Religious war - Knowledge

4292:(2009) argues that the very concept of "religion" is a modern Western concept that was invented recently in history. As such, he argues that the concept of "religious violence" or "religious wars" are incorrectly used to anachronistically label people and conflicts as participants in religious ideologies that never existed in the first place. The concept of "religion" as an abstraction which entails distinct sets of beliefs or doctrines is a recently invented concept in the English language since such usage began with texts from the 17th century due to the splitting of Christendom during the Protestant Reformation and more prevalent colonization or globalization in the age of exploration which involved contact with numerous foreign and indigenous cultures with non-European languages. It was in the 17th century that the concept of "religion" received its modern shape despite the fact that the Bible, the Quran, and other ancient sacred texts did not have a concept of religion in the original languages and neither did the people or the cultures in which these sacred texts were written. The modern word 71: 7300:Črnič & Lesjak (2003): "Religion played an important role in the wars, which took place in the early and mid 1990s, and shattered a large part of the Balkans (see Velikonja 2003). These were not religious wars in which Serbian Christian (Orthodox) troops would assume the role of the last bastian against the Muslim advance on the West, although this is how they were often interpreted in Western Europe and the USA. However, religion did often serve as the motivating and integrating factor for justifying military attacks that were actually nationalistic in nature. Thus, religion was merged with national identity. It was made to appear that all (real) Serbs had to be Orthodox, just as all Croatians had to be Catholics, and Bosnians had to be Muslims." 6140:

Muslims in the south. A military coup d'état led by lower and middle-ranking officers, some of them Igbo, overthrew the NPC-NCNC dominated government. Prime Minister Balewa along with other northern and western government officials were assassinated during the coup. The coup was considered an Igbo plot to overthrow the northern dominated government. A counter-coup was launched by mostly northern troops. Between June and July there was a mass exodus of Ibo from the north and west. Over 1.3 million Ibo fled the neighboring regions in order to escape persecution as anti-Ibo riots increased. The aftermath of the anti-Ibo riots led many to believe that security could only be gained by separating from the North.

5650:(r. 539–571) maintained Shinto as the royal religion, but allowed the Soga to erect a temple for the statue of Buddha. Afterwards, an epidemic broke out, which Shintoists attributed to the anger of the native gods to the intrusion of Buddhism; in reaction, some burnt down the Buddhist temple and threw the Buddha statue into a canal. However, the epidemic worsened, which Buddhists in turn interpreted as the anger of Buddha to the sacrilege committed against his temple and statue. Both during the 585 and 587 wars of succession, the opposing camps were drawn along the Shinto–Buddhist divide, and the Soga clan's victory resulted in the imposition of Buddhism as the Yamato court religion under the regency of 4577: 4974: 7995:. p.xxii. "Wars have always arisen, and arise today, from territorial disputes, military rivalries, conflicts of ethnicity, and strivings for commercial and economic advantage, and they have always depended on, and depend on today, pride, prejudice, coercion, envy, cupidity, competitiveness, and a sense of injustice. But for much of the world before the 17th century, these “reasons” for war were explained and justified, at least for the participants, by religion. Then, around the middle of the 17th century, Europeans began to conceive of war as a legitimate means of furthering the interests of individual sovereigns." 5638:. Although the political power each of the clans could wield over the royal family was also an important factor, and was arguably a strategic reason for the Soga to adopt and promote Buddhism as a means to increase their authority, the religious beliefs from both doctrines, as well as religious explanations from events that happened after the arrival of Buddhism, were also causes of the conflict that escalated to war. Whereas the Soga argued that Buddhism was a better religion because it had come from China and Korea, whose civilisations were widely regarded as superior and to be emulated in 4052: 6334: 4856: 5933: 5570:"began the conflict", while "fighting began after King Wenceslaus died, shortly after the defenestration" (that is, after 19 August 1419). Nolan described the wars' goals and character as follows: "The main aim of the Hussites was to prevent the hated Sigismund mounting the throne of Bohemia, but fighting between Bohemian Hussites and Catholics spread into Moravia. (...) cross-class support gave the Hussite Wars a tripartite and even 'national' character unusual for the age, and a religious and social unity of purpose, faith, and hate". 5789: 5769:, but tried to express and legitimise their opposition and rebellion in terms of a legal revolt against a monarch who had violated crucial constitutional principles and thus had to be overthrown. They even warned their Parliamentarian allies to not make overt use of religious arguments in making their case for war against the king. However, in some cases it may be argued that they hid their pro-Anglican and anti-Catholic motives behind legal parlance, for example by emphasising that the 5981:; the other party is sometimes presented as an ethnic group which is multi-religious (although most numerously consisting of Muslims, then Christians, then other religious groups up to and including Samaritans and even Jews). Yet despite the multi-religious composition of both of the parties in the conflict, elements on both sides often view it as a religious war between Jews and Muslims. In 1929, religious tensions between Muslim and Jewish Palestinians over the latter praying at the 5087: 5052:, to be a holy war, with Niditch (1995) asserting the presence of a "priestly ideology of war in Numbers 31". Hamilton (2005) argued that the two major concerns of Number 31 are the idea that war is a defiling activity, but Israelite soldiers need to be ritually pure, so they may only fight wars for a holy cause, and are required to cleanse themselves afterwards to restore their ritual purity. The Israelite campaign against Midian was blessed by the Israelite god 4132:, conflicts may not be rooted strictly in religion and instead may be a cover for the underlying secular power, ethnic, social, political, and economic reasons for conflict. Other scholars have argued that what is termed "religious wars" is a largely "Western dichotomy" and a modern invention from the past few centuries, arguing that all wars that are classed as "religious" have secular (economic or political) ramifications. In several conflicts including the 5060:' commandment to also kill the captive male children and non-virgin women was a marked departure from these regulations. He concluded: "Many aspects of this holy war text may be troublesome to a contemporary reader. But understood within the symbolic world of the ancient writers of Numbers, the story of the war against the Midianites is a kind of dress rehearsal that builds confidence and hope in anticipation of the actual conquest of Canaan that lay ahead." 13944: 5281:"Never was there a war more prolonged nor more cruel than this, nor one that required greater efforts on the part of the Frankish people. For the Saxons (...) are by nature fierce, devoted to the worship of demons and hostile to our religion, and they think it no dishonour to confound and transgress the laws of God and man. On both sides of the frontier murder, robbery, and arson were of constant occurrence, so the Franks declared open war against them." 5040:"Holy war" is a Western concept referring to war that is fought for religion, against adherents of other religions, often in order to promote religion through conversion, and with no specific geographic limitation. This concept does not occur in the Hebrew Bible, whose wars are not fought for religion or in order to promote it but, rather, in order to preserve religion and a religiously unique people in relation to a specific and limited geography. 12007: 6267: 6521:, an overview of the Iranian leaders' speeches and martyrs' statements reveals that religion significantly motivated people to take part in the war. (...) The Iranian leadership painted the war as a battle between believers and unbelievers, Muslims and infidels, and the true and the false." Iran cited religious reasons to justify continuing combat operations, for example in the face of Saddam's offer of peace in mid-1982, rejected by 2064: 4063: 5433: 4592:), whereby fighting itself might be considered a penitential and spiritually meritorious act. During the ninth and tenth centuries, multiple invasions occurred which led some regions to make their own armies to defend themselves and this slowly lead to the emergence of the Crusades, the concept of "holy war", and terminology such as "enemies of God" in the 11th century. In early Christianity, St. Augustine's concept of 13954: 5348:, an object sacred to the Saxons. Per Ullidtz (2014) stated that previous Frankish–Saxon conflicts spanning almost a century "had been mostly a border war", "but under Charles it changed character": because of "Charles' idea of unity, of a king over all German tribes, and of universal Christianity in all of his kingdom, it changed into a mission from heaven." Similarly, a successful 10020: 5780:: "Seen in this light, the defenses of Parliament's war, with their apparent legal-constitutional thrust, are not at all ways of saying that the struggle was not religious. On the contrary, they are ways of saying that it was." Burgess concluded: "he Civil War left behind it just the sort of evidence that we could reasonably expect a war of religion to leave." 4217:): "After all, it is perfectly acceptable to suggest that a worldly prince, say, a Lutheran prince in Reformation Germany, engages in religious warfare using mercenary armies." While a holy war needs to be authorised by a religious leader and fought by pious soldiers, a religious war does not, he reasoned. His definition of 'war of religion' thus became: 10573:

predominantly non-Muslim south ... Opposition to the sharia, especially to the application of hudud (sing., hadd), or Islamic penalties, such as the public amputation of hands for theft, was not confined to the south and had been a principal factor leading to the popular uprising of April 1985 that overthrew the government of Jaafar an Nimeiri

6591:(religiously permitted or legal). Randal (1998, 2019) argued that 'Al Anfal' was "a curious nod to Islam" by the Ba'athist government, because it had originally been known as a "militantly secular regime". Some commentators have concluded that the code name was meant to serve as "a religious justification" for the campaign against the Kurds. 5403:(2002) concluded: "The traditional explanation for the Crusades (a religious enthusiasm that found an outlet in a Holy War) has also retained its value in modern historical scholarship, keeping in mind the fact that it has been pointed out that a complex set of socio-economic and political factors allowed this enthusiasm to manifest itself." 5924:, a large Greek nation-state based on shared language rather than religion. Both of these grand objectives failed, but a smaller version of the latter goal was accepted by most members of the Eteria by 1823, and this goal was generally compatible with the motives of philhellenes who travelled to Greece to enter the war in 1821–1823. 4125:, the definition of 'religious war' (taking religious traditions on violence such as 'holy war' into account), and the applicability of religion to war as opposed to other possible factors. Answers to these questions heavily influence conclusions on how prevalent religious wars have been as opposed to other types of wars. 10014: 6833: 4240:

Some commentators have questioned the applicability of religion to war, in part because the word "religion" itself is difficult to define, particularly posing challenges when one tries to apply it to non-Western cultures. Secondly, it has been argued that religion is difficult to isolate as a factor,

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The factors that provoked the military coup, primarily the closely intertwined issues of Islamic law and of the civil war in the south, remained unresolved in 1991. The September 1983 implementation of the sharia throughout the country had been controversial and provoked widespread resistance in the

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In effect, the extremist Catholic and Orthodox forces were colluding in a bloody partition and cleansing of Bosnia–Herzegovina. They were, and still are, largely spared the public shame of this, because the world's media preferred the simplification of "Croat" and "Serb", and only mentioned religion

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In the English-speaking Western world, "Judaism" is often considered a "religion," but there are no equivalent words for "Judaism" or for "religion" in Hebrew; there are words for "faith," "law," or "custom" but not for "religion" if one thinks of the term as meaning solely the beliefs and practices

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Permission ˹to fight back˺ is ˹hereby˺ granted to those being fought, for they have been wronged. And Allah is truly Most Capable of helping them ˹prevail˺. ˹They are˺ those who have been expelled from their homes for no reason other than proclaiming: "Our Lord is Allah." Had Allah not repelled ˹the

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It was in the 19th century that the terms "Buddhism", "Hinduism", "Taoism", and "Confucianism" first emerged. Throughout its long history, Japan had no concept of "religion" since there was no corresponding Japanese word, nor anything close to its meaning, but when American warships appeared off the

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are a prime example of wars whose religious elements have been extensively debated for centuries, with some groups of people in some periods emphasising, restoring or overstating the religious aspects, and other groups of people in some periods denying, nuancing or downplaying the religious aspects

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which, in the ancient and medieval world, was understood as an individual virtue of worship, never as doctrine, practice, or actual source of knowledge. Cavanaugh argued that all wars that are classed as "religious" have secular (economic or political) ramifications. Similar opinions were expressed

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The war flared again in 1983 after then-President Jaafar Nimeri abrogated the peace accord and announced he would turn Sudan into a Muslim Arab state, where Islamic law, or sharia, would prevail, including in the southern provinces. Sharia can include amputation of limbs for theft, public flogging

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Tensions with Uyghurs and Hui arose because Qing and Republican Chinese authorities used Hui troops and officials to dominate the Uyghurs and crush Uyghur revolts. Xinjiang's Hui population increased by over 520 percent between 1940 and 1982, an average annual growth rate of 4.4 percent, while the

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remarked in 1877: "The Greek war of independence has never been called a religious war, and yet it had a better claim to that appellation than many a conflict which has been so named by the chroniclers of the past. It is a significant fact that the standard of revolt was raised by no mere patriot,

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terms: "The war we are waging against the Turks, far from being founded in demagoguery, seditiousness or the selfish interests of any one part of the Greek nation, is a national and holy war (...). It is from these principles of natural rights and desiring to assimilate ourselves with our European

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that preceded it. The exact number of refugees is a matter of dispute, though the number of Palestine refugees and their unsettled descendants registered with UNRWA is more than 4.3 million. The causes remain the subject of fundamental disagreement between Palestinians and Israelis. Both Jews and

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documented 1763 notable wars in world history, out of which 121 wars were in the "religious wars" category in the index. They note that before the 17th century, much of the "reasons" for conflicts were explained through the lens of religion and that after that time wars were explained through the

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In their 2015 review of violence and peacemaking in world religions, Irfan Omar and Michael Duffey stated: "This book does not ignore violence committed in the name of religion. Analyses of case studies of seeming religious violence often conclude that ethnic animosities strongly drive violence."

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in Northern Ireland, often portrayed as a religious conflict of a Catholic vs. a Protestant faction, while the more fundamental cause of the conflict was supposedly ethnic or nationalistic rather than religious in nature. Since the native Irish were mostly Catholic and the later British-sponsored

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John Morreall and Tamara Sonn (2013) have argued that since there is no consensus on definitions of "religion" among scholars and no way to isolate "religion" from the rest of the more likely motivational dimensions (social, political, and economic); it is incorrect to label any violent event as

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Inter-ethnic conflict in Nigeria has generally had a religious element. Riots against Igbo in 1953 and in the 1960s in the north were said to have been sparked by religious conflict. The riots against Igbo in the north in 1966 were said to have been inspired by radio reports of mistreatment of

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forces, left the country in 1946. The Christians assumed power over the country and its economy. A confessional Parliament was created in which Muslims and Christians were given quotas of seats. As well, the president was to be a Christian, the prime minister a Sunni Muslim and the speaker of

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lens of wars as a way to further sovereign interests. Some commentators have concluded that only 123 wars (7%) out of these 1763 wars were fundamentally originated by religious motivations. Andrew Holt (2018) traced the origin of the "only 123 religious wars" claim back to the 2008 book

5148:: ਧਰਮਯੁਧ) is a term which is variously translated as 'religious war', 'war of righteousness', 'war in defence of righteousness', or 'war for justice'. Though some core tenets in the Sikh religion are understood to emphasise peace and nonviolence, especially before the 1606 execution of 5056:, and could therefore be considered a holy war. Olson (2012), who believed the war narrative to be a fictional story with a theological purpose, noted that the Israelite soldiers' actions in Numbers 31 closely followed the holy war regulations set out in Deuteronomy 20:14, although 4538:: "Quite unlike what we find with the Greeks, holy war permeated ancient Israelite society." Moreover, ever since the pioneering study of Manfred Weippert, "»Heiliger Krieg« in Israel und Assyrien" (1972), scholars have been comparing the holy war concept in the (monotheistic) 9124: 4866:

While technically, the millennium of Muslim conquests could be classified as "religious war", the applicability of the term has been questioned. The reason is that the very notion of a "religious war" as opposed to a "secular war" is the result of the Western concept of the

4992:(2012) stated "that holy war is a common theme in the Hebrew Bible. Divinely legitimized through the authority of biblical scripture and its interpretation, holy war became a historical reality for the Jews of antiquity. Among at least some of the Jewish groups of the late 10459:

when discussing "the Muslims." But the triad of terms "Croat," "Serb," and "Muslim" is unequal and misleading, in that it equates two nationalities and one religion. (The same blunder is made in a different way in coverage of Iraq, with the "Sunni-Shia-Kurd" trilateral.)

5757:(1993) stating: "The English Civil War was not the first European revolution: it was the last of the Wars of Religion." This view has been criticised by various pre-, post- and anti-revisionist historians. Glen Burgess (1998) examined political propaganda written by the 6427:

that pardoned all political crimes prior to its enactment. The amnesty was not extended to crimes perpetrated against foreign diplomats or certain crimes referred by the cabinet to the Higher Judicial Council. In May 1991, the militias (with the important exception of

4198:') based merely on a motive that a belligerent may have had, does not necessarily make it one. Although ulterior motives may never be known, war proclamations do provide evidence for a belligerent's legitimisation of the war to the public. Repgen therefore concluded: 4908:

aggression of˺ some people by means of others, destruction would have surely claimed monasteries, churches, synagogues, and mosques in which Allah's Name is often mentioned. Allah will certainly help those who stand up for Him. Allah is truly All-Powerful, Almighty.

7157: 6842: 5317:, which was seen by Catholics as heretical. During his war with the Arian Visigoths, Clovis reportedly said: "I take it very hard that these Arians hold part of the Gauls. Let us go with God's help and conquer them and bring the land under our control." 4202:...wars should only be termed , in so far as at least one of the belligerents lays claim to 'religion', a religious law, in order to justify his warfare and to substantiate publicly why his use of military force against a political authority should be a 6663:" was frequently used. Some scholars have stated that they "were not religious wars", but acknowledged that "religion played an important role in the wars" and "did often serve as the motivating and integrating factor for justifying military attacks". 8120:"Here each company of youths sacrifices a puppy to Enyalius, holding that the most valiant of tame animals is an acceptable victim to the most valiant of the gods. I know of no other Greeks who are accustomed to sacrifice puppies except the people of 4308:

There is no precise equivalent of "religion" in Hebrew, and there is no clear definition of jewishness, it could be defined by religion, roots of national origin and ethnic. Jewishness could have been multi-racial. In the Quran, the Arabic word

4213:(2006) argued that Repgen's definition of 'religious war' was too narrow, because sometimes both legitimisation and motivation can be established. David Onnekink (2013) added that a 'religious war' is not necessarily the same as a 'holy war' ( 5562:. Nolan (2006) named religion as one of several significant causes, summarising the Hussites' motives as "doctrinal as well as 'nationalistic' and constitutional", and providing a series of issues that led to war: the trial and execution of 12970: 3026: 10106: 5460:

were not all equally motivated by religion, and that a distinction should be made between 'secular rulers' on the one hand, and on the other hand Christian military orders which came from elsewhere (including the three main orders of

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were religious conflicts. The Mahabharata was fought over the inheritance of the kingdom of Hastinapura. Ramayana was fought over the abduction of Rama's wife Sita by Ravana. The two epics are of great importance in Hindu tradition.

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The definition of 'religious war' and the applicability of religion to war have a strong influence on how many wars may be properly labelled 'religious wars', and thus how prevalent religious wars have been as opposed to other wars.

5878:(1821–1829) has sometimes been considered a religious war between Christians and Muslims, especially in its early phase. The Greek Declaration of Independence (issued on 15 January 1822) legitimised the armed rebellion against the 4402:' (co-religionists) was (one of) the primary cause(s) of 14% of all wars during 1648–1714, 11% during 1715–1814, 10% during 1815–1914, and 0% during 1918–1941 and 1945–1989. Additionally, he found 'ethnic/religious unification/ 4871:. No such division has ever existed in the Islamic world, and consequently, there cannot be a real division between wars that are "religious" from such that are "non-religious". Islam does not have any normative tradition of 6253:, and generally do not want to get involved in conflicts in other countries over Islam for fear of being perceived as radical. Hui and Uyghur live apart from each other, praying separately and attending different mosques. 5948:

between two parties where one party is most often portrayed as a singular ethno-religious group which only consists of the Jewish majority and ignores non-Jewish minority Israeli citizens who support the existence of a

4600:) was widely accepted, but warfare was not regarded as a virtuous activity and expressions of concern for the salvation of those who killed enemies in battle, regardless of the cause for which they fought, was common. 7085: 6968: 6919: 6766: 6408:, arrived in Lebanon. Palestinians came to play a very important role in future Lebanese civil conflicts, and the establishment of Israel radically changed the local environment in which Lebanon found itself. 7102: 7104: 4194:(1987) pointed out that belligerents may have multiple intentions to wage a war, may have had ulterior motives that historians can no longer discover, and therefore, calling something a 'religious war' (or ' 6217:

were also set off by racial antagonism and class warfare, rather than the mistaken assumption that it was all due to Islam that the rebellions broke out. During the Dungan revolt fighting broke out between

5489:). " were more committed to religious war than some of their secular counterparts, were opposed to treating with Muslims and carried out raids and even atrocities, such as decapitating Muslim prisoners." 4442:, edited by Gordon Martel, using the criteria that the armed conflict must involve some overt religious action, concludes that 6% of the wars listed in their encyclopedia can be labelled religious wars. 10471:

Bougarel, Xavier (2009). "Od "Muslimana" do "Bošnjaka": pitanje nacionalnog imena bosanskih muslimana" [From "Muslims" to "Bosniaks": the question of the national name of the Bosnian Muslims].

7761: 7103: 6950: 6949: 6054:, the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, from the Arab perspective, was "a war of religion as much as, if not more than, a nationalist war over territory." This assertion has been challenged by other scholars. 9426: 6241:

Uyghur population only grew by 1.7 percent. This dramatic increase in the Hui population led inevitably to significant tensions between the Hui and Uyghur Muslim populations. Some old Uyghurs in

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coast of Japan in 1853 and forced the Japanese government to sign treaties demanding, among other things, freedom of religion, the country had to contend with this Western idea. According to the

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attempted to help to prevent this outcome, but he was killed by al-Ghazi. However, both polities exhausted their resources and manpower in this conflict, allowing the northward migration of the

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conflict where the Muslim central government's pursuits to impose sharia law on non-Muslim southerners led to violence, and eventually to the civil war. The war resulted in the independence of

6754: 6742: 6074:. They complained that Muslim members did not have the same rights as Hindu members. A number of different scenarios were proposed at various times. This was fuelled by the British policy of " 10655:. p. 33. "The shari'a was imposed on non-Muslim Sudanese peoples in September 1983, and since that time Muslims in the north have been fighting a jihad against the non-Muslims in the south." 6744: 6178:, the discrimination against the majority Buddhist population generated the growth of Buddhist institutions as they sought to participate in national politics and gain better treatment. The 5063:

Dawn (2016, translating Rad 1958) stated: "From the earliest days of Israel's existence as a people, holy war was a sacred institution, undertaken as a cultic act of a religious community".

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immigrants were mainly Protestant, the terms become shorthand for the two cultures, but McGarry & O'Leary argued that it would be inaccurate to describe the conflict as a religious one.

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This book does not ignore violence committed in the name of religion. Analyses of case studies of seeming religious violence often conclude that ethnic animosities strongly drive violence.

