Religious war - Knowledge

4310:(2009) argues that the very concept of "religion" is a modern Western concept that was invented recently in history. As such, he argues that the concept of "religious violence" or "religious wars" are incorrectly used to anachronistically label people and conflicts as participants in religious ideologies that never existed in the first place. The concept of "religion" as an abstraction which entails distinct sets of beliefs or doctrines is a recently invented concept in the English language since such usage began with texts from the 17th century due to the splitting of Christendom during the Protestant Reformation and more prevalent colonization or globalization in the age of exploration which involved contact with numerous foreign and indigenous cultures with non-European languages. It was in the 17th century that the concept of "religion" received its modern shape despite the fact that the Bible, the Quran, and other ancient sacred texts did not have a concept of religion in the original languages and neither did the people or the cultures in which these sacred texts were written. The modern word 82: 7318:Črnič & Lesjak (2003): "Religion played an important role in the wars, which took place in the early and mid 1990s, and shattered a large part of the Balkans (see Velikonja 2003). These were not religious wars in which Serbian Christian (Orthodox) troops would assume the role of the last bastian against the Muslim advance on the West, although this is how they were often interpreted in Western Europe and the USA. However, religion did often serve as the motivating and integrating factor for justifying military attacks that were actually nationalistic in nature. Thus, religion was merged with national identity. It was made to appear that all (real) Serbs had to be Orthodox, just as all Croatians had to be Catholics, and Bosnians had to be Muslims." 6158:

Muslims in the south. A military coup d'état led by lower and middle-ranking officers, some of them Igbo, overthrew the NPC-NCNC dominated government. Prime Minister Balewa along with other northern and western government officials were assassinated during the coup. The coup was considered an Igbo plot to overthrow the northern dominated government. A counter-coup was launched by mostly northern troops. Between June and July there was a mass exodus of Ibo from the north and west. Over 1.3 million Ibo fled the neighboring regions in order to escape persecution as anti-Ibo riots increased. The aftermath of the anti-Ibo riots led many to believe that security could only be gained by separating from the North.

5668:(r. 539–571) maintained Shinto as the royal religion, but allowed the Soga to erect a temple for the statue of Buddha. Afterwards, an epidemic broke out, which Shintoists attributed to the anger of the native gods to the intrusion of Buddhism; in reaction, some burnt down the Buddhist temple and threw the Buddha statue into a canal. However, the epidemic worsened, which Buddhists in turn interpreted as the anger of Buddha to the sacrilege committed against his temple and statue. Both during the 585 and 587 wars of succession, the opposing camps were drawn along the Shinto–Buddhist divide, and the Soga clan's victory resulted in the imposition of Buddhism as the Yamato court religion under the regency of 4595: 4992: 8013:. p.xxii. "Wars have always arisen, and arise today, from territorial disputes, military rivalries, conflicts of ethnicity, and strivings for commercial and economic advantage, and they have always depended on, and depend on today, pride, prejudice, coercion, envy, cupidity, competitiveness, and a sense of injustice. But for much of the world before the 17th century, these “reasons” for war were explained and justified, at least for the participants, by religion. Then, around the middle of the 17th century, Europeans began to conceive of war as a legitimate means of furthering the interests of individual sovereigns." 5656:. Although the political power each of the clans could wield over the royal family was also an important factor, and was arguably a strategic reason for the Soga to adopt and promote Buddhism as a means to increase their authority, the religious beliefs from both doctrines, as well as religious explanations from events that happened after the arrival of Buddhism, were also causes of the conflict that escalated to war. Whereas the Soga argued that Buddhism was a better religion because it had come from China and Korea, whose civilisations were widely regarded as superior and to be emulated in 4070: 6352: 4874: 5951: 5588:"began the conflict", while "fighting began after King Wenceslaus died, shortly after the defenestration" (that is, after 19 August 1419). Nolan described the wars' goals and character as follows: "The main aim of the Hussites was to prevent the hated Sigismund mounting the throne of Bohemia, but fighting between Bohemian Hussites and Catholics spread into Moravia. (...) cross-class support gave the Hussite Wars a tripartite and even 'national' character unusual for the age, and a religious and social unity of purpose, faith, and hate". 5807: 5787:, but tried to express and legitimise their opposition and rebellion in terms of a legal revolt against a monarch who had violated crucial constitutional principles and thus had to be overthrown. They even warned their Parliamentarian allies to not make overt use of religious arguments in making their case for war against the king. However, in some cases it may be argued that they hid their pro-Anglican and anti-Catholic motives behind legal parlance, for example by emphasising that the 5999:; the other party is sometimes presented as an ethnic group which is multi-religious (although most numerously consisting of Muslims, then Christians, then other religious groups up to and including Samaritans and even Jews). Yet despite the multi-religious composition of both of the parties in the conflict, elements on both sides often view it as a religious war between Jews and Muslims. In 1929, religious tensions between Muslim and Jewish Palestinians over the latter praying at the 5105: 5070:, to be a holy war, with Niditch (1995) asserting the presence of a "priestly ideology of war in Numbers 31". Hamilton (2005) argued that the two major concerns of Number 31 are the idea that war is a defiling activity, but Israelite soldiers need to be ritually pure, so they may only fight wars for a holy cause, and are required to cleanse themselves afterwards to restore their ritual purity. The Israelite campaign against Midian was blessed by the Israelite god 4150:, conflicts may not be rooted strictly in religion and instead may be a cover for the underlying secular power, ethnic, social, political, and economic reasons for conflict. Other scholars have argued that what is termed "religious wars" is a largely "Western dichotomy" and a modern invention from the past few centuries, arguing that all wars that are classed as "religious" have secular (economic or political) ramifications. In several conflicts including the 5078:' commandment to also kill the captive male children and non-virgin women was a marked departure from these regulations. He concluded: "Many aspects of this holy war text may be troublesome to a contemporary reader. But understood within the symbolic world of the ancient writers of Numbers, the story of the war against the Midianites is a kind of dress rehearsal that builds confidence and hope in anticipation of the actual conquest of Canaan that lay ahead." 13969: 5299:"Never was there a war more prolonged nor more cruel than this, nor one that required greater efforts on the part of the Frankish people. For the Saxons (...) are by nature fierce, devoted to the worship of demons and hostile to our religion, and they think it no dishonour to confound and transgress the laws of God and man. On both sides of the frontier murder, robbery, and arson were of constant occurrence, so the Franks declared open war against them." 5058:"Holy war" is a Western concept referring to war that is fought for religion, against adherents of other religions, often in order to promote religion through conversion, and with no specific geographic limitation. This concept does not occur in the Hebrew Bible, whose wars are not fought for religion or in order to promote it but, rather, in order to preserve religion and a religiously unique people in relation to a specific and limited geography. 12030: 6285: 6539:, an overview of the Iranian leaders' speeches and martyrs' statements reveals that religion significantly motivated people to take part in the war. (...) The Iranian leadership painted the war as a battle between believers and unbelievers, Muslims and infidels, and the true and the false." Iran cited religious reasons to justify continuing combat operations, for example in the face of Saddam's offer of peace in mid-1982, rejected by 2080: 4081: 5451: 4610:), whereby fighting itself might be considered a penitential and spiritually meritorious act. During the ninth and tenth centuries, multiple invasions occurred which led some regions to make their own armies to defend themselves and this slowly lead to the emergence of the Crusades, the concept of "holy war", and terminology such as "enemies of God" in the 11th century. In early Christianity, St. Augustine's concept of 13979: 5366:, an object sacred to the Saxons. Per Ullidtz (2014) stated that previous Frankish–Saxon conflicts spanning almost a century "had been mostly a border war", "but under Charles it changed character": because of "Charles' idea of unity, of a king over all German tribes, and of universal Christianity in all of his kingdom, it changed into a mission from heaven." Similarly, a successful 10038: 5798:: "Seen in this light, the defenses of Parliament's war, with their apparent legal-constitutional thrust, are not at all ways of saying that the struggle was not religious. On the contrary, they are ways of saying that it was." Burgess concluded: "he Civil War left behind it just the sort of evidence that we could reasonably expect a war of religion to leave." 4235:): "After all, it is perfectly acceptable to suggest that a worldly prince, say, a Lutheran prince in Reformation Germany, engages in religious warfare using mercenary armies." While a holy war needs to be authorised by a religious leader and fought by pious soldiers, a religious war does not, he reasoned. His definition of 'war of religion' thus became: 10591:

predominantly non-Muslim south ... Opposition to the sharia, especially to the application of hudud (sing., hadd), or Islamic penalties, such as the public amputation of hands for theft, was not confined to the south and had been a principal factor leading to the popular uprising of April 1985 that overthrew the government of Jaafar an Nimeiri

6609:(religiously permitted or legal). Randal (1998, 2019) argued that 'Al Anfal' was "a curious nod to Islam" by the Ba'athist government, because it had originally been known as a "militantly secular regime". Some commentators have concluded that the code name was meant to serve as "a religious justification" for the campaign against the Kurds. 5421:(2002) concluded: "The traditional explanation for the Crusades (a religious enthusiasm that found an outlet in a Holy War) has also retained its value in modern historical scholarship, keeping in mind the fact that it has been pointed out that a complex set of socio-economic and political factors allowed this enthusiasm to manifest itself." 5942:, a large Greek nation-state based on shared language rather than religion. Both of these grand objectives failed, but a smaller version of the latter goal was accepted by most members of the Eteria by 1823, and this goal was generally compatible with the motives of philhellenes who travelled to Greece to enter the war in 1821–1823. 4143:, the definition of 'religious war' (taking religious traditions on violence such as 'holy war' into account), and the applicability of religion to war as opposed to other possible factors. Answers to these questions heavily influence conclusions on how prevalent religious wars have been as opposed to other types of wars. 10032: 6851: 4258:

Some commentators have questioned the applicability of religion to war, in part because the word "religion" itself is difficult to define, particularly posing challenges when one tries to apply it to non-Western cultures. Secondly, it has been argued that religion is difficult to isolate as a factor,

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The factors that provoked the military coup, primarily the closely intertwined issues of Islamic law and of the civil war in the south, remained unresolved in 1991. The September 1983 implementation of the sharia throughout the country had been controversial and provoked widespread resistance in the

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In effect, the extremist Catholic and Orthodox forces were colluding in a bloody partition and cleansing of Bosnia–Herzegovina. They were, and still are, largely spared the public shame of this, because the world's media preferred the simplification of "Croat" and "Serb", and only mentioned religion

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In the English-speaking Western world, "Judaism" is often considered a "religion," but there are no equivalent words for "Judaism" or for "religion" in Hebrew; there are words for "faith," "law," or "custom" but not for "religion" if one thinks of the term as meaning solely the beliefs and practices

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Permission ˹to fight back˺ is ˹hereby˺ granted to those being fought, for they have been wronged. And Allah is truly Most Capable of helping them ˹prevail˺. ˹They are˺ those who have been expelled from their homes for no reason other than proclaiming: "Our Lord is Allah." Had Allah not repelled ˹the

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It was in the 19th century that the terms "Buddhism", "Hinduism", "Taoism", and "Confucianism" first emerged. Throughout its long history, Japan had no concept of "religion" since there was no corresponding Japanese word, nor anything close to its meaning, but when American warships appeared off the

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are a prime example of wars whose religious elements have been extensively debated for centuries, with some groups of people in some periods emphasising, restoring or overstating the religious aspects, and other groups of people in some periods denying, nuancing or downplaying the religious aspects

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which, in the ancient and medieval world, was understood as an individual virtue of worship, never as doctrine, practice, or actual source of knowledge. Cavanaugh argued that all wars that are classed as "religious" have secular (economic or political) ramifications. Similar opinions were expressed

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The war flared again in 1983 after then-President Jaafar Nimeri abrogated the peace accord and announced he would turn Sudan into a Muslim Arab state, where Islamic law, or sharia, would prevail, including in the southern provinces. Sharia can include amputation of limbs for theft, public flogging

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Tensions with Uyghurs and Hui arose because Qing and Republican Chinese authorities used Hui troops and officials to dominate the Uyghurs and crush Uyghur revolts. Xinjiang's Hui population increased by over 520 percent between 1940 and 1982, an average annual growth rate of 4.4 percent, while the

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remarked in 1877: "The Greek war of independence has never been called a religious war, and yet it had a better claim to that appellation than many a conflict which has been so named by the chroniclers of the past. It is a significant fact that the standard of revolt was raised by no mere patriot,

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terms: "The war we are waging against the Turks, far from being founded in demagoguery, seditiousness or the selfish interests of any one part of the Greek nation, is a national and holy war (...). It is from these principles of natural rights and desiring to assimilate ourselves with our European

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that preceded it. The exact number of refugees is a matter of dispute, though the number of Palestine refugees and their unsettled descendants registered with UNRWA is more than 4.3 million. The causes remain the subject of fundamental disagreement between Palestinians and Israelis. Both Jews and

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documented 1763 notable wars in world history, out of which 121 wars were in the "religious wars" category in the index. They note that before the 17th century, much of the "reasons" for conflicts were explained through the lens of religion and that after that time wars were explained through the

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In their 2015 review of violence and peacemaking in world religions, Irfan Omar and Michael Duffey stated: "This book does not ignore violence committed in the name of religion. Analyses of case studies of seeming religious violence often conclude that ethnic animosities strongly drive violence."

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in Northern Ireland, often portrayed as a religious conflict of a Catholic vs. a Protestant faction, while the more fundamental cause of the conflict was supposedly ethnic or nationalistic rather than religious in nature. Since the native Irish were mostly Catholic and the later British-sponsored

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John Morreall and Tamara Sonn (2013) have argued that since there is no consensus on definitions of "religion" among scholars and no way to isolate "religion" from the rest of the more likely motivational dimensions (social, political, and economic); it is incorrect to label any violent event as

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Inter-ethnic conflict in Nigeria has generally had a religious element. Riots against Igbo in 1953 and in the 1960s in the north were said to have been sparked by religious conflict. The riots against Igbo in the north in 1966 were said to have been inspired by radio reports of mistreatment of

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forces, left the country in 1946. The Christians assumed power over the country and its economy. A confessional Parliament was created in which Muslims and Christians were given quotas of seats. As well, the president was to be a Christian, the prime minister a Sunni Muslim and the speaker of

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lens of wars as a way to further sovereign interests. Some commentators have concluded that only 123 wars (7%) out of these 1763 wars were fundamentally originated by religious motivations. Andrew Holt (2018) traced the origin of the "only 123 religious wars" claim back to the 2008 book

5166:: ਧਰਮਯੁਧ) is a term which is variously translated as 'religious war', 'war of righteousness', 'war in defence of righteousness', or 'war for justice'. Though some core tenets in the Sikh religion are understood to emphasise peace and nonviolence, especially before the 1606 execution of 5074:, and could therefore be considered a holy war. Olson (2012), who believed the war narrative to be a fictional story with a theological purpose, noted that the Israelite soldiers' actions in Numbers 31 closely followed the holy war regulations set out in Deuteronomy 20:14, although 4556:: "Quite unlike what we find with the Greeks, holy war permeated ancient Israelite society." Moreover, ever since the pioneering study of Manfred Weippert, "»Heiliger Krieg« in Israel und Assyrien" (1972), scholars have been comparing the holy war concept in the (monotheistic) 9142: 4884:

While technically, the millennium of Muslim conquests could be classified as "religious war", the applicability of the term has been questioned. The reason is that the very notion of a "religious war" as opposed to a "secular war" is the result of the Western concept of the

5010:(2012) stated "that holy war is a common theme in the Hebrew Bible. Divinely legitimized through the authority of biblical scripture and its interpretation, holy war became a historical reality for the Jews of antiquity. Among at least some of the Jewish groups of the late 10477:

when discussing "the Muslims." But the triad of terms "Croat," "Serb," and "Muslim" is unequal and misleading, in that it equates two nationalities and one religion. (The same blunder is made in a different way in coverage of Iraq, with the "Sunni-Shia-Kurd" trilateral.)

5775:(1993) stating: "The English Civil War was not the first European revolution: it was the last of the Wars of Religion." This view has been criticised by various pre-, post- and anti-revisionist historians. Glen Burgess (1998) examined political propaganda written by the 6445:

that pardoned all political crimes prior to its enactment. The amnesty was not extended to crimes perpetrated against foreign diplomats or certain crimes referred by the cabinet to the Higher Judicial Council. In May 1991, the militias (with the important exception of

4216:') based merely on a motive that a belligerent may have had, does not necessarily make it one. Although ulterior motives may never be known, war proclamations do provide evidence for a belligerent's legitimisation of the war to the public. Repgen therefore concluded: 4926:

aggression of˺ some people by means of others, destruction would have surely claimed monasteries, churches, synagogues, and mosques in which Allah's Name is often mentioned. Allah will certainly help those who stand up for Him. Allah is truly All-Powerful, Almighty.

7175: 6860: 5335:, which was seen by Catholics as heretical. During his war with the Arian Visigoths, Clovis reportedly said: "I take it very hard that these Arians hold part of the Gauls. Let us go with God's help and conquer them and bring the land under our control." 4220:...wars should only be termed , in so far as at least one of the belligerents lays claim to 'religion', a religious law, in order to justify his warfare and to substantiate publicly why his use of military force against a political authority should be a 6681:" was frequently used. Some scholars have stated that they "were not religious wars", but acknowledged that "religion played an important role in the wars" and "did often serve as the motivating and integrating factor for justifying military attacks". 8138:"Here each company of youths sacrifices a puppy to Enyalius, holding that the most valiant of tame animals is an acceptable victim to the most valiant of the gods. I know of no other Greeks who are accustomed to sacrifice puppies except the people of 4326:

There is no precise equivalent of "religion" in Hebrew, and there is no clear definition of jewishness, it could be defined by religion, roots of national origin and ethnic. Jewishness could have been multi-racial. In the Quran, the Arabic word

4231:(2006) argued that Repgen's definition of 'religious war' was too narrow, because sometimes both legitimisation and motivation can be established. David Onnekink (2013) added that a 'religious war' is not necessarily the same as a 'holy war' ( 5580:. Nolan (2006) named religion as one of several significant causes, summarising the Hussites' motives as "doctrinal as well as 'nationalistic' and constitutional", and providing a series of issues that led to war: the trial and execution of 12995: 3044: 10124: 5478:

were not all equally motivated by religion, and that a distinction should be made between 'secular rulers' on the one hand, and on the other hand Christian military orders which came from elsewhere (including the three main orders of

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were religious conflicts. The Mahabharata was fought over the inheritance of the kingdom of Hastinapura. Ramayana was fought over the abduction of Rama's wife Sita by Ravana. The two epics are of great importance in Hindu tradition.

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The definition of 'religious war' and the applicability of religion to war have a strong influence on how many wars may be properly labelled 'religious wars', and thus how prevalent religious wars have been as opposed to other wars.

5896:(1821–1829) has sometimes been considered a religious war between Christians and Muslims, especially in its early phase. The Greek Declaration of Independence (issued on 15 January 1822) legitimised the armed rebellion against the 4420:' (co-religionists) was (one of) the primary cause(s) of 14% of all wars during 1648–1714, 11% during 1715–1814, 10% during 1815–1914, and 0% during 1918–1941 and 1945–1989. Additionally, he found 'ethnic/religious unification/ 4889:. No such division has ever existed in the Islamic world, and consequently, there cannot be a real division between wars that are "religious" from such that are "non-religious". Islam does not have any normative tradition of 6271:, and generally do not want to get involved in conflicts in other countries over Islam for fear of being perceived as radical. Hui and Uyghur live apart from each other, praying separately and attending different mosques. 5966:

between two parties where one party is most often portrayed as a singular ethno-religious group which only consists of the Jewish majority and ignores non-Jewish minority Israeli citizens who support the existence of a

4618:) was widely accepted, but warfare was not regarded as a virtuous activity and expressions of concern for the salvation of those who killed enemies in battle, regardless of the cause for which they fought, was common. 7103: 6986: 6937: 6784: 6426:, arrived in Lebanon. Palestinians came to play a very important role in future Lebanese civil conflicts, and the establishment of Israel radically changed the local environment in which Lebanon found itself. 7120: 7122: 4212:(1987) pointed out that belligerents may have multiple intentions to wage a war, may have had ulterior motives that historians can no longer discover, and therefore, calling something a 'religious war' (or ' 6235:

were also set off by racial antagonism and class warfare, rather than the mistaken assumption that it was all due to Islam that the rebellions broke out. During the Dungan revolt fighting broke out between

5507:). " were more committed to religious war than some of their secular counterparts, were opposed to treating with Muslims and carried out raids and even atrocities, such as decapitating Muslim prisoners." 4460:, edited by Gordon Martel, using the criteria that the armed conflict must involve some overt religious action, concludes that 6% of the wars listed in their encyclopedia can be labelled religious wars. 10489:

Bougarel, Xavier (2009). "Od "Muslimana" do "Bošnjaka": pitanje nacionalnog imena bosanskih muslimana" [From "Muslims" to "Bosniaks": the question of the national name of the Bosnian Muslims].

7779: 7121: 6968: 6967: 6072:, the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, from the Arab perspective, was "a war of religion as much as, if not more than, a nationalist war over territory." This assertion has been challenged by other scholars. 9444: 6259:

Uyghur population only grew by 1.7 percent. This dramatic increase in the Hui population led inevitably to significant tensions between the Hui and Uyghur Muslim populations. Some old Uyghurs in

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coast of Japan in 1853 and forced the Japanese government to sign treaties demanding, among other things, freedom of religion, the country had to contend with this Western idea. According to the

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attempted to help to prevent this outcome, but he was killed by al-Ghazi. However, both polities exhausted their resources and manpower in this conflict, allowing the northward migration of the

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conflict where the Muslim central government's pursuits to impose sharia law on non-Muslim southerners led to violence, and eventually to the civil war. The war resulted in the independence of

6772: 6760: 6092:. They complained that Muslim members did not have the same rights as Hindu members. A number of different scenarios were proposed at various times. This was fuelled by the British policy of " 10673:. p. 33. "The shari'a was imposed on non-Muslim Sudanese peoples in September 1983, and since that time Muslims in the north have been fighting a jihad against the non-Muslims in the south." 6762: 6196:, the discrimination against the majority Buddhist population generated the growth of Buddhist institutions as they sought to participate in national politics and gain better treatment. The 5081:

Dawn (2016, translating Rad 1958) stated: "From the earliest days of Israel's existence as a people, holy war was a sacred institution, undertaken as a cultic act of a religious community".

