261:
478:
44:
491:
1663:
1619:
457:. Finally, he would travel to Rome and be crowned Emperor by the Pope. Because it was rarely possible for the elected King to proceed immediately to Rome for his crowning, several years might elapse between election and coronation, and some Kings never completed the journey to Rome at all. As a suitable title for the King between his election and his coronation as Emperor,
104:. The title was also used to designate the successor to the throne elected during the lifetime of a sitting Emperor. From the 16th century onwards, as German kings adopted the title of Emperor-elect and ceased to be crowned by the Pope, the title continued to be used solely for an elected successor to the throne during his predecessor's lifetime.
468:
Not all Kings of the Romans made this step, sometimes because of hostile relations with the Pope, or because either the pressure of business at home or warfare in
Germany or Italy made it impossible for the King to make the journey. In such cases, the king might retain the title "King of the Romans"
272:. As these units broke up, rulers of smaller principalities and even non-Germanic rulers were considered for the position. The only requirements generally observed were that the candidate be an adult male, a Catholic Christian, and not in holy orders. The kings were elected by several
544:, the rulers of the Empire no longer sought the Imperial coronation by the Pope and styled themselves "Emperors" without Papal approval, taking the title as soon as they were crowned in Germany or, if crowned in their predecessor's lifetime, upon the death of a sitting Emperor.
576:). This practice continued from the 16th century onwards as the rulers of the Empire assumed the title "Emperor elect" without Imperial coronation by the Pope. The title of a King of the Romans now exclusively refers to the elected successor during his predecessor's lifetime.
567:
During the Middle Ages, a junior King of the Romans was normally chosen only when the senior ruler bore the title of
Emperor, so as to avoid having two, theoretically equal kings. Only on one occasion (1147–1150) was there both a ruling King of the Romans (King
560:. No person had an automatic legal right to the succession simply because he was related to the current Emperor. However, the Emperor could, and often did, have a relative (usually a son) elected to succeed him after his death. This elected
630:
The following list shows all individuals bearing the title "Kings of the Romans". The regnal dates given are those between a king's election as "King of the Romans" and either becoming
Emperor or ending their reign by deposition or death.
579:
The election was in the same form as that of the senior ruler. In practice, however, the actual administration of the Empire was always managed by the
Emperor (or Emperor elect), with at most certain duties delegated to the heir.
635:
are coloured in yellow, while those whose claim to the throne failed to achieve widespread support are coloured in pink. Individuals that bore the title "Kings of the Romans" solely as
260:
604:), styling his son as such at birth. The boy was often known colloquially by this title throughout his short life. However, from 1818 onward, he was styled officially as the
301:
Originally all noblemen present could vote by unanimous acclamation, but later a franchise was granted to only the most eminent bishops and noblemen, and according to the
236:("King of the Germans") in order to imply that Henry's authority was merely local and did not extend over the whole Empire. Henry continued to regularly use the title
535:
Maximilian von Gots genaden erwelter
Romischer Romischer kayser, zu allen zeiten merer des Reichs, in Germanien zu Hungern, Dalmatien, Croatien etc. kunig
1772:
Heinrich Schütz (1585–1672). Kulturpatriotismus und deutsche weltliche
Vokalmusik. "Zum Auffnehmen der Music, auch Vermehrung unserer Nation Ruhm"
1796:
Neue Beiträge zur geschichtlichen
Landeskunde Tirols. Festschrift für Univ. Prof. Dr. Franz Huter anlässlich der Vollendung des 70. Lebensjahres.
388:
by the
Archbishop of Cologne in a solemnly celebrated ceremony. The details of Otto's coronation in 936 are described by the medieval chronicler
1868:
394:
2449:
2444:
482:
208:
by contemporary sources until the 11th century. During this time, the king's claim to coronation was increasingly contested by the
1727:
499:
399:
1699:
1824:
537:("Maximilian, by God's grace Elected Roman Emperor, always Augustus, in Germany, of Hungary, Dalamatia, Croatia etc King "
1706:
1680:
1057:
2459:
2231:
2211:
2191:
1861:
1746:
1553:
1514:
1472:
1402:
1230:
366:
1713:
2236:
2226:
2196:
2083:
1529:
1421:
996:
935:
511:
358:
2256:
2206:
2048:
1448:
895:
824:
541:
2314:
2276:
2271:
2251:
2152:
1695:
1684:
1493:
1263:
609:
306:
2403:
2329:
2266:
2261:
2241:
2216:
2201:
2181:
2137:
2014:
2009:
1600:
1585:
1576:
1463:
1342:
1190:
1095:
697:
678:
495:
477:
403:
370:
362:
17:
639:
are coloured in silver. '* ' indicates that the king in question was elected in his predecessor's lifetime.