12944: 6743: 2992: 6952: 6916: 6745: 6701: 6959: 6935: 6841: 4875:, and warfare has been integral part of Islamic history both for the defense and the spread of the faith since the time of Muhammad. This was formalised in the juristic definition of 8466: 5582:(1419–1438), they managed to resist." It did not mention the succession of Wenceslaus by Sigismund, but noted elsewhere that it was Sigismund's policy of Catholic Church unity which 11466: 9847: 7083: 6740: 8300: 7124: 6698: 6764: 6719: 7099: 6905: 6765: 4414: 4305:, widely recognized to be "religious" in motivation, noting that the warring factions were not necessarily split along confessional lines as much as along secular interests. 6940: 6912: 6762: 7150: 6930: 4363:

may serve as a cultural marker or ideological rationalization for a conflict that has deeper ethnic and cultural differences. They argued this specifically in the case of

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It has been argued that the antecedents of the war can be traced back to the conflicts and political compromises reached after the end of Lebanon's administration by the

5578:(2002) described the Hussites as a "movement which developed from a religious denomination to a nationalist faction, opposed to German and Papal influence; in the bloody 6768: 6741: 6705: 6937: 6832: 6751: 4879:, which continues to hold normative power in contemporary Islam, inextricably linking political and religious justification of war. This normative concept is known as 4121:

or other aspects of a conflict are predominant in a given war. The degree to which a war may be considered religious depends on many underlying questions, such as the

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Velikonja, Mitja. "In hoc signo vinces: religious symbolism in the Balkan wars 1991–1995." International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society 17.1 (2003): 25-40.

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until the middle of the second century, C.E., holy war was an operative institution. That is, Jews engaged in what is defined here as holy war." He mentioned the

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describes the battle as a "major turning point in the reconquista..." See Lynn Hunt, R. Po-chia Hsia, Thomas R. Martin, Barbara H. Rosenwein, and Bonnie Smith,

7123: 7084: 10586:"PBS Frontline: "Civil war was sparked in 1983 when the military regime tried to impose sharia law as part of its overall policy to "Islamicize" all of Sudan."" 7962: 7179: 7097: 6983: 6844: 6771: 6739: 6738: 6732: 6712: 12501: 11733: 11131: 8231: 7844:

Introduction to the Science of Religion: four lectures delivered at the Royal institution, with two essays, On false analogies, and The philosophy of mythology

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and mostly concern the early period of Islam, from the 7th to 11th centuries, i.e. before the collapse of the Caliphate and the emergence of the various later

2541: 6925: 6767: 4398:(1991, p. 308, Table 12.2), who catalogued and categorised wars from 1648 to 1989 into 24 categories of 'issues that generated wars', 'protect religious 11661: 11514: 7554: 7087: 4406:' to be (one of) the primary cause(s) of 0% of all wars during 1648–1714 and 1715–1814, 6% during 1815–1914, 17% during 1918–1941, and 12% during 1945–1989. 6758: 11605: 10165: 9901: 7887: 7174: 6934: 6753: 6704: 6532:

While Ba'athist Iraq has sometimes been described as a "secular dictatorship" before the war, and therefore in ideological conflict with the Shia Islamic '

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Midianite women, children and livestock taken captive by Israelite soldiers after all Midianite men had been killed and their towns burnt. Watercolour by

12704: 9705: 6967: 6702: 6029: 4356:. Medieval Japan at first had a similar union between "imperial law" and universal or "Buddha law", but these later became independent sources of power. 2752: 7132: 7127: 7112: 6979: 6958: 6759: 5642:(the central kingdom of Japan), the Mononobe and Nakatomi maintained that there should be continuity of tradition and that worshipping the native gods ( 7156: 7136: 7122: 7096: 6829: 6763: 6760: 6709: 6944: 6703: 13828: 13211: 11538: 10049: 9510: 7125: 7109: 6977: 6911: 6723: 6082:, who, in his presidential address to the 1930 convention of the Muslim League said that a separate nation for Muslims was essential in an otherwise 5746:

figured on the opposing sides of this conflict, though Catholic France took the side of the Protestants, but it did so for purely political reasons.

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In a country where the Buddhist majority was estimated to be between 70 and 90 percent, Diem ruled with a strong religious bias. As a member of the

12655: 9878: 9770: 6918: 6440: 4036: 2703: 9434: 6974: 6109:, up to 12.5 million people were displaced, with estimates of loss of life varying from several hundred thousand to a million. India emerged as a 11062: 10072: 9045:

Encarta-encyclopedie Winkler Prins (1993–2002) s.v. "Japan. §5.2 De introductie van de vastelandsbeschaving". Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum.

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from Mecca and the conversion of several inhabitants of the city to Islam. The first revelation concerning the struggle against the Meccans was

12576: 11939: 11412: 11406: 11206: 7862: 7159: 7119: 7093: 7081: 6710: 6043: 4156:—depending upon the observer's sympathies. However, studies on these cases often conclude that ethnic animosities drive much of the conflicts. 2616: 7145: 6932: 6906: 6721: 5496:, known in Arab history as the Battle of Al-Uqab (معركة العقاب), was fought on 16 July 1212 and it was an important turning point in both the 11709: 11625: 11593: 11400: 9660: 6629:" (or "Bosnian Muslims"). Traditional religious symbols were used during the wars. Notably, foreign Muslim volunteers came to Bosnia to wage 6439:

Some violence still occurred. In late December 1991 a car bomb (estimated to carry 220 pounds of TNT) exploded in the Muslim neighborhood of

4885:, an Arabic word with the meaning "to strive; to struggle" (viz. "in the way of God"), which includes the aspect of struggle "by the sword". 4701: 7173: 6953: 6517:. Peyman Asadzade (2019) stated: "Although the evidence suggests that religious motivations by no means contributed to Saddam's decision to 5036:

In 2016, however, Firestone made a distinction between what he regarded as the Hebrew Bible's concept and the 'Western' concept of holy war:

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on religious grounds, and to encourage all Christians within Ottoman territory to join the Greek revolutionaries; the other advocated the

13186: 12797: 12339: 11927: 11442: 9614: 7143: 7141: 6971: 6831: 6755: 6162:, resulting in hundreds of casualties. Officials estimated that 500 people were massacred in night-time raids by rampaging Muslim gangs. 6001: 3242: 2845: 2371: 10926:

Die europäische Debatte über den Religionskrieg (1679-1714). Konfessionelle Memoria und internationale Politik im Zeitalter Ludwigs XIV.

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that were waged from the end of the 11th century through the 13th century. Originally, the goal of the Crusaders was the recapture of

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massacred 2,000 to 8,000 Uyghurs, which caused tension as more Hui moved into Kashgar from other parts of China. Some Hui criticize

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personified war. While he received occasional sacrifice from armies going to war, there was only a very limited "cult of Ares". In

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Western volunteers joined the war for quite different reasons, namely to 'regenerate' Greece and thereby Europe, motivated by

13957: 12491: 12214: 11721: 11121: 10900: 10403: 10376: 10319: 10241: 9801: 9608: 9526: 9495: 8889: 8632: 8391: 7992: 7652: 7537: 7408: 6981: 6970: 6956: 6035: 4165: 4141: 2531: 2246: 11769: 7129: 6951: 6839: 4724:, refers to the protocol to be followed by both parties at war. It sets the rules for both sides to conduct the war fairly ( 4163:, out of all 1,763 known/recorded historical conflicts, 121, or 6.87%, had religion as their primary cause. Matthew White's 12992: 12314: 12126: 7131: 7130: 7120: 6729: 6724: 4697: 4029: 3048: 2346: 2150: 9787: 8056: 7171: 6955: 6933: 6722: 5663: 13638: 13308: 13221: 13112: 12787: 12607: 12239: 12224: 11865: 11727: 11055: 10554: 9121: 7313:" was a broad Yugoslav religious demographic designation which applied to all Slavic-speaking Islamic inhabitants of the 6720: 6600: 6106: 4571: 4535: 4332:, what is called ancient religion today, would have only been understood as "law" by the people in the ancient world. In 4245:

as well as wars of religion when two rival claimants to a throne also represent opposing religions. Examples include the

3706: 3362: 3277: 3168: 2835: 2653: 2271: 2256: 1777: 70: 36: 10868: 7155: 7154: 7153: 7146: 7126: 13206: 12687: 10966: 9077: 8039: 8014: 7822: 7742: 7714: 6963: 6962: 6961: 6954: 6938: 6838: 6835: 6708: 3262: 2735: 1972: 1750: 365: 7086: 5896:, who came forward, strong in his spiritual dignity (...) to be the first champion in the cause of Hellenic liberty." 5160:, military force may be justified if all peaceful means to settle a conflict have been exhausted, thus resulting in a 12854: 12692: 12178: 12156: 11649: 11630: 11030: 10948: 10933: 10918: 10860: 10845: 10827: 10809: 10783: 10759: 10744: 10679: 10444: 10190: 10116: 10082: 9669: 9646: 9547: 9476: 9317: 8805: 8771: 8737: 8700: 8663: 8598: 8559: 8355: 8152: 7954: 7684: 7608: 7481: 7433: 7378: 6725: 6328: 6314: 5841:

came close to extinguishing the ancient realm of Abyssinia, and forcibly converting all of its surviving subjects to

4581: 2902: 2740: 2202: 2180: 1426: 10995: 10180: 9717: 8227: 6957: 6837: 6647:(2007) have argued that they were religious wars (Catholic versus Orthodox versus Islamic), and that terms such as " 6296: 13591: 13428: 13328: 12792: 12682: 11703: 10559: 7857: 7142: 7128: 7113: 7092: 6718: 5941: 4588:

According to historian Edward Peters, before the 11th century, Christians had not developed a concept of holy war (

4250: 4133: 3659: 3488: 3382: 2840: 2730: 1504: 32: 11035: 7562: 7105: 5916:, the main organisation driving the rebellion, was split between two groups: one advocated the restoration of the 4748:. The word Dharma may be interpreted variously as righteousness or responsibility or duty based on the context. 4648:

and Europe proper. Later, Crusades were launched against other targets, either for religious reasons, such as the

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conquests of Thuringia, Allemannia and Bavaria had also resulted in their Christianisation by 555, although the

4315:

is often translated as "religion" in modern translations, but up to the mid-17th century, translators expressed

4262: 12324: 11969: 11667: 11048: 9743: 9637: 8520: 8195: 7512: 6836: 6613:(1992–1995) have been viewed as religious wars between the Orthodox, Catholic and Muslim populations of former 6537: 6525:'s declaration that the war would not end until Iran had defeated the Ba'athist regime and replaced it with an 6506: 6292: 6288: 5711:

maintains that " wars of religion of this period fought mainly for confessional security and political gain".

5381: 4868: 2356: 1613: 12466: 11096: 10928:(Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Europäische Geschichte Mainz, 250) Göttingen, Vandenhoeck&Ruprecht, 7632: 7177: 7148: 6948: 6834: 5340:(2004) as "in essence a frontier struggle and a religious war against pagans – devil-worshippers according to 4221:

a war legitimised by religion and/or for religious ends (but possibly fought by secular leaders and soldiers).

2506: 13860: 13576: 12304: 11987: 11963: 11751: 11550: 6206: 6134: 5555: 5493: 4576: 4241:

and is often just one of many factors driving a war. For example, many armed conflicts may be simultaneously

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at the time. He asserted that this concept may have re-emerged in modern times within some factions of the

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and stoning. The war, fought between the government and several rebel groups, continued for two decades.

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Online supplementary appendix for "The King is Dead: Political Succession and War in Europe, 1000–1799"

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The term "religious war" was used to describe, controversially at the time, what are now known as the

5622:

religion resisted the spread of Buddhism, and several military conflicts broke out, starting with the

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The Age of Wars of Religion, 1000–1650: An Encyclopedia of Global Warfare and Civilization, Volume 2

10737:

Holy War: How Vasco da Gama's Epic Voyages Turned the Tide in a Centuries-Old Clash of Civilizations

10496: 6047:

Palestinians make ethnic and historical claims to the land, and Jews make religious claims as well.

5749:

In the late 20th century, a number of revisionist historians such as William M. Lamont regarded the

5098: 19:"Holy War" and "Wars of religion" redirect here. For the 16th–18th century conflicts in Europe, see 13988: 13493: 13381: 13228: 12997: 12934: 12769: 12724: 12586: 12471: 12453: 12389: 12319: 12193: 11715: 11299: 11274: 11216: 11101: 11075: 9092:

Encarta-encyclopedie Winkler Prins (1993–2002) s.v. "Tolteken". Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum.

6464: 6277: 6246: 6071: 6012:, which annexed the West Bank portion of the mandate, since then, the region has been plagued with 5754: 5551: 5501: 5364:(7th and 8th century), with both tribes killing several Christian missionaries in defence of their 4359:

According to McGarry & O'Leary (1995), it is evident that religion as one aspect of a people's

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History and the Hebrew Bible: Studies in Ancient Israelite and Ancient Near Eastern Historiography

7001: Inter-Eastern religious conflict (Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Confucianism, Taoism, Shinto) 4567: 13947: 13776: 13756: 13618: 13608: 13566: 13196: 13037: 12899: 12869: 12864: 12814: 12749: 12734: 12667: 12640: 12625: 12028: 11992: 11496: 11418: 10519: 10139: 8655: 6700: 6405: 6389: 6281: 6187: 6063: 5727: 5505: 5444: 4254: 4246: 3852: 3832: 3686: 3676: 3634: 3252: 3093: 2947: 2917: 2912: 2862: 2797: 2782: 2715: 2688: 2673: 2047: 1955: 1937: 1693: 1252: 1174: 1119: 717: 380: 12844: 2892: 13875: 13848: 13838: 13318: 13298: 13161: 13032: 12929: 12879: 12849: 12829: 12764: 12744: 12719: 12714: 12709: 12620: 12591: 12564: 12540: 12535: 12121: 12111: 11945: 11921: 11637: 11221: 11194: 11170: 11165: 8587:"Numbers 31. War against the Midianites: Judgment for Past Sin, Foretaste of a Future Conquest" 8125: 7370: 7310: 6683:

six years after the war ended. Sudan is majority-Muslim and South Sudan is majority-Christian.

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politicians and clerics at the time, noting that many were or may have been motivated by their

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Sikh Militancy in the Seventeenth Century: Religious Violence in Mughal and Early Modern India

8761: 8586: 8549: 7453: 7325:(Torbeši), but mostly consisted of the group of people who would not be officially be called " 5734:

states, Scandinavia (Sweden, primarily) and Poland were beset by religious warfare during the

5427: 4051: 13983: 13843: 13803: 13736: 13633: 13581: 13508: 13263: 13027: 12939: 12914: 12909: 12894: 12889: 12884: 12824: 12779: 12739: 12645: 12615: 12518: 12131: 11915: 11574: 11359: 11324: 11294: 11148: 11071: 10510:Črnič, Aleš; Lesjak, Gregor (2003). "Religious Freedom and Control in Independent Slovenia". 10432: 10233: 9793: 9307: 9106: 9067: 8727: 8690: 8649: 8142: 6585:) units that taking cattle, sheep, goats, money, weapons and even women as spoils of war was 6490: 6433: 5962: 5517: 5509: 5178: 4968: 4844:

There were also a number of periods of infighting among Muslims; these are known by the term

3919: 3879: 3812: 3701: 3649: 3568: 3319: 3083: 2987: 2962: 2957: 2942: 2937: 2932: 2872: 2827: 2787: 2693: 2663: 2558: 2155: 1411: 1344: 1297: 951: 914: 877: 795: 747: 631: 441: 249: 158: 10366: 9974: 9517:, BADIL Resource Center for Palestinian Residency and Refugee Rights; Cleveland, William L. 9277: 8795: 8692:

The Sikh Separatist Insurgency in India: Political Leadership and Ethnonationalist Movements

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An Atheist Defends Religion : Why Humanity is Better Off with Religion than Without It

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were mostly framed in terms of a supposed Persian–Arab historical enmity, and Iraq-centred

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Christian brethren, that we have embarked upon our war against the Turks." Scottish writer

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on 19 August 1419 is the event that sparked the Hussite rebellion against his nominal heir

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This happened many times throughout history, beginning with Muhammad's battles against the

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and was used to describe the military campaign of extermination and looting commanded by

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to recruit, mobilise and motivate its troops. On the other hand, justifications from the

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Just Wars, Holy Wars, and Jihads: Christian, Jewish, and Muslim Encounters and Exchanges

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The Myth of Religious Violence : Secular Ideology and the Roots of Modern Conflict

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saw clashes between Muslim herders against Christian farmers near the volatile city of

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The Irrational Atheist: Dissecting the Unholy Trinity of Dawkins, Harris, and Hitchens

6436:

began slowly to rebuild themselves as Lebanon's only major non-sectarian institution.

4855: 4813:. Until the 13th century, the Muslim conquests were those of a more or less coherent 4432:, which he notes is slightly adjusted compared to the 121 that is indeed found in the 13922: 13833: 13761: 13746: 13545: 13488: 13293: 13201: 13092: 13012: 12859: 12161: 11957: 11685: 11587: 11460: 11304: 11254: 11249: 10962: 10944: 10929: 10914: 10896: 10856: 10841: 10823: 10805: 10793: 10779: 10755: 10740: 10675: 10440: 10399: 10372: 10315: 10237: 10186: 10159: 10112: 10078: 9797: 9665: 9642: 9604: 9543: 9522: 9472: 9349: 9313: 9073: 8885: 8801: 8767: 8733: 8696: 8659: 8628: 8594: 8555: 8387: 8351: 8191: 8148: 8035: 8010: 7988: 7881: 7818: 7738: 7710: 7680: 7648: 7604: 7533: 7508: 7477: 7429: 7404: 7374: 7271: 6522: 6478: 6456: 6250: 6210: 6179: 6122: 6114: 6098: 5932: 5770: 5750: 5559: 5550:(1419–1434) is debated. Kokkonen & Sundell (2017) claimed that the death of king 5529: 5478: 5365: 5296: 5262: 5250: 5223: 5209: 5193:) against persons or states who allegedly committed sacrilegious acts before the god 5017: 5005: 4956: 4657: 4653: 4609: 4543: 4505: 4459: 4360: 4345: 4242: 4195: 4056: 3998: 3909: 3837: 3822: 3605: 3548: 3347: 3257: 3148: 3068: 2907: 2185: 2023: 1932: 1879: 1782: 1772: 1767: 1737: 1720: 1715: 1688: 1633: 1334: 1324: 1319: 1309: 1229: 1219: 1214: 1189: 1159: 1049: 1019: 1014: 1004: 999: 989: 904: 857: 827: 666: 459: 436: 370: 6559:

which narrates the triumph of 313 followers of the new Muslim faith over almost 900

1992: 13885: 13870: 13798: 13719: 13689: 13520: 13356: 13062: 12635: 12630: 12481: 12379: 11975: 11891: 11871: 11691: 11354: 11279: 11111: 10771: 10709: 10698:"Was the English Civil War a War of Religion? The Evidence of Political Propaganda" 10523: 10229: 9563: 7640: 6582: 6526: 6482: 6443:. At least 30 people were killed, and 120 wounded, including former Prime Minister 6118: 5917: 5827: 5815: 5735: 5541: 5470: 5306: 5242: 5238: 5216: 5202: 5026: 5022: 4997: 4989: 4944: 4822: 4634: 4349: 4266: 4169:

gives religion as the primary cause of 11 of the world's 100 deadliest atrocities.

4137: 4074: 3961: 3946: 3874: 3795: 3765: 3580: 3416: 3118: 2683: 2678: 2521: 2411: 1997: 1962: 1894: 1787: 1725: 1618: 1546: 1539: 1396: 1329: 1279: 1269: 1144: 1064: 1024: 1009: 976: 961: 832: 817: 770: 678: 636: 579: 574: 532: 355: 332: 239: 168: 97: 80: 9492: 8961:

The Making of the West: Peoples and Cultures: A Concise History: Volume I: To 1740

8188:

The First Crusade: The Chronicle of Fulcher of Chartres and Other Source Materials

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political factions. However, the conflict played out along three religious lines:

4805:

were a military expansion on an unprecedented scale, beginning in the lifetime of

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had a powerful disintegrative effect on Lebanon, which was closely linked to the

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Sharma, Vivek Swaroop (March/April 2018) "What Makes a Conflict 'Religious'? in

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does not provide a clear discussion on who has the authority to initiate a war (

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Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Volumes 276-278

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When Sparrows Became Hawks: The Making of the Sikh Warrior Tradition, 1699-1799

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Hinduism and the Ethics of Warfare in South Asia: From Antiquity to the Present

8328:

Hinduism and the Ethics of Warfare in South Asia: From Antiquity to the Present

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generally described the conflict as a religious war, and used the narrative of

6381: 6155: 5900:(1994) stated that "the uprising in 1821 was mainly a religious war", but that 5879: 5831: 5806: 5774: 5651: 5647: 5415: 4928: 4834: 4641: 4531: 4340:, sometimes translated as "religion", also means law. Throughout the classical 4149: 4094: 3971: 3929: 3899: 3889: 3807: 3800: 3785: 3775: 3595: 3531: 3473: 3468: 3453: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3108: 3043: 2563: 2536: 2381: 2055: 1982: 1730: 1154: 1114: 1092: 1079: 1069: 1039: 956: 909: 712: 703: 594: 547: 527: 517: 487: 454: 342: 299: 254: 126: 59: 10276: 10016:

The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Volume 277

9341: 8732:. Plymouth & Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 99–100. 8096:

God Against The Gods: The History of the War Between Monotheism and Polytheism

13972: 13907: 13530: 13466: 13451: 13313: 13258: 13129: 13072: 13007: 12426: 12329: 11859: 11845: 11655: 11364: 11259: 10477:

The discussions on the national identity of Bosniaks - a collection of papers

9706:"Review: A War to Start All Wars: Will Israel Ever Seal the Victory of 1948?" 9353: 7318: 6444: 6370: 6183: 6175: 6171: 5978: 5970: 5913: 5901: 5888: 5788: 5743: 5639: 5631: 5627: 5521: 5393: 5153: 5071: 5067: 4889: 4876: 4830: 4825:, expansion continued on all fronts (other than Iberia which was lost in the 4716: 4687: 4670: 4665: 4607:, some of the Crusaders who fought in the name of God were recognized as the 4471: 4395: 4191: 4110: 3983: 3590: 3526: 3511: 3367: 3314: 3185: 3128: 3063: 2458: 2361: 1829: 1817: 1673: 1593: 1509: 1492: 1349: 1184: 867: 862: 842: 822: 737: 708: 683: 559: 537: 522: 497: 337: 259: 222: 217: 114: 8551:

Handbook on the Pentateuch: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy

7838: 7338: 6659:

to conceal the religious core of the armed conflicts, even though the term "

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minority, he pursued pro-Catholic policies that antagonized many Buddhists.