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immigrants were mainly Protestant, the terms become shorthand for the two cultures, but McGarry & O'Leary argued that it would be inaccurate to describe the conflict as a religious one.

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This book does not ignore violence committed in the name of religion. Analyses of case studies of seeming religious violence often conclude that ethnic animosities strongly drive violence.

12969: 6761: 3010: 6970: 6934: 6763: 6719: 6977: 6953: 6859: 4893:, and warfare has been integral part of Islamic history both for the defense and the spread of the faith since the time of Muhammad. This was formalised in the juristic definition of 8484: 5600:(1419–1438), they managed to resist." It did not mention the succession of Wenceslaus by Sigismund, but noted elsewhere that it was Sigismund's policy of Catholic Church unity which 11489: 9865: 7101: 6758: 8318: 7142: 6716: 6782: 6737: 7117: 6923: 6783: 4432: 4323:, widely recognized to be "religious" in motivation, noting that the warring factions were not necessarily split along confessional lines as much as along secular interests. 6958: 6930: 6780: 7168: 6948: 4381:

may serve as a cultural marker or ideological rationalization for a conflict that has deeper ethnic and cultural differences. They argued this specifically in the case of

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It has been argued that the antecedents of the war can be traced back to the conflicts and political compromises reached after the end of Lebanon's administration by the

5596:(2002) described the Hussites as a "movement which developed from a religious denomination to a nationalist faction, opposed to German and Papal influence; in the bloody 6786: 6759: 6723: 6955: 6850: 6769: 4897:, which continues to hold normative power in contemporary Islam, inextricably linking political and religious justification of war. This normative concept is known as 4139:

or other aspects of a conflict are predominant in a given war. The degree to which a war may be considered religious depends on many underlying questions, such as the

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Velikonja, Mitja. "In hoc signo vinces: religious symbolism in the Balkan wars 1991–1995." International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society 17.1 (2003): 25-40.

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until the middle of the second century, C.E., holy war was an operative institution. That is, Jews engaged in what is defined here as holy war." He mentioned the

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describes the battle as a "major turning point in the reconquista..." See Lynn Hunt, R. Po-chia Hsia, Thomas R. Martin, Barbara H. Rosenwein, and Bonnie Smith,

7141: 7102: 10604:"PBS Frontline: "Civil war was sparked in 1983 when the military regime tried to impose sharia law as part of its overall policy to "Islamicize" all of Sudan."" 7980: 7197: 7115: 7001: 6862: 6789: 6757: 6756: 6750: 6730: 12514: 11756: 11149: 8249: 7862:

Introduction to the Science of Religion: four lectures delivered at the Royal institution, with two essays, On false analogies, and The philosophy of mythology

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and mostly concern the early period of Islam, from the 7th to 11th centuries, i.e. before the collapse of the Caliphate and the emergence of the various later

2547: 6943: 6785: 4416:(1991, p. 308, Table 12.2), who catalogued and categorised wars from 1648 to 1989 into 24 categories of 'issues that generated wars', 'protect religious 11684: 11537: 7572: 7105: 4424:' to be (one of) the primary cause(s) of 0% of all wars during 1648–1714 and 1715–1814, 6% during 1815–1914, 17% during 1918–1941, and 12% during 1945–1989. 6776: 11628: 10183: 9919: 7905: 7192: 6952: 6771: 6722: 6550:

While Ba'athist Iraq has sometimes been described as a "secular dictatorship" before the war, and therefore in ideological conflict with the Shia Islamic '

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Midianite women, children and livestock taken captive by Israelite soldiers after all Midianite men had been killed and their towns burnt. Watercolour by

12722: 9723: 6985: 6720: 6047: 4374:. Medieval Japan at first had a similar union between "imperial law" and universal or "Buddha law", but these later became independent sources of power. 2763: 7150: 7145: 7130: 6997: 6976: 6777: 5660:(the central kingdom of Japan), the Mononobe and Nakatomi maintained that there should be continuity of tradition and that worshipping the native gods ( 7174: 7154: 7140: 7114: 6847: 6781: 6778: 6727: 6962: 6721: 13853: 13236: 11561: 10067: 9528: 7143: 7127: 6995: 6929: 6741: 6100:, who, in his presidential address to the 1930 convention of the Muslim League said that a separate nation for Muslims was essential in an otherwise 5764:

figured on the opposing sides of this conflict, though Catholic France took the side of the Protestants, but it did so for purely political reasons.

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In a country where the Buddhist majority was estimated to be between 70 and 90 percent, Diem ruled with a strong religious bias. As a member of the

12673: 9896: 9788: 6936: 6458: 4054: 2714: 9452: 6992: 6127:, up to 12.5 million people were displaced, with estimates of loss of life varying from several hundred thousand to a million. India emerged as a 11080: 10090: 9063:

Encarta-encyclopedie Winkler Prins (1993–2002) s.v. "Japan. §5.2 De introductie van de vastelandsbeschaving". Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum.

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from Mecca and the conversion of several inhabitants of the city to Islam. The first revelation concerning the struggle against the Meccans was

12594: 11962: 11435: 11429: 11229: 7880: 7177: 7137: 7111: 7099: 6728: 6061: 4174:—depending upon the observer's sympathies. However, studies on these cases often conclude that ethnic animosities drive much of the conflicts. 2627: 7163: 6950: 6924: 6739: 5514:, known in Arab history as the Battle of Al-Uqab (معركة العقاب), was fought on 16 July 1212 and it was an important turning point in both the 11732: 11648: 11616: 11423: 9678: 6647:" (or "Bosnian Muslims"). Traditional religious symbols were used during the wars. Notably, foreign Muslim volunteers came to Bosnia to wage 6457:

Some violence still occurred. In late December 1991 a car bomb (estimated to carry 220 pounds of TNT) exploded in the Muslim neighborhood of

4903:, an Arabic word with the meaning "to strive; to struggle" (viz. "in the way of God"), which includes the aspect of struggle "by the sword". 4719: 7191: 6971: 6535:. Peyman Asadzade (2019) stated: "Although the evidence suggests that religious motivations by no means contributed to Saddam's decision to 5054:

In 2016, however, Firestone made a distinction between what he regarded as the Hebrew Bible's concept and the 'Western' concept of holy war:

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on religious grounds, and to encourage all Christians within Ottoman territory to join the Greek revolutionaries; the other advocated the

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Die europäische Debatte über den Religionskrieg (1679-1714). Konfessionelle Memoria und internationale Politik im Zeitalter Ludwigs XIV.

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that were waged from the end of the 11th century through the 13th century. Originally, the goal of the Crusaders was the recapture of

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massacred 2,000 to 8,000 Uyghurs, which caused tension as more Hui moved into Kashgar from other parts of China. Some Hui criticize

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personified war. While he received occasional sacrifice from armies going to war, there was only a very limited "cult of Ares". In

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Western volunteers joined the war for quite different reasons, namely to 'regenerate' Greece and thereby Europe, motivated by

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as well as wars of religion when two rival claimants to a throne also represent opposing religions. Examples include the

3724: 3380: 3295: 3186: 2846: 2664: 2287: 2272: 1793: 81: 47: 10886: 7173: 7172: 7171: 7164: 7144: 13231: 12705: 10984: 9095: 8057: 8032: 7840: 7760: 7732: 6981: 6980: 6979: 6972: 6956: 6856: 6853: 6726: 3280: 2746: 1988: 1766: 376: 7104: 5914:, who came forward, strong in his spiritual dignity (...) to be the first champion in the cause of Hellenic liberty." 5178:, military force may be justified if all peaceful means to settle a conflict have been exhausted, thus resulting in a 12879: 12710: 12201: 12179: 11672: 11653: 11048: 10966: 10951: 10936: 10878: 10863: 10845: 10827: 10801: 10777: 10762: 10697: 10462: 10208: 10134: 10100: 9687: 9664: 9565: 9494: 9335: 8823: 8789: 8755: 8718: 8681: 8616: 8577: 8373: 8170: 7972: 7702: 7626: 7499: 7451: 7396: 6743: 6346: 6332: 5859:

came close to extinguishing the ancient realm of Abyssinia, and forcibly converting all of its surviving subjects to

4599: 2920: 2751: 2218: 2196: 1442: 11013: 10198: 9735: 8245: 6975: 6855: 6665:(2007) have argued that they were religious wars (Catholic versus Orthodox versus Islamic), and that terms such as " 6314: 13616: 13453: 13353: 12810: 12700: 11726: 10577: 7875: 7160: 7146: 7131: 7110: 6736: 5959: 4606:

According to historian Edward Peters, before the 11th century, Christians had not developed a concept of holy war (

4268: 4151: 3677: 3506: 3400: 2851: 2741: 1520: 43: 11053: 7580: 7123: 5934:, the main organisation driving the rebellion, was split between two groups: one advocated the restoration of the 4766:. The word Dharma may be interpreted variously as righteousness or responsibility or duty based on the context. 4666:

and Europe proper. Later, Crusades were launched against other targets, either for religious reasons, such as the

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conquests of Thuringia, Allemannia and Bavaria had also resulted in their Christianisation by 555, although the

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is often translated as "religion" in modern translations, but up to the mid-17th century, translators expressed

4280: 12337: 11992: 11690: 11066: 9761: 9655: 8538: 8213: 7530: 6854: 6631:(1992–1995) have been viewed as religious wars between the Orthodox, Catholic and Muslim populations of former 6555: 6543:'s declaration that the war would not end until Iran had defeated the Ba'athist regime and replaced it with an 6524: 6310: 6306: 5729:

maintains that " wars of religion of this period fought mainly for confessional security and political gain".

5399: 4886: 2362: 1629: 17: 12479: 11114: 10946:(Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Europäische Geschichte Mainz, 250) Göttingen, Vandenhoeck&Ruprecht, 7650: 7195: 7166: 6966: 6852: 5358:(2004) as "in essence a frontier struggle and a religious war against pagans – devil-worshippers according to 4239:

a war legitimised by religion and/or for religious ends (but possibly fought by secular leaders and soldiers).

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and is often just one of many factors driving a war. For example, many armed conflicts may be simultaneously

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at the time. He asserted that this concept may have re-emerged in modern times within some factions of the

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and stoning. The war, fought between the government and several rebel groups, continued for two decades.

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Online supplementary appendix for "The King is Dead: Political Succession and War in Europe, 1000–1799"

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The term "religious war" was used to describe, controversially at the time, what are now known as the

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religion resisted the spread of Buddhism, and several military conflicts broke out, starting with the

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The Age of Wars of Religion, 1000–1650: An Encyclopedia of Global Warfare and Civilization, Volume 2

10755:

Holy War: How Vasco da Gama's Epic Voyages Turned the Tide in a Centuries-Old Clash of Civilizations

10514: 6065:

Palestinians make ethnic and historical claims to the land, and Jews make religious claims as well.

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In the late 20th century, a number of revisionist historians such as William M. Lamont regarded the

5116: 30:"Holy War" and "Wars of religion" redirect here. For the 16th–18th century conflicts in Europe, see 14013: 13518: 13406: 13253: 13022: 12959: 12787: 12742: 12604: 12484: 12466: 12402: 12332: 12216: 11738: 11322: 11297: 11239: 11119: 11093: 9110:

Encarta-encyclopedie Winkler Prins (1993–2002) s.v. "Tolteken". Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum.

6482: 6295: 6264: 6089: 6030:, which annexed the West Bank portion of the mandate, since then, the region has been plagued with 5772: 5569: 5519: 5382:(7th and 8th century), with both tribes killing several Christian missionaries in defence of their 4377:

According to McGarry & O'Leary (1995), it is evident that religion as one aspect of a people's

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History and the Hebrew Bible: Studies in Ancient Israelite and Ancient Near Eastern Historiography

7019: Inter-Eastern religious conflict (Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Confucianism, Taoism, Shinto) 4585: 13972: 13801: 13781: 13643: 13633: 13591: 13221: 13062: 12924: 12894: 12889: 12832: 12767: 12752: 12685: 12658: 12643: 12051: 12015: 11519: 11441: 10537: 10157: 8673: 6718: 6423: 6407: 6299: 6205: 6081: 5745: 5523: 5462: 4272: 4264: 3870: 3850: 3704: 3694: 3652: 3270: 3111: 2965: 2935: 2930: 2873: 2808: 2793: 2726: 2699: 2684: 2063: 1971: 1953: 1709: 1268: 1190: 1135: 1015: 728: 391: 12869: 2910: 13900: 13873: 13863: 13343: 13323: 13186: 13057: 12954: 12904: 12874: 12854: 12782: 12762: 12737: 12732: 12727: 12638: 12609: 12582: 12553: 12548: 12144: 12134: 11968: 11944: 11660: 11244: 11217: 11188: 11183: 8605:"Numbers 31. War against the Midianites: Judgment for Past Sin, Foretaste of a Future Conquest" 8143: 7388: 7328: 6701:

six years after the war ended. Sudan is majority-Muslim and South Sudan is majority-Christian.

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politicians and clerics at the time, noting that many were or may have been motivated by their

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Sikh Militancy in the Seventeenth Century: Religious Violence in Mughal and Early Modern India

8779: 8604: 8567: 7471: 7343:(Torbeši), but mostly consisted of the group of people who would not be officially be called " 5752:

states, Scandinavia (Sweden, primarily) and Poland were beset by religious warfare during the

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There were also a number of periods of infighting among Muslims; these are known by the term

3937: 3897: 3830: 3719: 3667: 3586: 3337: 3101: 3005: 2980: 2975: 2960: 2955: 2950: 2890: 2838: 2798: 2704: 2674: 2564: 2171: 1427: 1360: 1313: 962: 925: 888: 806: 758: 642: 452: 260: 169: 10384: 9992: 9535:, BADIL Resource Center for Palestinian Residency and Refugee Rights; Cleveland, William L. 9295: 8813: 8710:

The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements

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An Atheist Defends Religion : Why Humanity is Better Off with Religion than Without It

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were mostly framed in terms of a supposed Persian–Arab historical enmity, and Iraq-centred

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Christian brethren, that we have embarked upon our war against the Turks." Scottish writer

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on 19 August 1419 is the event that sparked the Hussite rebellion against his nominal heir

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This happened many times throughout history, beginning with Muhammad's battles against the

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and was used to describe the military campaign of extermination and looting commanded by

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to recruit, mobilise and motivate its troops. On the other hand, justifications from the

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Just Wars, Holy Wars, and Jihads: Christian, Jewish, and Muslim Encounters and Exchanges

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The Myth of Religious Violence : Secular Ideology and the Roots of Modern Conflict

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saw clashes between Muslim herders against Christian farmers near the volatile city of

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The Irrational Atheist: Dissecting the Unholy Trinity of Dawkins, Harris, and Hitchens

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began slowly to rebuild themselves as Lebanon's only major non-sectarian institution.

4873: 4831:. Until the 13th century, the Muslim conquests were those of a more or less coherent 4450:, which he notes is slightly adjusted compared to the 121 that is indeed found in the 13947: 13858: 13786: 13771: 13570: 13513: 13318: 13226: 13117: 13037: 12884: 12184: 11980: 11708: 11610: 11483: 11327: 11277: 11272: 10980: 10962: 10947: 10932: 10914: 10874: 10859: 10841: 10823: 10811: 10797: 10773: 10758: 10693: 10458: 10417: 10390: 10333: 10255: 10204: 10177: 10130: 10096: 9815: 9683: 9660: 9622: 9561: 9540: 9490: 9367: 9331: 9091: 8903: 8819: 8785: 8751: 8714: 8677: 8646: 8612: 8573: 8405: 8369: 8209: 8166: 8053: 8028: 8006: 7899: 7836: 7756: 7728: 7698: 7666: 7622: 7551: 7526: 7495: 7447: 7422: 7392: 7289: 6540: 6496: 6474: 6268: 6228: 6197: 6140: 6132: 6116: 5950: 5788: 5768: 5577: 5568:(1419–1434) is debated. Kokkonen & Sundell (2017) claimed that the death of king 5547: 5496: 5383: 5314: 5280: 5268: 5241: 5227: 5211:) against persons or states who allegedly committed sacrilegious acts before the god 5035: 5023: 4974: 4675: 4671: 4627: 4561: 4523: 4477: 4378: 4363: 4260: 4213: 4074: 4016: 3927: 3855: 3840: 3623: 3566: 3365: 3275: 3166: 3086: 2925: 2201: 2039: 1948: 1895: 1798: 1788: 1783: 1753: 1736: 1731: 1704: 1649: 1350: 1340: 1335: 1325: 1245: 1235: 1230: 1205: 1175: 1065: 1035: 1030: 1020: 1010: 1000: 915: 868: 838: 677: 470: 447: 381: 6577:

which narrates the triumph of 313 followers of the new Muslim faith over almost 900

2008: 13910: 13895: 13823: 13744: 13714: 13545: 13381: 13087: 12653: 12648: 12494: 12392: 11998: 11914: 11894: 11714: 11377: 11302: 11129: 10789: 10727: 10716:"Was the English Civil War a War of Religion? The Evidence of Political Propaganda" 10541: 10247: 9581: 7658: 6600: 6544: 6500: 6461:. At least 30 people were killed, and 120 wounded, including former Prime Minister 6136: 5935: 5845: 5833: 5753: 5559: 5488: 5324: 5260: 5256: 5234: 5220: 5044: 5040: 5015: 5007: 4962: 4840: 4652: 4367: 4284: 4187:

gives religion as the primary cause of 11 of the world's 100 deadliest atrocities.

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The Making of the West: Peoples and Cultures: A Concise History: Volume I: To 1740

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The First Crusade: The Chronicle of Fulcher of Chartres and Other Source Materials

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political factions. However, the conflict played out along three religious lines:

4823:

were a military expansion on an unprecedented scale, beginning in the lifetime of

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had a powerful disintegrative effect on Lebanon, which was closely linked to the

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Sharma, Vivek Swaroop (March/April 2018) "What Makes a Conflict 'Religious'? in

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does not provide a clear discussion on who has the authority to initiate a war (

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Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Volumes 276-278

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When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699-1799

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Hinduism and the Ethics of Warfare in South Asia: From Antiquity to the Present

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Hinduism and the Ethics of Warfare in South Asia: From Antiquity to the Present

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generally described the conflict as a religious war, and used the narrative of

6399: 6173: 5918:(1994) stated that "the uprising in 1821 was mainly a religious war", but that 5897: 5849: 5824: 5792: 5669: 5665: 5433: 4946: 4852: 4659: 4549: 4358:, sometimes translated as "religion", also means law. Throughout the classical 4167: 4112: 3989: 3947: 3917: 3907: 3825: 3818: 3803: 3793: 3613: 3549: 3491: 3486: 3471: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3126: 3061: 2569: 2542: 2387: 2071: 1998: 1746: 1170: 1130: 1108: 1095: 1085: 1055: 967: 920: 723: 714: 605: 558: 538: 528: 498: 465: 353: 310: 265: 137: 70: 10294: 10034:

The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Volume 277

9359: 8750:. Plymouth & Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 99–100. 8114:

God Against The Gods: The History of the War Between Monotheism and Polytheism

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The discussions on the national identity of Bosniaks - a collection of papers

9724:"Review: A War to Start All Wars: Will Israel Ever Seal the Victory of 1948?" 9371: 7336: 6462: 6388: 6201: 6193: 6189: 5996: 5988: 5931: 5919: 5906: 5806: 5761: 5657: 5649: 5645: 5539: 5411: 5171: 5089: 5085: 4907: 4894: 4848: 4843:, expansion continued on all fronts (other than Iberia which was lost in the 4734: 4705: 4688: 4683: 4625:, some of the Crusaders who fought in the name of God were recognized as the 4489: 4413: 4209: 4128: 4001: 3608: 3544: 3529: 3385: 3332: 3203: 3146: 3081: 2464: 2367: 1845: 1833: 1689: 1609: 1525: 1508: 1365: 1200: 878: 873: 853: 833: 748: 719: 694: 570: 548: 533: 508: 348: 270: 233: 228: 125: 8569:

Handbook on the Pentateuch: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy

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to conceal the religious core of the armed conflicts, even though the term "

6215:

minority, he pursued pro-Catholic policies that antagonized many Buddhists.

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war traditions, and found "many similarities in phraseology and ideology".

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Holy War: The Rise of Militant Christian, Jewish and Islamic Fundamentalism

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Lebanon was promised independence, which was achieved on 22 November 1943.

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In the 1980s, serious outbreaks between Christians and Muslims occurred in

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Stalin's Holy War: Religion, Nationalism, and Alliance Politics, 1941-1945

8997: 6565:(1986–1989; in strict sense February–September 1988) was code-named after 13668: 13628: 13596: 13463: 13423: 13263: 13176: 13127: 13102: 13002: 12695: 12429: 12412: 12367: 12287: 11471: 11287: 10770:

1453: The Holy War for Constantinople and the Clash of Islam and the West

10662: 9834: 8645:. Translated by Marva J. Dawn. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 7693:

Morreall, John; Sonn, Tamara (2013). "Myth 8. Religion Causes Violence".

6698: 6658: 6628: 6595: 6554:' which seized control of Iran in 1979, Iraq also launched the so-called 6442: 6430: 6108: 5976: 5939: 5927: 5923: 5901: 5872: 5757: 5737: 5474: 5456: 5436:

were seen as a seamless continuation of this conflict by contemporaries.

