: 12992: 12990: 12975: 12969: 12968: 12966: 12964: 12949: 12943: 12930: 12924: 12918: 12912: 12899: 12893: 12864: 12858: 12857: 12855: 12853: 12838: 12832: 12831: 12829: 12827: 12812: 12806: 12805: 12794: 12788: 12787: 12785: 12783: 12768: 12762: 12761: 12759: 12757: 12742: 12736: 12735: 12724: 12718: 12705: 12699: 12683: 12677: 12652:See Kretzmann's 12650: 12644: 12614: 12608: 12607: 12605: 12603: 12588: 12582: 12581: 12579: 12577: 12568:. 26 July 2022. 12558: 12552: 12551: 12549: 12547: 12533: 12525: 12519: 12518: 12513:. Archived from 12502: 12496: 12495: 12493: 12491: 12477: 12469: 12463: 12462: 12460: 12458: 12453:on 23 April 2014 12438: 12432: 12431: 12429: 12427: 12407: 12401: 12400: 12384: 12378: 12377: 12375: 12373: 12353: 12347: 12346: 12344: 12342: 12327: 12321: 12320: 12318: 12316: 12288: 12282: 12281: 12279: 12277: 12272:on 9 August 2011 12261: 12255: 12254: 12252: 12250: 12230: 12224: 12223: 12221: 12219: 12191: 12185: 12184: 12182: 12180: 12152: 12146: 12145: 12127: 12121: 12120: 12118: 12116: 12096: 12090: 12089: 12087: 12085: 12065: 12059: 12042: 12036: 12025:Quoted from the 12023: 12017: 12011: 12005: 11999: 11993: 11992: 11990: 11988: 11973: 11967: 11966: 11964: 11962: 11943: 11937: 11934: 11928: 11925: 11919: 11916: 11910: 11907: 11901: 11873: 11867: 11836:Pope Clement VII 11816: 11810: 11809: 11807: 11805: 11794:Catholic Culture 11786: 11780: 11779: 11777: 11775: 11766:. Archived from 11755: 11749: 11748: 11746: 11744: 11729: 11723: 11722: 11720: 11718: 11703: 11697: 11696: 11694: 11692: 11683:. 2 April 2020. 11673: 11667: 11666: 11664: 11662: 11643: 11637: 11636: 11634: 11632: 11613: 11607: 11606: 11604: 11602: 11583: 11577: 11545: 11539: 11538: 11536: 11534: 11515: 11509: 11508: 11506: 11504: 11493: 11487: 11486: 11484: 11482: 11467: 11461: 11460: 11452: 11444: 11438: 11436:Pontifex Maximus 11421: 11412: 11402:Pontifex Maximus 11399: 11393: 11392: 11390: 11388: 11367: 11361: 11360: 11344: 11330: 11324: 11313: 11307: 11306: 11304: 11302: 11297:on 27 April 2013 11283: 11277: 11276: 11274: 11272: 11257: 11251: 11250: 11242: 11234: 11228: 11102: 11096: 11073: 11064: 11058: 11048: 11042: 11041: 11039: 11037: 11019: 11013: 11012: 10995: 10986: 10956: 10950: 10949: 10947: 10945: 10924: 10918: 10917: 10915: 10913: 10894: 10888: 10887: 10885: 10883: 10868: 10862: 10861: 10859: 10857: 10829: 10823: 10822: 10820: 10818: 10799: 10793: 10792: 10790: 10788: 10760: 10754: 10739: 10733: 10727: 10721: 10720: 10718: 10716: 10697: 10691: 10690: 10688: 10686: 10667: 10661: 10660: 10658: 10656: 10628: 10619: 10602: 10596: 10577: 10568: 10567: 10559: 10551: 10540: 10535: 10529: 10528: 10526: 10524: 10505: 10499: 10498: 10496: 10494: 10479: 10473: 10472: 10470: 10468: 10453: 10447: 10446: 10444: 10442: 10426: 10420: 10419: 10417: 10415: 10394: 10388: 10387: 10379: 10371: 10365: 10351: 10345: 10344: 10342: 10340: 10320: 10314: 10313: 10311: 10309: 10294: 10288: 10284: 10278: 10277: 10275: 10273: 10254: 10245: 10244: 10242: 10240: 10221: 10215: 10208: 10202: 10201: 10199: 10197: 10188:. 5 April 2005. 10178: 10172: 10171: 10169: 10167: 10148: 10142: 10141: 10139: 10137: 10117: 10111: 10110: 10108: 10106: 10087: 10081: 10075: 10069: 10015:absides gradatae 10007: 10001: 9987: 9981: 9964: 9958: 9941: 9935: 9934: 9932: 9930: 9914: 9908: 9891: 9885: 9869: 9863: 9850: 9844: 9837: 9831: 9814: 9808: 9792: 9786: 9785: 9783: 9781: 9766: 9760: 9759: 9757: 9755: 9735: 9729: 9728: 9726: 9724: 9696: 9690: 9684: 9678: 9677: 9675: 9673: 9664:. 3 March 2013. 9658: 9652: 9646: 9640: 9635: 9629: 9624: 9618: 9613: 9607: 9602: 9596: 9595: 9593: 9591: 9580:Catholic Answers 9572: 9566: 9565: 9563: 9561: 9539: 9533: 9520: 9514: 9501: 9495: 9482: 9476: 9475: 9469: 9467: 9444: 9438: 9437: 9431: 9429: 9406: 9400: 9399: 9393: 9391: 9364: 9358: 9357: 9351: 9349: 9326: 9320: 9319: 9317: 9315: 9292: 9286: 9285: 9279: 9277: 9254: 9248: 9243: 9237: 9232: 9226: 9224:Matthew 16:18–19 9221: 9215: 9214: 9212: 9210: 9199:Catholic Answers 9191: 9185: 9184: 9182: 9180: 9161: 9155: 9154: 9152: 9150: 9131: 9125: 9124: 9122: 9120: 9102: 9096: 9095: 9093: 9091: 9072: 9066: 9065: 9063: 9061: 9042: 9036: 9035: 9034: 9032: 9010: 9004: 9003: 9001: 8999: 8981: 8975: 8974: 8972: 8970: 8951: 8945: 8944: 8943: 8941: 8919: 8913: 8912: 8910: 8908: 8880: 8874: 8873: 8867: 8859: 8857: 8855: 8827: 8821: 8820: 8818: 8816: 8788: 8782: 8781: 8779: 8777: 8766:Catholic Answers 8758: 8752: 8751: 8749: 8747: 8728: 8722: 8715: 8709: 8708: 8706: 8704: 8686: 8680: 8679: 8655: 8649: 8648: 8646: 8644: 8616: 8610: 8609: 8607: 8605: 8577: 8571: 8570: 8568: 8566: 8547: 8541: 8534: 8528: 8522: 8516: 8515:, pp. 3–25. 8510: 8501: 8498:Bokenkotter 2004 8495: 8489: 8474: 8468: 8453: 8447: 8446: 8444: 8442: 8427: 8421: 8408: 8399: 8386: 8377: 8371: 8360: 8354: 8348: 8342: 8331: 8316: 8307: 8300: 8291: 8280: 8274: 8261: 8255: 8240: 8231: 8230: 8222: 8214: 8208: 8194: 8188: 8173: 8167: 8166: 8164: 8162: 8148: 8142: 8135: 8129: 8128: 8126: 8124: 8105: 8099: 8093: 8087: 8086:, volume 1, 2006 8081: 8075: 8069: 8063: 8060: 8054: 8051: 8045: 8027: 8021: 8015: 8009: 8008: 7984: 7978: 7977: 7953: 7944: 7934: 7928: 7927: 7920: 7914: 7913: 7910: 7904: 7902: 7880: 7874: 7873: 7871: 7869: 7854: 7848: 7845: 7839: 7838: 7836: 7834: 7815: 7809: 7808: 7784: 7778: 7777: 7753: 7744: 7743: 7741: 7739: 7720: 7714: 7711: 7705: 7704: 7702: 7700: 7685: 7679: 7676: 7670: 7663: 7657: 7656: 7638: 7632: 7631: 7613: 7607: 7606: 7588: 7582: 7581: 7563: 7557: 7556: 7538: 7532: 7529:The Roman Empire 7525: 7519: 7518: 7501: 7486: 7485: 7449: 7443: 7442: 7440: 7438: 7419: 7413: 7412: 7410: 7408: 7399:. January 2013. 7389: 7383: 7382: 7380: 7378: 7359: 7353: 7352: 7347:. Archived from 7341: 7335: 7322: 7316: 7315: 7307: 7299: 7293: 7270: 7264: 7261: 7238: 7228: 7221:Collins, Roger. 7219: 7213: 7212: 7210: 7208: 7193: 7187: 7186: 7181:. Archived from 7175: 7169: 7168: 7166: 7164: 7145: 7139: 7138: 7136: 7134: 7113: 7104: 7103: 7092:. p. 1227. 7079: 7073: 7072: 7070: 7068: 7052: 7046: 7044: 7039: 7022: 7011:Joseph Ratzinger 7007: 7001: 6998: 6992: 6973: 6967: 6966: 6964:Romanus pontifex 6960: 6954: 6953: 6945: 6942:pontifex maximus 6937: 6931: 6928: 6795:On the death of 6623:St. John Paul II 6612: 6609: 6398:(LCMS), adopted 6282:in the official 5960:Christianization 5941: 5938: 5927:11 February 1929 5908:Apostolic Palace 5876: 5864: 5863: 5833:Kingdom of Judah 5797:Apostolic Palace 5757: 5750: 5743: 5727: 5726: 5715: 5714: 5713: 5564:Cappella Paolina 5549:Vatican Pharmacy 5479:Vatican Heliport 5429:Niccoline Chapel 5414:Lateran Basilica 5394:Papal Apartments 5329:Apostolic Palace 5214:Papal coronation 4952: 4843:Court of Appeals 4811: 4576: 4426: 4322: 4315: 4314: 4271: 4268: 4263:sedia gestatoria 4181: 4178: 4168:You can help by 4161: 4154: 4032:sedia gestatoria 4028:Pope John Paul I 4001:Sedia gestatoria 3944: 3927: 3883:Eastern Churches 3782:Pontifex Maximus 3753:Roman Pontifical 3750: 3749: 3737:to indicate the 3720:Pontifex Maximus 3709: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3555:vicarius Christi 3415:Posthumous style 3382: 3372: 3367: 3362: 3361: 3177:sedia gestatoria 3168:papal coronation 3130:Fisherman's Ring 3015:The conclave in 2934: 2920: 2905: 2891: 2749: 2709: 2690: 2674: 2670: 2658: 2619: 2602: 2574: 2551: 2495:Pope Eleutherius 2486: 2474: 2450: 2411: 2385:Kingdom of Italy 2364: 2336:Council of Trent 2310:Council of Trent 2179:East–West Schism 2149:. Urban, at the 2089:Gregorian Reform 2085:Pope Gregory VII 2020: 1984:Muslim conquests 1980:Byzantine Empire 1942: 1939: 1927: 1924: 1916: 1913: 1777: 1764:Ravenna Document 1746: 1743: 1712: 1702: 1699: 1666: 1663: 1645: 1618: 1586: 1580: 1579: 1527: 1515: 1441:in 1929 between 1419:sovereign entity 1321: 1319: 1309: 1307: 1278: 1271: 1264: 1248: 1247: 1223:Grand Inquisitor 1211:Teutonic Knights 1088:Honorary Prelate 1010:Superior general 799:Personal prelate 787:Assistant pastor 696:Devil's advocate 546:Auxiliary bishop 541:Coadjutor bishop 531:Suffragan bishop 521:Major archbishop 464:Apostolic exarch 449:Apostolic Syndic 439:Apostolic nuncio 355: 343:Hierarchy of the 328: 321: 320: 287: 277: 272: 267: 266: 182:Apostolic Palace 162:Apostolic Palace 120: 101: 86: 58: 56:Pontifex maximus 45: 44: 23288: 23287: 23283: 23282: 23281: 23279: 23278: 23277: 23218: 23217: 23216: 23206: 23204: 23194: 23192: 23184: 23182: 23177: 23165: 23157: 23139: 23059: 23055:Walk to Canossa 23011:Excommunication 22986: 22980: 22971:Pope Paschal II 22946:Guido da Velate 22904: 22899: 22869: 22864: 22843: 22827: 22818:Northern Cyprus 22796: 22712:North Macedonia 22534: 22524: 22513: 22497: 22488:Northern Cyprus 22466: 22382:North Macedonia 22204: 22194: 22187: 22184: 22154: 22149: 22137: 22129: 22108: 22101: 22087: 22072: 22071: 22069:Late Modern era 22063: 22017: 22016: 22008: 21958: 21957: 21941: 21926: 21918: 21909: 21897: 21887: 21875: 21843: 21842: 21830: 21802: 21779: 21764: 21745: 21733: 21705: 21681: 21680: 21668: 21622: 21612: 21598: 21597: 21585: 21578: 21551: 21550: 21538: 21514: 21496: 21493: 21491: 21490: 21478: 21477: 21471: 21468: 21461: 21450: 21442: 21434: 21430:Catholic Church 21423: 21404: 21395: 21365: 21360: 21336: 21279: 21269:Missa Venatoria 21193: 21189:Norbertine Rite 21179:Cistercian Rite 21174:Carthusian Rite 21150: 21127:Tridentine Mass 21123:(Ordinary form) 21121:Mass of Paul VI 21086:Liturgical days 21084: 21076: 21047: 20983: 20905: 20786: 20727: 20688: 20645: 20637: 20632: 20602: 20597: 20585: 20575: 20573: 20565: 20534:Papal household 20502: 20480: 20474: 20430: 20420: 20406:Sant'Apollinare 20404:Two Palaces of 20400:Russian College 20362: 20352: 20222: 20195:Major basilicas 20174: 20163: 20160: 20157: 20141: 20078: 20055: 20000: 19989: 19986: 19979: 19943: 19939: 19933: 19930: 19919: 19848:Of the Holy See 19843:To the Holy See 19826: 19824:Foreign affairs 19818: 19766: 19736: 19682: 19679: 19676: 19673: 19671:judicial entity 19670: 19663: 19537: 19515:Diocese of Rome 19488: 19483: 19453: 19448: 19436: 19426: 19424: 19416: 19374: 19348: 19344:Catholic Church 19326: 19241: 19237:Public holidays 19137: 19109: 19044: 19015: 18963: 18936: 18931:Fundamental Law 18885: 18751:Gregorian Tower 18742: 18680:Vatican Museums 18674: 18609:Clementine Hall 18581: 18497: 18420: 18369: 18360: 18330: 18325: 18303: 18295: 18274: 18257:Relief Services 18223: 18169:Catholic Action 18159:Military orders 18096:Confraternities 18088:of the faithful 18087: 18080: 17902: 17893: 17829: 17735: 17629: 17488: 17480: 17413:Prior, Prioress 17369: 17262: 17258:Vatican Museums 17209: 17142: 17128: 17124: 17120: 17116: 17111: 17105: 17030: 16984:Social teaching 16951: 16890: 16835: 16790:One true church 16754: 16731:Sixtine Vulgate 16727:Official Bible 16641: 16637: 16632: 16620: 16538: 16470: 16415: 16385:Petrine primacy 16328: 16324: 16319: 16311: 16283: 16281:Catholic Church 16278: 16248: 16243: 16231: 16221: 16219: 16211: 16180:Canonised popes 16110: 16101:Cappella Giulia 16028: 15992:Papal majordomo 15954: 15928: 15831: 15738: 15685: 15637: 15576: 15568: 15541:Major basilicas 15535: 15477: 15432: 15424: 15406:Diocese of Rome 15381: 15364: 15347: 15342: 15312: 15307: 15271: 15254:(1929–present) 15208: 15202: 15156:Tusculan Papacy 15148: 15142: 15123:Frankish Papacy 15088: 15072: 14886: 14600: 14199: 13903: 13697: 13630: 13628:Catholic Church 13621: 13551: 13541: 13519: 13498: 13442: 13440:Further reading 13437: 13428: 13426: 13375: 13353: 13334: 13315: 13271: 13249: 13247: 13207: 13173: 13149: 13125: 13101: 13087:Chadwick, Henry 13079: 13058: 13041: 13036: 13035: 13019: 13015: 13002: 12998: 12988: 12986: 12977: 12976: 12972: 12962: 12960: 12951: 12950: 12946: 12940:Wayback Machine 12933:Sandro Magister 12931: 12927: 12919: 12915: 12910:Wayback Machine 12900: 12896: 12892:, pp. 564, 750. 12886:Wayback Machine 12875:Wayback Machine 12865: 12861: 12851: 12849: 12840: 12839: 12835: 12825: 12823: 12814: 12813: 12809: 12796: 12795: 12791: 12781: 12779: 12770: 12769: 12765: 12755: 12753: 12744: 12743: 12739: 12726: 12725: 12721: 12715:Wayback Machine 12706: 12702: 12696:Wayback Machine 12684: 12680: 12674:Wayback Machine 12663:Wayback Machine 12651: 12647: 12641:Wayback Machine 12625:Wayback Machine 12615: 12611: 12601: 12599: 12590: 12589: 12585: 12575: 12573: 12560: 12559: 12555: 12545: 12543: 12526: 12522: 12503: 12499: 12489: 12487: 12470: 12466: 12456: 12454: 12439: 12435: 12425: 12423: 12408: 12404: 12385: 12381: 12371: 12369: 12354: 12350: 12340: 12338: 12329: 12328: 12324: 12314: 12312: 12305: 12289: 12285: 12275: 12273: 12262: 12258: 12248: 12246: 12231: 12227: 12217: 12215: 12192: 12188: 12178: 12176: 12161:Washington Post 12153: 12149: 12142: 12128: 12124: 12114: 12112: 12097: 12093: 12083: 12081: 12066: 12062: 12057:Wayback Machine 12046:selection from 12043: 12039: 12034:Wayback Machine 12024: 12020: 12012: 12008: 12000: 11996: 11986: 11984: 11975: 11974: 11970: 11960: 11958: 11945: 11944: 11940: 11935: 11931: 11926: 11922: 11917: 11913: 11908: 11904: 11899:Wayback Machine 11888:Wayback Machine 11874: 11870: 11860:Pope Nicholas V 11828:Pope Julius III 11817: 11813: 11803: 11801: 11788: 11787: 11783: 11773: 11771: 11756: 11752: 11742: 11740: 11731: 11730: 11726: 11716: 11714: 11705: 11704: 11700: 11690: 11688: 11675: 11674: 11670: 11660: 11658: 11645: 11644: 11640: 11630: 11628: 11615: 11614: 11610: 11600: 11598: 11585: 11584: 11580: 11574:Wayback Machine 11546: 11542: 11532: 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Fordham.edu. 10870: 10869: 10865: 10855: 10853: 10846: 10830: 10826: 10816: 10814: 10801: 10800: 10796: 10786: 10784: 10777: 10761: 10757: 10740: 10736: 10728: 10724: 10714: 10712: 10699: 10698: 10694: 10684: 10682: 10669: 10668: 10664: 10654: 10652: 10645: 10629: 10622: 10617:Vicar of Christ 10603: 10599: 10578: 10571: 10552: 10543: 10536: 10532: 10522: 10520: 10507: 10506: 10502: 10492: 10490: 10481: 10480: 10476: 10466: 10464: 10455: 10454: 10450: 10440: 10438: 10433:. p. 283. 