2439:
2429:
2246:
2221:
2142:
2068:
2019:
2004:
1999:
1854:
1561:
1209:
914:
718:
659:
221:
2078:
2043:
1994:
975:
801:
625:
431:
2370:
2286:
2169:
1812:
423:
346:
2158:
1284:
2434:
2398:
2379:
2360:
2127:
1819:. translated and with a preface by Yair Mintzker. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
1151:
377:). The Golden Bull remained effective as constitutional law until the Empire's dissolution in 1806.
2338:
2164:
1839:
1624:
1303:
1780:
461:
would stress the plenitude of his authority over the Empire and his warrant to be future
Emperor (
2454:
1959:
1877:
1673:
1632:
1538:
621:
350:
213:
1720:
522:
attempt to journey to Rome. At this time
Maximilian also took the new title "King in Germania" (
2319:
2088:
1017:
450:
2105:
2053:
2025:
1076:
843:
739:
569:
426:
centuries later), but he had another coronation in Aachen after he had prevailed against his
407:
330:
318:
48:
2351:
2305:
2186:
2116:
2093:
2063:
1384:
1114:
1036:
342:
338:
241:
8:
2132:
2122:
2110:
1948:
1919:
1904:
1890:
1169:
1133:
326:
322:
302:
35:
605:
2147:
2038:
1975:
1939:
1646:
1640:
780:
389:
334:
281:
201:
181:
97:
43:
1980:
1909:
1820:
1636:
1324:
557:
553:
93:
30:
This article is about the title in the Holy Roman Empire. For uses in antiquity, see
1843:(Dictionary of the Middle Ages, 9 vols., Munich-Zürich 1980–98), vol. 7, col. 777 f.
2175:
2073:
1953:
1899:
1365:
954:
411:
385:
229:
191:
108:
86:
52:
228:
as a title to emphasize his sacred entitlement to be crowned Emperor by the Pope.
2032:
1924:
1914:
761:
419:
294:
187:
70:
2058:
1989:
1965:
1031:* elected as son and heir of Emperor Frederick II, later deposed by his father
876:
573:
310:
273:
224:, a six-year-old minor, had been elected to rule the Empire in 1056 he adopted
217:
164:
82:
62:
2423:
2389:
561:
454:
427:
373:
was the last king to receive the Imperial Crown at the hands of the Pope (in
277:
160:
510:
ceased to be used for ruling kings after 1508, when the Pope permitted King
151:) came into use. Finally, modern German historiography established the term
1934:
1885:
289:
197:
78:
31:
2099:
1358:
Elected in opposition to Jobst of Moravia, then unanimously elected again
593:
490:
380:
After his election, the new king would be crowned as King of the Romans (
244:
in 1084. Henry's successors imitated this practice, and were also called
437:
At some time after the ceremony, the king would, if possible, cross the
2408:
269:
1846:
989:
in opposition to Philip until 1208, opposed by Frederick II after 1212
753:
519:
285:
1662:
2295:
589:
314:
890:
elected as son and heir of King Conrad III, predeased his father
374:
268:
Candidates for the kingship were at first the heads of Germanic
209:
124:
1643:, including those using titles other than "King of the Romans"
446:
442:
92:
The title originally referred to any German king between his
438:
264:
Detail of the imperial coronation mantle, drawing from 1857
101:
353:, Charles intended to strengthen the legal status of the
518:("elected Emperor of the Romans") after he failed in a
486:, created when he was still King of the Romans in 1549.
27:
Title used by medieval and early modern German monarchs
530:), but the latter was never used as a primary title.