5387: 5343: 4877: 4844: 4770: 4756: 4739: 4481: 4421: 4344: 4292: 4276: 3729: 3689: 3657: 3516: 3476: 3312: 3225: 3176: 3151: 3051: 2736: 2454: 2437: 2392: 2312: 1943: 1694: 1659: 1498: 1185: 1150: 858: 801: 704: 488: 209: 204: 10567: 6599:(Kurdish collaborators with the Baathists, literally "donkey's foal" in 5664:) was in the best interest of the Japanese. Unable to reach a decision, 5432:

by later writers in the 17th century. The early modern wars against the

5370:

in the 790s led to their forced conversion to Christianity. The earlier

5104: 4934: 4917: 13942: 13937: 13818: 13813: 13709: 13693: 13550: 13443: 13401: 13363: 13171: 13159: 13132: 13122: 13042: 12456: 12451: 12422: 12357: 12206: 11342: 11337: 10999:

http://nationalinterest.org/feature/what-makes-conflict-religious-24576

10739: 10715: 10553: 8611:. Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press. pp. 176–180. 8142:; these too sacrifice a puppy, a black bitch, to the Wayside Goddess." 6632: 6232: 5992: 5629: 5339: 5309: 5167: 5067: 5000: 4942: 4509: 4493: 4492:, the concept of "holy war" enters a new phase with the development of 4371: 4288: 4011: 4006: 3887: 3882: 3778: 3754: 3603: 3496: 3454: 3410: 3220: 3208: 3181: 3171: 3091: 2481: 2476: 2447: 2382: 2223: 1900: 1870: 1592: 956: 7051: Islamic–Eastern religious conflict (Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism) 13843: 13791: 13508: 13107: 12232: 11818: 11531: 10670: 10329:

After Such Knowledge, What Forgiveness?: My Encounters With Kurdistan

9474: 8974: 7816:

associated with a relationship with God or a vision of transcendence.

7803: 6674: 6574: 6551: 6447: 6372: 6248: 6162: 5776: 5741: 5733: 5653: 5331:

of the Franks waged wars against other European nations who followed

4999:(c. 1900) illustrating the War against the Midianites as narrated in 4856: 4836: 4644: 4640: 4166:, religious elements are overtly present, but variously described as 3912: 3860: 3561: 3156: 2257: 1890: 1714: 1664: 1614: 1604: 1599: 1464: 1255: 1250: 1215: 652: 338: 305: 194: 10731: 10545: 8937:(1993–2002) s.v. "kruistochten". Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum. 8103:"The Encyclopedia of War" by Gordon Martel (17 Jan 2012, 2912 pages) 6907: Christian fundamentalist insurgency against secular government 6284: 13808: 13638: 13565: 13216: 13142: 13047: 13007: 12387: 12382: 12377: 12302: 12297: 12242: 12029: 11555: 11292: 9418:"Samaritans form bridge of peace between Israelis and Palestinians" 8869:

Gregory of Tours, A History of the Franks, Pantianos Classics, 1916

7490:

Omar, Irfan; Duffey, Michael, eds. (22 June 2015). "Introduction".

7344: 6644: 6566: 6403: 5780: 5625: 5405: 5375: 5363: 5351: 5328: 5175: 5163: 5136: 5026:(132–136 CE) as three examples of a "holy war" or "Commanded War" ( 4890: 4824: 4774: 4762: 4727: 4663: 4632: 4622: 4577: 4539: 4351: 4124: 3877: 3699: 3618: 3265: 3191: 3096: 3056: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2327: 2322: 2267: 1905: 1880: 1513: 1145: 1120: 733: 288: 162: 9054:(1993–2002) s.v. "Sigismund ". Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum. 8208:(2 ed.). Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. 5450: 4132: 4080: 12307: 12211: 12191: 12164: 12139: 12043: 10837:

Peace and War: Armed Conflicts and International Order, 1648–1989

10066:. American Academy of Political and Social Science. p. 152. 10037:. American Academy of Political and Social Science. p. 152. 9042:(1993–2002) s.v. "hussieten". Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum. 8992:

A General History of the Christian Era: The Papacy and the Empire

8319:"Christian Jihad: The Crusades and Killing in the Name of Christ" 6376: 6260: 6252: 6237: 5984: 5876: 5749: 5581: 5543: 5417: 5359: 5305: 5155: 4931: 4447: 4131:, there are frequent debates over the extent to which religious, 4084: 2332: 2228: 2208: 2181: 2156: 2079: 1915: 1875: 1639: 1473: 1469: 811: 796: 672: 333: 328: 298: 237: 199: 9804:

Kevin Lewis O'Neill (March 2009). Alexander Laban Hilton (ed.).

8781:

Wars From Within: Understanding And Managing Insurgent Movements

6561:(April–July 1988) in the final stages of the war. Moreover, the 6507:). Some of the underlying motives of Saddam appear to have been 4906:

The first forms of military jihad occurred after the migration (

13268: 12292: 12196: 12174: 12169: 12119: 11352: 11038: 10382: 8444: 7264: 6670: 6640: 6027: 5637: 5633: 5564:

The relative importance of the various factors that caused the

5347: 5212: 5204: 5200: 5071: 4911: 4832: 4656: 4535: 4473: 4355: 3317: 2317: 2213: 2191: 2186: 2136: 1422: 818: 635: 371: 10786:

Holy War in Judaism: The Fall and Rise of a Controversial Idea

8739: 8737: 8473:

Holy War in Judaism: The Fall and Rise of a Controversial Idea

7098: 6922: 6846: 6755: 6735: 6715: 4847:) for another half millennium until the final collapse of the 13278: 12124: 11604: 9245:(Oxford: Blackwell, 2001), pp. 96f and sources cited therein. 9201: 9199: 8771: 8702: 8700: 6666: 6649: 6636: 6605: 6578: 6487: 6433:

troops, who had invaded Lebanon in 1941 to rid Beirut of the

6392: 6101: 6088:

in 1906 by Muslims who were suspicious of the Hindu-majority

6085: 6012: 5972: 5860: 5075: 4958: 4899: 4806: 4747: 4648: 3327: 2141: 893: 429: 424: 11088: 9999:, Gravel Edition, Volume 2. 10 July 1963. pp. 729–733. 9327:

Classical Greece: Ancient Histories and Modern Archaeologies

8981:, Second Edition (New York: Bedford/St. Martin's 2007), 391. 7492:

Peacemaking and the Challenge of Violence in World Religions

5954:

A fatally wounded Israeli school boy in a Hamas attack, 2011

5711:

European wars of religion § Definitions and discussions

5362:." He noted that Charlemagne ordered the destruction of the 4463: 13890: 13719: 10491:

Rasprave o nacionalnom identitetu Bošnjaka – Zbornik radova

8734: 6570: 6359:

There is no consensus among scholars on what triggered the

5853: 5732:

In 16th-century France, there was a series of wars between

5378:

resisted with similar determinacy as the Saxons during the

4950: 4531: 3959: 3788: 189: 184: 9862:"Nigeria violence: Muslim-Christian clashes kill hundreds" 9445:"Muslim Arab Bedouins serve as Jewish state's gatekeepers" 9297:

The Life of Alexander Lycurgus, Archbishop of the Cyclades

9211: 9196: 8958: 8956: 8697: 7927:. Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, 1984. 10060:

American Academy of Political and Social Science (1951).

10031:

American Academy of Political and Social Science (1951).

9615:"The Consequences of Counterterrorist Policies in Israel" 9387:"The Druze of Israel: Hope for Arab-Jewish Collaboration" 9186: 9184: 8879: 8877: 8875: 8805: 8457: 8455: 8453: 8368:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 27–28. 6368: 6177: 5875:. Many historians trace the origins of hostility between 5428:

in the 11th century were recognized as a "holy war" or a

4651:, and the provision of support to the besieged Christian 4472:, i.e. dominated by a single god of the ruling elite (as 4123:

which is primarily caused or justified by differences in

4120: 62: 10355:"The Crimes of Saddam Hussein – 1988 The Anfal Campaign" 9158: 9009: 8818:. London & New York: I.B.Tauris. pp. 3–4, 252. 8246:"Conflicts of Ideology in Christian and Muslim Holy War" 7951: 7949: 6661:

or ethnic in nature, others such as the literary critic

5987:

in greater percentages than Israeli Jews are as well as

10409: 9803: 9511:"Palestinian refugees, Israeli left-wingers mark Nakba" 8953: 7973:"Counting "Religious Wars" in the Encyclopedia of Wars" 7718: 7716: 7714: 6347:

Lebanese Civil War § Political groups and militias

11757:

Antireligious campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party

10840:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 379. 9223: 9181: 8916: 8872: 8851: 8450: 7525:. Facts on File. pp. 1484–1485 "Religious wars". 7314: 7312: 7310: 6521:

1974–75 Kurdish rebellion against the Iraqi government

5871:

into their present homelands to the north and west of

4488:, etc.), or more directly by deifying the ruler in an 11685:

Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia

11538:

Persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction

9555: 9330:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 22. 7946: 6208:

area in the north of the country in central Vietnam.

6200:

of 1966 was a period of civil and military unrest in

5574:

Sigismund (then king of Germany, Hungary and Croatia)

4542:

before engaging in ritual fighting at the Phoebaeum.

10979:. London: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 1076. 10885:

Kokkonen, Andrej; Sundell, Anders (September 2017).

10162:"Uyghur Muslim Ethnic Separatism in Xinjiang, China" 9364:

Bulletin du Centre de recherche français à Jérusalem

9021: 8572:. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Books. p. 371. 8518:"War in the Hebrew Bible and Contemporary Parallels" 7711: 6593:(also known as "Chemical Ali"). His orders informed 5255:

Firestone (2012) stated that in the eyes of ancient

5195:, four (or five) wars were fought in and around the 4334: 4328: 11049:

Counting Religious Wars in the Encyclopedia of Wars

10856:

The Holy War Idea in Western and Islamic Traditions

7307: 6424:

fled the fighting or were expelled from their homes

5983:, participate in combat and are represented in the 5526:were joined by the armies of his Christian rivals, 5271:(132–136 CE) were "holy wars" or "Commanded Wars" ( 4552:attitude to war and religion differed from that of 4243: 10894:. Gothenburg: University of Gothenburg. p. 40 10376: 10122: 10088: 10021:John Alexander Selbie, Louis Herbert Gray 1916 893 9887:Clayton, Jonathan; Gledhill, Ruth (8 March 2010). 9621:. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. p. 356. 9560:. Minority Rights Group Report no 24. p. 10. 9478: 9416: 9254:For example, David D. Laitin and Said S. Samatar, 8713:. New Delhi: SAGE Publications India. p. 70. 8398:"Two Cultures, Two Traditions: Opening a Dialogue" 8273:"Timeline for the Crusades and Christian Holy War" 7995: 7826: 7824: 7573:"Religion and the 100 Worst Atrocities in History" 7380: 7067: Inter-Christian conflict (Catholic–Orthodox) 4910:) of Muhammad and his small group of followers to 13854:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 10455:God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything 10383:Branislav Radeljić; Martina Topić (1 July 2015). 10200:Nationalism and ethnoregional identities in China 8777: 7970: 7935: 7933: 7925:Buddhism and the State in Sixteenth-Century Japan 6509:controlling the Shatt al-Arab waterway and region 6026:, led to the creation of the state of Israel and 5692:; the latter lost and were driven to flee to the 5684:of Mesoamerica (c. 980–1110) between devotees of 4674:, or because of political conflicts, such as the 4499: 3923:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 13995: 11054:Religion and the 100 Worst Atrocities in History 10907:Metcalf, Barbara D.; Metcalf, Thomas R. (2006). 10182:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 9612: 8948:Bellum sacrum Ecclesiae militantis contra Turcum 8308:. Oxford University Press, London, 2004. PP. 63. 7904:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 7657:. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 149–150. 6363:(1975–1990). However, the militarization of the 6245:expelled 20,000 Kazakhs from Xinjiang to Qinghai 6034:. The 1948 Palestinian exodus also known as the 5844:(1529–1543) was a military conflict between the 5368:Carolingian campaign against the Pannonian Avars 4635:were a series of military campaigns against the 4538:, however, each company of youths sacrificed to 13514:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 10884: 10403: 10292: 9993:"The Situation In South Vietnam - SNIE 53-2-63" 9985: 9886: 9835:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 9003: 8784:. London: Imperial College Press. p. 194. 8402:Holy War Idea in Western and Islamic Traditions 8195: 8193: 8191: 8189: 8119: 7821: 7521:Axelrod, Alan; Phillips, Charles, eds. (2004). 7520: 5945: 5783:to support the war against the 'Catholic' king 4530:with particular attributes and interest areas. 3567:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 12996:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 11436:Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent 11430:Persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire 10906: 10726:(2). University of California Press: 173–201. 10413:Freedom of Religion and Belief: A World Report 10196: 10150: 9762:"Census of India : Religious Composition" 9748: 7930: 7865:. London: Longmans, Green, and co. p. 28. 7804:Pluralism Project, Harvard University (2015). 7753:Before Religion: A History of a Modern Concept 7516: 7514: 7372: 6815: Inter-Islamic conflict (e.g. Sunni–Shia) 4404:War of succession § Prevalence and impact 3045:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 12059: 11617:Persecution of Christians in the Eastern Bloc 11424:Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire 11074: 10321: 10319: 10317: 10315: 9754: 9679:1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War 9582:"The United Nations and Palestinian Refugees" 9539:, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2004, p. 270. 8778:Schnabel, Albrecht; Gunaratna, Rohan (2015). 8239: 8237: 7886:. Archived from the original on 23 March 2003 7794:( Philadelphia: Dropsie College Press, 1936). 7777:History of Zionism: A Handbook and Dictionary 7545: 5926:about European history and civilisation, and 5834:Ethiopian Empire (Abyssinian/Habesha Kingdom) 5748:. In the first half of the 17th century, the 5611:in 1414, which ultimately condemned Jan Hus. 5292: 4720:Violence against Muslims in independent India 4631:, the soldiers or the knights of Christ. The 4048: 2040: 11739:Violence against Hindus in independent India 10913:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. 10233: 10231: 10229: 10227: 9606: 9090:. Harvest House Publishers. pp. 69–70. 8902:. Copenhagen: Books on Demand. p. 126. 8743: 8186: 7692: 7618:War and Religion after Westphalia, 1648–1713 7441: 6585:in the year 624. "Al Anfal" literally means 6169:in a border area between the two religions. 5979:who, for example, volunteer to serve in the 5887: 5704: 5409:of the Crusades in favour of other factors. 13212:List of people killed for being transgender 11951:Attacks by Islamic extremists in Bangladesh 11466:Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent 10689:The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare 10527: 10288: 10286: 10284: 10282: 10280: 10278: 9807:Genocide: truth, memory, and representation 9682:. Yale University Press. pp. 394–396. 9087:The Popular Encyclopedia of World Religions 8561: 8559: 7941:Explaining Northern Ireland: Broken Images. 7511: 7412: 7410: 7408: 7387:. Downers Grove, Ill.: IVP Books. pp. 7347:" until 1993, namely, Muslims speaking the 6693:from 1983 to 2005 has been described as an 6313:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 4732:This does not refer to religious conflict. 4283:during the Reformation in Germany, and the 3261:List of people killed for being transgender 12066: 12052: 11081: 11067: 10667:Political Islam, World Politics and Europe 10457:. London: Atlantic Books. pp. 22–24. 10352: 10312: 9837:"Refworld - Chronology for Ibo in Nigeria" 9152: 8234: 8154: 8152: 7746: 7744: 7610: 7608: 7606: 7604: 7602: 7600: 7598: 7550:. W.W. Norton & Company. p. 544. 7075: Christian–Eastern religious conflict 6367:population, along with the arrival of the 6255:, until there were only 135 of them left. 5723:, from at least the mid 18th century. The 5472:(2004) noted that the belligerents in the 4468:While early empires could be described as 4372:ceremonial as well as practical traditions 4055: 4041: 2047: 2033: 11586:Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars 10794:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199860302.001.0001 10783: 10692:. Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 21, 314. 10224: 10156: 9937: 9889:"500 butchered in Nigeria killing fields" 9319: 9317: 9315: 8461: 7830: 7416: 7043: Inter-Islamic conflict (Sunni–Shia) 6333:Learn how and when to remove this message 5614: 4781:However, according to Torkel Berkke, the 4464:Holy war concepts in religious traditions 12323:Social determinants of health in poverty 10858:, Pennsylvania State University Press, 10685: 10488: 10445: 10275: 10237: 9121:Considerations on the Present German War 9079: 9077: 9075: 9073: 9071: 9069: 8962: 8883: 8744:Fenech, Louis E.; McLeod, W. H. (2014). 8598: 8596: 8565: 8556: 8424: 7775:Hershel Edelheit, Abraham J. Edelheit, 7722: 7686: 7614: 7465: 7463: 7435: 7405: 7333:Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 6350: 5949: 5805: 5675: 5449: 5068:war against the Midianites in Numbers 31 4990: 4872: 4827:and spanning the centuries, down to the 4593: 4079: 4068: 2348:Social determinants of health in poverty 1006:List of military strategies and concepts 27:War primarily over religious differences 11550:French Revolutionary dechristianisation 10713: 9721: 9556:McDowall, David; Claire Palley (1987). 9384: 9229: 9217: 9205: 9190: 8922: 8895: 8857: 8515: 8509: 8395: 8343: 8306:The Crusades: A Very Short Introduction 8158: 8149: 8022: 7966: 7964: 7881:"The Imperial Law and the Buddhist Law" 7750: 7741: 7725:The Territories of Science and Religion 7595: 7378: 6529:the instability of post-Revolution Iran 6465:, who was riding in a bulletproof car. 6135:, while Pakistan was established as an 5912:Germanus, the aged Archbishop of Patras 5586:Defenestration of Prague (30 July 1419) 5546:conquerors of the southern half of the 5446:Reconquista § Concept and duration 4987:Numbers 31 § Scholarly discussions 14: 13996: 11496:Forced conversions of Muslims in Spain 10833: 10325: 10252:10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.812 9702: 9675: 9613:Pedahzur, Ami; Perliger, Arie (2010). 9323: 9312: 8665: 8429:. Johns Hopkins Press. pp. 55–56. 8357: 8355: 8199: 8165:. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. p. 57. 8001:Axelrod, Alan & Phillips, Charles 7971:Andrew Holt Ph. D (26 December 2018). 7955: 7855: 7621:. Ashgate Publishing. pp. 76–77. 7485: 7483: 7469: 7027: Islamic–polytheist Arab conflict 6054:fled or were expelled from their homes 5699: 5628:was formally introduced into Japan by 5084:Other wars known to Judaism include a 4254:War of succession § Applicability 12047: 11745:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight 11062: 11011: 10997:154, 46–55. Full text available at: 10972: 10788:. New York: Oxford University Press. 10416:. Psychology Press. pp. 409 ff. 10386:Religion in the Post-Yugoslav Context 10240:"War and Religion: The Iran−Iraq War" 9473: 9467: 9357: 9293: 9241:See, for example, Richard Pankhurst, 9083: 9066: 9027: 9015: 8706: 8602: 8593: 8482: 8085:from the original on 1 September 2017 8075:"Is Religion the Cause of Most Wars?" 8072: 8005:Vol.1, Facts on File, November 2004, 7912:Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 7878:and Jacqueline I. Stone, translator. 7648: 7642: 7548:The Great Big Book of Horrible Things 7489: 7460: 7442:Morreall, John; Sonn, Tamara (2013). 6684: 6395:are considered among Shiite Muslims. 6274: 6075: 5810:Horn of Africa circa 1540 during the 5801: 5771:(1642–1651) as a religious war, with 4184:The Great Big Book of Horrible Things 13978: 13018:Capital punishment for homosexuality 12328:Social determinants of mental health 10003:from the original on 9 November 2017 9722:Ben-Ami, Shlomo (1 September 2008). 9619:The Consequences of Counterterrorism 9385:Adelman, Jonathan (8 October 2015). 9256:Somalia: Nation in Search of a State 9136:The General History of the Later War 8899:1016: The Danish Conquest of England 8811: 8404:. Penn State Press. pp. 20–25. 8264: 8052:. BenBella Books. pp. 104–106. 7961: 7792:The Jews. Race, Nation, or Religion? 7570: 7539: 7473:The General History of the Later War 6880: Christian–Indigenous conflicts 6441:In March 1991, Parliament passed an 6311:adding citations to reliable sources 6278: 6251:massacred their fellow Muslims, the 6183: 6146: 5584:(1415) "provoked the conflict", the 5099: 4716:Violence against Christians in India 3067:Capital punishment for homosexuality 2353:Social determinants of mental health 13138:Genital modification and mutilation 11889:Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War 11839:Persecution of Hindus in Bangladesh 11751:Jewish exodus from the Muslim world 11544:Christianization of the Sámi people 11012:Smith, Lisa Deeley (27 July 1982). 10293:Griffin Johnson (9 November 2019). 10126:Xinjiang: China's Muslim borderland 10092:Xinjiang: China's Muslim borderland 9899:from the original on 30 August 2011 9537:A History of the Modern Middle East 9269:"Greek Declaration of Independence" 9052:Encarta Winkler Prins Encyclopaedia 9040:Encarta Winkler Prins Encyclopaedia 8935:Encarta Winkler Prins Encyclopaedia 8845:Encarta Encyclopaedia Winkler Prins 8638: 8485:"Holy War Idea in the Hebrew Bible" 8361: 8352: 8348:. Cambridge University. p. 28. 8222:from the original on 18 August 2021 8047: 7697:. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 39–44. 7480: 7446:. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 39–44. 7421:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 7274: Christian–secularist conflict 6799: Abrahamic–polytheist conflict 6619:Foreign fighters in the Bosnian War 6218: 6043: 5971:to varying degrees, especially the 5863:. The intervention of the European 5682:religious wars in the Toltec Empire 5276: 5215:. The following are distinguished: 5031: 4686:raised the level of the war from a 4590:Sectarian violence among Christians 4586:Counter-Reformation § Politics 3187:Genital modification and mutilation 48:Religious conflict (disambiguation) 24: 12073: 11005: 10410:Kevin Boyle; Juliet Sheen (1997). 10389:. Lexington Books. pp. 5–11. 10295:"Iran-Iraq War | Animated History" 9868:from the original on 11 March 2010 9768:from the original on 30 April 2016 9715: 9635:from the original on 17 April 2021 9594:from the original on 23 April 2021 8243: 7833:The Invention of Religion in Japan 7247: Catholic–Protestant conflict 7223: Christian–'heretic' conflict 7035: Islamic–Zoroastrian conflict 6263:remember that the Hui army at the 6115:into two new sovereign states—the 5719:, and especially the then-ongoing 5064:war narratives in the Hebrew Bible 4855:in the west with the onset of the 4319:as early as the 1760s, during the 25: 14030: 11733:Violence against Muslims in India 11727:Persecution of Hindus in Pakistan 11673:Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses 11032: 10610:from the original on 4 March 2012 10580:from the original on 23 June 2011 10238:Asadzade, Peyman (25 June 2019). 10070:from the original on 15 July 2021 10041:from the original on 15 July 2021 9397:from the original on 3 April 2019 8427:War and Peace in the Law of Islam 8270: 8252:from the original on 25 June 2016 8027:. Alpha Books. pp. 117–118. 7813:. Harvard University. p. 2. 7383:Exposing Myths about Christianity 5644:(552–587) between the pro-Shinto 4789:), nor on what makes a war just ( 4400:Casus belli § Categorisation 13977: 13968: 13967: 13617:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 13454:Law for Protection of the Nation 13354:White genocide conspiracy theory 12028: 11044:Maps of War, History of Religion 11014:"Religion: The idea of holy war" 10931:, Univ of North Carolina Press, 10656: 10622: 10596: 10560: 10521: 10482: 10439: 10430: 10346: 10203:. Psychology Press. p. 35. 10190: 10116: 10082: 10053: 10024: 10015: 9976: 9967: 9928: 9911: 9880: 9854: 9828: 9797: 9258:(Boulder: Westview Press, 1987). 8994:, Vol.1, (B. Herder, 1913), 372. 8747:Historical Dictionary of Sikhism 8283:from the original on 2 June 2016 7831:Josephson, Jason Ananda (2012). 7571:Holt, Andrew (8 November 2018). 7379:Russell, Jeffrey Burton (2012). 7355:(SDA) on 27 September 1993, see 7351:. This decision was made by the 7321: 7239: Catholic–Orthodox conflict 7231: Christian–Islamic conflict 7059: Christian–Islamic conflict 7011: Judaic–polytheist conflict 6872: Inter–Indigenous conflicts 6807: Christian–Islamic conflict 6612: 6468: 6283: 6188:During the rule of the Catholic 6048:approximately 711,000 to 726,000 5995:, various other Christians, and 5882: 5636:in 552. Adherents of the native 5147:This section is an excerpt from 5103: 4269:Succession of Henry IV of France 4244:Applicability of religion to war 3678:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 3507:Law for Protection of the Nation 3401:White genocide conspiracy theory 2078: 80: 44:War of Religion (disambiguation) 13459:MSM blood donation restrictions 13207:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 12005:2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel 11975:Persecution of Uyghurs in China 10679: 9864:. CSMonitor.com. 8 March 2010. 9780: 9742: 9696: 9669: 9647: 9574: 9549: 9503: 9485:. Metropolitan Books. pp. 9451:. 24 April 2013. Archived from 9437: 9409: 9378: 9351: 9300:. London: Rivingtons. p. 3 9287: 9261: 9248: 9235: 9113: 9104: 9057: 9045: 9033: 8984: 8968: 8940: 8928: 8889: 8863: 8839: 8659: 8632: 8476: 8467: 8433: 8418: 8389: 8337: 8311: 8295: 8132: 8106: 8097: 8066: 8041: 8016: 7983:from the original on 4 May 2019 7917: 7869: 7849: 7835:. University of Chicago Press. 7807:Judaism - Introductory Profiles 7797: 7769: 7727:. University of Chicago Press. 7255: Inter-Protestant conflict 6355:War-damaged buildings in Beirut 6125:Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948 5553: 4655:which was waging a war against 4567: 3512:MSM blood donation restrictions 3256:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 34:. For the EP by Subhumans, see 13472:(as religious or racial quota) 11993:2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings 11963:Genocide of Christians by ISIL 11697:Communist Romanian persecution 10927:Miner, Steven Merritt (2003). 10353:Dave Johns (24 January 2006). 9951:. 14 June 1963. Archived from 9659:. Simon & Schuster, 2006. 9656:Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid 9169:. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc 9159:John Hearsey McMillan Salmon. 8396:Johnson, James Turner (1997). 7564: 7494:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 1. 7417:Cavanaugh, William T. (2009). 7215: Christian–pagan conflict 6899: Inter-Christian conflict 6823: Inter-Christian conflict 6018:In 1947, the UN's decision to 5962:can primarily be viewed as an 5439: 5400:Historiography of the Crusades 5287: 5162:, dharam-yudh or dharam yudh ( 4887:separation of Church and State 4600:St. Bartholomew's Day massacre 4500:Ancient warfare and polytheism 4366:consisted of concepts such as 4295:in Great Britain and Ireland. 4190: 4146:According to scholars such as 3525:(as religious or racial quota) 13: 1: 13886:Second-generation gender bias 13602:Constitutional colorblindness 12318:Social determinants of health 12011:2024 Istanbul church shooting 11987:Christchurch mosque shootings 11775:Religious violence in Nigeria 11769:Exodus of Turks from Bulgaria 10854:Johnson, James Turner (1997). 10244:Oxford Research Encyclopedias 9617:. In Crenshaw, Martha (ed.). 8073:Lurie, Alan (10 April 2012). 7366: 7083: Islamic–Judaic conflict 6371:guerrilla forces, sparked an 6153:Religious violence in Nigeria 6113:British India was partitioned 6107:After the dissolution of the 5512:Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa 5386:, to the horror of Christian 4393: 3955:Second-generation gender bias 3663:Constitutional colorblindness 2343:Social determinants of health 11901:War crimes in the Kosovo War 11691:Communist Polish persecution 11562:1860 Mount Lebanon civil war 11490:Crusades against schismatics 10720:Huntington Library Quarterly 10326:Randal, Jonathan C. (2019). 10129:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 113. 10095:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 311. 9734:(5): 148–156. Archived from 8566:Hamilton, Victor P. (2005). 7939:McGarry J, O'Leary B, 1995. 7523:Encyclopedia of Wars (Vol.3) 7335:since 1971. It included the 6505:Arab separatism in Khuzestan 6243:In 1936, after Sheng Shicai 5960:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 5946:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 5186: 4281:War of the Jülich Succession 4152:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 4107:, sometimes also known as a 7: 13797:Medical model of disability 13649:Hate speech laws by country 10942:Mühling, Christian (2018). 10822:, Oxford University Press, 10246:. Oxford University Press. 10123:S. Frederick Starr (2004). 10089:S. Frederick Starr (2004). 9004:Kokkonen & Sundell 2017 8812:Syan, Hardip Singh (2013). 7663:10.1007/978-1-349-21927-8_6 7476:. Vol. 3. p. 110. 7283: 6840: 6704: 6559:("Trust in God") Operations 6523:), obtaining access to the 6511:(previously settled by the 5560:Hussite Wars § Origins 5393: 5342:(772–804) of Frankish king 4712:Religious violence in India 4699: 4602:of French Protestants, 1572 4335: 4329: 4291:–Jacobite wars) during the 3866:Medical model of disability 3710:Hate speech laws by country 1504:Military–industrial complex 978:Operational manoeuvre group 10: 14035: 13906:Social model of disability 12373:Discrimination against men 10910:A Concise History of India 10818:Hashmi, Sohail H. (2012). 10784:Firestone, Reuven (2012). 10630:"Sudan at War With Itself" 10332:. Routledge. p. 183. 9749:Metcalf & Metcalf 2006 9360:"In search of a lost time" 8950:by Léonard de Vaux (1685). 8642:Holy War in Ancient Israel 8639:Rad, Gerhard von (2016) . 