10427: 10423: 10413: 10411: 10396: 10395: 10391: 10372: 10368: 10352: 10348: 10338: 10336: 10321: 10317: 10307: 10305: 10296: 10295: 10291: 10285: 10281: 10271: 10269: 10256: 10255: 10248: 10238: 10236: 10235:on 6 April 2005 10223: 10222: 10218: 10209: 10205: 10195: 10193: 10180: 10179: 10175: 10165: 10163: 10152:"John Paul II. 10150: 10149: 10145: 10135: 10133: 10118: 10114: 10104: 10102: 10089: 10088: 10084: 10076: 10072: 10055:Wayback Machine 10044:Wayback Machine 10033:Wayback Machine 10008: 10004: 9998:Wayback Machine 9988: 9984: 9974:Wayback Machine 9965: 9961: 9951:Wayback Machine 9942: 9938: 9928: 9926: 9915: 9911: 9901:Wayback Machine 9892: 9888: 9882:ncregister.com. 9879:Wayback Machine 9870: 9866: 9861:Wayback Machine 9851: 9847: 9838: 9834: 9824:Wayback Machine 9815: 9811: 9802:Wayback Machine 9793: 9789: 9779: 9777: 9768: 9767: 9763: 9753: 9751: 9736: 9732: 9722: 9720: 9713: 9697: 9693: 9685: 9681: 9671: 9669: 9660: 9659: 9655: 9647: 9643: 9636: 9632: 9625: 9621: 9614: 9610: 9603: 9599: 9589: 9587: 9574: 9573: 9569: 9559: 9557: 9540: 9536: 9530:Wayback Machine 9521: 9517: 9511:Wayback Machine 9502: 9498: 9492:Wayback Machine 9483: 9479: 9465: 9463: 9445: 9441: 9427: 9425: 9407: 9403: 9389: 9387: 9365: 9361: 9347: 9345: 9327: 9323: 9313: 9311: 9293: 9289: 9275: 9273: 9258:Lightfoot, John 9255: 9251: 9244: 9240: 9233: 9229: 9222: 9218: 9208: 9206: 9193: 9192: 9188: 9178: 9176: 9163: 9162: 9158: 9148: 9146: 9133: 9132: 9128: 9118: 9116: 9103: 9099: 9089: 9087: 9074: 9073: 9069: 9059: 9057: 9044: 9043: 9039: 9030: 9028: 9012: 9011: 9007: 8997: 8995: 8982: 8978: 8968: 8966: 8953: 8952: 8948: 8939: 8937: 8921: 8920: 8916: 8906: 8904: 8897: 8881: 8877: 8861: 8860: 8853: 8851: 8844: 8828: 8824: 8814: 8812: 8805: 8789: 8785: 8775: 8773: 8760: 8759: 8755: 8745: 8743: 8730: 8729: 8725: 8716: 8712: 8702: 8700: 8687: 8683: 8676: 8668:. p. 124. 8656: 8652: 8642: 8640: 8633: 8617: 8613: 8603: 8601: 8594: 8578: 8574: 8564: 8562: 8549: 8548: 8544: 8535: 8531: 8523: 8519: 8511: 8504: 8496: 8492: 8475: 8471: 8454: 8450: 8440: 8438: 8429: 8428: 8424: 8418:Wayback Machine 8409: 8402: 8387: 8380: 8372: 8363: 8355: 8351: 8343: 8334: 8317: 8310: 8301: 8294: 8281: 8277: 8271:Wayback Machine 8264:Theodosian Code 8262: 8258: 8241: 8234: 8215: 8211: 8205:Wayback Machine 8195: 8191: 8174: 8170: 8160: 8158: 8150: 8149: 8145: 8136: 8132: 8122: 8120: 8107: 8106: 8102: 8094: 8090: 8082: 8078: 8070: 8066: 8061: 8057: 8052: 8048: 8044:(2000), p. 110) 8040:, extract from 8038:Wayback Machine 8028: 8024: 8016: 8012: 8005: 7985: 7981: 7974: 7954: 7947: 7935: 7931: 7922: 7921: 7917: 7908: 7900: 7898: 7881: 7877: 7867: 7865: 7856: 7855: 7851: 7846: 7842: 7832: 7830: 7817: 7816: 7812: 7805: 7785: 7781: 7774: 7754: 7747: 7737: 7735: 7722: 7721: 7717: 7712: 7708: 7698: 7696: 7687: 7686: 7682: 7677: 7673: 7664: 7660: 7653: 7639: 7635: 7628: 7614: 7610: 7603: 7589: 7585: 7578: 7564: 7560: 7553: 7539: 7535: 7526: 7522: 7516: 7503: 7502: 7489: 7450: 7446: 7436: 7434: 7421: 7420: 7416: 7406: 7404: 7391: 7390: 7386: 7376: 7374: 7361: 7360: 7356: 7343: 7342: 7338: 7323: 7319: 7300: 7296: 7271: 7267: 7262: 7241: 7226: 7220: 7216: 7206: 7204: 7195: 7194: 7190: 7177: 7176: 7172: 7162: 7160: 7147: 7146: 7142: 7132: 7130: 7115: 7114: 7107: 7100: 7088:. Vol. 2. 7080: 7076: 7066: 7064: 7054: 7053: 7049: 7042: 7040: 7036: 7031: 7026: 7025: 7008: 7004: 6999: 6995: 6974: 6970: 6961: 6957: 6950:summus pontifex 6938: 6934: 6929: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6831: 6823:Pope Benedict V 6766:Bl. John Paul I 6685: 6659:St. Sylvester I 6610: 6586: 6581: 6553: 6498: 6474: 6462: 6446: 6438:Main articles: 6436: 6416:Brief Statement 6392:Book of Concord 6272: 6266: 6224: 6193: 6117: 6111: 6031:excommunication 5935: 5914:First Sovereign 5879: 5862: 5856: 5805:Castel Gandolfo 5785: 5761: 5721: 5711: 5709: 5692: 5691: 5687:by Michelangelo 5639:Vatican Museums 5634: 5632:Vatican Museums 5624: 5623: 5559:Cappella Giulia 5369:Gregorian Tower 5319: 5311: 5310: 5241:Vatican Library 5236:Vatican Museums 5231: 5221: 5220: 5172: 5164: 5163: 5099: 5089: 5088: 5080: 5062: 5049: 4999: 4989: 4988: 4977:Papal Gentleman 4972:Papal household 4966: 4950: 4911:Diocese of Rome 4894:Catholic Church 4877: 4867: 4866: 4861: 4849: 4837: 4809: 4729: 4644: 4612: 4602: 4601: 4569: 4536:Doe v. Holy See 4488: 4478: 4477: 4424: 4390:Capture of Rome 4350: 4340: 4313: 4269: 4247: 4222:militant Church 4201: 4195:Papal supremacy 4193:Main articles: 4191: 4182: 4176: 4173: 4152: 4147: 4123:Dominican order 4112: 3978: 3972: 3956: 3955: 3954: 3953: 3952: 3945: 3936: 3935: 3934: 3928: 3917: 3891: 3874:Pope Theodore I 3862: 3852: 3846: 3830:John the Faster 3810: 3786:Summus Pontifex 3776:summus pontifex 3729:appears in the 3640: 3638:Supreme pontiff 3620:Pope Gregory II 3543: 3472:Supreme Pontiff 3450: 3444: 3432: 3407:Religious style 3388:Reference style 3370: 3368: 3365: 3360: 3340: 3334: 3258: 2966:Pietro Perugino 2952: 2946: 2941: 2935: 2932: 2921: 2918: 2906: 2903: 2892: 2889: 2840: 2766:Catholic Church 2762: 2756: 2750: 2747: 2728:Donatist schism 2710: 2707: 2696:Clement of Rome 2691: 2688: 2672: 2668: 2659: 2656: 2652:fellow-soldier. 2617: 2609: 2603: 2600: 2575: 2572: 2552: 2549: 2484: 2475: 2472: 2448: 2436: 2431: 2425: 2349:proclaimed the 2298: 2163: 2145:in the ongoing 2106:, known as the 2027:Tusculan Papacy 2000:Pepin the Short 1992:Pope Stephen II 1940: 1925: 1914: 1904: 1817: 1811: 1778: 1775: 1744: 1705: 1700: 1664: 1659:Clement of Rome 1625: 1562: 1553: 1548: 1542: 1525: 1491:charitable work 1341:supreme pontiff 1337:Catholic Church 1282: 1242: 1235: 1234: 1191: 1183: 1182: 1023: 1015: 1014: 908: 900: 899: 617: 609: 608: 584: 516:Diocesan bishop 511:Bishop emeritus 459:Vicar apostolic 434:Papal majordomo 360: 345:Catholic Church 344: 312:Religious style 293:Reference style 275: 273: 271:Papal styles of 270: 208:Catholic Church 173: 116: 115: 111: 104: 92: 64: 61: 59: 51: 50: 41: 30: 17: 12: 11: 5: 23286: 23276: 23275: 23270: 23265: 23263:Heads of state 23260: 23255: 23250: 23245: 23240: 23235: 23230: 23215: 23214: 23202: 23179: 23178: 23176: 23175: 23162: 23159: 23158: 23156: 23155: 23147: 23145: 23141: 23140: 23138: 23137: 23132: 23127: 23126: 23125: 23115: 23110: 23105: 23100: 23097:Dominium mundi 23093: 23088: 23083: 23078: 23073: 23067: 23065: 23061: 23060: 23058: 23057: 23052: 23051: 23050: 23040: 23035: 23030: 23023: 23018: 23013: 23008: 23003: 23000:Dictatus papae 22996: 22990: 22988: 22982: 22981: 22979: 22978: 22973: 22968: 22963: 22958: 22953: 22948: 22943: 22938: 22933: 22928: 22923: 22918: 22912: 22910: 22906: 22905: 22898: 22897: 22890: 22883: 22875: 22866: 22865: 22863: 22862: 22859: 22856: 22852: 22849: 22848: 22845: 22844: 22842: 22841: 22835: 22833: 22829: 22828: 22826: 22825: 22820: 22815: 22810: 22804: 22802: 22798: 22797: 22795: 22794: 22792:United Kingdom 22789: 22784: 22779: 22774: 22769: 22764: 22759: 22754: 22749: 22744: 22739: 22734: 22729: 22724: 22719: 22714: 22709: 22704: 22699: 22694: 22689: 22684: 22679: 22674: 22669: 22664: 22659: 22654: 22649: 22644: 22639: 22634: 22629: 22624: 22619: 22614: 22609: 22604: 22599: 22597:Czech Republic 22594: 22589: 22584: 22579: 22574: 22569: 22564: 22559: 22554: 22549: 22544: 22538: 22536: 22527: 22519: 22518: 22515: 22514: 22512: 22511: 22505: 22503: 22499: 22498: 22496: 22495: 22490: 22485: 22480: 22474: 22472: 22468: 22467: 22465: 22464: 22462:United Kingdom 22459: 22454: 22449: 22444: 22439: 22434: 22429: 22424: 22419: 22414: 22409: 22404: 22399: 22394: 22389: 22384: 22379: 22374: 22369: 22364: 22359: 22354: 22349: 22344: 22339: 22334: 22329: 22324: 22319: 22314: 22309: 22304: 22299: 22294: 22289: 22284: 22279: 22274: 22269: 22267:Czech Republic 22264: 22259: 22254: 22249: 22244: 22239: 22234: 22229: 22224: 22219: 22214: 22208: 22206: 22197: 22189: 22188: 22183: 22182: 22175: 22168: 22160: 22151: 22150: 22148: 22147: 22134: 22131: 22130: 22128: 22127: 22122: 22116: 22114: 22110: 22109: 22107: 22106: 22098: 22092: 22084: 22077: 22075: 22065: 22064: 22062: 22061: 22053: 22047: 22039: 22031: 22022: 22020: 22010: 22009: 22007: 22006: 21998: 21992: 21986: 21980: 21972: 21963: 21961: 21951: 21950: 21947: 21946: 21943: 21942: 21940: 21939: 21931: 21923: 21915: 21904: 21903: 21892: 21890: 21877: 21876: 21874: 21873: 21865: 21857: 21848: 21846: 21832: 21831: 21829: 21828: 21820: 21811: 21809: 21789: 21785: 21784: 21781: 21780: 21778: 21777: 21769: 21761: 21754: 21752: 21735: 21734: 21732: 21731: 21723: 21715: 21701: 21690: 21688: 21670: 21669: 21667: 21666: 21658: 21650: 21642: 21634: 21628: 21618: 21607: 21605: 21587: 21586: 21584: 21583: 21575: 21567: 21560: 21558: 21548:Constantinople 21540: 21539: 21537: 21536: 21523: 21521: 21501: 21481: 21463: 21462: 21456:italic blue = 21409: 21406: 21405: 21394: 21393: 21386: 21379: 21371: 21362: 21361: 21359: 21358: 21348: 21341: 21338: 21337: 21335: 21334: 21329: 21324: 21319: 21318: 21317: 21312: 21307: 21297: 21291: 21289: 21285: 21284: 21281: 21280: 21278: 21277: 21272: 21265: 21258: 21251: 21246: 21245: 21244: 21239: 21234: 21229: 21224: 21216: 21214:Aquileian Rite 21211: 21205: 21203: 21199: 21198: 21195: 21194: 21192: 21191: 21186: 21184:Dominican Rite 21181: 21176: 21171: 21169:Carmelite Rite 21166: 21160: 21158: 21149: 21148: 21147: 21146: 21141: 21136: 21135: 21134: 21124: 21113: 21111:Mozarabic Rite 21108: 21103: 21101:Ambrosian Rite 21097: 21095: 21088: 21078: 21077: 21075: 21074: 21073: 21072: 21061: 21059: 21053: 21052: 21049: 21048: 21046: 21045: 21039: 21036:Pope Gregory I 21033: 21027: 21021: 21019:Pope Damasus I 21016: 21010: 21004: 20999: 20993: 20991: 20989:Church Fathers 20985: 20984: 20982: 20981: 20980: 20979: 20969: 20968: 20967: 20957: 20956: 20955: 20945: 20944: 20943: 20933: 20932: 20931: 20926: 20915: 20913: 20911:Apostolic sees 20904: 20903: 20898: 20893: 20888: 20883: 20878: 20873: 20868: 20863: 20861:Western Schism 20858: 20853: 20848: 20843: 20838: 20833: 20828: 20823: 20822: 20821: 20816: 20806: 20800: 20798: 20792: 20791: 20788: 20787: 20785: 20784: 20778: 20772: 20766: 20760: 20757:Constantinople 20754: 20748: 20742: 20735: 20733: 20729: 20728: 20726: 20725: 20716: 20707: 20698: 20689: 20660: 20658: 20651: 20639: 20638: 20631: 20630: 20623: 20616: 20608: 20599: 20598: 20596: 20595: 20583: 20570: 20567: 20566: 20564: 20563: 20558: 20557: 20556: 20551: 20541: 20536: 20531: 20526: 20518: 20516: 20512: 20511: 20508: 20507: 20504: 20503: 20501: 20500: 20495: 20490: 20484: 20482: 20473: 20472: 20463: 20457: 20456: 20455: 20452: 20446: 20443: 20434: 20432: 20426: 20425: 20422: 20421: 20419: 20418: 20417: 20416: 20408: 20402: 20397: 20392: 20387: 20384: 20379: 20373: 20369:Palace of the 20366: 20364: 20354: 20353: 20351: 20350: 20345: 20340: 20335: 20332: 20331: 20330: 20320: 20315: 20310: 20305: 20300: 20295: 20290: 20285: 20284: 20283: 20278: 20273: 20262: 20257: 20256: 20255: 20252: 20247: 20242: 20235:Lateran Palace 20231: 20224: 20223: 20221: 20220: 20215: 20210: 20205: 20199: 20197: 20187: 20186: 20178: 20167: 20164:territoriality 20151: 20150: 20147: 20146: 20143: 20142: 20140: 20139: 20134: 20129: 20124: 20119: 20114: 20109: 20104: 20099: 20094: 20088: 20086: 20080: 20079: 20077: 20076: 20071: 20065: 20063: 20057: 20056: 20054: 20053: 20048: 20043: 20038: 20033: 20028: 20026:Velletri-Segni 20023: 20017: 20015: 20006: 19985:Ecclesiastical 19981: 19980: 19978: 19977: 19972: 19967: 19961: 19959: 19950: 19941:full communion 19925: 19924: 19921: 19920: 19918: 19917: 19916: 19915: 19905: 19904: 19903: 19893: 19892: 19891: 19884:European Union 19881: 19880: 19879: 19878: 19877: 19865:United Nations 19862: 19857: 19856: 19855: 19845: 19840: 19834: 19832: 19820: 19819: 19817: 19816: 19815: 19814: 19809: 19804: 19799: 19798: 19797: 19787: 19776: 19774: 19768: 19767: 19765: 19764: 19763: 19762: 19760:Papal conclave 19752: 19746: 19744: 19738: 19737: 19735: 19734: 19733: 19732: 19727: 19717: 19715:Pietro Parolin 19709: 19700: 19698: 19689: 19665: 19664: 19662: 19661: 19656: 19651: 19650: 19649: 19647:Lateran Treaty 19639: 19634: 19627: 19622: 19617: 19616: 19615: 19613:Temporal power 19605: 19603:Avignon Papacy 19600: 19595: 19590: 19585: 19584: 19583: 19576:Lateran Palace 19573: 19568: 19563: 19558: 19553: 19547: 19545: 19539: 19538: 19536: 19535: 19526: 19517: 19493: 19490: 19489: 19482: 19481: 19474: 19467: 19459: 19450: 19449: 19447: 19446: 19434: 19421: 19418: 19417: 19415: 19414: 19409: 19403: 19397: 19392: 19386: 19384: 19380: 19379: 19376: 19375: 19373: 19372: 19367: 19362: 19356: 19354: 19350: 19349: 19347: 19346: 19340: 19338: 19332: 19331: 19328: 19327: 19325: 19324: 19319: 19312: 19311: 19310: 19303: 19291: 19286: 19285: 19284: 19279: 19274: 19264: 19263: 19262: 19251: 19249: 19240: 19239: 19234: 19229: 19228: 19227: 19217: 19216: 19215: 19205: 19200: 19195: 19193:Climate Forest 19190: 19189: 19188: 19178: 19173: 19172: 19171: 19166: 19155: 19149: 19143: 19142: 19139: 19138: 19136: 19135: 19134: 19133: 19128: 19117: 19115: 19114:Infrastructure 19111: 19110: 19108: 19107: 19102: 19097: 19096: 19095: 19094: 19093: 19086:Poste Vaticane 19083: 19076:Communications 19073: 19068: 19062: 19056: 19050: 