1614:
1360:
effective rule: 10 September 1410 – 9 December 1437
838:
Effective rule: 13 September 1125 – 4 December 1137
1687:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1183:
Originally elected in opposition to Adolf of Nassau
1811:
1604:Effective rule: 18 August 1765 – 20 February 1790
1509:Effective rule: 12 October 1576 – 20 January 1612
1507:* elected as son and heir of Emperor Maximilian II
1435:* elected as son and heir of Emperor Frederick III
1319:Effective rule: 29 November 1378 – 20 August 1400
1225:Effective rule: 20 October 1314 – 11 October 1347
1204:Effective rule: 27 November 1308 – 24 August 1313
734:effective rule: 5 October 1056 – 31 December 1105
1416:Effective rule: 2 February 1440 – 19 August 1493
1050:* elected as son and heir of Emperor Frederick II
930:effective rule: 10 June 1190 – 28 September 1197
2421:
1533:Effective rule: 15 February 1637 – 2 April 1657
1486:* elected as son and heir of Emperor Ferdinand I
1437:Effective rule: 19 August 1493 – 12 January 1519
1279:Effective rule: 11 July 1346 – 29 November 1378
928:* elected as son and heir of Emperor Frederick I
871:Effective rule: 7 March 1138 — 15 February 1152
369:were still crowned Emperors in Rome and in 1530
1488:Effective rule: 25 July 1564 – 12 October 1576
1317:* elected as son and heir of Emperor Charles IV
1052:effective rule: 26 December 1250 – 21 May 1254
1012:effective rule: 5 July 1215 – 26 December 1250
819:effective rule: 31 December 1105 – 23 May 1125
465:) without infringing upon the Papal privilege.
1467:Effective rule: 27 August 1556 – 25 July 1564
1109:Elected in opposition to Alfonso X of Castile
949:* elected as son and heir of Emperor Henry VI
732:* elected as son and heir of Emperor Henry III
711:* elected as son and heir of Emperor Conrad II
159:) to differentiate it both from the classical
107:The actual title varied over time. During the
1862:
1128:Elected in opposition to Richard of Cornwall
815:* elected as son and heir of Emperor Henry IV
794:* elected as son and heir of Emperor Henry IV
713:effective rule: 4 June 1039 – 5 October 1056
1783:, Schriftgeschichte, Siegel- und Wappenkunde
1277:Originally elected in opposition to Louis IV
970:effective rule: 8 March 1198 – 21 June 1208
909:Effective rule: 4 March 1152 – 10 June 1190
1580:Effective rule: 5 May 1705 – 17 April 1711
1223:Elected in opposition to Frederick the Fair
1869:
1855:
1766:
1764:
991:effective rule: 9 June 1198 – 5 July 1215
361:. Consequently, among his successors only
96:and royal coronation until he was crowned
1747:Learn how and when to remove this message
1462:* elected as brother and heir of Emperor
1185:Effective rule: 2 July 1298 – 1 May 1308
402:from at least 1024, at the coronation of
489:
483:Armor of Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
476:
259:
240:until he finally was crowned Emperor by
42:
1876:
1761:
817:rebelled in 1105 and deposed his father
500:Imperial Cathedral of Saint Bartholomew
14:
2422:
1817:The Holy Roman Empire: a Short History
1794:Ernest Troger, Georg Zwanowetz (ed.):
596:(1811–32), he introduced the title as
384:), usually at Charlemagne's throne in
321:. They were the Prince-Archbishops of
232:insisted on using the derogatory term
1850:
1599:* elected as son and heir of Emperor
1575:* elected as son and heir of Emperor
1552:* elected as son and heir of Emperor
1528:* elected as son and heir of Emperor
608:by his maternal grandfather, Emperor
564:bore the title "King of the Romans".
472:
1685:adding citations to reliable sources
1656:
1298:Elected in opposition to Charles IV
636:
572:) and a King of the Romans as heir (
533:Maximilian's titles read, in part: "
255:
175:
77:) was the title used by the king of
1379:Elected in opposition to Sigismund
692:Effective rule: 1024 – 4 June 1039
139:). In the Modern Period, the title
24:
1244:Elected in opposition to Louis IV
547:
313:had the right to participate in a
25:
2471:
796:rebelled in 1093 and was deposed
632:
590:Napoleon I, Emperor of the French
317:voting as determined by the 1338
2450:Royalty of the Holy Roman Empire
1661:
1617:
1010:elected in opposition to Otto IV
968:elected in opposition to Otto IV
2445:Holy Roman Empire-related lists
1798:Wagner, Innsbruck 1969, p. 269.