7695:50 Great Myths of Religion 7444:50 Great Myths of Religion 7353:Party of Democratic Action 7207: Inter-pagan conflict 6616: 6450:) were dissolved, and the 6438:Parliament a Shia Muslim. 6344: 6150: 5900:in a mix of religious and 5879:and Ethiopia to this war. 5857:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi 5708: 5618: 5576:, making it essentially a 5557: 5443: 5397: 5293:Christianisation of Europe 5146: 5141: 5134: 4984: 4978: 4972: 4968: 4800: 4709: 4703: 4571: 4560:with other (polytheistic) 4503: 4397: 4314:comes from the Latin word 4308:Myth of Religious Violence 4247: 4194: 3975:Social model of disability 2398:Discrimination against men 29: 13963: 13702: 13579: 13372: 13259:Opposition to immigration 12983: 12623: 12465: 12225: 12175:Race / Ethnicity 12112: 12081: 12025: 11933:South Thailand insurgency 11909:Walisongo school massacre 11877:Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus 11526:Expulsion of the Moriscos 11502:European wars of religion 11416: 11260: 11100: 10973:Nolan, Cathal J. (2006). 10871:Religion and the Cold War 9973:Tucker, pp. 49, 291, 293. 9934:Moyar (2006), pp. 215–16. 9524:, Tel Aviv, 13 May 2008; 9243:The Ethiopians: A History 8707:Chima, Jugdep S. (2008). 8603:Olson, Dennis T. (2012). 8321:. Cbn.com. Archived from 8248:. Binghamton University. 8159:Barstad, Hans M. (2008). 7755:. Yale University Press. 7092: 6709: 6691:Second Sudanese Civil War 6533:1979 Khuzestan insurgency 6525:oil reserves in Khuzestan 6247:, the Hui led by General 6225:Dungan revolt (1862–1877) 6204:, largely focused in the 6104:-dominated subcontinent. 5894:Greek War of Independence 5888:Greek War of Independence 5781:Puritan religious beliefs 5744:primarily), known as the 5717:European wars of religion 5705:European wars of religion 5520:medieval history of Spain 5493:established inside Iberia 5207:(Oracle) residing in the 5095: 4582:European wars of religion 4574:Christianity and violence 4548:(2008) claimed that this 3308:Opposition to immigration 2192:Race / Ethnicity 1568:Loss-of-strength gradient 420:Combat information center 40:Holy War (disambiguation) 32:European wars of religion 13254:Occupational segregation 13023:Compulsory sterilization 11323:Extrajudicial punishment 10158:Van Wie Davis, Elizabeth 9791:22 December 2010 at the 9358:Merza, Eleonore (2008). 9145:17 February 2020 at the 8666:Dhavan, Purnima (2011). 8425:Khadduri, Majid (1955). 7723:Harrison, Peter (2015). 7615:Onnekink, David (2013). 7300: 6673:" were employed as mere 6653:and were thus known as " 6483:Islamic Republic of Iran 6265:Battle of Kashgar (1934) 6090:Indian National Congress 5930:of Ottoman culture. The 5680:There have been several 5570:Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia 5062:Several scholars regard 4796: 4554:ancient Israel and Judah 3303:Occupational segregation 3072:Compulsory sterilization 1886:Military science fiction 1371:Technology and equipment 787:List of military tactics 13782:Internalized oppression 13644:Fighting Discrimination 13634:Fat acceptance movement 13592:Anti-discrimination law 13232:Native American mascots 12016:Crocus City Hall attack 11763:Persecution of Tibetans 11520:French Wars of Religion 11442:Yellow Turban Rebellion 10834:Holsti, Kalevi (1991). 10768:Crowley, Roger (2013). 10714:Burgess, Glenn (1998). 10576:. Library of Congress. 10538:Oxford University Press 10197:William Safran (1998). 9705:"The Jihad That Wasn't" 9481:One Palestine, Complete 9294:Skene, Felicia (1877). 9166:Encyclopædia Britannica 9084:Wolff, Richard (2007). 8990:Guggenberger, Anthony, 8674:Oxford University Press 8516:Niditch, Susan (1995). 8200:Peters, Edward (1998). 8023:Sheiman, Bruce (2009). 7751:Nongbri, Brent (2013). 6916: 6635:: respectively called " 6531:, including the failed 6503:(including support for 6082:All India Muslim League 6068:According to historian 5746:French Wars of Religion 5726:Encyclopædia Britannica 5652:) and the pro-Buddhist 5524:Alfonso VIII of Castile 5463:Cantigas de Santa Maria 4458:The Encyclopedia of War 4273:French Wars of Religion 4265:War of the Three Henrys 3851:Internalized oppression 3705:Fighting Discrimination 3695:Fat acceptance movement 3653:Anti-discrimination law 3281:Native American mascots 1954:Wartime sexual violence 1710:Full-spectrum dominance 1521:Supply-chain management 13901:Social identity threat 13874:Reverse discrimination 13864:Racial color blindness 13344:Violence against women 13324:Sex-selective abortion 11969:Iraqi Turkmen genocide 11945:Maspero demonstrations 11793:Huế Phật Đản shootings 10957:New, David S. (2013). 10873:, Palgrave Macmillan, 10686:Bradbury, Jim (2004). 10299:The Armchair Historian 9945:"The Religious Crisis" 9922:15 August 2011 at the 9764:. Censusindia.gov.in. 9676:Morris, Benny (2008). 9161:"The Wars of Religion" 9130:7 January 2016 at the 8447:regarding these verses 7546:Matthew White (2011). 6513:1975 Algiers Agreement 6356: 5955: 5837: 5642:Soga–Mononobe conflict 5621:Soga–Mononobe conflict 5615:Soga–Mononobe conflict 5538:in battle against the 5522:. The forces of King 5466: 5308:on the origins of the 5301: 5265:First Jewish–Roman War 5060: 5020:First Jewish–Roman War 5004: 4949:(624), and battles in 4939: 4881: 4829:Ottoman wars in Europe 4811:Early Muslim conquests 4746:). It is important in 4621:During the era of the 4603: 4446:of far-right activist 4443:The Irrational Atheist 4250:Definition of religion 4241: 4226: 4148:Jeffrey Burton Russell 4141:definition of religion 4116: 4096: 4077: 4073:A sample scene of the 3970:Social identity threat 3943:Reverse discrimination 3933:Racial color blindness 3391:Violence against women 3371:Sex-selective abortion 1866:Awards and decorations 1839:Peace through strength 1814:Low-intensity conflict 1448:Conscientious objector 1321:Area of responsibility 38:. For other uses, see 13869:Religious intolerance 13829:Political correctness 13659:Intersex human rights 13607:Cultural assimilation 13289:Religious persecution 13053:Disability hate crime 12838:Jewish / Antisemitism 11939:Boko Haram insurgency 11598:Pontic Greek genocide 11508:Ottoman–Habsburg wars 11318:Extrajudicial killing 11090:Religious persecution 10995:The National Interest 10753:Cliff, Nigel (2011). 10530:Sociology of Religion 10447:Hitchens, Christopher 10359:Saddam's Road to Hell 9812:Duke University Press 9703:Gelber, Yoav (2008). 8896:Ullidtz, Per (2014). 8537:: 406. Archived from 8490:. USC. Archived from 8362:Roy, Kaushik (2012). 7857:Müller, Friedrich Max 7470:Entick, John (1763). 6477:(1980–1988), the new 6452:Lebanese Armed Forces 6416:1948 Arab–Israeli War 6412:1958 political crisis 6354: 6084:(AIML) was formed in 6058:1948 Arab–Israeli War 5953: 5809: 5676:Toltec religious wars 5619:Further information: 5558:Further information: 5536:Afonso II of Portugal 5528:Sancho VII of Navarre 5453: 5424:The Crusades against 5380:Frisian–Frankish wars 5297: 5197:Panhellenic sanctuary 5056: 4994: 4979:Further information: 4923: 4876: 4801:Further information: 4692:(a "just war"), to a 4597: 4572:Further information: 4504:Further information: 4368:penance through piety 4237: 4218: 4083: 4072: 3938:Religious intolerance 3898:Political correctness 3720:Intersex human rights 3668:Cultural assimilation 3338:Religious persecution 3102:Disability hate crime 2879:Jewish / Antisemitism 453:Torpedo data computer 443:Ship gun fire-control 13274:Political repression 12278:Anti-left handedness 12268:Anti-intellectualism 11921:September 11 attacks 11857:1984 anti-Sikh riots 11721:Rawalpindi massacres 11667:White Terror (Spain) 11478:Massacre at Ayyadieh 11363:Population cleansing 9738:on 21 November 2018. 9531:12 June 2008 at the 9516:23 July 2008 at the 9324:Morris, Ian (1994). 8302:Tyerman, Christopher 8003:Encyclopedia of Wars 7782:24 June 2011 at the 7655:The Balance of Power 7649:Luard, Evan (1992). 6663:Christopher Hitchens 6627:(1991–1995) and the 6420:Palestinian refugees 6307:improve this section 6121:Dominion of Pakistan 6024:Mandate of Palestine 6005:1929 Palestine riots 5785:Charles I of England 5632:from the kingdom of 5609:Council of Constance 5602:prompted him to urge 5149:Dharamyudh (Sikhism) 5012:Second Temple period 4981:Judaism and violence 4945:Arabs including the 4851:in the east and the 4562:ancient Near Eastern 4452:Encyclopedia of Wars 4429:Encyclopedia of Wars 4304:William T. Cavanaugh 4179:Encyclopedia of Wars 4127:and beliefs. In the 3323:Political repression 2303:Anti-left handedness 2293:Anti-intellectualism 1984:Military occupations 1819:Military engineering 1721:Unrestricted Warfare 1578:Force multiplication 471:Military manoeuvrers 14019:Religious practices 14004:Religion-based wars 13777:Historical eugenics 13314:Segregation academy 13294:Religious terrorism 13083:Enemy of the people 12991:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 12505:Jehovah's Witnesses 12398:Perpetual foreigner 11833:Bangladesh genocide 11813:Cultural Revolution 11805:Xá Lợi Pagoda raids 11568:Circassian genocide 11454:Rhineland massacres 11368:Population transfer 11333:Forced displacement 11140:Jehovah's Witnesses 10638:The Washington Post 10497:]. p. 128. 9997:The Pentagon Papers 8483:Firestone, Reuven. 7357:Bosniaks § Identity 6591:Ali Hassan al-Majid 6587:the spoils (of war) 6557:Tawakalna ala Allah 6473:In the case of the 6365:Palestinian refugee 6231:(1856–1873) by the 6213:Catholic Vietnamese 6123:. In the resulting 5794:legally established 5700:Early modern period 5605:Antipope John XXIII 5485:Knights Hospitaller 5267:(66–73 CE) and the 5263:(167–160 BCE), the 5049:Revisionist Zionism 5022:(66–73 CE) and the 5018:(167–160 BCE), the 4878:Fulani jihad states 4680:Council of Clermont 4668:Albigensian Crusade 4520:classical antiquity 4514:List of war deities 4360:Indian subcontinent 4201:Religious terrorism 4172:religious extremism 3846:Historical eugenics 3361:Segregation academy 3343:Religious terrorism 3132:Enemy of the people 3040:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 2538:Jehovah's Witnesses 2423:Perpetual foreigner 1670:Penal military unit 1655:Rules of engagement 1331:Command and control 951:Operations research 415:Director (military) 405:Fire-control system 175:Command and control 56:Part of a series on 36:Religious Wars (EP) 13689:Social integration 13684:Self-determination 13674:Racial integration 13622:Diversity training 13612:Cultural pluralism 13587:Affirmative action 13487:Racial segregation 13397:Crime of apartheid 13299:Religious violence 12802:Indigenous people 12202:Sexual orientation 11927:2002 Gujarat riots 11851:Cambodian genocide 11845:Lebanese Civil War 11623:Soviet persecution 11460:Jerusalem massacre 11373:Sectarian violence 11358:Political violence 11018:The Boston Phoenix 9955:on 4 December 2012 9751:, pp. 221–222 9449:Al Arabiya English 9273:English Wikisource 9220:, p. 198–200. 9208:, p. 196–197. 9138:, Volume 3, 1763, 9018:, p. 428–429. 9006:, Appendix, p. 22. 8497:on 13 October 2016 8441:Muhammad at Medina 7583:on 10 October 2020 7341:Macedonian Muslims 7263: Anti-Jewish 6685:Sudanese Civil War 6655:Bosnian mujahideen 6541:Ayatollah Khomeini 6515:, which had ended 6481:government of the 6410:that preceded the 6385:Christian Lebanese 6375:for the different 6361:Lebanese Civil War 6357: 6275:Lebanese Civil War 6076:Pakistan and India 5985:Israeli parliament 5956: 5842:Ethiopian–Adal War 5838: 5812:Ethiopian–Adal War 5802:Ethiopian–Adal War 5532:Pedro II of Aragon 5495:(such as those of 5467: 5354:were described by 5333:Arian Christianity 5115:. You can help by 5005: 4882: 4880:of Africa, c. 1830 4803:Islam and violence 4678:. In 1095, at the 4604: 4261:wars of succession 4205:Religious violence 4158:, and the wars in 4097: 4078: 3750:Social integration 3745:Self-determination 3735:Racial integration 3683:Diversity training 3673:Cultural pluralism 3648:Affirmative action 3540:Racial segregation 3450:Crime of apartheid 3348:Religious violence 2843:Indigenous people 2219:Sexual orientation 1779:Counter-insurgency 1700:Command of the sea 1645:Jewish laws on war 1620:Geneva Conventions 1156:Divide and conquer 946:Military operation 911:Tactical objective 410:Fire-control radar 387:Electronic-warfare 13991: 13990: 13859:Racism by country 13787:Intersectionality 13772:Heteronormativity 13571:Voter suppression 13319:Sexual harassment 13118:Forced conversion 13038:Cultural genocide 12701:African Americans 12515:post–Cold War era 12500:Eastern Orthodoxy 12263:Anti-drug addicts 12258:Anti-homelessness 12185:Scientific racism 12041: 12040: 11981:Rohingya genocide 11709:Direct Action Day 11661:Šahovići massacre 11611:Armenian genocide 11605:Assyrian genocide 11492:(13th–15th cent.) 11486:(12th–16th cent.) 11484:Northern Crusades 11328:Forced conversion 11278:Cultural genocide 11273:Communal violence 11150:post–Cold War era 11135:Eastern Orthodoxy 10920:978-0-521-68225-1 10757:, HarperCollins, 10423:978-0-415-15977-7 10396:978-1-4985-2248-9 10339:978-0-429-71113-8 10261:978-0-19-022863-7 9821:978-0-8223-4405-6 9628:978-0-87154-073-7 9545:978-0-8133-4047-0 9275:. 15 January 1822 8909:978-87-7145-720-9 8652:978-0-8028-0528-7 8544:on 1 January 2022 8439:William M. Watt: 8411:978-0-271-04214-5 8112:Jonathan Kirsch 8048:Day, Vox (2008). 8011:978-0-8160-2851-1 7977:Andrew Holt, Ph.D 7943:Oxford, Blackwell 7672:978-1-349-21929-2 7577:Andrew Holt, Ph.D 7557:978-0-393-08192-3 7428:978-0-19-538504-5 7290:Odium theologicum 6527:, and exploiting 6343: 6342: 6335: 6269:Uyghur separatism 6229:Panthay Rebellion 6198:Buddhist Uprising 6184:Buddhist uprising 6147:Nigerian conflict 6117:Dominion of India 6051:Palestinian Arabs 6046:), occurred when 5928:Orientalist views 5865:Cristóvão da Gama 5814:, at the peak of 5789:Church of England 5769:English Civil War 5694:Yucatán Peninsula 5688:and followers of 5578:war of succession 5548:Iberian Peninsula 5384:Germanic paganism 5327:' writings, King 5315:Vita Karoli Magni 5281:Milkhemet Mitzvah 5269:Bar Kokhba revolt 5242:Fourth Sacred War 5228:Second Sacred War 5133: 5132: 5039:) in the eyes of 5036:Milkhemet Mitzvah 5024:Bar Kokhba revolt 4975:Milkhemet Mitzvah 4676:Aragonese Crusade 4672:Northern Crusades 4524:Greco-Roman world 4478:Babylonian empire 4379:cultural heritage 4214:war of succession 4177:According to the 4075:Taiping Rebellion 4065: 4064: 3928:Racism by country 3856:Intersectionality 3841:Heteronormativity 3624:Voter suppression 3366:Sexual harassment 3167:Forced conversion 3087:Cultural genocide 2742:African Americans 2548:post–Cold War era 2533:Eastern Orthodoxy 2288:Anti-drug addicts 2283:Anti-homelessness 2202:Scientific racism 2057: 2056: 1949:Horses in warfare 1896:Anti-war movement 1799:Gunboat diplomacy 1789:Disaster response 1737:Philosophy of war 1732:Principles of war 1705:Deterrence theory 1650:Right of conquest 1573:Lanchester's laws 1341:Principles of war 1031:Counter-offensive 1011:Military campaign 916:Target saturation 839:Counterinsurgency 448:Gun data computer 382:Close air support 344:Aircraft carriers 16:(Redirected from 14026: 13981: 13980: 13971: 13970: 13911:Social privilege 13896:Social exclusion 13824:Police brutality 13745:Multiculturalism 13715:Amatonormativity 13546:Social exclusion 13382:Age of candidacy 13182:Homeless dumping 13088:Ethnic cleansing 12068: 12061: 12054: 12045: 12044: 12033: 12032: 11999:2020 Delhi riots 11915:Kosheh massacres 11895:Bosnian genocide 11715:1946 Bihar riots 11378:Social cleansing 11303:Ethnic cleansing 11083: 11076: 11069: 11060: 11059: 11039:Wars of Religion 11028: 11026: 11024: 10990: 10924: 10903: 10901: 10899: 10893: 10851: 10815: 10750: 10748: 10746: 10710: 10708: 10706: 10674: 10660: 10654: 10653: 10648:on 15 May 2008. 10647: 10641:. Archived from 10634: 10626: 10620: 10619: 10617: 10615: 10600: 10594: 10593: 10587: 10585: 10564: 10558: 10557: 10525: 10519: 10518: 10512: 10508: 10506: 10498: 10486: 10480: 10479: 10473: 10471: 10451:"Religion Kills" 10443: 10437: 10434: 10428: 10427: 10407: 10401: 10400: 10380: 10374: 10373: 10371: 10369: 10350: 10344: 10343: 10323: 10310: 10309: 10307: 10305: 10290: 10273: 10272: 10270: 10268: 10235: 10222: 10221: 10219: 10217: 10194: 10188: 10187: 10181: 10173: 10171: 10169: 10154: 10148: 10147: 10145: 10143: 10120: 10114: 10113: 10111: 10109: 10086: 10080: 10079: 10077: 10075: 10057: 10051: 10050: 10048: 10046: 10028: 10022: 10019: 10013: 10012: 10010: 10008: 9989: 9983: 9980: 9974: 9971: 9965: 9964: 9962: 9960: 9941: 9935: 9932: 9926: 9915: 9909: 9908: 9906: 9904: 9884: 9878: 9877: 9875: 9873: 9858: 9852: 9851: 9849: 9847: 9832: 9826: 9825: 9801: 9795: 9784: 9778: 9777: 9775: 9773: 9758: 9752: 9746: 9740: 9739: 9719: 9713: 9712: 9700: 9694: 9693: 9673: 9667: 9651: 9645: 9644: 9642: 9640: 9610: 9604: 9603: 9601: 9599: 9593: 9586: 9578: 9572: 9571: 9558:The Palestinians 9553: 9547: 9507: 9501: 9500: 9484: 9471: 9465: 9464: 9462: 9460: 9441: 9435: 9434: 9432: 9430: 9420: 9413: 9407: 9406: 9404: 9402: 9382: 9376: 9375: 9355: 9349: 9348: 9346: 9344: 9321: 9310: 9309: 9307: 9305: 9291: 9285: 9284: 9282: 9280: 9265: 9259: 9252: 9246: 9239: 9233: 9227: 9221: 9215: 9209: 9203: 9194: 9188: 9179: 9178: 9176: 9174: 9156: 9150: 9119:Israel Mauduit, 9117: 9111: 9108: 9102: 9101: 9081: 9064: 9061: 9055: 9049: 9043: 9037: 9031: 9025: 9019: 9013: 9007: 9001: 8995: 8988: 8982: 8972: 8966: 8960: 8951: 8944: 8938: 8932: 8926: 8920: 8914: 8913: 8893: 8887: 8881: 8870: 8867: 8861: 8855: 8849: 8843: 8837: 8836: 8834: 8832: 8809: 8803: 8802: 8800: 8798: 8775: 8769: 8768: 8766: 8764: 8741: 8732: 8731: 8729: 8727: 8704: 8695: 8694: 8692: 8690: 8663: 8657: 8656: 8636: 8630: 8629: 8627: 8625: 8600: 8591: 8590: 8588: 8586: 8563: 8554: 8553: 8551: 8549: 8543: 8526:Word & World 8522: 8513: 8507: 8506: 8504: 8502: 8496: 8489: 8480: 8474: 8471: 8465: 8459: 8448: 8443:, p.4; q.v. the 8437: 8431: 8430: 8422: 8416: 8415: 8393: 8387: 8386: 8384: 8382: 8359: 8350: 8349: 8341: 8335: 8334: 8332: 8330: 8315: 8309: 8299: 8293: 8292: 8290: 8288: 8277:US Naval Academy 8271:Abels, Richard. 8268: 8262: 8261: 8259: 8257: 8241: 8232: 8231: 8229: 8227: 8197: 8184: 8183: 8181: 8179: 8156: 8147: 8136: 8130: 8123: 8117: 8116:, Penguin, 2005. 8110: 8104: 8101: 8095: 8094: 8092: 8090: 8070: 8064: 8063: 8045: 8039: 8038: 8020: 8014: 7999: 7993: 7992: 7990: 7988: 7968: 7959: 7953: 7944: 7937: 7928: 7921: 7915: 7909: 7903: 7895: 7893: 7891: 7885: 7873: 7867: 7866: 7853: 7847: 7846: 7828: 7819: 7818: 7812: 7801: 7795: 7773: 7767: 7766: 7748: 7739: 7738: 7720: 7709: 7708: 7690: 7684: 7683: 7681: 7679: 7646: 7640: 7639: 7637: 7635: 7612: 7593: 7592: 7590: 7588: 7579:. Archived from 7568: 7562: 7561: 7543: 7537: 7536: 7518: 7509: 7508: 7487: 7478: 7477: 7467: 7458: 7457: 7439: 7433: 7432: 7414: 7403: 7402: 7386: 7376: 7360: 7325: 7319: 7316: 7275: 7273: 7267: 7262: 7256: 7254: 7248: 7246: 7240: 7238: 7232: 7230: 7224: 7222: 7216: 7214: 7208: 7206: 7084: 7082: 7076: 7074: 7068: 7066: 7060: 7058: 7052: 7050: 7044: 7042: 7036: 7034: 7028: 7026: 7020: 7018: 7012: 7010: 6908: 6906: 6900: 6898: 6892: 6887: 6881: 6879: 6873: 6871: 6832: 6830: 6824: 6822: 6816: 6814: 6808: 6806: 6800: 6798: 6545:Islamic republic 6519:support for the 6517:Imperial Iranian 6501:Arab nationalism 6338: 6331: 6327: 6324: 6318: 6287: 6279: 6219:Chinese conflict 6137:Islamic republic 6045: 6007:, including the 5936:Byzantine Empire 5831: 5822: 5754:Thirty Years War 5721:Seven Years' War 5489:Teutonic Knights 5454:A battle of the 5426:Muslim expansion 5325:Gregory of Tours 5319: 5278: 5261:Maccabean Revolt 5257:Rabbinic Judaism 5249:Fifth Sacred War 5235:Third Sacred War 5221:First Sacred War 5209:Temple of Apollo 5128: 5125: 5107: 5100: 5045:Zionist movement 5041:Rabbinic Judaism 5033: 5016:Maccabean Revolt 5008:Reuven Firestone 4937: 4920: 4841:Mongol invasions 4839:, but after the 4821:Muslim conquests 4696:(a "holy war"). 