19049: 19046: 19045: 19043: 19042: 19036: 19031: 19025: 19023: 19017: 19016: 19014: 19013: 19012: 19011: 19006: 19001: 18996: 18995: 18994: 18984: 18973: 18971: 18965: 18964: 18962: 18961: 18959:Pietro Parolin 18953: 18944: 18942: 18938: 18937: 18935: 18934: 18933: 18928: 18918: 18913: 18908: 18903: 18897: 18891: 18890: 18887: 18886: 18884: 18883: 18878: 18873: 18868: 18863: 18858: 18857: 18856: 18851: 18846: 18836: 18831: 18826: 18825: 18824: 18812: 18807: 18802: 18797: 18796: 18795: 18790: 18780: 18775: 18774: 18773: 18763: 18758: 18753: 18747: 18744: 18743: 18741: 18740: 18735: 18730: 18725: 18720: 18715: 18710: 18705: 18703:Pio-Clementino 18700: 18695: 18690: 18684: 18682: 18676: 18675: 18673: 18672: 18671: 18670: 18665: 18660: 18653:Sistine Chapel 18650: 18645: 18640: 18635: 18630: 18625: 18624: 18623: 18611: 18606: 18601: 18595: 18593: 18587: 18586: 18583: 18582: 18580: 18579: 18574: 18569: 18568: 18567: 18562: 18557: 18547: 18540: 18535: 18529: 18527: 18518: 18516:Major basilica 18505: 18499: 18498: 18496: 18495: 18490: 18485: 18480: 18478:Lateran Treaty 18475: 18470: 18465: 18460: 18459: 18458: 18448: 18446:Circus of Nero 18443: 18436: 18430: 18428: 18422: 18421: 18419: 18418: 18413: 18412: 18411: 18397: 18396: 18395: 18385: 18380: 18374: 18371: 18370: 18359: 18358: 18351: 18344: 18336: 18327: 18326: 18324: 18323: 18313: 18300: 18297: 18296: 18294: 18293: 18288: 18283: 18278: 18275: 18269: 18264: 18259: 18254: 18249: 18244: 18239: 18233: 18231: 18225: 18224: 18222: 18221: 18216: 18211: 18206: 18204:Legion of Mary 18201: 18196: 18191: 18186: 18181: 18176: 18171: 18166: 18161: 18156: 18155: 18154: 18153: 18152: 18142: 18141: 18140: 18133:Lay Carmelites 18130: 18120: 18119: 18118: 18113: 18108: 18103: 18092: 18090: 18082: 18081: 18079: 18078: 18073: 18068: 18063: 18058: 18053: 18048: 18043: 18038: 18033: 18028: 18023: 18018: 18013: 18008: 18003: 17998: 17993: 17988: 17983: 17981:Conceptionists 17978: 17973: 17968: 17963: 17958: 17953: 17948: 17943: 17938: 17933: 17928: 17923: 17918: 17916:Assumptionists 17912: 17910: 17895: 17894: 17892: 17891: 17884: 17877: 17870: 17867: 17866: 17865: 17860: 17855: 17845: 17839: 17837: 17831: 17830: 17828: 17827: 17822: 17817: 17814: 17809: 17804: 17799: 17794: 17789: 17784: 17783: 17782: 17772: 17767: 17762: 17761: 17760: 17749: 17747: 17741: 17740: 17737: 17736: 17734: 17733: 17732: 17731: 17730: 17729: 17724: 17719: 17714: 17704: 17699: 17694: 17684: 17683: 17682: 17681: 17680: 17670: 17665: 17660: 17655: 17650: 17639: 17637: 17631: 17630: 17628: 17627: 17626: 17625: 17620: 17618:Syro-Malankara 17615: 17610: 17605: 17600: 17595: 17590: 17585: 17580: 17575: 17570: 17568:Italo-Albanian 17565: 17560: 17555: 17550: 17545: 17540: 17535: 17530: 17525: 17520: 17515: 17510: 17500: 17494: 17492: 17482: 17481: 17479: 17478: 17477: 17476: 17471: 17466: 17456: 17451: 17450: 17449: 17439: 17438: 17437: 17432: 17422: 17417: 17416: 17415: 17410: 17405: 17400: 17386: 17379: 17377: 17371: 17370: 17368: 17367: 17362: 17357: 17352: 17351: 17350: 17345: 17340: 17335: 17330: 17325: 17320: 17315: 17310: 17305: 17295: 17294: 17293: 17288: 17277: 17275: 17264: 17263: 17261: 17260: 17255: 17250: 17245: 17240: 17238:Lateran Treaty 17235: 17230: 17225: 17219: 17217: 17211: 17210: 17208: 17207: 17202: 17197: 17196: 17195: 17185: 17184: 17183: 17178: 17164: 17159: 17150: 17148: 17133: 17107: 17106: 17104: 17103: 17098: 17093: 17088: 17083: 17078: 17073: 17068: 17063: 17058: 17057: 17056: 17051: 17040: 17038: 17032: 17031: 17029: 17028: 17027: 17026: 17021: 17011: 17010: 17009: 16999: 16996: 16991: 16986: 16981: 16976: 16974:Moral theology 16971: 16965: 16963: 16957: 16956: 16953: 16952: 16950: 16949: 16944: 16941: 16936: 16931: 16926: 16921: 16916: 16911: 16906: 16900: 16898: 16892: 16891: 16889: 16888: 16883: 16878: 16877: 16876: 16866: 16861: 16856: 16851: 16845: 16843: 16837: 16836: 16834: 16833: 16828: 16821: 16816: 16811: 16804: 16799: 16798: 16797: 16792: 16782: 16777: 16772: 16764: 16762: 16756: 16755: 16753: 16752: 16747: 16746: 16745: 16738: 16733: 16725: 16720: 16715: 16710: 16705: 16700: 16695: 16690: 16685: 16680: 16675: 16674: 16673: 16668: 16657: 16655: 16648: 16626: 16625: 16622: 16621: 16619: 16618: 16613: 16608: 16603: 16598: 16593: 16588: 16583: 16578: 16573: 16572: 16571: 16570: 16569: 16559: 16548: 16546: 16540: 16539: 16537: 16536: 16531: 16526: 16521: 16516: 16511: 16506: 16501: 16496: 16491: 16489:Pope Gregory I 16486: 16480: 16478: 16472: 16471: 16469: 16468: 16463: 16461:Biblical canon 16458: 16456:Late antiquity 16453: 16452: 16451: 16446: 16436: 16431: 16425: 16423: 16417: 16416: 16414: 16413: 16412: 16411: 16401: 16400: 16399: 16392:Church fathers 16389: 16388: 16387: 16382: 16372: 16371: 16370: 16365: 16360: 16355: 16344: 16342: 16333: 16326:Ecclesiastical 16313: 16312: 16310: 16309: 16304: 16299: 16294: 16288: 16285: 16284: 16277: 16276: 16269: 16262: 16254: 16245: 16244: 16242: 16241: 16229: 16216: 16213: 16212: 16210: 16209: 16208: 16207: 16205:Western Schism 16197: 16192: 16187: 16182: 16177: 16172: 16167: 16166: 16165: 16163:Major Seminary 16155: 16154: 16153: 16143: 16138: 16133: 16132: 16131: 16122:Papal nobility 16118: 16116: 16112: 16111: 16109: 16108: 16103: 16098: 16093: 16092: 16091: 16086: 16081: 16076: 16075: 16074: 16064: 16054: 16053: 16052: 16047: 16036: 16034: 16030: 16029: 16027: 16026: 16021: 16016: 16011: 16006: 16001: 15996: 15995: 15994: 15984: 15979: 15970: 15964: 15962: 15956: 15955: 15953: 15952: 15947: 15942: 15936: 15934: 15933:Transportation 15930: 15929: 15927: 15926: 15921: 15920: 15919: 15909: 15907:Sub-cinctorium 15904: 15903: 15902: 15892: 15887: 15882: 15877: 15872: 15867: 15862: 15857: 15852: 15847: 15841: 15839: 15833: 15832: 15830: 15829: 15824: 15823: 15822: 15812: 15807: 15802: 15797: 15792: 15791: 15790: 15780: 15779: 15778: 15771: 15759: 15758: 15757: 15746: 15744: 15740: 15739: 15737: 15736: 15731: 15726: 15721: 15716: 15715: 15714: 15704: 15699: 15693: 15691: 15687: 15686: 15684: 15683: 15678: 15673: 15668: 15666:Keys of Heaven 15663: 15658: 15653: 15647: 15645: 15639: 15638: 15636: 15635: 15630: 15625: 15620: 15615: 15610: 15605: 15600: 15595: 15593:Bishop of Rome 15590: 15584: 15582: 15570: 15569: 15567: 15566: 15561: 15556: 15551: 15545: 15543: 15537: 15536: 15534: 15533: 15523: 15517: 15516: 15515: 15513:Sistine Chapel 15510: 15500: 15493: 15491: 15487: 15486: 15483: 15482: 15479: 15478: 15476: 15475: 15466: 15465: 15464: 15461:Lateran Treaty 15444: 15442: 15423: 15422: 15421: 15420: 15419: 15418: 15389: 15387: 15384:Full communion 15372: 15366: 15365: 15352: 15349: 15348: 15341: 15340: 15333: 15326: 15318: 15309: 15308: 15306: 15305: 15293: 15280: 15277: 15276: 15273: 15272: 15270: 15269: 15268: 15267: 15261: 15249: 15246:Roman Question 15243: 15237: 15236:(c. 1640–1740) 15231: 15228:Baroque Papacy 15225: 15219: 15212: 15210: 15204: 15203: 15201: 15200: 15197:Western Schism 15194: 15191:Avignon Papacy 15188: 15187: 15186: 15180: 15174: 15165: 15159: 15152: 15150: 15144: 15143: 15141: 15140: 15137:Crescentii era 15134: 15126: 15120: 15114: 15108: 15107: 15106: 15093: 15091: 15080: 15074: 15073: 15071: 15070: 15065: 15060: 15055: 15050: 15045: 15040: 15035: 15030: 15025: 15020: 15015: 15010: 15005: 15000: 14995: 14990: 14985: 14980: 14975: 14970: 14965: 14960: 14955: 14950: 14945: 14943:Alexander VIII 14940: 14935: 14930: 14925: 14920: 14915: 14910: 14905: 14900: 14894: 14892: 14888: 14887: 14885: 14884: 14879: 14874: 14869: 14864: 14859: 14854: 14849: 14844: 14839: 14834: 14829: 14824: 14819: 14814: 14809: 14804: 14799: 14794: 14789: 14784: 14779: 14774: 14769: 14764: 14759: 14754: 14749: 14744: 14739: 14734: 14729: 14724: 14719: 14714: 14709: 14704: 14699: 14694: 14689: 14684: 14679: 14674: 14669: 14664: 14659: 14654: 14649: 14644: 14639: 14634: 14629: 14624: 14619: 14614: 14608: 14606: 14602: 14601: 14599: 14598: 14593: 14588: 14583: 14578: 14573: 14568: 14563: 14558: 14553: 14548: 14543: 14538: 14533: 14528: 14523: 14518: 14513: 14508: 14503: 14498: 14493: 14488: 14483: 14478: 14473: 14468: 14463: 14458: 14453: 14448: 14443: 14438: 14433: 14428: 14423: 14418: 14413: 14408: 14403: 14398: 14393: 14388: 14383: 14378: 14373: 14368: 14363: 14358: 14353: 14348: 14343: 14338: 14333: 14328: 14326:Anastasius III 14323: 14318: 14313: 14308: 14303: 14298: 14293: 14288: 14283: 14278: 14273: 14268: 14263: 14258: 14253: 14248: 14243: 14238: 14233: 14228: 14223: 14218: 14213: 14207: 14205: 14201: 14200: 14198: 14197: 14192: 14187: 14182: 14177: 14172: 14167: 14162: 14157: 14152: 14147: 14142: 14137: 14132: 14127: 14122: 14117: 14112: 14107: 14102: 14097: 14092: 14087: 14082: 14077: 14072: 14067: 14062: 14057: 14052: 14047: 14042: 14037: 14032: 14027: 14022: 14017: 14012: 14007: 14002: 13997: 13992: 13987: 13982: 13977: 13972: 13967: 13962: 13957: 13952: 13947: 13942: 13937: 13932: 13927: 13922: 13917: 13911: 13909: 13905: 13904: 13902: 13901: 13896: 13891: 13886: 13881: 13876: 13871: 13866: 13861: 13856: 13851: 13846: 13841: 13836: 13831: 13826: 13821: 13816: 13811: 13806: 13801: 13796: 13791: 13786: 13781: 13776: 13771: 13766: 13761: 13756: 13751: 13746: 13741: 13736: 13731: 13726: 13721: 13716: 13711: 13705: 13703: 13699: 13698: 13696: 13695: 13690: 13689: 13688: 13678: 13673: 13672: 13671: 13666: 13658: 13653: 13652: 13651: 13646: 13635: 13632: 13631: 13620: 13619: 13612: 13605: 13597: 13591: 13590: 13584: 13578: 13572: 13562: 13557: 13550: 13549:External links 13547: 13546: 13545: 13539: 13523: 13517: 13502: 13496: 13481: 13464: 13441: 13438: 13436: 13435: 13401: 13379: 13373: 13361:Orlandis, José 13357: 13351: 13338: 13332: 13319: 13313: 13295: 13275: 13269: 13256: 13228: 13211: 13205: 13190: 13177: 13171: 13153: 13147: 13129: 13123: 13105: 13099: 13083: 13077: 13062: 13056: 13042: 13040: 13037: 13034: 13033: 13013: 12996: 12970: 12944: 12925: 12913: 12894: 12859: 12833: 12807: 12789: 12763: 12737: 12719: 12700: 12678: 12645: 12609: 12583: 12553: 12520: 12497: 12464: 12433: 12402: 12379: 12348: 12322: 12303: 12283: 12256: 12225: 12186: 12147: 12140: 12122: 12091: 12060: 12037: 12018: 12015:Avignon Papacy 12006: 11994: 11968: 11953:. Vatican.va. 11938: 11929: 11920: 11911: 11902: 11881:Latin original 11868: 11864:Pope Eugene IV 11848:Pope Julius II 11840:Pope Adrian VI 11811: 11781: 11750: 11724: 11698: 11668: 11651:educalingo.com 11638: 11608: 11578: 11540: 11510: 11488: 11473:. Vatican.va. 11462: 11439: 11413: 11394: 11362: 11355: 11325: 11308: 11278: 11252: 11229: 11097: 11059: 11043: 11032:on 21 May 2013 11014: 11001:, ed. (1875). 10999:Smith, William 10987: 10974:, reviewed in 10951: 10919: 10904:. Clerus.org. 10889: 10863: 10844: 10824: 10794: 10775: 10755: 10734: 10722: 10707:. New Advent. 10692: 10677:. New Advent. 10662: 10643: 10620: 10597: 10595:), pp. 37, 85. 10569: 10541: 10530: 10500: 10474: 10448: 10421: 10389: 10366: 10346: 10315: 10289: 10279: 10246: 10216: 10203: 10173: 10143: 10112: 10082: 10070: 10002: 9982: 9959: 9936: 9909: 9886: 9864: 9845: 9832: 9828:Ncronline.com. 9809: 9787: 9761: 9730: 9711: 9691: 9679: 9653: 9641: 9630: 9619: 9608: 9597: 9567: 9534: 9515: 9496: 9477: 9448:Henry, Matthew 9439: 9410:Scofield, C. I 9401: 9359: 9321: 9287: 9249: 9238: 9227: 9216: 9186: 9156: 9126: 9097: 9067: 9037: 9005: 8976: 8946: 8914: 8895: 8875: 8842: 8822: 8803: 8783: 8753: 8736:Church Fathers 8723: 8710: 8681: 8674: 8650: 8631: 8611: 8592: 8572: 8542: 8529: 8517: 8502: 8490: 8469: 8448: 8422: 8400: 8378: 8361: 8349: 8332: 8308: 8292: 8275: 8256: 8232: 8209: 8189: 8168: 8143: 8130: 8100: 8088: 8076: 8064: 8055: 8046: 8022: 8010: 8003: 7990:A New Eusebius 7979: 7972: 7945: 7929: 7915: 7875: 7849: 7840: 7825:. New Advent. 7810: 7803: 7790:A New Eusebius 7779: 7772: 7745: 7730:. Vatican.va. 7715: 7706: 7680: 7671: 7658: 7651: 7633: 7626: 7608: 7601: 7583: 7576: 7558: 7551: 7533: 7520: 7514: 7487: 7444: 7414: 7384: 7354: 7351:on 4 May 2005. 