Religion in South Korea

2277:), discovered that the change in the South Korean religious demographics stemmed from the youth. The younger demographic of South Korea tend to have a higher percentage of atheists, while the older demographics have remained relatively religious. The study states that 33% of South Koreans who are around the age of 20 believe in religion, while above 61% of those aged 60 or older continue to believe in religion. The study also reveals that the demographic of believers and non believers are also affected by many more variables. For example, the specific religion and the age at which the religion was introduced to the individual can have effects on the probability of an individual to stay religious throughout their lives. Overall, there seems to be a large deviation between those who were introduced to religion before elementary and those who were introduced after their 50s. Of 101 individuals interviewed, 29 were introduced to religion before elementary school, 18 during elementary, 9 in their 40s, and 7 in their 50s. While Catholicism and Protestantism maintained a similar standard deviation, believers of Buddhism seemed to start during and near their 30s. With the younger generation of South Korea remaining increasingly non-religious and South Korea traditionally being a religious nation, the developments of South Korea's religious demographics will have many implications on the nation's culture, politics, and way of life. 3144: 2393: 2109: 3549: 2416: 2700: 2686:

incorporation into traditional Korean culture, it is now considered a philosophy and cultural background rather than a formal religion. As a result, many people outside of the practicing population are deeply influenced by these traditions. Thus, when counting secular believers or those influenced by the faith while not following other religions, the number of Buddhists in South Korea is considered to be much larger. Similarly, in officially atheist North Korea, while Buddhists officially account for 4.5% of the population, a much larger number (over 70%) of the population are influenced by Buddhist philosophies and customs.

2377: 2230: 3160: 3231: 2736: 2167:'s temples have grown from 700 in 1983 to 1,600 in 1994. Statistics from censuses show that the proportion of the South Korean population self-identifying as Buddhist has grown from 2.6% in 1962 to 22.8% in 2005, while the proportion of Christians has grown from 5% in 1962 to 29.2% in 2005. However, both religions have shown a decline between the years 2005 and 2015, with Buddhism sharply declining in influence to 15.5% of the population, and a less significant decline of Christianity to 27.6%. 2720: 2927:("Western Scholar"). A study of 1801 found that more than half of the families that had converted to Catholicism were linked to the Seohak school. Largely because converts refused to perform Confucian ancestral rituals, the Joseon government prohibited Christian proselytising. Some Catholics were executed during the early 19th century, but the restrictive law was not strictly enforced. A large number of Christians lived in the northern part of the peninsula (it was part of the so-called " 3565: 6992: 2338: 7002: 3212: 3745: 1467: 6599: 3583: 6587: 2246:) a Korean research journal, performed a survey on the present religious demographic in South Korea. According to the survey, new results deviate from the traditional sentiments of South Korean culture. While much of the population is irreligious, Protestants make up the largest religious group. The latter half of the population that are religious, are split in the following way: 20% believe in 2076:) and suppressed and marginalised Korean Buddhism and Korean shamanism. Buddhist monasteries were destroyed, and their number dropped from several hundreds to a mere thirty-six; Buddhism was eradicated from the life of towns as monks and nuns were prohibited from entering them and were marginalised to the mountains. These restrictions lasted until the 19th century. 2136:, the majority of the Korean Christian population that had been until then in the northern half of the peninsula, fled to South Korea. Christians who resettled in the south were more than one million. Cheondoists, who were concentrated in the north like Christians, remained there after the partition, and South Korea now has no more than few thousands Cheondoists. 2258:, and 1% believe in other religions or cults. Essentially, the studies findings show that 50% of South Koreans are now non-religious, 32% follow some section of Christianity, 16% are Buddhist, and 2% believe in some other form of religion. The deviation from the traditionally religious South Korean culture and demographics is the rise of atheism. 2080:

plight of Koreans. Christian communities had already existed in Joseon since the 17th century; however, it was only by the 1880s that the government allowed a large number of Western missionaries to enter the country. Christian missionaries set up schools, hospitals and publishing agencies. The royal family supported Christianity.

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analyzed South Korean religious demographics from 1999 to 2015. The data from the study focused on understanding religious conversion, switching, or abandonment within the demographic. Today, the study has given insight on the potential effects of the deviation in South Korea's religious demographic.

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Protestant missionaries entered Korea during the 1880s and, along with Catholic priests, converted a remarkable number of Koreans, this time with the support of the royal government which winked at Westernising forces in a period of deep internal crisis (due to the waning of centuries-long patronage

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According to Andrew Eungi Kim, there was a rise of new religious movements in the late 1900s which account for about 10 percent of all churches in South Korea. According to Kim, this is the outcome of foreign invasions, as well as conflicting views regarding social and political issues. Many of the

3376:

In the 1890s, the last decades of the Joseon kingdom, Protestant missionaries gained significant influence, and led a demonisation of native religion through the press, and even carried out campaigns of physical suppression of local cults. The Protestant discourse would have had an influence on all

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are mythically described as descendants of the "Heavenly King", son of the "Holy Mother ", with investiture often passed down through female princely lineage. However, other myths link the heritage of the traditional faith to Dangun, male son of the Heavenly King and initiator of the Korean nation.

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Factors contributing to the growth of Catholicism and Protestantism included the decayed state of Korean Buddhism, the support of the intellectual elite, and the encouragement of self-support and self-government among members of the Korean church, and finally the identification of Christianity with

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was an important Christian centre: one-sixth of its population of about 300,000 people were converts. Following the establishment of the communist regime in the north, an estimated more than one million Korean Christians resettled to South Korea to escape persecution by North Korea's anti-Christian

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in Goryeo. However, it was only in the subsequent Joseon kingdom (1392–1910) that Korean Confucianism was established as the state ideology and religion, and Korean Buddhism underwent 500 years of suppression. Buddhism in the contemporary state of South Korea is stronger in the east of the country,

146:

supported the religion. With the fall of the Joseon in the last decades of the 19th century, Koreans largely embraced Christianity, since the monarchy itself and the intellectuals looked to Western models to modernise the country and endorsed the work of Catholic and Protestant missionaries. During

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were built throughout the peninsula. This policy led to massive conversion of Koreans to Christian churches, which were already well ingrained in the country, representing a concern for the Japanese program, and supported Koreans' independence. After the Allied forces defeated Japan in 1945, Korea

166:

into two states after 1945, the communist north and the capitalist south, the majority of the Korean Christian population that had been until then in the northern half of the peninsula, fled to South Korea. It has been estimated that Christians who migrated to the south were more than one million.

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asking to come under the Ecumenical Patriarchate's spiritual care and jurisdiction. Their request was granted, and the development and growth of the Church in Korea began to accelerate. Today, the roughly 5,000 Orthodox faithful of Korea remain under the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople,

183:

and was limited to a sample of about 20% of the South Korean population. It has been argued that the 2015 census penalised the rural population, which is more Buddhist and Catholic and less familiar with the internet, while advantaging the Protestant population, which is more urban and has easier

90:

According to a 2023 Korea Research's regular survey 'Public Opinion in Public Opinion', 51% identify with no religion, 20% with Protestantism, 17% with Buddhism, 11% with Catholicism, and 2% with other religions. Pew Research Center poll found that 52% of the population have no religion, 32% with

2079:

In the late 19th century, the Joseon state was politically and culturally collapsing. The intelligentsia was looking for solutions to invigorate and transform the nation. It was in this critical period that they came into contact with Western Christian missionaries who offered a solution to the

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According to some observers, the sharp decline of some religions (Catholicism and Buddhism) recorded between the censuses of 2005 and 2015 is due to the change in survey methodology between the two censuses. While the 2005 census was an analysis of the entire population ("whole survey") through

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in 1917 interrupted the activities of the mission. After the North's army abducted Korea's only Orthodox priest at the time, Fr. Alexi Kim, at the start of the Korean War in 1950, and after the St. Nicholas Church building was destroyed by the 1951 bombing of Seoul, the small flock of Orthodox

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Since the 1980s and the 1990s, there have been acts of hostility committed by Protestants against Buddhists and followers of traditional religions in South Korea. This include the arson of temples, the beheading of statues of Buddha and bodhisattvas, and red Christian crosses painted on either

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in the southeast. Buddhism reached Silla only in the 5th century, but it was made the state religion only in that kingdom in the year 552. Buddhism became much more popular in Silla and even in Baekje (both areas now part of modern South Korea), while in Goguryeo the Korean indigenous religion

94:

Buddhism was influential in ancient times and Christianity had influenced large segments of the population in the 18th and 19th century, yet they grew rapidly in membership only by the mid-20th century, as part of the profound transformations that South Korean society went through in the past

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The Donghak movement became so influential among common people that in 1864 the Joseon government sentenced Choe Je-u to death. The movement grew and in 1894 the members gave rise to the Donghak Peasant Revolution against the royal government. With the division of Korea in 1945, most of the

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According to a 2005 government survey, a quarter of South Koreans are practicing Buddhist. However, the actual number of Buddhists in South Korea is ambiguous as there is no exact or exclusive criterion by which Buddhists can be identified, unlike the Christian population. With Buddhism's

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of the culture including Confucian traditions and ancestral rites practiced even by secular people and followers of other faiths. Consequently, many Korean Christians, especially Protestants, have abandoned these native Korean traditions. Protestants in Korea have a history of

2565:) is a modern reformed Buddhism that seeks to make enlightenment possible for everyone and applicable to regular life. The scriptures and practices are simplified so that anyone, regardless of their wealth, occupation, or other external living conditions, can understand them. 3349:, and is akin to the Siberian, Mongolian, and Manchurian religious traditions. Some studies trace the Korean ancestral god Dangun to the Ural-Altaic Tengri "Heaven", the shaman and the prince. In the dialects of some provinces of Korea the shaman is called 2095:

was strengthened, co-opting within it native Korean Sindo, and Christians refused to take part in Shinto rituals. At the same time, numerous religious movements that since the 19th century had been trying to reform the Korean indigenous religion, notably

3377:

further attempts to uproot native religion. The "movement to destroy Sindo" carried out in South Korea in the 1970s and 1980s, destroyed much of the physical heritage of Korean religion (temples and shrines), especially during the regime of President

3195:"Way of the Gods"). is the native religion of the Koreans. Although used synonymously, the two terms are not identical: Jung Young Lee describes Muism as a form of Sindo - the shamanic tradition within the religion. Particularly akin to Japan's 3752:

During Japan's colonisation of Korea (1910–1945), given the suggested common origins of the two peoples, Koreans were considered to be outright part of the Japanese population, to be wholly assimilated. The Japanese studied and coopted native

2155:

and allowed a way for these traditional believers to express their folk beliefs in the context of an officially accepted religion. This period also saw the growth of Christian churches in a trend to register as members of organised religions.