4546:

war traditions, and found "many similarities in phraseology and ideology".

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Holy War: The Rise of Militant Christian, Jewish and Islamic Fundamentalism

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Lebanon was promised independence, which was achieved on 22 November 1943.

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In the 1980s, serious outbreaks between Christians and Muslims occurred in

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Stalin's Holy War: Religion, Nationalism, and Alliance Politics, 1941-1945

8979: 6547:(1986–1989; in strict sense February–September 1988) was code-named after 13643: 13603: 13571: 13438: 13398: 13238: 13151: 13102: 13077: 12977: 12677: 12416: 12399: 12354: 12269: 11448: 11264: 10752:

1453: The Holy War for Constantinople and the Clash of Islam and the West

10644: 9816: 8627:. Translated by Marva J. Dawn. Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 7675:

Morreall, John; Sonn, Tamara (2013). "Myth 8. Religion Causes Violence".

6680: 6640: 6610: 6577: 6536:' which seized control of Iran in 1979, Iraq also launched the so-called 6424: 6412: 6090: 5958: 5921: 5909: 5905: 5883: 5854: 5739: 5719: 5456: 5438: 5418:

were seen as a seamless continuation of this conflict by contemporaries.

5369: 5325: 4859: 4826: 4752: 4738: 4721: 4463: 4403: 4326: 4274: 4258: 3711: 3671: 3639: 3498: 3458: 3294: 3207: 3158: 3133: 3033: 2725: 2448: 2431: 2386: 2301: 1927: 1678: 1643: 1482: 1169: 1134: 847: 790: 693: 477: 198: 193: 10549: 6581:(Kurdish collaborators with the Baathists, literally "donkey's foal" in 5646:) was in the best interest of the Japanese. Unable to reach a decision, 5414:

by later writers in the 17th century. The early modern wars against the

5352:

in the 790s led to their forced conversion to Christianity. The earlier

5086: 4916: 4899: 13917: 13912: 13793: 13788: 13684: 13668: 13525: 13418: 13376: 13338: 13146: 13134: 13107: 13097: 13017: 12443: 12438: 12409: 12344: 12183: 11319: 11314: 10981:

http://nationalinterest.org/feature/what-makes-conflict-religious-24576

10721: 10697: 10535: 8593:. Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press. pp. 176–180. 8124:; these too sacrifice a puppy, a black bitch, to the Wayside Goddess." 6614: 6214: 5974: 5611: 5321: 5291: 5149: 5049: 4982: 4924: 4491: 4475: 4474:, the concept of "holy war" enters a new phase with the development of 4353: 4270: 3993: 3988: 3869: 3864: 3760: 3736: 3585: 3478: 3436: 3392: 3202: 3190: 3163: 3153: 3073: 2475: 2470: 2441: 2376: 2207: 1884: 1854: 1576: 945: 7033: Islamic–Eastern religious conflict (Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism) 13818: 13766: 13483: 13082: 12209: 11795: 11508: 10652: 10311:

After Such Knowledge, What Forgiveness?: My Encounters With Kurdistan

9456: 8956: 7798:

associated with a relationship with God or a vision of transcendence.

7785: 6656: 6556: 6533: 6429: 6354: 6230: 6144: 5758: 5723: 5715: 5635: 5313:

of the Franks waged wars against other European nations who followed

4981:(c. 1900) illustrating the War against the Midianites as narrated in 4838: 4818: 4626: 4622: 4148:, religious elements are overtly present, but variously described as 3894: 3842: 3543: 3138: 2241: 1874: 1698: 1648: 1598: 1588: 1583: 1448: 1239: 1234: 1199: 641: 327: 294: 183: 10713: 10527: 8919:(1993–2002) s.v. "kruistochten". Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum. 8085:"The Encyclopedia of War" by Gordon Martel (17 Jan 2012, 2912 pages) 6889: Christian fundamentalist insurgency against secular government 6266: 13783: 13613: 13540: 13191: 13117: 13022: 12982: 12374: 12369: 12364: 12289: 12284: 12279: 12219: 12006: 11532: 11269: 9400:"Samaritans form bridge of peace between Israelis and Palestinians" 8851:

Gregory of Tours, A History of the Franks, Pantianos Classics, 1916

7472:

Omar, Irfan; Duffey, Michael, eds. (22 June 2015). "Introduction".

7326: 6626: 6548: 6385: 5762: 5607: 5387: 5357: 5345: 5333: 5310: 5157: 5145: 5118: 5008:(132–136 CE) as three examples of a "holy war" or "Commanded War" ( 4872: 4806: 4756: 4744: 4709: 4645: 4614: 4604: 4559: 4521: 4333: 4106: 3859: 3681: 3600: 3247: 3173: 3078: 3038: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2321: 2316: 2311: 2251: 1889: 1864: 1497: 1129: 1104: 722: 277: 151: 9036:(1993–2002) s.v. "Sigismund ". Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum. 8190:(2 ed.). Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. 5432: 4114: 4062: 12294: 12188: 12168: 12141: 12116: 12020: 10819:

Peace and War: Armed Conflicts and International Order, 1648–1989

10048:. American Academy of Political and Social Science. p. 152. 10019:. American Academy of Political and Social Science. p. 152. 9024:(1993–2002) s.v. "hussieten". Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum. 8974:

A General History of the Christian Era: The Papacy and the Empire

8301:"Christian Jihad: The Crusades and Killing in the Name of Christ" 6358: 6242: 6234: 6219: 5966: 5858: 5731: 5563: 5525: 5399: 5341: 5287: 5137: 4913: 4429: 4113:, there are frequent debates over the extent to which religious, 4066: 2326: 2212: 2192: 2165: 2140: 2063: 1899: 1859: 1623: 1457: 1453: 800: 785: 661: 322: 317: 287: 226: 188: 9786:

Kevin Lewis O'Neill (March 2009). Alexander Laban Hilton (ed.).

8763:

Wars From Within: Understanding And Managing Insurgent Movements

6543:(April–July 1988) in the final stages of the war. Moreover, the 6489:). Some of the underlying motives of Saddam appear to have been 4888:

The first forms of military jihad occurred after the migration (

13243: 12274: 12173: 12151: 12146: 12096: 11329: 11020: 10364: 8426: 7246: 6652: 6622: 6009: 5619: 5615: 5546:

The relative importance of the various factors that caused the

5329: 5194: 5186: 5182: 5053: 4893: 4814: 4638: 4517: 4455: 4337: 3299: 2306: 2197: 2175: 2170: 2120: 1406: 807: 624: 360: 10768:

Holy War in Judaism: The Fall and Rise of a Controversial Idea

8721: 8719: 8455:

Holy War in Judaism: The Fall and Rise of a Controversial Idea

7080: 6904: 6828: 6737: 6717: 6697: 4829:) for another half millennium until the final collapse of the 13253: 12101: 11581: 9227:(Oxford: Blackwell, 2001), pp. 96f and sources cited therein. 9183: 9181: 8753: 8684: 8682: 6648: 6631: 6618: 6587: 6560: 6469: 6415:

troops, who had invaded Lebanon in 1941 to rid Beirut of the

6374: 6083: 6070:

in 1906 by Muslims who were suspicious of the Hindu-majority

6067: 5994: 5954: 5842: 5057: 4940: 4881: 4788: 4729: 4630: 3309: 2125: 882: 418: 413: 11070: 9981:, Gravel Edition, Volume 2. 10 July 1963. pp. 729–733. 9309:

Classical Greece: Ancient Histories and Modern Archaeologies

8963:, Second Edition (New York: Bedford/St. Martin's 2007), 391. 7474:

Peacemaking and the Challenge of Violence in World Religions

5936:

A fatally wounded Israeli school boy in a Hamas attack, 2011

5693:

European wars of religion § Definitions and discussions

5344:." He noted that Charlemagne ordered the destruction of the 4445: 13865: 13694: 10473:

Rasprave o nacionalnom identitetu Bošnjaka – Zbornik radova

8716: 6552: 6341:

There is no consensus among scholars on what triggered the

5835: 5714:

In 16th-century France, there was a series of wars between

5360:

resisted with similar determinacy as the Saxons during the

4932: 4513: 3941: 3770: 178: 173: 9844:"Nigeria violence: Muslim-Christian clashes kill hundreds" 9427:"Muslim Arab Bedouins serve as Jewish state's gatekeepers" 9279:

The Life of Alexander Lycurgus, Archbishop of the Cyclades

9193: 9178: 8940: 8938: 8679: 7909:. Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, 1984. 10042:

American Academy of Political and Social Science (1951).

10013:

American Academy of Political and Social Science (1951).

9597:"The Consequences of Counterterrorist Policies in Israel" 9369:"The Druze of Israel: Hope for Arab-Jewish Collaboration" 9168: 9166: 8861: 8859: 8857: 8787: 8439: 8437: 8435: 8350:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 27–28. 6350: 6159: 5857:. Many historians trace the origins of hostility between 5410:

in the 11th century were recognized as a "holy war" or a

4633:, and the provision of support to the besieged Christian 4454:, i.e. dominated by a single god of the ruling elite (as 4105:

which is primarily caused or justified by differences in

4102: 51: 10337:"The Crimes of Saddam Hussein – 1988 The Anfal Campaign" 9140: 8991: 8800:. London & New York: I.B.Tauris. pp. 3–4, 252. 8228:"Conflicts of Ideology in Christian and Muslim Holy War" 7933: 7931: 6643:

or ethnic in nature, others such as the literary critic

5969:

in greater percentages than Israeli Jews are as well as

10391: 9785: 9493:"Palestinian refugees, Israeli left-wingers mark Nakba" 8935: 7955:"Counting "Religious Wars" in the Encyclopedia of Wars" 7700: 7698: 7696: 6329:

Lebanese Civil War § Political groups and militias

11734:

Antireligious campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party

10822:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 379. 9205: 9163: 8898: 8854: 8833: 8432: 7507:. Facts on File. pp. 1484–1485 "Religious wars". 7296: 7294: 7292: 6503:

1974–75 Kurdish rebellion against the Iraqi government

5853:

into their present homelands to the north and west of

4470:, etc.), or more directly by deifying the ruler in an 11662:

Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia

11515:

Persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction

9537: 9312:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 22. 7928: 6190:

area in the north of the country in central Vietnam.

6182:

of 1966 was a period of civil and military unrest in

5556:

Sigismund (then king of Germany, Hungary and Croatia)

4524:

before engaging in ritual fighting at the Phoebaeum.

10961:. London: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 1076. 10867:

Kokkonen, Andrej; Sundell, Anders (September 2017).

10144:"Uyghur Muslim Ethnic Separatism in Xinjiang, China" 9346:

Bulletin du Centre de recherche français à Jérusalem

9003: 8554:. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Books. p. 371. 8500:"War in the Hebrew Bible and Contemporary Parallels" 7693: 6575:(also known as "Chemical Ali"). His orders informed 5237:

Firestone (2012) stated that in the eyes of ancient

5177:, four (or five) wars were fought in and around the 4316: 4310: 11031:

Counting Religious Wars in the Encyclopedia of Wars

10838:

The Holy War Idea in Western and Islamic Traditions

7289: 6406:

fled the fighting or were expelled from their homes

5965:, participate in combat and are represented in the 5508:were joined by the armies of his Christian rivals, 5253:(132–136 CE) were "holy wars" or "Commanded Wars" ( 4534:attitude to war and religion differed from that of 4225: 10876:. Gothenburg: University of Gothenburg. p. 40 10358: 10104: 10070: 10003:John Alexander Selbie, Louis Herbert Gray 1916 893 9869:Clayton, Jonathan; Gledhill, Ruth (8 March 2010). 9603:. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. p. 356. 9542:. Minority Rights Group Report no 24. p. 10. 9460: 9398: 9236:For example, David D. Laitin and Said S. Samatar, 8695:. New Delhi: SAGE Publications India. p. 70. 8380:"Two Cultures, Two Traditions: Opening a Dialogue" 8255:"Timeline for the Crusades and Christian Holy War" 7977: 7808: 7806: 7555:"Religion and the 100 Worst Atrocities in History" 7362: 7049: Inter-Christian conflict (Catholic–Orthodox) 4892:) of Muhammad and his small group of followers to 13829:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 10437:God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything 10365:Branislav Radeljić; Martina Topić (1 July 2015). 10182:Nationalism and ethnoregional identities in China 8759: 7952: 7917: 7915: 7907:Buddhism and the State in Sixteenth-Century Japan 6491:controlling the Shatt al-Arab waterway and region 6008:, led to the creation of the state of Israel and 5674:; the latter lost and were driven to flee to the 5666:of Mesoamerica (c. 980–1110) between devotees of 4656:, or because of political conflicts, such as the 4481: 3905:Racial bias in criminal news in the United States 13970: 11036:Religion and the 100 Worst Atrocities in History 10889:Metcalf, Barbara D.; Metcalf, Thomas R. (2006). 10164:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 9594: 8930:Bellum sacrum Ecclesiae militantis contra Turcum 8290:. Oxford University Press, London, 2004. PP. 63. 7886:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 7639:. London: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 149–150. 6345:(1975–1990). However, the militarization of the 6227:expelled 20,000 Kazakhs from Xinjiang to Qinghai 6016:. The 1948 Palestinian exodus also known as the 5826:(1529–1543) was a military conflict between the 5350:Carolingian campaign against the Pannonian Avars 4617:were a series of military campaigns against the 4520:, however, each company of youths sacrificed to 13489:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 10866: 10385: 10274: 9975:"The Situation In South Vietnam - SNIE 53-2-63" 9967: 9868: 9817:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. 8985: 8766:. London: Imperial College Press. p. 194. 8384:Holy War Idea in Western and Islamic Traditions 8177: 8175: 8173: 8171: 8101: 7803: 7503:Axelrod, Alan; Phillips, Charles, eds. (2004). 7502: 5927: 5765:to support the war against the 'Catholic' king 4512:with particular attributes and interest areas. 3549:Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting) 12971:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 11413:Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent 11407:Persecution of pagans in the late Roman Empire 10888: 10708:(2). University of California Press: 173–201. 10395:Freedom of Religion and Belief: A World Report 10178: 10132: 9744:"Census of India : Religious Composition" 9730: 7912: 7847:. London: Longmans, Green, and co. p. 28. 7786:Pluralism Project, Harvard University (2015). 7735:Before Religion: A History of a Modern Concept 7498: 7496: 7354: 6797: Inter-Islamic conflict (e.g. Sunni–Shia) 4386:War of succession § Prevalence and impact 3027:SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups 12036: 11594:Persecution of Christians in the Eastern Bloc 11401:Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire 11056: 10303: 10301: 10299: 10297: 9736: 9661:1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War 9564:"The United Nations and Palestinian Refugees" 9521:, Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2004, p. 270. 8760:Schnabel, Albrecht; Gunaratna, Rohan (2015). 8221: 8219: 7868:. Archived from the original on 23 March 2003 7776:( Philadelphia: Dropsie College Press, 1936). 7759:History of Zionism: A Handbook and Dictionary 7527: 5908:about European history and civilisation, and 5816:Ethiopian Empire (Abyssinian/Habesha Kingdom) 5730:. In the first half of the 17th century, the 5593:in 1414, which ultimately condemned Jan Hus. 5274: 4702:Violence against Muslims in independent India 4613:, the soldiers or the knights of Christ. The 4030: 2024: 11716:Violence against Hindus in independent India 10895:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. 10215: 10213: 10211: 10209: 9588: 9072:. Harvest House Publishers. pp. 69–70. 8884:. Copenhagen: Books on Demand. p. 126. 8725: 8168: 7674: 7600:War and Religion after Westphalia, 1648–1713 7423: 6567:in the year 624. "Al Anfal" literally means 6151:in a border area between the two religions. 5961:who, for example, volunteer to serve in the 5869: 5686: 5391:of the Crusades in favour of other factors. 13187:List of people killed for being transgender 11928:Attacks by Islamic extremists in Bangladesh 11443:Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent 10671:The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare 10509: 10270: 10268: 10266: 10264: 10262: 10260: 9789:Genocide: truth, memory, and representation 9664:. Yale University Press. pp. 394–396. 9069:The Popular Encyclopedia of World Religions 8543: 8541: 7923:Explaining Northern Ireland: Broken Images. 7493: 7394: 7392: 7390: 7369:. Downers Grove, Ill.: IVP Books. pp. 7329:" until 1993, namely, Muslims speaking the 6675:from 1983 to 2005 has been described as an 6295:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 4714:This does not refer to religious conflict. 4265:during the Reformation in Germany, and the 3243:List of people killed for being transgender 12043: 12029: 11063: 11049: 10649:Political Islam, World Politics and Europe 10439:. London: Atlantic Books. pp. 22–24. 10334: 10294: 9819:"Refworld - Chronology for Ibo in Nigeria" 9134: 8216: 8136: 8134: 7728: 7726: 7592: 7590: 7588: 7586: 7584: 7582: 7580: 7532:. W.W. Norton & Company. p. 544. 7057: Christian–Eastern religious conflict 6349:population, along with the arrival of the 6237:, until there were only 135 of them left. 5705:, from at least the mid 18th century. The 5454:(2004) noted that the belligerents in the 4450:While early empires could be described as 4354:ceremonial as well as practical traditions 4037: 4023: 2031: 2017: 11563:Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars 10776:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199860302.001.0001 10765: 10674:. Abingdon: Routledge. pp. 21, 314. 10206: 10138: 9919: 9871:"500 butchered in Nigeria killing fields" 9301: 9299: 9297: 8443: 7812: 7398: 7025: Inter-Islamic conflict (Sunni–Shia) 6315:Learn how and when to remove this message 5596: 4763:However, according to Torkel Berkke, the 4446:Holy war concepts in religious traditions 12310:Social determinants of health in poverty 10840:, Pennsylvania State University Press, 10667: 10470: 10427: 10257: 10219: 9103:Considerations on the Present German War 9061: 9059: 9057: 9055: 9053: 9051: 8944: 8865: 8726:Fenech, Louis E.; McLeod, W. H. (2014). 8580: 8578: 8547: 8538: 8406: 7757:Hershel Edelheit, Abraham J. Edelheit, 7704: 7668: 7596: 7447: 7445: 7417: 7387: 7315:Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 6332: 5931: 5787: 5657: 5431: 5050:war against the Midianites in Numbers 31 4972: 4854: 4809:and spanning the centuries, down to the 4575: 4061: 4050: 2342:Social determinants of health in poverty 995:List of military strategies and concepts 16:War primarily over religious differences 11527:French Revolutionary dechristianisation 10695: 9703: 9538:McDowall, David; Claire Palley (1987). 9366: 9211: 9199: 9187: 9172: 8904: 8877: 8839: 8497: 8491: 8377: 8325: 8288:The Crusades: A Very Short Introduction 8140: 8131: 8004: 7948: 7946: 7863:"The Imperial Law and the Buddhist Law" 7732: 7723: 7707:The Territories of Science and Religion 7577: 7360: 6511:the instability of post-Revolution Iran 6447:, who was riding in a bulletproof car. 6117:, while Pakistan was established as an 5894:Germanus, the aged Archbishop of Patras 5568:Defenestration of Prague (30 July 1419) 5528:conquerors of the southern half of the 5428:Reconquista § Concept and duration 4969:Numbers 31 § Scholarly discussions 13971: 11473:Forced conversions of Muslims in Spain 10815: 10307: 10234:10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.812 9684: 9657: 9595:Pedahzur, Ami; Perliger, Arie (2010). 9305: 9294: 8647: 8411:. Johns Hopkins Press. pp. 55–56. 8339: 8337: 8181: 8147:. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. p. 57. 7983:Axelrod, Alan & Phillips, Charles 7953:Andrew Holt Ph. D (26 December 2018). 7937: 7837: 7603:. Ashgate Publishing. pp. 76–77. 7467: 7465: 7451: 7009: Islamic–polytheist Arab conflict 6036:fled or were expelled from their homes 5681: 5610:was formally introduced into Japan by 5066:Other wars known to Judaism include a 4236:War of succession § Applicability 12024: 11722:1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight 11044: 10993: 10979:154, 46–55. Full text available at: 10954: 10770:. New York: Oxford University Press. 10398:. Psychology Press. pp. 409 ff. 10368:Religion in the Post-Yugoslav Context 10222:"War and Religion: The Iran−Iraq War" 9455: 9449: 9339: 9275: 9223:See, for example, Richard Pankhurst, 9065: 9048: 9009: 8997: 8688: 8584: 8575: 8464: 8067:from the original on 1 September 2017 8057:"Is Religion the Cause of Most Wars?" 8054: 7987:Vol.1, Facts on File, November 2004, 7894:Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 7860:and Jacqueline I. Stone, translator. 7630: 7624: 7530:The Great Big Book of Horrible Things 7471: 7442: 7424:Morreall, John; Sonn, Tamara (2013). 6666: 6377:are considered among Shiite Muslims. 6256: 6057: 5792:Horn of Africa circa 1540 during the 5783: 5753:(1642–1651) as a religious war, with 4166:The Great Big Book of Horrible Things 13953: 12993:Capital punishment for homosexuality 12315:Social determinants of mental health 9985:from the original on 9 November 2017 9704:Ben-Ami, Shlomo (1 September 2008). 9601:The Consequences of Counterterrorism 9367:Adelman, Jonathan (8 October 2015). 9238:Somalia: Nation in Search of a State 9118:The General History of the Later War 8881:1016: The Danish Conquest of England 8793: 8386:. Penn State Press. pp. 20–25. 8246: 8034:. BenBella Books. pp. 104–106. 7943: 7774:The Jews. Race, Nation, or Religion? 7552: 7521: 7455:The General History of the Later War 6862: Christian–Indigenous conflicts 6423:In March 1991, Parliament passed an 6293:adding citations to reliable sources 6260: 6233:massacred their fellow Muslims, the 6165: 6128: 5566:(1415) "provoked the conflict", the 5081: 4698:Violence against Christians in India 3049:Capital punishment for homosexuality 2347:Social determinants of mental health 13113:Genital modification and mutilation 11866:Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War 11816:Persecution of Hindus in Bangladesh 11728:Jewish exodus from the Muslim world 11521:Christianization of the Sámi people 10994:Smith, Lisa Deeley (27 July 1982). 10275:Griffin Johnson (9 November 2019). 10108:Xinjiang: China's Muslim borderland 10074:Xinjiang: China's Muslim borderland 9881:from the original on 30 August 2011 9519:A History of the Modern Middle East 9251:"Greek Declaration of Independence" 9034:Encarta Winkler Prins Encyclopaedia 9022:Encarta Winkler Prins Encyclopaedia 8917:Encarta Winkler Prins Encyclopaedia 8827:Encarta Encyclopaedia Winkler Prins 8620: 8467:"Holy War Idea in the Hebrew Bible" 8343: 8334: 8330:. Cambridge University. p. 28. 8204:from the original on 18 August 2021 8029: 7679:. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 39–44. 7462: 7428:. Wiley-Blackwell. pp. 39–44. 7403:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 7256: Christian–secularist conflict 6781: Abrahamic–polytheist conflict 6601:Foreign fighters in the Bosnian War 6200: 6025: 5953:to varying degrees, especially the 5845:. The intervention of the European 5664:religious wars in the Toltec Empire 5258: 5197:. The following are distinguished: 5013: 4668:raised the level of the war from a 4572:Sectarian violence among Christians 4568:Counter-Reformation § Politics 3169:Genital modification and mutilation 37:Religious conflict (disambiguation) 13: 12050: 10987: 10392:Kevin Boyle; Juliet Sheen (1997). 10371:. Lexington Books. pp. 5–11. 10277:"Iran-Iraq War | Animated History" 9850:from the original on 11 March 2010 9750:from the original on 30 April 2016 9697: 9617:from the original on 17 April 2021 9576:from the original on 23 April 2021 8225: 7815:The Invention of Religion in Japan 7229: Catholic–Protestant conflict 7205: Christian–'heretic' conflict 7017: Islamic–Zoroastrian conflict 6245:remember that the Hui army at the 6097:into two new sovereign states—the 5701:, and especially the then-ongoing 5046:war narratives in the Hebrew Bible 4837:in the west with the onset of the 4301:as early as the 1760s, during the 14: 14005: 11710:Violence against Muslims in India 11704:Persecution of Hindus in Pakistan 11650:Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses 11014: 10592:from the original on 4 March 2012 10562:from the original on 23 June 2011 10220:Asadzade, Peyman (25 June 2019). 10052:from the original on 15 July 2021 10023:from the original on 15 July 2021 9379:from the original on 3 April 2019 8409:War and Peace in the Law of Islam 8252: 8234:from the original on 25 June 2016 8009:. Alpha Books. pp. 117–118. 7795:. Harvard University. p. 2. 7365:Exposing Myths about Christianity 5626:(552–587) between the pro-Shinto 4771:), nor on what makes a war just ( 4382:Casus belli § Categorisation 13952: 13943: 13942: 13592:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 13429:Law for Protection of the Nation 13329:White genocide conspiracy theory 12005: 11026:Maps of War, History of Religion 10996:"Religion: The idea of holy war" 10913:, Univ of North Carolina Press, 10638: 10604: 10578: 10542: 10503: 10464: 10421: 10412: 10328: 10185:. Psychology Press. p. 35. 10172: 10098: 10064: 10035: 10006: 9997: 9958: 9949: 9910: 9893: 9862: 9836: 9810: 9779: 9240:(Boulder: Westview Press, 1987). 8976:, Vol.1, (B. Herder, 1913), 372. 8729:Historical Dictionary of Sikhism 8265:from the original on 2 June 2016 7813:Josephson, Jason Ananda (2012). 7553:Holt, Andrew (8 November 2018). 7361:Russell, Jeffrey Burton (2012). 7337:(SDA) on 27 September 1993, see 7333:. This decision was made by the 7303: 7221: Catholic–Orthodox conflict 7213: Christian–Islamic conflict 7041: Christian–Islamic conflict 6993: Judaic–polytheist conflict 6854: Inter–Indigenous conflicts 6789: Christian–Islamic conflict 6594: 6450: 6265: 6170:During the rule of the Catholic 6030:approximately 711,000 to 726,000 5977:, various other Christians, and 5864: 5618:in 552. Adherents of the native 5129:This section is an excerpt from 5085: 4251:Succession of Henry IV of France 4226:Applicability of religion to war 3660:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 3489:Law for Protection of the Nation 3383:White genocide conspiracy theory 2062: 69: 33:War of Religion (disambiguation) 13434:MSM blood donation restrictions 13182:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 11982:2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel 11952:Persecution of Uyghurs in China 10661: 9846:. CSMonitor.com. 8 March 2010. 9762: 9724: 9678: 9651: 9629: 9556: 9531: 9485: 9467:. Metropolitan Books. pp. 9433:. 24 April 2013. Archived from 9419: 9391: 9360: 9333: 9282:. London: Rivingtons. p. 3 9269: 9243: 9230: 9217: 9095: 9086: 9039: 9027: 9015: 8966: 8950: 8922: 8910: 8871: 8845: 8821: 8641: 8614: 8458: 8449: 8415: 8400: 8371: 8319: 8293: 8277: 8114: 8088: 8079: 8048: 8023: 7998: 7965:from the original on 4 May 2019 7899: 7851: 7831: 7817:. University of Chicago Press. 7789:Judaism - Introductory Profiles 7779: 7751: 7709:. University of Chicago Press. 7237: Inter-Protestant conflict 6337:War-damaged buildings in Beirut 6107:Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948 5535: 4637:which was waging a war against 4549: 3494:MSM blood donation restrictions 3238:LGBT grooming conspiracy theory 23:. For the EP by Subhumans, see 13447:(as religious or racial quota) 11970:2019 Sri Lanka Easter bombings 11940:Genocide of Christians by ISIL 11674:Communist Romanian persecution 10909:Miner, Steven Merritt (2003). 10335:Dave Johns (24 January 2006). 9933:. 14 June 1963. Archived from 9641:. Simon & Schuster, 2006. 9638:Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid 9151:. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc 9141:John Hearsey McMillan Salmon. 8378:Johnson, James Turner (1997). 7546: 7476:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 1. 7399:Cavanaugh, William T. (2009). 7197: Christian–pagan conflict 6881: Inter-Christian conflict 6805: Inter-Christian conflict 6000:In 1947, the UN's decision to 5944:can primarily be viewed as an 5421: 5382:Historiography of the Crusades 5269: 5144:, dharam-yudh or dharam yudh ( 4869:separation of Church and State 4582:St. Bartholomew's Day massacre 4482:Ancient warfare and polytheism 4348:consisted of concepts such as 4277:in Great Britain and Ireland. 4172: 4128:According to scholars such as 3507:(as religious or racial quota) 1: 13861:Second-generation gender bias 13577:Constitutional colorblindness 12305:Social determinants of health 11988:2024 Istanbul church shooting 11964:Christchurch mosque shootings 11752:Religious violence in Nigeria 11746:Exodus of Turks from Bulgaria 10836:Johnson, James Turner (1997). 10226:Oxford Research Encyclopedias 9599:. In Crenshaw, Martha (ed.). 8055:Lurie, Alan (10 April 2012). 7348: 7065: Islamic–Judaic conflict 6353:guerrilla forces, sparked an 6135:Religious violence in Nigeria 6095:British India was partitioned 6089:After the dissolution of the 5494:Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa 5368:, to the horror of Christian 4375: 3937:Second-generation gender bias 3645:Constitutional colorblindness 2337:Social determinants of health 11878:War crimes in the Kosovo War 11668:Communist Polish persecution 11539:1860 Mount Lebanon civil war 11467:Crusades against schismatics 10702:Huntington Library Quarterly 10308:Randal, Jonathan C. (2019). 10111:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 113. 10077:. M.E. Sharpe. p. 311. 9716:(5): 148–156. Archived from 8548:Hamilton, Victor P. (2005). 7921:McGarry J, O'Leary B, 1995. 7505:Encyclopedia of Wars (Vol.3) 7317:since 1971. It included the 6487:Arab separatism in Khuzestan 6225:In 1936, after Sheng Shicai 5942:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 5928:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 5168: 4263:War of the Jülich Succession 4134:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 4089:, sometimes also known as a 7: 13772:Medical model of disability 13624:Hate speech laws by country 10924:Mühling, Christian (2018). 10804:, Oxford University Press, 10228:. Oxford University Press. 10105:S. Frederick Starr (2004). 10071:S. Frederick Starr (2004). 8986:Kokkonen & Sundell 2017 8794:Syan, Hardip Singh (2013). 7645:10.1007/978-1-349-21927-8_6 7458:. Vol. 3. p. 110. 7265: 6822: 6686: 6541:("Trust in God") Operations 6505:), obtaining access to the 6493:(previously settled by the 5542:Hussite Wars § Origins 5375: 5324:(772–804) of Frankish king 4694:Religious violence in India 4681: 4584:of French Protestants, 1572 4317: 4311: 4273:–Jacobite wars) during the 3848:Medical model of disability 3692:Hate speech laws by country 1488:Military–industrial complex 967:Operational manoeuvre group 10: 14010: 13881:Social model of disability 12360:Discrimination against men 10892:A Concise History of India 10800:Hashmi, Sohail H. (2012). 10766:Firestone, Reuven (2012). 10612:"Sudan at War With Itself" 10314:. Routledge. p. 183. 9731:Metcalf & Metcalf 2006 9342:"In search of a lost time" 8932:by Léonard de Vaux (1685). 8624:Holy War in Ancient Israel 8621:Rad, Gerhard von (2016) . 7677:50 Great Myths of Religion 7426:50 Great Myths of Religion 7335:Party of Democratic Action 7189: Inter-pagan conflict 6598: 6432:) were dissolved, and the 6420:Parliament a Shia Muslim. 