7336: 7317: 7294: 7276:". Chapter 8: 7265: 7239: 7214: 7188: 7170: 7140: 7105: 7098: 7074: 7047: 7033: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7024: 7023: 7002: 6993: 6968: 6955: 6932: 6922: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6913: 6908: 6903: 6898: 6893: 6888: 6883: 6881:Papal slippers 6878: 6873: 6868: 6863: 6858: 6853: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6770: 6769: 6763: 6757: 6747: 6741: 6735: 6729: 6723: 6717: 6711: 6692:Pope Urban VII 6684: 6681: 6669: 6668: 6662: 6656: 6650: 6644: 6638: 6632: 6626: 6620: 6614: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6571:in Spain. The 6552: 6549: 6497: 6494: 6473: 6470: 6461: 6458: 6444:Western Schism 6435: 6432: 6304:abuse of power 6268:Main article: 6265: 6262: 6257:ultramontanism 6223: 6220: 6192: 6189: 6113:Main article: 6110: 6107: 5943: 5942: 5933: 5929: 5928: 5925: 5921: 5920: 5915: 5911: 5910: 5905: 5901: 5900: 5895: 5891: 5890: 5885: 5881: 5880: 5877: 5869: 5868: 5858:Main article: 5855: 5854:Political role 5852: 5844:cardinal vicar 5784: 5781: 5763: 5762: 5760: 5759: 5752: 5745: 5737: 5734: 5733: 5732: 5731: 5719: 5707: 5702: 5694: 5693: 5690: 5689: 5681: 5676: 5674:Sistine Chapel 5671: 5666: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5635: 5630: 5629: 5626: 5625: 5622: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5579:Circus of Nero 5576: 5571: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5481: 5476: 5471: 5466: 5461: 5456: 5451: 5446: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5426: 5421: 5419:Lateran Palace 5416: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5326: 5320: 5317: 5316: 5313: 5312: 5309: 5308: 5300: 5295: 5290: 5285: 5280: 5275: 5270: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5254: 5253: 5243: 5238: 5232: 5227: 5226: 5223: 5222: 5219: 5218: 5217: 5216: 5206: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5185: 5184: 5173: 5170: 5169: 5166: 5165: 5162: 5161: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5106: 5100: 5095: 5094: 5091: 5090: 5087: 5086: 5079: 5078: 5073: 5068: 5061: 5060: 5055: 5048: 5047: 5046: 5045: 5039: 5037:Paul Gallagher 5028: 5027: 5026: 5024:Lateran Treaty 5016: 5011: 5006: 5000: 4995: 4994: 4991: 4990: 4987: 4986: 4981: 4980: 4979: 4969: 4968: 4967: 4965: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4945: 4940: 4939: 4938: 4928:Papal conclave 4925: 4920: 4919: 4918: 4913: 4903: 4902: 4901: 4891: 4890: 4889: 4878: 4873: 4872: 4869: 4868: 4865: 4864: 4863: 4862: 4859: 4852: 4851: 4850: 4847: 4840: 4839: 4838: 4832: 4825: 4820: 4819: 4818: 4813: 4798: 4797: 4796: 4786: 4785: 4784: 4774: 4773: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4757: 4752: 4747: 4737: 4732: 4731: 4730: 4727:Pietro Parolin 4721: 4714: 4713: 4712: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4692: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4670: 4662: 4652: 4651: 4650: 4645: 4636: 4634: 4624: 4619: 4613: 4608: 4607: 4604: 4603: 4600: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4578: 4577: 4567: 4562: 4552: 4547: 4542: 4541: 4540: 4531: 4517: 4515:Lateran Treaty 4512: 4507: 4502: 4497: 4489: 4484: 4483: 4480: 4479: 4476: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4455: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4439: 4438: 4433: 4418: 4415:Lateran Treaty 4412: 4411: 4410: 4405: 4403:Roman Question 4399:" (1870–1929) 4393: 4387: 4386: 4385: 4380: 4375: 4364: 4358: 4351: 4346: 4345: 4342: 4341: 4336: 4333: 4332: 4324: 4323: 4312: 4309: 4246: 4243: 4190: 4187: 4184: 4183: 4164: 4162: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4111: 4110:Papal garments 4108: 4040: 4039: 3997: 3985: 3974:Main article: 3971: 3968: 3946: 3939: 3938: 3937: 3929: 3922: 3921: 3920: 3919: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3890: 3887: 3848:Main article: 3845: 3842: 3809: 3806: 3688:ἱεροδιδάσκαλος 3639: 3636: 3616:Saint Boniface 3604:vicarius Petri 3542: 3539: 3527:Constantinople 3488:Roman Province 3446:Main article: 3443: 3440: 3431: 3428: 3425: 3424: 3416: 3412: 3411: 3408: 3404: 3403: 3400: 3396: 3395: 3390: 3384: 3383: 3375: 3374: 3359: 3356: 3336:Main article: 3333: 3330: 3257: 3254: 3161:Christian name 3029:Sistine Chapel 2950:Papal conclave 2948:Main article: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2933:Matthew, 16:18 2930: 2916: 2904:Matthew, 16:19 2901: 2887: 2879:Book of Isaiah 2869:, Vatican City 2867:Sistine Chapel 2839: 2836: 2814: 2813: 2810:Feed my sheep. 2802: 2791: 2755: 2752: 2745: 2718:the bishop of 2705: 2686: 2654: 2631:Church History 2608: 2605: 2598: 2570: 2547: 2470: 2457:Pope Cornelius 2435: 2434:Church Fathers 2432: 2424: 2421: 2381:Lateran Treaty 2334:initiated the 2297: 2294: 2290:Constantinople 2286:Ottoman Empire 2266:Western Schism 2209:Avignon Papacy 2171:Western Schism 2162: 2159: 2081:Abbey of Cluny 2035:Lateran Palace 1941: 540–604 1934:Pope Gregory I 1919:Carlo Saraceni 1915: 540–604 1903: 1900: 1890:, king of the 1849:Constantius II 1837:trinitarianism 1827:. In 325, the 1821:Edict of Milan 1810: 1807: 1783:Quartodecimans 1773: 1723:James the Just 1704: 1694: 1624: 1621: 1555:Main article: 1552: 1549: 1544:Main article: 1541: 1538: 1439:Lateran Treaty 1413:is called the 1396:Keys of Heaven 1329:bishop of Rome 1284: 1283: 1281: 1280: 1273: 1266: 1258: 1255: 1254: 1253: 1252: 1237: 1236: 1233: 1232: 1227: 1226: 1225: 1215: 1214: 1213: 1208: 1203: 1192: 1189: 1188: 1185: 1184: 1181: 1180: 1175: 1170: 1165: 1163:Protosyncellus 1160: 1155: 1150: 1148:Promotor Fidei 1145: 1143:Prince-provost 1140: 1138:Prince-primate 1135: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1065: 1060: 1055: 1050: 1045: 1040: 1035: 1030: 1024: 1021: 1020: 1017: 1016: 1013: 1012: 1007: 1002: 997: 992: 987: 982: 981: 980: 970: 965: 960: 955: 950: 945: 940: 935: 930: 925: 920: 915: 909: 906: 905: 902: 901: 898: 897: 896: 895: 887: 886: 885: 880: 878:Judicial vicar 870: 865: 864: 863: 858: 853: 851:Servant of God 843: 838: 833: 828: 823: 822: 821: 811: 806: 801: 796: 791: 790: 789: 779: 774: 769: 764: 759: 758: 757: 752: 742: 741: 740: 735: 734: 733: 728: 713: 708: 703: 698: 693: 688: 683: 682: 681: 671: 666: 661: 656: 651: 650: 649: 644: 634: 629: 624: 618: 615: 614: 611: 610: 607: 606: 601: 596: 591: 585: 582: 581: 578: 577: 576: 575: 570: 565: 564: 563: 558: 553: 548: 543: 538: 536:Titular bishop 533: 528: 523: 518: 513: 508: 498: 497: 496: 486: 481: 476: 471: 466: 461: 456: 451: 446: 441: 436: 431: 426: 421: 416: 415: 414: 409: 404: 399: 397:Cardinal Vicar 389: 388: 387: 374: 373: 362: 361: 356: 348: 347: 339: 338: 330: 329: 317: 316: 313: 309: 308: 305: 301: 300: 295: 289: 288: 280: 279: 263: 262: 256: 255: 251: 250: 245: 241: 240: 235: 231: 230: 225: 221: 220: 215: 211: 210: 205: 201: 200: 195: 191: 190: 186: 185: 184:, Vatican City 179: 175: 174: 172: 171: 165: 158: 156: 152: 151: 146: 140: 139: 135: 134: 129: 123: 122: 106: 105: 102: 94: 93: 87: 79: 78: 75: 74: 70: 69: 66: 65: 62: 53: 49:Bishop of Rome 48: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 23285: 23274: 23271: 23269: 23266: 23264: 23261: 23259: 23256: 23254: 23251: 23249: 23246: 23244: 23241: 23239: 23236: 23234: 23231: 23229: 23226: 23225: 23223: 23213: 23203: 23201: 23191: 23190: 23187: 23174: 23169: 23164: 23163: 23160: 23154: 23153: 23149: 23148: 23146: 23142: 23136: 23133: 23131: 23128: 23124: 23121: 23120: 23119: 23116: 23114: 23111: 23109: 23106: 23104: 23101: 23099: 23098: 23094: 23092: 23089: 23087: 23084: 23082: 23079: 23077: 23074: 23072: 23069: 23068: 23066: 23062: 23056: 23053: 23049: 23046: 23045: 23044: 23041: 23039: 23036: 23034: 23031: 23029: 23028: 23024: 23022: 23019: 23017: 23014: 23012: 23009: 23007: 23004: 23002: 23001: 22997: 22995: 22992: 22991: 22989: 22983: 22977: 22974: 22972: 22969: 22967: 22964: 22962: 22959: 22957: 22954: 22952: 22949: 22947: 22944: 22942: 22939: 22937: 22934: 22932: 22929: 22927: 22924: 22922: 22919: 22917: 22914: 22913: 22911: 22907: 22903: 22896: 22891: 22889: 22884: 22882: 22877: 22876: 22873: 22860: 22857: 22854: 22853: 22850: 22840: 22837: 22836: 22834: 22830: 22824: 22823:South Ossetia 22821: 22819: 22816: 22814: 22811: 22809: 22806: 22805: 22803: 22799: 22793: 22790: 22788: 22785: 22783: 22780: 22778: 22775: 22773: 22770: 22768: 22765: 22763: 22760: 22758: 22755: 22753: 22750: 22748: 22745: 22743: 22740: 22738: 22735: 22733: 22730: 22728: 22725: 22723: 22720: 22718: 22715: 22713: 22710: 22708: 22705: 22703: 22700: 22698: 22695: 22693: 22690: 22688: 22685: 22683: 22680: 22678: 22675: 22673: 22672:Liechtenstein 22670: 22668: 22665: 22663: 22660: 22658: 22655: 22653: 22650: 22648: 22645: 22643: 22640: 22638: 22635: 22633: 22630: 22628: 22625: 22623: 22620: 22618: 22615: 22613: 22610: 22608: 22605: 22603: 22600: 22598: 22595: 22593: 22590: 22588: 22585: 22583: 22580: 22578: 22575: 22573: 22570: 22568: 22565: 22563: 22560: 22558: 22555: 22553: 22550: 22548: 22545: 22543: 22540: 22539: 22537: 22535:and observers 22531: 22528: 22526: 22520: 22510: 22507: 22506: 22504: 22500: 22494: 22493:South Ossetia 22491: 22489: 22486: 22484: 22481: 22479: 22476: 22475: 22473: 22469: 22463: 22460: 22458: 22455: 22453: 22450: 22448: 22445: 22443: 22440: 22438: 22435: 22433: 22430: 22428: 22425: 22423: 22420: 22418: 22415: 22413: 22410: 22408: 22405: 22403: 22400: 22398: 22395: 22393: 22390: 22388: 22385: 22383: 22380: 22378: 22375: 22373: 22370: 22368: 22365: 22363: 22360: 22358: 22355: 22353: 22350: 22348: 22345: 22343: 22342:Liechtenstein 22340: 22338: 22335: 22333: 22330: 22328: 22325: 22323: 22320: 22318: 22315: 22313: 22310: 22308: 22305: 22303: 22300: 22298: 22295: 22293: 22290: 22288: 22285: 22283: 22280: 22278: 22275: 22273: 22270: 22268: 22265: 22263: 22260: 22258: 22255: 22253: 22250: 22248: 22245: 22243: 22240: 22238: 22235: 22233: 22230: 22228: 22225: 22223: 22220: 22218: 22215: 22213: 22210: 22209: 22207: 22205:and observers 22201: 22198: 22196: 22190: 22181: 22176: 22174: 22169: 22167: 22162: 22161: 22158: 22146: 22141: 22136: 22135: 22132: 22126: 22125:Episcopal see 22123: 22121: 22118: 22117: 22115: 22111: 22104: 22099: 22096: 22093: 22090: 22085: 22082: 22079: 22078: 22076: 22070: 22066: 22059: 22058: 22054: 22051: 22048: 22045: 22044: 22040: 22037: 22036: 22032: 22029: 22028: 22024: 22023: 22021: 22015: 22011: 22004: 22003: 21999: 21996: 21993: 21990: 21987: 21984: 21981: 21978: 21977: 21973: 21970: 21969: 21965: 21964: 21962: 21956: 21952: 21937: 21936: 21932: 21929: 21924: 21921: 21916: 21913: 21912: 21906: 21905: 21901: 21900: 21894: 21893: 21891: 21886: 21882: 21878: 21871: 21870: 21866: 21863: 21862: 21858: 21855: 21854: 21850: 21849: 21847: 21841: 21837: 21833: 21826: 21825: 21821: 21818: 21817: 21813: 21812: 21810: 21806: 21801: 21797: 21793: 21790: 21786: 21775: 21774: 21770: 21767: 21762: 21759: 21756: 21755: 21753: 21749: 21744: 21740: 21736: 21729: 21728: 21724: 21721: 21720: 21716: 21713: 21709: 21708: 21702: 21699: 21695: 21692: 21691: 21689: 21685: 21679: 21675: 21671: 21664: 21663: 21659: 21656: 21655: 21651: 21648: 21647: 21643: 21640: 21639: 21635: 21632: 21629: 21626: 21625: 21619: 21616: 21615: 21609: 21608: 21606: 21602: 21596: 21592: 21588: 21581: 21576: 21573: 21572: 21568: 21565: 21562: 21561: 21559: 21555: 21549: 21545: 21541: 21534: 21530: 21529: 21525: 21524: 21522: 21518: 21513: 21509: 21505: 21502: 21498: 21489: 21485: 21482: 21475: 21470: 21464: 21460: 21459: 21453: 21445: 21440: 21432: 21431: 21426: 21421: 21417: 21413: 21407: 21403: 21399: 21398:Patriarchates 21392: 21387: 21385: 21380: 21378: 21373: 21372: 21369: 21357: 21349: 21347: 21343: 21342: 21339: 21333: 21330: 21328: 21325: 21323: 21320: 21316: 21313: 21311: 21308: 21306: 21303: 21302: 21301: 21298: 21296: 21293: 21292: 21290: 21286: 21276: 21273: 21271: 21270: 21266: 21264: 21263: 21259: 21257: 21256: 21255:Missa Nautica 21252: 21250: 21249:Gallican Rite 21247: 21243: 21240: 21238: 21235: 21233: 21230: 21228: 21225: 21223: 21220: 21219: 21217: 21215: 21212: 21210: 21207: 21206: 21204: 21200: 21190: 21187: 21185: 21182: 21180: 21177: 21175: 21172: 21170: 21167: 21165: 21162: 21161: 21159: 21157: 21153: 21145: 21142: 21140: 21137: 21133: 21130: 21129: 21128: 21125: 21122: 21119: 21118: 21117: 21114: 21112: 21109: 21107: 21106:Rite of Braga 21104: 21102: 21099: 21098: 21096: 21092: 21089: 21087: 21083: 21079: 21071: 21068: 21067: 21066: 21063: 21062: 21060: 21058: 21054: 21043: 21040: 21037: 21034: 21031: 21028: 21025: 21022: 21020: 21017: 21014: 21011: 21008: 21005: 21003: 21000: 20998: 20995: 20994: 20992: 20990: 20986: 20978: 20975: 20974: 20973: 20970: 20966: 20963: 20962: 20961: 20958: 20954: 20951: 20950: 20949: 20946: 20942: 20939: 20938: 20937: 20934: 20930: 20927: 20925: 20922: 20921: 20920: 20917: 20916: 20914: 20912: 20908: 20902: 20899: 20897: 20894: 20892: 20889: 20887: 20884: 20882: 20879: 20877: 20874: 20872: 20869: 20867: 20864: 20862: 20859: 20857: 20854: 20852: 20851:Scholasticism 20849: 20847: 20844: 20842: 20839: 20837: 20834: 20832: 20829: 20827: 20826:First Martyrs 20824: 20820: 20817: 20815: 20814:Papal primacy 20812: 20811: 20810: 20807: 20805: 20802: 20801: 20799: 20797: 20793: 20782: 20779: 20776: 20773: 20770: 20767: 20764: 20761: 20758: 20755: 20752: 20749: 20746: 20743: 20740: 20737: 20736: 20734: 20730: 20724: 20720: 20717: 20715: 20711: 20708: 20706: 20702: 20699: 20697: 20693: 20690: 20686: 20682: 20681: 20676: 20673: 20669: 20665: 20662: 20661: 20659: 20655: 20652: 20649: 20644: 20643:Patriarchates 20640: 20636: 20629: 20624: 20622: 20617: 20615: 20610: 20609: 20606: 20594: 20589: 20584: 20582: 20572: 20571: 20568: 20562: 20559: 20555: 20552: 20550: 20547: 20546: 20545: 20542: 20540: 20539:Peter's Pence 20537: 20535: 20532: 20530: 20527: 20525: 20524: 20520: 20519: 20517: 20513: 20499: 20496: 20494: 20491: 20489: 20486: 20485: 20483: 20477: 20471: 20467: 20466:Vatican Radio 20464: 20462: 20458: 20453: 20451: 20447: 20444: 20441: 20440: 20439: 20436: 20435: 20433: 20427: 20415: 20412: 20411: 20409: 20407: 20403: 20401: 20398: 20396: 20393: 20391: 20388: 20385: 20383: 20380: 20378: 20374: 20372: 20371:Holy Apostles 20368: 20367: 20365: 20359: 20349: 20346: 20344: 20341: 20339: 20336: 20333: 20329: 20326: 20325: 20324: 20321: 20319: 20316: 20314: 20311: 20309: 20306: 20304: 20301: 20299: 20296: 20294: 20291: 20289: 20286: 20282: 20279: 20277: 20274: 20272: 20269: 20268: 20266: 20263: 20261: 20258: 20253: 20251: 20248: 20246: 20243: 20241: 20238: 20237: 20236: 20233: 20232: 20229: 20219: 20216: 20214: 20211: 20209: 20206: 20204: 20201: 20200: 20198: 20196: 20192: 20182: 20179: 20177: 20171: 20168: 20165: 20156: 20152: 20138: 20135: 20133: 20130: 20128: 20125: 20123: 20120: 20118: 20115: 20113: 20110: 20108: 20105: 20103: 20100: 20098: 20097:Anagni-Alatri 20095: 20093: 20090: 20089: 20087: 20085: 20081: 20075: 20072: 20070: 20067: 20066: 20064: 20062: 20058: 20052: 20049: 20047: 20044: 20042: 20039: 20037: 20034: 20032: 20029: 20027: 20024: 20022: 20019: 20018: 20016: 20014: 20010: 20007: 20003: 19998: 19994: 19988: 19982: 19976: 19973: 19971: 19968: 19966: 19963: 19962: 19960: 19958: 19954: 19951: 19947: 19946:Papal primacy 19942: 19938: 19932: 19926: 19914: 19911: 19910: 19909: 19906: 19902: 19899: 