3016:, which has financed many organizations and businesses in news media, education, politics and social activism. In 2003, Korean Unification Church members started a political party named "The Party for God, Peace, Unification, and Home". 5084: 4388: 3629:. However, with the end of the Joseon state and the wane of Chinese influence in the 19th and 20th century, Confucianism was abandoned. The influence of Confucian ethical thought remains strong in other religious practices, and in 3897:

is mostly associated, though not exclusively, to female shamans due to their prevalence in the Korean tradition in recent centuries. This has brought to the development of other locutions for male shamans, including

3059:

Korean nationalism. Christianity grew significantly in the 1970s and 1980s. In the 1990s and 2000s it continued to grow, but at a slower rate. Christianity is especially dominant in the west of the country including

6957: 2052:(shamans). Buddhism was introduced from the Chinese Former Qin state in 372 to the northern Korean state of Goguryeo and developed into distinctive Korean forms. At that time, the peninsula was divided into 171:, at the same time strengthening Christianity and a revival of Buddhism. According to scholars, South Korean censuses do not count believers in indigenous Sindo and underestimate the number of adherents of 2159:

The number of Buddhist temples rose from 2,306 in 1962 to 11,561 in 1997, Protestant churches rose from 6,785 in 1962 to 58,046 in 1997, the Catholic Church had 313 churches in 1965 and 1,366 in 2005,

6195:

Baker, Donald. "The Transformation of Confucianism in 20th-century Korea: How it has lost most of its metaphysical underpinnings and survives today primarily as ethical rhetoric and heritage rituals"

6967: 3373:. According to various sociological studies, Korea's type of Christianity owes much of its success to native shamanism, which provided a congenial mindset and models for the religion to take root. 124:; this weakness of Korean Sindo was among the reasons that left a free hand to an early and thorough rooting of Christianity. The population also took part in Confucianising rites and held private 91:

Christianity, 14% with Buddhism and 1% with other religions. Also 17% of the population were once Christian but now irreligious, and 14% of the population were once Buddhist but now irreligious.

5098: 4397: 4206: 2505:

Order. The overwhelming majority of Buddhist temples in contemporary South Korea belong to the dominant Jogye Order, traditionally related to the Seon school. The order's headquarters are at

128:. Organised religions and philosophies belonged to the ruling elites and the long patronage exerted by the Chinese empire led these elites to embrace a particularly strict Confucianism (i.e. 101:) remain popular and could represent a large part of the unaffiliated. Indeed, according to a 2012 survey, only 15% of the population declared themselves to be not religious in the sense of " 3419:, the wave of Western influence that penetrated Korean life at the end of the 19th century). Choe Je-u founded Cheondoism after having been allegedly healed from illness by an experience of 6519: 5458: 175:. Otherwise, statistics compiled by the ARDA estimate that as of 2010, 14.7% of South Koreans practice ethnic religion, 14.2% adhere to new movements, and 10.9% practice Confucianism. 5012: 2976: 2877:

missionaries were especially successful. They established schools, universities, hospitals, and orphanages and played a significant role in the modernisation of the country.

6395: 2151:, who was a Buddhist. This measure, combined with the rapid social changes of the same period, favoured a rapid revival of Buddhism, as it traditionally intermingled with 5106:문화관광부의 2005년 5월 자료에 따르면 우리나라에는 907개의 사찰이 있는데, 이를 종단별로 보면, 대한불교조계종 735개소(81%), 한국불교태 고종 102개소(11%), 대한불교법화종 22개소(2%), 선학원 16개소(2%), 대한불교원효종 5개소(1%), 기타 27개소(3%) 순이다. 3768:

was liberated from Japanese rule. As soon as the Shinto priests withdrew to Japan, all Shinto shrines in Korea were either destroyed or converted into another use.

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There are around a hundred thousand foreign workers from Muslim countries, particularly Indonesians, Malaysians, Bruneians, Pakistanis, Kazakhs and Bangladeshis.

136:, despite an erstwhile rich tradition, at the dawn of the 20th century was virtually extinct as a religious institution, after 500 years of suppression under the 3763:(similar measures of assimilation were applied to Buddhism), which hinged upon the worship of Japanese high gods and the emperor's godhead. Hundreds of Japanese 3117:

Buddhism and other traditional religions of Korea with arson and vandalism of temple and statues, some of these hostile acts have been promoted by the church.

2900: 6575:. Paper presented at the conference "Fifty Years of Korean Independence", sponsored by the Korean Political Science Association, Seoul, Korea, July 1995. 3808:

was established in 2001. There are about 550 Sikhs in South Korea, now recently the Sikhs in South were allowed to acquire South Korean citizenship.

4915: 3413:(aristocratic) family, in 1860 as a counter-force to the rise of "foreign religions", which in his view included Buddhism and Christianity (part of 4047: 6297: 2620: 2903:

rather than North American missionaries. They concentrate on harmonisation of Traditional Korean Architecture and European Architecture such as

2844:

churches also exist. According to 2015 census, Protestants and Catholics numbered 9.6 million and 3.8 million respective. There are also small

2642: 2457:(698–926) and subsequent Goryeo (918–1392) states. Confucianism was also brought to Korea from China in early centuries, and was formulated as 6223: 5462: 2521:. Jogye requires their monastics to be celibate. Taego lineage is a form of Seon (Zen) and it differs from Seon by allowing priests to marry. 2367:. The overland and maritime "Silk Roads" were interlinked and complementary, forming what scholars have called the "great circle of Buddhism". 108:

Korea entered the 20th century with an already ingrained Christian presence and a vast majority of the population practicing native religion,

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in general. Confucian rituals are still practised at various times of the year. The most prominent of these are the annual rites held at the

2631: 6603: 6528: 5414: 6573:

The Political Message of Folklore in South Korea's Student Demonstrations of the Eighties: An Approach to the Analysis of Political Theater

5572: 3690: 5197: 4976: 2781:("Practical Learning") were attracted to Catholic doctrines, and this was a key factor for the spread of the Catholic faith in the 1790s. 2143:" promoted by governments of South Korea in the 1970s and 1980s prohibited indigenous cults and wiped out nearly all traditional shrines ( 6049: 2984: 2883:

also is one of Protestant denominations. Unlike other protestant denominations in Korea, it is influenced by Commonwealth realms such as

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Cheondoist community remained in the north, where the majority of them dwelled. Only few thousands of them remain in South Korea today.

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The social and historical significance of the Donghak movement and Cheondoism has been largely ignored in South Korea, contrarywise to

2775:, who was resident at the imperial court in Beijing, had been already brought to Korea from China in the 17th century. Scholars of the 3130:

and Japan and can be easily integrated as ancillary to Catholicism. Protestants, by contrast, have completely abandoned the practice.

5129: 4022: 6591: 5546: 105:". According to the 2015 census, the proportion of the unaffiliated is higher among the youth, about 64.9% among the 20-years old. 2947:

missionaries entered Korea from Russia in 1900. In 1903, the first Eastern Orthodox church in Korea was established. However, the

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remained dominant. In the following unified state of Goryeo (918–1392) Buddhism flourished, and even became a political force.

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In South Korea, the religious population ratio in 2023 seems the Protestant 20%, Buddhist 17%, Catholic 11%, no religion 51%.

5767: 5696: 5669: 5508: 5270: 4438: 140:

kingdom. Christianity had antecedents in the Korean peninsula as early as the 18th century, when the philosophical school of

3519:, the supposed future site of the founding of a new dynasty originally prophesied in the 18th century (or before). Japanese 6881: 6631: 3652: 3126:(ancestral rites); the Korean tradition is very different from the institutional religious ancestral worship that is found 2965: 892: 6025: 6011: 3039: 3019: 5117: 3637:

in Seoul. Other rites, for instance those in honour of clan founders, are held at shrines found throughout the country.

3399:) is a fundamentally Confucian religious tradition derived from indigenous Sinism. It is the religious dimension of the 6926: 5142: 4539: 4506: 4480: 4454: 3822: 3817: 3728: 2341: 2320: 2956:

faithful was at risk of annihilation. In 1955, the Orthodox faithful of Korea wrote a letter to the Holy Synod of the

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Modernization and Monotheism: How Urbanization and Westernization Have Transformed the Religious Landscape of Korea

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Lesage, Jonathan Evans, Alan Cooperman, Kelsey Jo Starr, Manolo Corichi, William Miner and Kirsten (17 June 2024).

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After the ban on traditional civil rites was lifted by Pope Pius XII in 1939, many Korean Catholics openly observe

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statues or other Buddhist and other religions' properties. Some of these acts have even been promoted by churches'

2233:

Study performed by a South Korean Research Journal revealing the change in religion demographics from 2018 to 2020.