4653:Byzantine Empire 4637:Muslim Conquests 4433:Charles Phillips 4338: 4332: 4321:Seven Years' War 4285:Jacobite risings 4156:Syrian civil war 4121:war and conflict 4093:Battle of Hattin 4057: 4050: 4043: 3980:Social privilege 3965:Social exclusion 3893:Police brutality 3814:Multiculturalism 3784:Amatonormativity 3599:Social exclusion 3435:Age of candidacy 3231:Homeless dumping 3137:Ethnic cleansing 2082: 2059: 2058: 2049: 2042: 2035: 1804:Humanitarian aid 1742:Security dilemma 1563:Power projection 1346:Economy of force 1326:Chain of command 1041:Defence in depth 1026:Commerce raiding 844:Defeat in detail 180:Defense ministry 84: 75: 74: 65: 53: 52: 21: 14034: 14033: 14029: 14028: 14027: 14025: 14024: 14023: 14014:Warfare by type 13994: 13993: 13992: 13987: 13959: 13834:Polyculturalism 13730:Civil liberties 13698: 13679:Reappropriation 13580:Countermeasures 13575: 13504:Racial steering 13470:Numerus clausus 13374: 13368: 13093:Ethnic conflict 13028:Corrective rape 12979: 12619: 12574:minority Muslim 12461: 12353:HIV/AIDS stigma 12221: 12170:Mental disorder 12108: 12077: 12072: 12042: 12037: 12027: 12021: 11957:Yazidi genocide 11863:Revival Process 11799:Thích Quảng Đức 11787:Buddhist crisis 11781:Istanbul pogrom 11649:1970–1987 11644:1958–1964 11639:1928–1941 11634:1921–1928 11629:1917–1921 11514:Goa Inquisition 11448:Battle of Tours 11438:(c.550–c. 1200) 11432:(c. 324–c. 491) 11412: 11313:Ethnic violence 11308:Ethnic conflict 11256: 11255: 11254: 11209:minority Muslim 11096: 11087: 11035: 11022: 11020: 11008: 11006:Further reading 10987: 10921: 10897: 10895: 10891: 10848: 10804: 10744: 10742: 10732:10.2307/3817797 10704: 10702: 10700: 10682: 10677: 10661: 10657: 10645: 10632: 10628: 10627: 10623: 10613: 10611: 10602: 10601: 10597: 10583: 10581: 10573:Country Studies 10566: 10565: 10561: 10546:10.2307/3712489 10526: 10522: 10510: 10509: 10500: 10499: 10487: 10483: 10469: 10467: 10465: 10444: 10440: 10435: 10431: 10424: 10408: 10404: 10397: 10381: 10377: 10367: 10365: 10351: 10347: 10340: 10324: 10313: 10303: 10301: 10291: 10276: 10266: 10264: 10262: 10236: 10225: 10215: 10213: 10211: 10195: 10191: 10175: 10174: 10167: 10165: 10155: 10151: 10141: 10139: 10137: 10121: 10117: 10107: 10105: 10103: 10087: 10083: 10073: 10071: 10058: 10054: 10044: 10042: 10029: 10025: 10020: 10016: 10006: 10004: 9991: 9990: 9986: 9982:Maclear, p. 63. 9981: 9977: 9972: 9968: 9958: 9956: 9943: 9942: 9938: 9933: 9929: 9924:Wayback Machine 9916: 9912: 9902: 9900: 9885: 9881: 9871: 9869: 9860: 9859: 9855: 9845: 9843: 9833: 9829: 9822: 9802: 9798: 9793:Wayback Machine 9785: 9781: 9771: 9769: 9760: 9759: 9755: 9747: 9743: 9728:Foreign Affairs 9720: 9716: 9701: 9697: 9690: 9674: 9670: 9653:Carter, Jimmy. 9652: 9648: 9638: 9636: 9629: 9611: 9607: 9597: 9595: 9591: 9584: 9580: 9579: 9575: 9568: 9554: 9550: 9533:Wayback Machine 9518:Wayback Machine 9508: 9504: 9497: 9472: 9468: 9458: 9456: 9455:on 2 April 2019 9443: 9442: 9438: 9428: 9426: 9425:. 22 April 2016 9423:Financial Times 9415: 9414: 9410: 9400: 9398: 9391:Huffington Post 9383: 9379: 9356: 9352: 9342: 9340: 9338: 9322: 9313: 9303: 9301: 9292: 9288: 9278: 9276: 9267: 9266: 9262: 9253: 9249: 9240: 9236: 9228: 9224: 9216: 9212: 9204: 9197: 9189: 9182: 9172: 9170: 9157: 9153: 9147:Wayback Machine 9134:. John Entick, 9132:Wayback Machine 9118: 9114: 9109: 9105: 9098: 9082: 9067: 9062: 9058: 9050: 9046: 9038: 9034: 9026: 9022: 9014: 9010: 9002: 8998: 8989: 8985: 8973: 8969: 8961: 8954: 8945: 8941: 8933: 8929: 8921: 8917: 8910: 8894: 8890: 8882: 8873: 8868: 8864: 8856: 8852: 8844: 8840: 8830: 8828: 8826: 8810: 8806: 8796: 8794: 8792: 8776: 8772: 8762: 8760: 8758: 8742: 8735: 8725: 8723: 8721: 8705: 8698: 8688: 8686: 8684: 8664: 8660: 8653: 8637: 8633: 8623: 8621: 8619: 8601: 8594: 8584: 8582: 8580: 8564: 8557: 8547: 8545: 8541: 8535:Luther Seminary 8520: 8514: 8510: 8500: 8498: 8494: 8487: 8481: 8477: 8472: 8468: 8460: 8451: 8438: 8434: 8423: 8419: 8412: 8394: 8390: 8380: 8378: 8376: 8360: 8353: 8342: 8338: 8328: 8326: 8317: 8316: 8312: 8300: 8296: 8286: 8284: 8269: 8265: 8255: 8253: 8244:Levine, David. 8242: 8235: 8225: 8223: 8216: 8198: 8187: 8177: 8175: 8173: 8157: 8150: 8137: 8133: 8124: 8120: 8111: 8107: 8102: 8098: 8088: 8086: 8079:Huffington Post 8071: 8067: 8060: 8046: 8042: 8035: 8021: 8017: 8000: 7996: 7986: 7984: 7969: 7962: 7954: 7947: 7938: 7931: 7923:Neil McMullin. 7922: 7918: 7897: 7896: 7889: 7887: 7883: 7879: 7874: 7870: 7854: 7850: 7843: 7829: 7822: 7810: 7802: 7798: 7788:Solomon Zeitlin 7786:, p. 3, citing 7784:Wayback Machine 7774: 7770: 7763: 7749: 7742: 7735: 7721: 7712: 7705: 7691: 7687: 7677: 7675: 7673: 7647: 7643: 7633: 7631: 7629: 7613: 7596: 7586: 7584: 7569: 7565: 7558: 7544: 7540: 7533: 7519: 7512: 7502: 7488: 7481: 7468: 7461: 7454: 7440: 7436: 7429: 7415: 7406: 7399: 7377: 7373: 7369: 7364: 7363: 7326: 7322: 7317: 7308: 7303: 7286: 7280: 7278: 7271: 7270: 7260: 7259: 7252: 7251: 7244: 7243: 7236: 7235: 7228: 7227: 7220: 7219: 7212: 7211: 7204: 7203: 7199: 7198: 7196: 7095: 7089: 7087: 7080: 7079: 7072: 7071: 7064: 7063: 7056: 7055: 7048: 7047: 7040: 7039: 7032: 7031: 7024: 7023: 7016: 7015: 7008: 7007: 7003: 7002: 7000: 6919: 6913: 6911: 6904: 6903: 6896: 6895: 6885: 6884: 6877: 6876: 6869: 6868: 6864: 6863: 6861: 6843: 6837: 6835: 6828: 6827: 6820: 6819: 6812: 6811: 6804: 6803: 6796: 6795: 6791: 6790: 6788: 6752: 6751: 6749: 6732: 6731: 6729: 6712: 6707: 6687: 6621: 6615: 6471: 6418:, an exodus of 6349: 6339: 6328: 6322: 6319: 6304: 6288: 6277: 6221: 6186: 6155: 6149: 6141:Muslim majority 6094:Divide and Rule 6078: 5969:State of Israel 5964:ethnic conflict 5948: 5890: 5885: 5836: 5829: 5827: 5820: 5804: 5777:Parliamentarian 5713: 5707: 5702: 5678: 5623: 5617: 5607:to convene the 5562: 5556: 5481:Knights Templar 5448: 5442: 5402: 5396: 5321: 5303: 5295: 5290: 5193:Greek antiquity 5189: 5184: 5183: 5152: 5144: 5139: 5129: 5123: 5120: 5113:needs expansion 5098: 5047:, particularly 4989: 4983: 4977: 4971: 4938: 4930: 4915: 4868:Islamic empires 4817: 4815:Ghazi (warrior) 4799: 4752:epic literature 4730: 4724:Hindu terrorism 4708: 4702: 4662:expansion into 4628:Milites Christi 4592: 4570: 4546:Hans M. Barstad 4516: 4506:Ancient warfare 4502: 4486:Assyrian empire 4466: 4406: 4396: 4287:(including the 4256: 4246: 4229:Philip Benedict 4207: 4197:Just war theory 4193: 4105:war of religion 4089:Guy of Lusignan 4061: 4032: 4031: 4030: 4029: 4028: 3903:Polyculturalism 3799:Civil liberties 3771: 3763: 3762: 3761: 3760: 3759: 3740:Reappropriation 3640: 3639:Countermeasures 3632: 3631: 3630: 3629: 3628: 3557:Racial steering 3523:Numerus clausus 3427: 3419: 3418: 3417: 3416: 3415: 3142:Ethnic conflict 3077:Corrective rape 3032: 3024: 3023: 3022: 3021: 3020: 2667: 2656: 2655: 2654: 2653: 2652: 2607:minority Muslim 2500: 2490: 2489: 2488: 2487: 2486: 2378:HIV/AIDS stigma 2250: 2242: 2241: 2240: 2239: 2238: 2187:Mental disorder 2129: 2121: 2120: 2119: 2118: 2117: 2090: 2053: 2024: 2023: 1974: 1964: 1963: 1929: 1921: 1920: 1861: 1851: 1850: 1824:Multilateralism 1809:Law enforcement 1769: 1759: 1758: 1727:Just war theory 1685: 1675: 1674: 1625:Geneva Protocol 1595: 1585: 1584: 1558: 1548: 1547: 1489: 1479: 1478: 1386: 1376: 1375: 1316: 1306: 1305: 1271: 1261: 1260: 1191:Network-centric 1111: 1101: 1100: 1003: 993: 992: 941: 931: 930: 879:Rapid dominance 784: 774: 773: 729:Electromagnetic 638: 628: 627: 614: 567: 515: 491: 481: 480: 476:Combat training 457: 434: 400:Combat systems: 396: 358: 354:Auxiliary ships 320: 280: 276:Military police 242: 165: 155: 154: 94: 68: 67: 66: 61: 51: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 14032: 14022: 14021: 14016: 14011: 14006: 13989: 13988: 13986: 13985: 13975: 13964: 13961: 13960: 13958: 13957: 13952: 13951: 13950: 13940: 13935: 13930: 13929: 13928: 13923: 13918: 13908: 13903: 13898: 13893: 13888: 13883: 13882: 13881: 13879:Reverse racism 13871: 13866: 13861: 13856: 13851: 13849:Prisoner abuse 13846: 13841: 13839:Power distance 13836: 13831: 13826: 13821: 13816: 13811: 13806: 13805: 13804: 13794: 13789: 13784: 13779: 13774: 13769: 13764: 13759: 13757:Ethnic penalty 13754: 13753: 13752: 13750:Neurodiversity 13747: 13737: 13735:Dehumanization 13732: 13727: 13725:Cisnormativity 13722: 13717: 13712: 13706: 13704: 13703:Related topics 13700: 13699: 13697: 13696: 13691: 13686: 13681: 13676: 13671: 13666: 13661: 13656: 13651: 13646: 13641: 13636: 13631: 13626: 13625: 13624: 13614: 13609: 13604: 13599: 13594: 13589: 13583: 13581: 13577: 13576: 13574: 13573: 13568: 13563: 13561:State religion 13558: 13553: 13548: 13543: 13542: 13541: 13536: 13531: 13526: 13516: 13511: 13506: 13501: 13500: 13499: 13497:Nuremberg Laws 13494: 13484: 13479: 13474: 13466: 13461: 13456: 13451: 13446: 13441: 13439:Ghetto benches 13436: 13434:Gerrymandering 13431: 13426: 13421: 13419:Gender pay gap 13416: 13415: 13414: 13409: 13399: 13394: 13389: 13384: 13378: 13376: 13373:Discriminatory 13370: 13369: 13367: 13366: 13361: 13356: 13351: 13346: 13341: 13336: 13331: 13326: 13321: 13316: 13311: 13306: 13301: 13296: 13291: 13286: 13281: 13276: 13271: 13266: 13261: 13256: 13251: 13250: 13249: 13244: 13239: 13229: 13224: 13219: 13214: 13209: 13204: 13202:Lavender scare 13199: 13197:Kill Haole Day 13194: 13192:Indian rolling 13189: 13184: 13179: 13174: 13169: 13168: 13167: 13157: 13152: 13151: 13150: 13140: 13135: 13130: 13125: 13120: 13115: 13110: 13105: 13100: 13095: 13090: 13085: 13080: 13078:Eliminationism 13075: 13070: 13065: 13060: 13055: 13050: 13045: 13040: 13035: 13030: 13025: 13020: 13015: 13013:Cancel culture 13010: 13005: 13000: 12999: 12998: 12987: 12985: 12984:Manifestations 12981: 12980: 12978: 12977: 12972: 12967: 12962: 12957: 12952: 12947: 12942: 12937: 12932: 12927: 12922: 12917: 12912: 12907: 12902: 12897: 12892: 12887: 12882: 12880:Middle Eastern 12877: 12872: 12867: 12862: 12857: 12852: 12847: 12846: 12845: 12835: 12830: 12825: 12820: 12819: 12818: 12813: 12808: 12800: 12795: 12790: 12785: 12780: 12775: 12770: 12765: 12760: 12755: 12750: 12745: 12740: 12735: 12730: 12725: 12720: 12715: 12714: 12713: 12708: 12703: 12693: 12688: 12683: 12682: 12681: 12676: 12671: 12661: 12656: 12651: 12646: 12641: 12636: 12630: 12628: 12621: 12620: 12618: 12617: 12615:Zoroastrianism 12612: 12607: 12602: 12597: 12592: 12591: 12590: 12580: 12579: 12578: 12577: 12576: 12571: 12566: 12561: 12556: 12541: 12540: 12539: 12537:Untouchability 12534: 12524: 12519: 12518: 12517: 12512: 12507: 12502: 12497: 12487: 12482: 12477: 12471: 12469: 12463: 12462: 12460: 12459: 12454: 12449: 12448: 12447: 12442: 12437: 12427: 12426: 12425: 12420: 12410: 12405: 12400: 12395: 12390: 12385: 12380: 12375: 12370: 12365: 12363:Leprosy stigma 12360: 12355: 12350: 12345: 12340: 12335: 12330: 12325: 12320: 12315: 12310: 12305: 12300: 12295: 12290: 12285: 12280: 12275: 12270: 12265: 12260: 12255: 12250: 12245: 12240: 12235: 12229: 12227: 12223: 12222: 12220: 12219: 12214: 12209: 12204: 12199: 12194: 12189: 12188: 12187: 12182: 12172: 12167: 12162: 12157: 12152: 12147: 12142: 12137: 12132: 12127: 12122: 12116: 12114: 12110: 12109: 12107: 12106: 12101: 12096: 12091: 12085: 12083: 12079: 12078: 12075:Discrimination 12071: 12070: 12063: 12056: 12048: 12039: 12038: 12026: 12023: 12022: 12020: 12019: 12013: 12008: 12002: 11996: 11990: 11984: 11983:(2016–ongoing) 11978: 11977:(2014–ongoing) 11972: 11966: 11965:(2014–ongoing) 11960: 11954: 11948: 11942: 11941:(2009–ongoing) 11936: 11935:(2004–ongoing) 11930: 11924: 11918: 11912: 11906: 11905: 11904: 11898: 11892: 11880: 11874: 11873: 11872: 11860: 11854: 11848: 11842: 11841:(1971–ongoing) 11836: 11830: 11829: 11828: 11822: 11810: 11809: 11808: 11802: 11796: 11784: 11778: 11777:(1953–ongoing) 11772: 11766: 11765:(1950–ongoing) 11760: 11759:(1949–ongoing) 11754: 11748: 11742: 11741:(1947–ongoing) 11736: 11735:(1947–ongoing) 11730: 11729:(1947–ongoing) 11724: 11718: 11712: 11706: 11703:Noakhali riots 11700: 11694: 11688: 11682: 11676: 11670: 11664: 11658: 11657: 11656: 11651: 11646: 11641: 11636: 11631: 11620: 11614: 11608: 11602: 11601: 11600: 11592:Greek genocide 11589: 11583: 11580:Adana massacre 11577: 11571: 11565: 11559: 11553: 11547: 11541: 11535: 11529: 11523: 11517: 11511: 11505: 11499: 11493: 11487: 11481: 11475: 11469: 11463: 11457: 11451: 11445: 11444:(c.184–c. 205) 11439: 11433: 11427: 11420: 11418: 11414: 11413: 11411: 11410: 11405: 11400: 11395: 11393:State religion 11390: 11385: 11380: 11375: 11370: 11365: 11360: 11355: 11350: 11345: 11340: 11335: 11330: 11325: 11320: 11315: 11310: 11305: 11300: 11298:Discrimination 11295: 11290: 11285: 11280: 11275: 11270: 11264: 11262: 11258: 11257: 11253: 11252: 11250:Zoroastrianism 11247: 11242: 11237: 11232: 11227: 11226: 11225: 11215: 11214: 11213: 11212: 11211: 11206: 11201: 11196: 11191: 11176: 11175: 11174: 11172:Untouchability 11169: 11159: 11154: 11153: 11152: 11147: 11142: 11137: 11132: 11122: 11117: 11112: 11106: 11105: 11104: 11102: 11098: 11097: 11094:discrimination 11086: 11085: 11078: 11071: 11063: 11057: 11056: 11051: 11046: 11041: 11034: 11033:External links 11031: 11030: 11029: 11007: 11004: 11003: 11002: 10991: 10986:978-0313337345 10985: 10970: 10955: 10940: 10925: 10919: 10904: 10882: 10881:(2013 reprint) 10869:Kirby, Dianne 10867: 10852: 10846: 10831: 10816: 10802: 10781: 10766: 10751: 10711: 10698: 10681: 10678: 10676: 10675: 10655: 10621: 10595: 10559: 10520: 10511:|journal= 10481: 10463: 10438: 10429: 10422: 10402: 10395: 10375: 10345: 10338: 10311: 10274: 10260: 10223: 10209: 10189: 10149: 10135: 10115: 10101: 10081: 10052: 10023: 10014: 9984: 9975: 9966: 9936: 9927: 9910: 9879: 9853: 9827: 9820: 9796: 9779: 9753: 9741: 9714: 9695: 9688: 9668: 9646: 9627: 9605: 9573: 9566: 9548: 9502: 9495: 9466: 9436: 9408: 9377: 9350: 9336: 9311: 9286: 9260: 9247: 9234: 9232:, p. 201. 9222: 9210: 9195: 9193:, p. 175. 9180: 9151: 9112: 9103: 9097:978-0736920070 9096: 9065: 9056: 9044: 9032: 9030:, p. 429. 9020: 9008: 8996: 8983: 8967: 8965:, p. 314. 8952: 8939: 8927: 8925:, p. 126. 8915: 8908: 8888: 8871: 8862: 8860:, p. 127. 8850: 8847:s.v. "Delphi". 8838: 8824: 8804: 8790: 8770: 8756: 8733: 8719: 8696: 8682: 8676:. p. 76. 8658: 8651: 8631: 8617: 8592: 8578: 8555: 8508: 8475: 8466: 8462:Firestone 2012 8449: 8432: 8417: 8410: 8388: 8374: 8351: 8336: 8325:on 9 July 2008 8310: 8294: 8263: 8233: 8214: 8202:"Introduction" 8185: 8171: 8148: 8131: 8127:Greek Religion 8118: 8105: 8096: 8065: 8059:978-1933771366 8058: 8040: 8034:978-1592578542 8033: 8015: 7994: 7960: 7958:, p. 308. 7945: 7929: 7916: 7876:Kuroda, Toshio 7868: 7848: 7842:978-0226412344 7841: 7820: 7796: 7768: 7762:978-0300154160 7761: 7740: 7734:978-0226184487 7733: 7710: 7703: 7685: 7671: 7641: 7627: 7594: 7563: 7556: 7538: 7531: 7510: 7500: 7479: 7459: 7452: 7434: 7427: 7404: 7397: 7370: 7368: 7365: 7362: 7361: 7320: 7305: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7298: 7297: 7292: 7285: 7282: 7277: 7276: 7268: 7257: 7249: 7241: 7233: 7225: 7217: 7209: 7200: 7097: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7086: 7085: 7077: 7069: 7061: 7053: 7045: 7037: 7029: 7021: 7013: 7004: 6921: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6910: 6909: 6901: 6893: 6882: 6874: 6865: 6845: 6844: 6842: 6839: 6834: 6833: 6825: 6817: 6809: 6801: 6792: 6754: 6753: 6734: 6733: 6714: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6706: 6703: 6695:ethnoreligious 6686: 6683: 6614: 6611: 6583:Battle of Badr 6563:Anfal campaign 6537:launch the war 6497:Ba'athist Iraq 6493:Saddam Hussein 6470: 6467: 6400:Ottoman Empire 6341: 6340: 6323:September 2019 6291: 6289: 6282: 6276: 6273: 6220: 6217: 6185: 6182: 6174:2010 Jos riots 6148: 6145: 6133:Hindu majority 6129:secular nation 6077: 6074: 5947: 5944: 5924:Romantic ideas 5898:Ottoman Empire 5889: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5850:Adal Sultanate 5828: 5825:Adal Sultanate 5819: 5803: 5800: 5709:Main article: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5677: 5674: 5670:Prince Shotoku 5666:Emperor Kinmei 5616: 5613: 5555: 5552: 5444:Main article: 5441: 5438: 5434:Ottoman Empire 5398:Main article: 5395: 5392: 5296: 5294: 5291: 5289: 5286: 5253: 5252: 5245: 5238: 5231: 5224: 5188: 5185: 5153: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5131: 5130: 5110: 5108: 5097: 5094: 5066:, such as the 4973:Main article: 4970: 4967: 4947:Battle of Badr 4928: 4853:Ottoman Empire 4798: 4795: 4704:Main article: 4701: 4698: 4569: 4566: 4501: 4498: 4465: 4462: 4427:In their 1997 4395: 4392: 4245: 4242: 4192: 4189: 4168:fundamentalism 4117:sanctum bellum 4063: 4062: 4060: 4059: 4052: 4045: 4037: 4034: 4033: 4027: 4026: 4021: 4020: 4019: 4009: 4004: 3999: 3998: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3977: 3972: 3967: 3962: 3957: 3952: 3951: 3950: 3948:Reverse racism 3940: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3918:Prisoner abuse 3915: 3910: 3908:Power distance 3905: 3900: 3895: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3874: 3873: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3838: 3833: 3828: 3826:Ethnic penalty 3823: 3822: 3821: 3819:Neurodiversity 3816: 3806: 3804:Dehumanization 3801: 3796: 3794:Cisnormativity 3791: 3786: 3781: 3775: 3774: 3773: 3772: 3770:Related topics 3769: 3768: 3765: 3764: 3758: 3757: 3752: 3747: 3742: 3737: 3732: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3686: 3685: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3644: 3643: 3642: 3641: 3638: 3637: 3634: 3633: 3627: 3626: 3621: 3616: 3614:State religion 3611: 3606: 3601: 3596: 3595: 3594: 3589: 3584: 3579: 3569: 3564: 3559: 3554: 3553: 3552: 3550:Nuremberg Laws 3547: 3537: 3532: 3527: 3519: 3514: 3509: 3504: 3499: 3494: 3492:Ghetto benches 3489: 3487:Gerrymandering 3484: 3479: 3474: 3472:Gender pay gap 3469: 3468: 3467: 3462: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3431: 3430: 3429: 3428: 3425: 3424: 3421: 3420: 3414: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3388: 3383: 3378: 3373: 3368: 3363: 3358: 3353: 3350: 3345: 3340: 3335: 3330: 3325: 3320: 3315: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3299: 3298: 3293: 3288: 3278: 3273: 3268: 3263: 3258: 3253: 3251:Lavender scare 3248: 3246:Kill Haole Day 3243: 3241:Indian rolling 3238: 3233: 3228: 3223: 3218: 3217: 3216: 3206: 3201: 3200: 3199: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3149: 3144: 3139: 3134: 3129: 3127:Eliminationism 3124: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3079: 3074: 3069: 3064: 3062:Cancel culture 3059: 3054: 3049: 3048: 3047: 3036: 3035: 3034: 3033: 3031:Manifestations 3030: 3029: 3026: 3025: 3019: 3018: 3013: 3008: 3003: 2998: 2993: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2933: 2928: 2923: 2921:Middle Eastern 2918: 2913: 2908: 2903: 2898: 2893: 2888: 2887: 2886: 2876: 2871: 2866: 2861: 2860: 2859: 2854: 2849: 2841: 2836: 2831: 2826: 2821: 2816: 2811: 2806: 2801: 2796: 2791: 2786: 2781: 2776: 2771: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2755: 2754: 2749: 2744: 2734: 2729: 2724: 2723: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2702: 2697: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2671: 2670: 2669: 2668: 2662: 2661: 2658: 2657: 2651: 2650: 2648:Zoroastrianism 2645: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2625: 2624: 2623: 2613: 2612: 2611: 2610: 2609: 2604: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2574: 2573: 2572: 2570:Untouchability 2567: 2557: 2552: 2551: 2550: 2545: 2540: 2535: 2530: 2520: 2515: 2510: 2504: 2503: 2502: 2501: 2496: 2495: 2492: 2491: 2485: 2484: 2479: 2474: 2473: 2472: 2467: 2462: 2452: 2451: 2450: 2445: 2435: 2430: 2425: 2420: 2415: 2410: 2405: 2400: 2395: 2390: 2388:Leprosy stigma 2385: 2380: 2375: 2370: 2365: 2360: 2355: 2350: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2330: 2325: 2320: 2315: 2310: 2305: 2300: 2295: 2290: 2285: 2280: 2275: 2270: 2265: 2260: 2254: 2253: 2252: 2251: 2248: 2247: 2244: 2243: 2237: 2236: 2231: 2226: 2221: 2216: 2211: 2206: 2205: 2204: 2199: 2189: 2184: 2179: 2174: 2169: 2164: 2159: 2154: 2149: 2144: 2139: 2133: 2132: 2131: 2130: 2127: 2126: 2123: 2122: 2116: 2115: 2110: 2105: 2100: 2094: 2093: 2092: 2091: 2088: 2087: 2084: 2083: 2075: 2074: 2072:Discrimination 2068: 2067: 2055: 2054: 2052: 2051: 2044: 2037: 2029: 2026: 2025: 2022: 2021: 2016: 2011: 2006: 2001: 1996: 1991: 1989:Military terms 1986: 1981: 1975: 1970: 1969: 1966: 1965: 1962: 1961: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1930: 1927: 1926: 1923: 1922: 1919: 1918: 1913: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1893: 1888: 1883: 1878: 1873: 1868: 1862: 1857: 1856: 1853: 1852: 1849: 1848: 1843: 1842: 1841: 1836: 1826: 1821: 1816: 1811: 1806: 1801: 1796: 1791: 1786: 1781: 1776: 1770: 1765: 1764: 1761: 1760: 1757: 1756: 1751: 1750: 1749: 1747:Tripwire force 1739: 1734: 1729: 1724: 1717: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1692: 1686: 1681: 1680: 1677: 1676: 1673: 1672: 1667: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1627: 1622: 1617: 1612: 1607: 1602: 1596: 1591: 1590: 1587: 1586: 1583: 1582: 1581: 1580: 1570: 1565: 1559: 1554: 1553: 1550: 1549: 1546: 1545: 1544: 1543: 1538: 1533: 1523: 1518: 1517: 1516: 1511: 1501: 1496: 1490: 1485: 1484: 1481: 1480: 1477: 1476: 1467: 1462: 1461: 1460: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1430: 1425: 1420: 1415: 1410: 1405: 1400: 1399: 1398: 1387: 1382: 1381: 1378: 1377: 