19898: 19897: 19894: 19890: 19887: 19886: 19885: 19882: 19876: 19873: 19872: 19871: 19868: 19867: 19866: 19863: 19861: 19858: 19854: 19851: 19850: 19849: 19846: 19844: 19841: 19839: 19836: 19835: 19833: 19830: 19825: 19821: 19813: 19810: 19808: 19807:Congregations 19805: 19803: 19800: 19796: 19793: 19792: 19791: 19788: 19786: 19783: 19782: 19781: 19778: 19777: 19775: 19773: 19769: 19761: 19758: 19757: 19756: 19753: 19751: 19748: 19747: 19745: 19743: 19739: 19731: 19728: 19726: 19723: 19722: 19721: 19718: 19716: 19713: 19710: 19708: 19705: 19702: 19701: 19699: 19697: 19693: 19690: 19686: 19681: 19678:international 19672: 19666: 19660: 19657: 19655: 19652: 19648: 19645: 19644: 19643: 19640: 19638: 19635: 19632: 19628: 19626: 19623: 19621: 19618: 19614: 19611: 19610: 19609: 19606: 19604: 19601: 19599: 19596: 19594: 19591: 19589: 19588:Duchy of Rome 19586: 19582: 19579: 19578: 19577: 19574: 19572: 19569: 19567: 19564: 19562: 19559: 19557: 19554: 19552: 19551:Apostolic see 19549: 19548: 19546: 19544: 19540: 19534: 19530: 19527: 19525: 19521: 19518: 19516: 19512: 19508: 19505: 19501: 19500:episcopal see 19498: 19495: 19494: 19491: 19487: 19480: 19475: 19473: 19468: 19466: 19461: 19460: 19457: 19445: 19440: 19435: 19433: 19423: 19422: 19419: 19413: 19410: 19407: 19404: 19401: 19398: 19396: 19393: 19391: 19388: 19387: 19385: 19381: 19371: 19368: 19366: 19363: 19361: 19358: 19357: 19355: 19351: 19345: 19342: 19341: 19339: 19337: 19333: 19323: 19320: 19318: 19317: 19313: 19309: 19308: 19304: 19302: 19301: 19297: 19296: 19295: 19292: 19290: 19287: 19283: 19280: 19278: 19277:Vatican Radio 19275: 19273: 19270: 19269: 19268: 19267:Vatican Media 19265: 19261: 19258: 19257: 19256: 19253: 19252: 19250: 19248: 19244: 19238: 19235: 19233: 19230: 19226: 19223: 19222: 19221: 19218: 19214: 19211: 19210: 19209: 19206: 19204: 19201: 19199: 19196: 19194: 19191: 19187: 19184: 19183: 19182: 19179: 19177: 19174: 19170: 19167: 19165: 19162: 19161: 19160: 19157: 19156: 19153: 19150: 19148: 19144: 19132: 19129: 19127: 19124: 19123: 19122: 19119: 19118: 19116: 19112: 19106: 19103: 19101: 19098: 19092: 19089: 19088: 19087: 19084: 19082: 19079: 19078: 19077: 19074: 19072: 19069: 19067: 19064: 19063: 19060: 19057: 19055: 19051: 19041: 19037: 19035: 19032: 19030: 19027: 19026: 19024: 19022: 19018: 19010: 19007: 19005: 19004:Congregations 19002: 19000: 18997: 18993: 18990: 18989: 18988: 18985: 18983: 18980: 18979: 18978: 18975: 18974: 18972: 18970: 18966: 18960: 18957: 18954: 18952: 18949: 18946: 18945: 18943: 18939: 18932: 18929: 18927: 18924: 18923: 18922: 18919: 18917: 18916:Vicar General 18914: 18912: 18909: 18907: 18904: 18901: 18898: 18896: 18892: 18882: 18879: 18877: 18874: 18872: 18869: 18867: 18864: 18862: 18859: 18855: 18852: 18850: 18847: 18845: 18842: 18841: 18840: 18837: 18835: 18832: 18830: 18827: 18823: 18822: 18818: 18817: 18816: 18813: 18811: 18808: 18806: 18803: 18801: 18798: 18794: 18791: 18789: 18786: 18785: 18784: 18781: 18779: 18776: 18772: 18769: 18768: 18767: 18764: 18762: 18759: 18757: 18756:Casina Pio IV 18754: 18752: 18749: 18748: 18739: 18736: 18734: 18731: 18729: 18726: 18724: 18723:Pio Cristiano 18721: 18719: 18716: 18714: 18711: 18709: 18706: 18704: 18701: 18699: 18696: 18694: 18691: 18689: 18686: 18685: 18683: 18681: 18677: 18669: 18668:Room of Tears 18666: 18664: 18661: 18659: 18656: 18655: 18654: 18651: 18649: 18646: 18644: 18641: 18639: 18636: 18634: 18633:Raphael Rooms 18631: 18629: 18626: 18622: 18621: 18617: 18616: 18615: 18612: 18610: 18607: 18605: 18602: 18600: 18597: 18596: 18594: 18592: 18588: 18578: 18575: 18573: 18570: 18566: 18563: 18561: 18558: 18556: 18553: 18552: 18551: 18548: 18546: 18545: 18541: 18539: 18536: 18534: 18531: 18530: 18528: 18526: 18522: 18519: 18517: 18513: 18509: 18506: 18504: 18500: 18494: 18491: 18489: 18488:Borgo Vecchio 18486: 18484: 18481: 18479: 18476: 18474: 18471: 18469: 18466: 18464: 18461: 18457: 18454: 18453: 18452: 18449: 18447: 18444: 18441: 18437: 18435: 18432: 18431: 18429: 18427: 18423: 18417: 18414: 18410: 18407: 18406: 18405: 18401: 18398: 18394: 18391: 18390: 18389: 18386: 18384: 18381: 18379: 18376: 18375: 18372: 18368: 18364: 18357: 18352: 18350: 18345: 18343: 18338: 18337: 18334: 18322: 18314: 18312: 18307: 18302: 18301: 18298: 18292: 18289: 18287: 18284: 18282: 18279: 18276: 18273: 18270: 18268: 18265: 18263: 18260: 18258: 18255: 18253: 18252:Home Missions 18250: 18248: 18245: 18243: 18240: 18238: 18235: 18234: 18232: 18230: 18226: 18220: 18217: 18215: 18212: 18210: 18207: 18205: 18202: 18200: 18197: 18195: 18192: 18190: 18187: 18185: 18182: 18180: 18177: 18175: 18172: 18170: 18167: 18165: 18162: 18160: 18157: 18151: 18148: 18147: 18146: 18145:Saint Francis 18143: 18139: 18136: 18135: 18134: 18131: 18129: 18128:Saint Dominic 18126: 18125: 18124: 18121: 18117: 18114: 18112: 18109: 18107: 18104: 18102: 18099: 18098: 18097: 18094: 18093: 18091: 18089: 18083: 18077: 18074: 18072: 18069: 18067: 18064: 18062: 18059: 18057: 18054: 18052: 18049: 18047: 18044: 18042: 18039: 18037: 18034: 18032: 18029: 18027: 18024: 18022: 18019: 18017: 18014: 18012: 18009: 18007: 18004: 18002: 17999: 17997: 17994: 17992: 17989: 17987: 17984: 17982: 17979: 17977: 17974: 17972: 17969: 17967: 17964: 17962: 17959: 17957: 17954: 17952: 17949: 17947: 17944: 17942: 17941:Bethlehemites 17939: 17937: 17934: 17932: 17929: 17927: 17924: 17922: 17919: 17917: 17914: 17913: 17911: 17909: 17905: 17900: 17896: 17890: 17889: 17885: 17883: 17882: 17878: 17876: 17875: 17871: 17868: 17864: 17863:Vatican Radio 17861: 17859: 17856: 17854: 17851: 17850: 17849: 17848:Vatican Media 17846: 17844: 17841: 17840: 17838: 17836: 17832: 17826: 17823: 17821: 17818: 17815: 17813: 17810: 17808: 17805: 17803: 17800: 17798: 17795: 17793: 17790: 17788: 17785: 17781: 17778: 17777: 17776: 17773: 17771: 17768: 17766: 17763: 17759: 17756: 17755: 17754: 17751: 17750: 17748: 17746: 17742: 17728: 17725: 17723: 17720: 17718: 17715: 17713: 17710: 17709: 17708: 17705: 17703: 17700: 17698: 17695: 17693: 17690: 17689: 17688: 17685: 17679: 17676: 17675: 17674: 17671: 17669: 17666: 17664: 17661: 17659: 17656: 17654: 17651: 17649: 17646: 17645: 17644: 17641: 17640: 17638: 17636: 17632: 17624: 17621: 17619: 17616: 17614: 17611: 17609: 17606: 17604: 17601: 17599: 17596: 17594: 17591: 17589: 17586: 17584: 17581: 17579: 17576: 17574: 17571: 17569: 17566: 17564: 17561: 17559: 17556: 17554: 17551: 17549: 17546: 17544: 17541: 17539: 17536: 17534: 17531: 17529: 17526: 17524: 17521: 17519: 17516: 17514: 17511: 17509: 17506: 17505: 17504: 17501: 17499: 17496: 17495: 17493: 17491: 17487: 17483: 17475: 17472: 17470: 17467: 17465: 17462: 17461: 17460: 17457: 17455: 17452: 17448: 17445: 17444: 17443: 17440: 17436: 17433: 17431: 17428: 17427: 17426: 17423: 17421: 17418: 17414: 17411: 17409: 17406: 17404: 17401: 17399: 17395: 17392: 17391: 17390: 17387: 17384: 17381: 17380: 17378: 17376: 17372: 17366: 17363: 17361: 17358: 17356: 17353: 17349: 17346: 17344: 17341: 17339: 17336: 17334: 17331: 17329: 17326: 17324: 17321: 17319: 17316: 17314: 17311: 17309: 17306: 17304: 17301: 17300: 17299: 17296: 17292: 17289: 17287: 17284: 17283: 17282: 17279: 17278: 17276: 17273: 17269: 17265: 17259: 17256: 17254: 17251: 17249: 17246: 17244: 17241: 17239: 17236: 17234: 17231: 17229: 17226: 17224: 17221: 17220: 17218: 17216: 17212: 17206: 17203: 17201: 17198: 17194: 17191: 17190: 17189: 17186: 17182: 17179: 17177: 17174: 17173: 17172: 17168: 17165: 17163: 17160: 17158: 17155: 17152: 17151: 17149: 17146: 17145:List of popes 17141: 17137: 17134: 17131: 17127: 17123: 17119: 17115: 17108: 17102: 17099: 17097: 17094: 17092: 17089: 17087: 17084: 17082: 17079: 17077: 17074: 17072: 17069: 17067: 17064: 17062: 17059: 17055: 17052: 17050: 17047: 17046: 17045: 17042: 17041: 17039: 17037: 17033: 17025: 17022: 17020: 17017: 17016: 17015: 17012: 17008: 17005: 17004: 17003: 17000: 16997: 16995: 16992: 16990: 16987: 16985: 16982: 16980: 16977: 16975: 16972: 16970: 16967: 16966: 16964: 16962: 16958: 16948: 16945: 16942: 16940: 16937: 16935: 16932: 16930: 16929:Mother of God 16927: 16925: 16922: 16920: 16917: 16915: 16912: 16910: 16907: 16905: 16902: 16901: 16899: 16897: 16893: 16887: 16884: 16882: 16879: 16875: 16872: 16871: 16870: 16867: 16865: 16862: 16860: 16857: 16855: 16852: 16850: 16847: 16846: 16844: 16842: 16838: 16832: 16829: 16827: 16826: 16822: 16820: 16817: 16815: 16814:People of God 16812: 16810: 16809: 16805: 16803: 16802:Infallibility 16800: 16796: 16793: 16791: 16788: 16787: 16786: 16783: 16781: 16778: 16776: 16773: 16771: 16770: 16766: 16765: 16763: 16761: 16757: 16751: 16748: 16744: 16743: 16739: 16737: 16734: 16732: 16729: 16728: 16726: 16724: 16721: 16719: 16716: 16714: 16711: 16709: 16706: 16704: 16701: 16699: 16696: 16694: 16691: 16689: 16686: 16684: 16681: 16679: 16678:Body and soul 16676: 16672: 16669: 16667: 16664: 16663: 16662: 16659: 16658: 16656: 16652: 16649: 16646: 16645: 16640: 16636: 16631: 16627: 16617: 16614: 16612: 16609: 16607: 16604: 16602: 16599: 16597: 16594: 16592: 16589: 16587: 16584: 16582: 16581:Enlightenment 16579: 16577: 16574: 16568: 16565: 16564: 16563: 16560: 16558: 16555: 16554: 16553: 16552:Protestantism 16550: 16549: 16547: 16545: 16541: 16535: 16532: 16530: 16529:Scholasticism 16527: 16525: 16522: 16520: 16517: 16515: 16514:Schism (1378) 16512: 16510: 16507: 16505: 16502: 16500: 16499:Schism (1054) 16497: 16495: 16492: 16490: 16487: 16485: 16482: 16481: 16479: 16477: 16473: 16467: 16464: 16462: 16459: 16457: 16454: 16450: 16447: 16445: 16442: 16441: 16440: 16437: 16435: 16432: 16430: 16427: 16426: 16424: 16422: 16418: 16410: 16407: 16406: 16405: 16402: 16398: 16395: 16394: 16393: 16390: 16386: 16383: 16381: 16378: 16377: 16376: 16373: 16369: 16366: 16364: 16361: 16359: 16356: 16354: 16351: 16350: 16349: 16346: 16345: 16343: 16341: 16337: 16334: 16331: 16327: 16323: 16318: 16314: 16308: 16305: 16303: 16300: 16298: 16295: 16293: 16290: 16289: 16286: 16282: 16275: 16270: 16268: 16263: 16261: 16256: 16255: 16252: 16240: 16235: 16230: 16228: 16218: 16217: 16214: 16206: 16203: 16202: 16201: 16198: 16196: 16193: 16191: 16188: 16186: 16183: 16181: 16178: 16176: 16173: 16171: 16168: 16164: 16161: 16160: 16159: 16156: 16152: 16149: 16148: 16147: 16144: 16142: 16139: 16137: 16134: 16129: 16125: 16124: 16123: 16120: 16119: 16117: 16113: 16107: 16104: 16102: 16099: 16097: 16094: 16090: 16087: 16085: 16084:Congregations 16082: 16080: 16077: 16073: 16070: 16069: 16068: 16065: 16063: 16060: 16059: 16058: 16055: 16051: 16048: 16046: 16043: 16042: 16041: 16038: 16037: 16035: 16031: 16025: 16022: 16020: 16017: 16015: 16012: 16010: 16007: 16005: 16002: 16000: 15997: 15993: 15990: 15989: 15988: 15985: 15983: 15980: 15978: 15974: 15971: 15969: 15966: 15965: 15963: 15961: 15957: 15951: 15948: 15946: 15943: 15941: 15938: 15937: 15935: 15931: 15925: 15922: 15918: 15915: 15914: 15913: 15910: 15908: 15905: 15901: 15898: 15897: 15896: 15893: 15891: 15888: 15886: 15883: 15881: 15878: 15876: 15873: 15871: 15868: 15866: 15863: 15861: 15858: 15856: 15853: 15851: 15848: 15846: 15843: 15842: 15840: 15838: 15834: 15828: 15825: 15821: 15818: 15817: 15816: 15813: 15811: 15808: 15806: 15803: 15801: 15798: 15796: 15793: 15789: 15786: 15785: 15784: 15781: 15777: 15776: 15772: 15769: 15765: 15764: 15763: 15760: 15756: 15753: 15752: 15751: 15748: 15747: 15745: 15741: 15735: 15732: 15730: 15727: 15725: 15722: 15720: 15717: 15713: 15710: 15709: 15708: 15705: 15703: 15700: 15698: 15697:Infallibility 15695: 15694: 15692: 15690:Proclamations 15688: 15682: 15679: 15677: 15674: 15672: 15669: 15667: 15664: 15662: 15659: 15657: 15654: 15652: 15651:Coats of arms 15649: 15648: 15646: 15644: 15640: 15634: 15631: 15629: 15626: 15624: 15621: 15619: 15616: 15614: 15611: 15609: 15606: 15604: 15601: 15599: 15596: 15594: 15591: 15589: 15586: 15585: 15583: 15580: 15575: 15571: 15565: 15562: 15560: 15557: 15555: 15552: 15550: 15547: 15546: 15544: 15542: 15538: 15531: 15527: 15524: 15521: 15518: 15514: 15511: 15509: 15506: 15505: 15504: 15501: 15498: 15495: 15494: 15492: 15488: 15474: 15471: 15467: 15462: 15459: 15458: 15457: 15453: 15449: 15446: 15445: 15443: 15440: 15436: 15431: 15427: 15417: 15414: 15413: 15412: 15409: 15408: 15407: 15403: 15399: 15398: 15395: 15391: 15390: 15388: 15385: 15380: 15376: 15373: 15371: 15367: 15363: 15359: 15355: 15350: 15346: 15339: 15334: 15332: 15327: 15325: 15320: 15319: 15316: 15304: 15303: 15298: 15294: 15292: 15291: 15282: 15281: 15278: 15265: 15262: 15259: 15256: 15255: 15253: 15250: 15247: 15244: 15241: 15238: 15235: 15232: 15229: 15226: 15223: 15220: 15217: 15214: 15213: 15211: 15205: 15198: 15195: 15192: 15189: 15184: 15181: 15178: 15175: 15172: 15169: 15168: 15166: 15163: 15160: 15157: 15154: 15153: 15151: 15147:High and Late 15145: 15138: 15135: 15132: 15131: 15127: 15124: 15121: 15118: 15115: 15112: 15109: 15104: 15101: 15100: 15098: 15095: 15094: 15092: 15090: 15084: 15081: 15079: 15075: 15069: 15066: 15064: 15061: 15059: 15056: 15054: 15051: 15049: 15046: 15044: 15041: 15039: 15036: 15034: 15031: 15029: 15026: 15024: 15021: 15019: 15016: 15014: 15011: 15009: 15006: 15004: 15001: 14999: 14996: 14994: 14991: 14989: 14986: 14984: 14981: 14979: 14976: 14974: 14971: 14969: 14966: 14964: 14963:Benedict XIII 14961: 14959: 14958:Innocent XIII 14956: 14954: 14951: 14949: 14946: 14944: 14941: 14939: 14936: 14934: 14931: 14929: 14926: 14924: 14923:Alexander VII 14921: 14919: 14916: 14914: 14911: 14909: 14906: 14904: 14901: 14899: 14896: 14895: 14893: 14889: 14883: 14880: 14878: 14875: 14873: 14870: 14868: 