3548: 3031: 6566: 6552: 6512: 6498: 6484: 6470: 6445: 6431: 6337: 4215: 2467: 759: 2987:

missions (Seoul, Daejeon, Busan, and Seoul South), 128 congregations, and twenty-four family history centres.

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never developed to a high status of institutional and civic religion) gave a free hand to Christian churches.

2771:. He established a grass roots lay Catholic movement in Korea. However, the writings of the Jesuit missionary 2356: 6716: 3682: 2454: 2039: 4396:(in Korean). Andong National: Modern and Contemporary history. 15 December 2010. p. 228. Archived from 184:

access to the internet. Both the Buddhist and the Catholic communities criticised the 2015 census' results.

6962: 3698: 3686: 3127: 2896: 4104: 6921: 6826: 4369:[South Korea National Statistical Office's 19th Population and Housing Census (2015)] (in Korean) 4347:[South Korea National Statistical Office's 19th Population and Housing Census (2015)] (in Korean) 4325:[South Korea National Statistical Office's 19th Population and Housing Census (2015)] (in Korean) 3458:

were founded between the end of the 19th century and the early decades of the 20th century. They include

3027: 38: 6396:"Proud Moments: Sikhs in Korea now can acquire citizenship while keeping their articles of faith intact" 5623: 2415: 6307: 5330: 4271: 3516: 3484:) defines a family of religions founded in the early 20th century that emphasise magical practices and 2991: 2962: 2961:

whose Holy Synod elevated the flourishing Church in Korea in 2004 to the status of a "Metropolis." The

2904: 2194:(7.9%). A small percentage of South Koreans (0.8% in total) are members of other religions, including 95:

century. But they have shown some decline from the year 2000 onwards. Native shamanic religions (i.e.

6931: 6142:

Kim, Andrew Eungi (2002). "Characteristics of Religious Life in South Korea: A Sociological Survey".

3827: 3109: 3096: 2892: 2888: 2430: 2290: 2088: 702: 683: 664: 148: 68: 28: 6271: 5304: 3333:, meaning "source of all being", and of all gods of nature, the utmost god or the supreme mind. The 2994:, the Communion of Churches in Korea and the Council of Denomination Heads for Korean Church Unity. 1479: 179:

traditional data sheets compiled by every family, the 2015 census was largely conducted through the

6876: 6841: 6796: 6648: 6624: 6231: 4008:"[2023 Religious Awareness Survey] Status of religious population and religious activities" 3105: 3100: 2880: 2833: 2286: 117: 2968:

was first established in Seoul in 2013 for Egyptian Copts and Ethiopians residing in South Korea.

2699: 6761: 6656: 4988: 3837: 3604: 2957: 2944: 2450: 2223: 2053: 721: 645: 626: 6367: 5736: 2990:

There are an estimated 2 million South Koreans who attend fringe churches not recognized by the

6886: 6861: 6776: 6756: 6706: 6676: 6666: 5168: 3792: 3043: 3009: 2133: 2129: 5661: 5263:

Buddhist and protestant Korean immigrants: religious beliefs and socioeconomic aspects of life

172: 6972: 6851: 6846: 6726: 5973: 5352: 4997: 3200: 3047: 2858: 2749: 2710: 2453:(372, or the 4th century). Buddhism was the dominant religious and cultural influence in the 2406: 113: 5653: 5598: 5208: 5036: 3681:

have attracted interest among younger South Koreans. Hindu temples in the Korea include the

2907:

and usually invest on School and supporting minorities such as labourers and LGBT in Korea.

6916: 6866: 6821: 6801: 6791: 6691: 3532: 3084: 2680: 2348: 2266: 4580: 4127:

A Comparative Study of Church Growth in Korea and Japan: With Special Application to Japan

3600: 8: 6946: 6891: 6806: 6786: 6671: 6661: 6617: 5174: 3626: 3616: 3455: 2676: 2458: 2328: 2073: 2045: 129: 3982: 112:. The latter never gained the high status of a national religious culture comparable to 6936: 6871: 6836: 6771: 6751: 6741: 6701: 6686: 6681: 6178: 6159: 6054: 5459:"What's behind South Korea's attraction to fringe churches? | South China Morning Post" 5392: 5066: 4943: 4778: 4770: 4299:[Development of Protestantism in South Korea: Positive and Negative Elements]. 3001: 2952: 2948: 2928: 2841: 2376: 2242:

In response to the rapidly changing demographics of religion in South Korea, 여론 속의 여론 (

2092: 152: 4822:

South Korea National Statistical Office's 19th Population and Housing Census (2015): "

4595:

The Power of the Buddhas: the Politics of Buddhism during the Koryŏ Dynasty (918-1392)

4081: 2797:, both meaning religion of Christ) in South Korea is dominated by four denominations: 2668: 2324: 7001: 6977: 6896: 6856: 6831: 6811: 6746: 6721: 6711: 6696: 6562: 6548: 6508: 6494: 6480: 6466: 6441: 6427: 6333: 5795: 5792:

Being Buddhist in a Christian World: Gender and Community in a Korean American Temple

5763: 5739: 5732: 5692: 5665: 5654: 5573:"Inside the South Korean 'doomsday cult' recruiting young Black Christians in the UK" 5504: 5266: 5178: 5002: 4947: 4935: 4782: 4762: 4434: 4211: 4041: 3832: 3780: 3646: 3346: 3322:(rituals), seeking to resolve problems in the patterns of development of human life. 3068: 3035: 2884: 2345: 2147:사당) of the Confucian kinship religion. This was particularly tough under the rule of 2140: 2125: 797: 778: 168: 163: 4931: 6816: 6781: 6736: 6731: 6640: 6151: 5058: 4992: 4927: 4752: 4272:"The Republic of South Korea: Religious Adherents, 2010 (World Christian Database)" 3755: 3470:, thought of as the first proto-Korean kingdom; and a splinter sect of Cheondoism: 3300: 3221: 3178: 3088: 2866: 2845: 2672: 2332: 2069: 873: 854: 155:

was further strengthened, as the Japanese tried to combine native Sindo with their

109: 97: 6456:

Pathways into Korean Language and Culture: Essays in Honor of Young-key Kim-Renaud

6454:. University of British Columbia. Published in: Sang-Oak Lee, Gregory K. Iverson, 1475: 6302: 5757: 5686: 5037:

Korean Buddhism has its own unique characteristics different from other countries

4428: 4088: 3959:[South Koreans Among Least Likely to Believe in God Among 26 Countries]. 3884: 3842: 3739: 3501: 3496:). There are more than a hundred "Jeungsan religions," including the now defunct 3272: 3046:

that originated within Christianity. Other fringe Christian churches include the

2874: 2857:

from a then-weakened China). The lack of a national religious system compared to

2809: 2798: 2314: 2255: 2207: 2191: 2187: 2164: 2020: 2002: 1890: 1857: 1505: 1443: 1020: 587: 156: 133: 48: 3983:"Religion : Korea.net : The official website of the Republic of Korea" 3381:. There has been of a revival of shamanism in South Korea in most recent times. 87:

are the dominant confessions among those who affiliate with a formal religion.

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Les Missions étrangères: Trois siècles et demi d'histoire et d'aventure en Asie

5062: 3956: 3764: 3714: 3630: 3485: 3378: 3013: 2997: 2837: 2352: 2148: 167:

Throughout the second half of the 20th century, the South Korean state enacted

151:

in the first half of the 20th century, the identification of Christianity with

4757: 4740: 3621:

Only few contemporary South Koreans identify as adherents of Confucianism (유교

3511:

There are also a number of small religious sects, which have sprung up around

3466:), which has as its central creed the worship of Dangun, legendary founder of 3230: 3159: 2229: 7020: 6995: 4939: 4766: 4564: 4201: 4007: 3489: 3023: 2936:

policies. Catholicism in Korea grew significantly during the 1970s to 1980s.

2806: 2735: 2471: 2364: 2247: 2183: 2152: 1895: 1510: 1025: 592: 76: 64: 3262: 2931:") where Confucian influence was not as strong as in the south. Before 1948 2719: 6529:

Development of Protestantism in South Korea: Positive and Negative Elements

3760: 3318: 3238: 3092: 2921:

The penetration of Western ideas and Christianity in Korea became known as

2772: 2558: 2529: 2199: 2195: 2179: 2160: 2084: 1994: 1990: 1849: 1845: 1435: 1431: 835: 816: 72: 4888: 4862: 7005: 6505:

Shamans, Nostalgias, and the IMF: South Korean Popular Religion in Motion

3801: 3772: 3564: 3512: 3493: 3477: 3437: 3370: 3304: 3251: 2983:

in 1951, which had 81,628 members in 2012 with one temple in Seoul, four

2764: 2609: 2587: 2546: 2498: 2493: 2402: 2398: 2219: 2170:

According to Pew Research Center (2010), about 46% of the population had

2010: 1865: 1451: 956: 945: 740: 597: 80: 6253: 4774: 3515:("Rooster-Dragon Mountain", always one of Korea's most-sacred areas) in 2513:, and it operates most of the country's old and famous temples, such as 2068:

The Joseon kingdom (1392–1910), adopted an especially strict version of

6163: 5070: 3505: 3497: 3459: 3390: 3366: 3365:. Muism has exerted an influence on some Korean new religions, such as 2980: 2760: 2422: 2215: 2203: 2171: 2097: 2006: 1998: 1861: 1853: 1447: 1439: 4741:"The paradox of change: Religion and fertility decline in South Korea" 4207:

The Real North Korea: Life and Politics in the Failed Stalinist Utopia

2487:

There are a number of different schools in Korean Buddhism (대한불교/大韓佛敎

1474:

Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on

5547:"South Korean pastor jailed for raping followers as 'order from God'" 4705:, Volume 4, Number 2, October 2013. pp. 51-66 / 10.1353/jkr.2013.0010 3776: 3702: 3555: 3425: 3406: 3150: 2932: 2870: 2817: 2533: 2360: 2337: 6155: 3744: 6609: 3918:, in the Pyongyang area. It is reasonable to believe that the word 3805: 3520: 3471: 3467: 3211: 2825: 2598: 2537: 2518: 2514: 2463: 2426: 2251: 2175: 2044:

Before the introduction of Buddhism, all Koreans believed in their

1885: 1500: 1015: 180: 84: 6559:

Religion and Social Formation in Korea: Minjung and Millenarianism

4542:[Population by Gender, Age, and Religion - City/Country]. 4509:[Population by Gender, Age, and Religion - City/Country]. 3504:(대순진리회), an offshoot of the still existing Taegeukdo (태극도), while 2741:

Jeil Presbyterian Church of Suwon, in Gyeonggi Province, by night.