1672:needs additional citations for
583:
542:Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor
252:after their Roman coronations.
170:
1788:
1432:assumed title of Emperor elect
81:following his election by the
13:
1:
1805:
498:as King of the Romans in the
1258:Ruled jointly with Louis IV
1090:Anti-king until 21 May 1254
276:(secular princes as well as
212:, culminating in the fierce
7:
1813:Stollberg-Rilinger, Barbara
1785:4 (1994), 441–513 (p. 449).
1774:, 2004, p. 79; H. Weisert:
1647:List of Holy Roman Emperors
1610:
1596:succeeded as Emperor elect
1572:succeeded as Emperor elect
626:List of Holy Roman Emperors
516:Electus Romanorum Imperator
441:, to receive coronation in
339:Count Palatine of the Rhine
200:was not referred to as the
163:as well as from the modern
10:
2476:
2371:North German Confederation
2287:Confederation of the Rhine
1525:succeeded as Emperor elect
1504:succeeded as Emperor elect
1483:succeeded as Emperor elect
1459:succeeded as Emperor elect
673:Effective rule: 1002–1024
619:
502:in Frankfurt, 3 April 1764
185:
179:
29:
2388:
2369:
2350:
2328:
2304:
2285:
1974:
1933:
1884:
1556:, predeceased his father
1229:
1071:Anti-king to Fredrick II
857:Anti-king to Lothair III
842:
653:
650:
647:
644:
398:. The kings received the
2460:Medieval German nobility
2339:Archduke John of Austria
1840:Lexikon des Mittelalters
1776:Der Reichstitel bis 1806
1652:
1625:Holy Roman Empire portal
1633:List of German monarchs
1285:Günther von Schwarzburg
622:List of German monarchs
615:
351:Investiture Controversy
347:Margrave of Brandenburg
214:Investiture Controversy
157:Römisch-deutscher König
896:Frederick I Barbarossa
775:Anti-king to Henry IV
592:, had a son and heir,
503:
487:
469:for his entire reign.
451:Iron Crown of Lombardy
265:
74:
66:
55:
1781:Archiv für Diplomatik
1439:introduced the title
740:Rudolf of Rheinfelden
620:Further information:
493:
480:
319:Declaration of Rhense
263:
186:Further information:
49:Throne of Charlemagne
46:
2352:German Confederation
2306:German Confederation
1770:Elisabeth Rothmund:
1696:"King of the Romans"
1681:improve this article
1325:Rupert of Palatinate
1115:Alfonso X of Castile
610:Francis I of Austria
514:to use the title of
395:Res gestae saxonicae
298:code in about 1275.
242:Antipope Clement III
89:(1002–1024) onward.
2440:Heirs to the throne
2430:Kings of the Romans
1891:Carolingian dynasty
1878:Monarchs of Germany
1096:Richard of Cornwall
303:Golden Bull of 1356
250:Romanorum Imperator
36:Kingdom of Soissons
1976:Kingdom of Germany
1940:Kingdom of Germany
1231:Frederick the Fair
1077:William of Holland
943:28 September 1197
829:13 September 1125
769:28 September 1088
606:Duke of Reichstadt
528:König in Germanien
504:
488:
473:Later developments
390:Widukind of Corvey
305:issued by Emperor
266:
202:Kingdom of Germany
182:History of Germany
145:König in Germanien
129:King of the Romans
113:King of the Franks
98:Holy Roman Emperor
85:from the reign of
59:King of the Romans
56:
2417:
2416:
2343:
2342:(Imperial Regent)
1981:Holy Roman Empire
1910:Louis the Younger
1826:978-1-4008-9026-2
1757:
1756:
1749:
1731:
1637:Holy Roman Empire
1608:
1607:
1519:22 December 1636*
1477:28 November 1562*
1426:16 February 1486*
1347:10 September 1410
1238:28 September 1322
1138:29 September 1273
1065:16 February 1247
1004:22 November 1220
865:15 February 1152
772:killed in battle
750:killed in battle
558:elective monarchy
554:Holy Roman Empire
463:Imperator futurus
256:Medieval practice
206:Regnum Teutonicum
196:The territory of
176:History and usage
153:Roman-German King
123:), from the late
117:König der Franken
16:(Redirected from
2467:
2435:Kings in Germany
2341:
1900:Louis the German
1871:
1864:
1857:
1848:
1847:
1830:
1799:
1792:
1786:
1768:
1752:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1732:
1730:
1689:
1665:
1657:
1635:, rulers of the
1627:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1566:23 January 1690
1522:15 February 1637
1498:27 October 1575*
1366:Jobst of Moravia
1249:5 September 1325
1195:27 November 1308
1162:killed in battle
1152:Adolph of Nassau
1125:renounced claim
1100:13 January 1257
1084:28 January 1256
1007:crowned Emperor
1001:5 December 1212
986:crowned Emperor
983:21 October 1209
955:Philip of Swabia
925:crowned Emperor
919:15 August 1169*