14865: 14863: 14860: 14858: 14855: 14853: 14850: 14848: 14845: 14843: 14840: 14838: 14835: 14833: 14830: 14828: 14825: 14823: 14820: 14818: 14815: 14813: 14810: 14808: 14805: 14803: 14800: 14798: 14795: 14793: 14792:Innocent VIII 14790: 14788: 14785: 14783: 14780: 14778: 14775: 14773: 14772:Callixtus III 14770: 14768: 14765: 14763: 14760: 14758: 14755: 14753: 14750: 14748: 14745: 14743: 14740: 14738: 14735: 14733: 14730: 14728: 14725: 14723: 14720: 14718: 14715: 14713: 14710: 14708: 14705: 14703: 14700: 14698: 14695: 14693: 14692:Boniface VIII 14690: 14688: 14685: 14683: 14680: 14678: 14675: 14673: 14670: 14668: 14665: 14663: 14660: 14658: 14655: 14653: 14650: 14648: 14645: 14643: 14640: 14638: 14635: 14633: 14630: 14628: 14625: 14623: 14620: 14618: 14615: 14613: 14610: 14609: 14607: 14603: 14597: 14594: 14592: 14591:Celestine III 14589: 14587: 14584: 14582: 14579: 14577: 14574: 14572: 14569: 14567: 14566:Alexander III 14564: 14562: 14559: 14557: 14556:Anastasius IV 14554: 14552: 14549: 14547: 14544: 14542: 14539: 14537: 14534: 14532: 14529: 14527: 14524: 14522: 14519: 14517: 14514: 14512: 14509: 14507: 14504: 14502: 14499: 14497: 14494: 14492: 14489: 14487: 14484: 14482: 14479: 14477: 14474: 14472: 14469: 14467: 14464: 14462: 14459: 14457: 14456:Sylvester III 14454: 14452: 14449: 14447: 14444: 14442: 14441:Benedict VIII 14439: 14437: 14434: 14432: 14429: 14427: 14424: 14422: 14419: 14417: 14414: 14412: 14409: 14407: 14404: 14402: 14399: 14397: 14394: 14392: 14389: 14387: 14384: 14382: 14379: 14377: 14374: 14372: 14369: 14367: 14364: 14362: 14359: 14357: 14354: 14352: 14349: 14347: 14344: 14342: 14339: 14337: 14334: 14332: 14329: 14327: 14324: 14322: 14319: 14317: 14314: 14312: 14309: 14307: 14304: 14302: 14299: 14297: 14294: 14292: 14289: 14287: 14284: 14282: 14279: 14277: 14274: 14272: 14269: 14267: 14264: 14262: 14259: 14257: 14254: 14252: 14249: 14247: 14244: 14242: 14239: 14237: 14234: 14232: 14229: 14227: 14224: 14222: 14219: 14217: 14214: 14212: 14209: 14208: 14206: 14202: 14196: 14193: 14191: 14188: 14186: 14183: 14181: 14178: 14176: 14173: 14171: 14168: 14166: 14163: 14161: 14158: 14156: 14153: 14151: 14148: 14146: 14143: 14141: 14138: 14136: 14133: 14131: 14128: 14126: 14123: 14121: 14118: 14116: 14113: 14111: 14108: 14106: 14103: 14101: 14098: 14096: 14093: 14091: 14088: 14086: 14083: 14081: 14078: 14076: 14073: 14071: 14068: 14066: 14063: 14061: 14058: 14056: 14053: 14051: 14048: 14046: 14043: 14041: 14038: 14036: 14033: 14031: 14028: 14026: 14023: 14021: 14018: 14016: 14013: 14011: 14008: 14006: 14003: 14001: 13998: 13996: 13993: 13991: 13988: 13986: 13983: 13981: 13978: 13976: 13973: 13971: 13968: 13966: 13965:Anastasius II 13963: 13961: 13958: 13956: 13953: 13951: 13948: 13946: 13943: 13941: 13938: 13936: 13933: 13931: 13928: 13926: 13923: 13921: 13918: 13916: 13913: 13912: 13910: 13906: 13900: 13897: 13895: 13892: 13890: 13887: 13885: 13882: 13880: 13877: 13875: 13872: 13870: 13867: 13865: 13862: 13860: 13857: 13855: 13852: 13850: 13847: 13845: 13842: 13840: 13837: 13835: 13832: 13830: 13827: 13825: 13822: 13820: 13817: 13815: 13812: 13810: 13807: 13805: 13802: 13800: 13797: 13795: 13792: 13790: 13787: 13785: 13782: 13780: 13777: 13775: 13772: 13770: 13767: 13765: 13762: 13760: 13757: 13755: 13752: 13750: 13747: 13745: 13742: 13740: 13737: 13735: 13732: 13730: 13727: 13725: 13722: 13720: 13717: 13715: 13712: 13710: 13707: 13706: 13704: 13700: 13694: 13691: 13687: 13684: 13683: 13682: 13681:Pope emeritus 13679: 13677: 13674: 13670: 13667: 13665: 13662: 13661: 13659: 13657: 13654: 13650: 13647: 13645: 13642: 13641: 13640: 13639:List of popes 13637: 13636: 13633: 13629: 13625: 13618: 13613: 13611: 13606: 13604: 13599: 13598: 13595: 13588: 13585: 13582: 13579: 13576: 13573: 13570: 13569:Pope Leo XIII 13566: 13563: 13561: 13558: 13556: 13553: 13552: 13542: 13536: 13532: 13528: 13524: 13520: 13514: 13510: 13509: 13503: 13499: 13493: 13489: 13488: 13482: 13478: 13474: 13470: 13469:The Bad Popes 13465: 13461: 13457: 13452: 13451: 13444: 13443: 13424: 13420: 13416: 13412: 13411: 13406: 13402: 13398: 13394: 13390: 13389: 13385:(1891–1930). 13384: 13380: 13376: 13370: 13366: 13362: 13358: 13354: 13348: 13344: 13339: 13335: 13329: 13325: 13320: 13316: 13310: 13306: 13305: 13300: 13296: 13292: 13288: 13284: 13280: 13276: 13272: 13266: 13262: 13257: 13245: 13241: 13237: 13233: 13229: 13225: 13221: 13217: 13212: 13208: 13202: 13198: 13197: 13191: 13186: 13185: 13178: 13174: 13168: 13164: 13163: 13158: 13154: 13150: 13144: 13140: 13139: 13134: 13130: 13126: 13120: 13116: 13115: 13110: 13106: 13102: 13096: 13092: 13088: 13084: 13080: 13074: 13070: 13069: 13063: 13059: 13053: 13049: 13044: 13043: 13030: 13026: 13022: 13017: 13010: 13006: 13000: 12984: 12980: 12974: 12958: 12954: 12948: 12941: 12937: 12934: 12929: 12923: 12917: 12911: 12907: 12904: 12898: 12891: 12887: 12883: 12880: 12876: 12872: 12869: 12863: 12847: 12843: 12837: 12821: 12817: 12811: 12803: 12799: 12793: 12777: 12773: 12767: 12751: 12747: 12741: 12733: 12729: 12723: 12716: 12712: 12709: 12704: 12697: 12693: 12690: 12689: 12682: 12676:by Mark Jeske 12675: 12671: 12668: 12664: 12660: 12657: 12656: 12649: 12643: 12642: 12638: 12635: 12630: 12626: 12622: 12619: 12613: 12597: 12593: 12587: 12571: 12567: 12563: 12557: 12541: 12537: 12532: 12524: 12516: 12512: 12508: 12501: 12485: 12481: 12476: 12468: 12452: 12448: 12444: 12437: 12421: 12417: 12413: 12406: 12398: 12394: 12390: 12383: 12367: 12363: 12359: 12352: 12336: 12332: 12326: 12310: 12306: 12304:9780754624332 12300: 12296: 12295: 12287: 12271: 12267: 12260: 12244: 12240: 12236: 12229: 12213: 12209: 12205: 12201: 12197: 12190: 12174: 12170: 12166: 12162: 12158: 12151: 12143: 12137: 12133: 12126: 12110: 12106: 12102: 12095: 12079: 12075: 12071: 12064: 12058: 12054: 12051: 12049: 12041: 12035: 12031: 12028: 12022: 12016: 12010: 12004: 11998: 11982: 11978: 11972: 11956: 11952: 11950: 11949:Lumen gentium 11942: 11933: 11924: 11915: 11906: 11900: 11896: 11893: 11889: 11885: 11882: 11878: 11872: 11865: 11861: 11857: 11853: 11849: 11845: 11841: 11837: 11833: 11832:Pope Paul III 11829: 11825: 11821: 11815: 11799: 11795: 11791: 11785: 11769: 11765: 11761: 11754: 11738: 11734: 11728: 11712: 11708: 11702: 11686: 11682: 11678: 11672: 11656: 11652: 11648: 11642: 11626: 11622: 11618: 11612: 11596: 11592: 11590: 11582: 11575: 11571: 11568: 11564: 11560: 11556: 11552: 11551: 11544: 11528: 11524: 11522: 11514: 11498: 11492: 11476: 11472: 11466: 11458: 11457: 11451: 11443: 11437: 11433: 11429: 11425: 11420: 11418: 11410: 11406: 11403: 11398: 11382: 11378: 11377: 11372: 11366: 11358: 11352: 11348: 11343: 11342: 11336: 11329: 11322: 11318: 11312: 11296: 11292: 11288: 11282: 11266: 11262: 11256: 11248: 11247: 11241: 11233: 11227: 11223: 11219: 11215: 11211: 11207: 11203: 11199: 11195: 11191: 11187: 11183: 11179: 11175: 11171: 11167: 11163: 11159: 11155: 11151: 11147: 11143: 11139: 11135: 11131: 11127: 11123: 11119: 11115: 11111: 11107: 11101: 11095: 11091: 11088: 11084: 11081: 11077: 11069: 11068:Ancient Greek 11063: 11056: 11052: 11047: 11031: 11027: 11026: 11018: 11010: 11009: 11004: 11000: 10994: 10992: 10984: 10980: 10977: 10973: 10972:90-74461-49-2 10969: 10965: 10961: 10955: 10939: 10935: 10934: 10929: 10923: 10907: 10903: 10901: 10893: 10877: 10873: 10867: 10851: 10847: 10841: 10837: 10836: 10828: 10812: 10808: 10806: 10805:Lumen gentium 10798: 10782: 10778: 10772: 10768: 10767: 10759: 10752: 10751:85-15-01750-4 10748: 10744: 10738: 10732: 10726: 10710: 10706: 10702: 10696: 10680: 10676: 10672: 10666: 10650: 10646: 10640: 10636: 10635: 10627: 10625: 10618: 10614: 10610: 10606: 10601: 10594: 10593:0-06-065303-5 10590: 10586: 10582: 10576: 10574: 10565: 10564: 10558: 10550: 10548: 10546: 10539: 10538:John 21:16–17 10534: 10518: 10514: 10510: 10504: 10488: 10484: 10478: 10462: 10458: 10452: 10436: 10432: 10425: 10409: 10405: 10404: 10399: 10393: 10385: 10384: 10378: 10370: 10363: 10359: 10355: 10350: 10334: 10330: 10326: 10319: 10303: 10299: 10293: 10283: 10267: 10263: 10259: 10253: 10251: 10234: 10230: 10228: 10220: 10213: 10207: 10191: 10187: 10183: 10182:"Hammer Time" 10177: 10161: 10157: 10155: 10147: 10131: 10127: 10123: 10120:Fisher, Max. 10116: 10100: 10096: 10092: 10086: 10079: 10074: 10067: 10063: 10061: 10056: 10052: 10049: 10045: 10041: 10038: 10034: 10030: 10027: 10026: 10020: 10016: 10012: 10006: 9999: 9995: 9992: 9986: 9979: 9975: 9971: 9968: 9963: 9956: 9952: 9948: 9945: 9940: 9924: 9920: 9913: 9906: 9902: 9898: 9895: 9890: 9883: 9880: 9876: 9873: 9868: 9862: 9858: 9855: 9849: 9842: 9836: 9829: 9825: 9821: 9818: 9813: 9806: 9803: 9799: 9796: 9791: 9776:on 5 May 2013 9775: 9771: 9765: 9749: 9745: 9741: 9734: 9718: 9714: 9708: 9704: 9703: 9695: 9688: 9683: 9667: 9663: 9657: 9650: 9645: 9639: 9638:Matthew 16:18 9634: 9628: 9623: 9617: 9616:Matthew 16:19 9612: 9606: 9601: 9585: 9581: 9577: 9571: 9555: 9551: 9550: 9545: 9538: 9531: 9527: 9524: 9519: 9512: 9508: 9505: 9500: 9493: 9489: 9486: 9481: 9474: 9461: 9457: 9453: 9449: 9443: 9436: 9423: 9419: 9415: 9411: 9405: 9398: 9385: 9381: 9377: 9373: 9369: 9363: 9356: 9343: 9339: 9335: 9331: 9325: 9309: 9305: 9301: 9297: 9291: 9284: 9271: 9267: 9263: 9259: 9253: 9247: 9242: 9236: 9235:Luke 22:31–32 9231: 9225: 9220: 9204: 9200: 9196: 9190: 9174: 9170: 9166: 9160: 9144: 9140: 9136: 9130: 9114: 9110: 9109: 9101: 9085: 9081: 9077: 9071: 9055: 9051: 9047: 9041: 9027: 9023: 9019: 9015: 9009: 8993: 8989: 8988: 8980: 8964: 8960: 8956: 8950: 8936: 8932: 8928: 8924: 8918: 8902: 8898: 8892: 8888: 8887: 8879: 8871: 8865: 8849: 8845: 8839: 8835: 8834: 8826: 8810: 8806: 8800: 8796: 8795: 8787: 8771: 8767: 8763: 8757: 8741: 8737: 8733: 8727: 8720: 8714: 8698: 8694: 8693: 8685: 8677: 8671: 8667: 8663: 8662: 8654: 8638: 8634: 8628: 8624: 8623: 8615: 8599: 8595: 8589: 8585: 8584: 8576: 8560: 8556: 8552: 8546: 8539: 8533: 8526: 8521: 8514: 8509: 8507: 8499: 8494: 8487: 8483: 8479: 8473: 8466: 8465:0-8091-4234-1 8462: 8458: 8452: 8436: 8432: 8426: 8419: 8415: 8412: 8407: 8405: 8398: 8394: 8390: 8385: 8383: 8375: 8370: 8368: 8366: 8358: 8353: 8346: 8341: 8339: 8337: 8329: 8328:0-631-17566-0 8325: 8321: 8315: 8313: 8305: 8299: 8297: 8289: 8288:0-7922-7317-6 8285: 8279: 8272: 8268: 8265: 8260: 8253: 8249: 8245: 8239: 8237: 8228: 8227: 8221: 8213: 8206: 8202: 8199: 8193: 8186: 8185:1-85424-658-5 8182: 8178: 8172: 8157: 8153: 8147: 8140: 8134: 8118: 8114: 8110: 8104: 8097: 8092: 8085: 8080: 8073: 8068: 8059: 8050: 8043: 8039: 8035: 8032: 8026: 8019: 8014: 8006: 8000: 7996: 7992: 7991: 7983: 7975: 7969: 7965: 7961: 7960: 7952: 7950: 7942: 7938: 7933: 7925: 7919: 7912: 7896: 7892: 7891: 7886: 7879: 7863: 7859: 7853: 7844: 7828: 7824: 7820: 7814: 7806: 7800: 7796: 7792: 7791: 7783: 7775: 7769: 7765: 7761: 7760: 7752: 7750: 7733: 7729: 7727: 7726:Lumen gentium 7719: 7710: 7694: 7690: 7684: 7675: 7668: 7662: 7654: 7648: 7644: 7643:Papal Primacy 7637: 7629: 7623: 7619: 7612: 7604: 7598: 7594: 7587: 7579: 7573: 7569: 7562: 7554: 7548: 7544: 7537: 7530: 7524: 7517: 7511: 7507: 7500: 7498: 7496: 7494: 7492: 7483: 7479: 7475: 7471: 7467: 7463: 7459: 7455: 7448: 7432: 7428: 7424: 7418: 7402: 7398: 7394: 7388: 7372: 7368: 7364: 7358: 7350: 7346: 7340: 7334: 7330: 7326: 7321: 7313: 7312: 7306: 7298: 7291: 7290:85-15-01750-4 7287: 7283: 7279: 7275: 7269: 7260: 7258: 7256: 7254: 7252: 7250: 7248: 7246: 7244: 7236: 7232: 7224: 7218: 7202: 7198: 7192: 7184: 7180: 7174: 7158: 7154: 7150: 7144: 7128: 7124: 7123: 7118: 7112: 7110: 7101: 7095: 7091: 7087: 7086: 7078: 7063: 7062: 7057: 7051: 7038: 7034: 7020: 7016: 7012: 7006: 6997: 6990: 6989:Inter caetera 6986: 6982: 6978: 6972: 6965: 6959: 6952: 6951: 6944: 6943: 6936: 6927: 6923: 6912: 6911:Cadaver Synod 6909: 6907: 6904: 6902: 6899: 6897: 6894: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6872: 6869: 6867: 6866:List of popes 6864: 6862: 6859: 6857: 6854: 6852: 6849: 6847: 6844: 6842: 6841:Caesaropapism 6839: 6837: 6834: 6833: 6826: 6824: 6820: 6814: 6812: 6808: 6804: 6803: 6798: 6792: 6790: 6789:list of popes 6786: 6782: 6778: 6774: 6767: 6764: 6761: 6758: 6755: 6751: 6748: 6745: 6742: 6739: 6736: 6733: 6730: 6727: 6724: 6721: 6718: 6715: 6712: 6709: 6705: 6702: 6701: 6700: 6693: 6689: 6680: 6678: 6674: 6666: 6663: 6660: 6657: 6654: 6653:Alexander III 6651: 6648: 6645: 6642: 6639: 6636: 6633: 6630: 6627: 6624: 6621: 6618: 6615: 6605: 6602: 6601: 6600: 6594: 6590: 6576: 6574: 6570: 6566: 6562: 6558: 6548: 6546: 6542: 6538: 6534: 6530: 6526: 6522: 6517: 6515: 6511: 6507: 6503: 6493: 6491: 6487: 6483: 6479: 6469: 6466: 6465:authorities. 