1374: 1373: 1368: 1363: 1358: 1353: 1348: 1343: 1338: 1333: 1328: 1323: 1317: 1312: 1311: 1308: 1307: 1304: 1303: 1298: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1278: 1272: 1269:Administrative 1267: 1266: 1263: 1262: 1259: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1223: 1218: 1213: 1208: 1203: 1198: 1196:New generation 1193: 1188: 1183: 1178: 1173: 1171:Fleet in being 1168: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1148: 1143: 1138: 1133: 1128: 1123: 1118: 1112: 1109:Grand strategy 1107: 1106: 1103: 1102: 1099: 1098: 1096:Scorched earth 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1013: 1004: 999: 998: 995: 994: 991: 990: 985: 980: 975: 970: 968:Deep operation 965: 960: 953: 948: 942: 937: 936: 933: 932: 929: 928: 923: 918: 913: 908: 903: 898: 897: 896: 886: 881: 876: 871: 866: 861: 856: 851: 846: 841: 836: 831: 826: 821: 816: 815: 814: 809: 804: 794: 785: 780: 779: 776: 775: 772: 771: 769:Unconventional 766: 761: 756: 751: 746: 741: 736: 731: 726: 717: 715:Disinformation 712: 707: 702: 697: 692: 687: 686: 685: 680: 670: 665: 660: 655: 650: 645: 639: 634: 633: 630: 629: 626: 625: 620: 613: 612: 611: 610: 609: 608: 598: 593: 588: 583: 578: 566: 565: 564: 563: 562: 561: 551: 546: 541: 536: 531: 526: 514: 513: 512: 511: 506: 501: 492: 487: 486: 483: 482: 479: 478: 473: 468: 466:Basic training 463: 456: 455: 450: 445: 440: 433: 432: 427: 422: 417: 412: 407: 402: 395: 394: 392:Reconnaissance 389: 384: 379: 374: 369: 364: 357: 356: 351: 346: 341: 336: 331: 326: 319: 318: 313: 311:Special forces 308: 303: 302: 301: 291: 286: 279: 278: 273: 268: 266:Reconnaissance 263: 258: 253: 248: 241: 240: 231: 226: 217: 212: 207: 202: 197: 192: 187: 182: 177: 172: 166: 161: 160: 157: 156: 153: 152: 151: 150: 145: 135: 134: 133: 128: 118: 117: 116: 109:Post-classical 106: 101: 95: 90: 89: 86: 85: 77: 76: 58: 57: 26: 18:Religious wars 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14031: 14020: 14017: 14015: 14012: 14010: 14007: 14005: 14002: 14001: 13999: 13984: 13976: 13974: 13966: 13965: 13962: 13956: 13953: 13949: 13946: 13945: 13944: 13941: 13939: 13936: 13934: 13933:Social stigma 13931: 13927: 13924: 13922: 13919: 13917: 13914: 13913: 13912: 13909: 13907: 13904: 13902: 13899: 13897: 13894: 13892: 13889: 13887: 13884: 13880: 13877: 13876: 13875: 13872: 13870: 13867: 13865: 13862: 13860: 13857: 13855: 13852: 13850: 13847: 13845: 13842: 13840: 13837: 13835: 13832: 13830: 13827: 13825: 13822: 13820: 13817: 13815: 13812: 13810: 13807: 13803: 13800: 13799: 13798: 13795: 13793: 13790: 13788: 13785: 13783: 13780: 13778: 13775: 13773: 13770: 13768: 13765: 13763: 13760: 13758: 13755: 13751: 13748: 13746: 13743: 13742: 13741: 13738: 13736: 13733: 13731: 13728: 13726: 13723: 13721: 13718: 13716: 13713: 13711: 13708: 13707: 13705: 13701: 13695: 13692: 13690: 13687: 13685: 13682: 13680: 13677: 13675: 13672: 13670: 13667: 13665: 13662: 13660: 13657: 13655: 13652: 13650: 13647: 13645: 13642: 13640: 13637: 13635: 13632: 13630: 13627: 13623: 13620: 13619: 13618: 13615: 13613: 13610: 13608: 13605: 13603: 13600: 13598: 13595: 13593: 13590: 13588: 13585: 13584: 13582: 13578: 13572: 13569: 13567: 13564: 13562: 13559: 13557: 13556:State atheism 13554: 13552: 13549: 13547: 13544: 13540: 13537: 13535: 13532: 13530: 13527: 13525: 13522: 13521: 13520: 13517: 13515: 13512: 13510: 13507: 13505: 13502: 13498: 13495: 13493: 13492:Jim Crow laws 13490: 13489: 13488: 13485: 13483: 13480: 13478: 13477:One-drop rule 13475: 13473: 13471: 13467: 13465: 13462: 13460: 13457: 13455: 13452: 13450: 13447: 13445: 13442: 13440: 13437: 13435: 13432: 13430: 13427: 13425: 13422: 13420: 13417: 13413: 13410: 13408: 13405: 13404: 13403: 13400: 13398: 13395: 13393: 13392:Blood quantum 13390: 13388: 13385: 13383: 13380: 13379: 13377: 13371: 13365: 13362: 13360: 13357: 13355: 13352: 13350: 13347: 13345: 13342: 13340: 13339:Victimisation 13337: 13335: 13334:Trans bashing 13332: 13330: 13327: 13325: 13322: 13320: 13317: 13315: 13312: 13310: 13307: 13305: 13304:Religious war 13302: 13300: 13297: 13295: 13292: 13290: 13287: 13285: 13284:Racialization 13282: 13280: 13277: 13275: 13272: 13270: 13267: 13265: 13262: 13260: 13257: 13255: 13252: 13248: 13245: 13243: 13240: 13238: 13235: 13234: 13233: 13230: 13228: 13225: 13223: 13220: 13218: 13215: 13213: 13210: 13208: 13205: 13203: 13200: 13198: 13195: 13193: 13190: 13188: 13185: 13183: 13180: 13178: 13175: 13173: 13170: 13166: 13163: 13162: 13161: 13158: 13156: 13155:Glass ceiling 13153: 13149: 13146: 13145: 13144: 13141: 13139: 13136: 13134: 13131: 13129: 13126: 13124: 13121: 13119: 13116: 13114: 13111: 13109: 13106: 13104: 13101: 13099: 13098:Ethnic hatred 13096: 13094: 13091: 13089: 13086: 13084: 13081: 13079: 13076: 13074: 13071: 13069: 13066: 13064: 13061: 13059: 13056: 13054: 13051: 13049: 13046: 13044: 13041: 13039: 13036: 13034: 13033:Counter-jihad 13031: 13029: 13026: 13024: 13021: 13019: 13016: 13014: 13011: 13009: 13006: 13004: 13001: 12997: 12994: 12993: 12992: 12989: 12988: 12986: 12982: 12976: 12973: 12971: 12968: 12966: 12963: 12961: 12958: 12956: 12953: 12951: 12948: 12946: 12943: 12941: 12938: 12936: 12933: 12931: 12928: 12926: 12923: 12921: 12918: 12916: 12913: 12911: 12908: 12906: 12903: 12901: 12898: 12896: 12893: 12891: 12888: 12886: 12883: 12881: 12878: 12876: 12873: 12871: 12868: 12866: 12863: 12861: 12858: 12856: 12853: 12851: 12848: 12844: 12841: 12840: 12839: 12836: 12834: 12831: 12829: 12826: 12824: 12821: 12817: 12816:United States 12814: 12812: 12809: 12807: 12804: 12803: 12801: 12799: 12796: 12794: 12791: 12789: 12786: 12784: 12781: 12779: 12776: 12774: 12771: 12769: 12766: 12764: 12761: 12759: 12756: 12754: 12751: 12749: 12746: 12744: 12741: 12739: 12736: 12734: 12731: 12729: 12726: 12724: 12721: 12719: 12716: 12712: 12709: 12707: 12704: 12702: 12699: 12698: 12697: 12694: 12692: 12689: 12687: 12684: 12680: 12679:United States 12677: 12675: 12672: 12670: 12667: 12666: 12665: 12662: 12660: 12657: 12655: 12652: 12650: 12647: 12645: 12642: 12640: 12637: 12635: 12632: 12631: 12629: 12627: 12622: 12616: 12613: 12611: 12608: 12606: 12603: 12601: 12600:Protestantism 12598: 12596: 12593: 12589: 12586: 12585: 12584: 12581: 12575: 12572: 12570: 12567: 12565: 12562: 12560: 12557: 12555: 12552: 12551: 12550: 12547: 12546: 12545: 12542: 12538: 12535: 12533: 12530: 12529: 12528: 12525: 12523: 12520: 12516: 12513: 12511: 12510:LDS or Mormon 12508: 12506: 12503: 12501: 12498: 12496: 12493: 12492: 12491: 12488: 12486: 12483: 12481: 12478: 12476: 12473: 12472: 12470: 12468: 12464: 12458: 12455: 12453: 12450: 12446: 12443: 12441: 12440:Transmisogyny 12438: 12436: 12433: 12432: 12431: 12428: 12424: 12421: 12419: 12416: 12415: 12414: 12411: 12409: 12406: 12404: 12401: 12399: 12396: 12394: 12391: 12389: 12386: 12384: 12381: 12379: 12376: 12374: 12371: 12369: 12366: 12364: 12361: 12359: 12356: 12354: 12351: 12349: 12346: 12344: 12343:Gerontophobia 12341: 12339: 12336: 12334: 12331: 12329: 12326: 12324: 12321: 12319: 12316: 12314: 12311: 12309: 12306: 12304: 12301: 12299: 12296: 12294: 12291: 12289: 12286: 12284: 12281: 12279: 12276: 12274: 12273:Anti-intersex 12271: 12269: 12266: 12264: 12261: 12259: 12256: 12254: 12251: 12249: 12248:Anti-albinism 12246: 12244: 12241: 12239: 12236: 12234: 12231: 12230: 12228: 12224: 12218: 12215: 12213: 12210: 12208: 12205: 12203: 12200: 12198: 12195: 12193: 12190: 12186: 12183: 12181: 12178: 12177: 12176: 12173: 12171: 12168: 12166: 12163: 12161: 12158: 12156: 12153: 12151: 12148: 12146: 12143: 12141: 12138: 12136: 12133: 12131: 12128: 12126: 12123: 12121: 12118: 12117: 12115: 12111: 12105: 12102: 12100: 12097: 12095: 12092: 12090: 12089:Institutional 12087: 12086: 12084: 12080: 12076: 12069: 12064: 12062: 12057: 12055: 12050: 12049: 12046: 12036: 12031: 12024: 12017: 12014: 12012: 12009: 12006: 12003: 12000: 11997: 11994: 11991: 11988: 11985: 11982: 11979: 11976: 11973: 11970: 11967: 11964: 11961: 11958: 11955: 11952: 11949: 11946: 11943: 11940: 11937: 11934: 11931: 11928: 11925: 11922: 11919: 11916: 11913: 11910: 11907: 11902: 11899: 11896: 11893: 11890: 11887: 11886: 11884: 11883:Yugoslav Wars 11881: 11878: 11875: 11870: 11869:Big Excursion 11867: 11866: 11864: 11861: 11858: 11855: 11852: 11849: 11846: 11843: 11840: 11837: 11834: 11831: 11826: 11823: 11820: 11817: 11816: 11814: 11811: 11806: 11803: 11800: 11797: 11794: 11791: 11790: 11788: 11785: 11782: 11779: 11776: 11773: 11770: 11767: 11764: 11761: 11758: 11755: 11752: 11749: 11746: 11743: 11740: 11737: 11734: 11731: 11728: 11725: 11722: 11719: 11716: 11713: 11710: 11707: 11704: 11701: 11698: 11695: 11692: 11689: 11686: 11683: 11680: 11679:The Holocaust 11677: 11674: 11671: 11668: 11665: 11662: 11659: 11655: 11652: 11650: 11647: 11645: 11642: 11640: 11637: 11635: 11632: 11630: 11627: 11626: 11624: 11621: 11618: 11615: 11612: 11609: 11606: 11603: 11599: 11596: 11595: 11593: 11590: 11587: 11584: 11581: 11578: 11575: 11574:Dungan Revolt 11572: 11569: 11566: 11563: 11560: 11557: 11554: 11551: 11548: 11545: 11542: 11539: 11536: 11533: 11530: 11527: 11524: 11521: 11518: 11515: 11512: 11509: 11506: 11503: 11500: 11497: 11494: 11491: 11488: 11485: 11482: 11479: 11476: 11473: 11470: 11467: 11464: 11461: 11458: 11455: 11452: 11449: 11446: 11443: 11440: 11437: 11434: 11431: 11428: 11425: 11422: 11421: 11419: 11415: 11409: 11406: 11404: 11401: 11399: 11396: 11394: 11391: 11389: 11388:State atheism 11386: 11384: 11381: 11379: 11376: 11374: 11371: 11369: 11366: 11364: 11361: 11359: 11356: 11354: 11351: 11349: 11346: 11344: 11341: 11339: 11336: 11334: 11331: 11329: 11326: 11324: 11321: 11319: 11316: 11314: 11311: 11309: 11306: 11304: 11301: 11299: 11296: 11294: 11291: 11289: 11286: 11284: 11283:Deprogramming 11281: 11279: 11276: 11274: 11271: 11269: 11266: 11265: 11263: 11259: 11251: 11248: 11246: 11243: 11241: 11238: 11236: 11235:Protestantism 11233: 11231: 11228: 11224: 11221: 11220: 11219: 11216: 11210: 11207: 11205: 11202: 11200: 11197: 11195: 11192: 11190: 11187: 11186: 11185: 11182: 11181: 11180: 11177: 11173: 11170: 11168: 11165: 11164: 11163: 11160: 11158: 11155: 11151: 11148: 11146: 11145:LDS or Mormon 11143: 11141: 11138: 11136: 11133: 11131: 11128: 11127: 11126: 11123: 11121: 11118: 11116: 11113: 11111: 11108: 11107: 11103: 11099: 11095: 11091: 11084: 11079: 11077: 11072: 11070: 11065: 11064: 11061: 11055: 11052: 11050: 11047: 11045: 11042: 11040: 11037: 11036: 11019: 11015: 11010: 11009: 11000: 10996: 10992: 10988: 10982: 10978: 10977: 10971: 10968: 10967:9781476603919 10964: 10961:, McFarland, 10960: 10956: 10953: 10952:9783525310540 10949: 10945: 10941: 10938: 10937:9780807862124 10934: 10930: 10926: 10922: 10916: 10912: 10911: 10905: 10890: 10889: 10883: 10880: 10879:9781137339430 10876: 10872: 10868: 10865: 10864:9780271042145 10861: 10857: 10853: 10849: 10847:9780521399296 10843: 10839: 10838: 10832: 10829: 10828:9780199755035 10825: 10821: 10817: 10813: 10809: 10805: 10803:9780199860302 10799: 10795: 10791: 10787: 10782: 10779: 10778:9781401305581 10775: 10771: 10767: 10764: 10763:9780062097101 10760: 10756: 10752: 10741: 10737: 10733: 10729: 10725: 10721: 10717: 10712: 10701: 10699:9781134598472 10695: 10691: 10690: 10684: 10683: 10672: 10668: 10664: 10659: 10652: 10644: 10640: 10639: 10631: 10625: 10609: 10605: 10599: 10592: 10579: 10575: 10574: 10569: 10563: 10555: 10551: 10547: 10543: 10539: 10535: 10531: 10524: 10516: 10504: 10496: 10492: 10485: 10478: 10466: 10464:9780857897152 10460: 10456: 10452: 10448: 10442: 10433: 10425: 10419: 10415: 10414: 10406: 10398: 10392: 10388: 10387: 10379: 10364: 10363:PBS Frontline 10360: 10356: 10349: 10341: 10335: 10331: 10330: 10322: 10320: 10318: 10316: 10300: 10296: 10289: 10287: 10285: 10283: 10281: 10279: 10263: 10257: 10253: 10249: 10245: 10241: 10234: 10232: 10230: 10228: 10212: 10210:0-7146-4921-X 10206: 10202: 10201: 10193: 10185: 10179: 10163: 10159: 10153: 10138: 10136:0-7656-1318-2 10132: 10128: 10127: 10119: 10104: 10102:0-7656-1318-2 10098: 10094: 10093: 10085: 10069: 10065: 10064: 10056: 10040: 10036: 10035: 10027: 10018: 10002: 9998: 9994: 9988: 9979: 9970: 9954: 9950: 9946: 9940: 9931: 9925: 9921: 9918: 9914: 9898: 9894: 9890: 9883: 9867: 9863: 9857: 9842: 9838: 9831: 9823: 9817: 9813: 9809: 9808: 9800: 9794: 9790: 9787: 9783: 9767: 9763: 9757: 9750: 9745: 9737: 9733: 9729: 9725: 9718: 9710: 9706: 9699: 9691: 9689:9780300126969 9685: 9681: 9680: 9672: 9666: 9665:0-7432-8502-6 9662: 9658: 9657: 9650: 9634: 9630: 9624: 9620: 9616: 9609: 9590: 9587:. Unrwa.org. 9583: 9577: 9569: 9567:0-946690-42-1 9563: 9559: 9552: 9546: 9542: 9538: 9534: 9530: 9527: 9523: 9519: 9515: 9512: 9509:Stern, Yoav. 9506: 9498: 9496:0-8050-4848-0 9492: 9488: 9483: 9482: 9476: 9470: 9454: 9450: 9446: 9440: 9424: 9419: 9412: 9396: 9392: 9388: 9381: 9373: 9369: 9365: 9361: 9354: 9339: 9337:9780521456784 9333: 9329: 9328: 9320: 9318: 9316: 9299: 9298: 9290: 9274: 9270: 9264: 9257: 9251: 9244: 9238: 9231: 9226: 9219: 9214: 9207: 9202: 9200: 9192: 9187: 9185: 9168: 9167: 9162: 9155: 9148: 9144: 9141: 9137: 9133: 9129: 9126: 9122: 9116: 9107: 9099: 9093: 9089: 9088: 9080: 9078: 9076: 9074: 9072: 9070: 9060: 9053: 9048: 9041: 9036: 9029: 9024: 9017: 9012: 9005: 9000: 8993: 8987: 8980: 8976: 8971: 8964: 8963:Bradbury 2004 8959: 8957: 8949: 8943: 8936: 8931: 8924: 8919: 8911: 8905: 8901: 8900: 8892: 8886:, p. 21. 8885: 8884:Bradbury 2004 8880: 8878: 8876: 8866: 8859: 8854: 8848: 8842: 8827: 8825:9781780762500 8821: 8817: 8816: 8808: 8793: 8791:9781783265596 8787: 8783: 8782: 8774: 8759: 8757:9781442236011 8753: 8749: 8748: 8740: 8738: 8722: 8720:9788132105381 8716: 8712: 8711: 8703: 8701: 8685: 8683:9780199756551 8679: 8675: 8671: 8670: 8662: 8654: 8648: 8644: 8643: 8635: 8620: 8618:9780664238827 8614: 8610: 8606: 8599: 8597: 8581: 8579:9781585583003 8575: 8571: 8570: 8562: 8560: 8540: 8536: 8532: 8528: 8527: 8519: 8512: 8493: 8486: 8479: 8470: 8463: 8458: 8456: 8454: 8446: 8442: 8436: 8428: 8421: 8413: 8407: 8403: 8399: 8392: 8377: 8375:9781107017368 8371: 8367: 8366: 8358: 8356: 8347: 8344:Kaushik Roy. 8340: 8324: 8320: 8314: 8307: 8303: 8298: 8282: 8278: 8274: 8267: 8251: 8247: 8240: 8238: 8221: 8217: 8211: 8207: 8203: 8196: 8194: 8192: 8190: 8174: 8172:9783161498091 8168: 8164: 8163: 8155: 8153: 8145: 8141: 8135: 8128: 8122: 8115: 8109: 8100: 8084: 8080: 8076: 8069: 8061: 8055: 8051: 8044: 8036: 8030: 8026: 8019: 8012: 8008: 8004: 7998: 7982: 7978: 7974: 7967: 7965: 7957: 7952: 7950: 7942: 7936: 7934: 7926: 7920: 7914:23.3-4 (1996) 7913: 7907: 7901: 7882: 7877: 7872: 7864: 7863: 7858: 7852: 7844: 7838: 7834: 7827: 7825: 7817: 7809: 7808: 7800: 7793: 7789: 7785: 7781: 7778: 7772: 7764: 7758: 7754: 7747: 7745: 7736: 7730: 7726: 7719: 7717: 7715: 7706: 7704:9780470673508 7700: 7696: 7689: 7674: 7668: 7664: 7660: 7656: 7652: 7645: 7630: 7628:9781409480211 7624: 7620: 7619: 7611: 7609: 7607: 7605: 7603: 7601: 7599: 7582: 7578: 7574: 7567: 7559: 7553: 7549: 7542: 7534: 7528: 7524: 7517: 7515: 7507: 7503: 7501:9781118953426 7497: 7493: 7486: 7484: 7475: 7474: 7466: 7464: 7455: 7453:9780470673508 7449: 7445: 7438: 7430: 7424: 7420: 7413: 7411: 7409: 7400: 7398:9780830834662 7394: 7390: 7385: 7384: 7375: 7371: 7358: 7354: 7350: 7349:BCMS language 7346: 7342: 7338: 7334: 7330: 7324: 7315: 7313: 7311: 7306: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7287: 7281: 7269: 7266: 7258: 7250: 7242: 7234: 7226: 7218: 7210: 7202: 7201: 7190: 7090: 7078: 7070: 7062: 7054: 7046: 7038: 7030: 7022: 7014: 7006: 7005: 6994: 6914: 6902: 6894: 6891: 6883: 6875: 6867: 6866: 6838: 6826: 6818: 6810: 6802: 6794: 6793: 6702: 6700: 6696: 6692: 6682: 6680: 6676: 6672: 6668: 6664: 6660: 6656: 6652: 6651: 6646: 6642: 6638: 6634: 6630: 6626: 6620: 6613:Yugoslav Wars 6610: 6608: 6607: 6602: 6598: 6597: 6592: 6588: 6584: 6580: 6576: 6572: 6569:, the eighth 6568: 6564: 6560: 6558: 6553: 6548: 6546: 6542: 6538: 6534: 6530: 6526: 6522: 6518: 6514: 6510: 6506: 6502: 6498: 6494: 6490: 6489: 6484: 6480: 6479:revolutionary 6476: 6475:Iran–Iraq War 6469:Iran–Iraq War 6466: 6464: 6463:Shafik Wazzan 6460: 6455: 6453: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6436: 6432: 6427: 6425: 6421: 6417: 6414:. During the 6413: 6409: 6405: 6401: 6396: 6394: 6390: 6389:Shiite Muslim 6386: 6382: 6378: 6374: 6370: 6366: 6362: 6353: 6348: 6337: 6334: 6326: 6316: 6312: 6308: 6302: 6301: 6297: 6292:This section 6290: 6286: 6281: 6280: 6272: 6270: 6266: 6262: 6256: 6254: 6250: 6246: 6241: 6239: 6234: 6230: 6226: 6216: 6214: 6209: 6207: 6203: 6202:South Vietnam 6199: 6195: 6194:South Vietnam 6191: 6190:Ngo Dinh Diem 6181: 6179: 6175: 6170: 6168: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6144: 6142: 6138: 6134: 6130: 6126: 6122: 6118: 6114: 6110: 6105: 6103: 6099: 6095: 6091: 6087: 6083: 6073: 6071: 6066: 6063: 6059: 6056:, during the 6055: 6052: 6049: 6041: 6037: 6033: 6029: 6025: 6021: 6016: 6014: 6010: 6006: 6002: 5998: 5997:Negev Bedouin 5994: 5990: 5989:Israeli Arabs 5986: 5982: 5978: 5974: 5970: 5965: 5961: 5952: 5943: 5941: 5937: 5933: 5932:Filiki Eteria 5929: 5925: 5921: 5917: 5913: 5908: 5907:Felicia Skene 5903: 5899: 5895: 5883:Modern period 5880: 5878: 5874: 5870: 5866: 5862: 5858: 5855: 5851: 5847: 5843: 5835: 5826: 5818:'s expansion 5817: 5813: 5808: 5799: 5797: 5795: 5790: 5786: 5782: 5778: 5774: 5770: 5765: 5763: 5762:Protestantism 5759: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5743: 5739: 5735: 5730: 5728: 5727: 5722: 5718: 5712: 5697: 5695: 5691: 5687: 5683: 5673: 5671: 5667: 5663: 5659: 5655: 5651: 5650:Nakatomi clan 5647: 5646:Mononobe clan 5643: 5639: 5635: 5631: 5627: 5622: 5612: 5610: 5606: 5603: 5599: 5595: 5591: 5590:Winkler Prins 5587: 5583: 5579: 5575: 5571: 5567: 5561: 5551: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5508: 5506: 5502: 5498: 5494: 5490: 5486: 5482: 5477: 5476: 5471: 5465: 5464: 5459: 5458: 5452: 5447: 5437: 5435: 5431: 5430:bellum sacrum 5427: 5422: 5420: 5419: 5414: 5413: 5412:Winkler Prins 5407: 5401: 5391: 5389: 5388:hagiographers 5385: 5381: 5377: 5373: 5369: 5365: 5361: 5357: 5353: 5349: 5345: 5341: 5336: 5334: 5330: 5326: 5323:According to 5320: 5317: 5316: 5311: 5307: 5300: 5285: 5283: 5282: 5274: 5270: 5266: 5262: 5258: 5251:(281–280 BCE) 5250: 5246: 5244:(339–338 BCE) 5243: 5239: 5237:(356–346 BCE) 5236: 5232: 5230:(449–448 BCE) 5229: 5225: 5223:(595–585 BCE) 5222: 5218: 5217: 5216: 5214: 5210: 5206: 5202: 5198: 5194: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5150: 5138: 5127: 5118: 5114: 5111:This section 5109: 5106: 5102: 5101: 5093: 5091: 5090:voluntary war 5087: 5086:mandatory war 5082: 5079: 5077: 5073: 5069: 5065: 5059: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5037: 5029: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5002: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4982: 4976: 4966: 4964: 4960: 4956: 4952: 4948: 4944: 4936: 4933: 4932:Surah Al-Hajj 4927: 4922: 4919: 4913: 4909: 4904: 4902: 4901: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4879: 4875: 4871: 4869: 4865: 4860: 4858: 4857:modern period 4854: 4850: 4849:Mughal Empire 4846: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4804: 4794: 4792: 4791:bellum justum 4788: 4787:jus ad bellum 4784: 4779: 4776: 4772: 4767: 4765: 4764: 4759: 4758: 4753: 4749: 4745: 4741: 4737: 4736: 4735:Dharma-yuddha 4729: 4725: 4721: 4717: 4713: 4707: 4706:Dharma-yuddha 4697: 4695: 4694:bellum sacrum 4691: 4690: 4689:bellum iustum 4685: 4684:Pope Urban II 4681: 4677: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4658: 4654: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4617: 4616:bellum iustum 4613: 4609: 4608:bellum sacrum 4601: 4596: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4565: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4550:ancient Greek 4547: 4543: 4541: 4537: 4533: 4529: 4525: 4521: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4497: 4495: 4491: 4490:imperial cult 4487: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4461: 4459: 4455: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4444: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4425: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4414:Kalevi Holsti 4412:According to 4410: 4405: 4401: 4391: 4387: 4384: 4380: 4375: 4373: 4369: 4365: 4361: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4346: 4340: 4337: 4331: 4324: 4322: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4305: 4300: 4299:"religious". 