906:crowned Emperor
854:renounced claim
835:crowned Emperor
812:crowned Emperor
806:6 January 1099*
747:15 October 1080
729:crowned Emperor
708:crowned Emperor
689:crowned Emperor
670:crowned Emperor
648:Kingship begins
642:
641:
412:Philip of Swabia
386:Aachen Cathedral
292:recorded in the
280:), often in the
274:Imperial Estates
234:Teutonicorum Rex
230:Pope Gregory VII
192:Germanic peoples
141:King in Germania
53:Aachen Cathedral
21:
2475:
2474:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2420:
2419:
2418:
2413:
2384:
2365:
2346:
2324:
2300:
2281:
2148:Frederick (III)
1979:
1970:
1938:
1929:
1925:Louis the Child
1915:Charles the Fat
1889:
1880:
1875:
1827:
1808:
1803:
1802:
1793:
1789:
1769:
1762:
1753:
1742:
1736:
1733:
1690:
1688:
1678:
1666:
1655:
1623:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1603:
1593:18 August 1765
1579:
1532:
1508:
1501:12 October 1576
1487:
1466:
1453:5 January 1531*
1441:Rex in Germania
1438:
1436:
1429:4 February 1508
1413:crowned Emperor
1407:2 February 1440
1392:27 October 1439
1359:
1355:crowned Emperor
1348:
1318:
1289:30 January 1349
1278:
1274:crowned Emperor
1235:19 October 1314
1224:
1220:crowned Emperor
1217:17 January 1328
1214:20 October 1314
1201:crowned Emperor
1184:
1081:3 October 1247
1051:
1041:February 1237*
1011:
990:
969:
929:
818:
816:
795:
762:Hermann of Salm
733:
712:
637:heirs designate
628:
618:
586:
550:
548:Heirs designate
540:Beginning with
496:Archduke Joseph
475:
420:Mainz Cathedral
335:King of Bohemia
333:as well as the
311:Prince-electors
309:only the seven
295:Schwabenspiegel
258:
194:
188:Frankish Empire
184:
178:
173:
133:König der Römer
109:Ottonian period
75:König der Römer
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2473:
2463:
2462:
2457:
2455:Lists of heirs
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2395:
2393:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2376:
2374:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2361:Franz Joseph I
2357:
2355:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2335:
2333:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2311:
2309:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2292:
2290:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2049:Lothair II/III
2046:
2041:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1986:
1984:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1956:
1951:
1945:
1943:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1896:
1894:
1882:
1881:
1874:
1873:
1866:
1859:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1831:
1825:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1787:
1759:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1669:
1667:
1660:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1629:
1628:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1590:27 March 1764
1588:
1582:
1581:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1460:
1457:
1456:27 August 1556
1454:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1373:8 January 1411
1371:
1370:1 October 1410
1368:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1353:
1350:
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922:15 April 1191
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881:30 March 1147
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877:Henry Berengar
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766:6 August 1081
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724:
723:17 July 1054*
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651:Kingship ends
649:
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617:
614:
585:
582:
574:Henry Berengar
549:
546:
494:Coronation of
474:
471:
406:. In 1198 the
400:Imperial Crown
288:after 1147, a
278:Prince-Bishops
257:
254:
220:heir apparent
180:Main article:
177:
174:
172:
169:
165:German Emperor
127:period it was
26:
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2404:Frederick III
2402:
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2390:German Empire
2387:
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2330:German Empire
2327:
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2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
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2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2232:Ferdinand III