6457: 6455: 6449: 6445: 6441: 6431: 6429: 6423: 6421: 6417: 6413: 6409: 6405: 6401: 6397: 6393: 6389: 6385: 6381: 6373: 6369: 6365: 6361: 6354: 6350: 6346: 6342: 6340: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6324: 6320: 6316: 6312: 6309: 6305: 6301: 6297: 6293: 6287: 6285: 6281: 6277: 6271: 6261: 6259: 6258: 6253: 6249: 6245: 6241: 6237: 6233: 6229: 6219: 6213: 6209: 6205: 6201: 6197: 6188: 6184: 6182: 6178: 6174: 6169: 6167: 6163: 6159: 6154: 6150: 6145: 6142: 6136: 6134: 6130: 6126: 6122: 6121:head of state 6116: 6106: 6104: 6100: 6096: 6090: 6088: 6084: 6083: 6078: 6074: 6073: 6068: 6064: 6063: 6062:Inter caetera 6058: 6054: 6050: 6046: 6042: 6038: 6037: 6032: 6028: 6025:Papal bulls, 6023: 6021: 6017: 6012: 6010: 6006: 6002: 5998: 5994: 5993:Roman emperor 5990: 5986: 5982: 5978: 5974: 5970: 5965: 5961: 5953: 5949: 5940: 5934: 5930: 5926: 5922: 5919: 5916: 5912: 5909: 5906: 5902: 5899: 5896: 5892: 5889: 5886: 5882: 5875: 5870: 5865: 5861: 5851: 5849: 5845: 5840: 5838: 5834: 5830: 5826: 5821: 5817: 5816:Apostolic See 5812: 5810: 5806: 5802: 5798: 5794: 5790: 5789:official seat 5777: 5773: 5772:Pope Pius VII 5769: 5758: 5753: 5751: 5746: 5744: 5739: 5738: 5736: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5718: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5697: 5696: 5695: 5688: 5686: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5660: 5659:Raphael Rooms 5657: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5636: 5633: 5628: 5627: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5574:Casina Pio IV 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5480: 5477: 5475: 5472: 5470: 5467: 5465: 5462: 5460: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5450: 5447: 5445: 5442: 5440: 5437: 5435: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5425: 5422: 5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5405: 5402: 5400: 5397: 5395: 5392: 5390: 5387: 5385: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5375: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5365: 5362: 5360: 5357: 5355: 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5340: 5337: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5325: 5322: 5321: 5315: 5314: 5306: 5305: 5301: 5299: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5276: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5252: 5249: 5248: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5233: 5230: 5225: 5224: 5215: 5212: 5211: 5210: 5207: 5204: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5190: 5187: 5183: 5180: 5179: 5178: 5175: 5174: 5168: 5167: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5101: 5098: 5093: 5092: 5085: 5082: 5081: 5077: 5074: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5063: 5059: 5056: 5054: 5051: 5050: 5044: 5040: 5038: 5034: 5033: 5032: 5029: 5025: 5022: 5021: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5001: 4998: 4993: 4992: 4985: 4982: 4978: 4975: 4974: 4973: 4970: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4947: 4946: 4944: 4943: 4941: 4937: 4936: 4932: 4931: 4929: 4926: 4924: 4921: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4908: 4907: 4904: 4900: 4897: 4896: 4895: 4892: 4888: 4885: 4884: 4883: 4880: 4879: 4876: 4871: 4870: 4858: 4857: 4856: 4853: 4846: 4845: 4844: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4830: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4823:Vical General 4821: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4810:(Chamberlain) 4808: 4804: 4803: 4802: 4799: 4795: 4792: 4791: 4790: 4787: 4783: 4780: 4779: 4778: 4775: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4742: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4728: 4724: 4720: 4719: 4718: 4715: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4705:Vatican Radio 4703: 4701: 4698: 4696: 4693: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4675: 4671: 4668: 4667: 4663: 4661: 4658: 4657: 4656: 4653: 4649: 4646: 4643: 4639: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4629: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4614: 4611: 4606: 4605: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4575: 4574: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4557: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4538: 4537: 4532: 4529: 4528: 4523: 4522: 4521: 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4495: 4491: 4490: 4487: 4482: 4481: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4428: 4422: 4419: 4416: 4413: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4400: 4398: 4394: 4391: 4388: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4370: 4368: 4365: 4362: 4359: 4356: 4355:Duchy of Rome 4353: 4352: 4349: 4344: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4316: 4308: 4306: 4300: 4297: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4277: 4265: 4264: 4259: 4255: 4254:Pope Pius XII 4251: 4241: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4227: 4223: 4219: 4213: 4205: 4200: 4196: 4180: 4177:February 2022 4171: 4167: 4163: 4160: 4156: 4155: 4142: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4107: 4105: 4101: 4096: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4077: 4073: 4069: 4066:) behind the 4065: 4061: 4057: 4049: 4044: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4017: 4016: 4011: 4007: 4003: 4002: 3998: 3995: 3991: 3990: 3986: 3983: 3980: 3979: 3977: 3967: 3965: 3961: 3950: 3943: 3933: 3926: 3912: 3910: 3909: 3904: 3900: 3896: 3886: 3884: 3880: 3875: 3871: 3867: 3861: 3857: 3851: 3841: 3839: 3835: 3831: 3827: 3823: 3819: 3815: 3805: 3803: 3799: 3795: 3791: 3790:Julius Caesar 3787: 3783: 3779: 3777: 3773: 3769: 3764: 3762: 3758: 3754: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3735:New Testament 3732: 3728: 3723: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3705: 3685: 3684:Ancient Greek 3681: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3653: 3649: 3644: 3635: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3600: 3597: 3595: 3594:Ut unum sint, 3589: 3588:(1145–1153). 3587: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3558: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3538: 3536: 3531: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3516: 3511: 3509: 3508:papa pontifex 3505: 3499: 3497: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3481: 3477: 3473: 3469: 3465: 3459: 3457: 3456: 3449: 3439: 3437: 3423: 3422: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3402:Your Holiness 3401: 3397: 3394: 3391: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3376: 3373: 3363: 3355: 3353: 3349: 3345: 3339: 3329: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3314:lies in state 3310: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3294: 3291: 3287: 3284:. During the 3283: 3279: 3275: 3267: 3262: 3253: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3238: 3236: 3232: 3231:sedevacantism 3228: 3224: 3220: 3215: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3204: 3199: 3195: 3194: 3189: 3188: 3183: 3179: 3178: 3173: 3169: 3164: 3162: 3158: 3156: 3155:Habemus Papam 3150: 3146: 3141: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3122:Room of Tears 3118: 3116: 3111: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3096: 3094: 3090: 3089: 3088:fumata bianca 3084: 3083: 3078: 3075:visible from 3069: 3068:Habemus Papam 3064: 3060: 3058: 3057: 3052: 3048: 3047: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3022: 3021:Pope Martin V 3018: 3013: 3009: 3007: 3002: 2998: 2997: 2991: 2986: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2967: 2963: 2962: 2956: 2951: 2929: 2925: 2919:Isaiah, 22:23 2915: 2911: 2900: 2896: 2890:Isaiah, 22:22 2886: 2882: 2880: 2875: 2868: 2863: 2859: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2848:Old Testament 2845: 2835: 2833: 2832: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2811: 2806: 2803: 2800: 2795: 2792: 2789: 2783: 2780: 2779: 2778: 2775: 2773: 2772: 2767: 2761: 2744: 2739: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2716: 2704: 2699: 2697: 2685: 2680: 2678: 2666: 2665: 2653: 2650: 2646: 2640: 2638: 2634: 2632: 2627: 2623: 2615: 2614: 2597: 2592: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2581: 2569: 2565: 2563: 2559: 2558: 2546: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2533:; after him, 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2498: 2496: 2492: 2491: 2482: 2481: 2469: 2467: 2460: 2458: 2454: 2446: 2445: 2440: 2430: 2420: 2418: 2413: 2410: 2405: 2401: 2400:Pope Pius XII 2396: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2379:In 1929, the 2377: 2375: 2371: 2368: 2363: 2362: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2339: 2337: 2333: 2332:Pope Paul III 2329: 2324: 2322: 2318: 2311: 2307: 2306:Pope Paul III 2302: 2293: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2273: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2258: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2235: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2220: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2201: 2199: 2194: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2172: 2167: 2158: 2156: 2155:First Crusade 2153:, called the 2152: 2148: 2144: 2143:Pope Urban II 2140: 2136: 2135:Mediterranean 2132: 2127: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2096: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2082: 2077: 2074: 2069: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2050: 2048: 2044: 2043:Pope Leo VIII 2040: 2036: 2032: 2031:Pope John XII 2028: 2025:era, and the 2024: 2019: 2018: 2011: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1996:Constantine V 1993: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1964: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1935: 1920: 1908: 1899: 1897: 1893: 1889: 1885: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1856: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1816: 1806: 1804: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1772: 1767: 1765: 1760: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1745: 30–130 1738: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1719: 1716: 1711: 1701: 30–325 1693: 1689: 1686: 1685:Pope Victor I 1680: 1678: 1672: 1670: 1660: 1656: 1653: 1652:Church Father 1648: 1644: 1643: 1642:Lumen gentium 1636: 1634: 1630: 1620: 1617: 1616: 1610: 1606: 1605:Pope Vitalian 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1585: 1578: 1573: 1569: 1568: 1561: 1559: 1547: 1537: 1535: 1531: 1523: 1519: 1514: 1513: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1494: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 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18708:Chiaramonti 18648:Scala Regia 18560:Papal tombs 18483:Borgo Nuovo 18456:Papal tombs 18281:Health care 18267:Pax Christi 18219:Schoenstatt 18184:Sant'Egidio 18016:Legionaries 17996:Franciscans 17971:Cistercians 17966:Carthusians 17921:Annonciades 17780:Altarpieces 17673:West Syriac 17668:East Syriac 17648:Alexandrian 17272:Holy orders 17253:Swiss Guard 17193:Dicasteries 17188:Roman Curia 17086:Evangelists 17044:Holy Family 16979:Personalism 16969:Natural law 16947:Josephology 16881:Holy orders 16519:Inquisition 16476:Middle Ages 16466:Monasticism 16434:Constantine 16358:Crucifixion 16170:Swiss Guard 16089:Dicasteries 16067:Commissions 16057:Roman Curia 15977:Swiss Guard 15750:Arbitration 15579:Papal names 15468:along with 15266:(1945–1991) 15260:(1939–1945) 15248:(1870–1929) 15242:(1775–1848) 15230:(1585–1689) 15224:(1534–1585) 15218:(1417–1534) 15199:(1378–1417) 15193:(1309–1378) 15185:, 1228–1304 15179:, 1262–1297 15173:, 1257–1281 15164:(1048–1257) 15149:Middle Ages 15089:Middle Ages 15053:John Paul I 15028:Benedict XV 15008:Gregory XVI 14983:Clement XIV 14968:Clement XII 14938:Innocent XI 14877:Innocent IX 14872:Gregory XIV 14822:Clement VII 14752:Gregory XII 14742:Boniface IX 14722:Innocent VI 14697:Benedict XI 14687:Celestine V 14682:Nicholas IV 14677:Honorius IV 14627:Innocent IV 14586:Clement III 14536:Innocent II 14531:Honorius II 14521:Gelasius II 14501:Gregory VII 14491:Nicholas II 14451:Benedict IX 14396:Benedict VI 14371:Agapetus II 14346:Stephen VII 14321:Sergius III 14311:Benedict IV 14301:Theodore II 14286:Boniface VI 14185:Stephen III 14165:Gregory III 14155:Constantine 14120:Benedict II 14055:Adeodatus I 14050:Boniface IV 14030:Pelagius II 13990:Boniface II 13930:Celestine I 13869:Sylvester I 13854:Marcellus I 13849:Marcellinus 13784:Callixtus I 13769:Eleutherius 13744:Telesphorus 13734:Alexander I 13656:Papal names 13487:Pope-pourri 13367:. Scepter. 12826:18 February 12756:24 February 12602:17 December 12315:14 November 11521:Lumen fidei 11434:), article 11036:18 February 10912:21 November 10882:21 November 10787:21 November 10655:18 February 10615:), article 10523:17 February 10493:21 November 10467:21 November 10441:18 February 10339:12 February 9989:Ap. Const. 9905:nytimes.com 9090:10 November 8703:18 February 8643:18 February 8525:Durant 1957 8513:Durant 1957 8441:18 February 8374:Durant 1950 8357:Durant 1950 8345:Durant 1950 8020:by Chadwick 7993:. pp. 7868:21 February 7847:Gröber, 510 7454:Geopolitics 7437:27 November 6802:consecratio 6726:Theodore II 6714:Boniface VI 6617:Bl. Pius IX 6604:Saint Peter 6565:Legio Maria 6480:due to the 6294:stood in a 6212:indulgences 6014:Popes like 5787:The pope's 5464:Scala Regia 5439:Papal tombs 5209:Papal tiara 5076:Visa policy 4916:Roman Curia 4833:President: 4794:Noble Guard 4369:(754–1870) 4287:magisterium 4270: 1955 4258:Papal tiara 4150:Development 4115:Pope Pius V 4092:archbishops 3838:papal bulls 3743:Koine Greek 3716:high priest 3574:Holy Spirit 3523:Marcellinus 3430:Regnal name 3410:Holy Father 3352:Gregory XII 3332:Resignation 3326:novendialis 3309:is sealed. 