6326: 6132: 5882:in a mix of religious and 5861:and Ethiopia to this war. 5839:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi 5690: 5600: 5558:, making it essentially a 5539: 5425: 5379: 5275:Christianisation of Europe 5128: 5123: 5116: 4966: 4960: 4954: 4950: 4782: 4691: 4685: 4553: 4542:with other (polytheistic) 4485: 4379: 4296:comes from the Latin word 4290:Myth of Religious Violence 4229: 4176: 3957:Social model of disability 2392:Discrimination against men 18: 13938: 13677: 13554: 13347: 13234:Opposition to immigration 12958: 12605: 12452: 12202: 12152:Race / Ethnicity 12089: 12058: 12002: 11910:South Thailand insurgency 11886:Walisongo school massacre 11854:Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus 11503:Expulsion of the Moriscos 11479:European wars of religion 11393: 11237: 11082: 10955:Nolan, Cathal J. (2006). 10853:Religion and the Cold War 9955:Tucker, pp. 49, 291, 293. 9916:Moyar (2006), pp. 215–16. 9506:, Tel Aviv, 13 May 2008; 9225:The Ethiopians: A History 8689:Chima, Jugdep S. (2008). 8585:Olson, Dennis T. (2012). 8303:. Cbn.com. Archived from 8230:. Binghamton University. 8141:Barstad, Hans M. (2008). 7737:. Yale University Press. 7074: 6691: 6673:Second Sudanese Civil War 6515:1979 Khuzestan insurgency 6507:oil reserves in Khuzestan 6229:, the Hui led by General 6207:Dungan revolt (1862–1877) 6186:, largely focused in the 6086:-dominated subcontinent. 5876:Greek War of Independence 5870:Greek War of Independence 5763:Puritan religious beliefs 5726:primarily), known as the 5699:European wars of religion 5687:European wars of religion 5502:medieval history of Spain 5475:established inside Iberia 5189:(Oracle) residing in the 5077: 4564:European wars of religion 4556:Christianity and violence 4530:(2008) claimed that this 3290:Opposition to immigration 2176:Race / Ethnicity 1552:Loss-of-strength gradient 409:Combat information center 29:Holy War (disambiguation) 21:European wars of religion 13229:Occupational segregation 12998:Compulsory sterilization 11300:Extrajudicial punishment 10140:Van Wie Davis, Elizabeth 9773:22 December 2010 at the 9340:Merza, Eleonore (2008). 9127:17 February 2020 at the 8648:Dhavan, Purnima (2011). 8407:Khadduri, Majid (1955). 7705:Harrison, Peter (2015). 7597:Onnekink, David (2013). 7282: 6655:" were employed as mere 6635:and were thus known as " 6465:Islamic Republic of Iran 6247:Battle of Kashgar (1934) 6072:Indian National Congress 5912:of Ottoman culture. The 5662:There have been several 5552:Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia 5044:Several scholars regard 4778: 4536:ancient Israel and Judah 3285:Occupational segregation 3054:Compulsory sterilization 1870:Military science fiction 1355:Technology and equipment 776:List of military tactics 13757:Internalized oppression 13619:Fighting Discrimination 13609:Fat acceptance movement 13567:Anti-discrimination law 13207:Native American mascots 11993:Crocus City Hall attack 11740:Persecution of Tibetans 11497:French Wars of Religion 11419:Yellow Turban Rebellion 10816:Holsti, Kalevi (1991). 10750:Crowley, Roger (2013). 10696:Burgess, Glenn (1998). 10558:. Library of Congress. 10520:Oxford University Press 10179:William Safran (1998). 9687:"The Jihad That Wasn't" 9463:One Palestine, Complete 9276:Skene, Felicia (1877). 9148:Encyclopædia Britannica 9066:Wolff, Richard (2007). 8972:Guggenberger, Anthony, 8656:Oxford University Press 8498:Niditch, Susan (1995). 8182:Peters, Edward (1998). 8005:Sheiman, Bruce (2009). 7733:Nongbri, Brent (2013). 6898: 6617:: respectively called " 6513:, including the failed 6485:(including support for 6064:All India Muslim League 6050:According to historian 5728:French Wars of Religion 5708:Encyclopædia Britannica 5634:) and the pro-Buddhist 5506:Alfonso VIII of Castile 5445:Cantigas de Santa Maria 4440:The Encyclopedia of War 4255:French Wars of Religion 4247:War of the Three Henrys 3833:Internalized oppression 3687:Fighting Discrimination 3677:Fat acceptance movement 3635:Anti-discrimination law 3263:Native American mascots 1938:Wartime sexual violence 1694:Full-spectrum dominance 1505:Supply-chain management 13876:Social identity threat 13849:Reverse discrimination 13839:Racial color blindness 13319:Violence against women 13299:Sex-selective abortion 11946:Iraqi Turkmen genocide 11922:Maspero demonstrations 11770:Huế Phật Đản shootings 10939:New, David S. (2013). 10855:, Palgrave Macmillan, 10668:Bradbury, Jim (2004). 10281:The Armchair Historian 9927:"The Religious Crisis" 9904:15 August 2011 at the 9746:. Censusindia.gov.in. 9658:Morris, Benny (2008). 9143:"The Wars of Religion" 9112:7 January 2016 at the 8429:regarding these verses 7528:Matthew White (2011). 6495:1975 Algiers Agreement 6338: 5937: 5819: 5624:Soga–Mononobe conflict 5603:Soga–Mononobe conflict 5597:Soga–Mononobe conflict 5520:in battle against the 5504:. The forces of King 5448: 5290:on the origins of the 5283: 5247:First Jewish–Roman War 5042: 5002:First Jewish–Roman War 4986: 4931:(624), and battles in 4921: 4863: 4811:Ottoman wars in Europe 4793:Early Muslim conquests 4728:). It is important in 4603:During the era of the 4585: 4428:of far-right activist 4425:The Irrational Atheist 4232:Definition of religion 4223: 4208: 4130:Jeffrey Burton Russell 4123:definition of religion 4098: 4078: 4059: 4055:A sample scene of the 3952:Social identity threat 3925:Reverse discrimination 3915:Racial color blindness 3373:Violence against women 3353:Sex-selective abortion 1850:Awards and decorations 1823:Peace through strength 1798:Low-intensity conflict 1432:Conscientious objector 1305:Area of responsibility 27:. For other uses, see 13844:Religious intolerance 13804:Political correctness 13634:Intersex human rights 13582:Cultural assimilation 13264:Religious persecution 13028:Disability hate crime 11916:Boko Haram insurgency 11575:Pontic Greek genocide 11485:Ottoman–Habsburg wars 11295:Extrajudicial killing 11072:Religious persecution 10977:The National Interest 10735:Cliff, Nigel (2011). 10512:Sociology of Religion 10429:Hitchens, Christopher 10341:Saddam's Road to Hell 9794:Duke University Press 9685:Gelber, Yoav (2008). 8878:Ullidtz, Per (2014). 8519:: 406. Archived from 8472:. USC. Archived from 8344:Roy, Kaushik (2012). 7839:Müller, Friedrich Max 7452:Entick, John (1763). 6459:(1980–1988), the new 6434:Lebanese Armed Forces 6398:1948 Arab–Israeli War 6394:1958 political crisis 6336: 6066:(AIML) was formed in 6040:1948 Arab–Israeli War 5935: 5791: 5658:Toltec religious wars 5601:Further information: 5540:Further information: 5518:Afonso II of Portugal 5510:Sancho VII of Navarre 5435: 5406:The Crusades against 5362:Frisian–Frankish wars 5279: 5179:Panhellenic sanctuary 5038: 4976: 4961:Further information: 4905: 4858: 4783:Further information: 4674:(a "just war"), to a 4579: 4554:Further information: 4486:Further information: 4350:penance through piety 4219: 4200: 4065: 4054: 3920:Religious intolerance 3880:Political correctness 3702:Intersex human rights 3650:Cultural assimilation 3320:Religious persecution 3084:Disability hate crime 442:Torpedo data computer 432:Ship gun fire-control 13249:Political repression 12255:Anti-left handedness 12245:Anti-intellectualism 11898:September 11 attacks 11834:1984 anti-Sikh riots 11698:Rawalpindi massacres 11644:White Terror (Spain) 11455:Massacre at Ayyadieh 11340:Population cleansing 9720:on 21 November 2018. 9513:12 June 2008 at the 9498:23 July 2008 at the 9306:Morris, Ian (1994). 8284:Tyerman, Christopher 7985:Encyclopedia of Wars 7764:24 June 2011 at the 7637:The Balance of Power 7631:Luard, Evan (1992). 6645:Christopher Hitchens 6609:(1991–1995) and the 6402:Palestinian refugees 6289:improve this section 6103:Dominion of Pakistan 6006:Mandate of Palestine 5987:1929 Palestine riots 5767:Charles I of England 5614:from the kingdom of 5591:Council of Constance 5584:prompted him to urge 5131:Dharamyudh (Sikhism) 4994:Second Temple period 4963:Judaism and violence 4927:Arabs including the 4833:in the east and the 4544:ancient Near Eastern 4434:Encyclopedia of Wars 4411:Encyclopedia of Wars 4286:William T. Cavanaugh 4161:Encyclopedia of Wars 4109:and beliefs. In the 3305:Political repression 2287:Anti-left handedness 2277:Anti-intellectualism 1968:Military occupations 1803:Military engineering 1705:Unrestricted Warfare 1562:Force multiplication 460:Military manoeuvrers 13994:Religious practices 13979:Religion-based wars 13752:Historical eugenics 13289:Segregation academy 13269:Religious terrorism 13058:Enemy of the people 12966:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 12492:Jehovah's Witnesses 12385:Perpetual foreigner 11810:Bangladesh genocide 11790:Cultural Revolution 11782:Xá Lợi Pagoda raids 11545:Circassian genocide 11431:Rhineland massacres 11345:Population transfer 11310:Forced displacement 11122:Jehovah's Witnesses 10620:The Washington Post 10479:]. p. 128. 9979:The Pentagon Papers 8465:Firestone, Reuven. 7339:Bosniaks § Identity 6573:Ali Hassan al-Majid 6569:the spoils (of war) 6539:Tawakalna ala Allah 6455:In the case of the 6347:Palestinian refugee 6213:(1856–1873) by the 6195:Catholic Vietnamese 6105:. In the resulting 5776:legally established 5682:Early modern period 5587:Antipope John XXIII 5467:Knights Hospitaller 5249:(66–73 CE) and the 5245:(167–160 BCE), the 5031:Revisionist Zionism 5004:(66–73 CE) and the 5000:(167–160 BCE), the 4860:Fulani jihad states 4662:Council of Clermont 4650:Albigensian Crusade 4502:classical antiquity 4496:List of war deities 4342:Indian subcontinent 4183:Religious terrorism 4154:religious extremism 3828:Historical eugenics 3343:Segregation academy 3325:Religious terrorism 3114:Enemy of the people 3022:Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric 2532:Jehovah's Witnesses 2417:Perpetual foreigner 1654:Penal military unit 1639:Rules of engagement 1315:Command and control 940:Operations research 404:Director (military) 394:Fire-control system 164:Command and control 45:Part of a series on 25:Religious Wars (EP) 13664:Social integration 13659:Self-determination 13649:Racial integration 13597:Diversity training 13587:Cultural pluralism 13562:Affirmative action 13462:Racial segregation 13372:Crime of apartheid 13274:Religious violence 12784:Indigenous people 12179:Sexual orientation 11904:2002 Gujarat riots 11828:Cambodian genocide 11822:Lebanese Civil War 11600:Soviet persecution 11437:Jerusalem massacre 11350:Sectarian violence 11335:Political violence 11000:The Boston Phoenix 9937:on 4 December 2012 9733:, pp. 221–222 9431:Al Arabiya English 9255:English Wikisource 9202:, p. 198–200. 9190:, p. 196–197. 9120:, Volume 3, 1763, 9000:, p. 428–429. 8988:, Appendix, p. 22. 8479:on 13 October 2016 8423:Muhammad at Medina 7565:on 10 October 2020 7323:Macedonian Muslims 7245: Anti-Jewish 6667:Sudanese Civil War 6637:Bosnian mujahideen 6523:Ayatollah Khomeini 6497:, which had ended 6463:government of the 6392:that preceded the 6367:Christian Lebanese 6357:for the different 6343:Lebanese Civil War 6339: 6257:Lebanese Civil War 6058:Pakistan and India 5967:Israeli parliament 5938: 5824:Ethiopian–Adal War 5820: 5794:Ethiopian–Adal War 5784:Ethiopian–Adal War 5514:Pedro II of Aragon 5477:(such as those of 5449: 5336:were described by 5315:Arian Christianity 5097:. You can help by 4987: 4864: 4862:of Africa, c. 1830 4785:Islam and violence 4660:. In 1095, at the 4586: 4243:wars of succession 4187:Religious violence 4140:, and the wars in 4079: 4060: 3732:Social integration 3727:Self-determination 3717:Racial integration 3665:Diversity training 3655:Cultural pluralism 3630:Affirmative action 3522:Racial segregation 3432:Crime of apartheid 3330:Religious violence 2832:Indigenous people 2203:Sexual orientation 1763:Counter-insurgency 1684:Command of the sea 1629:Jewish laws on war 1604:Geneva Conventions 1140:Divide and conquer 935:Military operation 900:Tactical objective 399:Fire-control radar 376:Electronic-warfare 13966: 13965: 13834:Racism by country 13762:Intersectionality 13747:Heteronormativity 13546:Voter suppression 13294:Sexual harassment 13093:Forced conversion 13013:Cultural genocide 12683:African Americans 12502:post–Cold War era 12487:Eastern Orthodoxy 12240:Anti-drug addicts 12235:Anti-homelessness 12162:Scientific racism 12018: 12017: 11958:Rohingya genocide 11686:Direct Action Day 11638:Šahovići massacre 11588:Armenian genocide 11582:Assyrian genocide 11469:(13th–15th cent.) 11463:(12th–16th cent.) 11461:Northern Crusades 11305:Forced conversion 11255:Cultural genocide 11250:Communal violence 11132:post–Cold War era 11117:Eastern Orthodoxy 10902:978-0-521-68225-1 10739:, HarperCollins, 10405:978-0-415-15977-7 10378:978-1-4985-2248-9 10321:978-0-429-71113-8 10243:978-0-19-022863-7 9803:978-0-8223-4405-6 9610:978-0-87154-073-7 9527:978-0-8133-4047-0 9257:. 15 January 1822 8891:978-87-7145-720-9 8634:978-0-8028-0528-7 8526:on 1 January 2022 8421:William M. Watt: 8393:978-0-271-04214-5 8094:Jonathan Kirsch 8030:Day, Vox (2008). 7993:978-0-8160-2851-1 7959:Andrew Holt, Ph.D 7925:Oxford, Blackwell 7654:978-1-349-21929-2 7559:Andrew Holt, Ph.D 7539:978-0-393-08192-3 7410:978-0-19-538504-5 7272:Odium theologicum 6509:, and exploiting 6325: 6324: 6317: 6251:Uyghur separatism 6211:Panthay Rebellion 6180:Buddhist Uprising 6166:Buddhist uprising 6129:Nigerian conflict 6099:Dominion of India 6033:Palestinian Arabs 6028:), occurred when 5910:Orientalist views 5847:Cristóvão da Gama 5796:, at the peak of 5771:Church of England 5751:English Civil War 5676:Yucatán Peninsula 5670:and followers of 5560:war of succession 5530:Iberian Peninsula 5366:Germanic paganism 5309:' writings, King 5297:Vita Karoli Magni 5263:Milkhemet Mitzvah 5251:Bar Kokhba revolt 5224:Fourth Sacred War 5210:Second Sacred War 5115: 5114: 5021:) in the eyes of 5018:Milkhemet Mitzvah 5006:Bar Kokhba revolt 4957:Milkhemet Mitzvah 4658:Aragonese Crusade 4654:Northern Crusades 4506:Greco-Roman world 4460:Babylonian empire 4361:cultural heritage 4196:war of succession 4159:According to the 4057:Taiping Rebellion 4047: 4046: 3910:Racism by country 3838:Intersectionality 3823:Heteronormativity 3606:Voter suppression 3348:Sexual harassment 3149:Forced conversion 3069:Cultural genocide 2731:African Americans 2542:post–Cold War era 2527:Eastern Orthodoxy 2272:Anti-drug addicts 2267:Anti-homelessness 2186:Scientific racism 2041: 2040: 1933:Horses in warfare 1880:Anti-war movement 1783:Gunboat diplomacy 1773:Disaster response 1721:Philosophy of war 1716:Principles of war 1689:Deterrence theory 1634:Right of conquest 1557:Lanchester's laws 1325:Principles of war 1015:Counter-offensive 1000:Military campaign 905:Target saturation 828:Counterinsurgency 437:Gun data computer 371:Close air support 333:Aircraft carriers 14001: 13956: 13955: 13946: 13945: 13886:Social privilege 13871:Social exclusion 13799:Police brutality 13720:Multiculturalism 13690:Amatonormativity 13521:Social exclusion 13357:Age of candidacy 13157:Homeless dumping 13063:Ethnic cleansing 12045: 12038: 12031: 12022: 12021: 12010: 12009: 11976:2020 Delhi riots 11892:Kosheh massacres 11872:Bosnian genocide 11692:1946 Bihar riots 11355:Social cleansing 11280:Ethnic cleansing 11065: 11058: 11051: 11042: 11041: 11021:Wars of Religion 11010: 11008: 11006: 10972: 10906: 10885: 10883: 10881: 10875: 10833: 10797: 10732: 10730: 10728: 10692: 10690: 10688: 10656: 10642: 10636: 10635: 10630:on 15 May 2008. 10629: 10623:. Archived from 10616: 10608: 10602: 10601: 10599: 10597: 10582: 10576: 10575: 10569: 10567: 10546: 10540: 10539: 10507: 10501: 10500: 10494: 10490: 10488: 10480: 10468: 10462: 10461: 10455: 10453: 10433:"Religion Kills" 10425: 10419: 10416: 10410: 10409: 10389: 10383: 10382: 10362: 10356: 10355: 10353: 10351: 10332: 10326: 10325: 10305: 10292: 10291: 10289: 10287: 10272: 10255: 10254: 10252: 10250: 10217: 10204: 10203: 10201: 10199: 10176: 10170: 10169: 10163: 10155: 10153: 10151: 10136: 10130: 10129: 10127: 10125: 10102: 10096: 10095: 10093: 10091: 10068: 10062: 10061: 10059: 10057: 10039: 10033: 10032: 10030: 10028: 10010: 10004: 10001: 9995: 9994: 9992: 9990: 9971: 9965: 9962: 9956: 9953: 9947: 9946: 9944: 9942: 9923: 9917: 9914: 9908: 9897: 9891: 9890: 9888: 9886: 9866: 9860: 9859: 9857: 9855: 9840: 9834: 9833: 9831: 9829: 9814: 9808: 9807: 9783: 9777: 9766: 9760: 9759: 9757: 9755: 9740: 9734: 9728: 9722: 9721: 9701: 9695: 9694: 9682: 9676: 9675: 9655: 9649: 9633: 9627: 9626: 9624: 9622: 9592: 9586: 9585: 9583: 9581: 9575: 9568: 9560: 9554: 9553: 9540:The Palestinians 9535: 9529: 9489: 9483: 9482: 9466: 9453: 9447: 9446: 9444: 9442: 9423: 9417: 9416: 9414: 9412: 9402: 9395: 9389: 9388: 9386: 9384: 9364: 9358: 9357: 9337: 9331: 9330: 9328: 9326: 9303: 9292: 9291: 9289: 9287: 9273: 9267: 9266: 9264: 9262: 9247: 9241: 9234: 9228: 9221: 9215: 9209: 9203: 9197: 9191: 9185: 9176: 9170: 9161: 9160: 9158: 9156: 9138: 9132: 9101:Israel Mauduit, 9099: 9093: 9090: 9084: 9083: 9063: 9046: 9043: 9037: 9031: 9025: 9019: 9013: 9007: 9001: 8995: 8989: 8983: 8977: 8970: 8964: 8954: 8948: 8942: 8933: 8926: 8920: 8914: 8908: 8902: 8896: 8895: 8875: 8869: 8863: 8852: 8849: 8843: 8837: 8831: 8825: 8819: 8818: 8816: 8814: 8791: 8785: 8784: 8782: 8780: 8757: 8751: 8750: 8748: 8746: 8723: 8714: 8713: 8711: 8709: 8686: 8677: 8676: 8674: 8672: 8645: 8639: 8638: 8618: 8612: 8611: 8609: 8607: 8582: 8573: 8572: 8570: 8568: 8545: 8536: 8535: 8533: 8531: 8525: 8508:Word & World 8504: 8495: 8489: 8488: 8486: 8484: 8478: 8471: 8462: 8456: 8453: 8447: 8441: 8430: 8425:, p.4; q.v. the 8419: 8413: 8412: 8404: 8398: 8397: 8375: 8369: 8368: 8366: 8364: 8341: 8332: 8331: 8323: 8317: 8316: 8314: 8312: 8297: 8291: 8281: 8275: 8274: 8272: 8270: 8259:US Naval Academy 8253:Abels, Richard. 8250: 8244: 8243: 8241: 8239: 8223: 8214: 8213: 8211: 8209: 8179: 8166: 8165: 8163: 8161: 8138: 8129: 8118: 8112: 8105: 8099: 8098:, Penguin, 2005. 8092: 8086: 8083: 8077: 8076: 8074: 8072: 8052: 8046: 8045: 8027: 8021: 8020: 8002: 7996: 7981: 7975: 7974: 7972: 7970: 7950: 7941: 7935: 7926: 7919: 7910: 7903: 7897: 7891: 7885: 7877: 7875: 7873: 7867: 7855: 7849: 7848: 7835: 7829: 7828: 7810: 7801: 7800: 7794: 7783: 7777: 7755: 7749: 7748: 7730: 7721: 7720: 7702: 7691: 7690: 7672: 7666: 7665: 7663: 7661: 7628: 7622: 7621: 7619: 7617: 7594: 7575: 7574: 7572: 7570: 7561:. Archived from 7550: 7544: 7543: 7525: 7519: 7518: 7500: 7491: 7490: 7469: 7460: 7459: 7449: 7440: 7439: 7421: 7415: 7414: 7396: 7385: 7384: 7368: 7358: 7342: 7307: 7301: 7298: 7257: 7255: 7249: 7244: 7238: 7236: 7230: 7228: 7222: 7220: 7214: 7212: 7206: 7204: 7198: 7196: 7190: 7188: 7066: 7064: 7058: 7056: 7050: 7048: 7042: 7040: 7034: 7032: 7026: 7024: 7018: 7016: 7010: 7008: 7002: 7000: 6994: 6992: 6890: 6888: 6882: 6880: 6874: 6869: 6863: 6861: 6855: 6853: 6814: 6812: 6806: 6804: 6798: 6796: 6790: 6788: 6782: 6780: 6527:Islamic republic 6501:support for the 6499:Imperial Iranian 6483:Arab nationalism 6320: 6313: 6309: 6306: 6300: 6269: 6261: 6201:Chinese conflict 6119:Islamic republic 6027: 5989:, including the 5918:Byzantine Empire 5813: 5804: 5736:Thirty Years War 5703:Seven Years' War 5471:Teutonic Knights 5436:A battle of the 5408:Muslim expansion 5307:Gregory of Tours 5301: 5260: 5243:Maccabean Revolt 5239:Rabbinic Judaism 5231:Fifth Sacred War 5217:Third Sacred War 5203:First Sacred War 5191:Temple of Apollo 5110: 5107: 5089: 5082: 5027:Zionist movement 5023:Rabbinic Judaism 5015: 4998:Maccabean Revolt 4990:Reuven Firestone 4919: 4902: 4823:Mongol invasions 4821:, but after the 4803:Muslim conquests 4678:(a "holy war"). 