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2212:Maximilian II
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2192:Frederick III
2190:
2188:
2185:
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2178:
2177:
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2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
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1835:Rex Romanorum
1832:
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1698: –
1697:
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1692:Find sources:
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1675:
1670:This article
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1554:Ferdinand III
1551:
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1515:Ferdinand III
1513:
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1497:
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1473:Maximilian II
1471:
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1410:16 March 1452
1409:
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1403:Frederick III
1401:
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1397:
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1389:18 March 1438
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1308:10 June 1376*
1307:
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1119:1 April 1257
1118:
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1103:2 April 1272
1102:
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1021:
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1016:
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988:
985:
982:
979:
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964:
962:21 June 1208
961:
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958:
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953:
952:
948:
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942:
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937:
934:
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927:
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918:
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912:
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905:
903:18 June 1155
902:
900:4 March 1152
899:
897:
894:
893:
889:
886:
883:
880:
878:
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870:
867:
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862:7 March 1138
861:
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847:
845:
841:
837:
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823:
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814:
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790:
787:
785:30 May 1087*
784:
782:
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771:
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760:
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749:
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623:
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611:
607:
603:
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581:
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575:
571:
565:
563:
562:heir apparent
559:
555:
545:
543:
538:
536:
531:
529:
525:
524:Germaniae rex
521:
517:
513:
509:
508:Romanorum Rex
501:
497:
492:
485:
484:
479:
470:
466:
464:
460:
459:Romanorum Rex
456:
455:King of Italy
452:
448:
444:
440:
435:
433:
429:
425:
422:(as was King
421:
417:
416:Rex Romanorum
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
396:
391:
387:
383:
382:Romanorum Rex
378:
376:
372:
368:
367:Frederick III
364:
360:
357:beyond Papal
356:
355:Rex Romanorum
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
299:
297:
296:
291:
287:
283:
282:imperial city
279:
275:
271:
262:
253:
251:
247:
246:Romanorum Rex
243:
239:
238:Romanorum Rex
235:
231:
227:
226:Romanorum Rex
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
193:
189:
183:
168:
166:
162:
161:Roman Emperor
158:
154:
150:
149:Germaniae Rex
146:
142:
138:
137:Rex Romanorum
134:
130:
126:
122:
121:Rex Francorum
118:
114:
110:
105:
103:
99:
95:
90:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
67:Rex Romanorum
64:
60:
54:
50:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
18:Rex Romanorum
2237:Ferdinand IV
2227:Ferdinand II
2197:Maximilian I