2662: 6598: 5688:

The Chinese rites controversy: from its beginning to modern times

3866: 3797: 3678: 3442: 3410: 3401: 3203:, Korean Sindo never developed into a national religious culture. 3064: 2768: 2763:

did not arrive in Korea until 1794, a decade after the return of

2541: 2506: 102: 4174: 4172: 4170: 4121: 4119: 4117: 3114: 6586: 6275: 6212:, edited by Tu Wei-ming, (Harvard University Press, 1996) p 192 4984: 3694: 3634: 3582: 3572: 3415: 3342: 3196: 2923: 2916: 2862: 2777: 2706: 2297: 2057: 142: 137: 121: 6050:"In the age of the Internet, Korean shamans regain popularity" 5049:

Pye, Michael (2002). "Won Buddhism as a Korean New Religion".

3308:, which denotes priests both male and female. The role of the 2977:

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in South Korea

2280: 2021:

Status of religious population and religious activities (2023)

579:

The percentage of religious beliefs by region in Korea (2015)

4961: 4959: 4957: 4725: 4723: 4693: 4691: 4689: 4663: 4661: 4605: 4603: 4167: 4160: 4158: 4156: 4137: 4135: 4114: 3666: 3662: 3295:

if male, although other names and locutions are used. Korean

3282: 3256: 3072: 3060: 2726: 2510: 2502: 2383: 2211: 2061: 607: 3429:, the god of the universal Heaven in traditional shamanism. 2568: 2182:. According to 2015 national census, 56.1% are irreligious, 1004: 5966:"Korean Religious Culture and Its Affinity to Christianity" 5089:[Andong National: Modern and Contemporary history] 4916:"A Cohort Analysis of Religious Population Change in Korea" 3674: 3670: 3313: 3122: 2550:. Cheontae orders requires their monastics to be celibate. 125: 5997: 5995: 5097:(in Korean). 15 December 2010. p. 228. Archived from 4954: 4720: 4686: 4658: 4600: 4483:[Population of Religions by Region, Gender, Age]. 4246: 4153: 4132: 3625:). Korean intellectuals historically developed a distinct 3242:, a shrine for the worship of Hwanin, Hwanung, and Dangun. 2091:(1910–1945), the already formed link of Christianity with 6356:(1997). Korean Social Science Research Council. pp. 33–53 5971:. Korea University, Sociology of Religion. Archived from 4099: 4097: 3603:

was first introduced to Korea by an American woman named

3527:) also claims to have thousands of South Korean members. 2263:

A Cohort Analysis of Religious Population Change in Korea

1875: 6208:

Koh, Byong-ik. "Confucianism in Contemporary Korea," In

4679: 4677: 4675: 4673: 4642: 4640: 4638: 4188: 4186: 4184: 6517:

Lee Chi-ran. Chief Director, Haedong Younghan Academy.

5992: 4713: 4711: 4574: 4572: 4457:[Population by Cities, Age, Gender, Religion]. 2440: 2382:

A building of the Samgwangsa (temple built in 1969) in

2273:

The study performed by the research journal, 여론 속의 여론 (

4094: 2901:

Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia

1489: 21:

Status of religious population in South Korea in 2023

6092: 6090: 6080: 6078: 6076: 6074: 5660:. Continuum International Publishing Group. pp. 4699:

Into the Sunset: Ch’ŏndogyo in North Korea, 1945–1950

4670: 4635: 4181: 4067: 4065: 4063: 4061: 4059: 4057: 3922:

is an ancient authentic designation for male shamans.

3673:

migrant community. However, Hindu traditions such as

3345:, Korean religion has also similarities with Chinese 3249:

In contemporary Korean language the shaman-priest or

3078: 4708: 4569: 2163:

had 131 temples in 1969 and 418 in 1997. Similarly,

6224:"Sunggyun-gwan, Sanctuary of Confucianism in Korea" 5756:Launay, Marcel; Moussay, Gérard (24 January 2008). 4430:

Religion and Modernity: An International Comparison

4023:"Religion and Spirituality in East Asian Societies" 3053: 2574:907 major Korean Buddhist temples by school (2005) 2536:Buddhism, which also permits its priests to marry. 6087: 6071: 5972: 5731:, Editions Eglises d'Asie, 128 Rue du Bac, Paris, 5624:"Seoul cult leader jailed for rape - Taipei Times" 5415:"LDS Church announces creation of 58 new missions" 5265:. LFB Scholarly Publishing LLC. pp. 137–138. 5128:According to figures compiled by the South Korean 4054: 3405:("Eastern Learning") movement that was founded by 2767:, a diplomat who was the first baptised Korean in 5749: 3981:Service (KOCIS), Korean Culture and Information. 3440:where Cheondoism is viewed positively as a folk ( 3312:is to act as intermediary between the spirits or 7018: 169:measures to further marginalise indigenous Sindo 6458:. Pajigong Press, Seoul, 2003. pp. 471–507 5762:. Librairie Académique Perrin. pp. 77–83. 4427:Pollack, Detlef; Rosta, Gergely (23 May 2024). 2754: 2663:Buddhism's syncretic influence on Korea culture 2524: 5794:, University of Washington Press, p. 49, 5488:. New York, NY: New York Learned Publications. 5486:Unificationism: A New Philosophy and Worldview 4619: 4617: 4615: 4082:"Global Index of Religiosity and Atheism 2012" 2482: 6625: 6571:Sorensen, Clark W. University of Washington. 5755: 5525:"'Moonies' launch political party in S Korea" 4738: 3576:(private Confucian school) of the Joseon era. 6520:The Emergence of National Religions in Korea 6210:Confucian Traditions in East Asian Modernity 5678: 5287:Women in the History of Catholicism in Korea 4426: 4046:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3888: 3691:Himalayan Meditation and Yoga Sadhana Mandir 3454:Apart from Cheondoism, other sects based on 3286: 3276: 3260: 3191:religion") and "Sindo" (신도) or "Sinism" (신교 3183:Korean shamanism, also known as "Muism" (무교 2186:represents (19.7%) of the total population, 2089:absorption of Korea into the Japanese Empire 2056:: the aforementioned Goguryeo in the north, 5395:. churchofjesuschrist.org. 21 February 2012 4889:"[사회지표] 종교 인식 조사 - 종교 활동 및 종교의 영향력" 4863:"[사회지표] 종교 인식 조사 - 종교 활동 및 종교의 영향력" 4837:"6 facts about Christianity in South Korea" 4816: 4612: 3980: 3588:Ritual at a Confucian temple (before 1935). 2281:Protestant attacks on traditional religions 6632: 6618: 5948: 5122: 4739:Yoo, Sam Hyun; Agadjanian, Victor (2021). 4565:https://hrcopinion.co.kr/en/archives/28464 3748:Keijyo Shinto Shrine, prior to 1935, Seoul 2040:Religion in North Korea § Before 1945 5932: 5930: 5712: 5256: 5254: 5252: 5250: 5162: 5160: 4996: 4756: 4251:The Association of Religion Data Archives 3661:) is practiced among South Korea's small 3409:(1824–1864), a member of an impoverished 2979:was established following the baptism of 2569:Growth: Number of temples by denomination 2120:to placate the angry spirits of the dead. 1005:Religious affiliation by year (1950–2015) 6047: 5893: 5891: 5684: 5032: 5030: 4981:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion 4129:. Fuller Theological Seminary. p. 32 ff. 3743: 2336: 2228: 2107: 6368:"Multicultural Korea: Sikhism in Korea" 6202: 5870: 5863: 5861: 5859: 5849: 5847: 5845: 5813:Used in: Chang Soo-kyung, Kim Tae-gon. 5656:Cultural Blending in Korean Death Rites 5647: 5645: 5483: 5305:"[80년대 한국 가톨릭의 결산] 2. 한국교회와 교세" 5135:"인구,가구/시도별 종교인구/시도별 종교인구 (2005년 인구총조사)" 3133: 932:Korean Buddhist temples by sect (2005) 7019: 6479:. Ewha Womans University Press, 2006. 6176: 5927: 5247: 5221:Korean Catholicism Yesterday and Today 5157: 4998:10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.638 4544:Korean Statistical Information Service 4511:Korean Statistical Information Service 4485:Korean Statistical Information Service 4459:Korean Statistical Information Service 4020: 3705:20 km away on outskirt of Seoul. 2449:) entered Korea from China during the 2141:movement to defeat the worship of gods 1876:Religious affiliation by gender (2015) 1428:"—" denotes that no data is available. 6613: 6393: 6365: 5918: 5900: 5888: 5166: 5027: 5015:from the original on 19 February 2019 4534: 4532: 4530: 4528: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4276:Association of Religion Data Archives 3804:for 50 years. The first South Korean 3165:Inner altar of a Sindo shrine, Ansan. 2497:(Korean Zen). Seon is represented by 2303: 6639: 6561:. Walter de Gruyter & Co, 1996. 6547:. University of Hawaii Press, 2007. 6540:) 2014, VOL. 1 NO. 3, ISSN 2374-8133 6507:. University of Hawaii Press, 2010. 6440:. University of Hawaii Press, 2008. 6394:Ahuja, Sanjeev K. (10 August 2020). 6366:Singh, Lakhvinder (13 August 2020). 6221: 5856: 5842: 5651: 5642: 5527:. iol.co.za. Sapa-AFP. 10 March 2003 5498: 5260: 4974: 3954: 3653:List of Hindu temples in South Korea 3500:: the largest in Korea is currently 2441:Arrival and spread since 4th century 1460: 893:Jeju Special Self-Governing Province 6543:Robert E. Buswell, Timothy S. Lee. 6477:Folk-Religion: The Customs in Korea 6306:. 11 September 2008. Archived from 6141: 5963: 5789: 5783: 5437:"Facts and Statistics, South Korea" 5048: 4913: 4111:, 20/12/2016. Retrieved 02/07/2017. 3974: 3955:Song, Kyung Ho (4 September 2024). 3942:"1. Religious landscape and change" 3508:(증산도) is the most active overseas. 3172: 3040:Evangelical Baptist Church of Korea 3034:(also known as JMS or Providence), 3020:World Mission Society Church of God 2725:Saint Dionysios Orthodox Church in 1490:Religious affiliation by age (2015) 13: 5461:. 23 February 2020. Archived from 5333:. Public Orthodoxy. 30 August 2017 4824:Religion organisations' statistics 4525: 4415: 3823:Freedom of religion in South Korea 3818:Freedom of religion in North Korea 3729:History of the Jews in South Korea 3538: 3079:Opposition to syncretic traditions 3012:founded in South Korea in 1954 by 2784: 2544:lineage in Korea, focusing on the 2321:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism 14: 7038: 6579: 6038:Joon-sik Choi, 2006. pp. 17-18-19 5837:Shamanism: A Concise Introduction 5503:. New York: HSA-UWC. p. 37. 5302: 5244:XXIII, 12, December 1983. pp. 5-7 4975:Acri, Andrea (20 December 2018). 4210:. Oxford University Press, 2014. 2669:Influence of Buddhism on cultures 2325:Influence of Buddhism on cultures 7000: 6991: 6990: 6597: 6585: 6534:Asian American Theological Forum 6387: 6359: 6343: 6322: 6290: 6264: 6246: 6215: 6189: 6170: 6135: 6126: 6117: 6108: 6099: 6062: 6041: 6032: 6018: 6004: 5957: 5939: 5652:Park, Chang-Won (10 June 2010). 5501:True Families: Gateway To Heaven 5439:. LDS Newsroom. 31 December 2012 5417:. Deseret News. 22 February 2013 5198:Religious Intelligence UK Report 3957:"'신의 존재' 믿지 않는 한국인… 26개국 중 최하위권" 3581: 3563: 3554:Shrine of a Confucian school in 3547: 3229: 3210: 3158: 3142: 3054:Causes of growth of Christianity 2851: 2734: 2718: 2698: 2477: 2414: 2391: 2375: 2261:Previous to this sudden change, 2083:As the Japanese tried to impose 1465: 1201: 1198: 1195: 1192: 1189: 1179: 1169: 1154: 1151: 1148: 1145: 1142: 1132: 1122: 1107: 1104: 1101: 1098: 1095: 1085: 1075: 1072: 560: 550: 540: 530: 527: 524: 516: 513: 503: 493: 483: 473: 428: 418: 373: 363: 318: 308: 263: 253: 5954:Jung Young Lee, 1981. pp. 17-18 5909: 5879: 5829: 5820: 5807: 5721: 5616: 5591: 5565: 5539: 5517: 5492: 5477: 5451: 5429: 5407: 5385: 5363: 5345: 5331:"KOREA: FACING ANOTHER THREAT…" 5323: 5296: 5279: 5230: 5213: 5202: 5191: 5111: 5077: 5042: 4968: 4932:10.46349/kjhss.2019.12.43.4.123 4907: 4881: 4855: 4829: 4807: 4798: 4789: 4732: 4649: 4626: 4587: 4558: 4499: 4473: 4447: 4381: 4359: 4337: 4315: 4289: 4264: 4239: 4230: 4221: 4195: 4144: 3873: 3854: 3610: 3595: 2689: 2553: 2532:, is a modern esoteric form of 2237: 573: 187: 6958:British Indian Ocean Territory 6350:Korean Social Sciences Journal 6298:"Korea's Muslims Mark Ramadan" 6274:. KrishnaKorea. Archived from 6272:"ISCKON Vedic Cultural Center" 6048:Sang-Hun, Choe (6 July 2007). 