4296: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4255: 4251: 4240: 4236: 4234: 4233:bellum sacrum 4230: 4225: 4223: 4222:bellum iustum 4217: 4215: 4211: 4210:Konrad Repgen 4206: 4202: 4198: 4188: 4186: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4173: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4144: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4129:modern period 4126: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4101:religious war 4094: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4076: 4071: 4067: 4058: 4053: 4051: 4046: 4044: 4039: 4038: 4036: 4035: 4025: 4022: 4018: 4015: 4014: 4013: 4010: 4008: 4005: 4003: 4002:Social stigma 4000: 3996: 3993: 3991: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3982: 3981: 3978: 3976: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3966: 3963: 3961: 3958: 3956: 3953: 3949: 3946: 3945: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3916: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3872: 3869: 3868: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3824: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3811: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3777: 3776: 3767: 3766: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3738: 3736: 3733: 3731: 3728: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3684: 3681: 3680: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3649: 3646: 3645: 3636: 3635: 3625: 3622: 3620: 3617: 3615: 3612: 3610: 3609:State atheism 3607: 3605: 3602: 3600: 3597: 3593: 3590: 3588: 3585: 3583: 3580: 3578: 3575: 3574: 3573: 3570: 3568: 3565: 3563: 3560: 3558: 3555: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3545:Jim Crow laws 3543: 3542: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3530:One-drop rule 3528: 3526: 3524: 3520: 3518: 3515: 3513: 3510: 3508: 3505: 3503: 3500: 3498: 3495: 3493: 3490: 3488: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3478: 3475: 3473: 3470: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3457: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3445:Blood quantum 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3432: 3423: 3422: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3387: 3386:Victimisation 3384: 3382: 3381:Trans bashing 3379: 3377: 3374: 3372: 3369: 3367: 3364: 3362: 3359: 3357: 3354: 3352:Religious war 3351: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3341: 3339: 3336: 3334: 3333:Racialization 3331: 3329: 3326: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3284: 3283: 3282: 3279: 3277: 3274: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3264: 3262: 3259: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3215: 3212: 3211: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3204:Glass ceiling 3202: 3198: 3195: 3194: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3153: 3150: 3148: 3147:Ethnic hatred 3145: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3135: 3133: 3130: 3128: 3125: 3123: 3120: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3082:Counter-jihad 3080: 3078: 3075: 3073: 3070: 3068: 3065: 3063: 3060: 3058: 3055: 3053: 3050: 3046: 3043: 3042: 3041: 3038: 3037: 3028: 3027: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2937: 2934: 2932: 2929: 2927: 2924: 2922: 2919: 2917: 2914: 2912: 2909: 2907: 2904: 2902: 2899: 2897: 2894: 2892: 2889: 2885: 2882: 2881: 2880: 2877: 2875: 2872: 2870: 2867: 2865: 2862: 2858: 2857:United States 2855: 2853: 2850: 2848: 2845: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2837: 2835: 2832: 2830: 2827: 2825: 2822: 2820: 2817: 2815: 2812: 2810: 2807: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2772: 2770: 2767: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2753: 2750: 2748: 2745: 2743: 2740: 2739: 2738: 2735: 2733: 2730: 2728: 2725: 2721: 2720:United States 2718: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2707: 2706: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2672: 2666: 2660: 2659: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2633:Protestantism 2631: 2629: 2626: 2622: 2619: 2618: 2617: 2614: 2608: 2605: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2593: 2590: 2588: 2585: 2584: 2583: 2580: 2579: 2578: 2575: 2571: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2562: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2549: 2546: 2544: 2543:LDS or Mormon 2541: 2539: 2536: 2534: 2531: 2529: 2526: 2525: 2524: 2521: 2519: 2516: 2514: 2511: 2509: 2506: 2505: 2499: 2494: 2493: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2471: 2468: 2466: 2465:Transmisogyny 2463: 2461: 2458: 2457: 2456: 2453: 2449: 2446: 2444: 2441: 2440: 2439: 2436: 2434: 2431: 2429: 2426: 2424: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2409: 2406: 2404: 2401: 2399: 2396: 2394: 2391: 2389: 2386: 2384: 2381: 2379: 2376: 2374: 2371: 2369: 2368:Gerontophobia 2366: 2364: 2361: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2334: 2331: 2329: 2326: 2324: 2321: 2319: 2316: 2314: 2311: 2309: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2299: 2298:Anti-intersex 2296: 2294: 2291: 2289: 2286: 2284: 2281: 2279: 2276: 2274: 2273:Anti-albinism 2271: 2269: 2266: 2264: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2255: 2246: 2245: 2235: 2232: 2230: 2227: 2225: 2222: 2220: 2217: 2215: 2212: 2210: 2207: 2203: 2200: 2198: 2195: 2194: 2193: 2190: 2188: 2185: 2183: 2180: 2178: 2175: 2173: 2170: 2168: 2165: 2163: 2160: 2158: 2155: 2153: 2150: 2148: 2145: 2143: 2140: 2138: 2135: 2134: 2125: 2124: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2106: 2104: 2101: 2099: 2098:Institutional 2096: 2095: 2086: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2060: 2050: 2045: 2043: 2038: 2036: 2031: 2030: 2028: 2027: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2002: 2000: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1976: 1973: 1968: 1967: 1960: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1931: 1925: 1924: 1917: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1907: 1904: 1902: 1899: 1897: 1894: 1892: 1889: 1887: 1884: 1882: 1879: 1877: 1876:Warrior caste 1874: 1872: 1869: 1867: 1864: 1863: 1860: 1855: 1854: 1847: 1846:Show of force 1844: 1840: 1837: 1835: 1834:Peacebuilding 1832: 1831: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1817: 1815: 1812: 1810: 1807: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1795: 1792: 1790: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1780: 1777: 1775: 1772: 1771: 1768: 1763: 1762: 1755: 1752: 1748: 1745: 1744: 1743: 1740: 1738: 1735: 1733: 1730: 1728: 1725: 1723: 1722: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1711: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1691: 1690:Air supremacy 1688: 1687: 1684: 1679: 1678: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1661: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1631: 1630:Islamic rules 1628: 1626: 1623: 1621: 1618: 1616: 1613: 1611: 1610:Court-martial 1608: 1606: 1603: 1601: 1598: 1597: 1594: 1589: 1588: 1579: 1576: 1575: 1574: 1571: 1569: 1566: 1564: 1561: 1560: 1557: 1552: 1551: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1534: 1532: 1529: 1528: 1527: 1524: 1522: 1519: 1515: 1512: 1510: 1509:Arms industry 1507: 1506: 1505: 1502: 1500: 1497: 1495: 1492: 1491: 1488: 1483: 1482: 1475: 1471: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1459: 1456: 1455: 1454: 1451: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1431: 1429: 1426: 1424: 1421: 1419: 1416: 1414: 1411: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1397: 1394: 1393: 1392: 1389: 1388: 1385: 1380: 1379: 1372: 1369: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1352: 1349: 1347: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1337: 1334: 1332: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1322: 1319: 1318: 1315: 1310: 1309: 1302: 1299: 1297: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1273: 1270: 1265: 1264: 1257: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1232: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1222: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1147: 1144: 1142: 1139: 1137: 1134: 1132: 1129: 1127: 1126:Broken-backed 1124: 1122: 1119: 1117: 1114: 1113: 1110: 1105: 1104: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1012: 1009: 1008: 1007: 1002: 997: 996: 989: 986: 984: 981: 979: 976: 974: 971: 969: 966: 964: 963:Expeditionary 961: 959: 958: 954: 952: 949: 947: 944: 943: 940: 935: 934: 927: 924: 922: 919: 917: 914: 912: 909: 907: 904: 902: 899: 895: 892: 891: 890: 887: 885: 882: 880: 877: 875: 872: 870: 867: 865: 862: 860: 857: 855: 852: 850: 847: 845: 842: 840: 837: 835: 834:Counterattack 832: 830: 827: 825: 822: 820: 817: 813: 810: 808: 805: 803: 800: 799: 798: 795: 793: 790: 789: 788: 783: 778: 777: 770: 767: 765: 762: 760: 759:Psychological 757: 755: 752: 750: 747: 745: 742: 740: 737: 735: 732: 730: 727: 725: 721: 718: 716: 713: 711: 708: 706: 703: 701: 698: 696: 695:Combined arms 693: 691: 688: 684: 681: 679: 676: 675: 674: 671: 669: 666: 664: 661: 659: 656: 654: 651: 649: 646: 644: 641: 640: 637: 632: 631: 624: 621: 619: 616: 615: 607: 604: 603: 602: 599: 597: 594: 592: 589: 587: 584: 582: 579: 577: 574: 573: 572: 569: 568: 560: 557: 556: 555: 552: 550: 547: 545: 542: 540: 537: 535: 534:Fortification 532: 530: 527: 525: 522: 521: 520: 517: 516: 510: 507: 505: 502: 500: 497: 496: 494: 493: 490: 485: 484: 477: 474: 472: 469: 467: 464: 462: 459: 458: 454: 451: 449: 446: 444: 441: 439: 436: 435: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 416: 413: 411: 408: 406: 403: 401: 398: 397: 393: 390: 388: 385: 383: 380: 378: 375: 373: 370: 368: 365: 363: 360: 359: 355: 352: 350: 349:Landing craft 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 335: 332: 330: 327: 325: 322: 321: 317: 314: 312: 309: 307: 304: 300: 297: 296: 295: 292: 290: 287: 285: 282: 281: 277: 274: 272: 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 252: 249: 247: 244: 243: 239: 235: 234:Standing army 232: 230: 227: 225: 221: 218: 216: 213: 211: 208: 206: 203: 201: 198: 196: 193: 191: 188: 186: 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 171: 168: 167: 164: 159: 158: 149: 146: 144: 141: 140: 139: 136: 132: 129: 127: 126:pike and shot 124: 123: 122: 119: 115: 112: 111: 110: 107: 105: 102: 100: 97: 96: 93: 88: 87: 83: 79: 78: 72: 64: 60: 59: 55: 54: 49: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 14009:Wars by type 13767:Gender-blind 13654:Human rights 13482:Racial quota 13469: 13449:Jewish quota 13429:Gerontocracy 13424:Gender roles 13402:Disabilities 13387:Blood purity 13359:Wife selling 13349:White flight 13329:Slut-shaming 13309:Scapegoating 13303: 13227:Murder music 12900:Palestinians 12843:Anti-Zionism 12711:South Africa 12696:Black people 12674:South Africa 12490:Christianity 12480:Baháʼí Faith 12408:Sectarianism 12348:Heterosexism 12313:Ephebiphobia 12283:Anti-Masonry 12150:Hair texture 11885:(1991–2001) 11865:(1984–1989) 11825:Famen Temple 11815:(1966–1976) 11625:(1922–1991) 11594:(1913–1922) 11407: 11125:Christianity 11115:Baháʼí Faith 11021:. Retrieved 11017: 10994: 10975: 10958: 10943: 10928: 10909: 10896:. Retrieved 10887: 10870: 10855: 10836: 10819: 10785: 10772:, Hyperion, 10769: 10754: 10743:. Retrieved 10723: 10719: 10703:. Retrieved 10688: 10680:Bibliography 10666: 10663:Tibi, Bassam 10658: 10649: 10643:the original 10636: 10624: 10612:. Retrieved 10598: 10589: 10582:. Retrieved 10571: 10562: 10533: 10529: 10523: 10494: 10490: 10484: 10475: 10468:. Retrieved 10454: 10441: 10432: 10412: 10405: 10385: 10378: 10366:. Retrieved 10358: 10348: 10328: 10302:. Retrieved 10298: 10265:. Retrieved 10243: 10214:. Retrieved 10199: 10192: 10166:. Retrieved 10152: 10140:. Retrieved 10125: 10118: 10106:. Retrieved 10091: 10084: 10072:. Retrieved 10062: 10055: 10043:. Retrieved 10033: 10026: 10017: 10005:. Retrieved 9987: 9978: 9969: 9957:. Retrieved 9953:the original 9939: 9930: 9913: 9901:. Retrieved 9892: 9882: 9870:. Retrieved 9856: 9844:. Retrieved 9840: 9830: 9806: 9799: 9782: 9770:. Retrieved 9756: 9744: 9736:the original 9731: 9727: 9717: 9708: 9698: 9677: 9671: 9654: 9649: 9637:. Retrieved 9618: 9608: 9596:. Retrieved 9576: 9557: 9551: 9536: 9521: 9505: 9480: 9469: 9457:. Retrieved 9453:the original 9448: 9439: 9427:. Retrieved 9422: 9411: 9399:. Retrieved 9390: 9380: 9363: 9353: 9341:. Retrieved 9326: 9302:. Retrieved 9296: 9289: 9277:. Retrieved 9272: 9263: 9255: 9250: 9242: 9237: 9230:Burgess 1998 9225: 9218:Burgess 1998 9213: 9206:Burgess 1998 9191:Burgess 1998 9171:. Retrieved 9164: 9154: 9135: 9120: 9115: 9106: 9086: 9059: 9051: 9047: 9039: 9035: 9023: 9011: 8999: 8991: 8986: 8978: 8970: 8947: 8942: 8934: 8930: 8923:Ullidtz 2014 8918: 8898: 8891: 8865: 8858:Ullidtz 2014 8853: 8846: 8841: 8831:15 September 8829:. Retrieved 8814: 8807: 8797:16 September 8795:. Retrieved 8780: 8773: 8763:16 September 8761:. Retrieved 8746: 8726:16 September 8724:. Retrieved 8709: 8689:16 September 8687:. Retrieved 8668: 8661: 8641: 8634: 8622:. Retrieved 8608: 8583:. Retrieved 8568: 8546:. Retrieved 8539:the original 8530: 8524: 8511: 8499:. Retrieved 8492:the original 8478: 8469: 8464:, p. 3. 8440: 8435: 8426: 8420: 8401: 8391: 8379:. Retrieved 8364: 8345: 8339: 8327:. Retrieved 8323:the original 8313: 8305: 8297: 8285:. Retrieved 8276: 8266: 8254:. Retrieved 8226:10 September 8224:. Retrieved 8205: 8176:. Retrieved 8161: 8134: 8126: 8121: 8113: 8108: 8099: 8087:. Retrieved 8078: 8068: 8049: 8043: 8024: 8018: 8002: 7997: 7985:. Retrieved 7976: 7940: 7924: 7919: 7911: 7888:. Retrieved 7871: 7861: 7851: 7832: 7814: 7806: 7799: 7791: 7771: 7752: 7724: 7694: 7688: 7676:. Retrieved 7654: 7651:"Succession" 7644: 7632:. Retrieved 7617: 7585:. Retrieved 7581:the original 7576: 7566: 7547: 7541: 7522: 7505: 7491: 7472: 7443: 7437: 7418: 7382: 7374: 7323: 7295:War of ideas 7279: 7107: 7088: 6978: 6912: 6836: 6688: 6648: 6625:Croatian War 6622: 6604: 6594: 6586: 6556: 6549: 6486: 6472: 6456: 6440: 6435:Vichy French 6428: 6408:polarization 6397: 6381:Sunni Muslim 6358: 6329: 6320: 6305:Please help 6293: 6257: 6242: 6222: 6210: 6187: 6171: 6167:Kaduna State 6165:in southern 6160: 6156: 6143:population. 6106: 6098:Allama Iqbal 6079: 6070:Benny Morris 6067: 6035: 6017: 6001:Wailing Wall 5957: 5891: 5839: 5793: 5773:John Morrill 5766: 5731: 5724: 5714: 5690:Quetzalcoatl 5686:Tezcatlipoca 5679: 5661: 5630:missionaries 5624: 5598:Hussite Wars 5597: 5593: 5589: 5566:Hussite Wars 5563: 5554:Hussite Wars 5515: 5509: 5473: 5470:Jim Bradbury 5468: 5461: 5455: 5429: 5423: 5416: 5410: 5403: 5356:Jim Bradbury 5346:against the 5337: 5322: 5313: 5302: 5298: 5279: 5254: 5190: 5179: 5121: 5117:adding to it 5112: 5083: 5080: 5061: 5057: 5053: 5034: 5006: 4997:James Tissot 4940: 4924: 4905: 4898: 4895:war in Islam 4883: 4861: 4818: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4780: 4769:Neither the 4768: 4761: 4755: 4754:such as the 4744:jus in bello 4743: 4733: 4731: 4693: 4687: 4626: 4620: 4615: 4607: 4605: 4568:Christianity 4558:Hebrew Bible 4544: 4517: 4470:henotheistic 4467: 4457: 4456: 4451: 4441: 4437:Alan Axelrod 4428: 4426: 4411: 4407: 4388: 4383:The Troubles 4376: 4364:study of law 4341: 4325: 4315: 4311: 4307: 4301: 4297: 4257: 4238: 4232: 4227: 4221: 4219: 4208: 4182: 4178: 4176: 4145: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4098: 4066: 3836:Gender-blind 3715:Human rights 3535:Racial quota 3522: 3502:Jewish quota 3482:Gerontocracy 3477:Gender roles 3455:Disabilities 3440:Blood purity 3406:Wife selling 3396:White flight 3376:Slut-shaming 3356:Scapegoating 3276:Murder music 2941:Palestinians 2884:Anti-Zionism 2752:South Africa 2737:Black people 2715:South Africa 2523:Christianity 2513:Baháʼí Faith 2433:Sectarianism 2373:Heterosexism 2338:Ephebiphobia 2308:Anti-Masonry 2167:Hair texture 1959:Fifth column 1939:War resister 1934:Women in war 1829:Peacekeeping 1774:Arms control 1719: 1408:Mobilization 1403:Conscription 1361:Intelligence 1314:Organization 1220: 955: 884:Encirclement 764:Radiological 700:Conventional 554:Subterranean 461:Development: 460: 437: 399: 361: 324:Naval units: 323: 316:Signal corps 283: 261:Intelligence 246:Specialties: 245: 170:Organization 121:Early modern 13669:Nonviolence 13664:LGBT rights 13629:Empowerment 13597:Anti-racism 13519:Segregation 13464:No kid zone 13264:Persecution 13177:Hate speech 13128:Gay bashing 13103:Ethnic joke 13058:Dog whistle 13003:Blood libel 12691:Azerbaijani 12595:Neopaganism 12588:Persecution 12549:Persecution 12532:Persecution 12495:Catholicism 12430:Transphobia 12413:Supremacism 12368:Lesbophobia 12288:Aporophobia 12253:Anti-autism 12104:Taste-based 12099:Statistical 11971:(2014–2017) 11959:(2014–2017) 11953:(2013–2016) 11891:(1992–1996) 11853:(1975–1979) 11847:(1975–1990) 11753:(1948–1980) 11699:(1945–1989) 11693:(1945–1989) 11687:(1941–1945) 11681:(1939–1945) 11669:(1936–1975) 11654:legislation 11619:(1917–1990) 11613:(1915–1923) 11607:(1914–1924) 11588:(1912–1913) 11576:(1862–1877) 11558:(1857–1858) 11552:(1789–1801) 11540:(1683–1922) 11534:(1673–1829) 11528:(1609–1614) 11522:(1562–1598) 11516:(1561–1812) 11510:(1526–1791) 11504:(1522–1712) 11498:(1500–1526) 11474:(1184–1908) 11472:Inquisition 11383:Segregation 11348:Intolerance 11288:Desecration 11230:Neopaganism 11223:Persecution 11184:Persecution 11167:Persecution 11130:Catholicism 11023:9 September 10606:. Pbs.org. 10540:: 349–350. 8089:12 February 7956:Holsti 1991 6890:Mormon wars 6699:South Sudan 6659:nationalist 6629:Bosnian War 6443:amnesty law 6431:Free French 6109:British Raj 6015:massacres. 6003:led to the 5977:Circassians 5940:Megali Idea 5920:philhellene 5902:nationalist 5873:Addis Ababa 5846:Abyssinians 5758:Catholicism 5738:Protestants 5516:Reconquista 5491:), or were 5475:Reconquista 5457:Reconquista 5440:Reconquista 5372:Merovingian 5344:Charlemagne 5288:Middle Ages 5277:מלחמת מצווה 5032:מלחמת מצווה 4845:Reconquista 4783:Mahabharata 4771:Mahabharata 4757:Mahabharata 4740:Hindu texts 4345:philologist 4302:Theologian 4293:Reformation 4277:Hessian War 4271:during the 4191:Definitions 4160:Afghanistan 3730:Nonviolence 3725:LGBT rights 3690:Empowerment 3658:Anti-racism 3572:Segregation 3517:No kid zone 3313:Persecution 3226:Hate speech 3177:Gay bashing 3152:Ethnic joke 3107:Dog whistle 3052:Blood libel 2732:Azerbaijani 2628:Neopaganism 2621:Persecution 2582:Persecution 2565:Persecution 2528:Catholicism 2455:Transphobia 2438:Supremacism 2393:Lesbophobia 2313:Aporophobia 2278:Anti-autism 2113:Taste-based 2108:Statistical 1944:War studies 1767:Non-warfare 1695:Appeasement 1660:Martial law 1499:War economy 1438:Transgender 1391:Recruitment 1151:Containment 1036:Culminating 1016:Anti-access 939:Operational 859:Envelopment 802:Air assault 683:Air cavalry 643:Air defence 623:Information 524:Cold-region 489:Battlespace 438:Historical: 284:Land units: 210:Space force 205:Coast guard 138:Late modern 99:Prehistoric 13998:Categories 13943:Stereotype 13938:Speciesism 13819:Oppression 13814:Oikophobia 13710:Allophilia 13694:Toleration 13551:Sodomy law 13444:Internment 13364:Witch-hunt 13242:Blackhawks 13172:Hate group 13160:Hate crime 13133:Gendercide 13123:Freak show 13113:Excellence 13073:Employment 13043:Defamation 12975:Vietnamese 12970:Venezuelan 12860:Lithuanian 12522:Falun Gong 12457:Xenophobia 12452:Vegaphobia 12435:Non-binary 12393:Pedophobia 12358:Homophobia 12180:Skin color 12140:Disability 12113:Attributes 12094:Structural 11468:(643–1526) 11343:Iconoclasm 11338:Hate crime 11268:Censorship 11157:Falun Gong 10584:10 January 10216:11 January 9895:. London. 9846:20 October 9772:20 October 9639:12 October 9598:20 October 9475:Segev, Tom 9366:(19): 24. 9028:Nolan 2006 9016:Nolan 2006 8672:. Oxford: 8329:20 October 8215:0812216563 7987:11 October 7532:0816028516 7367:References 7327:The term " 6675:euphemisms 6633:Yugoslavia 6617:See also: 6345:See also: 6151:See also: 5993:Samaritans 5916:Ian Morris 5340:Saxon Wars 5310:Saxon Wars 5180:dharamyudh 5168:Guru Arjan 5160:dharamyudh 5135:See also: 5124:March 2022 5001:Numbers 31 4985:See also: 4961:(630) and 4943:polytheist 4710:See also: 4664:Asia Minor 4510:Polytheism 4494:monotheism 4431:, authors 4398:See also: 4394:Prevalence 4348:Max Müller 4339:as "law". 4289:Williamite 4248:See also: 4195:See also: 4091:after the 4012:Stereotype 4007:Speciesism 3888:Oppression 3883:Oikophobia 3779:Allophilia 3755:Toleration 3604:Sodomy law 3497:Internment 3411:Witch-hunt 3291:Blackhawks 3221:Hate group 3209:Hate crime 3182:Gendercide 3172:Freak show 3162:Excellence 3122:Employment 3092:Defamation 3016:Vietnamese 3011:Venezuelan 2901:Lithuanian 2555:Falun Gong 2482:Xenophobia 2477:Vegaphobia 2460:Non-binary 2418:Pedophobia 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