2174:
2157:
2115:
2100:Henry (VIII)
2098:
2084:Frederick II
2039:Conrad (III)
2031:
2024:
1958:
1935:East Francia
1886:East Francia
1838:
1834:
1833:H. Beumann:
1816:
1795:
1790:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1743:
1734:
1724:
1717:
1710:
1703:
1691:
1679:Please help
1674:verification
1671:
1539:Ferdinand IV
1530:Ferdinand II
1480:25 July 1564
1440:
1422:Maximilian I
1349:21 July 1411
1271:5 April 1355
1268:11 July 1346
1198:29 June 1312
1174:24 June 1298
1141:15 July 1291
1062:22 May 1246
1044:21 May 1254
1025:2 July 1235
1022:April 1220*
997:Frederick II
980:9 June 1198
936:Frederick II
832:4 June 1133
781:Conrad (III)
756:to Henry IV
744:25 May 1077
633:Ruling kings
629:
601:
598:King of Rome
597:
587:
584:King of Rome
578:
566:
551:
539:
534:
532:
527:
523:
515:
512:Maximilian I
507:
505:
481:
467:
462:
458:
436:
415:
414:was crowned
408:Hohenstaufen
393:
381:
379:
354:
349:. After the
300:
293:
270:stem duchies
267:
249:
245:
237:
233:
225:
216:. After the
205:
198:East Francia
195:
171:Ruling kings
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
120:
116:
112:
106:
91:
79:East Francia
58:
57:
40:
32:King of Rome
2392:(1871–1918)
2373:(1867–1871)
2354:(1850–1866)
2332:(1848/1849)
2320:Ferdinand I
2308:(1815–1848)
2289:(1806–1813)
2257:Charles VII
2207:Ferdinand I
2089:Henry (VII)
2064:Frederick I
1569:5 May 1705
1546:9 July 1654
1543:31 May 1653
1449:Ferdinand I
1332:18 May 1410
1292:24 May 1349
1159:2 July 1298
1058:Henry Raspe
1018:Henry (VII)
825:Lothair III
602:Roi de Rome
594:Napoleon II
359:approbation
248:before and
2424:Categories
2409:William II
2296:Napoleon I
2277:Francis II
2272:Leopold II
2252:Charles VI
2165:Wenceslaus
2153:Charles IV
2059:Henry (VI)
2054:Conrad III
1983:(962–1806)
1978:within the
1888:during the
1806:References
1707:newspapers
1494:Rudolph II
1352:3 May 1433
1304:Wenceslaus
1264:Charles IV
1177:1 May 1308
1156:5 May 1292
844:Conrad III
570:Conrad III
520:good-faith
506:The title
410:candidate
345:, and the
343:Saxon duke
307:Charles IV
47:The royal
2399:William I
2380:William I
2315:Francis I
2267:Joseph II
2262:Francis I
2242:Leopold I
2217:Rudolf II
2202:Charles V
2187:Albert II
2182:Sigismund
2138:Henry VII
2094:Conrad IV
2015:Henry III
2010:Conrad II
1942:(919–962)
1937:(911–919)
1893:(843–911)
1601:Francis I
1586:Joseph II
1577:Leopold I
1464:Charles V
1385:Albert II
1343:Sigismund
1191:Henry VII
1037:Conrad IV
965:murdered
754:Anti-king
698:Henry III
679:Conrad II
449:with the
404:Conrad II
371:Charles V
363:Sigismund
286:Frankfurt
143:(German:
131:(German:
119:, Latin:
115:(German:
111:, it was
2247:Joseph I
2222:Matthias
2143:Louis IV
2133:Albert I
2123:Rudolf I
2069:Henry VI
2020:Henry IV
2005:Henry II
2000:Otto III
1949:Conrad I
1905:Carloman
1815:(2018).
1737:May 2010
1611:See also
1562:Joseph I
1241:captured
1210:Louis IV
1180:murdered
1170:Albert I
1134:Rudolf I
1028:deposed
915:Henry VI
791:deposed
719:Henry IV
660:Henry II
315:majority
222:Henry IV
147:, Lat.:
135:, Lat.:
94:election
87:Henry II
2159:Günther
2117:Alfonso
2111:Richard
2106:William
2079:Otto IV
2044:Henry V
2033:Hermann
1995:Otto II
1954:Henry I
1721:scholar
1641:Germany
1314:deposed
976:Otto IV
802:Henry V
556:was an
432:Otto IV
392:in his
375:Bologna
331:Cologne
100:by the
83:princes
2170:Rupert
2074:Philip
2026:Rudolf
1990:Otto I
1966:Otto I
1960:Arnulf
1920:Arnulf
1837:, in:
1823:
1778:. In:
1723:
1716:
1709:
1702:
1694:
940:1196*
702:1028*
654:Notes
430:rival
424:Rupert
341:, the
337:, the
290:custom
218:Salian
210:papacy
125:Salian
71:German
2176:Jobst
2128:Adolf
1728:JSTOR
1714:books
1653:Notes
1122:1275
1106:died
1087:died
1068:died
1047:died
887:died
884:1150
868:died
851:1135
848:1127
788:1098
726:1084
705:1046
686:1027
683:1024
667:1014
664:1002
645:King
588:When
447:Milan
443:Pavia
327:Trier
323:Mainz
63:Latin
1821:ISBN
1700:news
1639:and
1549:died
1395:died
1376:died
1335:died
1295:died
1255:died
1144:died
624:and
616:List
552:The
439:Alps
428:Welf
365:and
329:and
190:and
102:Pope
34:and
1683:by
453:as
445:or
418:at
284:of
204:or
51:in
2426::
1763:^
1443:.
612:.
526:,
434:.
325:,
167:.
73::
69:;
65::
1870:e
1863:t
1856:v
1829:.
1750:)
1744:(
1739:)
1735:(
1725:·
1718:·
1711:·
1704:·
1677:.
600:(
155:(
61:(
38:.
20:)
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