5915:Jung Young Lee, 1981. pp. 5-12 5729:Monseigneur Pigneau de Béhaine 5039:, koreapost.com, Jun 16, 2019. 4074: 4014: 4000: 3948: 3934: 3889: 3449: 3287: 3277: 3261: 2910: 2033: 1: 6424:Korea: The Impossible Country 5876:Jung Young Lee, 1981. pp. 3-4 5238:The Influence of Christianity 5227:XXIV, 8, August 1984. pp. 5-6 4895:(in Korean). 11 November 2020 4869:(in Korean). 11 November 2020 4826:". Retrieved 20 December 2016 4178:Grayson, 2002. p. 158, p. 162 3928: 3759:by overlapping it with their 3683:Sri Radha Shyamasundar Mandir 3384: 3316:and the human plane, through 3149:A Sindo (shamanic) shrine at 2421:Three-storey stone pagoda of 2224:Eastern Orthodox Christianity 2128:into two states in 1945, the 6330:Shaman Ritual Music in Korea 6144:Review of Religious Research 5371:"Kim Ho Jik: Korean Pioneer" 4584:. Columbia University, 2009. 4303:(in Korean). 31 October 2014 4297:"한국의 개신교 발전: 긍정적 요소와 부정적 요소" 4125:Ogata, Mamoru Billy (1984). 4103:Kim Han-soo, Shon Jin-seok. 3848: 3771:There is a tiny presence of 3699:Sri Sri Radha Krishna temple 3687:Sri Lakshmi Narayanan Temple 3531:new religious movements are 3325:Central is interaction with 3299:"shaman" is synonymous with 3199:, contrariwise to it and to 3110:oppose the syncretic aspects 2939: 2897:Anglican Church of Australia 2840:church in the country. Some 2755:Arrival in late 18th century 2705:Jeondong Catholic Church in 2525:Jingak and Cheontae Buddhism 2451:period of the three kingdoms 2103: 993: 990: 985: 982: 977: 974: 969: 966: 961: 955: 950: 944: 7: 6493:. Mouton De Gruyter, 1981. 6463:Korea - A Religious History 6426:. Tuttle Publishing, 2012. 6332:. University of Minnesota. 5936:Jung Young Lee, 1981. p. 21 5924:Jung Young Lee, 1981. p. 13 5906:Jung Young Lee, 1981. p. 17 5897:Jung Young Lee, 1981. p. 18 5835:Used in: Margaret Stutley. 5691:. Loyola University Press. 5484:Matczak, Sebastian (1982). 5353:"마가의 후예 '콥트기독교'… "한국에도 있다"" 5293:XXIV, 8, August 1984. p. 30 5167:Kedar, Nath Tiwari (1997). 5130:National Statistical Office 4703:Journal of Korean Religions 4433:. Oxford University Press. 3811: 3640: 3357:is similar to the Japanese 2966:Coptic Church of Alexandria 2540:is a modern revival of the 2483:Korean Zen or Seon Buddhism 2308: 458: 448: 438: 403: 393: 383: 348: 338: 328: 293: 283: 273: 10: 7043: 6491:Korean Shamanistic Rituals 6416: 5885:Joon-sik Choi, 2006. p. 21 5867:Jung Young Lee, 1981. p. 5 5853:Jung Young Lee, 1981. p. 4 5599:"The Cults of South Korea" 5063:10.1163/156852702760186745 4965:Buswell, Lee. 2007. p. 375 4729:Joon-sik Choi, 2006. p. 17 4667:Grayson, 2002. pp. 157-158 4609:Grayson, 2002. pp. 120-138 4247:"Quality Data on Religion" 4164:Grayson, 2002. pp. 158-161 4150:Grayson, 2002. pp. 155-187 4141:Joon-sik Choi, 2006. p. 15 4080:WIN-Gallup International: 3790: 3786: 3737: 3726: 3722: 3712: 3650: 3644: 3614: 3517:South Chungcheong Province 3388: 3176: 3082: 2992:Christian Council of Korea 2914: 2905:Ganghwa Anglican Cathedral 2789:Christianity (그리스도교/----敎 2747: 2666: 2342:Buddhist expansion in Asia 2318: 2312: 2284: 2037: 2028: 1426: 6986: 6945: 6905: 6647: 6179:"Life of Agnes Alexander" 5727:Mantienne, Frédéric 1999 5685:Minamiki, George (1985). 5139:NSO online KOSIS database 4758:10.4054/DemRes.2021.44.23 4593:Vermeersch, Sem. (2008). 4105:신자 수, 개신교 1위… "종교 없다" 56% 4010:(in Korean). 30 May 2024. 3828:Irreligion in South Korea 3733: 3201:China's religious systems 3106:Fundamentalist Christians 3097:Chinese Rites controversy 2971: 2893:Anglican Church of Canada 2889:Scottish Episcopal Church 2455:North–South States Period 2431:North Gyeongsang Province 2291:Chinese Rites controversy 1987: 1842: 1032: 1029: 1024: 1019: 1014: 1011: 703:Daejeon Metropolitan City 684:Gwangju Metropolitan City 665:Incheon Metropolitan City 209: 206: 203: 200: 197: 194: 6707:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 5815:Korean Shamanism – Muism 5499:Moon, Sun Myung (2013). 5085: 4367:"통계청 제19차 인구주택총조사(2015)" 4345:"통계청 제19차 인구주택총조사(2015)" 4323:"통계청 제19차 인구주택총조사(2015)" 3906:") in the Seoul area or 3783:, in South Korea today. 3708: 3101:Christian fundamentalism 3032:Christian Gospel Mission 2881:Anglican Church of Korea 2834:Yoido Full Gospel Church 2287:Christian fundamentalism 2172:no religious affiliation 1989:Other religions include 1844:Other religions include 1430:Other religions include 118:Vietnamese folk religion 7027:Religion in South Korea 6968:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 6604:Religion in South Korea 6592:Religion in South Korea 5964:Kim, Andrew E. (2000). 5790:Suh, Sharon A. (2004), 5373:. The Ensign. July 1988 4989:Oxford University Press 4914:Lim, Young Bin (2019). 4227:Kendall, 2010. pp. 4-17 4087:21 October 2013 at the 3838:Religion in North Korea 3689:in metropolitan Seoul, 3044:new religious movements 2958:Ecumenical Patriarchate 2470:regions, as well as in 722:Ulsan Metropolitan City 646:Daegu Metropolitan City 627:Busan Metropolitan City 6602:Quotations related to 6177:Troxel, Duane (1998). 6001:Kendall, 2010. pp. 4-7 5718:Mantienne, pp. 177-82. 5210:North Korea, about.com 4540:"성, 연령 및 종교별 인구 - 시군구" 3793:Sikhism in South Korea 3749: 3010:new religious movement 2401:altar in the Gaeamsa, 2368: 2234: 2121: 2060:in the southwest, and 6545:Christianity in Korea 6328:Yi, Yong-sik (2010). 5309:www.catholictimes.org 5104:on 10 December 2014. 4683:Grayson, 2002. p. 158 4655:Grayson, 2002. p. 157 4646:Grayson, 2002. p. 155 4632:Grayson, 2002. p. 137 4192:Grayson, 2002. p. 163 3860:Cognates of Japanese 3747: 3067:, and the regions of 3048:Manmin Central Church 2750:Christianity in Korea 2711:North Jeolla Province 2407:North Jeolla Province 2340: 2267:Korean Citation Index 2232: 2111: 602:no religion or other 149:Japanese colonisation 114:Chinese folk religion 6882:United Arab Emirates 6594:at Wikimedia Commons 6400:Asian Community News 6310:on 13 September 2008 6234:on 24 September 2016 6123:Baker, 2008, p. 986; 5261:Kwon, Okyun (2003). 5170:Comparative Religion 4745:Demographic Research 4717:Kendall, 2010. p. 10 4581:Korea, 300 to 600 CE 4578:Asia For Educators: 4236:Baker, 2008. pp. 4-5 4071:Pyong Gap Min, 2014. 3134:Indigenous religions 3085:Religious syncretism 2801:(천주교/天主敎 pronounced 2681:Religious syncretism 2275:Yeolon Sog-ui Yeolon 2244:Yeolon Sog-ui Yeolon 2134:anti-communist south 940:number of temples（% 584:Administrative area 6909:limited recognition 6465:. Routledge, 2002. 6438:Korean Spirituality 6105:Baker, 2008. p. 118 5817:. Jimoondang, 1998. 5628:www.taipeitimes.com 5465:on 23 February 2020 5175:Motilal Banarsidass 5145:on 8 September 2006 5118:At Korean Knowledge 4977:"Maritime Buddhism" 4841:Pew Research Center 4507:"성/연령/종교별 인구 - 시군구" 4403:on 10 December 2014 4027:Pew Research Center 3635:Shrine of Confucius 3627:Korean Confucianism 3617:Korean Confucianism 3456:indigenous religion 2677:Culture of Buddhism 2575: 2459:Korean Confucianism 2329:Culture of Buddhism 2074:Korean Confucianism 2048:socially guided by 2046:indigenous religion 967:Beophwa Order (법화종) 933: 580: 130:Korean Confucianism 6461:James H. Grayson. 6278:on 6 December 2012 6132:Baker, 2008. p. 93 6114:Baker, 2008. p. 85 6055:The New York Times 5980:on 18 October 2015 5945:Sorensen, p. 19-20 5839:. Routledge, 2003. 5826:Lee Chi-ran, p. 13 5746:, pp. 177–82. 5630:. 23 November 2018 5553:. 22 November 2018 4920:Hyonsang-gwa-Insik 4893:한국리서치 정기조사 여론속의 여론 4867:한국리서치 정기조사 여론속의 여론 3750: 3685:in central Seoul, 3028:Shincheonji Church 3002:Unification Church 2953:Russian Revolution 2949:Russo-Japanese War 2945:Orthodox Christian 2929:Manchurian revival 2842:non-denominational 2573: 2369: 2304:Dominant religions 2235: 2122: 2093:Korean nationalism 983:Wonhyo Order (원효종) 931: 578: 153:Korean nationalism 7014: 7013: 6951:other territories 6641:Religion in Asia 6590:Media related to 6450:Donald L. Baker. 6436:Donald L. Baker. 