4635:Byzantine Empire 4619:Muslim Conquests 4415:Charles Phillips 4320: 4314: 4303:Seven Years' War 4267:Jacobite risings 4138:Syrian civil war 4103:war and conflict 4075:Battle of Hattin 4039: 4032: 4025: 3962:Social privilege 3947:Social exclusion 3875:Police brutality 3796:Multiculturalism 3766:Amatonormativity 3581:Social exclusion 3417:Age of candidacy 3213:Homeless dumping 3119:Ethnic cleansing 2066: 2043: 2042: 2033: 2026: 2019: 1788:Humanitarian aid 1726:Security dilemma 1547:Power projection 1330:Economy of force 1310:Chain of command 1025:Defence in depth 1010:Commerce raiding 833:Defeat in detail 169:Defense ministry 73: 64: 63: 54: 42: 41: 14009: 14008: 14004: 14003: 14002: 14000: 13999: 13998: 13989:Warfare by type 13969: 13968: 13967: 13962: 13934: 13809:Polyculturalism 13705:Civil liberties 13673: 13654:Reappropriation 13555:Countermeasures 13550: 13479:Racial steering 13445:Numerus clausus 13349: 13343: 13068:Ethnic conflict 13003:Corrective rape 12954: 12601: 12448: 12340:HIV/AIDS stigma 12198: 12147:Mental disorder 12085: 12054: 12049: 12019: 12014: 12004: 11998: 11934:Yazidi genocide 11840:Revival Process 11776:Thích Quảng Đức 11764:Buddhist crisis 11758:Istanbul pogrom 11626:1970–1987 11621:1958–1964 11616:1928–1941 11611:1921–1928 11606:1917–1921 11491:Goa Inquisition 11425:Battle of Tours 11415:(c.550–c. 1200) 11409:(c. 324–c. 491) 11389: 11290:Ethnic violence 11285:Ethnic conflict 11233: 11232: 11231: 11078: 11069: 11017: 11004: 11002: 10990: 10988:Further reading 10969: 10903: 10879: 10877: 10873: 10830: 10786: 10726: 10724: 10714:10.2307/3817797 10686: 10684: 10682: 10664: 10659: 10643: 10639: 10627: 10614: 10610: 10609: 10605: 10595: 10593: 10584: 10583: 10579: 10565: 10563: 10555:Country Studies 10548: 10547: 10543: 10528:10.2307/3712489 10508: 10504: 10492: 10491: 10482: 10481: 10469: 10465: 10451: 10449: 10447: 10426: 10422: 10417: 10413: 10406: 10390: 10386: 10379: 10363: 10359: 10349: 10347: 10333: 10329: 10322: 10306: 10295: 10285: 10283: 10273: 10258: 10248: 10246: 10244: 10218: 10207: 10197: 10195: 10193: 10177: 10173: 10157: 10156: 10149: 10147: 10137: 10133: 10123: 10121: 10119: 10103: 10099: 10089: 10087: 10085: 10069: 10065: 10055: 10053: 10040: 10036: 10026: 10024: 10011: 10007: 10002: 9998: 9988: 9986: 9973: 9972: 9968: 9964:Maclear, p. 63. 9963: 9959: 9954: 9950: 9940: 9938: 9925: 9924: 9920: 9915: 9911: 9906:Wayback Machine 9898: 9894: 9884: 9882: 9867: 9863: 9853: 9851: 9842: 9841: 9837: 9827: 9825: 9815: 9811: 9804: 9784: 9780: 9775:Wayback Machine 9767: 9763: 9753: 9751: 9742: 9741: 9737: 9729: 9725: 9710:Foreign Affairs 9702: 9698: 9683: 9679: 9672: 9656: 9652: 9635:Carter, Jimmy. 9634: 9630: 9620: 9618: 9611: 9593: 9589: 9579: 9577: 9573: 9566: 9562: 9561: 9557: 9550: 9536: 9532: 9515:Wayback Machine 9500:Wayback Machine 9490: 9486: 9479: 9454: 9450: 9440: 9438: 9437:on 2 April 2019 9425: 9424: 9420: 9410: 9408: 9407:. 22 April 2016 9405:Financial Times 9397: 9396: 9392: 9382: 9380: 9373:Huffington Post 9365: 9361: 9338: 9334: 9324: 9322: 9320: 9304: 9295: 9285: 9283: 9274: 9270: 9260: 9258: 9249: 9248: 9244: 9235: 9231: 9222: 9218: 9210: 9206: 9198: 9194: 9186: 9179: 9171: 9164: 9154: 9152: 9139: 9135: 9129:Wayback Machine 9116:. John Entick, 9114:Wayback Machine 9100: 9096: 9091: 9087: 9080: 9064: 9049: 9044: 9040: 9032: 9028: 9020: 9016: 9008: 9004: 8996: 8992: 8984: 8980: 8971: 8967: 8955: 8951: 8943: 8936: 8927: 8923: 8915: 8911: 8903: 8899: 8892: 8876: 8872: 8864: 8855: 8850: 8846: 8838: 8834: 8826: 8822: 8812: 8810: 8808: 8792: 8788: 8778: 8776: 8774: 8758: 8754: 8744: 8742: 8740: 8724: 8717: 8707: 8705: 8703: 8687: 8680: 8670: 8668: 8666: 8646: 8642: 8635: 8619: 8615: 8605: 8603: 8601: 8583: 8576: 8566: 8564: 8562: 8546: 8539: 8529: 8527: 8523: 8517:Luther Seminary 8502: 8496: 8492: 8482: 8480: 8476: 8469: 8463: 8459: 8454: 8450: 8442: 8433: 8420: 8416: 8405: 8401: 8394: 8376: 8372: 8362: 8360: 8358: 8342: 8335: 8324: 8320: 8310: 8308: 8299: 8298: 8294: 8282: 8278: 8268: 8266: 8251: 8247: 8237: 8235: 8226:Levine, David. 8224: 8217: 8207: 8205: 8198: 8180: 8169: 8159: 8157: 8155: 8139: 8132: 8119: 8115: 8106: 8102: 8093: 8089: 8084: 8080: 8070: 8068: 8061:Huffington Post 8053: 8049: 8042: 8028: 8024: 8017: 8003: 7999: 7982: 7978: 7968: 7966: 7951: 7944: 7936: 7929: 7920: 7913: 7905:Neil McMullin. 7904: 7900: 7879: 7878: 7871: 7869: 7865: 7861: 7856: 7852: 7836: 7832: 7825: 7811: 7804: 7792: 7784: 7780: 7770:Solomon Zeitlin 7768:, p. 3, citing 7766:Wayback Machine 7756: 7752: 7745: 7731: 7724: 7717: 7703: 7694: 7687: 7673: 7669: 7659: 7657: 7655: 7629: 7625: 7615: 7613: 7611: 7595: 7578: 7568: 7566: 7551: 7547: 7540: 7526: 7522: 7515: 7501: 7494: 7484: 7470: 7463: 7450: 7443: 7436: 7422: 7418: 7411: 7397: 7388: 7381: 7359: 7355: 7351: 7346: 7345: 7308: 7304: 7299: 7290: 7285: 7268: 7262: 7260: 7253: 7252: 7242: 7241: 7234: 7233: 7226: 7225: 7218: 7217: 7210: 7209: 7202: 7201: 7194: 7193: 7186: 7185: 7181: 7180: 7178: 7077: 7071: 7069: 7062: 7061: 7054: 7053: 7046: 7045: 7038: 7037: 7030: 7029: 7022: 7021: 7014: 7013: 7006: 7005: 6998: 6997: 6990: 6989: 6985: 6984: 6982: 6901: 6895: 6893: 6886: 6885: 6878: 6877: 6867: 6866: 6859: 6858: 6851: 6850: 6846: 6845: 6843: 6825: 6819: 6817: 6810: 6809: 6802: 6801: 6794: 6793: 6786: 6785: 6778: 6777: 6773: 6772: 6770: 6734: 6733: 6731: 6714: 6713: 6711: 6694: 6689: 6669: 6603: 6597: 6453: 6400:, an exodus of 6331: 6321: 6310: 6304: 6301: 6286: 6270: 6259: 6203: 6168: 6137: 6131: 6123:Muslim majority 6076:Divide and Rule 6060: 5951:State of Israel 5946:ethnic conflict 5930: 5872: 5867: 5818: 5811: 5809: 5802: 5786: 5759:Parliamentarian 5695: 5689: 5684: 5660: 5605: 5599: 5589:to convene the 5544: 5538: 5463:Knights Templar 5430: 5424: 5384: 5378: 5303: 5285: 5277: 5272: 5175:Greek antiquity 5171: 5166: 5165: 5134: 5126: 5121: 5111: 5105: 5102: 5095:needs expansion 5080: 5029:, particularly 4971: 4965: 4959: 4953: 4920: 4912: 4897: 4850:Islamic empires 4799: 4797:Ghazi (warrior) 4781: 4734:epic literature 4712: 4706:Hindu terrorism 4690: 4684: 4644:expansion into 4610:Milites Christi 4574: 4552: 4528:Hans M. Barstad 4498: 4488:Ancient warfare 4484: 4468:Assyrian empire 4448: 4388: 4378: 4269:(including the 4238: 4228: 4211:Philip Benedict 4189: 4179:Just war theory 4175: 4087:war of religion 4071:Guy of Lusignan 4043: 4014: 4013: 4012: 4011: 4010: 3885:Polyculturalism 3781:Civil liberties 3753: 3745: 3744: 3743: 3742: 3741: 3722:Reappropriation 3622: 3621:Countermeasures 3614: 3613: 3612: 3611: 3610: 3539:Racial steering 3505:Numerus clausus 3409: 3401: 3400: 3399: 3398: 3397: 3124:Ethnic conflict 3059:Corrective rape 3014: 3006: 3005: 3004: 3003: 3002: 2656: 2645: 2644: 2643: 2642: 2641: 2494: 2484: 2483: 2482: 2481: 2480: 2372:HIV/AIDS stigma 2234: 2226: 2225: 2224: 2223: 2222: 2171:Mental disorder 2113: 2105: 2104: 2103: 2102: 2101: 2074: 2037: 2008: 2007: 1958: 1948: 1947: 1913: 1905: 1904: 1845: 1835: 1834: 1808:Multilateralism 1793:Law enforcement 1753: 1743: 1742: 1711:Just war theory 1669: 1659: 1658: 1609:Geneva Protocol 1579: 1569: 1568: 1542: 1532: 1531: 1473: 1463: 1462: 1370: 1360: 1359: 1300: 1290: 1289: 1255: 1245: 1244: 1175:Network-centric 1095: 1085: 1084: 992: 982: 981: 930: 920: 919: 868:Rapid dominance 773: 763: 762: 718:Electromagnetic 627: 617: 616: 603: 556: 504: 480: 470: 469: 465:Combat training 446: 423: 389:Combat systems: 385: 347: 343:Auxiliary ships 309: 269: 265:Military police 231: 154: 144: 143: 83: 57: 56: 55: 50: 40: 17: 12: 11: 5: 14007: 13997: 13996: 13991: 13986: 13981: 13964: 13963: 13961: 13960: 13950: 13939: 13936: 13935: 13933: 13932: 13927: 13926: 13925: 13915: 13910: 13905: 13904: 13903: 13898: 13893: 13883: 13878: 13873: 13868: 13863: 13858: 13857: 13856: 13854:Reverse racism 13846: 13841: 13836: 13831: 13826: 13824:Prisoner abuse 13821: 13816: 13814:Power distance 13811: 13806: 13801: 13796: 13791: 13786: 13781: 13780: 13779: 13769: 13764: 13759: 13754: 13749: 13744: 13739: 13734: 13732:Ethnic penalty 13729: 13728: 13727: 13725:Neurodiversity 13722: 13712: 13710:Dehumanization 13707: 13702: 13700:Cisnormativity 13697: 13692: 13687: 13681: 13679: 13678:Related topics 13675: 13674: 13672: 13671: 13666: 13661: 13656: 13651: 13646: 13641: 13636: 13631: 13626: 13621: 13616: 13611: 13606: 13601: 13600: 13599: 13589: 13584: 13579: 13574: 13569: 13564: 13558: 13556: 13552: 13551: 13549: 13548: 13543: 13538: 13536:State religion 13533: 13528: 13523: 13518: 13517: 13516: 13511: 13506: 13501: 13491: 13486: 13481: 13476: 13475: 13474: 13472:Nuremberg Laws 13469: 13459: 13454: 13449: 13441: 13436: 13431: 13426: 13421: 13416: 13414:Ghetto benches 13411: 13409:Gerrymandering 13406: 13401: 13396: 13394:Gender pay gap 13391: 13390: 13389: 13384: 13374: 13369: 13364: 13359: 13353: 13351: 13348:Discriminatory 13345: 13344: 13342: 13341: 13336: 13331: 13326: 13321: 13316: 13311: 13306: 13301: 13296: 13291: 13286: 13281: 13276: 13271: 13266: 13261: 13256: 13251: 13246: 13241: 13236: 13231: 13226: 13225: 13224: 13219: 13214: 13204: 13199: 13194: 13189: 13184: 13179: 13177:Lavender scare 13174: 13172:Kill Haole Day 13169: 13167:Indian rolling 13164: 13159: 13154: 13149: 13144: 13143: 13142: 13132: 13127: 13126: 13125: 13115: 13110: 13105: 13100: 13095: 13090: 13085: 13080: 13075: 13070: 13065: 13060: 13055: 13053:Eliminationism 13050: 13045: 13040: 13035: 13030: 13025: 13020: 13015: 13010: 13005: 13000: 12995: 12990: 12988:Cancel culture 12985: 12980: 12975: 12974: 12973: 12962: 12960: 12959:Manifestations 12956: 12955: 12953: 12952: 12947: 12942: 12937: 12932: 12927: 12922: 12917: 12912: 12907: 12902: 12897: 12892: 12887: 12882: 12877: 12872: 12867: 12862: 12857: 12855:Middle Eastern 12852: 12847: 12842: 12837: 12832: 12827: 12822: 12817: 12812: 12807: 12802: 12801: 12800: 12795: 12790: 12782: 12777: 12772: 12767: 12762: 12757: 12752: 12747: 12742: 12737: 12732: 12727: 12722: 12717: 12712: 12707: 12702: 12697: 12696: 12695: 12690: 12685: 12675: 12670: 12665: 12664: 12663: 12658: 12653: 12643: 12638: 12633: 12628: 12623: 12618: 12612: 12610: 12603: 12602: 12600: 12599: 12597:Zoroastrianism 12594: 12589: 12584: 12579: 12574: 12573: 12572: 12562: 12561: 12560: 12559: 12558: 12553: 12548: 12543: 12528: 12527: 12526: 12524:Untouchability 12521: 12511: 12506: 12505: 12504: 12499: 12494: 12489: 12484: 12474: 12469: 12464: 12458: 12456: 12450: 12449: 12447: 12446: 12441: 12436: 12435: 12434: 12429: 12424: 12414: 12413: 12412: 12407: 12397: 12392: 12387: 12382: 12377: 12372: 12367: 12362: 12357: 12352: 12350:Leprosy stigma 12347: 12342: 12337: 12332: 12327: 12322: 12317: 12312: 12307: 12302: 12297: 12292: 12287: 12282: 12277: 12272: 12267: 12262: 12257: 12252: 12247: 12242: 12237: 12232: 12227: 12222: 12217: 12212: 12206: 12204: 12200: 12199: 12197: 12196: 12191: 12186: 12181: 12176: 12171: 12166: 12165: 12164: 12159: 12149: 12144: 12139: 12134: 12129: 12124: 12119: 12114: 12109: 12104: 12099: 12093: 12091: 12087: 12086: 12084: 12083: 12078: 12073: 12068: 12062: 12060: 12056: 12055: 12052:Discrimination 12048: 12047: 12040: 12033: 12025: 12016: 12015: 12003: 12000: 11999: 11997: 11996: 11990: 11985: 11979: 11973: 11967: 11961: 11960:(2016–ongoing) 11955: 11954:(2014–ongoing) 11949: 11943: 11942:(2014–ongoing) 11937: 11931: 11925: 11919: 11918:(2009–ongoing) 11913: 11912:(2004–ongoing) 11907: 11901: 11895: 11889: 11883: 11882: 11881: 11875: 11869: 11857: 11851: 11850: 11849: 11837: 11831: 11825: 11819: 11818:(1971–ongoing) 11813: 11807: 11806: 11805: 11799: 11787: 11786: 11785: 11779: 11773: 11761: 11755: 11754:(1953–ongoing) 11749: 11743: 11742:(1950–ongoing) 11737: 11736:(1949–ongoing) 11731: 11725: 11719: 11718:(1947–ongoing) 11713: 11712:(1947–ongoing) 11707: 11706:(1947–ongoing) 11701: 11695: 11689: 11683: 11680:Noakhali riots 11677: 11671: 11665: 11659: 11653: 11647: 11641: 11635: 11634: 11633: 11628: 11623: 11618: 11613: 11608: 11597: 11591: 11585: 11579: 11578: 11577: 11569:Greek genocide 11566: 11560: 11557:Adana massacre 11554: 11548: 11542: 11536: 11530: 11524: 11518: 11512: 11506: 11500: 11494: 11488: 11482: 11476: 11470: 11464: 11458: 11452: 11446: 11440: 11434: 11428: 11422: 11421:(c.184–c. 205) 11416: 11410: 11404: 11397: 11395: 11391: 11390: 11388: 11387: 11382: 11377: 11372: 11370:State religion 11367: 11362: 11357: 11352: 11347: 11342: 11337: 11332: 11327: 11322: 11317: 11312: 11307: 11302: 11297: 11292: 11287: 11282: 11277: 11275:Discrimination 11272: 11267: 11262: 11257: 11252: 11247: 11241: 11239: 11235: 11234: 11230: 11229: 11227:Zoroastrianism 11224: 11219: 11214: 11209: 11204: 11203: 11202: 11192: 11191: 11190: 11189: 11188: 11183: 11178: 11173: 11158: 11157: 11156: 11154:Untouchability 11151: 11141: 11136: 11135: 11134: 11129: 11124: 11119: 11114: 11104: 11099: 11094: 11088: 11087: 11086: 11084: 11080: 11079: 11076:discrimination 11068: 11067: 11060: 11053: 11045: 11039: 11038: 11033: 11028: 11023: 11016: 11015:External links 11013: 11012: 11011: 10989: 10986: 10985: 10984: 10973: 10968:978-0313337345 10967: 10952: 10937: 10922: 10907: 10901: 10886: 10864: 10863:(2013 reprint) 10851:Kirby, Dianne 10849: 10834: 10828: 10813: 10798: 10784: 10763: 10748: 10733: 10693: 10680: 10663: 10660: 10658: 10657: 10637: 10603: 10577: 10541: 10502: 10493:|journal= 10463: 10445: 10420: 10411: 10404: 10384: 10377: 10357: 10327: 10320: 10293: 10256: 10242: 10205: 10191: 10171: 10131: 10117: 10097: 10083: 10063: 10034: 10005: 9996: 9966: 9957: 9948: 9918: 9909: 9892: 9861: 9835: 9809: 9802: 9778: 9761: 9735: 9723: 9696: 9677: 9670: 9650: 9628: 9609: 9587: 9555: 9548: 9530: 9484: 9477: 9448: 9418: 9390: 9359: 9332: 9318: 9293: 9268: 9242: 9229: 9216: 9214:, p. 201. 9204: 9192: 9177: 9175:, p. 175. 9162: 9133: 9094: 9085: 9079:978-0736920070 9078: 9047: 9038: 9026: 9014: 9012:, p. 429. 9002: 8990: 8978: 8965: 8949: 8947:, p. 314. 8934: 8921: 8909: 8907:, p. 126. 8897: 8890: 8870: 8853: 8844: 8842:, p. 127. 8832: 8829:s.v. "Delphi". 8820: 8806: 8786: 8772: 8752: 8738: 8715: 8701: 8678: 8664: 8658:. p. 76. 8640: 8633: 8613: 8599: 8574: 8560: 8537: 8490: 8457: 8448: 8444:Firestone 2012 8431: 8414: 8399: 8392: 8370: 8356: 8333: 8318: 8307:on 9 July 2008 8292: 8276: 8245: 8215: 8196: 8184:"Introduction" 8167: 8153: 8130: 8113: 8109:Greek Religion 8100: 8087: 8078: 8047: 8041:978-1933771366 8040: 8022: 8016:978-1592578542 8015: 7997: 7976: 7942: 7940:, p. 308. 7927: 7911: 7898: 7858:Kuroda, Toshio 7850: 7830: 7824:978-0226412344 7823: 7802: 7778: 7750: 7744:978-0300154160 7743: 7722: 7716:978-0226184487 7715: 7692: 7685: 7667: 7653: 7623: 7609: 7576: 7545: 7538: 7520: 7513: 7492: 7482: 7461: 7441: 7434: 7416: 7409: 7386: 7379: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7344: 7343: 7302: 7287: 7286: 7284: 7281: 7280: 7279: 7274: 7267: 7264: 7259: 7258: 7250: 7239: 7231: 7223: 7215: 7207: 7199: 7191: 7182: 7079: 7078: 7076: 7073: 7068: 7067: 7059: 7051: 7043: 7035: 7027: 7019: 7011: 7003: 6995: 6986: 6903: 6902: 6900: 6897: 6892: 6891: 6883: 6875: 6864: 6856: 6847: 6827: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6816: 6815: 6807: 6799: 6791: 6783: 6774: 6736: 6735: 6716: 6715: 6696: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6677:ethnoreligious 6668: 6665: 6596: 6593: 6565:Battle of Badr 6545:Anfal campaign 6519:launch the war 6479:Ba'athist Iraq 6475:Saddam Hussein 6452: 6449: 6382:Ottoman Empire 6323: 6322: 6305:September 2019 6273: 6271: 6264: 6258: 6255: 6202: 6199: 6167: 6164: 6156:2010 Jos riots 6130: 6127: 6115:Hindu majority 6111:secular nation 6059: 6056: 5929: 5926: 5906:Romantic ideas 5880:Ottoman Empire 5871: 5868: 5866: 5863: 5832:Adal Sultanate 5810: 5807:Adal Sultanate 5801: 5785: 5782: 5691:Main article: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5659: 5656: 5652:Prince Shotoku 5648:Emperor Kinmei 5598: 5595: 5537: 5534: 5426:Main article: 5423: 5420: 5416:Ottoman Empire 5380:Main article: 5377: 5374: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5235: 5234: 5227: 5220: 5213: 5206: 5170: 5167: 5135: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5113: 5112: 5092: 5090: 5079: 5076: 5048:, such as the 4955:Main article: 4952: 4949: 4929:Battle of Badr 4910: 4835:Ottoman Empire 4780: 4777: 4686:Main article: 4683: 4680: 4551: 4548: 4483: 4480: 4447: 4444: 4409:In their 1997 4377: 4374: 4227: 4224: 4174: 4171: 4150:fundamentalism 4099:sanctum bellum 4045: 4044: 4042: 4041: 4034: 4027: 4019: 4016: 4015: 4009: 4008: 4003: 4002: 4001: 3991: 3986: 3981: 3980: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3959: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3933: 3932: 3930:Reverse racism 3922: 3917: 3912: 3907: 3902: 3900:Prisoner abuse 3897: 3892: 3890:Power distance 3887: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3867: 3862: 3857: 3856: 3855: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3815: 3810: 3808:Ethnic penalty 3805: 3804: 3803: 3801:Neurodiversity 3798: 3788: 3786:Dehumanization 3783: 3778: 3776:Cisnormativity 3773: 3768: 3763: 3757: 3756: 3755: 3754: 3752:Related topics 3751: 3750: 3747: 3746: 3740: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3714: 3709: 3704: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3668: 3667: 3657: 3652: 3647: 3642: 3637: 3632: 3626: 3625: 3624: 3623: 3620: 3619: 3616: 3615: 3609: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3596:State religion 3593: 3588: 3583: 3578: 3577: 3576: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3551: 3546: 3541: 3536: 3535: 3534: 3532:Nuremberg Laws 3529: 3519: 3514: 3509: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3474:Ghetto benches 3471: 3469:Gerrymandering 3466: 3461: 3456: 3454:Gender pay gap 3451: 3450: 3449: 3444: 3434: 3429: 3424: 3419: 3413: 3412: 3411: 3410: 3407: 3406: 3403: 3402: 3396: 3395: 3390: 3385: 3380: 3375: 3370: 3365: 3360: 3355: 3350: 3345: 3340: 3335: 3332: 3327: 3322: 3317: 3312: 3307: 3302: 3297: 3292: 3287: 3282: 3281: 3280: 3275: 3270: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3235: 3233:Lavender scare 3230: 3228:Kill Haole Day 3225: 3223:Indian rolling 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3199: 3198: 3188: 3183: 3182: 3181: 3171: 3166: 3161: 3156: 3151: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3126: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3109:Eliminationism 3106: 3101: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3081: 3076: 3071: 3066: 3061: 3056: 3051: 3046: 3044:Cancel culture 3041: 3036: 3031: 3030: 3029: 3018: 3017: 3016: 3015: 3013:Manifestations 3012: 3011: 3008: 3007: 3001: 3000: 2995: 2990: 2985: 2980: 2975: 2970: 2965: 2960: 2955: 2950: 2945: 2940: 2935: 2930: 2925: 2920: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2903:Middle Eastern 2900: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2875: 2870: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2850: 2849: 2848: 2843: 2838: 2830: 2825: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2800: 2795: 2790: 2785: 2780: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2760: 2755: 2750: 2745: 2744: 2743: 2738: 2733: 2723: 2718: 2713: 2712: 2711: 2706: 2701: 2691: 2686: 2681: 2676: 2671: 2666: 2660: 2659: 2658: 2657: 2651: 2650: 2647: 2646: 2640: 2639: 2637:Zoroastrianism 2634: 2629: 2624: 2619: 2614: 2613: 2612: 2602: 2601: 2600: 2599: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2568: 2567: 2566: 2564:Untouchability 2561: 2551: 2546: 2545: 2544: 2539: 2534: 2529: 2524: 2514: 2509: 2504: 2498: 2497: 2496: 2495: 2490: 2489: 2486: 2485: 2479: 2478: 2473: 2468: 2467: 2466: 2461: 2456: 2446: 2445: 2444: 2439: 2429: 2424: 2419: 2414: 2409: 2404: 2399: 2394: 2389: 2384: 2382:Leprosy stigma 2379: 2374: 2369: 2364: 2359: 2354: 2349: 2344: 2339: 2334: 2329: 2324: 2319: 2314: 2309: 2304: 2299: 2294: 2289: 2284: 2279: 2274: 2269: 2264: 2259: 2254: 2249: 2244: 2238: 2237: 2236: 2235: 2232: 2231: 2228: 2227: 2221: 2220: 2215: 2210: 2205: 2200: 2195: 2190: 2189: 2188: 2183: 2173: 2168: 2163: 2158: 2153: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2117: 2116: 2115: 2114: 2111: 2110: 2107: 2106: 2100: 2099: 2094: 2089: 2084: 2078: 2077: 2076: 2075: 2072: 2071: 2068: 2067: 2059: 2058: 2056:Discrimination 2052: 2051: 2039: 2038: 2036: 2035: 2028: 2021: 2013: 2010: 2009: 2006: 2005: 2000: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1973:Military terms 1970: 1965: 1959: 1954: 1953: 1950: 1949: 1946: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1914: 1911: 1910: 1907: 1906: 1903: 1902: 1897: 1892: 1887: 1882: 1877: 1872: 1867: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1846: 1841: 1840: 1837: 1836: 1833: 1832: 1827: 1826: 1825: 1820: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1790: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1770: 1765: 1760: 1754: 1749: 1748: 1745: 1744: 1741: 1740: 1735: 1734: 1733: 1731:Tripwire force 1723: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1686: 1681: 1676: 1670: 1665: 1664: 1661: 1660: 1657: 1656: 1651: 1646: 1641: 1636: 1631: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1596: 1591: 1586: 1580: 1575: 1574: 1571: 1570: 1567: 1566: 1565: 1564: 1554: 1549: 1543: 1538: 1537: 1534: 1533: 1530: 1529: 1528: 1527: 1522: 1517: 1507: 1502: 1501: 1500: 1495: 1485: 1480: 1474: 1469: 1468: 1465: 1464: 1461: 1460: 1451: 1446: 1445: 1444: 1434: 1429: 1424: 1419: 1414: 1409: 1404: 1399: 1394: 1389: 1384: 1383: 1382: 1371: 1366: 1365: 1362: 1361: 1358: 1357: 1352: 1347: 1342: 1337: 1332: 1327: 1322: 1317: 1312: 1307: 1301: 1296: 1295: 1292: 1291: 1288: 1287: 1282: 1277: 1272: 1267: 1262: 1256: 1253:Administrative 1251: 1250: 1247: 1246: 1243: 1242: 1237: 1232: 1227: 1222: 1217: 1212: 1207: 