3299:John Paul I 3264:Funeral of 3227:interregnum 3115:regnal name 3082:fumata nera 3023:was elected 3006:acclamation 2975:Gregory XVI 2964:painted by 2852:royal court 2838:New Eliakim 2409:ex cathedra 2370:seized Rome 2361:ex cathedra 2251:Jean Gerson 2228:indulgences 2198:Middle Ages 2114:, in which 2073:investiture 2066:concubinage 2008:Charlemagne 1926: 1610 1902:Middle Ages 1633:Saint Peter 1629:shepherding 1534:health care 1512:ex cathedra 1475:Middle Ages 1388:Saint Peter 1168:Regionarius 1158:Protodeacon 1153:Protopriest 1093:Minor canon 594:Consecrator 358:Saint Peter 315:Holy Father 260:Holy Father 218:1st century 214:Established 198:Saint Peter 189:Information 23222:Categories 22987:and events 22742:San Marino 22702:Montenegro 22682:Luxembourg 22662:Kazakhstan 22562:Azerbaijan 22525:government 22412:San Marino 22372:Montenegro 22352:Luxembourg 22332:Kazakhstan 22232:Azerbaijan 21979:(725–1451) 21971:(568–1751) 21959:(476–1517) 21844:(280–1552) 21678:Alexandria 21435:light blue 21116:Roman Rite 20997:Tertullian 20896:Vatican II 20783:(560–1451) 20771:(560–1751) 20745:Alexandria 20544:Roman Rota 20442:Papal farm 20375:Palace of 20267:Hill area 20155:Properties 20041:Palestrina 19913:Concordats 19772:Government 19742:Governance 19038:See also: 18969:Government 18941:Governance 18688:Historical 18658:altarpiece 18643:Sala Regia 18393:Properties 18036:Oratorians 17991:Dominicans 17961:Carmelites 17956:Camillians 17904:institutes 17717:Tridentine 17653:Antiochian 17573:Macedonian 17518:Belarusian 17408:Provincial 17323:Archbishop 17243:Roman Rota 17205:Properties 17130:By country 17126:Precedence 17091:Confessors 17071:Archangels 17061:Patriarchs 16961:Philosophy 16939:Veneration 16904:Assumption 16874:Last rites 16841:Sacraments 16785:Four marks 16596:Vatican II 16544:Modern era 16380:Succession 16024:Theologian 15968:Camerlengo 15940:Popemobile 15800:Consistory 15795:Coronation 15768:Pontifical 15755:Deposition 15743:Activities 15719:Encyclical 15681:Umbraculum 15354:Episcopate 15209:Modern Era 15139:(974–1012) 15043:John XXIII 14953:Clement XI 14928:Clement IX 14918:Innocent X 14913:Urban VIII 14908:Gregory XV 14832:Julius III 14767:Nicholas V 14732:Gregory XI 14717:Clement VI 14652:Innocent V 14642:Clement IV 14617:Gregory IX 14571:Lucius III 14551:Eugene III 14516:Paschal II 14506:Victor III 14486:Stephen IX 14471:Damasus II 14466:Clement II 14461:Gregory VI 14436:Sergius IV 14431:John XVIII 14381:Benedict V 14366:Marinus II 14291:Stephen VI 14271:Adrian III 14251:Nicholas I 14236:Sergius II 14231:Gregory IV 14211:Stephen IV 14175:Stephen II 14160:Gregory II 14080:Theodore I 14065:Honorius I 14060:Boniface V 14025:Benedict I 14015:Pelagius I 14000:Agapetus I 13960:Gelasius I 13950:Simplicius 13935:Sixtus III 13925:Boniface I 13915:Innocent I 13779:Zephyrinus 13693:Pope-elect 13669:non-extant 13299:Küng, Hans 12852:1 December 12482:. London. 11987:5 November 11844:Pope Leo X 11691:2 December 11661:23 October 11631:23 October 11533:15 January 11271:7 November 11106:Mark 15:11 11003:"Pontifex" 10962:in series 10928:"Pontifex" 10817:27 January 10287:centuries. 10272:15 January 10196:2 November 10186:Snopes.com 9672:17 January 9330:Gill, John 9246:John 21:17 8984:Irenaeus. 8675:0203484312 8359:, chpt. 4. 8123:22 January 7793:. p. 7665:Eusebius, 7407:21 January 7377:6 November 7207:17 January 7061:New Advent 7029:References 7017:addressed 6896:Pope Night 6876:Papal name 6781:Stephen II 6760:Benedict V 6744:Damasus II 6708:coronation 6335:Man of Sin 6330:Protestant 6162:Cincinnati 5809:Alba Longa 5791:is in the 5519:Sala Regia 5009:Concordats 4887:Popemobile 4807:Camerlengo 4068:escutcheon 3994:ombrellino 3989:Umbraculum 3960:encyclical 3854:See also: 3761:ordination 3712:archiereus 3704:hierophant 3700:ἱεροφάντης 3658:The term " 3618:described 3586:Eugene III 3570:Tertullian 3562:Gelasius I 3482:of Italy, 3462:Bishop of 3436:papal name 3182:Papal Mass 3126:immantatio 3059:in 2007.) 3001:Clement IV 2782:Matthew 16 2758:See also: 2664:Tertullian 2637:Saint Paul 2527:Telephorus 2427:See also: 2393:city-state 2321:antichrist 2037:. Emperor 2023:Crescentii 1831:condemned 1813:See also: 1731:Alexandria 1593:Pope Leo I 1467:Saint Paul 1427:city-state 1390:, to whom 1371:, who was 1218:Inquisitor 1118:Prebendary 1113:Postulator 1063:Chorbishop 1048:Archdeacon 1043:Archpriest 868:Seminarian 772:Officialis 762:Missionary 679:Archdeacon 632:Chancellor 506:Archbishop 494:Catholicos 244:Governance 110:Incumbent: 23258:Pentarchy 23071:Canon law 22985:Documents 22931:Erlembald 22677:Lithuania 22347:Lithuania 21881:Patriarch 21836:Patriarch 21805:2nd cent. 21796:Patriarch 21743:Jerusalem 21739:Patriarch 21684:1st cent. 21674:Patriarch 21601:1st cent. 21591:Patriarch 21544:Patriarch 21533:1st cent. 21517:1st cent. 21508:Patriarch 21495:apostolic 21488:Pentarchy 21474:Antiquity 21425:bold blue 21420:apostolic 21237:Sarum Use 21144:Zaire Use 20891:Vatican I 20692:Jerusalem 20450:Barberini 20265:Gianicolo 20159:including 19993:Vicariate 19937:universal 19875:in Geneva 19720:Cardinals 19696:Officials 19669:Sovereign 19497:Apostolic 19203:Languages 19121:Transport 18906:Elections 18849:Fountains 18693:Paintings 18503:Geography 18277:See also: 18229:Charities 18138:Discalced 18066:Trappists 18061:Theatines 18031:Olivetans 17976:Clarisses 17946:Blue nuns 17931:Basilians 17908:societies 17816:See also: 17702:Mozarabic 17692:Ambrosian 17678:Malankara 17663:Byzantine 17623:Ukrainian 17598:Ruthenian 17563:Hungarian 17548:Ethiopian 17523:Bulgarian 17490:sui iuris 17474:Postulant 17383:Religious 17338:Auxiliary 17333:Coadjutor 17303:Patriarch 17171:Cardinals 17118:Canon law 17114:Hierarchy 17096:Disciples 17019:Relations 17007:Evolution 16998:See also: 16943:See also: 16896:Mariology 16886:Matrimony 16859:Eucharist 16780:Ecumenism 16708:Salvation 16644:Catechism 16639:Tradition 16601:Communism 16449:Chalcedon 16045:cardinals 15999:Gentlemen 15987:Palatinus 15973:Commander 15960:Household 15924:Zucchetto 15865:Flabellum 15837:Vestments 15820:High Mass 15805:Diplomacy 15734:Interdict 15133:(904–964) 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August 12208:0261-3077 12179:16 August 12169:0190-8286 12115:16 August 12084:16 August 11961:11 August 11877:Denzinger 11717:11 August 11481:11 August 11371:"Gratian" 11323:), p. 23* 11110:John 7:45 10753:), p. 33. 10239:11 August 10060:cathedrae 9485:John 1:42 8864:cite book 8666:Routledge 8604:15 August 8242:Alves J. 7941:Channel 4 7738:11 August 7482:144793259 7474:1465-0045 7090:Routledge 6981:New World 6906:Pope Joan 6807:canon law 6787:, in its 6732:Sisinnius 6704:Urban VII 6677:anti-pope 6665:St. Leo I 6611: 30 6434:Antipopes 6323:last days 6319:Daniel 11 6292:Lutherans 6177:barrister 6049:King John 6027:interdict 6020:Julius II 6003:in 1530. 6001:Charles V 5924:Formation 5904:Residence 5884:Incumbent 5837:Babylonia 5201:(Vatican 4855:Tribunale 4723:Secretary 4638:President 4632:President 4555:Canon law 4357:(554–751) 4305:Hans Küng 4127:Ordo XIII 4072:triregnum 3915:Signature 3860:Pentarchy 3856:Patriarch 3798:Montanist 3748:ἀρχιερεύς 3708:ἀρχιερεύς 3696:ἱεροφύλαξ 3692:ἱερονόμος 3492:Sovereign 3366:Styles of 3312:The body 3242:Adrian VI 3187:triregnum 3132:" by the 3104:"Accepto" 3037:cum clave 2734:(367 A.D) 2519:Alexander 2515:Eviristus 2507:Anacletus 2453:Letter 55 2398:In 1950, 2288:captured 2262:Antipopes 2239:cardinals 2232:purgatory 2177:With the 2124:canon law 2102:and King 2052:In 1049, 1947:, potent 1896:Visigoths 1884:barbarian 1862:declared 1853:Damasus I 1757:Roman See 1727:Jerusalem 1715:presbyter 1710:episcopos 1665: 96 1564:The word 1530:education 1483:ecumenism 1353:sovereign 1311:romanized 1230:Preceptor 1173:Sacristan 1123:Precentor 1103:Ostiarius 1005:Religious 978:Postulant 928:Corrector 861:Venerable 831:Principal 814:Presbyter 794:Palatinus 777:Ostiarius 767:Monsignor 721:Lay abbot 691:Definitor 664:Consultor 659:Confessor 604:Subdeacon 489:Patriarch 412:Protector 234:Cathedral 155:Residence 23248:Holy See 23144:See also 23064:Concepts 22808:Abkhazia 22757:Slovenia 22752:Slovakia 22727:Portugal 22582:Bulgaria 22523:Heads of 22478:Abkhazia 22427:Slovenia 22422:Slovakia 22397:Portugal 22252:Bulgaria 22195:of state 21800:Carthage 21528:Holy See 21412:primates 21356:Category 21288:See also 21242:York Use 21218:British 21057:Language 20965:Barnabas 20936:Syracuse 20871:Humanism 20856:Crusades 20775:Ethiopia 20769:Aquileia 20741:(?−1964) 20739:Carthage 20680:cathedra 20515:See also 20036:Frascati 19908:Treaties 19802:Councils 19730:Advisers 19486:Holy See 19336:Religion 19322:Pope2you 19181:Archives 19126:Heliport 19021:Military 18999:Councils 18895:Politics 18388:Holy See 18367:articles 18321:Category 18214:Opus Dei 18199:Scouting 18189:Focolare 18056:Servites 18041:Piarists 17986:Crosiers 17722:Anglican 17658:Armenian 17588:Romanian 17578:Maronite 17553:Georgian 17543:Eritrean 17528:Chaldean 17513:Armenian 17508:Albanian 17389:Superior 17348:Emeritus 17328:Diocesan 17181:Advisers 17140:Holy See 17066:Prophets 17024:Politics 16795:Catholic 16775:Councils 16630:Theology 16509:Crusades 16444:Nicaea I 16375:Apostles 16353:Ministry 16322:Timeline 16302:Glossary 16200:Antipope 16175:Papabile 16079:Councils 16004:Preacher 15982:Chaplain 15900:Slippers 15880:Mozzetta 15783:Conclave 15762:Blessing 15530:cathedra 15448:Enclaved 15379:Holy See 15290:Category 15264:Cold War 15038:Pius XII 15018:Leo XIII 14993:Pius VII 14862:Sixtus V 14827:Paul III 14802:Pius III 14757:Martin V 14737:Urban VI 14662:John XXI 14657:Adrian V 14637:Urban IV 14511:Urban II 14446:John XIX 14406:John XIV 14386:Leo VIII 14376:John XII 14281:Formosus 14190:Adrian I 14145:John VII 14095:Vitalian 14090:Eugene I 14085:Martin I 14040:Sabinian 14020:John III 14010:Vigilius 13985:Felix IV 13945:Hilarius 13894:Siricius 13884:Liberius 13879:Julius I 13859:Eusebius 13814:Lucius I 13774:Victor I 13759:Anicetus 13739:Sixtus I 13676:Antipope 13529:(2011). 13423:Archived 13419:08015255 13407:(1908). 13363:(1993). 13301:(2003). 13291:51018118 13281:(1950). 13250:15 March 13244:Archived 13224:11025456 13159:(1957). 13135:(1950). 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8992:Archived 8963:Archived 8901:Archived 8848:Archived 8809:Archived 8776:29 March 8770:Archived 8746:29 March 8740:Archived 8697:Archived 8637:Archived 8598:Archived 8559:Archived 8435:Archived 8414:Archived 8267:Archived 8201:Archived 8117:Archived 8034:Archived 7901:14 April 7895:Archived 7862:Archived 7833:14 April 7827:Archived 7732:Archived 7699:15 March 7693:Archived 7504:"Pope", 7431:Archived 7401:Archived 7371:Archived 7201:Archived 7157:Archived 7133:14 April 7127:Archived 6829:See also 6750:Pius III 6647:Pius VII 6641:Adrian I 6629:Leo XIII 6504:and the 6482:Jesuits' 6440:Antipope 6388:quatenus 6349:Christus 6300:heretics 6141:metonyms 6005:Pius VII 5829:Biblical 5776:Cardinal 5203:postcode 4906:Holy See 4617:Archives 4329:a series 4226:anathema 4218:apostles 4131:mozzetta 4084:blazoned 4056:heraldry 4024:flabella 4015:flabella 3727:pontifex 3668:pontifex 3371:The Pope 3322:mourning 3138:adoratio 3033:conclave 3017:Konstanz 2983:Urban VI 2944:Election 2931:— 2917:— 2902:— 2888:— 2746:— 2706:— 2687:— 2655:— 2645:Crescens 2613:Eusebius 2599:— 2589:Eusebius 2571:— 2548:— 2539:Anicetus 2471:— 2260:Various 2100:Henry IV 2006:crowned 1988:Lombards 1945:miracles 1888:Clovis I 1841:Liberius 1833:Arianism 1803:computus 1791:Passover 1774:— 1655:Irenaeus 1601:Heraclas 1447:temporal 1415:Holy See 1331:and the 1098:Notarius 1078:Datarius 894:Sub-dean 841:Reverend 804:Preacher 745:Minister 711:Exorcist 637:Chaplain 392:Cardinal 335:a series 333:Part of 248:Holy See 138:Location 73:Catholic 23186:Portals 22787:Ukraine 22732:Romania 22692:Moldova 22652:Ireland 22647:Iceland 22642:Hungary 22627:Germany 22622:Georgia 22612:Finland 22607:Estonia 22602:Denmark 22587:Croatia 22572:Belgium 22567:Belarus 22557:Austria 22552:Armenia 22547:Andorra 22542:Albania 22457:Ukraine 22402:Romania 22362:Moldova 22322:Ireland 22317:Iceland 22312:Hungary 22297:Germany 22292:Georgia 22282:Finland 22277:Estonia 22272:Denmark 22257:Croatia 22242:Belgium 22237:Belarus 22227:Austria 22222:Armenia 22217:Andorra 22212:Albania 22113:Related 21885:Armenia 21710:(since 21696:(since 21595:Antioch 21531:(since 21344:* also 21202:Defunct 21094:Current 21013:Ambrose 21002:Cyprian 20841:Vulgate 20796:History 20751:Antioch 20732:Defunct 20675:Francis 20657:Current 20429:Outside 20137:Viterbo 20074:Subiaco 19931:of Rome 19929:Diocese 19707:Francis 19543:History 19513:of the 19507:Francis 19408:(Women) 19353:Symbols 19208:Library 19147:Culture 19105:Tourism 19066:Banking 19054:Economy 18951:Francis 18778:Gardens 18663:ceiling 18426:History 18404:Francis 18383:Outline 18286:Schools 18242:Caritas 18150:Secular 18116:Workers 18011:Jesuits 17797:Museums 17792:Library 17770:Writers 17765:Artists 17745:Culture 17712:Paul VI 17593:Russian 17583:Melkite 17425:Brother 17403:General 17343:Titular 17313:Primate 17291:Eparchy 17281:Diocese 17228:Outline 17167:College 17157:Francis 17101:Virgins 17076:Martyrs 17002:Science 16909:History 16864:Penance 16849:Baptism 16750:Worship 16723:Vulgate 16671:Kingdom 16666:Trinity 16654:General 16409:Primacy 16317:History 16297:Outline 16185:Legends 16151:in Rome 16115:Related 16009:Prefect 15975:of the 15885:Pallium 15845:Camauro 15643:Symbols 15439:outline 15416:History 15411:Primacy 15404:of the 15397:Francis 15356:of the 15183:Perugia 15177:Orvieto 15171:Viterbo 15068:Francis 15048:Paul VI 15033:Pius XI 15013:Pius IX 14998:Leo XII 14988:Pius VI 14847:Pius IV 14842:Paul IV 14782:Paul II 14777:Pius II 14727:Urban V 14411:John XV 14356:Leo VII 14351:John XI 14306:John IX 14296:Romanus 14195:Leo III 14170:Zachary 14140:John VI 14075:John IV 13995:John II 13920:Zosimus 13834:Felix I 13799:Anterus 13794:Pontian 13789:Urban I 13749:Hyginus 13626:of the 12963:25 June 12631:, also 11804:29 June 11774:29 June 11182:4:14–15 10062:velatae 10057:), and 9929:25 July 9754:28 June 9435:2:4–9). 9209:9 April 9179:9 April 9149:8 March 9119:31 July 9060:8 March 9031:8 March 8940:1 March 8565:13 June 7995:114–115 6979:of the 6797:Zachary 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