6183:bahai-library.com 6096:Lee, 1996. p. 110 6084:Lee, 1996. p. 105 6068:Lee, 1996. p. 109 5769:978-2-262-02571-7 5698:978-0-8294-0457-9 5671:978-1-4411-1749-6 5510:978-1-931166-31-7 5272:978-1-931202-65-7 4813:Baker, 2003. p. 5 4804:Baker, 2008. p. 3 4795:Baker, 2008. p. 4 4546:(in Korean). 2015 4513:(in Korean). 2005 4487:(in Korean). 1995 4481:"행정구역/성/연령별 종교인구" 4461:(in Korean). 1985 4440:978-0-19-880166-5 3914:"), shortened to 3902:(literally "male 3833:Religion in Korea 3781:Daehan Cheolligyo 3647:Hinduism in Korea 3570:Chisan Seowon, a 3361:and the Ryukyuan 3351:dangul dangul-ari 3341:Besides Japanese 3236:Pavilions of the 3042:are other Korean 3036:Grace Road Church 2885:Church of England 2759:Foreign Catholic 2660: 2659: 2491:), including the 2346:Mahayana Buddhism 2254:, 13% believe in 2250:, 16% believe in 2126:division of Korea 2018: 2017: 2014: 1873: 1872: 1869: 1487: 1486: 1459: 1458: 1455: 1002: 1001: 998: 997: 975:Zen Academy (선학원) 927: 926: 798:Chungcheongnam-do 779:Chungcheongbuk-do 572: 571: 164:division of Korea 7034: 7004: 6994: 6993: 6963:Christmas Island 6649:Sovereign states 6634: 6627: 6620: 6611: 6610: 6601: 6589: 6503:Laurel Kendall. 6489:Jung Young Lee. 6411: 6410: 6408: 6406: 6391: 6385: 6384: 6382: 6380: 6363: 6357: 6347: 6341: 6326: 6320: 6319: 6317: 6315: 6294: 6288: 6287: 6285: 6283: 6268: 6262: 6261: 6250: 6244: 6243: 6241: 6239: 6230:. Archived from 6219: 6213: 6206: 6200: 6193: 6187: 6186: 6174: 6168: 6167: 6139: 6133: 6130: 6124: 6121: 6115: 6112: 6106: 6103: 6097: 6094: 6085: 6082: 6069: 6066: 6060: 6059: 6045: 6039: 6036: 6030: 6029: 6022: 6016: 6015: 6008: 6002: 5999: 5990: 5989: 5987: 5985: 5979: 5976: 5970: 5961: 5955: 5952: 5946: 5943: 5937: 5934: 5925: 5922: 5916: 5913: 5907: 5904: 5898: 5895: 5886: 5883: 5877: 5874: 5868: 5865: 5854: 5851: 5840: 5833: 5827: 5824: 5818: 5811: 5805: 5804: 5787: 5781: 5780: 5778: 5776: 5753: 5747: 5725: 5719: 5716: 5710: 5709: 5707: 5705: 5682: 5676: 5675: 5659: 5649: 5640: 5639: 5637: 5635: 5620: 5614: 5613: 5611: 5609: 5595: 5589: 5588: 5586: 5584: 5569: 5563: 5562: 5560: 5558: 5543: 5537: 5536: 5534: 5532: 5521: 5515: 5514: 5496: 5490: 5489: 5481: 5475: 5474: 5472: 5470: 5455: 5449: 5448: 5446: 5444: 5433: 5427: 5426: 5424: 5422: 5411: 5405: 5404: 5402: 5400: 5389: 5383: 5382: 5380: 5378: 5367: 5361: 5360: 5349: 5343: 5342: 5340: 5338: 5327: 5321: 5320: 5318: 5316: 5300: 5294: 5283: 5277: 5276: 5258: 5245: 5234: 5228: 5217: 5211: 5206: 5200: 5195: 5189: 5188: 5164: 5155: 5154: 5152: 5150: 5141:. Archived from 5126: 5120: 5115: 5109: 5108: 5103: 5092: 5081: 5075: 5074: 5046: 5040: 5034: 5025: 5024: 5022: 5020: 5000: 4972: 4966: 4963: 4952: 4951: 4911: 4905: 4904: 4902: 4900: 4885: 4879: 4878: 4876: 4874: 4859: 4853: 4852: 4850: 4848: 4843:. 12 August 2014 4833: 4827: 4820: 4814: 4811: 4805: 4802: 4796: 4793: 4787: 4786: 4760: 4736: 4730: 4727: 4718: 4715: 4706: 4695: 4684: 4681: 4668: 4665: 4656: 4653: 4647: 4644: 4633: 4630: 4624: 4621: 4610: 4607: 4598: 4591: 4585: 4576: 4567: 4562: 4556: 4555: 4553: 4551: 4536: 4523: 4522: 4520: 4518: 4503: 4497: 4496: 4494: 4492: 4477: 4471: 4470: 4468: 4466: 4451: 4445: 4444: 4424: 4413: 4412: 4410: 4408: 4402: 4395: 4385: 4379: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4363: 4357: 4356: 4354: 4352: 4341: 4335: 4334: 4332: 4330: 4319: 4313: 4312: 4310: 4308: 4293: 4287: 4286: 4284: 4282: 4268: 4262: 4261: 4259: 4257: 4243: 4237: 4234: 4228: 4225: 4219: 4199: 4193: 4190: 4179: 4176: 4165: 4162: 4151: 4148: 4142: 4139: 4130: 4123: 4112: 4101: 4092: 4078: 4072: 4069: 4052: 4051: 4045: 4037: 4035: 4033: 4018: 4012: 4011: 4004: 3998: 3997: 3995: 3993: 3978: 3972: 3971: 3969: 3967: 3952: 3946: 3945: 3938: 3923: 3892: 3891: 3879:Another term is 3877: 3871: 3858: 3585: 3567: 3551: 3395:Cheondoism (천도교 3290: 3289: 3280: 3279: 3267:) is known as a 3266: 3265: 3233: 3222:Mungyeong Saejae 3214: 3179:Korean shamanism 3173:Korean shamanism 3162: 3146: 3089:Culture of Korea 2963:non-Chalcedonian 2951:in 1904 and the 2846:Eastern Orthodox 2828:(침례교 pronounced 2820:(감리교 pronounced 2812:(장로교 pronounced 2738: 2722: 2702: 2673:Culture of Korea 2576: 2572: 2445:Buddhism (불교/佛敎 2418: 2395: 2379: 2333:Culture of Korea 2265:launched by the 2070:Neo-Confucianism 1988: 1900:Other religions 1880: 1879: 1843: 1515:Other religions 1494: 1493: 1469: 1468: 1461: 1427: 1030:Other religions 1009: 1008: 934: 930: 874:Gyeongsangnam-do 855:Gyeongsangbuk-do 581: 577: 574: 306:(Protestantism) 251: 192: 191: 126:ancestor worship 57: Other (2%) 56: 46: 36: 26: 7042: 7041: 7037: 7036: 7035: 7033: 7032: 7031: 7017: 7016: 7015: 7010: 6982: 6950: 6941: 6922:Northern Cyprus 6908: 6901: 6643: 6638: 6582: 6557:Sang Taek Lee. 6526:Pyong Gap Min, 6475:Joon-sik Choi. 6419: 6414: 6404: 6402: 6392: 6388: 6378: 6376: 6364: 6360: 6348: 6344: 6327: 6323: 6313: 6311: 6303:The Chosun Ilbo 6296: 6295: 6291: 6281: 6279: 6270: 6269: 6265: 6254:"Munmyo Shrine" 6252: 6251: 6247: 6237: 6235: 6220: 6216: 6207: 6203: 6194: 6190: 6175: 6171: 6156:10.2307/3512000 6140: 6136: 6131: 6127: 6122: 6118: 6113: 6109: 6104: 6100: 6095: 6088: 6083: 6072: 6067: 6063: 6046: 6042: 6037: 6033: 6024: 6023: 6019: 6010: 6009: 6005: 6000: 5993: 5983: 5981: 5977: 5968: 5962: 5958: 5953: 5949: 5944: 5940: 5935: 5928: 5923: 5919: 5914: 5910: 5905: 5901: 5896: 5889: 5884: 5880: 5875: 5871: 5866: 5857: 5852: 5843: 5834: 5830: 5825: 5821: 5812: 5808: 5802: 5788: 5784: 5774: 5772: 5770: 5754: 5750: 5726: 5722: 5717: 5713: 5703: 5701: 5699: 5683: 5679: 5672: 5650: 5643: 5633: 5631: 5622: 5621: 5617: 5607: 5605: 5603:thediplomat.com 5597: 5596: 5592: 5582: 5580: 5579:. 9 August 2022 5577:The Independent 5571: 5570: 5566: 5556: 5554: 5545: 5544: 5540: 5530: 5528: 5523: 5522: 5518: 5511: 5497: 5493: 5482: 5478: 5468: 5466: 5457: 5456: 5452: 5442: 5440: 5435: 5434: 5430: 5420: 5418: 5413: 5412: 5408: 5398: 5396: 5391: 5390: 5386: 5376: 5374: 5369: 5368: 5364: 5359:. 19 July 2016. 5351: 5350: 5346: 5336: 5334: 5329: 5328: 5324: 5314: 5312: 5301: 5297: 5284: 5280: 5273: 5259: 5248: 5235: 5231: 5218: 5214: 5207: 5203: 5196: 5192: 5185: 5165: 5158: 5148: 5146: 5133: 5127: 5123: 5116: 5112: 5101: 5090: 5087: 5083: 5082: 5078: 5047: 5043: 5035: 5028: 5018: 5016: 5009: 4973: 4969: 4964: 4955: 4912: 4908: 4898: 4896: 4887: 4886: 4882: 4872: 4870: 4861: 4860: 4856: 4846: 4844: 4835: 4834: 4830: 4821: 4817: 4812: 4808: 4803: 4799: 4794: 4790: 4737: 4733: 4728: 4721: 4716: 4709: 4696: 4687: 4682: 4671: 4666: 4659: 4654: 4650: 4645: 4636: 4631: 4627: 4622: 4613: 4608: 4601: 4592: 4588: 4577: 4570: 4563: 4559: 4549: 4547: 4538: 4537: 4526: 4516: 4514: 4505: 4504: 4500: 4490: 4488: 4479: 4478: 4474: 4464: 4462: 4455:"시도/연령/성별 종교인구" 4453: 4452: 4448: 4441: 4425: 4416: 4406: 4404: 4400: 4393: 4387: 4386: 4382: 4372: 4370: 4365: 4364: 4360: 4350: 4348: 4343: 4342: 4338: 4328: 4326: 4321: 4320: 4316: 4306: 4304: 4295: 4294: 4290: 4280: 4278: 4270: 4269: 4265: 4255: 4253: 4245: 4244: 4240: 4235: 4231: 4226: 4222: 4200: 4196: 4191: 4182: 4177: 4168: 4163: 4154: 4149: 4145: 4140: 4133: 4124: 4115: 4102: 4095: 4089:Wayback Machine 4079: 4075: 4070: 4055: 4039: 4038: 4031: 4029: 4019: 4015: 4006: 4005: 4001: 3991: 3989: 3979: 3975: 3965: 3963: 3961:Christian Today 3953: 3949: 3944:. 14 June 2024. 