1202: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1182: 1180:New generation 1177: 1172: 1167: 1162: 1157: 1155:Fleet in being 1152: 1147: 1142: 1137: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1112: 1107: 1102: 1096: 1093:Grand strategy 1091: 1090: 1087: 1086: 1083: 1082: 1080:Scorched earth 1077: 1072: 1067: 1062: 1057: 1052: 1047: 1042: 1037: 1032: 1027: 1022: 1017: 1012: 1007: 1002: 993: 988: 987: 984: 983: 980: 979: 974: 969: 964: 959: 957:Deep operation 954: 949: 942: 937: 931: 926: 925: 922: 921: 918: 917: 912: 907: 902: 897: 892: 887: 886: 885: 875: 870: 865: 860: 855: 850: 845: 840: 835: 830: 825: 820: 815: 810: 805: 804: 803: 798: 793: 783: 774: 769: 768: 765: 764: 761: 760: 758:Unconventional 755: 750: 745: 740: 735: 730: 725: 720: 715: 706: 704:Disinformation 701: 696: 691: 686: 681: 676: 675: 674: 669: 659: 654: 649: 644: 639: 634: 628: 623: 622: 619: 618: 615: 614: 609: 602: 601: 600: 599: 598: 597: 587: 582: 577: 572: 567: 555: 554: 553: 552: 551: 550: 540: 535: 530: 525: 520: 515: 503: 502: 501: 500: 495: 490: 481: 476: 475: 472: 471: 468: 467: 462: 457: 455:Basic training 452: 445: 444: 439: 434: 429: 422: 421: 416: 411: 406: 401: 396: 391: 384: 383: 381:Reconnaissance 378: 373: 368: 363: 358: 353: 346: 345: 340: 335: 330: 325: 320: 315: 308: 307: 302: 300:Special forces 297: 292: 291: 290: 280: 275: 268: 267: 262: 257: 255:Reconnaissance 252: 247: 242: 237: 230: 229: 220: 215: 206: 201: 196: 191: 186: 181: 176: 171: 166: 161: 155: 150: 149: 146: 145: 142: 141: 140: 139: 134: 124: 123: 122: 117: 107: 106: 105: 98:Post-classical 95: 90: 84: 79: 78: 75: 74: 66: 65: 47: 46: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14006: 13995: 13992: 13990: 13987: 13985: 13982: 13980: 13977: 13976: 13974: 13959: 13951: 13949: 13941: 13940: 13937: 13931: 13928: 13924: 13921: 13920: 13919: 13916: 13914: 13911: 13909: 13908:Social stigma 13906: 13902: 13899: 13897: 13894: 13892: 13889: 13888: 13887: 13884: 13882: 13879: 13877: 13874: 13872: 13869: 13867: 13864: 13862: 13859: 13855: 13852: 13851: 13850: 13847: 13845: 13842: 13840: 13837: 13835: 13832: 13830: 13827: 13825: 13822: 13820: 13817: 13815: 13812: 13810: 13807: 13805: 13802: 13800: 13797: 13795: 13792: 13790: 13787: 13785: 13782: 13778: 13775: 13774: 13773: 13770: 13768: 13765: 13763: 13760: 13758: 13755: 13753: 13750: 13748: 13745: 13743: 13740: 13738: 13735: 13733: 13730: 13726: 13723: 13721: 13718: 13717: 13716: 13713: 13711: 13708: 13706: 13703: 13701: 13698: 13696: 13693: 13691: 13688: 13686: 13683: 13682: 13680: 13676: 13670: 13667: 13665: 13662: 13660: 13657: 13655: 13652: 13650: 13647: 13645: 13642: 13640: 13637: 13635: 13632: 13630: 13627: 13625: 13622: 13620: 13617: 13615: 13612: 13610: 13607: 13605: 13602: 13598: 13595: 13594: 13593: 13590: 13588: 13585: 13583: 13580: 13578: 13575: 13573: 13570: 13568: 13565: 13563: 13560: 13559: 13557: 13553: 13547: 13544: 13542: 13539: 13537: 13534: 13532: 13531:State atheism 13529: 13527: 13524: 13522: 13519: 13515: 13512: 13510: 13507: 13505: 13502: 13500: 13497: 13496: 13495: 13492: 13490: 13487: 13485: 13482: 13480: 13477: 13473: 13470: 13468: 13467:Jim Crow laws 13465: 13464: 13463: 13460: 13458: 13455: 13453: 13452:One-drop rule 13450: 13448: 13446: 13442: 13440: 13437: 13435: 13432: 13430: 13427: 13425: 13422: 13420: 13417: 13415: 13412: 13410: 13407: 13405: 13402: 13400: 13397: 13395: 13392: 13388: 13385: 13383: 13380: 13379: 13378: 13375: 13373: 13370: 13368: 13367:Blood quantum 13365: 13363: 13360: 13358: 13355: 13354: 13352: 13346: 13340: 13337: 13335: 13332: 13330: 13327: 13325: 13322: 13320: 13317: 13315: 13314:Victimisation 13312: 13310: 13309:Trans bashing 13307: 13305: 13302: 13300: 13297: 13295: 13292: 13290: 13287: 13285: 13282: 13280: 13279:Religious war 13277: 13275: 13272: 13270: 13267: 13265: 13262: 13260: 13259:Racialization 13257: 13255: 13252: 13250: 13247: 13245: 13242: 13240: 13237: 13235: 13232: 13230: 13227: 13223: 13220: 13218: 13215: 13213: 13210: 13209: 13208: 13205: 13203: 13200: 13198: 13195: 13193: 13190: 13188: 13185: 13183: 13180: 13178: 13175: 13173: 13170: 13168: 13165: 13163: 13160: 13158: 13155: 13153: 13150: 13148: 13145: 13141: 13138: 13137: 13136: 13133: 13131: 13130:Glass ceiling 13128: 13124: 13121: 13120: 13119: 13116: 13114: 13111: 13109: 13106: 13104: 13101: 13099: 13096: 13094: 13091: 13089: 13086: 13084: 13081: 13079: 13076: 13074: 13073:Ethnic hatred 13071: 13069: 13066: 13064: 13061: 13059: 13056: 13054: 13051: 13049: 13046: 13044: 13041: 13039: 13036: 13034: 13031: 13029: 13026: 13024: 13021: 13019: 13016: 13014: 13011: 13009: 13008:Counter-jihad 13006: 13004: 13001: 12999: 12996: 12994: 12991: 12989: 12986: 12984: 12981: 12979: 12976: 12972: 12969: 12968: 12967: 12964: 12963: 12961: 12957: 12951: 12948: 12946: 12943: 12941: 12938: 12936: 12933: 12931: 12928: 12926: 12923: 12921: 12918: 12916: 12913: 12911: 12908: 12906: 12903: 12901: 12898: 12896: 12893: 12891: 12888: 12886: 12883: 12881: 12878: 12876: 12873: 12871: 12868: 12866: 12863: 12861: 12858: 12856: 12853: 12851: 12848: 12846: 12843: 12841: 12838: 12836: 12833: 12831: 12828: 12826: 12823: 12821: 12818: 12816: 12813: 12811: 12808: 12806: 12803: 12799: 12798:United States 12796: 12794: 12791: 12789: 12786: 12785: 12783: 12781: 12778: 12776: 12773: 12771: 12768: 12766: 12763: 12761: 12758: 12756: 12753: 12751: 12748: 12746: 12743: 12741: 12738: 12736: 12733: 12731: 12728: 12726: 12723: 12721: 12718: 12716: 12713: 12711: 12708: 12706: 12703: 12701: 12698: 12694: 12691: 12689: 12686: 12684: 12681: 12680: 12679: 12676: 12674: 12671: 12669: 12666: 12662: 12661:United States 12659: 12657: 12654: 12652: 12649: 12648: 12647: 12644: 12642: 12639: 12637: 12634: 12632: 12629: 12627: 12624: 12622: 12619: 12617: 12614: 12613: 12611: 12609: 12604: 12598: 12595: 12593: 12590: 12588: 12585: 12583: 12582:Protestantism 12580: 12578: 12575: 12571: 12568: 12567: 12566: 12563: 12557: 12554: 12552: 12549: 12547: 12544: 12542: 12539: 12538: 12537: 12534: 12533: 12532: 12529: 12525: 12522: 12520: 12517: 12516: 12515: 12512: 12510: 12507: 12503: 12500: 12498: 12497:LDS or Mormon 12495: 12493: 12490: 12488: 12485: 12483: 12480: 12479: 12478: 12475: 12473: 12470: 12468: 12465: 12463: 12460: 12459: 12457: 12455: 12451: 12445: 12442: 12440: 12437: 12433: 12430: 12428: 12427:Transmisogyny 12425: 12423: 12420: 12419: 12418: 12415: 12411: 12408: 12406: 12403: 12402: 12401: 12398: 12396: 12393: 12391: 12388: 12386: 12383: 12381: 12378: 12376: 12373: 12371: 12368: 12366: 12363: 12361: 12358: 12356: 12353: 12351: 12348: 12346: 12343: 12341: 12338: 12336: 12333: 12331: 12330:Gerontophobia 12328: 12326: 12323: 12321: 12318: 12316: 12313: 12311: 12308: 12306: 12303: 12301: 12298: 12296: 12293: 12291: 12288: 12286: 12283: 12281: 12278: 12276: 12273: 12271: 12268: 12266: 12263: 12261: 12258: 12256: 12253: 12251: 12250:Anti-intersex 12248: 12246: 12243: 12241: 12238: 12236: 12233: 12231: 12228: 12226: 12225:Anti-albinism 12223: 12221: 12218: 12216: 12213: 12211: 12208: 12207: 12205: 12201: 12195: 12192: 12190: 12187: 12185: 12182: 12180: 12177: 12175: 12172: 12170: 12167: 12163: 12160: 12158: 12155: 12154: 12153: 12150: 12148: 12145: 12143: 12140: 12138: 12135: 12133: 12130: 12128: 12125: 12123: 12120: 12118: 12115: 12113: 12110: 12108: 12105: 12103: 12100: 12098: 12095: 12094: 12092: 12088: 12082: 12079: 12077: 12074: 12072: 12069: 12067: 12066:Institutional 12064: 12063: 12061: 12057: 12053: 12046: 12041: 12039: 12034: 12032: 12027: 12026: 12023: 12013: 12008: 12001: 11994: 11991: 11989: 11986: 11983: 11980: 11977: 11974: 11971: 11968: 11965: 11962: 11959: 11956: 11953: 11950: 11947: 11944: 11941: 11938: 11935: 11932: 11929: 11926: 11923: 11920: 11917: 11914: 11911: 11908: 11905: 11902: 11899: 11896: 11893: 11890: 11887: 11884: 11879: 11876: 11873: 11870: 11867: 11864: 11863: 11861: 11860:Yugoslav Wars 11858: 11855: 11852: 11847: 11846:Big Excursion 11844: 11843: 11841: 11838: 11835: 11832: 11829: 11826: 11823: 11820: 11817: 11814: 11811: 11808: 11803: 11800: 11797: 11794: 11793: 11791: 11788: 11783: 11780: 11777: 11774: 11771: 11768: 11767: 11765: 11762: 11759: 11756: 11753: 11750: 11747: 11744: 11741: 11738: 11735: 11732: 11729: 11726: 11723: 11720: 11717: 11714: 11711: 11708: 11705: 11702: 11699: 11696: 11693: 11690: 11687: 11684: 11681: 11678: 11675: 11672: 11669: 11666: 11663: 11660: 11657: 11656:The Holocaust 11654: 11651: 11648: 11645: 11642: 11639: 11636: 11632: 11629: 11627: 11624: 11622: 11619: 11617: 11614: 11612: 11609: 11607: 11604: 11603: 11601: 11598: 11595: 11592: 11589: 11586: 11583: 11580: 11576: 11573: 11572: 11570: 11567: 11564: 11561: 11558: 11555: 11552: 11551:Dungan Revolt 11549: 11546: 11543: 11540: 11537: 11534: 11531: 11528: 11525: 11522: 11519: 11516: 11513: 11510: 11507: 11504: 11501: 11498: 11495: 11492: 11489: 11486: 11483: 11480: 11477: 11474: 11471: 11468: 11465: 11462: 11459: 11456: 11453: 11450: 11447: 11444: 11441: 11438: 11435: 11432: 11429: 11426: 11423: 11420: 11417: 11414: 11411: 11408: 11405: 11402: 11399: 11398: 11396: 11392: 11386: 11383: 11381: 11378: 11376: 11373: 11371: 11368: 11366: 11365:State atheism 11363: 11361: 11358: 11356: 11353: 11351: 11348: 11346: 11343: 11341: 11338: 11336: 11333: 11331: 11328: 11326: 11323: 11321: 11318: 11316: 11313: 11311: 11308: 11306: 11303: 11301: 11298: 11296: 11293: 11291: 11288: 11286: 11283: 11281: 11278: 11276: 11273: 11271: 11268: 11266: 11263: 11261: 11260:Deprogramming 11258: 11256: 11253: 11251: 11248: 11246: 11243: 11242: 11240: 11236: 11228: 11225: 11223: 11220: 11218: 11215: 11213: 11212:Protestantism 11210: 11208: 11205: 11201: 11198: 11197: 11196: 11193: 11187: 11184: 11182: 11179: 11177: 11174: 11172: 11169: 11168: 11167: 11164: 11163: 11162: 11159: 11155: 11152: 11150: 11147: 11146: 11145: 11142: 11140: 11137: 11133: 11130: 11128: 11127:LDS or Mormon 11125: 11123: 11120: 11118: 11115: 11113: 11110: 11109: 11108: 11105: 11103: 11100: 11098: 11095: 11093: 11090: 11089: 11085: 11081: 11077: 11073: 11066: 11061: 11059: 11054: 11052: 11047: 11046: 11043: 11037: 11034: 11032: 11029: 11027: 11024: 11022: 11019: 11018: 11001: 10997: 10992: 10991: 10982: 10978: 10974: 10970: 10964: 10960: 10959: 10953: 10950: 10949:9781476603919 10946: 10943:, McFarland, 10942: 10938: 10935: 10934:9783525310540 10931: 10927: 10923: 10920: 10919:9780807862124 10916: 10912: 10908: 10904: 10898: 10894: 10893: 10887: 10872: 10871: 10865: 10862: 10861:9781137339430 10858: 10854: 10850: 10847: 10846:9780271042145 10843: 10839: 10835: 10831: 10829:9780521399296 10825: 10821: 10820: 10814: 10811: 10810:9780199755035 10807: 10803: 10799: 10795: 10791: 10787: 10785:9780199860302 10781: 10777: 10773: 10769: 10764: 10761: 10760:9781401305581 10757: 10753: 10749: 10746: 10745:9780062097101 10742: 10738: 10734: 10723: 10719: 10715: 10711: 10707: 10703: 10699: 10694: 10683: 10681:9781134598472 10677: 10673: 10672: 10666: 10665: 10654: 10650: 10646: 10641: 10634: 10626: 10622: 10621: 10613: 10607: 10591: 10587: 10581: 10574: 10561: 10557: 10556: 10551: 10545: 10537: 10533: 10529: 10525: 10521: 10517: 10513: 10506: 10498: 10486: 10478: 10474: 10467: 10460: 10448: 10446:9780857897152 10442: 10438: 10434: 10430: 10424: 10415: 10407: 10401: 10397: 10396: 10388: 10380: 10374: 10370: 10369: 10361: 10346: 10345:PBS Frontline 10342: 10338: 10331: 10323: 10317: 10313: 10312: 10304: 10302: 10300: 10298: 10282: 10278: 10271: 10269: 10267: 10265: 10263: 10261: 10245: 10239: 10235: 10231: 10227: 10223: 10216: 10214: 10212: 10210: 10194: 10192:0-7146-4921-X 10188: 10184: 10183: 10175: 10167: 10161: 10145: 10141: 10135: 10120: 10118:0-7656-1318-2 10114: 10110: 10109: 10101: 10086: 10084:0-7656-1318-2 10080: 10076: 10075: 10067: 10051: 10047: 10046: 10038: 10022: 10018: 10017: 10009: 10000: 9984: 9980: 9976: 9970: 9961: 9952: 9936: 9932: 9928: 9922: 9913: 9907: 9903: 9900: 9896: 9880: 9876: 9872: 9865: 9849: 9845: 9839: 9824: 9820: 9813: 9805: 9799: 9795: 9791: 9790: 9782: 9776: 9772: 9769: 9765: 9749: 9745: 9739: 9732: 9727: 9719: 9715: 9711: 9707: 9700: 9692: 9688: 9681: 9673: 9671:9780300126969 9667: 9663: 9662: 9654: 9648: 9647:0-7432-8502-6 9644: 9640: 9639: 9632: 9616: 9612: 9606: 9602: 9598: 9591: 9572: 9569:. Unrwa.org. 9565: 9559: 9551: 9549:0-946690-42-1 9545: 9541: 9534: 9528: 9524: 9520: 9516: 9512: 9509: 9505: 9501: 9497: 9494: 9491:Stern, Yoav. 9488: 9480: 9478:0-8050-4848-0 9474: 9470: 9465: 9464: 9458: 9452: 9436: 9432: 9428: 9422: 9406: 9401: 9394: 9378: 9374: 9370: 9363: 9355: 9351: 9347: 9343: 9336: 9321: 9319:9780521456784 9315: 9311: 9310: 9302: 9300: 9298: 9281: 9280: 9272: 9256: 9252: 9246: 9239: 9233: 9226: 9220: 9213: 9208: 9201: 9196: 9189: 9184: 9182: 9174: 9169: 9167: 9150: 9149: 9144: 9137: 9130: 9126: 9123: 9119: 9115: 9111: 9108: 9104: 9098: 9089: 9081: 9075: 9071: 9070: 9062: 9060: 9058: 9056: 9054: 9052: 9042: 9035: 9030: 9023: 9018: 9011: 9006: 8999: 8994: 8987: 8982: 8975: 8969: 8962: 8958: 8953: 8946: 8945:Bradbury 2004 8941: 8939: 8931: 8925: 8918: 8913: 8906: 8901: 8893: 8887: 8883: 8882: 8874: 8868:, p. 21. 8867: 8866:Bradbury 2004 8862: 8860: 8858: 8848: 8841: 8836: 8830: 8824: 8809: 8807:9781780762500 8803: 8799: 8798: 8790: 8775: 8773:9781783265596 8769: 8765: 8764: 8756: 8741: 8739:9781442236011 8735: 8731: 8730: 8722: 8720: 8704: 8702:9788132105381 8698: 8694: 8693: 8685: 8683: 8667: 8665:9780199756551 8661: 8657: 8653: 8652: 8644: 8636: 8630: 8626: 8625: 8617: 8602: 8600:9780664238827 8596: 8592: 8588: 8581: 8579: 8563: 8561:9781585583003 8557: 8553: 8552: 8544: 8542: 8522: 8518: 8514: 8510: 8509: 8501: 8494: 8475: 8468: 8461: 8452: 8445: 8440: 8438: 8436: 8428: 8424: 8418: 8410: 8403: 8395: 8389: 8385: 8381: 8374: 8359: 8357:9781107017368 8353: 8349: 8348: 8340: 8338: 8329: 8326:Kaushik Roy. 8322: 8306: 8302: 8296: 8289: 8285: 8280: 8264: 8260: 8256: 8249: 8233: 8229: 8222: 8220: 8203: 8199: 8193: 8189: 8185: 8178: 8176: 8174: 8172: 8156: 8154:9783161498091 8150: 8146: 8145: 8137: 8135: 8127: 8123: 8117: 8110: 8104: 8097: 8091: 8082: 8066: 8062: 8058: 8051: 8043: 8037: 8033: 8026: 8018: 8012: 8008: 8001: 7994: 7990: 7986: 7980: 7964: 7960: 7956: 7949: 7947: 7939: 7934: 7932: 7924: 7918: 7916: 7908: 7902: 7896:23.3-4 (1996) 7895: 7889: 7883: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7846: 7845: 7840: 7834: 7826: 7820: 7816: 7809: 7807: 7799: 7791: 7790: 7782: 7775: 7771: 7767: 7763: 7760: 7754: 7746: 7740: 7736: 7729: 7727: 7718: 7712: 7708: 7701: 7699: 7697: 7688: 7686:9780470673508 7682: 7678: 7671: 7656: 7650: 7646: 7642: 7638: 7634: 7627: 7612: 7610:9781409480211 7606: 7602: 7601: 7593: 7591: 7589: 7587: 7585: 7583: 7581: 7564: 7560: 7556: 7549: 7541: 7535: 7531: 7524: 7516: 7510: 7506: 7499: 7497: 7489: 7485: 7483:9781118953426 7479: 7475: 7468: 7466: 7457: 7456: 7448: 7446: 7437: 7435:9780470673508 7431: 7427: 7420: 7412: 7406: 7402: 7395: 7393: 7391: 7382: 7380:9780830834662 7376: 7372: 7367: 7366: 7357: 7353: 7340: 7336: 7332: 7331:BCMS language 7328: 7324: 7320: 7316: 7312: 7306: 7297: 7295: 7293: 7288: 7278: 7275: 7273: 7270: 7269: 7263: 7251: 7248: 7240: 7232: 7224: 7216: 7208: 7200: 7192: 7184: 7183: 7172: 7072: 7060: 7052: 7044: 7036: 7028: 7020: 7012: 7004: 6996: 6988: 6987: 6976: 6896: 6884: 6876: 6873: 6865: 6857: 6849: 6848: 6820: 6808: 6800: 6792: 6784: 6776: 6775: 6684: 6682: 6678: 6674: 6664: 6662: 6658: 6654: 6650: 6646: 6642: 6638: 6634: 6633: 6628: 6624: 6620: 6616: 6612: 6608: 6602: 6595:Yugoslav Wars 6592: 6590: 6589: 6584: 6580: 6579: 6574: 6570: 6566: 6562: 6558: 6554: 6551:, the eighth 6550: 6546: 6542: 6540: 6535: 6530: 6528: 6524: 6520: 6516: 6512: 6508: 6504: 6500: 6496: 6492: 6488: 6484: 6480: 6476: 6472: 6471: 6466: 6462: 6461:revolutionary 6458: 6457:Iran–Iraq War 6451:Iran–Iraq War 6448: 6446: 6445:Shafik Wazzan 6442: 6437: 6435: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6418: 6414: 6409: 6407: 6403: 6399: 6396:. During the 6395: 6391: 6387: 6383: 6378: 6376: 6372: 6371:Shiite Muslim 6368: 6364: 6360: 6356: 6352: 6348: 6344: 6335: 6330: 6319: 6316: 6308: 6298: 6294: 6290: 6284: 6283: 6279: 6274:This section 6272: 6268: 6263: 6262: 6254: 6252: 6248: 6244: 6238: 6236: 6232: 6228: 6223: 6221: 6216: 6212: 6208: 6198: 6196: 6191: 6189: 6185: 6184:South Vietnam 6181: 6177: 6176:South Vietnam 6173: 6172:Ngo Dinh Diem 6163: 6161: 6157: 6152: 6150: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6126: 6124: 6120: 6116: 6112: 6108: 6104: 6100: 6096: 6092: 6087: 6085: 6081: 6077: 6073: 6069: 6065: 6055: 6053: 6048: 6045: 6041: 6038:, during the 6037: 6034: 6031: 6023: 6019: 6015: 6011: 6007: 6003: 5998: 5996: 5992: 5988: 5984: 5980: 5979:Negev Bedouin 5976: 5972: 5971:Israeli Arabs 5968: 5964: 5960: 5956: 5952: 5947: 5943: 5934: 5925: 5923: 5919: 5915: 5914:Filiki Eteria 5911: 5907: 5903: 5899: 5895: 5890: 5889:Felicia Skene 5885: 5881: 5877: 5865:Modern period 5862: 5860: 5856: 5852: 5848: 5844: 5840: 5837: 5833: 5829: 5825: 5817: 5808: 5800:'s expansion 5799: 5795: 5790: 5781: 5779: 5777: 5772: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5752: 5747: 5745: 5744:Protestantism 5741: 5737: 5733: 5729: 5725: 5721: 5717: 5712: 5710: 5709: 5704: 5700: 5694: 5679: 5677: 5673: 5669: 5665: 5655: 5653: 5649: 5645: 5641: 5637: 5633: 5632:Nakatomi clan 5629: 5628:Mononobe clan 5625: 5621: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5604: 5594: 5592: 5588: 5585: 5581: 5577: 5573: 5572:Winkler Prins 5569: 5565: 5561: 5557: 5553: 5549: 5543: 5533: 5531: 5527: 5523: 5519: 5515: 5511: 5507: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5490: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5468: 5464: 5459: 5458: 5453: 5447: 5446: 5441: 5440: 5434: 5429: 5419: 5417: 5413: 5412:bellum sacrum 5409: 5404: 5402: 5401: 5396: 5395: 5394:Winkler Prins 5389: 5383: 5373: 5371: 5370:hagiographers 5367: 5363: 5359: 5355: 5351: 5347: 5343: 5339: 5335: 5331: 5327: 5323: 5318: 5316: 5312: 5308: 5305:According to 5302: 5299: 5298: 5293: 5289: 5282: 5267: 5265: 5264: 5256: 5252: 5248: 5244: 5240: 5233:(281–280 BCE) 5232: 5228: 5226:(339–338 BCE) 5225: 5221: 5219:(356–346 BCE) 5218: 5214: 5212:(449–448 BCE) 5211: 5207: 5205:(595–585 BCE) 5204: 5200: 5199: 5198: 5196: 5192: 5188: 5184: 5180: 5176: 5163: 5159: 5155: 5151: 5147: 5143: 5139: 5132: 5120: 5109: 5100: 5096: 5093:This section 5091: 5088: 5084: 5083: 5075: 5073: 5072:voluntary war 5069: 5068:mandatory war 5064: 5061: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5041: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5028: 5024: 5020: 5019: 5011: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4984: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4964: 4958: 4948: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4926: 4918: 4915: 4914:Surah Al-Hajj 4909: 4904: 4901: 4895: 4891: 4886: 4884: 4883: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4851: 4847: 4842: 4840: 4839:modern period 4836: 4832: 4831:Mughal Empire 4828: 4824: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4804: 4798: 4794: 4790: 4786: 4776: 4774: 4773:bellum justum 4770: 4769:jus ad bellum 4766: 4761: 4758: 4754: 4749: 4747: 4746: 4741: 4740: 4735: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4718: 4717:Dharma-yuddha 4711: 4707: 4703: 4699: 4695: 4689: 4688:Dharma-yuddha 4679: 4677: 4676:bellum sacrum 4673: 4672: 4671:bellum iustum 4667: 4666:Pope Urban II 4663: 4659: 4655: 4651: 4647: 4643: 4640: 4636: 4632: 4628: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4612: 4611: 4606: 4601: 4599: 4598:bellum iustum 4595: 4591: 4590:bellum sacrum 4583: 4578: 4573: 4569: 4565: 4561: 4557: 4547: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4533: 4532:ancient Greek 4529: 4525: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4497: 4493: 4489: 4479: 4477: 4473: 4472:imperial cult 4469: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4443: 4441: 4437: 4435: 4431: 4427: 4426: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4407: 4405: 4401: 4397: 4396:Kalevi Holsti 4394:According to 4392: 4387: 4383: 4373: 4369: 4366: 4362: 4357: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4328: 4322: 4319: 4313: 4306: 4304: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4282: 4281:"religious". 