3940: 3939: 3935: 3931: 3926: 3878: 3874: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3843:Taoism in Korea 3814: 3795: 3789: 3742: 3740:Shinto in Korea 3736: 3731: 3725: 3717: 3711: 3655: 3649: 3643: 3619: 3613: 3605:Agnes Alexander 3598: 3593: 3592: 3591: 3590: 3589: 3586: 3578: 3577: 3568: 3560: 3559: 3552: 3541: 3539:Other religions 3502:Daesun Jinrihoe 3452: 3393: 3387: 3291:) if female or 3247: 3246: 3245: 3244: 3243: 3234: 3226: 3225: 3215: 3181: 3175: 3170: 3169: 3168: 3167: 3166: 3163: 3155: 3154: 3147: 3136: 3103: 3081: 3056: 2974: 2942: 2919: 2913: 2854: 2836:is the largest 2810:Presbyterianism 2787: 2757: 2752: 2746: 2745: 2744: 2743: 2742: 2739: 2731: 2730: 2723: 2715: 2714: 2703: 2692: 2683: 2665: 2601:Order (천태종/天台宗) 2571: 2556: 2527: 2485: 2480: 2443: 2438: 2437: 2436: 2435: 2434: 2419: 2411: 2410: 2396: 2388: 2387: 2380: 2335: 2317: 2315:Korean Buddhism 2311: 2306: 2293: 2283: 2240: 2208:Daesun Jinrihoe 2188:Korean Buddhism 2165:Daesun Jinrihoe 2139:The so-called " 2130:communist north 2106: 2042: 2036: 2031: 2023: 2003:Daesun Jinrihoe 1983: 1982: 1976: 1975: 1969: 1968: 1962: 1961: 1955: 1954: 1943: 1942: 1936: 1935: 1929: 1928: 1922: 1921: 1915: 1914: 1903:No affiliation 1878: 1858:Daesun Jinrihoe 1838: 1837: 1831: 1830: 1824: 1823: 1817: 1816: 1810: 1809: 1798: 1797: 1791: 1790: 1784: 1783: 1777: 1776: 1770: 1769: 1758: 1757: 1751: 1750: 1744: 1743: 1737: 1736: 1730: 1729: 1718: 1717: 1711: 1710: 1704: 1703: 1697: 1696: 1690: 1689: 1678: 1677: 1671: 1670: 1664: 1663: 1657: 1656: 1650: 1649: 1638: 1637: 1631: 1630: 1624: 1623: 1617: 1616: 1610: 1609: 1598: 1597: 1591: 1590: 1584: 1583: 1577: 1576: 1570: 1569: 1558: 1557: 1551: 1550: 1544: 1543: 1537: 1536: 1530: 1529: 1518:No affiliation 1492: 1483: 1470: 1466: 1444:Daesun Jinrihoe 1429: 1419: 1418: 1409: 1408: 1399: 1398: 1389: 1388: 1379: 1378: 1364: 1363: 1354: 1353: 1344: 1343: 1334: 1333: 1324: 1323: 1309: 1308: 1299: 1298: 1289: 1288: 1279: 1278: 1269: 1268: 1254: 1253: 1244: 1243: 1234: 1233: 1224: 1223: 1214: 1213: 1187: 1186: 1177: 1176: 1167: 1166: 1140: 1139: 1130: 1129: 1120: 1119: 1093: 1092: 1083: 1082: 1033:No affiliation 1007: 911:Korea National 588:Korean Buddhism 568: 567: 558: 557: 548: 547: 538: 537: 511: 510: 501: 500: 491: 490: 481: 480: 466: 465: 456: 455: 446: 445: 436: 435: 426: 425: 411: 410: 401: 400: 391: 390: 381: 380: 371: 370: 356: 355: 346: 345: 336: 335: 326: 325: 316: 315: 301: 300: 291: 290: 281: 280: 271: 270: 261: 260: 249: 248: 190: 134:Korean Buddhism 61: 60: 59: 58: 54: 52: 44: 42: 34: 32: 24: 12: 11: 5: 7040: 7030: 7029: 7012: 7011: 7009: 7008: 6998: 6987: 6984: 6983: 6981: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6954: 6952: 6943: 6942: 6940: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6913: 6911: 6903: 6902: 6900: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6884: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6849: 6844: 6839: 6834: 6829: 6824: 6819: 6814: 6809: 6804: 6799: 6794: 6789: 6784: 6779: 6774: 6769: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6744: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6653: 6651: 6645: 6644: 6637: 6636: 6629: 6622: 6614: 6608: 6607: 6595: 6581: 6580:External links 6578: 6577: 6576: 6569: 6555: 6541: 6524: 6515: 6501: 6487: 6473: 6459: 6448: 6434: 6422:Daniel Tudor. 6418: 6415: 6413: 6412: 6386: 6373:Korea IT Times 6358: 6342: 6321: 6289: 6263: 6245: 6222:Byung-ju, An. 6214: 6201: 6188: 6169: 6150:(4): 291–310. 6134: 6125: 6116: 6107: 6098: 6086: 6070: 6061: 6040: 6031: 6017: 6003: 5991: 5956: 5947: 5938: 5926: 5917: 5908: 5899: 5887: 5878: 5869: 5855: 5841: 5828: 5819: 5806: 5800: 5782: 5768: 5748: 5720: 5711: 5697: 5677: 5670: 5641: 5615: 5590: 5564: 5538: 5516: 5509: 5491: 5476: 5450: 5428: 5406: 5384: 5362: 5344: 5322: 5295: 5291:Korean Journal 5278: 5271: 5246: 5242:Korean Journal 5229: 5225:Korean Journal 5219:Choi Suk-woo. 5212: 5201: 5190: 5183: 5156: 5121: 5110: 5076: 5057:(2): 113–141. 5041: 5026: 5007: 4967: 4953: 4926:(4): 123–150. 4906: 4880: 4854: 4828: 4815: 4806: 4797: 4788: 4731: 4719: 4707: 4685: 4669: 4657: 4648: 4634: 4625: 4611: 4599: 4586: 4568: 4557: 4524: 4498: 4472: 4446: 4439: 4414: 4380: 4358: 4336: 4314: 4288: 4263: 4238: 4229: 4220: 4202:Lankov, Andrei 4194: 4180: 4166: 4152: 4143: 4131: 4113: 4109:The Chosunilbo 4093: 4073: 4053: 4013: 3999: 3973: 3947: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3925: 3924: 3872: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3846: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3813: 3810: 3791:Main article: 3788: 3785: 3765:Shinto shrines 3738:Main article: 3735: 3732: 3727:Main article: 3724: 3721: 3715:Islam in Korea 3713:Main article: 3710: 3707: 3697:in Seoul, and 3657:Hinduism (힌두교 3645:Main article: 3642: 3639: 3631:Korean culture 3615:Main article: 3612: 3609: 3597: 3594: 3587: 3580: 3579: 3569: 3562: 3561: 3553: 3546: 3545: 3544: 3543: 3542: 3540: 3537: 3535:in character. 3451: 3448: 3389:Main article: 3386: 3383: 3379:Park Chung-hee 3235: 3228: 3227: 3216: 3209: 3208: 3207: 3206: 3205: 3177:Main article: 3174: 3171: 3164: 3157: 3156: 3148: 3141: 3140: 3139: 3138: 3137: 3135: 3132: 3080: 3077: 3055: 3052: 3014:Sun Myung Moon 2998:Sun Myung Moon 2973: 2970: 2941: 2938: 2912: 2909: 2859:those of China 2853: 2850: 2786: 2783: 2756: 2753: 2748:Main article: 2740: 2733: 2732: 2724: 2717: 2716: 2704: 2697: 2696: 2695: 2694: 2693: 2691: 2688: 2664: 2661: 2658: 2657: 2654: 2650: 2649: 2646: 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The word 3880: 3875: 3865: 3864:and Chinese 3861: 3856: 3796: 3770: 3761:State Shinto 3754: 3751: 3718: 3658: 3656: 3622: 3620: 3611:Confucianism 3601:Baháʼí Faith 3599: 3596:Bahá'í Faith 3571: 3529: 3524: 3510: 3481: 3476: 3463: 3453: 3446:) movement. 3441: 3435: 3431: 3424: 3420: 3414: 3400: 3396: 3394: 3375: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3340: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3324: 3317: 3309: 3303: 3296: 3292: 3268: 3250: 3248: 3239:Samseonggung 3237: 3217: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3182: 3121: 3119: 3108:continue to 3104: 3093:Confucianism 3057: 3018: 3005: 2996: 2989: 2975: 2943: 2922: 2920: 2879: 2875:Presbyterian 2855: 2829: 2821: 2813: 2802: 2794: 2790: 2788: 2776: 2773:Matteo Ricci 2761:missionaries 2758: 2690:Christianity 2684: 2643:Wonhyo Order 2562: 2559:Won Buddhism 2557: 2554:Won Buddhism 2545: 2530:Jingak Order 2528: 2492: 2489:Daehanbulgyo 2488: 2486: 2446: 2444: 2294: 2274: 2272: 2262: 2260: 2243: 2241: 2238:2015–present 2200:Confucianism 2196:Won Buddhism 2178:and 29% are 2169: 2161:Won Buddhism 2158: 2144: 2138: 2123: 2117: 2113: 2085:State Shinto 2082: 2078: 2067: 2049: 2043: 2024: 1995:Confucianism 1991:Won Buddhism 1850:Confucianism 1846:Won Buddhism 1436:Confucianism 1432:Won Buddhism 836:Jeollanam-do 817:Jeollabuk-do 247:Christianity 188:Demographics 177: 161: 157:State Shinto 141: 120:and Japan's 107: 96: 93: 89: 73:Christianity 62: 39:Christianity 20: 15: 7006:Asia portal 6907:States with 6827:Philippines 6767:South Korea 6762:North Korea 6657:Afghanistan 6405:26 February 6379:26 February 6197:한국학연구원 학술대회 5775:20 February 5704:20 February 5337:25 February 5311:(in Korean) 5285:Kim Ok-hy. 4899:25 February 4873:28 February 4847:13 February 4751:: 537–562. 3992:13 February 3966:5 September 3900:sana mudang 3887:: 3802:South Korea 3773:Sect Shinto 3513:Gyeryongsan 3494:Gang Il-Sun 3486:millenarian 3482:Jeungsangyo 3478:Jeungsanism 3450:Other sects 3438:North Korea 3371:Jeungsanism 3285:: 3275:: 2911:Catholicism 2838:Pentecostal 2793:or 기독교/基督敎 2791:Geurisdogyo 2765:Yi 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4256:28 January 4216:0199390037 3929:References 3651:See also: 3525:Cheonligyo 3506:Jeungsando 3498:Bocheonism 3464:Daejonggyo 3460:Daejongism 3397:Cheondogyo 3391:Cheondoism 3385:Cheondoism 3367:Cheondoism 3220:shrine at 3083:See also: 2981:Kim Ho Jik 2915:See also: 2830:Chimnyegyo 2807:Protestant 2803:Cheonjugyo 2667:See also: 2615:102 (11%) 2604:144 (16%) 2593:735 (81%) 2423:Bunhwangsa 2365:Kushan Era 2359:) through 2319:See also: 2285:See also: 2216:Daejongism 2204:Cheondoism 2180:Christians 2174:, 23% are 2116:holding a 2098:Cheondoism 2038:See also: 2007:Daejongism 1999:Cheondoism 1862:Daejongism 1854:Cheondoism 1448:Daejongism 1440:Cheondoism 1402:9,675,761 1392:3,890,311 1382:7,619,332 1347:8,616,438 1337:5,146,147 1292:8,760,336 1282:2,950,730 1237:6,489,282 1227:1,865,397 1217:8,059,624 962:102 (11%) 951:735 (81%) 760:Gangwon-do 459:7,619,000 404:3,890,000 394:5,015,000 384:2,885,000 349:9,676,000 339:8,446,000 329:8,505,000 198:1950–1962 6973:Hong Kong 6927:Palestine 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