4278: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4244: 4237: 4233: 4222: 4218: 4216: 4215:bellum sacrum 4212: 4207: 4205: 4204:bellum iustum 4199: 4197: 4193: 4192:Konrad Repgen 4188: 4184: 4180: 4170: 4168: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4155: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4131: 4126: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4111:modern period 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4084: 4083:religious war 4076: 4072: 4068: 4064: 4058: 4053: 4049: 4040: 4035: 4033: 4028: 4026: 4021: 4020: 4018: 4017: 4007: 4004: 4000: 3997: 3996: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3985: 3984:Social stigma 3982: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3964: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3931: 3928: 3927: 3926: 3923: 3921: 3918: 3916: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3906: 3903: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3854: 3851: 3850: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3819: 3816: 3814: 3811: 3809: 3806: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3793: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3762: 3759: 3758: 3749: 3748: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3715: 3713: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3703: 3700: 3698: 3695: 3693: 3690: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3666: 3663: 3662: 3661: 3658: 3656: 3653: 3651: 3648: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3627: 3618: 3617: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3591:State atheism 3589: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3575: 3572: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3556: 3555: 3552: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3540: 3537: 3533: 3530: 3528: 3527:Jim Crow laws 3525: 3524: 3523: 3520: 3518: 3515: 3513: 3512:One-drop rule 3510: 3508: 3506: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3448: 3445: 3443: 3440: 3439: 3438: 3435: 3433: 3430: 3428: 3427:Blood quantum 3425: 3423: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3414: 3405: 3404: 3394: 3391: 3389: 3386: 3384: 3381: 3379: 3376: 3374: 3371: 3369: 3368:Victimisation 3366: 3364: 3363:Trans bashing 3361: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3341: 3339: 3336: 3334:Religious war 3333: 3331: 3328: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3315:Racialization 3313: 3311: 3308: 3306: 3303: 3301: 3298: 3296: 3293: 3291: 3288: 3286: 3283: 3279: 3276: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3265: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3201: 3197: 3194: 3193: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3186:Glass ceiling 3184: 3180: 3177: 3176: 3175: 3172: 3170: 3167: 3165: 3162: 3160: 3157: 3155: 3152: 3150: 3147: 3145: 3142: 3140: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3130: 3129:Ethnic hatred 3127: 3125: 3122: 3120: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3110: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3100: 3097: 3095: 3092: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3082: 3080: 3077: 3075: 3072: 3070: 3067: 3065: 3064:Counter-jihad 3062: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3028: 3025: 3024: 3023: 3020: 3019: 3010: 3009: 2999: 2996: 2994: 2991: 2989: 2986: 2984: 2981: 2979: 2976: 2974: 2971: 2969: 2966: 2964: 2961: 2959: 2956: 2954: 2951: 2949: 2946: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2934: 2931: 2929: 2926: 2924: 2921: 2919: 2916: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2896: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2859: 2856: 2854: 2851: 2847: 2846:United States 2844: 2842: 2839: 2837: 2834: 2833: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2774: 2771: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2759: 2756: 2754: 2751: 2749: 2746: 2742: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2732: 2729: 2728: 2727: 2724: 2722: 2719: 2717: 2714: 2710: 2709:United States 2707: 2705: 2702: 2700: 2697: 2696: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2675: 2672: 2670: 2667: 2665: 2662: 2661: 2655: 2649: 2648: 2638: 2635: 2633: 2630: 2628: 2625: 2623: 2622:Protestantism 2620: 2618: 2615: 2611: 2608: 2607: 2606: 2603: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2578: 2577: 2574: 2573: 2572: 2569: 2565: 2562: 2560: 2557: 2556: 2555: 2552: 2550: 2547: 2543: 2540: 2538: 2537:LDS or Mormon 2535: 2533: 2530: 2528: 2525: 2523: 2520: 2519: 2518: 2515: 2513: 2510: 2508: 2505: 2503: 2500: 2499: 2493: 2488: 2487: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2465: 2462: 2460: 2459:Transmisogyny 2457: 2455: 2452: 2451: 2450: 2447: 2443: 2440: 2438: 2435: 2434: 2433: 2430: 2428: 2425: 2423: 2420: 2418: 2415: 2413: 2410: 2408: 2405: 2403: 2400: 2398: 2395: 2393: 2390: 2388: 2385: 2383: 2380: 2378: 2375: 2373: 2370: 2368: 2365: 2363: 2362:Gerontophobia 2360: 2358: 2355: 2353: 2350: 2348: 2345: 2343: 2340: 2338: 2335: 2333: 2330: 2328: 2325: 2323: 2320: 2318: 2315: 2313: 2310: 2308: 2305: 2303: 2300: 2298: 2295: 2293: 2290: 2288: 2285: 2283: 2282:Anti-intersex 2280: 2278: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2268: 2265: 2263: 2260: 2258: 2257:Anti-albinism 2255: 2253: 2250: 2248: 2245: 2243: 2240: 2239: 2230: 2229: 2219: 2216: 2214: 2211: 2209: 2206: 2204: 2201: 2199: 2196: 2194: 2191: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2178: 2177: 2174: 2172: 2169: 2167: 2164: 2162: 2159: 2157: 2154: 2152: 2149: 2147: 2144: 2142: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2132: 2129: 2127: 2124: 2122: 2119: 2118: 2109: 2108: 2098: 2095: 2093: 2090: 2088: 2085: 2083: 2082:Institutional 2080: 2079: 2070: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2060: 2057: 2054: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2044: 2034: 2029: 2027: 2022: 2020: 2015: 2014: 2012: 2011: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1991: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1981: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1960: 1957: 1952: 1951: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1915: 1909: 1908: 1901: 1898: 1896: 1893: 1891: 1888: 1886: 1883: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1866: 1863: 1861: 1860:Warrior caste 1858: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1847: 1844: 1839: 1838: 1831: 1830:Show of force 1828: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1818:Peacebuilding 1816: 1815: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1755: 1752: 1747: 1746: 1739: 1736: 1732: 1729: 1728: 1727: 1724: 1722: 1719: 1717: 1714: 1712: 1709: 1707: 1706: 1702: 1700: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1680: 1677: 1675: 1674:Air supremacy 1672: 1671: 1668: 1663: 1662: 1655: 1652: 1650: 1647: 1645: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1635: 1632: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1615: 1614:Islamic rules 1612: 1610: 1607: 1605: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1595: 1594:Court-martial 1592: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1582: 1581: 1578: 1573: 1572: 1563: 1560: 1559: 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1544: 1541: 1536: 1535: 1526: 1523: 1521: 1518: 1516: 1513: 1512: 1511: 1508: 1506: 1503: 1499: 1496: 1494: 1493:Arms industry 1491: 1490: 1489: 1486: 1484: 1481: 1479: 1476: 1475: 1472: 1467: 1466: 1459: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1443: 1440: 1439: 1438: 1435: 1433: 1430: 1428: 1425: 1423: 1420: 1418: 1415: 1413: 1410: 1408: 1405: 1403: 1400: 1398: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1388: 1385: 1381: 1378: 1377: 1376: 1373: 1372: 1369: 1364: 1363: 1356: 1353: 1351: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1331: 1328: 1326: 1323: 1321: 1318: 1316: 1313: 1311: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1302: 1299: 1294: 1293: 1286: 1283: 1281: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1271: 1268: 1266: 1263: 1261: 1258: 1257: 1254: 1249: 1248: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1233: 1231: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1211: 1208: 1206: 1203: 1201: 1198: 1196: 1193: 1191: 1188: 1186: 1183: 1181: 1178: 1176: 1173: 1171: 1168: 1166: 1163: 1161: 1158: 1156: 1153: 1151: 1148: 1146: 1143: 1141: 1138: 1136: 1133: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1110:Broken-backed 1108: 1106: 1103: 1101: 1098: 1097: 1094: 1089: 1088: 1081: 1078: 1076: 1073: 1071: 1068: 1066: 1063: 1061: 1058: 1056: 1053: 1051: 1048: 1046: 1043: 1041: 1038: 1036: 1033: 1031: 1028: 1026: 1023: 1021: 1018: 1016: 1013: 1011: 1008: 1006: 1003: 1001: 998: 997: 996: 991: 986: 985: 978: 975: 973: 970: 968: 965: 963: 960: 958: 955: 953: 952:Expeditionary 950: 948: 947: 943: 941: 938: 936: 933: 932: 929: 924: 923: 916: 913: 911: 908: 906: 903: 901: 898: 896: 893: 891: 888: 884: 881: 880: 879: 876: 874: 871: 869: 866: 864: 861: 859: 856: 854: 851: 849: 846: 844: 841: 839: 836: 834: 831: 829: 826: 824: 823:Counterattack 821: 819: 816: 814: 811: 809: 806: 802: 799: 797: 794: 792: 789: 788: 787: 784: 782: 779: 778: 777: 772: 767: 766: 759: 756: 754: 751: 749: 748:Psychological 746: 744: 741: 739: 736: 734: 731: 729: 726: 724: 721: 719: 716: 714: 710: 707: 705: 702: 700: 697: 695: 692: 690: 687: 685: 684:Combined arms 682: 680: 677: 673: 670: 668: 665: 664: 663: 660: 658: 655: 653: 650: 648: 645: 643: 640: 638: 635: 633: 630: 629: 626: 621: 620: 613: 610: 608: 605: 604: 596: 593: 592: 591: 588: 586: 583: 581: 578: 576: 573: 571: 568: 566: 563: 562: 561: 558: 557: 549: 546: 545: 544: 541: 539: 536: 534: 531: 529: 526: 524: 523:Fortification 521: 519: 516: 514: 511: 510: 509: 506: 505: 499: 496: 494: 491: 489: 486: 485: 483: 482: 479: 474: 473: 466: 463: 461: 458: 456: 453: 451: 448: 447: 443: 440: 438: 435: 433: 430: 428: 425: 424: 420: 417: 415: 412: 410: 407: 405: 402: 400: 397: 395: 392: 390: 387: 386: 382: 379: 377: 374: 372: 369: 367: 364: 362: 359: 357: 354: 352: 349: 348: 344: 341: 339: 338:Landing craft 336: 334: 331: 329: 326: 324: 321: 319: 316: 314: 311: 310: 306: 303: 301: 298: 296: 293: 289: 286: 285: 284: 281: 279: 276: 274: 271: 270: 266: 263: 261: 258: 256: 253: 251: 248: 246: 243: 241: 238: 236: 233: 232: 228: 224: 223:Standing army 221: 219: 216: 214: 210: 207: 205: 202: 200: 197: 195: 192: 190: 187: 185: 182: 180: 177: 175: 172: 170: 167: 165: 162: 160: 157: 156: 153: 148: 147: 138: 135: 133: 130: 129: 128: 125: 121: 118: 116: 115:pike and shot 113: 112: 111: 108: 104: 101: 100: 99: 96: 94: 91: 89: 86: 85: 82: 77: 76: 72: 68: 67: 61: 53: 49: 48: 44: 43: 38: 34: 30: 26: 22: 13984:Wars by type 13742:Gender-blind 13629:Human rights 13457:Racial quota 13444: 13424:Jewish quota 13404:Gerontocracy 13399:Gender roles 13377:Disabilities 13362:Blood purity 13334:Wife selling 13324:White flight 13304:Slut-shaming 13284:Scapegoating 13278: 13202:Murder music 12875:Palestinians 12693:South Africa 12678:Black people 12656:South Africa 12477:Christianity 12467:Baháʼí Faith 12395:Sectarianism 12335:Heterosexism 12300:Ephebiphobia 12265:Antisemitism 12260:Anti-Masonry 12127:Hair texture 11862:(1991–2001) 11842:(1984–1989) 11802:Famen Temple 11792:(1966–1976) 11602:(1922–1991) 11571:(1913–1922) 11384: 11107:Christianity 11097:Baháʼí Faith 11003:. Retrieved 10999: 10976: 10957: 10940: 10925: 10910: 10891: 10878:. Retrieved 10869: 10852: 10837: 10818: 10801: 10767: 10754:, Hyperion, 10751: 10736: 10725:. Retrieved 10705: 10701: 10685:. Retrieved 10670: 10662:Bibliography 10648: 10645:Tibi, Bassam 10640: 10631: 10625:the original 10618: 10606: 10594:. Retrieved 10580: 10571: 10564:. Retrieved 10553: 10544: 10515: 10511: 10505: 10476: 10472: 10466: 10457: 10450:. Retrieved 10436: 10423: 10414: 10394: 10387: 10367: 10360: 10348:. Retrieved 10340: 10330: 10310: 10284:. Retrieved 10280: 10247:. Retrieved 10225: 10196:. Retrieved 10181: 10174: 10148:. Retrieved 10134: 10122:. Retrieved 10107: 10100: 10088:. Retrieved 10073: 10066: 10054:. Retrieved 10044: 10037: 10025:. Retrieved 10015: 10008: 9999: 9987:. Retrieved 9969: 9960: 9951: 9939:. Retrieved 9935:the original 9921: 9912: 9895: 9883:. Retrieved 9874: 9864: 9852:. Retrieved 9838: 9826:. Retrieved 9822: 9812: 9788: 9781: 9764: 9752:. Retrieved 9738: 9726: 9718:the original 9713: 9709: 9699: 9690: 9680: 9659: 9653: 9636: 9631: 9619:. Retrieved 9600: 9590: 9578:. Retrieved 9558: 9539: 9533: 9518: 9503: 9487: 9462: 9451: 9439:. Retrieved 9435:the original 9430: 9421: 9409:. Retrieved 9404: 9393: 9381:. Retrieved 9372: 9362: 9345: 9335: 9323:. Retrieved 9308: 9284:. Retrieved 9278: 9271: 9259:. Retrieved 9254: 9245: 9237: 9232: 9224: 9219: 9212:Burgess 1998 9207: 9200:Burgess 1998 9195: 9188:Burgess 1998 9173:Burgess 1998 9153:. Retrieved 9146: 9136: 9117: 9102: 9097: 9088: 9068: 9041: 9033: 9029: 9021: 9017: 9005: 8993: 8981: 8973: 8968: 8960: 8952: 8929: 8924: 8916: 8912: 8905:Ullidtz 2014 8900: 8880: 8873: 8847: 8840:Ullidtz 2014 8835: 8828: 8823: 8813:15 September 8811:. Retrieved 8796: 8789: 8779:16 September 8777:. Retrieved 8762: 8755: 8745:16 September 8743:. Retrieved 8728: 8708:16 September 8706:. Retrieved 8691: 8671:16 September 8669:. Retrieved 8650: 8643: 8623: 8616: 8604:. Retrieved 8590: 8565:. Retrieved 8550: 8528:. Retrieved 8521:the original 8512: 8506: 8493: 8481:. Retrieved 8474:the original 8460: 8451: 8446:, p. 3. 8422: 8417: 8408: 8402: 8383: 8373: 8361:. Retrieved 8346: 8327: 8321: 8309:. Retrieved 8305:the original 8295: 8287: 8279: 8267:. Retrieved 8258: 8248: 8236:. Retrieved 8208:10 September 8206:. Retrieved 8187: 8158:. Retrieved 8143: 8116: 8108: 8103: 8095: 8090: 8081: 8069:. Retrieved 8060: 8050: 8031: 8025: 8006: 8000: 7984: 7979: 7967:. Retrieved 7958: 7922: 7906: 7901: 7893: 7870:. Retrieved 7853: 7843: 7833: 7814: 7796: 7788: 7781: 7773: 7753: 7734: 7706: 7676: 7670: 7658:. Retrieved 7636: 7633:"Succession" 7626: 7614:. Retrieved 7599: 7567:. Retrieved 7563:the original 7558: 7548: 7529: 7523: 7504: 7487: 7473: 7454: 7425: 7419: 7400: 7364: 7356: 7305: 7277:War of ideas 7261: 7089: 7070: 6960: 6894: 6818: 6670: 6630: 6607:Croatian War 6604: 6586: 6576: 6568: 6538: 6531: 6468: 6454: 6438: 6422: 6417:Vichy French 6410: 6390:polarization 6379: 6363:Sunni Muslim 6340: 6311: 6302: 6287:Please help 6275: 6239: 6224: 6204: 6192: 6169: 6153: 6149:Kaduna State 6147:in southern 6142: 6138: 6125:population. 6088: 6080:Allama Iqbal 6061: 6052:Benny Morris 6049: 6017: 5999: 5983:Wailing Wall 5939: 5873: 5821: 5775: 5755:John Morrill 5748: 5713: 5706: 5696: 5672:Quetzalcoatl 5668:Tezcatlipoca 5661: 5643: 5612:missionaries 5606: 5580:Hussite Wars 5579: 5575: 5571: 5548:Hussite Wars 5545: 5536:Hussite Wars 5497: 5491: 5455: 5452:Jim Bradbury 5450: 5443: 5437: 5411: 5405: 5398: 5392: 5385: 5338:Jim Bradbury 5328:against the 5319: 5304: 5295: 5284: 5280: 5261: 5236: 5172: 5161: 5103: 5099:adding to it 5094: 5065: 5062: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5016: 4988: 4979:James Tissot 4922: 4906: 4887: 4880: 4877:war in Islam 4865: 4843: 4800: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4762: 4751:Neither the 4750: 4743: 4737: 4736:such as the 4726:jus in bello 4725: 4715: 4713: 4675: 4669: 4608: 4602: 4597: 4589: 4587: 4550:Christianity 4540:Hebrew Bible 4526: 4499: 4452:henotheistic 4449: 4439: 4438: 4433: 4423: 4419:Alan Axelrod 4410: 4408: 4393: 4389: 4370: 4365:The Troubles 4358: 4346:study of law 4323: 4307: 4297: 4293: 4289: 4283: 4279: 4239: 4220: 4214: 4209: 4203: 4201: 4190: 4164: 4160: 4158: 4127: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4080: 4048: 3818:Gender-blind 3697:Human rights 3517:Racial quota 3504: 3484:Jewish quota 3464:Gerontocracy 3459:Gender roles 3437:Disabilities 3422:Blood purity 3388:Wife selling 3378:White flight 3358:Slut-shaming 3338:Scapegoating 3258:Murder music 2923:Palestinians 2741:South Africa 2726:Black people 2704:South Africa 2517:Christianity 2507:Baháʼí Faith 2427:Sectarianism 2367:Heterosexism 2332:Ephebiphobia 2297:Antisemitism 2292:Anti-Masonry 2151:Hair texture 1943:Fifth column 1923:War resister 1918:Women in war 1813:Peacekeeping 1758:Arms control 1703: 1392:Mobilization 1387:Conscription 1345:Intelligence 1298:Organization 1204: 944: 873:Encirclement 753:Radiological 689:Conventional 543:Subterranean 450:Development: 449: 426: 388: 350: 313:Naval units: 312: 305:Signal corps 272: 250:Intelligence 235:Specialties: 234: 159:Organization 110:Early modern 13644:Nonviolence 13639:LGBT rights 13604:Empowerment 13572:Anti-racism 13494:Segregation 13439:No kid zone 13239:Persecution 13152:Hate speech 13103:Gay bashing 13078:Ethnic joke 13033:Dog whistle 12978:Blood libel 12673:Azerbaijani 12577:Neopaganism 12570:Persecution 12536:Persecution 12519:Persecution 12482:Catholicism 12417:Transphobia 12400:Supremacism 12355:Lesbophobia 12270:Aporophobia 12230:Anti-autism 12081:Taste-based 12076:Statistical 11948:(2014–2017) 11936:(2014–2017) 11930:(2013–2016) 11868:(1992–1996) 11830:(1975–1979) 11824:(1975–1990) 11730:(1948–1980) 11676:(1945–1989) 11670:(1945–1989) 11664:(1941–1945) 11658:(1939–1945) 11646:(1936–1975) 11631:legislation 11596:(1917–1990) 11590:(1915–1923) 11584:(1914–1924) 11565:(1912–1913) 11553:(1862–1877) 11535:(1857–1858) 11529:(1789–1801) 11517:(1683–1922) 11511:(1673–1829) 11505:(1609–1614) 11499:(1562–1598) 11493:(1561–1812) 11487:(1526–1791) 11481:(1522–1712) 11475:(1500–1526) 11451:(1184–1908) 11449:Inquisition 11360:Segregation 11325:Intolerance 11265:Desecration 11207:Neopaganism 11200:Persecution 11166:Persecution 11149:Persecution 11112:Catholicism 11005:9 September 10588:. Pbs.org. 10522:: 349–350. 8071:12 February 7938:Holsti 1991 6872:Mormon wars 6681:South Sudan 6641:nationalist 6611:Bosnian War 6425:amnesty law 6413:Free French 6091:British Raj 5997:massacres. 5985:led to the 5959:Circassians 5922:Megali Idea 5902:philhellene 5884:nationalist 5855:Addis Ababa 5828:Abyssinians 5740:Catholicism 5720:Protestants 5498:Reconquista 5473:), or were 5457:Reconquista 5439:Reconquista 5422:Reconquista 5354:Merovingian 5326:Charlemagne 5270:Middle Ages 5259:מלחמת מצווה 5014:מלחמת מצווה 4827:Reconquista 4765:Mahabharata 4753:Mahabharata 4739:Mahabharata 4722:Hindu texts 4327:philologist 4284:Theologian 4275:Reformation 4259:Hessian War 4253:during the 4173:Definitions 4142:Afghanistan 3712:Nonviolence 3707:LGBT rights 3672:Empowerment 3640:Anti-racism 3554:Segregation 3499:No kid zone 3295:Persecution 3208:Hate speech 3159:Gay bashing 3134:Ethnic joke 3089:Dog whistle 3034:Blood libel 2721:Azerbaijani 2617:Neopaganism 2610:Persecution 2576:Persecution 2559:Persecution 2522:Catholicism 2449:Transphobia 2432:Supremacism 2387:Lesbophobia 2302:Aporophobia 2262:Anti-autism 2097:Taste-based 2092:Statistical 1928:War studies 1751:Non-warfare 1679:Appeasement 1644:Martial law 1483:War economy 1422:Transgender 1375:Recruitment 1135:Containment 1020:Culminating 928:Operational 848:Envelopment 791:Air assault 672:Air cavalry 632:Air defence 612:Information 513:Cold-region 478:Battlespace 427:Historical: 273:Land units: 199:Space force 194:Coast guard 127:Late modern 88:Prehistoric 13973:Categories 13918:Stereotype 13913:Speciesism 13794:Oppression 13789:Oikophobia 13685:Allophilia 13669:Toleration 13526:Sodomy law 13419:Internment 13339:Witch-hunt 13217:Blackhawks 13147:Hate group 13135:Hate crime 13108:Gendercide 13098:Freak show 13088:Excellence 13048:Employment 13018:Defamation 12950:Vietnamese 12945:Venezuelan 12835:Lithuanian 12509:Falun Gong 12444:Xenophobia 12439:Vegaphobia 12422:Non-binary 12380:Pedophobia 12345:Homophobia 12157:Skin color 12117:Disability 12090:Attributes 12071:Structural 11445:(643–1526) 11320:Iconoclasm 11315:Hate crime 11245:Censorship 11139:Falun Gong 10566:10 January 10198:11 January 9877:. London. 9828:20 October 9754:20 October 9621:12 October 9580:20 October 9457:Segev, Tom 9348:(19): 24. 9010:Nolan 2006 8998:Nolan 2006 8654:. Oxford: 8311:20 October 8197:0812216563 7969:11 October 7514:0816028516 7349:References 7309:The term " 6657:euphemisms 6615:Yugoslavia 6599:See also: 6327:See also: 6133:See also: 5975:Samaritans 5898:Ian Morris 5322:Saxon Wars 5292:Saxon Wars 5162:dharamyudh 5150:Guru Arjan 5142:dharamyudh 5117:See also: 5106:March 2022 4983:Numbers 31 4967:See also: 4943:(630) and 4925:polytheist 4692:See also: 4646:Asia Minor 4492:Polytheism 4476:monotheism 4413:, authors 4380:See also: 4376:Prevalence 4330:Max Müller 4321:as "law". 4271:Williamite 4230:See also: 4177:See also: 4073:after the 3994:Stereotype 3989:Speciesism 3870:Oppression 3865:Oikophobia 3761:Allophilia 3737:Toleration 3586:Sodomy law 3479:Internment 3393:Witch-hunt 3273:Blackhawks 3203:Hate group 3191:Hate crime 3164:Gendercide 3154:Freak show 3144:Excellence 3104:Employment 3074:Defamation 2998:Vietnamese 2993:Venezuelan 2883:Lithuanian 2549:Falun Gong 2476:Xenophobia 2471:Vegaphobia 2454:Non-binary 2412:Pedophobia 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